[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163416},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1586},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1579,"extension":1580,"meta":1581,"navigation":579,"path":1582,"seo":1583,"stem":1584,"__hash__":1585},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1545},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,45,48,53,108,111,126,135,142,158,161,165,168,192,210,213,277,279,299,308,315,318,353,355,370,373,425,427,460,470,476,479,521,523,537,540,604,606,621,639,645,651,718,720,739,742,762,765,769,775,778,813,815,829,840,843,906,908,929,932,935,953,959,963,968,975,1033,1035,1053,1056,1101,1103,1111,1117,1122,1136,1138,1172,1174,1183,1187,1192,1203,1206,1238,1240,1252,1255,1259,1264,1305,1307,1315,1318,1341,1345,1348,1358,1361,1421,1423,1432,1436,1441,1452,1456,1467,1470,1476,1479,1486,1496,1507,1514,1518,1541],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-round-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"round()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The built-in ",[15,24,17],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,27,28],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,31,32,39],"ul",{},[33,34,35,38],"li",{},[15,36,37],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,40,41,44],{},[15,42,43],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,46,47],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[49,50,52],"h2",{"id":51},"quick-example","Quick example",[54,55,60],"pre",{"className":56,"code":57,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n","python","",[15,61,62,87],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64,67,71,75,78,80,84],"span",{"class":65,"line":66},"line",1,[63,68,70],{"class":69},"sptTA","print",[63,72,74],{"class":73},"sP7_E","(",[63,76,77],{"class":69},"round",[63,79,74],{"class":73},[63,81,83],{"class":82},"srdBf","3.14159",[63,85,86],{"class":73},"))\n",[63,88,90,92,94,96,98,100,103,106],{"class":65,"line":89},2,[63,91,70],{"class":69},[63,93,74],{"class":73},[63,95,77],{"class":69},[63,97,74],{"class":73},[63,99,83],{"class":82},[63,101,102],{"class":73},",",[63,104,105],{"class":82}," 2",[63,107,86],{"class":73},[20,109,110],{},"Output:",[54,112,114],{"className":56,"code":113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n3.14\n",[15,115,116,121],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117,118],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119,120],{"class":82},"3\n",[63,122,123],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124,125],{"class":82},"3.14\n",[20,127,128,129,131,132,134],{},"Use ",[15,130,37],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,133,43],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[49,136,138,139,141],{"id":137},"what-round-does","What ",[15,140,17],{}," does",[30,143,144,149,152,155],{},[33,145,146,148],{},[15,147,17],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,150,151],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,153,154],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,156,157],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,159,160],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[49,162,164],{"id":163},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,166,167],{},"The syntax is:",[54,169,171],{"className":56,"code":170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,172,173],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,174,175,177,179,183,186,189],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,176,77],{"class":69},[63,178,74],{"class":73},[63,180,182],{"class":181},"slqww","number",[63,184,185],{"class":73},"[,",[63,187,188],{"class":181}," ndigits",[63,190,191],{"class":73},"])\n",[30,193,194,199,205],{},[33,195,196,198],{},[15,197,182],{}," is the value to round",[33,200,201,204],{},[15,202,203],{},"ndigits"," is optional",[33,206,207,209],{},[15,208,203],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,211,212],{},"Basic examples:",[54,214,216],{"className":56,"code":215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,217,218,233,252],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,219,220,222,224,226,228,231],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,221,70],{"class":69},[63,223,74],{"class":73},[63,225,77],{"class":69},[63,227,74],{"class":73},[63,229,230],{"class":82},"7.8",[63,232,86],{"class":73},[63,234,235,237,239,241,243,245,247,250],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,236,70],{"class":69},[63,238,74],{"class":73},[63,240,77],{"class":69},[63,242,74],{"class":73},[63,244,230],{"class":82},[63,246,102],{"class":73},[63,248,249],{"class":82}," 1",[63,251,86],{"class":73},[63,253,255,257,259,261,263,266,268,272,275],{"class":65,"line":254},3,[63,256,70],{"class":69},[63,258,74],{"class":73},[63,260,77],{"class":69},[63,262,74],{"class":73},[63,264,265],{"class":82},"1234",[63,267,102],{"class":73},[63,269,271],{"class":270},"smGrS"," -",[63,273,274],{"class":82},"2",[63,276,86],{"class":73},[20,278,110],{},[54,280,282],{"className":56,"code":281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,283,284,289,294],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,285,286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,287,288],{"class":82},"8\n",[63,290,291],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,292,293],{"class":82},"7.8\n",[63,295,296],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,297,298],{"class":82},"1200\n",[20,300,301,302,307],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[303,304,306],"a",{"href":305},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",".",[49,309,311,312,314],{"id":310},"using-round-with-one-argument","Using ",[15,313,17],{}," with one argument",[20,316,317],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[54,319,321],{"className":56,"code":320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,322,323,338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,324,325,327,329,331,333,336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,326,70],{"class":69},[63,328,74],{"class":73},[63,330,77],{"class":69},[63,332,74],{"class":73},[63,334,335],{"class":82},"4.2",[63,337,86],{"class":73},[63,339,340,342,344,346,348,351],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,341,70],{"class":69},[63,343,74],{"class":73},[63,345,77],{"class":69},[63,347,74],{"class":73},[63,349,350],{"class":82},"4.8",[63,352,86],{"class":73},[20,354,110],{},[54,356,358],{"className":56,"code":357,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4\n5\n",[15,359,360,365],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,361,362],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,363,364],{"class":82},"4\n",[63,366,367],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,368,369],{"class":82},"5\n",[20,371,372],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[54,374,376],{"className":56,"code":375,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,377,378,398,409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,379,380,384,387,390,392,395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,381,383],{"class":382},"su5hD","result ",[63,385,386],{"class":270},"=",[63,388,389],{"class":69}," round",[63,391,74],{"class":73},[63,393,394],{"class":82},"10.2",[63,396,397],{"class":73},")\n",[63,399,400,402,404,407],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,401,70],{"class":69},[63,403,74],{"class":73},[63,405,406],{"class":181},"result",[63,408,397],{"class":73},[63,410,411,413,415,419,421,423],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,412,70],{"class":69},[63,414,74],{"class":73},[63,416,418],{"class":417},"sZMiF","type",[63,420,74],{"class":73},[63,422,406],{"class":181},[63,424,86],{"class":73},[20,426,110],{},[54,428,430],{"className":56,"code":429,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,431,432,437],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,433,434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,435,436],{"class":82},"10\n",[63,438,439,442,446,450,454,457],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,440,441],{"class":270},"\u003C",[63,443,445],{"class":444},"sbsja","class",[63,447,449],{"class":448},"sjJ54"," '",[63,451,453],{"class":452},"s_sjI","int",[63,455,456],{"class":448},"'",[63,458,459],{"class":270},">\n",[20,461,462,463,307],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[303,464,13,466,469],{"href":465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,467,468],{},"int()"," function explained",[49,471,311,473,475],{"id":472},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,474,17],{}," with decimal places",[20,477,478],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[54,480,482],{"className":56,"code":481,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,483,484,502],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,485,486,488,490,492,494,496,498,500],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,487,70],{"class":69},[63,489,74],{"class":73},[63,491,77],{"class":69},[63,493,74],{"class":73},[63,495,83],{"class":82},[63,497,102],{"class":73},[63,499,105],{"class":82},[63,501,86],{"class":73},[63,503,504,506,508,510,512,514,516,519],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,505,70],{"class":69},[63,507,74],{"class":73},[63,509,77],{"class":69},[63,511,74],{"class":73},[63,513,83],{"class":82},[63,515,102],{"class":73},[63,517,518],{"class":82}," 3",[63,520,86],{"class":73},[20,522,110],{},[54,524,526],{"className":56,"code":525,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,527,528,532],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,529,530],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,531,125],{"class":82},[63,533,534],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,535,536],{"class":82},"3.142\n",[20,538,539],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[54,541,543],{"className":56,"code":542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,544,545,555,575,581,592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,546,547,550,552],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,548,549],{"class":382},"price ",[63,551,386],{"class":270},[63,553,554],{"class":82}," 19.9876\n",[63,556,557,560,562,564,566,569,571,573],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,558,559],{"class":382},"rounded_price ",[63,561,386],{"class":270},[63,563,389],{"class":69},[63,565,74],{"class":73},[63,567,568],{"class":181},"price",[63,570,102],{"class":73},[63,572,105],{"class":82},[63,574,397],{"class":73},[63,576,577],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,578,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},true,"\n",[63,582,584,586,588,590],{"class":65,"line":583},4,[63,585,70],{"class":69},[63,587,74],{"class":73},[63,589,568],{"class":181},[63,591,397],{"class":73},[63,593,595,597,599,602],{"class":65,"line":594},5,[63,596,70],{"class":69},[63,598,74],{"class":73},[63,600,601],{"class":181},"rounded_price",[63,603,397],{"class":73},[20,605,110],{},[54,607,609],{"className":56,"code":608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,610,611,616],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,612,613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,614,615],{"class":82},"19.9876\n",[63,617,618],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,619,620],{"class":82},"19.99\n",[20,622,623,624,627,628,632,633,307],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,625,626],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[303,629,631],{"href":630},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python"," or ",[303,634,13,636,469],{"href":635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,637,638],{},"float()",[49,640,642,643],{"id":641},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,644,203],{},[20,646,647,648,650],{},"A negative ",[15,649,203],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[54,652,654],{"className":56,"code":653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,655,656,677,697],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,657,658,660,662,664,666,668,670,672,675],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,659,70],{"class":69},[63,661,74],{"class":73},[63,663,77],{"class":69},[63,665,74],{"class":73},[63,667,265],{"class":82},[63,669,102],{"class":73},[63,671,271],{"class":270},[63,673,674],{"class":82},"1",[63,676,86],{"class":73},[63,678,679,681,683,685,687,689,691,693,695],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,680,70],{"class":69},[63,682,74],{"class":73},[63,684,77],{"class":69},[63,686,74],{"class":73},[63,688,265],{"class":82},[63,690,102],{"class":73},[63,692,271],{"class":270},[63,694,274],{"class":82},[63,696,86],{"class":73},[63,698,699,701,703,705,707,709,711,713,716],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,700,70],{"class":69},[63,702,74],{"class":73},[63,704,77],{"class":69},[63,706,74],{"class":73},[63,708,265],{"class":82},[63,710,102],{"class":73},[63,712,271],{"class":270},[63,714,715],{"class":82},"3",[63,717,86],{"class":73},[20,719,110],{},[54,721,723],{"className":56,"code":722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,724,725,730,734],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,726,727],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,728,729],{"class":82},"1230\n",[63,731,732],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,733,298],{"class":82},[63,735,736],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,737,738],{"class":82},"1000\n",[20,740,741],{},"How this works:",[30,743,744,750,756],{},[33,745,746,749],{},[15,747,748],{},"-1"," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,751,752,755],{},[15,753,754],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,757,758,761],{},[15,759,760],{},"-3"," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,763,764],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[49,766,768],{"id":767},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,770,771,772,307],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,773,774],{},".5",[20,776,777],{},"For example:",[54,779,781],{"className":56,"code":780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,782,783,798],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,784,785,787,789,791,793,796],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,786,70],{"class":69},[63,788,74],{"class":73},[63,790,77],{"class":69},[63,792,74],{"class":73},[63,794,795],{"class":82},"2.5",[63,797,86],{"class":73},[63,799,800,802,804,806,808,811],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,801,70],{"class":69},[63,803,74],{"class":73},[63,805,77],{"class":69},[63,807,74],{"class":73},[63,809,810],{"class":82},"3.5",[63,812,86],{"class":73},[20,814,110],{},[54,816,818],{"className":56,"code":817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n4\n",[15,819,820,825],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,821,822],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,823,824],{"class":82},"2\n",[63,826,827],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,828,364],{"class":82},[20,830,831,832,836,837,839],{},"Python uses ",[833,834,835],"strong",{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,838,774],{}," situations.",[20,841,842],{},"More examples:",[54,844,846],{"className":56,"code":845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,847,848,863,877,891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,849,850,852,854,856,858,861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,851,70],{"class":69},[63,853,74],{"class":73},[63,855,77],{"class":69},[63,857,74],{"class":73},[63,859,860],{"class":82},"1.5",[63,862,86],{"class":73},[63,864,865,867,869,871,873,875],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,866,70],{"class":69},[63,868,74],{"class":73},[63,870,77],{"class":69},[63,872,74],{"class":73},[63,874,795],{"class":82},[63,876,86],{"class":73},[63,878,879,881,883,885,887,889],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,880,70],{"class":69},[63,882,74],{"class":73},[63,884,77],{"class":69},[63,886,74],{"class":73},[63,888,810],{"class":82},[63,890,86],{"class":73},[63,892,893,895,897,899,901,904],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,894,70],{"class":69},[63,896,74],{"class":73},[63,898,77],{"class":69},[63,900,74],{"class":73},[63,902,903],{"class":82},"4.5",[63,905,86],{"class":73},[20,907,110],{},[54,909,911],{"className":56,"code":910,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,912,913,917,921,925],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,914,915],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,916,824],{"class":82},[63,918,919],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,920,824],{"class":82},[63,922,923],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,924,364],{"class":82},[63,926,927],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,928,364],{"class":82},[20,930,931],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,933,934],{},"So:",[30,936,937,945],{},[33,938,939,942,943],{},[15,940,941],{},"round(2.5)"," gives ",[15,944,274],{},[33,946,947,942,950],{},[15,948,949],{},"round(3.5)",[15,951,952],{},"4",[20,954,955,956,958],{},"If you expected ",[15,957,774],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[49,960,962],{"id":961},"return-values","Return values",[20,964,965,967],{},[15,966,17],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,969,970,971,974],{},"It does ",[833,972,973],{},"not"," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[54,976,978],{"className":56,"code":977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,979,980,990,994,1005,1023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,981,982,985,987],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,983,984],{"class":382},"value ",[63,986,386],{"class":270},[63,988,989],{"class":82}," 3.14159\n",[63,991,992],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,993,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,995,996,998,1000,1003],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,997,70],{"class":69},[63,999,74],{"class":73},[63,1001,1002],{"class":181},"value",[63,1004,397],{"class":73},[63,1006,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,1008,70],{"class":69},[63,1010,74],{"class":73},[63,1012,77],{"class":69},[63,1014,74],{"class":73},[63,1016,1002],{"class":181},[63,1018,102],{"class":73},[63,1020,105],{"class":82},[63,1022,86],{"class":73},[63,1024,1025,1027,1029,1031],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,1026,70],{"class":69},[63,1028,74],{"class":73},[63,1030,1002],{"class":181},[63,1032,397],{"class":73},[20,1034,110],{},[54,1036,1038],{"className":56,"code":1037,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,1039,1040,1045,1049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1041,1042],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1043,1044],{"class":82},"3.14159\n",[63,1046,1047],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1048,125],{"class":82},[63,1050,1051],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1052,1044],{"class":82},[20,1054,1055],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[54,1057,1059],{"className":56,"code":1058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,1060,1061,1069,1087,1091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1062,1063,1065,1067],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1064,984],{"class":382},[63,1066,386],{"class":270},[63,1068,989],{"class":82},[63,1070,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1072,984],{"class":382},[63,1074,386],{"class":270},[63,1076,389],{"class":69},[63,1078,74],{"class":73},[63,1080,1002],{"class":181},[63,1082,102],{"class":73},[63,1084,105],{"class":82},[63,1086,397],{"class":73},[63,1088,1089],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1090,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,1092,1093,1095,1097,1099],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,1094,70],{"class":69},[63,1096,74],{"class":73},[63,1098,1002],{"class":181},[63,1100,397],{"class":73},[20,1102,110],{},[54,1104,1105],{"className":56,"code":125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,1106,1107],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1108,1109],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1110,125],{"class":82},[49,1112,1114,1115],{"id":1113},"when-to-use-round","When to use ",[15,1116,17],{},[20,1118,128,1119,1121],{},[15,1120,17],{}," when you want to:",[30,1123,1124,1127,1130,1133],{},[33,1125,1126],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,1128,1129],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,1131,1132],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,1134,1135],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,1137,777],{},[54,1139,1141],{"className":56,"code":1140,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,1142,1143,1153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1144,1145,1148,1150],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1146,1147],{"class":382},"distance ",[63,1149,386],{"class":270},[63,1151,1152],{"class":82}," 12.67891\n",[63,1154,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1166,1168,1170],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1156,70],{"class":69},[63,1158,74],{"class":73},[63,1160,77],{"class":69},[63,1162,74],{"class":73},[63,1164,1165],{"class":181},"distance",[63,1167,102],{"class":73},[63,1169,105],{"class":82},[63,1171,86],{"class":73},[20,1173,110],{},[54,1175,1177],{"className":56,"code":1176,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"12.68\n",[15,1178,1179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1180,1181],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1182,1176],{"class":82},[49,1184,1186],{"id":1185},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1188,1189,1190,307],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,1191,17],{},[1193,1194,1196,1197,1199,1200,1202],"h3",{"id":1195},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward","Expecting ",[15,1198,17],{}," to always round ",[15,1201,774],{}," upward",[20,1204,1205],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[54,1207,1208],{"className":56,"code":780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,1209,1210,1224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1211,1212,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1213,70],{"class":69},[63,1215,74],{"class":73},[63,1217,77],{"class":69},[63,1219,74],{"class":73},[63,1221,795],{"class":82},[63,1223,86],{"class":73},[63,1225,1226,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1227,70],{"class":69},[63,1229,74],{"class":73},[63,1231,77],{"class":69},[63,1233,74],{"class":73},[63,1235,810],{"class":82},[63,1237,86],{"class":73},[20,1239,110],{},[54,1241,1242],{"className":56,"code":817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,1243,1244,1248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1245,1246],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1247,824],{"class":82},[63,1249,1250],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1251,364],{"class":82},[20,1253,1254],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1193,1256,1258],{"id":1257},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,1260,1261,1263],{},[15,1262,17],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[54,1265,1267],{"className":56,"code":1266,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,1268,1269,1277,1291,1295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1270,1271,1273,1275],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1272,984],{"class":382},[63,1274,386],{"class":270},[63,1276,989],{"class":82},[63,1278,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1280,77],{"class":69},[63,1282,74],{"class":73},[63,1284,1002],{"class":181},[63,1286,102],{"class":73},[63,1288,105],{"class":82},[63,1290,397],{"class":73},[63,1292,1293],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1294,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,1296,1297,1299,1301,1303],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,1298,70],{"class":69},[63,1300,74],{"class":73},[63,1302,1002],{"class":181},[63,1304,397],{"class":73},[20,1306,110],{},[54,1308,1309],{"className":56,"code":1044,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,1310,1311],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1312,1313],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1314,1044],{"class":82},[20,1316,1317],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[54,1319,1321],{"className":56,"code":1320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,1322,1323],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1324,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1326,984],{"class":382},[63,1328,386],{"class":270},[63,1330,389],{"class":69},[63,1332,74],{"class":73},[63,1334,1002],{"class":181},[63,1336,102],{"class":73},[63,1338,105],{"class":82},[63,1340,397],{"class":73},[1193,1342,1344],{"id":1343},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,1346,1347],{},"This will cause an error:",[54,1349,1351],{"className":56,"code":1350,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,1352,1353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1354,1355],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1356,1350],{"class":1357},"sutJx",[20,1359,1360],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[54,1362,1364],{"className":56,"code":1363,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,1365,1366,1382,1399,1403],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1367,1368,1371,1373,1376,1379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1369,1370],{"class":382},"text ",[63,1372,386],{"class":270},[63,1374,1375],{"class":448}," \"",[63,1377,1378],{"class":452},"3.14",[63,1380,1381],{"class":448},"\"\n",[63,1383,1384,1387,1389,1392,1394,1397],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1385,1386],{"class":382},"number ",[63,1388,386],{"class":270},[63,1390,1391],{"class":417}," float",[63,1393,74],{"class":73},[63,1395,1396],{"class":181},"text",[63,1398,397],{"class":73},[63,1400,1401],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1402,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,1404,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,1406,70],{"class":69},[63,1408,74],{"class":73},[63,1410,77],{"class":69},[63,1412,74],{"class":73},[63,1414,182],{"class":181},[63,1416,102],{"class":73},[63,1418,249],{"class":82},[63,1420,86],{"class":73},[20,1422,110],{},[54,1424,1426],{"className":56,"code":1425,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.1\n",[15,1427,1428],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1429,1430],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1431,1425],{"class":82},[1193,1433,1435],{"id":1434},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,1437,1438,1440],{},[15,1439,17],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,1442,1443,1444,632,1448,307],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[303,1445,1446],{"href":635},[15,1447,638],{},[303,1449,1450],{"href":465},[15,1451,468],{},[49,1453,1455],{"id":1454},"faq","FAQ",[1193,1457,1459,1460,1462,1463,1466],{"id":1458},"does-round-always-round-05-up","Does ",[15,1461,17],{}," always round ",[15,1464,1465],{},"0.5"," up?",[20,1468,1469],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1193,1471,1459,1473,1475],{"id":1472},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,1474,17],{}," change the original number?",[20,1477,1478],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1193,1480,1482,1483,1485],{"id":1481},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds","Can ",[15,1484,17],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,1487,1488,1489,1491,1492,632,1494,307],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,1490,203],{}," value like ",[15,1493,748],{},[15,1495,754],{},[1193,1497,1499,1500,1502,1503,1506],{"id":1498},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314","Can I use ",[15,1501,17],{}," on a string like ",[15,1504,1505],{},"\"3.14\"","?",[20,1508,1509,1510,632,1512,307],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,1511,638],{},[15,1513,468],{},[49,1515,1517],{"id":1516},"see-also","See also",[30,1519,1520,1526,1532,1536],{},[33,1521,1522],{},[303,1523,13,1524,469],{"href":635},[15,1525,638],{},[33,1527,1528],{},[303,1529,13,1530,469],{"href":465},[15,1531,468],{},[33,1533,1534],{},[303,1535,306],{"href":305},[33,1537,1538],{},[303,1539,1540],{"href":630},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[1542,1543,1544],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":1546},[1547,1548,1550,1551,1553,1555,1557,1558,1559,1561,1568,1578],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":137,"depth":89,"text":1549},"What round() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":310,"depth":89,"text":1552},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":472,"depth":89,"text":1554},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":641,"depth":89,"text":1556},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":767,"depth":89,"text":768},{"id":961,"depth":89,"text":962},{"id":1113,"depth":89,"text":1560},"When to use round()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":1562},[1563,1565,1566,1567],{"id":1195,"depth":254,"text":1564},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":1257,"depth":254,"text":1258},{"id":1343,"depth":254,"text":1344},{"id":1434,"depth":254,"text":1435},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":1569},[1570,1572,1574,1576],{"id":1458,"depth":254,"text":1571},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":1472,"depth":254,"text":1573},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":1481,"depth":254,"text":1575},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":1498,"depth":254,"text":1577},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1579},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",[1587,3161,4879,6577,8720,10923,12443,14621,16826,19286,21124,23689,25787,28068,30016,31927,33924,35362,37191,39716,41866,43095,44466,46114,48431,50275,52257,53951,55204,56898,58649,60621,62371,64471,65829,67780,69343,71334,73129,75029,77471,79549,82189,84218,86181,88369,90373,92686,94368,95649,96843,98021,99861,102301,104005,106020,107544,108789,109952,111334,113405,115302,117076,118942,121061,122801,124263,125857,127780,129457,131392,132881,135665,137242,138801,140829,142781,144244,145433,147319,148730,150426,151980,153402,154805,156703,159097,160928],{"id":1588,"title":1589,"body":1590,"description":3155,"extension":1580,"meta":3156,"navigation":579,"path":3157,"seo":3158,"stem":3159,"__hash__":3160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1591,"toc":3127},[1592,1595,1602,1605,1616,1619,1621,1683,1685,1705,1710,1714,1719,1722,1738,1741,1766,1769,1771,1773,1789,1792,1818,1821,1876,1878,1893,1903,1914,1918,1921,1974,1976,1994,1997,2021,2026,2030,2035,2041,2043,2079,2081,2090,2096,2113,2116,2128,2132,2137,2141,2144,2165,2167,2223,2225,2233,2236,2240,2272,2274,2282,2285,2289,2294,2342,2344,2352,2356,2416,2418,2426,2429,2431,2435,2438,2462,2471,2483,2534,2536,2550,2561,2565,2568,2597,2604,2608,2613,2654,2656,2667,2670,2713,2715,2723,2727,2732,2754,2756,2765,2773,2777,2782,2804,2806,2876,2878,2925,2928,2931,2934,3014,3016,3047,3049,3053,3056,3060,3063,3067,3070,3074,3086,3090,3093,3095,3124],[10,1593,1589],{"id":1594},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1596,1597,1598,1601],{},"The ",[15,1599,1600],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1603,1604],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,1606,1607,1610,1613],{},[33,1608,1609],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,1611,1612],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,1614,1615],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1617,1618],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[49,1620,52],{"id":51},[54,1622,1624],{"className":56,"code":1623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1625,1626,1645,1659],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1627,1628,1630,1632,1635,1637,1640,1643],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1629,70],{"class":69},[63,1631,74],{"class":73},[63,1633,1634],{"class":69},"abs",[63,1636,74],{"class":73},[63,1638,1639],{"class":270},"-",[63,1641,1642],{"class":82},"7",[63,1644,86],{"class":73},[63,1646,1647,1649,1651,1653,1655,1657],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1648,70],{"class":69},[63,1650,74],{"class":73},[63,1652,1634],{"class":69},[63,1654,74],{"class":73},[63,1656,810],{"class":82},[63,1658,86],{"class":73},[63,1660,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1673,1676,1678,1681],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1662,70],{"class":69},[63,1664,74],{"class":73},[63,1666,1634],{"class":69},[63,1668,74],{"class":73},[63,1670,1639],{"class":270},[63,1672,274],{"class":82},[63,1674,1675],{"class":270},"+",[63,1677,715],{"class":82},[63,1679,1680],{"class":444},"j",[63,1682,86],{"class":73},[20,1684,110],{},[54,1686,1688],{"className":56,"code":1687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1689,1690,1695,1700],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1691,1692],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1693,1694],{"class":82},"7\n",[63,1696,1697],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1698,1699],{"class":82},"3.5\n",[63,1701,1702],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1703,1704],{"class":82},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1706,128,1707,1709],{},[15,1708,1600],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[49,1711,1713],{"id":1712},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1715,1716,1718],{},[15,1717,1600],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1720,1721],{},"That means:",[30,1723,1724,1727,1730],{},[33,1725,1726],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,1728,1729],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,1731,1732,1735,1736],{},[15,1733,1734],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1737,1734],{},[20,1739,1740],{},"Examples:",[30,1742,1743,1751,1759],{},[33,1744,1745,942,1748],{},[15,1746,1747],{},"abs(-5)",[15,1749,1750],{},"5",[33,1752,1753,942,1756],{},[15,1754,1755],{},"abs(9)",[15,1757,1758],{},"9",[33,1760,1761,942,1764],{},[15,1762,1763],{},"abs(0)",[15,1765,1734],{},[20,1767,1768],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[49,1770,164],{"id":163},[20,1772,167],{},[54,1774,1776],{"className":56,"code":1775,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abs(x)\n",[15,1777,1778],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1779,1780,1782,1784,1787],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1781,1634],{"class":69},[63,1783,74],{"class":73},[63,1785,1786],{"class":181},"x",[63,1788,397],{"class":73},[20,1790,1791],{},"Here:",[30,1793,1794,1810,1815],{},[33,1795,1796,1798,1799,1801,1802,1805,1806,1809],{},[15,1797,1786],{}," is usually an ",[15,1800,453],{},", ",[15,1803,1804],{},"float",", or ",[15,1807,1808],{},"complex"," number",[33,1811,1812,1814],{},[15,1813,1600],{}," returns a new value",[33,1816,1817],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1819,1820],{},"Example:",[54,1822,1824],{"className":56,"code":1823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1825,1826,1837,1852,1856,1866],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1827,1828,1830,1832,1834],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1829,1386],{"class":382},[63,1831,386],{"class":270},[63,1833,271],{"class":270},[63,1835,1836],{"class":82},"12\n",[63,1838,1839,1841,1843,1846,1848,1850],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1840,383],{"class":382},[63,1842,386],{"class":270},[63,1844,1845],{"class":69}," abs",[63,1847,74],{"class":73},[63,1849,182],{"class":181},[63,1851,397],{"class":73},[63,1853,1854],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1855,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,1857,1858,1860,1862,1864],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,1859,70],{"class":69},[63,1861,74],{"class":73},[63,1863,182],{"class":181},[63,1865,397],{"class":73},[63,1867,1868,1870,1872,1874],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,1869,70],{"class":69},[63,1871,74],{"class":73},[63,1873,406],{"class":181},[63,1875,397],{"class":73},[20,1877,110],{},[54,1879,1881],{"className":56,"code":1880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-12\n12\n",[15,1882,1883,1889],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1884,1885,1887],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1886,1639],{"class":270},[63,1888,1836],{"class":82},[63,1890,1891],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1892,1836],{"class":82},[20,1894,1895,1896,1898,1899,1902],{},"Notice that ",[15,1897,182],{}," is still ",[15,1900,1901],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1904,1905,1906,1913],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[303,1907,1909,1912],{"href":1908},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1910,1911],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[49,1915,1917],{"id":1916},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1919,1920],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[54,1922,1924],{"className":56,"code":1923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1925,1926,1943,1958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1927,1928,1930,1932,1934,1936,1938,1941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1929,70],{"class":69},[63,1931,74],{"class":73},[63,1933,1634],{"class":69},[63,1935,74],{"class":73},[63,1937,1639],{"class":270},[63,1939,1940],{"class":82},"10",[63,1942,86],{"class":73},[63,1944,1945,1947,1949,1951,1953,1956],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1946,70],{"class":69},[63,1948,74],{"class":73},[63,1950,1634],{"class":69},[63,1952,74],{"class":73},[63,1954,1955],{"class":82},"8",[63,1957,86],{"class":73},[63,1959,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1961,70],{"class":69},[63,1963,74],{"class":73},[63,1965,1634],{"class":69},[63,1967,74],{"class":73},[63,1969,1639],{"class":270},[63,1971,335],{"class":82},[63,1973,86],{"class":73},[20,1975,110],{},[54,1977,1979],{"className":56,"code":1978,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1980,1981,1985,1989],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1982,1983],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1984,436],{"class":82},[63,1986,1987],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,1988,288],{"class":82},[63,1990,1991],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,1992,1993],{"class":82},"4.2\n",[20,1995,1996],{},"What each line does:",[30,1998,1999,2007,2014],{},[33,2000,2001,2004,2005],{},[15,2002,2003],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2006,1940],{},[33,2008,2009,2004,2012],{},[15,2010,2011],{},"abs(8)",[15,2013,1955],{},[33,2015,2016,2004,2019],{},[15,2017,2018],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2020,335],{},[20,2022,2023,2024,307],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[303,2025,306],{"href":305},[49,2027,2029],{"id":2028},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2031,2032,2034],{},[15,2033,1600],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2036,2037,2038,2040],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2039,1734],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2042,1820],{},[54,2044,2046],{"className":56,"code":2045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2047,2048,2065],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2049,2050,2052,2054,2056,2059,2062],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2051,984],{"class":382},[63,2053,386],{"class":270},[63,2055,518],{"class":82},[63,2057,2058],{"class":270}," +",[63,2060,2061],{"class":82}," 4",[63,2063,2064],{"class":444},"j\n",[63,2066,2067,2069,2071,2073,2075,2077],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2068,70],{"class":69},[63,2070,74],{"class":73},[63,2072,1634],{"class":69},[63,2074,74],{"class":73},[63,2076,1002],{"class":181},[63,2078,86],{"class":73},[20,2080,110],{},[54,2082,2084],{"className":56,"code":2083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n",[15,2085,2086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2087,2088],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2089,2083],{"class":82},[20,2091,2092,2093,1506],{},"Why ",[15,2094,2095],{},"5.0",[30,2097,2098,2103,2108],{},[33,2099,2100,2101],{},"the real part is ",[15,2102,715],{},[33,2104,2105,2106],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2107,952],{},[33,2109,2110,2111],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2112,2095],{},[20,2114,2115],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2117,2118,2125],{},[33,2119,2120,2122,2123],{},[15,2121,1600],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2124,1804],{},[33,2126,2127],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[49,2129,2131],{"id":2130},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2133,2134,2135,307],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2136,1600],{},[1193,2138,2140],{"id":2139},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2142,2143],{},"A very common pattern is:",[54,2145,2147],{"className":56,"code":2146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2148,2149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2150,2151,2153,2155,2158,2160,2163],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2152,1634],{"class":69},[63,2154,74],{"class":73},[63,2156,2157],{"class":181},"a ",[63,2159,1639],{"class":270},[63,2161,2162],{"class":181}," b",[63,2164,397],{"class":73},[20,2166,1820],{},[54,2168,2170],{"className":56,"code":2169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2171,2172,2181,2191,2195,2213],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2173,2174,2176,2178],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2175,2157],{"class":382},[63,2177,386],{"class":270},[63,2179,2180],{"class":82}," 3\n",[63,2182,2183,2186,2188],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2184,2185],{"class":382},"b ",[63,2187,386],{"class":270},[63,2189,2190],{"class":82}," 10\n",[63,2192,2193],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,2194,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,2196,2197,2199,2201,2203,2205,2207,2209,2211],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,2198,1147],{"class":382},[63,2200,386],{"class":270},[63,2202,1845],{"class":69},[63,2204,74],{"class":73},[63,2206,2157],{"class":181},[63,2208,1639],{"class":270},[63,2210,2162],{"class":181},[63,2212,397],{"class":73},[63,2214,2215,2217,2219,2221],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,2216,70],{"class":69},[63,2218,74],{"class":73},[63,2220,1165],{"class":181},[63,2222,397],{"class":73},[20,2224,110],{},[54,2226,2227],{"className":56,"code":1694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,2228,2229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2230,2231],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2232,1694],{"class":82},[20,2234,2235],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1193,2237,2239],{"id":2238},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[54,2241,2243],{"className":56,"code":2242,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2244,2245,2257],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2246,2247,2250,2252,2254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2248,2249],{"class":382},"temperature_change ",[63,2251,386],{"class":270},[63,2253,271],{"class":270},[63,2255,2256],{"class":82},"6\n",[63,2258,2259,2261,2263,2265,2267,2270],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2260,70],{"class":69},[63,2262,74],{"class":73},[63,2264,1634],{"class":69},[63,2266,74],{"class":73},[63,2268,2269],{"class":181},"temperature_change",[63,2271,86],{"class":73},[20,2273,110],{},[54,2275,2276],{"className":56,"code":2256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,2277,2278],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2279,2280],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2281,2256],{"class":82},[20,2283,2284],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1193,2286,2288],{"id":2287},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2290,2291,2292,1913],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2293,1600],{},[54,2295,2297],{"className":56,"code":2296,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2298,2299,2311,2327,2331],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2300,2301,2304,2306,2308],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2302,2303],{"class":382},"balance_change ",[63,2305,386],{"class":270},[63,2307,271],{"class":270},[63,2309,2310],{"class":82},"25\n",[63,2312,2313,2316,2318,2320,2322,2325],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2314,2315],{"class":382},"safe_value ",[63,2317,386],{"class":270},[63,2319,1845],{"class":69},[63,2321,74],{"class":73},[63,2323,2324],{"class":181},"balance_change",[63,2326,397],{"class":73},[63,2328,2329],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,2330,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,2332,2333,2335,2337,2340],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,2334,70],{"class":69},[63,2336,74],{"class":73},[63,2338,2339],{"class":181},"safe_value",[63,2341,397],{"class":73},[20,2343,110],{},[54,2345,2346],{"className":56,"code":2310,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,2347,2348],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2349,2350],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2351,2310],{"class":82},[1193,2353,2355],{"id":2354},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[54,2357,2359],{"className":56,"code":2358,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2360,2361,2371,2381,2385,2405],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2362,2363,2366,2368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2364,2365],{"class":382},"guess ",[63,2367,386],{"class":270},[63,2369,2370],{"class":82}," 42\n",[63,2372,2373,2376,2378],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2374,2375],{"class":382},"target ",[63,2377,386],{"class":270},[63,2379,2380],{"class":82}," 50\n",[63,2382,2383],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,2384,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,2386,2387,2390,2392,2394,2396,2398,2400,2403],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,2388,2389],{"class":382},"difference ",[63,2391,386],{"class":270},[63,2393,1845],{"class":69},[63,2395,74],{"class":73},[63,2397,2365],{"class":181},[63,2399,1639],{"class":270},[63,2401,2402],{"class":181}," target",[63,2404,397],{"class":73},[63,2406,2407,2409,2411,2414],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,2408,70],{"class":69},[63,2410,74],{"class":73},[63,2412,2413],{"class":181},"difference",[63,2415,397],{"class":73},[20,2417,110],{},[54,2419,2420],{"className":56,"code":288,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,2421,2422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2423,2424],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2425,288],{"class":82},[20,2427,2428],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[49,2430,1186],{"id":1185},[1193,2432,2434],{"id":2433},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2436,2437],{},"This causes an error:",[54,2439,2441],{"className":56,"code":2440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2442,2443],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2444,2445,2447,2449,2451,2453,2456,2458,2460],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2446,70],{"class":69},[63,2448,74],{"class":73},[63,2450,1634],{"class":69},[63,2452,74],{"class":73},[63,2454,2455],{"class":448},"\"",[63,2457,1750],{"class":452},[63,2459,2455],{"class":448},[63,2461,86],{"class":73},[20,2463,2464,2467,2468,2470],{},[15,2465,2466],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2469,1600],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2472,2473,2474,632,2478,2482],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[303,2475,2476],{"href":465},[15,2477,468],{},[303,2479,2480],{"href":635},[15,2481,638],{},":",[54,2484,2486],{"className":56,"code":2485,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2487,2488,2511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2489,2490,2492,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2506,2508],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2491,70],{"class":69},[63,2493,74],{"class":73},[63,2495,1634],{"class":69},[63,2497,74],{"class":73},[63,2499,453],{"class":417},[63,2501,74],{"class":73},[63,2503,2455],{"class":448},[63,2505,1750],{"class":452},[63,2507,2455],{"class":448},[63,2509,2510],{"class":73},")))\n",[63,2512,2513,2515,2517,2519,2521,2523,2525,2527,2530,2532],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2514,70],{"class":69},[63,2516,74],{"class":73},[63,2518,1634],{"class":69},[63,2520,74],{"class":73},[63,2522,1804],{"class":417},[63,2524,74],{"class":73},[63,2526,2455],{"class":448},[63,2528,2529],{"class":452},"-3.2",[63,2531,2455],{"class":448},[63,2533,2510],{"class":73},[20,2535,110],{},[54,2537,2539],{"className":56,"code":2538,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2540,2541,2545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2542,2543],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2544,369],{"class":82},[63,2546,2547],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2548,2549],{"class":82},"3.2\n",[20,2551,2552,2553,2556,2557,307],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2554,2555],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[303,2558,2560],{"href":2559},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1193,2562,2564],{"id":2563},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2566,2567],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[54,2569,2571],{"className":56,"code":2570,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2572,2573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2574,2575,2577,2579,2581,2584,2586,2588,2590,2592,2594],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2576,70],{"class":69},[63,2578,74],{"class":73},[63,2580,1634],{"class":69},[63,2582,2583],{"class":73},"([",[63,2585,674],{"class":82},[63,2587,102],{"class":73},[63,2589,105],{"class":82},[63,2591,102],{"class":73},[63,2593,518],{"class":82},[63,2595,2596],{"class":73},"]))\n",[20,2598,2599,2600,2603],{},"This raises a ",[15,2601,2602],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1193,2605,2607],{"id":2606},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2609,2610,2612],{},[15,2611,1600],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[54,2614,2616],{"className":56,"code":2615,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2617,2618,2630,2640,2644],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2619,2620,2623,2625,2627],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2621,2622],{"class":382},"x ",[63,2624,386],{"class":270},[63,2626,271],{"class":270},[63,2628,2629],{"class":82},"9\n",[63,2631,2632,2634,2636,2638],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2633,1634],{"class":69},[63,2635,74],{"class":73},[63,2637,1786],{"class":181},[63,2639,397],{"class":73},[63,2641,2642],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,2643,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,2645,2646,2648,2650,2652],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,2647,70],{"class":69},[63,2649,74],{"class":73},[63,2651,1786],{"class":181},[63,2653,397],{"class":73},[20,2655,110],{},[54,2657,2659],{"className":56,"code":2658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-9\n",[15,2660,2661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2662,2663,2665],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2664,1639],{"class":270},[63,2666,2629],{"class":82},[20,2668,2669],{},"If you want to store the result:",[54,2671,2673],{"className":56,"code":2672,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2674,2675,2685,2699,2703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2676,2677,2679,2681,2683],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2678,2622],{"class":382},[63,2680,386],{"class":270},[63,2682,271],{"class":270},[63,2684,2629],{"class":82},[63,2686,2687,2689,2691,2693,2695,2697],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2688,2622],{"class":382},[63,2690,386],{"class":270},[63,2692,1845],{"class":69},[63,2694,74],{"class":73},[63,2696,1786],{"class":181},[63,2698,397],{"class":73},[63,2700,2701],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,2702,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,2704,2705,2707,2709,2711],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,2706,70],{"class":69},[63,2708,74],{"class":73},[63,2710,1786],{"class":181},[63,2712,397],{"class":73},[20,2714,110],{},[54,2716,2717],{"className":56,"code":2629,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,2718,2719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2720,2721],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2722,2629],{"class":82},[1193,2724,2726],{"id":2725},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2728,2729,2731],{},[15,2730,1600],{}," does not round numbers.",[54,2733,2735],{"className":56,"code":2734,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2736,2737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2738,2739,2741,2743,2745,2747,2749,2752],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2740,70],{"class":69},[63,2742,74],{"class":73},[63,2744,1634],{"class":69},[63,2746,74],{"class":73},[63,2748,1639],{"class":270},[63,2750,2751],{"class":82},"4.7",[63,2753,86],{"class":73},[20,2755,110],{},[54,2757,2759],{"className":56,"code":2758,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4.7\n",[15,2760,2761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2762,2763],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2764,2758],{"class":82},[20,2766,955,2767,2769,2770,2772],{},[15,2768,1750],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2771,1600],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[49,2774,2776],{"id":2775},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2778,2779,2781],{},[15,2780,1600],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,2783,2784,2791,2798],{},[33,2785,2786,2788,2789],{},[15,2787,453],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2790,453],{},[33,2792,2793,2795,2796],{},[15,2794,1804],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2797,1804],{},[33,2799,2800,2795,2802],{},[15,2801,1808],{},[15,2803,1804],{},[20,2805,1820],{},[54,2807,2809],{"className":56,"code":2808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2810,2811,2831,2852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2812,2813,2815,2817,2819,2821,2823,2825,2827,2829],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2814,70],{"class":69},[63,2816,74],{"class":73},[63,2818,418],{"class":417},[63,2820,74],{"class":73},[63,2822,1634],{"class":69},[63,2824,74],{"class":73},[63,2826,1639],{"class":270},[63,2828,1750],{"class":82},[63,2830,2510],{"class":73},[63,2832,2833,2835,2837,2839,2841,2843,2845,2847,2850],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2834,70],{"class":69},[63,2836,74],{"class":73},[63,2838,418],{"class":417},[63,2840,74],{"class":73},[63,2842,1634],{"class":69},[63,2844,74],{"class":73},[63,2846,1639],{"class":270},[63,2848,2849],{"class":82},"3.2",[63,2851,2510],{"class":73},[63,2853,2854,2856,2858,2860,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,2855,70],{"class":69},[63,2857,74],{"class":73},[63,2859,418],{"class":417},[63,2861,74],{"class":73},[63,2863,1634],{"class":69},[63,2865,74],{"class":73},[63,2867,715],{"class":82},[63,2869,2058],{"class":270},[63,2871,2061],{"class":82},[63,2873,1680],{"class":444},[63,2875,2510],{"class":73},[20,2877,110],{},[54,2879,2881],{"className":56,"code":2880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2882,2883,2897,2911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2884,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2886,441],{"class":270},[63,2888,445],{"class":444},[63,2890,449],{"class":448},[63,2892,453],{"class":452},[63,2894,456],{"class":448},[63,2896,459],{"class":270},[63,2898,2899,2901,2903,2905,2907,2909],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2900,441],{"class":270},[63,2902,445],{"class":444},[63,2904,449],{"class":448},[63,2906,1804],{"class":452},[63,2908,456],{"class":448},[63,2910,459],{"class":270},[63,2912,2913,2915,2917,2919,2921,2923],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,2914,441],{"class":270},[63,2916,445],{"class":444},[63,2918,449],{"class":448},[63,2920,1804],{"class":452},[63,2922,456],{"class":448},[63,2924,459],{"class":270},[20,2926,2927],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2929,2930],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2932,2933],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[54,2935,2937],{"className":56,"code":2936,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2938,2939,2952,2962,2976,2980,2994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2940,2941,2943,2945,2947,2950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2942,984],{"class":382},[63,2944,386],{"class":270},[63,2946,1375],{"class":448},[63,2948,2949],{"class":452},"-5",[63,2951,1381],{"class":448},[63,2953,2954,2956,2958,2960],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,2955,70],{"class":69},[63,2957,74],{"class":73},[63,2959,1002],{"class":181},[63,2961,397],{"class":73},[63,2963,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,2965,70],{"class":69},[63,2967,74],{"class":73},[63,2969,418],{"class":417},[63,2971,74],{"class":73},[63,2973,1002],{"class":181},[63,2975,86],{"class":73},[63,2977,2978],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,2979,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,2981,2982,2985,2987,2989,2992],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,2983,2984],{"class":382},"user_input ",[63,2986,386],{"class":270},[63,2988,1375],{"class":448},[63,2990,2991],{"class":452},"-3.7",[63,2993,1381],{"class":448},[63,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003,3005,3007,3009,3012],{"class":65,"line":2996},6,[63,2998,70],{"class":69},[63,3000,74],{"class":73},[63,3002,1634],{"class":69},[63,3004,74],{"class":73},[63,3006,1804],{"class":417},[63,3008,74],{"class":73},[63,3010,3011],{"class":181},"user_input",[63,3013,2510],{"class":73},[20,3015,110],{},[54,3017,3019],{"className":56,"code":3018,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3020,3021,3027,3042],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3022,3023,3025],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3024,1639],{"class":270},[63,3026,369],{"class":82},[63,3028,3029,3031,3033,3035,3038,3040],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3030,441],{"class":270},[63,3032,445],{"class":444},[63,3034,449],{"class":448},[63,3036,3037],{"class":452},"str",[63,3039,456],{"class":448},[63,3041,459],{"class":270},[63,3043,3044],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,3045,3046],{"class":82},"3.7\n",[49,3048,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,3050,3052],{"id":3051},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3054,3055],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1193,3057,3059],{"id":3058},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3061,3062],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1193,3064,3066],{"id":3065},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3068,3069],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1193,3071,3073],{"id":3072},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3075,3076,3078,3079,632,3081,3083,3084,307],{},[15,3077,2555],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3080,468],{},[15,3082,638],{}," before using ",[15,3085,1600],{},[1193,3087,3089],{"id":3088},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3091,3092],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[49,3094,1517],{"id":1516},[30,3096,3097,3103,3109,3115,3120],{},[33,3098,3099],{},[303,3100,3101,469],{"href":465},[15,3102,468],{},[33,3104,3105],{},[303,3106,3107,469],{"href":635},[15,3108,638],{},[33,3110,3111],{},[303,3112,3113,469],{"href":1908},[15,3114,1911],{},[33,3116,3117],{},[303,3118,3119],{"href":2559},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3121,3122],{},[303,3123,306],{"href":305},[1542,3125,3126],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":3128},[3129,3130,3131,3132,3133,3134,3140,3146,3147,3154],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":1712,"depth":89,"text":1713},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":1916,"depth":89,"text":1917},{"id":2028,"depth":89,"text":2029},{"id":2130,"depth":89,"text":2131,"children":3135},[3136,3137,3138,3139],{"id":2139,"depth":254,"text":2140},{"id":2238,"depth":254,"text":2239},{"id":2287,"depth":254,"text":2288},{"id":2354,"depth":254,"text":2355},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":3141},[3142,3143,3144,3145],{"id":2433,"depth":254,"text":2434},{"id":2563,"depth":254,"text":2564},{"id":2606,"depth":254,"text":2607},{"id":2725,"depth":254,"text":2726},{"id":2775,"depth":89,"text":2776},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":3148},[3149,3150,3151,3152,3153],{"id":3051,"depth":254,"text":3052},{"id":3058,"depth":254,"text":3059},{"id":3065,"depth":254,"text":3066},{"id":3072,"depth":254,"text":3073},{"id":3088,"depth":254,"text":3089},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1589,"description":3155},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3162,"title":3163,"body":3164,"description":4873,"extension":1580,"meta":4874,"navigation":579,"path":4875,"seo":4876,"stem":4877,"__hash__":4878},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3165,"toc":4837},[3166,3172,3178,3181,3198,3202,3260,3270,3275,3279,3298,3301,3318,3321,3325,3333,3350,3353,3393,3396,3403,3409,3486,3488,3520,3526,3530,3534,3573,3575,3584,3591,3595,3634,3636,3645,3655,3659,3715,3717,3725,3728,3731,3778,3780,3788,3794,3801,3806,3809,3812,3879,3881,3889,3892,3959,3961,3969,3983,3986,3998,4002,4008,4011,4013,4029,4031,4039,4042,4045,4048,4065,4068,4071,4101,4103,4116,4120,4124,4127,4142,4147,4150,4177,4184,4187,4227,4233,4239,4247,4250,4302,4309,4374,4379,4388,4391,4409,4415,4418,4560,4565,4570,4573,4584,4587,4643,4645,4653,4656,4715,4717,4725,4728,4739,4741,4748,4757,4766,4769,4775,4778,4787,4800,4802,4834],[10,3167,13,3169,18],{"id":3168},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3170,3171],{},"all()",[20,3173,3174,3175,3177],{},"Python’s ",[15,3176,3171],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3179,3180],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3182,3183,3186,3189],{},[33,3184,3185],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3187,3188],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3190,3191,2004,3194,3197],{},[15,3192,3193],{},"all([])",[15,3195,3196],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[49,3199,3201],{"id":3200},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[54,3203,3205],{"className":56,"code":3204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3206,3207,3230,3246],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3208,3209,3212,3214,3217,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3210,3211],{"class":382},"numbers ",[63,3213,386],{"class":270},[63,3215,3216],{"class":73}," [",[63,3218,674],{"class":82},[63,3220,102],{"class":73},[63,3222,105],{"class":82},[63,3224,102],{"class":73},[63,3226,518],{"class":82},[63,3228,3229],{"class":73},"]\n",[63,3231,3232,3234,3236,3239,3241,3244],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3233,383],{"class":382},[63,3235,386],{"class":270},[63,3237,3238],{"class":69}," all",[63,3240,74],{"class":73},[63,3242,3243],{"class":181},"numbers",[63,3245,397],{"class":73},[63,3247,3248,3250,3252,3254,3257],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,3249,70],{"class":69},[63,3251,74],{"class":73},[63,3253,406],{"class":181},[63,3255,3256],{"class":73},")",[63,3258,3259],{"class":1357},"  # True\n",[20,3261,3262,2004,3264,3266,3267,307],{},[15,3263,3171],{},[15,3265,3196],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3268,3269],{},"False",[49,3271,138,3273,141],{"id":3272},"what-all-does",[15,3274,3171],{},[20,3276,3277,2482],{},[15,3278,3171],{},[30,3280,3281,3284,3290,3295],{},[33,3282,3283],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3285,3286,3287,3289],{},"returns ",[15,3288,3196],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3291,3286,3292,3294],{},[15,3293,3269],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3296,3297],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3299,3300],{},"Basic syntax:",[54,3302,3304],{"className":56,"code":3303,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3305,3306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3307,3308,3311,3313,3316],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3309,3310],{"class":69},"all",[63,3312,74],{"class":73},[63,3314,3315],{"class":181},"iterable",[63,3317,397],{"class":73},[20,3319,3320],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[49,3322,3324],{"id":3323},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3326,3327,3328,632,3330,3332],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3329,3196],{},[15,3331,3269],{}," in conditions.",[30,3334,3335,3343],{},[33,3336,3337,3340,3341],{},[833,3338,3339],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3342,3196],{},[33,3344,3345,3340,3348],{},[833,3346,3347],{},"Falsy",[15,3349,3269],{},[20,3351,3352],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,3354,3355,3359,3364,3369,3374,3378,3383,3388],{},[33,3356,3357],{},[15,3358,1734],{},[33,3360,3361],{},[15,3362,3363],{},"0.0",[33,3365,3366],{},[15,3367,3368],{},"''",[33,3370,3371],{},[15,3372,3373],{},"None",[33,3375,3376],{},[15,3377,3269],{},[33,3379,3380],{},[15,3381,3382],{},"[]",[33,3384,3385],{},[15,3386,3387],{},"{}",[33,3389,3390],{},[15,3391,3392],{},"set()",[20,3394,3395],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3397,3398,3399,307],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[303,3400,3402],{"href":3401},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3404,3405,3406,2482],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3407,3408],{},"bool()",[54,3410,3412],{"className":56,"code":3411,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3413,3414,3452,3456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3415,3416,3419,3421,3423,3425,3427,3430,3432,3435,3437,3439,3442,3444,3446,3450],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3417,3418],{"class":382},"values ",[63,3420,386],{"class":270},[63,3422,3216],{"class":73},[63,3424,674],{"class":82},[63,3426,102],{"class":73},[63,3428,3429],{"class":82}," 0",[63,3431,102],{"class":73},[63,3433,3434],{"class":448}," ''",[63,3436,102],{"class":73},[63,3438,449],{"class":448},[63,3440,3441],{"class":452},"hello",[63,3443,456],{"class":448},[63,3445,102],{"class":73},[63,3447,3449],{"class":3448},"s39Yj"," None",[63,3451,3229],{"class":73},[63,3453,3454],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3455,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,3457,3458,3460,3462,3465,3467,3469,3471,3475,3478,3481,3484],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,3459,70],{"class":69},[63,3461,2583],{"class":73},[63,3463,3464],{"class":417},"bool",[63,3466,74],{"class":73},[63,3468,1786],{"class":181},[63,3470,3256],{"class":73},[63,3472,3474],{"class":3473},"sVHd0"," for",[63,3476,3477],{"class":181}," x ",[63,3479,3480],{"class":3473},"in",[63,3482,3483],{"class":181}," values",[63,3485,191],{"class":73},[20,3487,110],{},[54,3489,3491],{"className":56,"code":3490,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3492,3493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3494,3495,3498,3500,3502,3505,3507,3509,3511,3514,3516,3518],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3496,3497],{"class":73},"[",[63,3499,3196],{"class":3448},[63,3501,102],{"class":73},[63,3503,3504],{"class":3448}," False",[63,3506,102],{"class":73},[63,3508,3504],{"class":3448},[63,3510,102],{"class":73},[63,3512,3513],{"class":3448}," True",[63,3515,102],{"class":73},[63,3517,3504],{"class":3448},[63,3519,3229],{"class":73},[20,3521,3522,3523,3525],{},"This matters because ",[15,3524,3171],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[49,3527,3529],{"id":3528},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1193,3531,3533],{"id":3532},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[54,3535,3537],{"className":56,"code":3536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3538,3539,3559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3540,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549,3551,3553,3555,3557],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3542,3211],{"class":382},[63,3544,386],{"class":270},[63,3546,3216],{"class":73},[63,3548,674],{"class":82},[63,3550,102],{"class":73},[63,3552,105],{"class":82},[63,3554,102],{"class":73},[63,3556,518],{"class":82},[63,3558,3229],{"class":73},[63,3560,3561,3563,3565,3567,3569,3571],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3562,70],{"class":69},[63,3564,74],{"class":73},[63,3566,3310],{"class":69},[63,3568,74],{"class":73},[63,3570,3243],{"class":181},[63,3572,86],{"class":73},[20,3574,110],{},[54,3576,3578],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n",[15,3579,3580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3581,3582],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3583,3577],{"class":3448},[20,3585,3586,3587,2004,3589,307],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3588,3171],{},[15,3590,3196],{},[1193,3592,3594],{"id":3593},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[54,3596,3598],{"className":56,"code":3597,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3599,3600,3620],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3601,3602,3604,3606,3608,3610,3612,3614,3616,3618],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3603,3211],{"class":382},[63,3605,386],{"class":270},[63,3607,3216],{"class":73},[63,3609,674],{"class":82},[63,3611,102],{"class":73},[63,3613,3429],{"class":82},[63,3615,102],{"class":73},[63,3617,518],{"class":82},[63,3619,3229],{"class":73},[63,3621,3622,3624,3626,3628,3630,3632],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3623,70],{"class":69},[63,3625,74],{"class":73},[63,3627,3310],{"class":69},[63,3629,74],{"class":73},[63,3631,3243],{"class":181},[63,3633,86],{"class":73},[20,3635,110],{},[54,3637,3639],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\n",[15,3640,3641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3642,3643],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3644,3638],{"class":3448},[20,3646,3647,3648,3650,3651,2004,3653,307],{},"The value ",[15,3649,1734],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3652,3171],{},[15,3654,3269],{},[1193,3656,3658],{"id":3657},"example-strings","Example: strings",[54,3660,3662],{"className":56,"code":3661,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3663,3664,3700],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3665,3666,3669,3671,3673,3675,3678,3680,3682,3684,3687,3689,3691,3693,3696,3698],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3667,3668],{"class":382},"words ",[63,3670,386],{"class":270},[63,3672,3216],{"class":73},[63,3674,456],{"class":448},[63,3676,3677],{"class":452},"apple",[63,3679,456],{"class":448},[63,3681,102],{"class":73},[63,3683,449],{"class":448},[63,3685,3686],{"class":452},"banana",[63,3688,456],{"class":448},[63,3690,102],{"class":73},[63,3692,449],{"class":448},[63,3694,3695],{"class":452},"cherry",[63,3697,456],{"class":448},[63,3699,3229],{"class":73},[63,3701,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3713],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3703,70],{"class":69},[63,3705,74],{"class":73},[63,3707,3310],{"class":69},[63,3709,74],{"class":73},[63,3711,3712],{"class":181},"words",[63,3714,86],{"class":73},[20,3716,110],{},[54,3718,3719],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,3720,3721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3722,3723],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3724,3577],{"class":3448},[20,3726,3727],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3729,3730],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[54,3732,3734],{"className":56,"code":3733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3735,3736,3764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3737,3738,3740,3742,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752,3754,3756,3758,3760,3762],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3739,3668],{"class":382},[63,3741,386],{"class":270},[63,3743,3216],{"class":73},[63,3745,456],{"class":448},[63,3747,3677],{"class":452},[63,3749,456],{"class":448},[63,3751,102],{"class":73},[63,3753,3434],{"class":448},[63,3755,102],{"class":73},[63,3757,449],{"class":448},[63,3759,3695],{"class":452},[63,3761,456],{"class":448},[63,3763,3229],{"class":73},[63,3765,3766,3768,3770,3772,3774,3776],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3767,70],{"class":69},[63,3769,74],{"class":73},[63,3771,3310],{"class":69},[63,3773,74],{"class":73},[63,3775,3712],{"class":181},[63,3777,86],{"class":73},[20,3779,110],{},[54,3781,3782],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,3783,3784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3785,3786],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3787,3638],{"class":3448},[20,3789,3790,3791,3793],{},"The empty string ",[15,3792,3368],{}," is falsy.",[49,3795,3797,3798,3800],{"id":3796},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3799,3171],{}," works with conditions",[20,3802,3803,3805],{},[15,3804,3171],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3807,3808],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3810,3811],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[54,3813,3815],{"className":56,"code":3814,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3816,3817,3837,3865,3869],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3818,3819,3821,3823,3825,3827,3829,3831,3833,3835],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3820,3211],{"class":382},[63,3822,386],{"class":270},[63,3824,3216],{"class":73},[63,3826,674],{"class":82},[63,3828,102],{"class":73},[63,3830,105],{"class":82},[63,3832,102],{"class":73},[63,3834,518],{"class":82},[63,3836,3229],{"class":73},[63,3838,3839,3841,3843,3845,3847,3849,3852,3854,3856,3858,3860,3863],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3840,383],{"class":382},[63,3842,386],{"class":270},[63,3844,3238],{"class":69},[63,3846,74],{"class":73},[63,3848,2622],{"class":181},[63,3850,3851],{"class":270},">",[63,3853,3429],{"class":82},[63,3855,3474],{"class":3473},[63,3857,3477],{"class":181},[63,3859,3480],{"class":3473},[63,3861,3862],{"class":181}," numbers",[63,3864,397],{"class":73},[63,3866,3867],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,3868,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,3870,3871,3873,3875,3877],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,3872,70],{"class":69},[63,3874,74],{"class":73},[63,3876,406],{"class":181},[63,3878,397],{"class":73},[20,3880,110],{},[54,3882,3883],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,3884,3885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3886,3887],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3888,3577],{"class":3448},[20,3890,3891],{},"Here is one that fails:",[54,3893,3895],{"className":56,"code":3894,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3896,3897,3919,3945,3949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3898,3899,3901,3903,3905,3907,3909,3911,3913,3915,3917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3900,3211],{"class":382},[63,3902,386],{"class":270},[63,3904,3216],{"class":73},[63,3906,674],{"class":82},[63,3908,102],{"class":73},[63,3910,271],{"class":270},[63,3912,274],{"class":82},[63,3914,102],{"class":73},[63,3916,518],{"class":82},[63,3918,3229],{"class":73},[63,3920,3921,3923,3925,3927,3929,3931,3933,3935,3937,3939,3941,3943],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,3922,383],{"class":382},[63,3924,386],{"class":270},[63,3926,3238],{"class":69},[63,3928,74],{"class":73},[63,3930,2622],{"class":181},[63,3932,3851],{"class":270},[63,3934,3429],{"class":82},[63,3936,3474],{"class":3473},[63,3938,3477],{"class":181},[63,3940,3480],{"class":3473},[63,3942,3862],{"class":181},[63,3944,397],{"class":73},[63,3946,3947],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,3948,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,3950,3951,3953,3955,3957],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,3952,70],{"class":69},[63,3954,74],{"class":73},[63,3956,406],{"class":181},[63,3958,397],{"class":73},[20,3960,110],{},[54,3962,3963],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,3964,3965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3966,3967],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3968,3638],{"class":3448},[20,3970,3971,3972,3975,3976,3978,3979,2004,3981,307],{},"The expression ",[15,3973,3974],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3977,3196],{},", then ",[15,3980,3171],{},[15,3982,3196],{},[20,3984,3985],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3987,3988,3989,3993,3994,307],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[303,3990,3992],{"href":3991},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[303,3995,3997],{"href":3996},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[49,3999,4001],{"id":4000},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4003,4004,2004,4006,307],{},[15,4005,3193],{},[15,4007,3196],{},[20,4009,4010],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4012,1820],{},[54,4014,4016],{"className":56,"code":4015,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4017,4018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4019,4020,4022,4024,4026],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4021,70],{"class":69},[63,4023,74],{"class":73},[63,4025,3310],{"class":69},[63,4027,4028],{"class":73},"([]))\n",[20,4030,110],{},[54,4032,4033],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,4034,4035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4036,4037],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4038,3577],{"class":3448},[20,4040,4041],{},"Why?",[20,4043,4044],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4046,4047],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4049,4050,4057,4060],{},[33,4051,4052,2004,4054,4056],{},[15,4053,3171],{},[15,4055,3269],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4058,4059],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4061,4062,4063],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4064,3269],{},[20,4066,4067],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4069,4070],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[54,4072,4074],{"className":56,"code":4073,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4075,4076,4087],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4077,4078,4080,4082,4084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4079,70],{"class":69},[63,4081,74],{"class":73},[63,4083,3310],{"class":69},[63,4085,4086],{"class":73},"(()))\n",[63,4088,4089,4091,4093,4095,4097,4099],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4090,70],{"class":69},[63,4092,74],{"class":73},[63,4094,3310],{"class":69},[63,4096,74],{"class":73},[63,4098,3368],{"class":448},[63,4100,86],{"class":73},[20,4102,110],{},[54,4104,4106],{"className":56,"code":4105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4107,4108,4112],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4109,4110],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4111,3577],{"class":3448},[63,4113,4114],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4115,3577],{"class":3448},[49,4117,4119],{"id":4118},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1193,4121,4123],{"id":4122},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4125,4126],{},"This is wrong:",[54,4128,4130],{"className":56,"code":4129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4131,4132,4137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4133,4134],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4135,4136],{"class":1357},"# Wrong\n",[63,4138,4139],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4140,4141],{"class":1357},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4143,4144,4146],{},[15,4145,3171],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4148,4149],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[54,4151,4153],{"className":56,"code":4152,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4154,4155],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4156,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171,4173,4175],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4158,70],{"class":69},[63,4160,74],{"class":73},[63,4162,3310],{"class":69},[63,4164,2583],{"class":73},[63,4166,674],{"class":82},[63,4168,102],{"class":73},[63,4170,105],{"class":82},[63,4172,102],{"class":73},[63,4174,518],{"class":82},[63,4176,2596],{"class":73},[1193,4178,4180,4181,4183],{"id":4179},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4182,3171],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4185,4186],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[54,4188,4190],{"className":56,"code":4189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4191,4192,4213],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4193,4194,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4207,4209,4211],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4195,3211],{"class":382},[63,4197,386],{"class":270},[63,4199,3216],{"class":73},[63,4201,1750],{"class":82},[63,4203,102],{"class":73},[63,4205,4206],{"class":82}," 5",[63,4208,102],{"class":73},[63,4210,4206],{"class":82},[63,4212,3229],{"class":73},[63,4214,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4216,70],{"class":69},[63,4218,74],{"class":73},[63,4220,3310],{"class":69},[63,4222,74],{"class":73},[63,4224,3243],{"class":181},[63,4226,86],{"class":73},[20,4228,4229,4230,4232],{},"This does ",[833,4231,973],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4234,4235,4236,4238],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4237,1750],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[54,4240,4241],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,4242,4243],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4244,4245],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4246,3577],{"class":3448},[20,4248,4249],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[54,4251,4253],{"className":56,"code":4252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4254,4255,4275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4256,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4258,3211],{"class":382},[63,4260,386],{"class":270},[63,4262,3216],{"class":73},[63,4264,1750],{"class":82},[63,4266,102],{"class":73},[63,4268,4206],{"class":82},[63,4270,102],{"class":73},[63,4272,4206],{"class":82},[63,4274,3229],{"class":73},[63,4276,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298,4300],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4278,70],{"class":69},[63,4280,74],{"class":73},[63,4282,3310],{"class":69},[63,4284,74],{"class":73},[63,4286,2622],{"class":181},[63,4288,4289],{"class":270},"==",[63,4291,4206],{"class":82},[63,4293,3474],{"class":3473},[63,4295,3477],{"class":181},[63,4297,3480],{"class":3473},[63,4299,3862],{"class":181},[63,4301,86],{"class":73},[1193,4303,4305,4306,4308],{"id":4304},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4307,1734],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[54,4310,4312],{"className":56,"code":4311,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4313,4314,4340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4315,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4317,70],{"class":69},[63,4319,74],{"class":73},[63,4321,3310],{"class":69},[63,4323,2583],{"class":73},[63,4325,674],{"class":82},[63,4327,102],{"class":73},[63,4329,105],{"class":82},[63,4331,102],{"class":73},[63,4333,3429],{"class":82},[63,4335,4336],{"class":73},"]))",[63,4338,4339],{"class":1357},"       # False\n",[63,4341,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358,4360,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4343,70],{"class":69},[63,4345,74],{"class":73},[63,4347,3310],{"class":69},[63,4349,2583],{"class":73},[63,4351,456],{"class":448},[63,4353,303],{"class":452},[63,4355,456],{"class":448},[63,4357,102],{"class":73},[63,4359,449],{"class":448},[63,4361,4362],{"class":452},"b",[63,4364,456],{"class":448},[63,4366,102],{"class":73},[63,4368,3434],{"class":448},[63,4370,4336],{"class":73},[63,4372,4373],{"class":1357},"  # False\n",[20,4375,4376,4377,307],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4378,3269],{},[1193,4380,4382,4383,4385,4386],{"id":4381},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4384,3193],{}," is ",[15,4387,3196],{},[20,4389,4390],{},"This is expected behavior:",[54,4392,4394],{"className":56,"code":4393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4395,4396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4397,4398,4400,4402,4404,4407],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4399,70],{"class":69},[63,4401,74],{"class":73},[63,4403,3310],{"class":69},[63,4405,4406],{"class":73},"([]))",[63,4408,3259],{"class":1357},[20,4410,4411,4412,4414],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4413,3196],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4416,4417],{},"Useful quick tests:",[54,4419,4421],{"className":56,"code":4420,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4422,4423,4445,4467,4514,4550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4424,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4426,70],{"class":69},[63,4428,74],{"class":73},[63,4430,3310],{"class":69},[63,4432,2583],{"class":73},[63,4434,674],{"class":82},[63,4436,102],{"class":73},[63,4438,105],{"class":82},[63,4440,102],{"class":73},[63,4442,518],{"class":82},[63,4444,2596],{"class":73},[63,4446,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4448,70],{"class":69},[63,4450,74],{"class":73},[63,4452,3310],{"class":69},[63,4454,2583],{"class":73},[63,4456,674],{"class":82},[63,4458,102],{"class":73},[63,4460,3429],{"class":82},[63,4462,102],{"class":73},[63,4464,518],{"class":82},[63,4466,2596],{"class":73},[63,4468,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,4470,70],{"class":69},[63,4472,2583],{"class":73},[63,4474,3464],{"class":417},[63,4476,74],{"class":73},[63,4478,1786],{"class":181},[63,4480,3256],{"class":73},[63,4482,3474],{"class":3473},[63,4484,3477],{"class":181},[63,4486,3480],{"class":3473},[63,4488,3216],{"class":73},[63,4490,674],{"class":82},[63,4492,102],{"class":73},[63,4494,3429],{"class":82},[63,4496,102],{"class":73},[63,4498,3434],{"class":448},[63,4500,102],{"class":73},[63,4502,449],{"class":448},[63,4504,3441],{"class":452},[63,4506,456],{"class":448},[63,4508,102],{"class":73},[63,4510,3449],{"class":3448},[63,4512,4513],{"class":73},"]])\n",[63,4515,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4530,4532,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544,4546,4548],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,4517,70],{"class":69},[63,4519,74],{"class":73},[63,4521,3310],{"class":69},[63,4523,74],{"class":73},[63,4525,2622],{"class":181},[63,4527,3851],{"class":270},[63,4529,3429],{"class":82},[63,4531,3474],{"class":3473},[63,4533,3477],{"class":181},[63,4535,3480],{"class":3473},[63,4537,3216],{"class":73},[63,4539,674],{"class":82},[63,4541,102],{"class":73},[63,4543,105],{"class":82},[63,4545,102],{"class":73},[63,4547,518],{"class":82},[63,4549,2596],{"class":73},[63,4551,4552,4554,4556,4558],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,4553,70],{"class":69},[63,4555,74],{"class":73},[63,4557,3310],{"class":69},[63,4559,4028],{"class":73},[49,4561,1114,4563],{"id":4562},"when-to-use-all",[15,4564,3171],{},[20,4566,4567,4569],{},[15,4568,3171],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4571,4572],{},"Common use cases:",[30,4574,4575,4578,4581],{},[33,4576,4577],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,4579,4580],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,4582,4583],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4585,4586],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[54,4588,4590],{"className":56,"code":4589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4591,4592,4628],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4593,4594,4597,4599,4601,4603,4606,4608,4610,4612,4615,4617,4619,4621,4624,4626],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4595,4596],{"class":382},"names ",[63,4598,386],{"class":270},[63,4600,3216],{"class":73},[63,4602,456],{"class":448},[63,4604,4605],{"class":452},"Alice",[63,4607,456],{"class":448},[63,4609,102],{"class":73},[63,4611,449],{"class":448},[63,4613,4614],{"class":452},"Bob",[63,4616,456],{"class":448},[63,4618,102],{"class":73},[63,4620,449],{"class":448},[63,4622,4623],{"class":452},"Charlie",[63,4625,456],{"class":448},[63,4627,3229],{"class":73},[63,4629,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4641],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4631,70],{"class":69},[63,4633,74],{"class":73},[63,4635,3310],{"class":69},[63,4637,74],{"class":73},[63,4639,4640],{"class":181},"names",[63,4642,86],{"class":73},[20,4644,110],{},[54,4646,4647],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,4648,4649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4650,4651],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4652,3577],{"class":3448},[20,4654,4655],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[54,4657,4659],{"className":56,"code":4658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4660,4661,4685],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4662,4663,4666,4668,4670,4673,4675,4678,4680,4683],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4664,4665],{"class":382},"scores ",[63,4667,386],{"class":270},[63,4669,3216],{"class":73},[63,4671,4672],{"class":82},"75",[63,4674,102],{"class":73},[63,4676,4677],{"class":82}," 80",[63,4679,102],{"class":73},[63,4681,4682],{"class":82}," 50",[63,4684,3229],{"class":73},[63,4686,4687,4689,4691,4693,4695,4698,4701,4703,4705,4708,4710,4713],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4688,70],{"class":69},[63,4690,74],{"class":73},[63,4692,3310],{"class":69},[63,4694,74],{"class":73},[63,4696,4697],{"class":181},"score ",[63,4699,4700],{"class":270},">=",[63,4702,4682],{"class":82},[63,4704,3474],{"class":3473},[63,4706,4707],{"class":181}," score ",[63,4709,3480],{"class":3473},[63,4711,4712],{"class":181}," scores",[63,4714,86],{"class":73},[20,4716,110],{},[54,4718,4719],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,4720,4721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4722,4723],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4724,3577],{"class":3448},[20,4726,4727],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4729,4730,4731,3993,4735,307],{},"For related tasks, see ",[303,4732,4734],{"href":4733},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[303,4736,4738],{"href":4737},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[49,4740,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,4742,4744,4745,4747],{"id":4743},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4746,3171],{}," return in Python?",[20,4749,4750,4751,4753,4754,4756],{},"It returns ",[15,4752,3196],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4755,3269],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1193,4758,4760,4761,4763,4764,1506],{"id":4759},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4762,3193],{}," return ",[15,4765,3196],{},[20,4767,4768],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1193,4770,1482,4772,4774],{"id":4771},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4773,3171],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4776,4777],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1193,4779,4781,4782,3993,4784,1506],{"id":4780},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4783,3171],{},[15,4785,4786],{},"any()",[20,4788,4789,4791,4792,4794,4795,307],{},[15,4790,3171],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4793,4786],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[303,4796,13,4798,469],{"href":4797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4799,4786],{},[49,4801,1517],{"id":1516},[30,4803,4804,4810,4814,4819,4824,4829],{},[33,4805,4806],{},[303,4807,13,4808,469],{"href":4797},[15,4809,4786],{},[33,4811,4812],{},[303,4813,3402],{"href":3401},[33,4815,4816],{},[303,4817,4818],{"href":4737},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,4820,4821],{},[303,4822,4823],{"href":4733},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,4825,4826],{},[303,4827,4828],{"href":3991},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,4830,4831],{},[303,4832,4833],{"href":3996},"What is an iterable in Python",[1542,4835,4836],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":4838},[4839,4840,4842,4843,4848,4850,4851,4860,4862,4872],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":3272,"depth":89,"text":4841},"What all() does",{"id":3323,"depth":89,"text":3324},{"id":3528,"depth":89,"text":3529,"children":4844},[4845,4846,4847],{"id":3532,"depth":254,"text":3533},{"id":3593,"depth":254,"text":3594},{"id":3657,"depth":254,"text":3658},{"id":3796,"depth":89,"text":4849},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4000,"depth":89,"text":4001},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":4852},[4853,4854,4856,4858],{"id":4122,"depth":254,"text":4123},{"id":4179,"depth":254,"text":4855},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4304,"depth":254,"text":4857},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4381,"depth":254,"text":4859},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4562,"depth":89,"text":4861},"When to use all()",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":4863},[4864,4866,4868,4870],{"id":4743,"depth":254,"text":4865},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4759,"depth":254,"text":4867},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4771,"depth":254,"text":4869},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4780,"depth":254,"text":4871},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3163,"description":4873},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4880,"title":4881,"body":4882,"description":6572,"extension":1580,"meta":6573,"navigation":579,"path":4797,"seo":6574,"stem":6575,"__hash__":6576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4883,"toc":6550},[4884,4887,4895,4898,4915,4923,4967,4976,4980,4985,4988,5005,5008,5019,5031,5035,5038,5053,5058,5061,5073,5075,5159,5162,5183,5189,5191,5199,5213,5215,5249,5251,5254,5315,5317,5334,5337,5364,5366,5374,5386,5390,5393,5432,5434,5442,5444,5460,5468,5471,5514,5516,5524,5529,5533,5541,5544,5571,5574,5577,5651,5653,5661,5668,5692,5703,5706,5785,5787,5795,5802,5806,5811,5826,5828,5836,5839,5845,5848,5894,5896,5913,5917,5921,5932,5935,6050,6053,6112,6118,6120,6125,6129,6131,6150,6156,6159,6178,6182,6191,6218,6220,6228,6236,6240,6246,6269,6271,6279,6286,6290,6293,6344,6347,6398,6401,6403,6407,6414,6418,6425,6429,6437,6441,6444,6466,6468,6518,6520,6547],[10,4885,4881],{"id":4886},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4888,4889,4891,4892,307],{},[15,4890,4786],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[833,4893,4894],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4896,4897],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,4899,4900,4903,4906,4909,4912],{},[33,4901,4902],{},"lists",[33,4904,4905],{},"tuples",[33,4907,4908],{},"sets",[33,4910,4911],{},"strings",[33,4913,4914],{},"generator expressions",[20,4916,4917,4918,632,4920,4922],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4919,3196],{},[15,4921,3269],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[54,4924,4926],{"className":56,"code":4925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4927,4928,4948],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4929,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940,4942,4944,4946],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4931,3418],{"class":382},[63,4933,386],{"class":270},[63,4935,3216],{"class":73},[63,4937,1734],{"class":82},[63,4939,102],{"class":73},[63,4941,3434],{"class":448},[63,4943,102],{"class":73},[63,4945,4206],{"class":82},[63,4947,3229],{"class":73},[63,4949,4950,4952,4954,4957,4959,4962,4965],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,4951,70],{"class":69},[63,4953,74],{"class":73},[63,4955,4956],{"class":69},"any",[63,4958,74],{"class":73},[63,4960,4961],{"class":181},"values",[63,4963,4964],{"class":73},"))",[63,4966,3259],{"class":1357},[20,4968,128,4969,4972,4973,4975],{},[15,4970,4971],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4974,3196],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[49,4977,4979],{"id":4978},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4981,4982,4984],{},[15,4983,4786],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4986,4987],{},"It returns:",[30,4989,4990,4995,5000],{},[33,4991,4992,4994],{},[15,4993,3196],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,4996,4997,4999],{},[15,4998,3269],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,5001,5002,5004],{},[15,5003,3269],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5006,5007],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,5009,5010,5013,5016],{},[33,5011,5012],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5014,5015],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5017,5018],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5020,5021,5022,5025,5026,307],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[833,5023,5024],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[303,5027,5029],{"href":5028},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5030,3171],{},[49,5032,5034],{"id":5033},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5036,5037],{},"The syntax is simple:",[54,5039,5041],{"className":56,"code":5040,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5042,5043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5044,5045,5047,5049,5051],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5046,4956],{"class":69},[63,5048,74],{"class":73},[63,5050,3315],{"class":181},[63,5052,397],{"class":73},[20,5054,5055,5056,307],{},"The argument must be an ",[833,5057,3315],{},[20,5059,5060],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5062,5063,5065,5067,5069,5071],{},[33,5064,4902],{},[33,5066,4905],{},[33,5068,4908],{},[33,5070,4911],{},[33,5072,4914],{},[20,5074,777],{},[54,5076,5078],{"className":56,"code":5077,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5079,5080,5102,5121,5141],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5081,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5083,70],{"class":69},[63,5085,74],{"class":73},[63,5087,4956],{"class":69},[63,5089,2583],{"class":73},[63,5091,1734],{"class":82},[63,5093,102],{"class":73},[63,5095,3429],{"class":82},[63,5097,102],{"class":73},[63,5099,249],{"class":82},[63,5101,2596],{"class":73},[63,5103,5104,5106,5108,5110,5113,5115,5117,5119],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5105,70],{"class":69},[63,5107,74],{"class":73},[63,5109,4956],{"class":69},[63,5111,5112],{"class":73},"((",[63,5114,3269],{"class":3448},[63,5116,102],{"class":73},[63,5118,3504],{"class":3448},[63,5120,2510],{"class":73},[63,5122,5123,5125,5127,5129,5132,5134,5136,5138],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5124,70],{"class":69},[63,5126,74],{"class":73},[63,5128,4956],{"class":69},[63,5130,5131],{"class":73},"({",[63,5133,1734],{"class":82},[63,5135,102],{"class":73},[63,5137,105],{"class":82},[63,5139,5140],{"class":73},"}))\n",[63,5142,5143,5145,5147,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,5144,70],{"class":69},[63,5146,74],{"class":73},[63,5148,4956],{"class":69},[63,5150,74],{"class":73},[63,5152,2455],{"class":448},[63,5154,3441],{"class":452},[63,5156,2455],{"class":448},[63,5158,86],{"class":73},[20,5160,5161],{},"Expected output:",[54,5163,5165],{"className":56,"code":5164,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5166,5167,5171,5175,5179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5168,5169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5170,3577],{"class":3448},[63,5172,5173],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5174,3638],{"class":3448},[63,5176,5177],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5178,3577],{"class":3448},[63,5180,5181],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,5182,3577],{"class":3448},[20,5184,5185,5186,307],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[303,5187,4738],{"href":5188},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[49,5190,3324],{"id":3323},[20,5192,3327,5193,632,5196,3332],{},[833,5194,5195],{},"truthy",[833,5197,5198],{},"falsy",[30,5200,5201,5207],{},[33,5202,5203,3340,5205],{},[833,5204,3339],{},[15,5206,3196],{},[33,5208,5209,3340,5211],{},[833,5210,3347],{},[15,5212,3269],{},[20,5214,3352],{},[30,5216,5217,5221,5225,5229,5233,5237,5241,5245],{},[33,5218,5219],{},[15,5220,3269],{},[33,5222,5223],{},[15,5224,1734],{},[33,5226,5227],{},[15,5228,3363],{},[33,5230,5231],{},[15,5232,3368],{},[33,5234,5235],{},[15,5236,3382],{},[33,5238,5239],{},[15,5240,3387],{},[33,5242,5243],{},[15,5244,3392],{},[33,5246,5247],{},[15,5248,3373],{},[20,5250,3395],{},[20,5252,5253],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[54,5255,5257],{"className":56,"code":5256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5258,5259,5273,5291],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5260,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5262,70],{"class":69},[63,5264,74],{"class":73},[63,5266,4956],{"class":69},[63,5268,2583],{"class":73},[63,5270,674],{"class":82},[63,5272,2596],{"class":73},[63,5274,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285,5287,5289],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5276,70],{"class":69},[63,5278,74],{"class":73},[63,5280,4956],{"class":69},[63,5282,2583],{"class":73},[63,5284,456],{"class":448},[63,5286,3441],{"class":452},[63,5288,456],{"class":448},[63,5290,2596],{"class":73},[63,5292,5293,5295,5297,5299,5302,5304,5306,5308,5310,5312],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5294,70],{"class":69},[63,5296,74],{"class":73},[63,5298,4956],{"class":69},[63,5300,5301],{"class":73},"([[",[63,5303,674],{"class":82},[63,5305,102],{"class":73},[63,5307,105],{"class":82},[63,5309,102],{"class":73},[63,5311,518],{"class":82},[63,5313,5314],{"class":73},"]]))\n",[20,5316,5161],{},[54,5318,5320],{"className":56,"code":5319,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5321,5322,5326,5330],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5323,5324],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5325,3577],{"class":3448},[63,5327,5328],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5329,3577],{"class":3448},[63,5331,5332],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5333,3577],{"class":3448},[20,5335,5336],{},"And these are all falsy:",[54,5338,5340],{"className":56,"code":5339,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5341,5342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5343,5344,5346,5348,5350,5352,5354,5356,5358,5360,5362],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5345,70],{"class":69},[63,5347,74],{"class":73},[63,5349,4956],{"class":69},[63,5351,2583],{"class":73},[63,5353,1734],{"class":82},[63,5355,102],{"class":73},[63,5357,3434],{"class":448},[63,5359,102],{"class":73},[63,5361,3449],{"class":3448},[63,5363,2596],{"class":73},[20,5365,5161],{},[54,5367,5368],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,5369,5370],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5371,5372],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5373,3638],{"class":3448},[20,5375,5376,5377,3993,5380,307],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[303,5378,3402],{"href":5379},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[303,5381,5383,5385],{"href":5382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5384,3408],{}," explained",[49,5387,5389],{"id":5388},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5391,5392],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[54,5394,5396],{"className":56,"code":5395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5397,5398,5418],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5399,5400,5402,5404,5406,5408,5410,5412,5414,5416],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5401,3418],{"class":382},[63,5403,386],{"class":270},[63,5405,3216],{"class":73},[63,5407,1734],{"class":82},[63,5409,102],{"class":73},[63,5411,3434],{"class":448},[63,5413,102],{"class":73},[63,5415,4206],{"class":82},[63,5417,3229],{"class":73},[63,5419,5420,5422,5424,5426,5428,5430],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5421,70],{"class":69},[63,5423,74],{"class":73},[63,5425,4956],{"class":69},[63,5427,74],{"class":73},[63,5429,4961],{"class":181},[63,5431,86],{"class":73},[20,5433,110],{},[54,5435,5436],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,5437,5438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5439,5440],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5441,3577],{"class":3448},[20,5443,4041],{},[30,5445,5446,5451,5455],{},[33,5447,5448,5450],{},[15,5449,1734],{}," is falsy",[33,5452,5453,5450],{},[15,5454,3368],{},[33,5456,5457,5459],{},[15,5458,1750],{}," is truthy",[20,5461,5462,5463,2004,5466,307],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5464,5465],{},"any(values)",[15,5467,3196],{},[20,5469,5470],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[54,5472,5474],{"className":56,"code":5473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5475,5476,5500],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5477,5478,5480,5482,5484,5486,5488,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5479,3418],{"class":382},[63,5481,386],{"class":270},[63,5483,3216],{"class":73},[63,5485,1734],{"class":82},[63,5487,102],{"class":73},[63,5489,3434],{"class":448},[63,5491,102],{"class":73},[63,5493,3449],{"class":3448},[63,5495,102],{"class":73},[63,5497,3504],{"class":3448},[63,5499,3229],{"class":73},[63,5501,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510,5512],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5503,70],{"class":69},[63,5505,74],{"class":73},[63,5507,4956],{"class":69},[63,5509,74],{"class":73},[63,5511,4961],{"class":181},[63,5513,86],{"class":73},[20,5515,110],{},[54,5517,5518],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,5519,5520],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5521,5522],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5523,3638],{"class":3448},[20,5525,5526,5527,307],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5528,3269],{},[49,5530,5532],{"id":5531},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5534,5535,5537,5538,307],{},[15,5536,4786],{}," is often used with a ",[833,5539,5540],{},"generator expression",[20,5542,5543],{},"This is a common pattern:",[54,5545,5547],{"className":56,"code":5546,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5548,5549],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5550,5551,5553,5555,5558,5561,5564,5566,5569],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5552,4956],{"class":69},[63,5554,74],{"class":73},[63,5556,5557],{"class":181},"condition ",[63,5559,5560],{"class":3473},"for",[63,5562,5563],{"class":181}," item ",[63,5565,3480],{"class":3473},[63,5567,5568],{"class":181}," items",[63,5570,397],{"class":73},[20,5572,5573],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5575,5576],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[54,5578,5580],{"className":56,"code":5579,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5581,5582,5610,5614,5641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5583,5584,5586,5588,5590,5592,5594,5597,5599,5601,5603,5605,5608],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5585,3211],{"class":382},[63,5587,386],{"class":270},[63,5589,3216],{"class":73},[63,5591,952],{"class":82},[63,5593,102],{"class":73},[63,5595,5596],{"class":82}," 7",[63,5598,102],{"class":73},[63,5600,271],{"class":270},[63,5602,274],{"class":82},[63,5604,102],{"class":73},[63,5606,5607],{"class":82}," 10",[63,5609,3229],{"class":73},[63,5611,5612],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5613,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,5615,5616,5618,5620,5623,5625,5627,5629,5631,5633,5635,5637,5639],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5617,383],{"class":382},[63,5619,386],{"class":270},[63,5621,5622],{"class":69}," any",[63,5624,74],{"class":73},[63,5626,2622],{"class":181},[63,5628,441],{"class":270},[63,5630,3429],{"class":82},[63,5632,3474],{"class":3473},[63,5634,3477],{"class":181},[63,5636,3480],{"class":3473},[63,5638,3862],{"class":181},[63,5640,397],{"class":73},[63,5642,5643,5645,5647,5649],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,5644,70],{"class":69},[63,5646,74],{"class":73},[63,5648,406],{"class":181},[63,5650,397],{"class":73},[20,5652,110],{},[54,5654,5655],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,5656,5657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5658,5659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5660,3577],{"class":3448},[20,5662,5663,5664,5667],{},"This works because ",[15,5665,5666],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,5669,5670,5678,5685],{},[33,5671,5672,5675,5676],{},[15,5673,5674],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5677,3269],{},[33,5679,5680,5675,5683],{},[15,5681,5682],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5684,3269],{},[33,5686,5687,5675,5690],{},[15,5688,5689],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5691,3196],{},[20,5693,5694,5695,5697,5698,5700,5701,307],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5696,3196],{}," result, ",[15,5699,4786],{}," can return ",[15,5702,3196],{},[20,5704,5705],{},"Here is another example:",[54,5707,5709],{"className":56,"code":5708,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5710,5711,5740,5744,5774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5712,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725,5727,5730,5732,5734,5736,5738],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5714,3668],{"class":382},[63,5716,386],{"class":270},[63,5718,3216],{"class":73},[63,5720,2455],{"class":448},[63,5722,3677],{"class":452},[63,5724,2455],{"class":448},[63,5726,102],{"class":73},[63,5728,5729],{"class":448}," \"\"",[63,5731,102],{"class":73},[63,5733,1375],{"class":448},[63,5735,3686],{"class":452},[63,5737,2455],{"class":448},[63,5739,3229],{"class":73},[63,5741,5742],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5743,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,5745,5746,5749,5751,5753,5755,5758,5760,5762,5764,5767,5769,5772],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5747,5748],{"class":382},"has_empty_string ",[63,5750,386],{"class":270},[63,5752,5622],{"class":69},[63,5754,74],{"class":73},[63,5756,5757],{"class":181},"word ",[63,5759,4289],{"class":270},[63,5761,5729],{"class":448},[63,5763,3474],{"class":3473},[63,5765,5766],{"class":181}," word ",[63,5768,3480],{"class":3473},[63,5770,5771],{"class":181}," words",[63,5773,397],{"class":73},[63,5775,5776,5778,5780,5783],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,5777,70],{"class":69},[63,5779,74],{"class":73},[63,5781,5782],{"class":181},"has_empty_string",[63,5784,397],{"class":73},[20,5786,110],{},[54,5788,5789],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,5790,5791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5792,5793],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5794,3577],{"class":3448},[20,5796,5797,5798,307],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[303,5799,5801],{"href":5800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[49,5803,5805],{"id":5804},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5807,5808,5809,2482],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5810,3269],{},[54,5812,5814],{"className":56,"code":5813,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5815,5816],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5817,5818,5820,5822,5824],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5819,70],{"class":69},[63,5821,74],{"class":73},[63,5823,4956],{"class":69},[63,5825,4028],{"class":73},[20,5827,110],{},[54,5829,5830],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,5831,5832],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5833,5834],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5835,3638],{"class":3448},[20,5837,5838],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5840,5841,5842,5844],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5843,4786],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5846,5847],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[54,5849,5851],{"className":56,"code":5850,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5852,5853,5863,5878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5854,5855,5857,5859,5861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5856,70],{"class":69},[63,5858,74],{"class":73},[63,5860,4956],{"class":69},[63,5862,4086],{"class":73},[63,5864,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5876],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5866,70],{"class":69},[63,5868,74],{"class":73},[63,5870,4956],{"class":69},[63,5872,74],{"class":73},[63,5874,5875],{"class":448},"\"\"",[63,5877,86],{"class":73},[63,5879,5880,5882,5884,5886,5888,5891],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5881,70],{"class":69},[63,5883,74],{"class":73},[63,5885,4956],{"class":69},[63,5887,74],{"class":73},[63,5889,5890],{"class":417},"set",[63,5892,5893],{"class":73},"()))\n",[20,5895,110],{},[54,5897,5899],{"className":56,"code":5898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5900,5901,5905,5909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5902,5903],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5904,3638],{"class":3448},[63,5906,5907],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5908,3638],{"class":3448},[63,5910,5911],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5912,3638],{"class":3448},[49,5914,5916],{"id":5915},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5918,128,5919,1121],{},[15,5920,4786],{},[30,5922,5923,5926,5929],{},[33,5924,5925],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,5927,5928],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,5930,5931],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5933,5934],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[54,5936,5938],{"className":56,"code":5937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5939,5940,5965,5969,5979,5983,5997,6016,6027,6033,6038],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5941,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950,5952,5954,5956,5958,5960,5963],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5943,3211],{"class":382},[63,5945,386],{"class":270},[63,5947,3216],{"class":73},[63,5949,674],{"class":82},[63,5951,102],{"class":73},[63,5953,518],{"class":82},[63,5955,102],{"class":73},[63,5957,4206],{"class":82},[63,5959,102],{"class":73},[63,5961,5962],{"class":82}," 8",[63,5964,3229],{"class":73},[63,5966,5967],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,5968,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,5970,5971,5974,5976],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,5972,5973],{"class":382},"found_even ",[63,5975,386],{"class":270},[63,5977,5978],{"class":3448}," False\n",[63,5980,5981],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,5982,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,5984,5985,5987,5990,5992,5994],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,5986,5560],{"class":3473},[63,5988,5989],{"class":382}," number ",[63,5991,3480],{"class":3473},[63,5993,3862],{"class":382},[63,5995,5996],{"class":73},":\n",[63,5998,5999,6002,6004,6007,6009,6012,6014],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,6000,6001],{"class":3473},"    if",[63,6003,5989],{"class":382},[63,6005,6006],{"class":270},"%",[63,6008,105],{"class":82},[63,6010,6011],{"class":270}," ==",[63,6013,3429],{"class":82},[63,6015,5996],{"class":73},[63,6017,6019,6022,6024],{"class":65,"line":6018},7,[63,6020,6021],{"class":382},"        found_even ",[63,6023,386],{"class":270},[63,6025,6026],{"class":3448}," True\n",[63,6028,6030],{"class":65,"line":6029},8,[63,6031,6032],{"class":3473},"        break\n",[63,6034,6036],{"class":65,"line":6035},9,[63,6037,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,6039,6041,6043,6045,6048],{"class":65,"line":6040},10,[63,6042,70],{"class":69},[63,6044,74],{"class":73},[63,6046,6047],{"class":181},"found_even",[63,6049,397],{"class":73},[20,6051,6052],{},"You can write:",[54,6054,6056],{"className":56,"code":6055,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6057,6058,6082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6059,6060,6062,6064,6066,6068,6070,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6061,3211],{"class":382},[63,6063,386],{"class":270},[63,6065,3216],{"class":73},[63,6067,674],{"class":82},[63,6069,102],{"class":73},[63,6071,518],{"class":82},[63,6073,102],{"class":73},[63,6075,4206],{"class":82},[63,6077,102],{"class":73},[63,6079,5962],{"class":82},[63,6081,3229],{"class":73},[63,6083,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,6085,70],{"class":69},[63,6087,74],{"class":73},[63,6089,4956],{"class":69},[63,6091,74],{"class":73},[63,6093,1386],{"class":181},[63,6095,6006],{"class":270},[63,6097,105],{"class":82},[63,6099,6011],{"class":270},[63,6101,3429],{"class":82},[63,6103,3474],{"class":3473},[63,6105,5989],{"class":181},[63,6107,3480],{"class":3473},[63,6109,3862],{"class":181},[63,6111,86],{"class":73},[20,6113,6114,6115,6117],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6116,4786],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[49,6119,4119],{"id":4118},[20,6121,6122,6123,307],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6124,4786],{},[1193,6126,6128],{"id":6127},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6130,4126],{},[54,6132,6134],{"className":56,"code":6133,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6135,6136],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6137,6138,6140,6142,6144,6146,6148],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6139,70],{"class":69},[63,6141,74],{"class":73},[63,6143,4956],{"class":69},[63,6145,74],{"class":73},[63,6147,1750],{"class":82},[63,6149,86],{"class":73},[20,6151,6152,6153,6155],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6154,1750],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6157,6158],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[54,6160,6162],{"className":56,"code":6161,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6163,6164],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6165,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6167,70],{"class":69},[63,6169,74],{"class":73},[63,6171,4956],{"class":69},[63,6173,2583],{"class":73},[63,6175,1750],{"class":82},[63,6177,2596],{"class":73},[1193,6179,6181],{"id":6180},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6183,6184,6186,6187,6190],{},[15,6185,4786],{}," needs only ",[833,6188,6189],{},"one"," truthy item.",[54,6192,6194],{"className":56,"code":6193,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6195,6196],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6197,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6214,6216],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6199,70],{"class":69},[63,6201,74],{"class":73},[63,6203,4956],{"class":69},[63,6205,2583],{"class":73},[63,6207,3269],{"class":3448},[63,6209,102],{"class":73},[63,6211,3504],{"class":3448},[63,6213,102],{"class":73},[63,6215,3513],{"class":3448},[63,6217,2596],{"class":73},[20,6219,110],{},[54,6221,6222],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,6223,6224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6225,6226],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6227,3577],{"class":3448},[20,6229,6230,6231,6235],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[303,6232,6233],{"href":5028},[15,6234,3171],{}," instead.",[1193,6237,6239],{"id":6238},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6241,6242,6243,307],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6244,6245],{},"\"True\"",[54,6247,6249],{"className":56,"code":6248,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6250,6251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6252,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6254,70],{"class":69},[63,6256,74],{"class":73},[63,6258,4956],{"class":69},[63,6260,2583],{"class":73},[63,6262,2455],{"class":448},[63,6264,3269],{"class":452},[63,6266,2455],{"class":448},[63,6268,2596],{"class":73},[20,6270,110],{},[54,6272,6273],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,6274,6275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6276,6277],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6278,3577],{"class":3448},[20,6280,6281,6282,6285],{},"That is because ",[15,6283,6284],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1193,6287,6289],{"id":6288},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6291,6292],{},"This works:",[54,6294,6296],{"className":56,"code":6295,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6297,6298,6318],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6299,6300,6302,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6301,3211],{"class":382},[63,6303,386],{"class":270},[63,6305,3216],{"class":73},[63,6307,674],{"class":82},[63,6309,102],{"class":73},[63,6311,105],{"class":82},[63,6313,102],{"class":73},[63,6315,518],{"class":82},[63,6317,3229],{"class":73},[63,6319,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328,6330,6332,6334,6336,6338,6340,6342],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,6321,70],{"class":69},[63,6323,74],{"class":73},[63,6325,4956],{"class":69},[63,6327,2583],{"class":73},[63,6329,2622],{"class":181},[63,6331,3851],{"class":270},[63,6333,105],{"class":82},[63,6335,3474],{"class":3473},[63,6337,3477],{"class":181},[63,6339,3480],{"class":3473},[63,6341,3862],{"class":181},[63,6343,2596],{"class":73},[20,6345,6346],{},"But this is usually better:",[54,6348,6350],{"className":56,"code":6349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6351,6352,6372],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6353,6354,6356,6358,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6355,3211],{"class":382},[63,6357,386],{"class":270},[63,6359,3216],{"class":73},[63,6361,674],{"class":82},[63,6363,102],{"class":73},[63,6365,105],{"class":82},[63,6367,102],{"class":73},[63,6369,518],{"class":82},[63,6371,3229],{"class":73},[63,6373,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382,6384,6386,6388,6390,6392,6394,6396],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,6375,70],{"class":69},[63,6377,74],{"class":73},[63,6379,4956],{"class":69},[63,6381,74],{"class":73},[63,6383,2622],{"class":181},[63,6385,3851],{"class":270},[63,6387,105],{"class":82},[63,6389,3474],{"class":3473},[63,6391,3477],{"class":181},[63,6393,3480],{"class":3473},[63,6395,3862],{"class":181},[63,6397,86],{"class":73},[20,6399,6400],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[49,6402,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,6404,6406],{"id":6405},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6408,4750,6409,6411,6412,307],{},[15,6410,3196],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6413,3269],{},[1193,6415,6417],{"id":6416},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6419,6420,2004,6422,6424],{},[15,6421,4786],{},[15,6423,3269],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1193,6426,6428],{"id":6427},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6430,6431,6433,6434,6436],{},[15,6432,4786],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6435,3171],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1193,6438,6440],{"id":6439},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6442,6443],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[54,6445,6446],{"className":56,"code":5546,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,6447,6448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6449,6450,6452,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6451,4956],{"class":69},[63,6453,74],{"class":73},[63,6455,5557],{"class":181},[63,6457,5560],{"class":3473},[63,6459,5563],{"class":181},[63,6461,3480],{"class":3473},[63,6463,5568],{"class":181},[63,6465,397],{"class":73},[20,6467,777],{},[54,6469,6470],{"className":56,"code":6349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,6471,6472,6492],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6473,6474,6476,6478,6480,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6475,3211],{"class":382},[63,6477,386],{"class":270},[63,6479,3216],{"class":73},[63,6481,674],{"class":82},[63,6483,102],{"class":73},[63,6485,105],{"class":82},[63,6487,102],{"class":73},[63,6489,518],{"class":82},[63,6491,3229],{"class":73},[63,6493,6494,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,6495,70],{"class":69},[63,6497,74],{"class":73},[63,6499,4956],{"class":69},[63,6501,74],{"class":73},[63,6503,2622],{"class":181},[63,6505,3851],{"class":270},[63,6507,105],{"class":82},[63,6509,3474],{"class":3473},[63,6511,3477],{"class":181},[63,6513,3480],{"class":3473},[63,6515,3862],{"class":181},[63,6517,86],{"class":73},[49,6519,1517],{"id":1516},[30,6521,6522,6528,6532,6536,6541],{},[33,6523,6524],{},[303,6525,6526,469],{"href":5028},[15,6527,3171],{},[33,6529,6530],{},[303,6531,3402],{"href":5379},[33,6533,6534],{},[303,6535,4818],{"href":5188},[33,6537,6538],{},[303,6539,6540],{"href":5800},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6542,6543],{},[303,6544,6545,469],{"href":5382},[15,6546,3408],{},[1542,6548,6549],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":6551},[6552,6553,6554,6555,6556,6557,6558,6559,6565,6571],{"id":4978,"depth":89,"text":4979},{"id":5033,"depth":89,"text":5034},{"id":3323,"depth":89,"text":3324},{"id":5388,"depth":89,"text":5389},{"id":5531,"depth":89,"text":5532},{"id":5804,"depth":89,"text":5805},{"id":5915,"depth":89,"text":5916},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":6560},[6561,6562,6563,6564],{"id":6127,"depth":254,"text":6128},{"id":6180,"depth":254,"text":6181},{"id":6238,"depth":254,"text":6239},{"id":6288,"depth":254,"text":6289},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":6566},[6567,6568,6569,6570],{"id":6405,"depth":254,"text":6406},{"id":6416,"depth":254,"text":6417},{"id":6427,"depth":254,"text":6428},{"id":6439,"depth":254,"text":6440},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4881,"description":6572},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6578,"title":6579,"body":6580,"description":8714,"extension":1580,"meta":8715,"navigation":579,"path":8716,"seo":8717,"stem":8718,"__hash__":8719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6581,"toc":8677},[6582,6585,6594,6604,6606,6703,6705,6734,6750,6754,6759,6762,6772,6778,6784,6800,6802,6810,6817,6821,6824,6839,6844,6862,6867,6869,6917,6919,6936,6940,6946,6949,6984,6986,7092,7094,7131,7135,7143,7145,7165,7167,7288,7290,7319,7322,7345,7347,7355,7363,7367,7373,7377,7420,7422,7430,7433,7461,7463,7471,7475,7504,7506,7514,7546,7548,7556,7560,7611,7613,7621,7629,7633,7636,7689,7691,7712,7719,7723,7729,7732,7740,7762,7764,7772,7780,7803,7805,7813,7818,7823,7835,7837,7878,7889,7893,7902,7905,7908,7967,7970,8022,8025,8030,8046,8052,8054,8059,8067,8070,8092,8094,8102,8107,8110,8145,8147,8155,8159,8164,8202,8214,8217,8272,8280,8284,8287,8309,8318,8321,8362,8364,8387,8393,8399,8414,8416,8436,8439,8458,8460,8479,8483,8489,8568,8571,8585,8592,8594,8598,8605,8609,8613,8617,8622,8626,8631,8635,8642,8644,8674],[10,6583,6579],{"id":6584},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6586,1597,6587,6589,6590,632,6592,307],{},[15,6588,3408],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6591,3196],{},[15,6593,3269],{},[20,6595,6596,6597,6599,6600,6603],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6598,3408],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6601,6602],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[49,6605,3201],{"id":3200},[54,6607,6609],{"className":56,"code":6608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6610,6611,6625,6639,6653,6671,6681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6612,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6614,70],{"class":69},[63,6616,74],{"class":73},[63,6618,3464],{"class":417},[63,6620,74],{"class":73},[63,6622,1734],{"class":82},[63,6624,86],{"class":73},[63,6626,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635,6637],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,6628,70],{"class":69},[63,6630,74],{"class":73},[63,6632,3464],{"class":417},[63,6634,74],{"class":73},[63,6636,674],{"class":82},[63,6638,86],{"class":73},[63,6640,6641,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,6642,70],{"class":69},[63,6644,74],{"class":73},[63,6646,3464],{"class":417},[63,6648,74],{"class":73},[63,6650,5875],{"class":448},[63,6652,86],{"class":73},[63,6654,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,6656,70],{"class":69},[63,6658,74],{"class":73},[63,6660,3464],{"class":417},[63,6662,74],{"class":73},[63,6664,2455],{"class":448},[63,6666,3441],{"class":452},[63,6668,2455],{"class":448},[63,6670,86],{"class":73},[63,6672,6673,6675,6677,6679],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,6674,70],{"class":69},[63,6676,74],{"class":73},[63,6678,3464],{"class":417},[63,6680,4028],{"class":73},[63,6682,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697,6699,6701],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,6684,70],{"class":69},[63,6686,74],{"class":73},[63,6688,3464],{"class":417},[63,6690,2583],{"class":73},[63,6692,674],{"class":82},[63,6694,102],{"class":73},[63,6696,105],{"class":82},[63,6698,102],{"class":73},[63,6700,518],{"class":82},[63,6702,2596],{"class":73},[20,6704,5161],{},[54,6706,6708],{"className":56,"code":6707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6709,6710,6714,6718,6722,6726,6730],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6711,6712],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6713,3638],{"class":3448},[63,6715,6716],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,6717,3577],{"class":3448},[63,6719,6720],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,6721,3638],{"class":3448},[63,6723,6724],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,6725,3577],{"class":3448},[63,6727,6728],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,6729,3638],{"class":3448},[63,6731,6732],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,6733,3577],{"class":3448},[20,6735,128,6736,6739,6740,632,6742,6744,6745,6747,6748,307],{},[15,6737,6738],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6741,3196],{},[15,6743,3269],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6746,3269],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6749,3196],{},[49,6751,6753],{"id":6752},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6755,6756,6758],{},[15,6757,3408],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6760,6761],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,6763,6764,6768],{},[33,6765,6766],{},[15,6767,3196],{},[33,6769,6770],{},[15,6771,3269],{},[20,6773,6774,6775,6777],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6776,6602],{}," statements.",[20,6779,6780,6781,6783],{},"You can also call ",[15,6782,3408],{}," with no argument:",[54,6785,6787],{"className":56,"code":6786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool())\n",[15,6788,6789],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6790,6791,6793,6795,6797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6792,70],{"class":69},[63,6794,74],{"class":73},[63,6796,3464],{"class":417},[63,6798,6799],{"class":73},"())\n",[20,6801,110],{},[54,6803,6804],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,6805,6806],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6807,6808],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6809,3638],{"class":3448},[20,6811,6812,6813,307],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[303,6814,6816],{"href":6815},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[49,6818,6820],{"id":6819},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6822,6823],{},"The basic syntax is:",[54,6825,6827],{"className":56,"code":6826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bool(value)\n",[15,6828,6829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6830,6831,6833,6835,6837],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6832,3464],{"class":417},[63,6834,74],{"class":73},[63,6836,1002],{"class":181},[63,6838,397],{"class":73},[20,6840,1597,6841,6843],{},[15,6842,1002],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,6845,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854,6857,6859],{},[33,6847,3243],{},[33,6849,4911],{},[33,6851,4902],{},[33,6853,4905],{},[33,6855,6856],{},"dictionaries",[33,6858,4908],{},[33,6860,6861],{},"other objects",[20,6863,6864,6865,307],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6866,3269],{},[20,6868,1820],{},[54,6870,6872],{"className":56,"code":6871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6873,6874,6888,6907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6875,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6877,70],{"class":69},[63,6879,74],{"class":73},[63,6881,3464],{"class":417},[63,6883,74],{"class":73},[63,6885,1940],{"class":82},[63,6887,86],{"class":73},[63,6889,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898,6900,6903,6905],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,6891,70],{"class":69},[63,6893,74],{"class":73},[63,6895,3464],{"class":417},[63,6897,74],{"class":73},[63,6899,2455],{"class":448},[63,6901,6902],{"class":452},"Python",[63,6904,2455],{"class":448},[63,6906,86],{"class":73},[63,6908,6909,6911,6913,6915],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,6910,70],{"class":69},[63,6912,74],{"class":73},[63,6914,3464],{"class":417},[63,6916,6799],{"class":73},[20,6918,110],{},[54,6920,6922],{"className":56,"code":6921,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6923,6924,6928,6932],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6925,6926],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6927,3577],{"class":3448},[63,6929,6930],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,6931,3577],{"class":3448},[63,6933,6934],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,6935,3638],{"class":3448},[49,6937,6939],{"id":6938},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6941,6942,6943,6945],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[833,6944,5198],{}," values.",[20,6947,6948],{},"Common examples:",[30,6950,6951,6955,6959,6963,6967,6972,6976,6980],{},[33,6952,6953],{},[15,6954,1734],{},[33,6956,6957],{},[15,6958,3363],{},[33,6960,6961],{},[15,6962,5875],{},[33,6964,6965],{},[15,6966,3382],{},[33,6968,6969],{},[15,6970,6971],{},"()",[33,6973,6974],{},[15,6975,3387],{},[33,6977,6978],{},[15,6979,3392],{},[33,6981,6982],{},[15,6983,3373],{},[20,6985,1820],{},[54,6987,6989],{"className":56,"code":6988,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6990,6991,7005,7019,7033,7043,7053,7064,7078],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6992,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6994,70],{"class":69},[63,6996,74],{"class":73},[63,6998,3464],{"class":417},[63,7000,74],{"class":73},[63,7002,1734],{"class":82},[63,7004,86],{"class":73},[63,7006,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7008,70],{"class":69},[63,7010,74],{"class":73},[63,7012,3464],{"class":417},[63,7014,74],{"class":73},[63,7016,3363],{"class":82},[63,7018,86],{"class":73},[63,7020,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,7022,70],{"class":69},[63,7024,74],{"class":73},[63,7026,3464],{"class":417},[63,7028,74],{"class":73},[63,7030,5875],{"class":448},[63,7032,86],{"class":73},[63,7034,7035,7037,7039,7041],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,7036,70],{"class":69},[63,7038,74],{"class":73},[63,7040,3464],{"class":417},[63,7042,4028],{"class":73},[63,7044,7045,7047,7049,7051],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,7046,70],{"class":69},[63,7048,74],{"class":73},[63,7050,3464],{"class":417},[63,7052,4086],{"class":73},[63,7054,7055,7057,7059,7061],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,7056,70],{"class":69},[63,7058,74],{"class":73},[63,7060,3464],{"class":417},[63,7062,7063],{"class":73},"({}))\n",[63,7065,7066,7068,7070,7072,7074,7076],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,7067,70],{"class":69},[63,7069,74],{"class":73},[63,7071,3464],{"class":417},[63,7073,74],{"class":73},[63,7075,5890],{"class":417},[63,7077,5893],{"class":73},[63,7079,7080,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,7081,70],{"class":69},[63,7083,74],{"class":73},[63,7085,3464],{"class":417},[63,7087,74],{"class":73},[63,7089,3373],{"class":3448},[63,7091,86],{"class":73},[20,7093,110],{},[54,7095,7097],{"className":56,"code":7096,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7098,7099,7103,7107,7111,7115,7119,7123,7127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7100,7101],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7102,3638],{"class":3448},[63,7104,7105],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7106,3638],{"class":3448},[63,7108,7109],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,7110,3638],{"class":3448},[63,7112,7113],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,7114,3638],{"class":3448},[63,7116,7117],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,7118,3638],{"class":3448},[63,7120,7121],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,7122,3638],{"class":3448},[63,7124,7125],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,7126,3638],{"class":3448},[63,7128,7129],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,7130,3638],{"class":3448},[49,7132,7134],{"id":7133},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7136,7137,7138,7140,7141,6945],{},"Many values become ",[15,7139,3196],{},". These are often called ",[833,7142,5195],{},[20,7144,6948],{},[30,7146,7147,7150,7153,7156,7159,7162],{},[33,7148,7149],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7151,7152],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7154,7155],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7157,7158],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7160,7161],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7163,7164],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7166,1820],{},[54,7168,7170],{"className":56,"code":7169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7171,7172,7186,7202,7220,7242,7260],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7173,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7184],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7175,70],{"class":69},[63,7177,74],{"class":73},[63,7179,3464],{"class":417},[63,7181,74],{"class":73},[63,7183,1750],{"class":82},[63,7185,86],{"class":73},[63,7187,7188,7190,7192,7194,7196,7198,7200],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7189,70],{"class":69},[63,7191,74],{"class":73},[63,7193,3464],{"class":417},[63,7195,74],{"class":73},[63,7197,1639],{"class":270},[63,7199,274],{"class":82},[63,7201,86],{"class":73},[63,7203,7204,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,7205,70],{"class":69},[63,7207,74],{"class":73},[63,7209,3464],{"class":417},[63,7211,74],{"class":73},[63,7213,2455],{"class":448},[63,7215,3441],{"class":452},[63,7217,2455],{"class":448},[63,7219,86],{"class":73},[63,7221,7222,7224,7226,7228,7230,7232,7234,7236,7238,7240],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,7223,70],{"class":69},[63,7225,74],{"class":73},[63,7227,3464],{"class":417},[63,7229,2583],{"class":73},[63,7231,674],{"class":82},[63,7233,102],{"class":73},[63,7235,105],{"class":82},[63,7237,102],{"class":73},[63,7239,518],{"class":82},[63,7241,2596],{"class":73},[63,7243,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256,7258],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,7245,70],{"class":69},[63,7247,74],{"class":73},[63,7249,3464],{"class":417},[63,7251,5112],{"class":73},[63,7253,674],{"class":82},[63,7255,102],{"class":73},[63,7257,105],{"class":82},[63,7259,2510],{"class":73},[63,7261,7262,7264,7266,7268,7270,7272,7275,7277,7279,7281,7284,7286],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,7263,70],{"class":69},[63,7265,74],{"class":73},[63,7267,3464],{"class":417},[63,7269,5131],{"class":73},[63,7271,2455],{"class":448},[63,7273,7274],{"class":452},"name",[63,7276,2455],{"class":448},[63,7278,2482],{"class":73},[63,7280,1375],{"class":448},[63,7282,7283],{"class":452},"Sam",[63,7285,2455],{"class":448},[63,7287,5140],{"class":73},[20,7289,110],{},[54,7291,7293],{"className":56,"code":7292,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7294,7295,7299,7303,7307,7311,7315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7296,7297],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7298,3577],{"class":3448},[63,7300,7301],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7302,3577],{"class":3448},[63,7304,7305],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,7306,3577],{"class":3448},[63,7308,7309],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,7310,3577],{"class":3448},[63,7312,7313],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,7314,3577],{"class":3448},[63,7316,7317],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,7318,3577],{"class":3448},[20,7320,7321],{},"One important example is this:",[54,7323,7325],{"className":56,"code":7324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7326,7327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7328,7329,7331,7333,7335,7337,7339,7341,7343],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7330,70],{"class":69},[63,7332,74],{"class":73},[63,7334,3464],{"class":417},[63,7336,74],{"class":73},[63,7338,2455],{"class":448},[63,7340,3269],{"class":452},[63,7342,2455],{"class":448},[63,7344,86],{"class":73},[20,7346,110],{},[54,7348,7349],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7350,7351],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7352,7353],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7354,3577],{"class":3448},[20,7356,7357,7358,7360,7361,307],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7359,6284],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7362,3196],{},[49,7364,7366],{"id":7365},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7368,7369,7370,7372],{},"You can use ",[15,7371,3408],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1193,7374,7376],{"id":7375},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[54,7378,7380],{"className":56,"code":7379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7381,7382,7405],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7383,7384,7387,7389,7391,7393,7395,7398,7400,7403],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7385,7386],{"class":382},"items ",[63,7388,386],{"class":270},[63,7390,3216],{"class":73},[63,7392,1940],{"class":82},[63,7394,102],{"class":73},[63,7396,7397],{"class":82}," 20",[63,7399,102],{"class":73},[63,7401,7402],{"class":82}," 30",[63,7404,3229],{"class":73},[63,7406,7407,7409,7411,7413,7415,7418],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7408,70],{"class":69},[63,7410,74],{"class":73},[63,7412,3464],{"class":417},[63,7414,74],{"class":73},[63,7416,7417],{"class":181},"items",[63,7419,86],{"class":73},[20,7421,110],{},[54,7423,7424],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7425,7426],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7427,7428],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7429,3577],{"class":3448},[20,7431,7432],{},"With an empty list:",[54,7434,7436],{"className":56,"code":7435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7437,7438,7447],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7439,7440,7442,7444],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7441,7386],{"class":382},[63,7443,386],{"class":270},[63,7445,7446],{"class":73}," []\n",[63,7448,7449,7451,7453,7455,7457,7459],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7450,70],{"class":69},[63,7452,74],{"class":73},[63,7454,3464],{"class":417},[63,7456,74],{"class":73},[63,7458,7417],{"class":181},[63,7460,86],{"class":73},[20,7462,110],{},[54,7464,7465],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7466,7467],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7468,7469],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7470,3638],{"class":3448},[1193,7472,7474],{"id":7473},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[54,7476,7478],{"className":56,"code":7477,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7479,7480,7490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7481,7482,7485,7487],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7483,7484],{"class":382},"name ",[63,7486,386],{"class":270},[63,7488,7489],{"class":448}," \"\"\n",[63,7491,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7493,70],{"class":69},[63,7495,74],{"class":73},[63,7497,3464],{"class":417},[63,7499,74],{"class":73},[63,7501,7274],{"class":181},[63,7503,86],{"class":73},[20,7505,110],{},[54,7507,7508],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7509,7510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7511,7512],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7513,3638],{"class":3448},[54,7515,7517],{"className":56,"code":7516,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7518,7519,7532],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7520,7521,7523,7525,7527,7530],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7522,7484],{"class":382},[63,7524,386],{"class":270},[63,7526,1375],{"class":448},[63,7528,7529],{"class":452},"Mia",[63,7531,1381],{"class":448},[63,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7544],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7535,70],{"class":69},[63,7537,74],{"class":73},[63,7539,3464],{"class":417},[63,7541,74],{"class":73},[63,7543,7274],{"class":181},[63,7545,86],{"class":73},[20,7547,110],{},[54,7549,7550],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7551,7552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7553,7554],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7555,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,7557,7559],{"id":7558},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[54,7561,7563],{"className":56,"code":7562,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7564,7565,7579,7596,7600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7566,7567,7570,7572,7574,7577],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7568,7569],{"class":382},"username ",[63,7571,386],{"class":270},[63,7573,1375],{"class":448},[63,7575,7576],{"class":452},"alex",[63,7578,1381],{"class":448},[63,7580,7581,7584,7586,7589,7591,7594],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7582,7583],{"class":382},"has_name ",[63,7585,386],{"class":270},[63,7587,7588],{"class":417}," bool",[63,7590,74],{"class":73},[63,7592,7593],{"class":181},"username",[63,7595,397],{"class":73},[63,7597,7598],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,7599,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,7601,7602,7604,7606,7609],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,7603,70],{"class":69},[63,7605,74],{"class":73},[63,7607,7608],{"class":181},"has_name",[63,7610,397],{"class":73},[20,7612,110],{},[54,7614,7615],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7616,7617],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7618,7619],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7620,3577],{"class":3448},[20,7622,7623,7624,632,7626,7628],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7625,3196],{},[15,7627,3269],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1193,7630,7632],{"id":7631},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7634,7635],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[54,7637,7639],{"className":56,"code":7638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7640,7641,7661,7665,7673],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7642,7643,7645,7647,7649,7651,7653,7655,7657,7659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7644,3211],{"class":382},[63,7646,386],{"class":270},[63,7648,3216],{"class":73},[63,7650,674],{"class":82},[63,7652,102],{"class":73},[63,7654,105],{"class":82},[63,7656,102],{"class":73},[63,7658,518],{"class":82},[63,7660,3229],{"class":73},[63,7662,7663],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7664,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,7666,7667,7669,7671],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,7668,6602],{"class":3473},[63,7670,3862],{"class":382},[63,7672,5996],{"class":73},[63,7674,7675,7678,7680,7682,7685,7687],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,7676,7677],{"class":69},"    print",[63,7679,74],{"class":73},[63,7681,2455],{"class":448},[63,7683,7684],{"class":452},"The list is not empty",[63,7686,2455],{"class":448},[63,7688,397],{"class":73},[20,7690,110],{},[54,7692,7694],{"className":56,"code":7693,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7695,7696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7697,7698,7700,7703,7706,7709],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7699,1597],{"class":382},[63,7701,7702],{"class":417},"list",[63,7704,7705],{"class":270}," is",[63,7707,7708],{"class":270}," not",[63,7710,7711],{"class":382}," empty\n",[20,7713,7714,7715,307],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[303,7716,7718],{"href":7717},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[49,7720,7722],{"id":7721},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7724,7725,7726,7728],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7727,3408],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7730,7731],{},"It does not do that.",[1193,7733,7735,2004,7738],{"id":7734},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7736,7737],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7739,3196],{},[54,7741,7742],{"className":56,"code":7324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7743,7744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7745,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7747,70],{"class":69},[63,7749,74],{"class":73},[63,7751,3464],{"class":417},[63,7753,74],{"class":73},[63,7755,2455],{"class":448},[63,7757,3269],{"class":452},[63,7759,2455],{"class":448},[63,7761,86],{"class":73},[20,7763,110],{},[54,7765,7766],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7767,7768],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7769,7770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7771,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,7773,7775,2004,7778],{"id":7774},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7776,7777],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7779,3196],{},[54,7781,7783],{"className":56,"code":7782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7784,7785],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7786,7787,7789,7791,7793,7795,7797,7799,7801],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7788,70],{"class":69},[63,7790,74],{"class":73},[63,7792,3464],{"class":417},[63,7794,74],{"class":73},[63,7796,2455],{"class":448},[63,7798,1734],{"class":452},[63,7800,2455],{"class":448},[63,7802,86],{"class":73},[20,7804,110],{},[54,7806,7807],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,7808,7809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7810,7811],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7812,3577],{"class":3448},[20,7814,7815,7816,307],{},"This happens because both values are ",[833,7817,7152],{},[20,7819,7820,7822],{},[15,7821,3408],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7824,7825,7826,7831,7832,7834],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[303,7827,7829],{"href":7828},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7830,2555],{},", because ",[15,7833,2555],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7836,1820],{},[54,7838,7840],{"className":56,"code":7839,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7841,7842,7863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7843,7844,7847,7849,7852,7854,7856,7859,7861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7845,7846],{"class":382},"user_value ",[63,7848,386],{"class":270},[63,7850,7851],{"class":69}," input",[63,7853,74],{"class":73},[63,7855,2455],{"class":448},[63,7857,7858],{"class":452},"Enter True or False: ",[63,7860,2455],{"class":448},[63,7862,397],{"class":73},[63,7864,7865,7867,7869,7871,7873,7876],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7866,70],{"class":69},[63,7868,74],{"class":73},[63,7870,3464],{"class":417},[63,7872,74],{"class":73},[63,7874,7875],{"class":181},"user_value",[63,7877,86],{"class":73},[20,7879,7880,7881,7883,7884,7831,7886,7888],{},"If the user types ",[15,7882,3269],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7885,3196],{},[15,7887,6284],{}," is not empty.",[49,7890,7892],{"id":7891},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7894,7895,7896,7898,7899,7901],{},"In many ",[15,7897,6602],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7900,3408],{}," yourself.",[20,7903,7904],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7906,7907],{},"Instead of this:",[54,7909,7911],{"className":56,"code":7910,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7912,7913,7934,7938,7952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7914,7915,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7916,7917],{"class":382},"my_list ",[63,7919,386],{"class":270},[63,7921,3216],{"class":73},[63,7923,674],{"class":82},[63,7925,102],{"class":73},[63,7927,105],{"class":82},[63,7929,102],{"class":73},[63,7931,518],{"class":82},[63,7933,3229],{"class":73},[63,7935,7936],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7937,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,7939,7940,7942,7944,7946,7949],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,7941,6602],{"class":3473},[63,7943,7588],{"class":417},[63,7945,74],{"class":73},[63,7947,7948],{"class":181},"my_list",[63,7950,7951],{"class":73},"):\n",[63,7953,7954,7956,7958,7960,7963,7965],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,7955,7677],{"class":69},[63,7957,74],{"class":73},[63,7959,2455],{"class":448},[63,7961,7962],{"class":452},"List has items",[63,7964,2455],{"class":448},[63,7966,397],{"class":73},[20,7968,7969],{},"You can simply write:",[54,7971,7973],{"className":56,"code":7972,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7974,7975,7995,7999,8008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7976,7977,7979,7981,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991,7993],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7978,7917],{"class":382},[63,7980,386],{"class":270},[63,7982,3216],{"class":73},[63,7984,674],{"class":82},[63,7986,102],{"class":73},[63,7988,105],{"class":82},[63,7990,102],{"class":73},[63,7992,518],{"class":82},[63,7994,3229],{"class":73},[63,7996,7997],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,7998,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,8000,8001,8003,8006],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,8002,6602],{"class":3473},[63,8004,8005],{"class":382}," my_list",[63,8007,5996],{"class":73},[63,8009,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018,8020],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,8011,7677],{"class":69},[63,8013,74],{"class":73},[63,8015,2455],{"class":448},[63,8017,7962],{"class":452},[63,8019,2455],{"class":448},[63,8021,397],{"class":73},[20,8023,8024],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8026,311,8027,8029],{},[15,8028,3408],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8031,8032,8035,8043],{},[33,8033,8034],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8036,8037,8038,632,8040,8042],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8039,3196],{},[15,8041,3269],{}," value",[33,8044,8045],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8047,8048,8049,307],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[303,8050,8051],{"href":1908},"Python type() function explained",[49,8053,1186],{"id":1185},[20,8055,8056,8057,307],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8058,3408],{},[1193,8060,1196,8062,8064,8065],{"id":8061},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8063,7737],{}," to return ",[15,8066,3269],{},[20,8068,8069],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[54,8071,8072],{"className":56,"code":7324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,8073,8074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8075,8076,8078,8080,8082,8084,8086,8088,8090],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8077,70],{"class":69},[63,8079,74],{"class":73},[63,8081,3464],{"class":417},[63,8083,74],{"class":73},[63,8085,2455],{"class":448},[63,8087,3269],{"class":452},[63,8089,2455],{"class":448},[63,8091,86],{"class":73},[20,8093,110],{},[54,8095,8096],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,8097,8098],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8099,8100],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8101,3577],{"class":3448},[20,8103,8104,8105,6285],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8106,6284],{},[20,8108,8109],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[54,8111,8113],{"className":56,"code":8112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8114,8115,8127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8116,8117,8119,8121,8123,8125],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8118,984],{"class":382},[63,8120,386],{"class":270},[63,8122,1375],{"class":448},[63,8124,3269],{"class":452},[63,8126,1381],{"class":448},[63,8128,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137,8139,8141,8143],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,8130,70],{"class":69},[63,8132,74],{"class":73},[63,8134,984],{"class":181},[63,8136,4289],{"class":270},[63,8138,1375],{"class":448},[63,8140,3196],{"class":452},[63,8142,2455],{"class":448},[63,8144,397],{"class":73},[20,8146,110],{},[54,8148,8149],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,8150,8151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8152,8153],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8154,3638],{"class":3448},[1193,8156,8158],{"id":8157},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8160,8161,8163],{},[15,8162,2555],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[54,8165,8167],{"className":56,"code":8166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8168,8169,8188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8170,8171,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181,8184,8186],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8172,984],{"class":382},[63,8174,386],{"class":270},[63,8176,7851],{"class":69},[63,8178,74],{"class":73},[63,8180,2455],{"class":448},[63,8182,8183],{"class":452},"Enter yes or no: ",[63,8185,2455],{"class":448},[63,8187,397],{"class":73},[63,8189,8190,8192,8194,8196,8198,8200],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,8191,70],{"class":69},[63,8193,74],{"class":73},[63,8195,3464],{"class":417},[63,8197,74],{"class":73},[63,8199,1002],{"class":181},[63,8201,86],{"class":73},[20,8203,7880,8204,8207,8208,8210,8211,7888],{},[15,8205,8206],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8209,3196],{}," because ",[15,8212,8213],{},"\"no\"",[20,8215,8216],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[54,8218,8220],{"className":56,"code":8219,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8221,8222,8253],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8223,8224,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8241,8244,8247,8250],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8225,984],{"class":382},[63,8227,386],{"class":270},[63,8229,7851],{"class":69},[63,8231,74],{"class":73},[63,8233,2455],{"class":448},[63,8235,8183],{"class":452},[63,8237,2455],{"class":448},[63,8239,8240],{"class":73},").",[63,8242,8243],{"class":181},"strip",[63,8245,8246],{"class":73},"().",[63,8248,8249],{"class":181},"lower",[63,8251,8252],{"class":73},"()\n",[63,8254,8255,8257,8259,8261,8263,8265,8268,8270],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,8256,70],{"class":69},[63,8258,74],{"class":73},[63,8260,984],{"class":181},[63,8262,4289],{"class":270},[63,8264,1375],{"class":448},[63,8266,8267],{"class":452},"yes",[63,8269,2455],{"class":448},[63,8271,397],{"class":73},[20,8273,8274,8275,8277,8278,307],{},"This gives ",[15,8276,3196],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8279,8267],{},[1193,8281,8283],{"id":8282},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8285,8286],{},"These are different:",[30,8288,8289,8293,8297,8301,8305],{},[33,8290,8291],{},[15,8292,3269],{},[33,8294,8295],{},[15,8296,1734],{},[33,8298,8299],{},[15,8300,5875],{},[33,8302,8303],{},[15,8304,3382],{},[33,8306,8307],{},[15,8308,3373],{},[20,8310,8311,8312,8314,8315,8317],{},"They all become ",[15,8313,3269],{}," with ",[15,8316,3408],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8319,8320],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[54,8322,8324],{"className":56,"code":8323,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8325,8326,8334,8348],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8327,8328,8330,8332],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8329,984],{"class":382},[63,8331,386],{"class":270},[63,8333,7446],{"class":73},[63,8335,8336,8338,8340,8342,8344,8346],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,8337,70],{"class":69},[63,8339,74],{"class":73},[63,8341,418],{"class":417},[63,8343,74],{"class":73},[63,8345,1002],{"class":181},[63,8347,86],{"class":73},[63,8349,8350,8352,8354,8356,8358,8360],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,8351,70],{"class":69},[63,8353,74],{"class":73},[63,8355,3464],{"class":417},[63,8357,74],{"class":73},[63,8359,1002],{"class":181},[63,8361,86],{"class":73},[20,8363,110],{},[54,8365,8367],{"className":56,"code":8366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8368,8369,8383],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8370,8371,8373,8375,8377,8379,8381],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8372,441],{"class":270},[63,8374,445],{"class":444},[63,8376,449],{"class":448},[63,8378,7702],{"class":452},[63,8380,456],{"class":448},[63,8382,459],{"class":270},[63,8384,8385],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,8386,3638],{"class":3448},[1193,8388,311,8390,8392],{"id":8389},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8391,3387],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8394,8395,8396,8398],{},"In Python, ",[15,8397,3387],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[54,8400,8402],{"className":56,"code":8401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8403,8404],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8405,8406,8408,8410,8412],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8407,70],{"class":69},[63,8409,74],{"class":73},[63,8411,418],{"class":417},[63,8413,7063],{"class":73},[20,8415,110],{},[54,8417,8419],{"className":56,"code":8418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8420,8421],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8422,8423,8425,8427,8429,8432,8434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8424,441],{"class":270},[63,8426,445],{"class":444},[63,8428,449],{"class":448},[63,8430,8431],{"class":452},"dict",[63,8433,456],{"class":448},[63,8435,459],{"class":270},[20,8437,8438],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[54,8440,8442],{"className":56,"code":8441,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8443,8444],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8445,8446,8448,8450,8452,8454,8456],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8447,70],{"class":69},[63,8449,74],{"class":73},[63,8451,418],{"class":417},[63,8453,74],{"class":73},[63,8455,5890],{"class":417},[63,8457,5893],{"class":73},[20,8459,110],{},[54,8461,8463],{"className":56,"code":8462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8464,8465],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8466,8467,8469,8471,8473,8475,8477],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8468,441],{"class":270},[63,8470,445],{"class":444},[63,8472,449],{"class":448},[63,8474,5890],{"class":452},[63,8476,456],{"class":448},[63,8478,459],{"class":270},[49,8480,8482],{"id":8481},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8484,8485,8486,8488],{},"If ",[15,8487,3408],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[54,8490,8492],{"className":56,"code":8491,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8493,8494,8508,8522,8532,8550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8495,8496,8498,8500,8502,8504,8506],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8497,70],{"class":69},[63,8499,74],{"class":73},[63,8501,3464],{"class":417},[63,8503,74],{"class":73},[63,8505,1002],{"class":181},[63,8507,86],{"class":73},[63,8509,8510,8512,8514,8516,8518,8520],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,8511,70],{"class":69},[63,8513,74],{"class":73},[63,8515,418],{"class":417},[63,8517,74],{"class":73},[63,8519,1002],{"class":181},[63,8521,86],{"class":73},[63,8523,8524,8526,8528,8530],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,8525,70],{"class":69},[63,8527,74],{"class":73},[63,8529,1002],{"class":181},[63,8531,397],{"class":73},[63,8533,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544,8546,8548],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,8535,70],{"class":69},[63,8537,74],{"class":73},[63,8539,984],{"class":181},[63,8541,4289],{"class":270},[63,8543,1375],{"class":448},[63,8545,3196],{"class":452},[63,8547,2455],{"class":448},[63,8549,397],{"class":73},[63,8551,8552,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562,8564,8566],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,8553,70],{"class":69},[63,8555,74],{"class":73},[63,8557,1002],{"class":181},[63,8559,307],{"class":73},[63,8561,8243],{"class":181},[63,8563,8246],{"class":73},[63,8565,8249],{"class":181},[63,8567,6799],{"class":73},[20,8569,8570],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,8572,8573,8576,8579,8582],{},[33,8574,8575],{},"what the value really is",[33,8577,8578],{},"whether it is a string",[33,8580,8581],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,8583,8584],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8586,8587,8588,307],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[303,8589,8591],{"href":8590},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[49,8593,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,8595,8597],{"id":8596},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8599,8600,8601,632,8603,307],{},"It returns either ",[15,8602,3196],{},[15,8604,3269],{},[1193,8606,8608],{"id":8607},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8610,4750,8611,307],{},[15,8612,3269],{},[1193,8614,8616],{"id":8615},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8618,8619,8620,307],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8621,3196],{},[1193,8623,8625],{"id":8624},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8627,8628,8629,307],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8630,3269],{},[1193,8632,8634],{"id":8633},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8636,8637,8638,632,8640,3332],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8639,3196],{},[15,8641,3269],{},[49,8643,1517],{"id":1516},[30,8645,8646,8651,8655,8660,8664,8669],{},[33,8647,8648],{},[303,8649,8650],{"href":5379},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,8652,8653],{},[303,8654,7718],{"href":7717},[33,8656,8657],{},[303,8658,8659],{"href":7828},"Python input() function explained",[33,8661,8662],{},[303,8663,8051],{"href":1908},[33,8665,8666],{},[303,8667,8668],{"href":8590},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8670,8671],{},[303,8672,8673],{"href":6815},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1542,8675,8676],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":8678},[8679,8680,8681,8682,8683,8684,8690,8696,8697,8705,8706,8713],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":6752,"depth":89,"text":6753},{"id":6819,"depth":89,"text":6820},{"id":6938,"depth":89,"text":6939},{"id":7133,"depth":89,"text":7134},{"id":7365,"depth":89,"text":7366,"children":8685},[8686,8687,8688,8689],{"id":7375,"depth":254,"text":7376},{"id":7473,"depth":254,"text":7474},{"id":7558,"depth":254,"text":7559},{"id":7631,"depth":254,"text":7632},{"id":7721,"depth":89,"text":7722,"children":8691},[8692,8694],{"id":7734,"depth":254,"text":8693},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7774,"depth":254,"text":8695},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7891,"depth":89,"text":7892},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":8698},[8699,8701,8702,8703],{"id":8061,"depth":254,"text":8700},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8157,"depth":254,"text":8158},{"id":8282,"depth":254,"text":8283},{"id":8389,"depth":254,"text":8704},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8481,"depth":89,"text":8482},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":8707},[8708,8709,8710,8711,8712],{"id":8596,"depth":254,"text":8597},{"id":8607,"depth":254,"text":8608},{"id":8615,"depth":254,"text":8616},{"id":8624,"depth":254,"text":8625},{"id":8633,"depth":254,"text":8634},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6579,"description":8714},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8721,"title":8722,"body":8723,"description":10917,"extension":1580,"meta":10918,"navigation":579,"path":10919,"seo":10920,"stem":10921,"__hash__":10922},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8724,"toc":10879},[8725,8731,8736,8743,8748,8759,8766,8875,8879,8948,8953,8958,8963,8966,8977,8982,8985,8996,9003,9005,9010,9014,9039,9043,9052,9056,9119,9123,9156,9160,9205,9209,9246,9250,9253,9309,9313,9359,9362,9367,9406,9410,9433,9436,9450,9463,9467,9472,9539,9543,9579,9582,9590,9593,9657,9661,9693,9699,9701,9761,9768,9771,9849,9853,9886,9890,9893,9937,9941,9977,9980,9997,10000,10003,10056,10059,10070,10077,10086,10089,10147,10151,10192,10200,10208,10214,10222,10234,10239,10250,10323,10325,10337,10353,10357,10362,10366,10368,10411,10417,10420,10483,10487,10490,10499,10504,10541,10545,10548,10556,10559,10598,10602,10605,10656,10660,10681,10688,10690,10696,10723,10726,10781,10784,10795,10797,10804,10812,10818,10823,10830,10833,10840,10847,10849,10876],[10,8726,13,8728,18],{"id":8727},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8729,8730],{},"dict()",[20,8732,22,8733,8735],{},[15,8734,8730],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8737,8738,8739,8742],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[833,8740,8741],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8744,8745,8747],{},[15,8746,8730],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,8749,8750,8753,8756],{},[33,8751,8752],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,8754,8755],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,8757,8758],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8760,8761,8762,307],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[303,8763,8765],{"href":8764},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[54,8767,8769],{"className":56,"code":8768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8770,8771,8806,8817,8821,8860],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8772,8773,8776,8778,8781,8783,8786,8788,8790,8792,8794,8796,8799,8801,8804],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8774,8775],{"class":382},"data ",[63,8777,386],{"class":270},[63,8779,8780],{"class":417}," dict",[63,8782,74],{"class":73},[63,8784,7274],{"class":8785},"s99_P",[63,8787,386],{"class":270},[63,8789,456],{"class":448},[63,8791,4605],{"class":452},[63,8793,456],{"class":448},[63,8795,102],{"class":73},[63,8797,8798],{"class":8785}," age",[63,8800,386],{"class":270},[63,8802,8803],{"class":82},"25",[63,8805,397],{"class":73},[63,8807,8808,8810,8812,8815],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,8809,70],{"class":69},[63,8811,74],{"class":73},[63,8813,8814],{"class":181},"data",[63,8816,397],{"class":73},[63,8818,8819],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,8820,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,8822,8823,8826,8828,8831,8833,8835,8837,8839,8841,8844,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,8824,8825],{"class":382},"pairs ",[63,8827,386],{"class":270},[63,8829,8830],{"class":73}," [(",[63,8832,456],{"class":448},[63,8834,303],{"class":452},[63,8836,456],{"class":448},[63,8838,102],{"class":73},[63,8840,249],{"class":82},[63,8842,8843],{"class":73},"),",[63,8845,8846],{"class":73}," (",[63,8848,456],{"class":448},[63,8850,4362],{"class":452},[63,8852,456],{"class":448},[63,8854,102],{"class":73},[63,8856,105],{"class":82},[63,8858,8859],{"class":73},")]\n",[63,8861,8862,8864,8866,8868,8870,8873],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,8863,70],{"class":69},[63,8865,74],{"class":73},[63,8867,8431],{"class":417},[63,8869,74],{"class":73},[63,8871,8872],{"class":181},"pairs",[63,8874,86],{"class":73},[20,8876,8877],{},[833,8878,110],{},[54,8880,8882],{"className":56,"code":8881,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8883,8884,8920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8885,8886,8889,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907,8910,8912,8914,8917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8887,8888],{"class":73},"{",[63,8890,456],{"class":448},[63,8892,7274],{"class":452},[63,8894,456],{"class":448},[63,8896,2482],{"class":73},[63,8898,449],{"class":448},[63,8900,4605],{"class":452},[63,8902,456],{"class":448},[63,8904,102],{"class":73},[63,8906,449],{"class":448},[63,8908,8909],{"class":452},"age",[63,8911,456],{"class":448},[63,8913,2482],{"class":73},[63,8915,8916],{"class":82}," 25",[63,8918,8919],{"class":73},"}\n",[63,8921,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,8923,8888],{"class":73},[63,8925,456],{"class":448},[63,8927,303],{"class":452},[63,8929,456],{"class":448},[63,8931,2482],{"class":73},[63,8933,249],{"class":82},[63,8935,102],{"class":73},[63,8937,449],{"class":448},[63,8939,4362],{"class":452},[63,8941,456],{"class":448},[63,8943,2482],{"class":73},[63,8945,105],{"class":82},[63,8947,8919],{"class":73},[20,8949,128,8950,8952],{},[15,8951,8730],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[49,8954,138,8956,141],{"id":8955},"what-dict-does",[15,8957,8730],{},[20,8959,8960,8962],{},[15,8961,8730],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8964,8965],{},"A dictionary:",[30,8967,8968,8971,8974],{},[33,8969,8970],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,8972,8973],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,8975,8976],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8978,8979,8981],{},[15,8980,8730],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8983,8984],{},"Common uses include:",[30,8986,8987,8990,8993],{},[33,8988,8989],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,8991,8992],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,8994,8995],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8997,8998,8999,307],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[303,9000,9002],{"href":9001},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[49,9004,164],{"id":163},[20,9006,9007,9009],{},[15,9008,8730],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1193,9011,9013],{"id":9012},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[54,9015,9017],{"className":56,"code":9016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9018,9019,9029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9020,9021,9023,9025,9027],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9022,8775],{"class":382},[63,9024,386],{"class":270},[63,9026,8780],{"class":417},[63,9028,8252],{"class":73},[63,9030,9031,9033,9035,9037],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9032,70],{"class":69},[63,9034,74],{"class":73},[63,9036,8814],{"class":181},[63,9038,397],{"class":73},[20,9040,9041],{},[833,9042,110],{},[54,9044,9046],{"className":56,"code":9045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{}\n",[15,9047,9048],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9049,9050],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9051,9045],{"class":73},[1193,9053,9055],{"id":9054},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[54,9057,9059],{"className":56,"code":9058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9060,9061,9095,9109],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9062,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9064,8825],{"class":382},[63,9066,386],{"class":270},[63,9068,8830],{"class":73},[63,9070,456],{"class":448},[63,9072,303],{"class":452},[63,9074,456],{"class":448},[63,9076,102],{"class":73},[63,9078,249],{"class":82},[63,9080,8843],{"class":73},[63,9082,8846],{"class":73},[63,9084,456],{"class":448},[63,9086,4362],{"class":452},[63,9088,456],{"class":448},[63,9090,102],{"class":73},[63,9092,105],{"class":82},[63,9094,8859],{"class":73},[63,9096,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9098,8775],{"class":382},[63,9100,386],{"class":270},[63,9102,8780],{"class":417},[63,9104,74],{"class":73},[63,9106,8872],{"class":181},[63,9108,397],{"class":73},[63,9110,9111,9113,9115,9117],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,9112,70],{"class":69},[63,9114,74],{"class":73},[63,9116,8814],{"class":181},[63,9118,397],{"class":73},[20,9120,9121],{},[833,9122,110],{},[54,9124,9126],{"className":56,"code":9125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9127,9128],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9129,9130,9132,9134,9136,9138,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150,9152,9154],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9131,8888],{"class":73},[63,9133,456],{"class":448},[63,9135,303],{"class":452},[63,9137,456],{"class":448},[63,9139,2482],{"class":73},[63,9141,249],{"class":82},[63,9143,102],{"class":73},[63,9145,449],{"class":448},[63,9147,4362],{"class":452},[63,9149,456],{"class":448},[63,9151,2482],{"class":73},[63,9153,105],{"class":82},[63,9155,8919],{"class":73},[1193,9157,9159],{"id":9158},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[54,9161,9163],{"className":56,"code":9162,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9164,9165,9195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9166,9167,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9168,8775],{"class":382},[63,9170,386],{"class":270},[63,9172,8780],{"class":417},[63,9174,74],{"class":73},[63,9176,7274],{"class":8785},[63,9178,386],{"class":270},[63,9180,456],{"class":448},[63,9182,4605],{"class":452},[63,9184,456],{"class":448},[63,9186,102],{"class":73},[63,9188,8798],{"class":8785},[63,9190,386],{"class":270},[63,9192,8803],{"class":82},[63,9194,397],{"class":73},[63,9196,9197,9199,9201,9203],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9198,70],{"class":69},[63,9200,74],{"class":73},[63,9202,8814],{"class":181},[63,9204,397],{"class":73},[20,9206,9207],{},[833,9208,110],{},[54,9210,9212],{"className":56,"code":9211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9213,9214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9215,9216,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9217,8888],{"class":73},[63,9219,456],{"class":448},[63,9221,7274],{"class":452},[63,9223,456],{"class":448},[63,9225,2482],{"class":73},[63,9227,449],{"class":448},[63,9229,4605],{"class":452},[63,9231,456],{"class":448},[63,9233,102],{"class":73},[63,9235,449],{"class":448},[63,9237,8909],{"class":452},[63,9239,456],{"class":448},[63,9241,2482],{"class":73},[63,9243,8916],{"class":82},[63,9245,8919],{"class":73},[1193,9247,9249],{"id":9248},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9251,9252],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[54,9254,9256],{"className":56,"code":9255,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9257,9258,9299],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9259,9260,9262,9264,9266,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9293,9295,9297],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9261,8775],{"class":382},[63,9263,386],{"class":270},[63,9265,8780],{"class":417},[63,9267,9268],{"class":73},"([(",[63,9270,456],{"class":448},[63,9272,303],{"class":452},[63,9274,456],{"class":448},[63,9276,102],{"class":73},[63,9278,249],{"class":82},[63,9280,9281],{"class":73},")],",[63,9283,2162],{"class":8785},[63,9285,386],{"class":270},[63,9287,274],{"class":82},[63,9289,102],{"class":73},[63,9291,9292],{"class":8785}," c",[63,9294,386],{"class":270},[63,9296,715],{"class":82},[63,9298,397],{"class":73},[63,9300,9301,9303,9305,9307],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9302,70],{"class":69},[63,9304,74],{"class":73},[63,9306,8814],{"class":181},[63,9308,397],{"class":73},[20,9310,9311],{},[833,9312,110],{},[54,9314,9316],{"className":56,"code":9315,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9317,9318],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9319,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9351,9353,9355,9357],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9321,8888],{"class":73},[63,9323,456],{"class":448},[63,9325,303],{"class":452},[63,9327,456],{"class":448},[63,9329,2482],{"class":73},[63,9331,249],{"class":82},[63,9333,102],{"class":73},[63,9335,449],{"class":448},[63,9337,4362],{"class":452},[63,9339,456],{"class":448},[63,9341,2482],{"class":73},[63,9343,105],{"class":82},[63,9345,102],{"class":73},[63,9347,449],{"class":448},[63,9349,9350],{"class":452},"c",[63,9352,456],{"class":448},[63,9354,2482],{"class":73},[63,9356,518],{"class":82},[63,9358,8919],{"class":73},[49,9360,9013],{"id":9361},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9363,128,9364,9366],{},[15,9365,8730],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[54,9368,9370],{"className":56,"code":9369,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9371,9372,9382,9396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9373,9374,9376,9378,9380],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9375,8775],{"class":382},[63,9377,386],{"class":270},[63,9379,8780],{"class":417},[63,9381,8252],{"class":73},[63,9383,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9385,70],{"class":69},[63,9387,74],{"class":73},[63,9389,418],{"class":417},[63,9391,74],{"class":73},[63,9393,8814],{"class":181},[63,9395,86],{"class":73},[63,9397,9398,9400,9402,9404],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,9399,70],{"class":69},[63,9401,74],{"class":73},[63,9403,8814],{"class":181},[63,9405,397],{"class":73},[20,9407,9408],{},[833,9409,110],{},[54,9411,9413],{"className":56,"code":9412,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9414,9415,9429],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9416,9417,9419,9421,9423,9425,9427],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9418,441],{"class":270},[63,9420,445],{"class":444},[63,9422,449],{"class":448},[63,9424,8431],{"class":452},[63,9426,456],{"class":448},[63,9428,459],{"class":270},[63,9430,9431],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9432,9045],{"class":73},[20,9434,9435],{},"This gives the same result as:",[54,9437,9439],{"className":56,"code":9438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n",[15,9440,9441],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9442,9443,9445,9447],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9444,8775],{"class":382},[63,9446,386],{"class":270},[63,9448,9449],{"class":73}," {}\n",[20,9451,9452,9453,9455,9456,9459,9460,9462],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9454,3387],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9457,9458],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9461,8730],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[49,9464,9466],{"id":9465},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9468,9469,9470,307],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9471,8730],{},[54,9473,9475],{"className":56,"code":9474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9476,9477,9515,9529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9478,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9480,8825],{"class":382},[63,9482,386],{"class":270},[63,9484,8830],{"class":73},[63,9486,456],{"class":448},[63,9488,7274],{"class":452},[63,9490,456],{"class":448},[63,9492,102],{"class":73},[63,9494,449],{"class":448},[63,9496,4605],{"class":452},[63,9498,456],{"class":448},[63,9500,8843],{"class":73},[63,9502,8846],{"class":73},[63,9504,456],{"class":448},[63,9506,8909],{"class":452},[63,9508,456],{"class":448},[63,9510,102],{"class":73},[63,9512,8916],{"class":82},[63,9514,8859],{"class":73},[63,9516,9517,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9518,8775],{"class":382},[63,9520,386],{"class":270},[63,9522,8780],{"class":417},[63,9524,74],{"class":73},[63,9526,8872],{"class":181},[63,9528,397],{"class":73},[63,9530,9531,9533,9535,9537],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,9532,70],{"class":69},[63,9534,74],{"class":73},[63,9536,8814],{"class":181},[63,9538,397],{"class":73},[20,9540,9541],{},[833,9542,110],{},[54,9544,9545],{"className":56,"code":9211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,9546,9547],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9548,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9550,8888],{"class":73},[63,9552,456],{"class":448},[63,9554,7274],{"class":452},[63,9556,456],{"class":448},[63,9558,2482],{"class":73},[63,9560,449],{"class":448},[63,9562,4605],{"class":452},[63,9564,456],{"class":448},[63,9566,102],{"class":73},[63,9568,449],{"class":448},[63,9570,8909],{"class":452},[63,9572,456],{"class":448},[63,9574,2482],{"class":73},[63,9576,8916],{"class":82},[63,9578,8919],{"class":73},[20,9580,9581],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,9583,9584,9587],{},[33,9585,9586],{},"the first item as the key",[33,9588,9589],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9591,9592],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[54,9594,9596],{"className":56,"code":9595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9597,9598,9633,9647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9599,9600,9602,9604,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9601,8825],{"class":382},[63,9603,386],{"class":270},[63,9605,9606],{"class":73}," ((",[63,9608,456],{"class":448},[63,9610,303],{"class":452},[63,9612,456],{"class":448},[63,9614,102],{"class":73},[63,9616,249],{"class":82},[63,9618,8843],{"class":73},[63,9620,8846],{"class":73},[63,9622,456],{"class":448},[63,9624,4362],{"class":452},[63,9626,456],{"class":448},[63,9628,102],{"class":73},[63,9630,105],{"class":82},[63,9632,86],{"class":73},[63,9634,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9636,8775],{"class":382},[63,9638,386],{"class":270},[63,9640,8780],{"class":417},[63,9642,74],{"class":73},[63,9644,8872],{"class":181},[63,9646,397],{"class":73},[63,9648,9649,9651,9653,9655],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,9650,70],{"class":69},[63,9652,74],{"class":73},[63,9654,8814],{"class":181},[63,9656,397],{"class":73},[20,9658,9659],{},[833,9660,110],{},[54,9662,9663],{"className":56,"code":9125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,9664,9665],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9666,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9668,8888],{"class":73},[63,9670,456],{"class":448},[63,9672,303],{"class":452},[63,9674,456],{"class":448},[63,9676,2482],{"class":73},[63,9678,249],{"class":82},[63,9680,102],{"class":73},[63,9682,449],{"class":448},[63,9684,4362],{"class":452},[63,9686,456],{"class":448},[63,9688,2482],{"class":73},[63,9690,105],{"class":82},[63,9692,8919],{"class":73},[20,9694,9695,9696,307],{},"Each item must contain ",[833,9697,9698],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9700,2437],{},[54,9702,9704],{"className":56,"code":9703,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9705,9706,9746],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9707,9708,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9709,9710],{"class":382},"bad_data ",[63,9712,386],{"class":270},[63,9714,8830],{"class":73},[63,9716,456],{"class":448},[63,9718,303],{"class":452},[63,9720,456],{"class":448},[63,9722,102],{"class":73},[63,9724,249],{"class":82},[63,9726,102],{"class":73},[63,9728,9729],{"class":82}," 100",[63,9731,8843],{"class":73},[63,9733,8846],{"class":73},[63,9735,456],{"class":448},[63,9737,4362],{"class":452},[63,9739,456],{"class":448},[63,9741,102],{"class":73},[63,9743,105],{"class":82},[63,9745,8859],{"class":73},[63,9747,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9759],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9749,383],{"class":382},[63,9751,386],{"class":270},[63,9753,8780],{"class":417},[63,9755,74],{"class":73},[63,9757,9758],{"class":181},"bad_data",[63,9760,397],{"class":73},[20,9762,9763,9764,9767],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9765,9766],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9769,9770],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[54,9772,9774],{"className":56,"code":9773,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9775,9776,9825,9839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9777,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9779,8825],{"class":382},[63,9781,386],{"class":270},[63,9783,8830],{"class":73},[63,9785,456],{"class":448},[63,9787,303],{"class":452},[63,9789,456],{"class":448},[63,9791,102],{"class":73},[63,9793,249],{"class":82},[63,9795,8843],{"class":73},[63,9797,8846],{"class":73},[63,9799,456],{"class":448},[63,9801,303],{"class":452},[63,9803,456],{"class":448},[63,9805,102],{"class":73},[63,9807,9808],{"class":82}," 99",[63,9810,8843],{"class":73},[63,9812,8846],{"class":73},[63,9814,456],{"class":448},[63,9816,4362],{"class":452},[63,9818,456],{"class":448},[63,9820,102],{"class":73},[63,9822,105],{"class":82},[63,9824,8859],{"class":73},[63,9826,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9828,8775],{"class":382},[63,9830,386],{"class":270},[63,9832,8780],{"class":417},[63,9834,74],{"class":73},[63,9836,8872],{"class":181},[63,9838,397],{"class":73},[63,9840,9841,9843,9845,9847],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,9842,70],{"class":69},[63,9844,74],{"class":73},[63,9846,8814],{"class":181},[63,9848,397],{"class":73},[20,9850,9851],{},[833,9852,110],{},[54,9854,9856],{"className":56,"code":9855,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9857,9858],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9859,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9861,8888],{"class":73},[63,9863,456],{"class":448},[63,9865,303],{"class":452},[63,9867,456],{"class":448},[63,9869,2482],{"class":73},[63,9871,9808],{"class":82},[63,9873,102],{"class":73},[63,9875,449],{"class":448},[63,9877,4362],{"class":452},[63,9879,456],{"class":448},[63,9881,2482],{"class":73},[63,9883,105],{"class":82},[63,9885,8919],{"class":73},[49,9887,9889],{"id":9888},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9891,9892],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[54,9894,9895],{"className":56,"code":9162,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,9896,9897,9927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9898,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9900,8775],{"class":382},[63,9902,386],{"class":270},[63,9904,8780],{"class":417},[63,9906,74],{"class":73},[63,9908,7274],{"class":8785},[63,9910,386],{"class":270},[63,9912,456],{"class":448},[63,9914,4605],{"class":452},[63,9916,456],{"class":448},[63,9918,102],{"class":73},[63,9920,8798],{"class":8785},[63,9922,386],{"class":270},[63,9924,8803],{"class":82},[63,9926,397],{"class":73},[63,9928,9929,9931,9933,9935],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,9930,70],{"class":69},[63,9932,74],{"class":73},[63,9934,8814],{"class":181},[63,9936,397],{"class":73},[20,9938,9939],{},[833,9940,110],{},[54,9942,9943],{"className":56,"code":9211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,9944,9945],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9946,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9948,8888],{"class":73},[63,9950,456],{"class":448},[63,9952,7274],{"class":452},[63,9954,456],{"class":448},[63,9956,2482],{"class":73},[63,9958,449],{"class":448},[63,9960,4605],{"class":452},[63,9962,456],{"class":448},[63,9964,102],{"class":73},[63,9966,449],{"class":448},[63,9968,8909],{"class":452},[63,9970,456],{"class":448},[63,9972,2482],{"class":73},[63,9974,8916],{"class":82},[63,9976,8919],{"class":73},[20,9978,9979],{},"In this form:",[30,9981,9982,9990],{},[33,9983,9984,9986,9987],{},[15,9985,7274],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9988,9989],{},"'name'",[33,9991,9992,9986,9994],{},[15,9993,8909],{},[15,9995,9996],{},"'age'",[20,9998,9999],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10001,10002],{},"Valid examples:",[54,10004,10006],{"className":56,"code":10005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10007,10008,10046],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10009,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10021,10023,10025,10028,10030,10032,10035,10037,10039,10042,10044],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10011,8775],{"class":382},[63,10013,386],{"class":270},[63,10015,8780],{"class":417},[63,10017,74],{"class":73},[63,10019,10020],{"class":8785},"city",[63,10022,386],{"class":270},[63,10024,456],{"class":448},[63,10026,10027],{"class":452},"Paris",[63,10029,456],{"class":448},[63,10031,102],{"class":73},[63,10033,10034],{"class":8785}," country",[63,10036,386],{"class":270},[63,10038,456],{"class":448},[63,10040,10041],{"class":452},"France",[63,10043,456],{"class":448},[63,10045,397],{"class":73},[63,10047,10048,10050,10052,10054],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10049,70],{"class":69},[63,10051,74],{"class":73},[63,10053,8814],{"class":181},[63,10055,397],{"class":73},[20,10057,10058],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10060,10061,10064,10067],{},[33,10062,10063],{},"spaces",[33,10065,10066],{},"hyphens",[33,10068,10069],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10071,10072,10073,10076],{},"For example, this is ",[833,10074,10075],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[54,10078,10080],{"className":56,"code":10079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10081,10082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10083,10084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10085,10079],{"class":1357},[20,10087,10088],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[54,10090,10092],{"className":56,"code":10091,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10093,10094,10137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10095,10096,10098,10100,10103,10105,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10097,8775],{"class":382},[63,10099,386],{"class":270},[63,10101,10102],{"class":73}," {",[63,10104,456],{"class":448},[63,10106,10107],{"class":452},"first-name",[63,10109,456],{"class":448},[63,10111,2482],{"class":73},[63,10113,449],{"class":448},[63,10115,7283],{"class":452},[63,10117,456],{"class":448},[63,10119,102],{"class":73},[63,10121,449],{"class":448},[63,10123,10124],{"class":452},"first name",[63,10126,456],{"class":448},[63,10128,2482],{"class":73},[63,10130,449],{"class":448},[63,10132,7283],{"class":452},[63,10134,456],{"class":448},[63,10136,8919],{"class":73},[63,10138,10139,10141,10143,10145],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10140,70],{"class":69},[63,10142,74],{"class":73},[63,10144,8814],{"class":181},[63,10146,397],{"class":73},[20,10148,10149],{},[833,10150,110],{},[54,10152,10154],{"className":56,"code":10153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10155,10156],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10157,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10159,8888],{"class":73},[63,10161,456],{"class":448},[63,10163,10107],{"class":452},[63,10165,456],{"class":448},[63,10167,2482],{"class":73},[63,10169,449],{"class":448},[63,10171,7283],{"class":452},[63,10173,456],{"class":448},[63,10175,102],{"class":73},[63,10177,449],{"class":448},[63,10179,10124],{"class":452},[63,10181,456],{"class":448},[63,10183,2482],{"class":73},[63,10185,449],{"class":448},[63,10187,7283],{"class":452},[63,10189,456],{"class":448},[63,10191,8919],{"class":73},[49,10193,10195,10197,10198],{"id":10194},"dict-vs",[15,10196,8730],{}," vs ",[15,10199,3387],{},[20,10201,10202,10203,3993,10205,10207],{},"Both ",[15,10204,8730],{},[15,10206,3387],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1193,10209,128,10211,10213],{"id":10210},"use-when",[15,10212,3387],{}," when:",[30,10215,10216,10219],{},[33,10217,10218],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10220,10221],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[54,10223,10224],{"className":56,"code":9438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,10225,10226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10227,10228,10230,10232],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10229,8775],{"class":382},[63,10231,386],{"class":270},[63,10233,9449],{"class":73},[1193,10235,128,10237,10213],{"id":10236},"use-dict-when",[15,10238,8730],{},[30,10240,10241,10244,10247],{},[33,10242,10243],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10245,10246],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10248,10249],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[54,10251,10253],{"className":56,"code":10252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10254,10255,10292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10256,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10258,8775],{"class":382},[63,10260,386],{"class":270},[63,10262,8780],{"class":417},[63,10264,9268],{"class":73},[63,10266,456],{"class":448},[63,10268,303],{"class":452},[63,10270,456],{"class":448},[63,10272,102],{"class":73},[63,10274,249],{"class":82},[63,10276,8843],{"class":73},[63,10278,8846],{"class":73},[63,10280,456],{"class":448},[63,10282,4362],{"class":452},[63,10284,456],{"class":448},[63,10286,102],{"class":73},[63,10288,105],{"class":82},[63,10290,10291],{"class":73},")])\n",[63,10293,10294,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10295,10296],{"class":382},"info ",[63,10298,386],{"class":270},[63,10300,8780],{"class":417},[63,10302,74],{"class":73},[63,10304,7274],{"class":8785},[63,10306,386],{"class":270},[63,10308,456],{"class":448},[63,10310,4605],{"class":452},[63,10312,456],{"class":448},[63,10314,102],{"class":73},[63,10316,8798],{"class":8785},[63,10318,386],{"class":270},[63,10320,8803],{"class":82},[63,10322,397],{"class":73},[20,10324,934],{},[30,10326,10327,10332],{},[33,10328,10329,10331],{},[15,10330,3387],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10333,10334,10336],{},[15,10335,8730],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10338,10339,10340,10344,10345,307],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[303,10341,10343],{"href":10342},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[303,10346,10348,10349,10352],{"href":10347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10350,10351],{},"get()"," method",[49,10354,10356],{"id":10355},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10358,10359,10360,307],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10361,8730],{},[1193,10363,10365],{"id":10364},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10367,4126],{},[54,10369,10371],{"className":56,"code":10370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10372,10373,10397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10374,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10376,7386],{"class":382},[63,10378,386],{"class":270},[63,10380,3216],{"class":73},[63,10382,456],{"class":448},[63,10384,303],{"class":452},[63,10386,456],{"class":448},[63,10388,102],{"class":73},[63,10390,449],{"class":448},[63,10392,4362],{"class":452},[63,10394,456],{"class":448},[63,10396,3229],{"class":73},[63,10398,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10400,8775],{"class":382},[63,10402,386],{"class":270},[63,10404,8780],{"class":417},[63,10406,74],{"class":73},[63,10408,7417],{"class":181},[63,10410,397],{"class":73},[20,10412,10413,10414,307],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10415,10416],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10418,10419],{},"Correct version:",[54,10421,10423],{"className":56,"code":10422,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10424,10425,10459,10473],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10426,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10428,7386],{"class":382},[63,10430,386],{"class":270},[63,10432,8830],{"class":73},[63,10434,456],{"class":448},[63,10436,303],{"class":452},[63,10438,456],{"class":448},[63,10440,102],{"class":73},[63,10442,249],{"class":82},[63,10444,8843],{"class":73},[63,10446,8846],{"class":73},[63,10448,456],{"class":448},[63,10450,4362],{"class":452},[63,10452,456],{"class":448},[63,10454,102],{"class":73},[63,10456,105],{"class":82},[63,10458,8859],{"class":73},[63,10460,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10462,8775],{"class":382},[63,10464,386],{"class":270},[63,10466,8780],{"class":417},[63,10468,74],{"class":73},[63,10470,7417],{"class":181},[63,10472,397],{"class":73},[63,10474,10475,10477,10479,10481],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,10476,70],{"class":69},[63,10478,74],{"class":73},[63,10480,8814],{"class":181},[63,10482,397],{"class":73},[1193,10484,10486],{"id":10485},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10488,10489],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[54,10491,10493],{"className":56,"code":10492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10494,10495],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10496,10497],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10498,10492],{"class":1357},[20,10500,10501,10502,2482],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10503,386],{},[54,10505,10507],{"className":56,"code":10506,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10508,10509,10531],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10510,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10512,8775],{"class":382},[63,10514,386],{"class":270},[63,10516,8780],{"class":417},[63,10518,74],{"class":73},[63,10520,7274],{"class":8785},[63,10522,386],{"class":270},[63,10524,456],{"class":448},[63,10526,4605],{"class":452},[63,10528,456],{"class":448},[63,10530,397],{"class":73},[63,10532,10533,10535,10537,10539],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10534,70],{"class":69},[63,10536,74],{"class":73},[63,10538,8814],{"class":181},[63,10540,397],{"class":73},[1193,10542,10544],{"id":10543},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10546,10547],{},"This will not work:",[54,10549,10550],{"className":56,"code":10079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,10551,10552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10553,10554],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10555,10079],{"class":1357},[20,10557,10558],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[54,10560,10562],{"className":56,"code":10561,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10563,10564,10588],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10565,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10567,8775],{"class":382},[63,10569,386],{"class":270},[63,10571,10102],{"class":73},[63,10573,456],{"class":448},[63,10575,10107],{"class":452},[63,10577,456],{"class":448},[63,10579,2482],{"class":73},[63,10581,449],{"class":448},[63,10583,7283],{"class":452},[63,10585,456],{"class":448},[63,10587,8919],{"class":73},[63,10589,10590,10592,10594,10596],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10591,70],{"class":69},[63,10593,74],{"class":73},[63,10595,8814],{"class":181},[63,10597,397],{"class":73},[1193,10599,10601],{"id":10600},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10603,10604],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[54,10606,10608],{"className":56,"code":10607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10609,10610,10646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10611,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10613,8775],{"class":382},[63,10615,386],{"class":270},[63,10617,8780],{"class":417},[63,10619,9268],{"class":73},[63,10621,456],{"class":448},[63,10623,1786],{"class":452},[63,10625,456],{"class":448},[63,10627,102],{"class":73},[63,10629,249],{"class":82},[63,10631,8843],{"class":73},[63,10633,8846],{"class":73},[63,10635,456],{"class":448},[63,10637,1786],{"class":452},[63,10639,456],{"class":448},[63,10641,102],{"class":73},[63,10643,105],{"class":82},[63,10645,10291],{"class":73},[63,10647,10648,10650,10652,10654],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10649,70],{"class":69},[63,10651,74],{"class":73},[63,10653,8814],{"class":181},[63,10655,397],{"class":73},[20,10657,10658],{},[833,10659,110],{},[54,10661,10663],{"className":56,"code":10662,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10664,10665],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10666,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10668,8888],{"class":73},[63,10670,456],{"class":448},[63,10672,1786],{"class":452},[63,10674,456],{"class":448},[63,10676,2482],{"class":73},[63,10678,105],{"class":82},[63,10680,8919],{"class":73},[20,10682,10683,10684,307],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[303,10685,10687],{"href":10686},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[49,10689,1186],{"id":1185},[20,10691,10692,10693,10695],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10694,8730],{}," include:",[30,10697,10698,10708,10714,10717],{},[33,10699,10700,10701,10704,10705],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10702,10703],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10706,10707],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,10709,10710,10711],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10712,10713],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,10715,10716],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,10718,10719,10720,10722],{},"confusing ",[15,10721,8730],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10724,10725],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[54,10727,10729],{"className":56,"code":10728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10730,10731,10745,10755,10766],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10732,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10734,70],{"class":69},[63,10736,74],{"class":73},[63,10738,418],{"class":417},[63,10740,74],{"class":73},[63,10742,8814],{"class":181},[63,10744,86],{"class":73},[63,10746,10747,10749,10751,10753],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10748,70],{"class":69},[63,10750,74],{"class":73},[63,10752,8814],{"class":181},[63,10754,397],{"class":73},[63,10756,10757,10759,10761,10764],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,10758,70],{"class":69},[63,10760,74],{"class":73},[63,10762,10763],{"class":181},"list_of_pairs",[63,10765,397],{"class":73},[63,10767,10768,10770,10772,10775,10777,10779],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,10769,70],{"class":69},[63,10771,74],{"class":73},[63,10773,10774],{"class":69},"len",[63,10776,74],{"class":73},[63,10778,10763],{"class":181},[63,10780,86],{"class":73},[20,10782,10783],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,10785,10786,10789,10792],{},[33,10787,10788],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,10790,10791],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,10793,10794],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[49,10796,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,10798,4781,10800,3993,10802,1506],{"id":10799},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10801,8730],{},[15,10803,3387],{},[20,10805,10806,10808,10809,10811],{},[15,10807,3387],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10810,8730],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1193,10813,1482,10815,10817],{"id":10814},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10816,8730],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10819,10820,10821,307],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10822,10707],{},[1193,10824,4760,10826,10829],{"id":10825},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10827,10828],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10831,10832],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1193,10834,10836,10837,10839],{"id":10835},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10838,8730],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10841,10842,10843,10846],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10844,10845],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[49,10848,1517],{"id":1516},[30,10850,10851,10856,10860,10865,10871],{},[33,10852,10853],{},[303,10854,10855],{"href":9001},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,10857,10858],{},[303,10859,8765],{"href":8764},[33,10861,10862],{},[303,10863,10864],{"href":10342},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,10866,10867],{},[303,10868,10348,10869,10352],{"href":10347},[15,10870,10351],{},[33,10872,10873],{},[303,10874,10875],{"href":10686},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1542,10877,10878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":10880},[10881,10883,10889,10890,10891,10892,10899,10905,10906,10916],{"id":8955,"depth":89,"text":10882},"What dict() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":10884},[10885,10886,10887,10888],{"id":9012,"depth":254,"text":9013},{"id":9054,"depth":254,"text":9055},{"id":9158,"depth":254,"text":9159},{"id":9248,"depth":254,"text":9249},{"id":9361,"depth":89,"text":9013},{"id":9465,"depth":89,"text":9466},{"id":9888,"depth":89,"text":9889},{"id":10194,"depth":89,"text":10893,"children":10894},"dict() vs {}",[10895,10897],{"id":10210,"depth":254,"text":10896},"Use {} when:",{"id":10236,"depth":254,"text":10898},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10355,"depth":89,"text":10356,"children":10900},[10901,10902,10903,10904],{"id":10364,"depth":254,"text":10365},{"id":10485,"depth":254,"text":10486},{"id":10543,"depth":254,"text":10544},{"id":10600,"depth":254,"text":10601},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":10907},[10908,10910,10912,10914],{"id":10799,"depth":254,"text":10909},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10814,"depth":254,"text":10911},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10825,"depth":254,"text":10913},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10835,"depth":254,"text":10915},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8722,"description":10917},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10924,"title":10925,"body":10926,"description":12437,"extension":1580,"meta":12438,"navigation":579,"path":12439,"seo":12440,"stem":12441,"__hash__":12442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10927,"toc":12406},[10928,10936,10942,10949,10951,11012,11017,11022,11027,11045,11048,11052,11054,11070,11073,11086,11090,11093,11227,11229,11296,11299,11315,11321,11327,11330,11412,11414,11428,11432,11438,11503,11505,11513,11516,11539,11545,11608,11614,11617,11631,11644,11648,11659,11664,11675,11682,11686,11692,11814,11816,11842,11845,11862,11865,11976,11978,12027,12029,12042,12051,12056,12061,12072,12074,12177,12200,12202,12206,12225,12228,12286,12289,12315,12317,12323,12326,12332,12336,12343,12351,12357,12360,12362,12403],[10,10929,10931,10932,10935],{"id":10930},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10933,10934],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,10937,10938,10941],{},[15,10939,10940],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10943,10944,10945,10948],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[833,10946,10947],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[49,10950,52],{"id":51},[54,10952,10954],{"className":56,"code":10953,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10955,10956,10988,10999],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10957,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10959,8775],{"class":382},[63,10961,386],{"class":270},[63,10963,10102],{"class":73},[63,10965,2455],{"class":448},[63,10967,303],{"class":452},[63,10969,2455],{"class":448},[63,10971,2482],{"class":73},[63,10973,249],{"class":82},[63,10975,102],{"class":73},[63,10977,1375],{"class":448},[63,10979,4362],{"class":452},[63,10981,2455],{"class":448},[63,10983,2482],{"class":73},[63,10985,105],{"class":82},[63,10987,8919],{"class":73},[63,10989,10990,10992,10994,10997],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,10991,8814],{"class":382},[63,10993,307],{"class":73},[63,10995,10996],{"class":181},"clear",[63,10998,8252],{"class":73},[63,11000,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,11002,70],{"class":69},[63,11004,74],{"class":73},[63,11006,8814],{"class":181},[63,11008,3256],{"class":73},[63,11010,11011],{"class":1357},"  # {}\n",[20,11013,11014,11016],{},[15,11015,10934],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[49,11018,138,11020,141],{"id":11019},"what-clear-does",[15,11021,10934],{},[20,11023,1597,11024,11026],{},[15,11025,10934],{}," method:",[30,11028,11029,11032,11035,11040],{},[33,11030,11031],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11033,11034],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11036,11037,11038],{},"Returns ",[15,11039,3373],{},[33,11041,11042,11043],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11044,3387],{},[20,11046,11047],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11049,8761,11050,307],{},[303,11051,8765],{"href":8764},[49,11053,164],{"id":163},[54,11055,11057],{"className":56,"code":11056,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11058,11059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11060,11061,11064,11066,11068],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11062,11063],{"class":382},"my_dict",[63,11065,307],{"class":73},[63,11067,10996],{"class":181},[63,11069,8252],{"class":73},[20,11071,11072],{},"Important points:",[30,11074,11075,11080,11083],{},[33,11076,11077,11079],{},[15,11078,10934],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11081,11082],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11084,11085],{},"It empties that dictionary",[49,11087,11089],{"id":11088},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11091,11092],{},"Here is a basic example:",[54,11094,11096],{"className":56,"code":11095,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11097,11098,11108,11129,11143,11160,11164,11168,11188,11192,11203,11207],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11099,11100,11103,11105],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11101,11102],{"class":382},"user ",[63,11104,386],{"class":270},[63,11106,11107],{"class":73}," {\n",[63,11109,11110,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11124,11126],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11111,11112],{"class":448},"    \"",[63,11114,7274],{"class":452},[63,11116,2455],{"class":448},[63,11118,2482],{"class":73},[63,11120,1375],{"class":448},[63,11122,11123],{"class":452},"Maya",[63,11125,2455],{"class":448},[63,11127,11128],{"class":73},",\n",[63,11130,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,11132,11112],{"class":448},[63,11134,8909],{"class":452},[63,11136,2455],{"class":448},[63,11138,2482],{"class":73},[63,11140,8916],{"class":82},[63,11142,11128],{"class":73},[63,11144,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155,11158],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,11146,11112],{"class":448},[63,11148,10020],{"class":452},[63,11150,2455],{"class":448},[63,11152,2482],{"class":73},[63,11154,1375],{"class":448},[63,11156,11157],{"class":452},"Berlin",[63,11159,1381],{"class":448},[63,11161,11162],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,11163,8919],{"class":73},[63,11165,11166],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,11167,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11169,11170,11172,11174,11176,11179,11181,11183,11186],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,11171,70],{"class":69},[63,11173,74],{"class":73},[63,11175,2455],{"class":448},[63,11177,11178],{"class":452},"Before:",[63,11180,2455],{"class":448},[63,11182,102],{"class":73},[63,11184,11185],{"class":181}," user",[63,11187,397],{"class":73},[63,11189,11190],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,11191,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11193,11194,11197,11199,11201],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,11195,11196],{"class":382},"user",[63,11198,307],{"class":73},[63,11200,10996],{"class":181},[63,11202,8252],{"class":73},[63,11204,11205],{"class":65,"line":6040},[63,11206,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11208,11210,11212,11214,11216,11219,11221,11223,11225],{"class":65,"line":11209},11,[63,11211,70],{"class":69},[63,11213,74],{"class":73},[63,11215,2455],{"class":448},[63,11217,11218],{"class":452},"After:",[63,11220,2455],{"class":448},[63,11222,102],{"class":73},[63,11224,11185],{"class":181},[63,11226,397],{"class":73},[20,11228,5161],{},[54,11230,11232],{"className":56,"code":11231,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11233,11234,11287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11235,11236,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269,11271,11273,11275,11277,11279,11281,11283,11285],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11237,11238],{"class":382},"Before",[63,11240,2482],{"class":73},[63,11242,10102],{"class":73},[63,11244,456],{"class":448},[63,11246,7274],{"class":452},[63,11248,456],{"class":448},[63,11250,2482],{"class":73},[63,11252,449],{"class":448},[63,11254,11123],{"class":452},[63,11256,456],{"class":448},[63,11258,102],{"class":73},[63,11260,449],{"class":448},[63,11262,8909],{"class":452},[63,11264,456],{"class":448},[63,11266,2482],{"class":73},[63,11268,8916],{"class":82},[63,11270,102],{"class":73},[63,11272,449],{"class":448},[63,11274,10020],{"class":452},[63,11276,456],{"class":448},[63,11278,2482],{"class":73},[63,11280,449],{"class":448},[63,11282,11157],{"class":452},[63,11284,456],{"class":448},[63,11286,8919],{"class":73},[63,11288,11289,11292,11294],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11290,11291],{"class":382},"After",[63,11293,2482],{"class":73},[63,11295,9449],{"class":73},[20,11297,11298],{},"What happens here:",[30,11300,11301,11306,11312],{},[33,11302,11303,11305],{},[15,11304,11196],{}," starts with three items",[33,11307,11308,11311],{},[15,11309,11310],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11313,11314],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[49,11316,138,11318,11320],{"id":11317},"what-clear-returns",[15,11319,10934],{}," returns",[20,11322,11323,2004,11325,307],{},[15,11324,10934],{},[15,11326,3373],{},[20,11328,11329],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[54,11331,11333],{"className":56,"code":11332,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11334,11335,11369,11373,11388,11392,11402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11336,11337,11340,11342,11344,11346,11348,11350,11352,11354,11356,11358,11361,11363,11365,11367],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11338,11339],{"class":382},"my_dict ",[63,11341,386],{"class":270},[63,11343,10102],{"class":73},[63,11345,2455],{"class":448},[63,11347,1786],{"class":452},[63,11349,2455],{"class":448},[63,11351,2482],{"class":73},[63,11353,249],{"class":82},[63,11355,102],{"class":73},[63,11357,1375],{"class":448},[63,11359,11360],{"class":452},"y",[63,11362,2455],{"class":448},[63,11364,2482],{"class":73},[63,11366,105],{"class":82},[63,11368,8919],{"class":73},[63,11370,11371],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11372,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11374,11375,11377,11379,11382,11384,11386],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,11376,383],{"class":382},[63,11378,386],{"class":270},[63,11380,11381],{"class":382}," my_dict",[63,11383,307],{"class":73},[63,11385,10996],{"class":181},[63,11387,8252],{"class":73},[63,11389,11390],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,11391,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11393,11394,11396,11398,11400],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,11395,70],{"class":69},[63,11397,74],{"class":73},[63,11399,406],{"class":181},[63,11401,397],{"class":73},[63,11403,11404,11406,11408,11410],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,11405,70],{"class":69},[63,11407,74],{"class":73},[63,11409,11063],{"class":181},[63,11411,397],{"class":73},[20,11413,110],{},[54,11415,11417],{"className":56,"code":11416,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n{}\n",[15,11418,11419,11424],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11420,11421],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11422,11423],{"class":3448},"None\n",[63,11425,11426],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11427,9045],{"class":73},[1193,11429,11431],{"id":11430},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11433,11434,11435,11437],{},"Do ",[833,11436,973],{}," do this:",[54,11439,11441],{"className":56,"code":11440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11442,11443,11475,11489,11493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11444,11445,11447,11449,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471,11473],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11446,11339],{"class":382},[63,11448,386],{"class":270},[63,11450,10102],{"class":73},[63,11452,2455],{"class":448},[63,11454,1786],{"class":452},[63,11456,2455],{"class":448},[63,11458,2482],{"class":73},[63,11460,249],{"class":82},[63,11462,102],{"class":73},[63,11464,1375],{"class":448},[63,11466,11360],{"class":452},[63,11468,2455],{"class":448},[63,11470,2482],{"class":73},[63,11472,105],{"class":82},[63,11474,8919],{"class":73},[63,11476,11477,11479,11481,11483,11485,11487],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11478,11339],{"class":382},[63,11480,386],{"class":270},[63,11482,11381],{"class":382},[63,11484,307],{"class":73},[63,11486,10996],{"class":181},[63,11488,8252],{"class":73},[63,11490,11491],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,11492,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11494,11495,11497,11499,11501],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,11496,70],{"class":69},[63,11498,74],{"class":73},[63,11500,11063],{"class":181},[63,11502,397],{"class":73},[20,11504,110],{},[54,11506,11507],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,11508,11509],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11510,11511],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11512,11423],{"class":3448},[20,11514,11515],{},"Why this happens:",[30,11517,11518,11524,11529],{},[33,11519,11520,11523],{},[15,11521,11522],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,11525,11526,11527],{},"The method returns ",[15,11528,3373],{},[33,11530,11531,11532,11535,11536,11538],{},"Then ",[15,11533,11534],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11537,3373],{}," in the variable",[20,11540,11541,11542,11544],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11543,10934],{}," by itself:",[54,11546,11548],{"className":56,"code":11547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11549,11550,11582,11592,11596],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11551,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568,11570,11572,11574,11576,11578,11580],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11553,11339],{"class":382},[63,11555,386],{"class":270},[63,11557,10102],{"class":73},[63,11559,2455],{"class":448},[63,11561,1786],{"class":452},[63,11563,2455],{"class":448},[63,11565,2482],{"class":73},[63,11567,249],{"class":82},[63,11569,102],{"class":73},[63,11571,1375],{"class":448},[63,11573,11360],{"class":452},[63,11575,2455],{"class":448},[63,11577,2482],{"class":73},[63,11579,105],{"class":82},[63,11581,8919],{"class":73},[63,11583,11584,11586,11588,11590],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11585,11063],{"class":382},[63,11587,307],{"class":73},[63,11589,10996],{"class":181},[63,11591,8252],{"class":73},[63,11593,11594],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,11595,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11597,11598,11600,11602,11604,11606],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,11599,70],{"class":69},[63,11601,74],{"class":73},[63,11603,11063],{"class":181},[63,11605,3256],{"class":73},[63,11607,11011],{"class":1357},[49,11609,11611,11613],{"id":11610},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11612,10934],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11615,11616],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[54,11618,11619],{"className":56,"code":11056,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,11620,11621],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11622,11623,11625,11627,11629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11624,11063],{"class":382},[63,11626,307],{"class":73},[63,11628,10996],{"class":181},[63,11630,8252],{"class":73},[54,11632,11634],{"className":56,"code":11633,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11635,11636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11637,11638,11640,11642],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11639,11339],{"class":382},[63,11641,386],{"class":270},[63,11643,9449],{"class":73},[1193,11645,11646],{"id":10996},[15,11647,10934],{},[30,11649,11650,11653,11656],{},[33,11651,11652],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,11654,11655],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,11657,11658],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1193,11660,11661],{"id":11063},[15,11662,11663],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,11665,11666,11669,11672],{},[33,11667,11668],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,11670,11671],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,11673,11674],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11676,11677,11678,307],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[303,11679,11681],{"href":11680},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[49,11683,11685],{"id":11684},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11687,11688,11689,11691],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11690,10934],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[54,11693,11695],{"className":56,"code":11694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11696,11697,11730,11740,11744,11755,11759,11779,11799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11698,11699,11702,11704,11706,11708,11710,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11726,11728],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11700,11701],{"class":382},"original ",[63,11703,386],{"class":270},[63,11705,10102],{"class":73},[63,11707,2455],{"class":448},[63,11709,303],{"class":452},[63,11711,2455],{"class":448},[63,11713,2482],{"class":73},[63,11715,249],{"class":82},[63,11717,102],{"class":73},[63,11719,1375],{"class":448},[63,11721,4362],{"class":452},[63,11723,2455],{"class":448},[63,11725,2482],{"class":73},[63,11727,105],{"class":82},[63,11729,8919],{"class":73},[63,11731,11732,11735,11737],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11733,11734],{"class":382},"other_ref ",[63,11736,386],{"class":270},[63,11738,11739],{"class":382}," original\n",[63,11741,11742],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,11743,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11745,11746,11749,11751,11753],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,11747,11748],{"class":382},"original",[63,11750,307],{"class":73},[63,11752,10996],{"class":181},[63,11754,8252],{"class":73},[63,11756,11757],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,11758,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11760,11761,11763,11765,11767,11770,11772,11774,11777],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,11762,70],{"class":69},[63,11764,74],{"class":73},[63,11766,2455],{"class":448},[63,11768,11769],{"class":452},"original:",[63,11771,2455],{"class":448},[63,11773,102],{"class":73},[63,11775,11776],{"class":181}," original",[63,11778,397],{"class":73},[63,11780,11781,11783,11785,11787,11790,11792,11794,11797],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,11782,70],{"class":69},[63,11784,74],{"class":73},[63,11786,2455],{"class":448},[63,11788,11789],{"class":452},"other_ref:",[63,11791,2455],{"class":448},[63,11793,102],{"class":73},[63,11795,11796],{"class":181}," other_ref",[63,11798,397],{"class":73},[63,11800,11801,11803,11805,11807,11810,11812],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,11802,70],{"class":69},[63,11804,74],{"class":73},[63,11806,11701],{"class":181},[63,11808,11809],{"class":3473},"is",[63,11811,11796],{"class":181},[63,11813,397],{"class":73},[20,11815,110],{},[54,11817,11819],{"className":56,"code":11818,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11820,11821,11829,11838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11822,11823,11825,11827],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11824,11748],{"class":382},[63,11826,2482],{"class":73},[63,11828,9449],{"class":73},[63,11830,11831,11834,11836],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11832,11833],{"class":382},"other_ref",[63,11835,2482],{"class":73},[63,11837,9449],{"class":73},[63,11839,11840],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,11841,3577],{"class":3448},[20,11843,11844],{},"This shows:",[30,11846,11847,11854,11859],{},[33,11848,11849,3993,11851,11853],{},[15,11850,11748],{},[15,11852,11833],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,11855,11856,11858],{},[15,11857,10934],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,11860,11861],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11863,11864],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[54,11866,11868],{"className":56,"code":11867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11869,11870,11902,11910,11914,11922,11926,11944,11962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11871,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890,11892,11894,11896,11898,11900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11873,11701],{"class":382},[63,11875,386],{"class":270},[63,11877,10102],{"class":73},[63,11879,2455],{"class":448},[63,11881,303],{"class":452},[63,11883,2455],{"class":448},[63,11885,2482],{"class":73},[63,11887,249],{"class":82},[63,11889,102],{"class":73},[63,11891,1375],{"class":448},[63,11893,4362],{"class":452},[63,11895,2455],{"class":448},[63,11897,2482],{"class":73},[63,11899,105],{"class":82},[63,11901,8919],{"class":73},[63,11903,11904,11906,11908],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11905,11734],{"class":382},[63,11907,386],{"class":270},[63,11909,11739],{"class":382},[63,11911,11912],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,11913,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11915,11916,11918,11920],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,11917,11701],{"class":382},[63,11919,386],{"class":270},[63,11921,9449],{"class":73},[63,11923,11924],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,11925,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,11927,11928,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938,11940,11942],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,11929,70],{"class":69},[63,11931,74],{"class":73},[63,11933,2455],{"class":448},[63,11935,11769],{"class":452},[63,11937,2455],{"class":448},[63,11939,102],{"class":73},[63,11941,11776],{"class":181},[63,11943,397],{"class":73},[63,11945,11946,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,11947,70],{"class":69},[63,11949,74],{"class":73},[63,11951,2455],{"class":448},[63,11953,11789],{"class":452},[63,11955,2455],{"class":448},[63,11957,102],{"class":73},[63,11959,11796],{"class":181},[63,11961,397],{"class":73},[63,11963,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,11965,70],{"class":69},[63,11967,74],{"class":73},[63,11969,11701],{"class":181},[63,11971,11809],{"class":3473},[63,11973,11796],{"class":181},[63,11975,397],{"class":73},[20,11977,110],{},[54,11979,11981],{"className":56,"code":11980,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11982,11983,11991,12023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11984,11985,11987,11989],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11986,11748],{"class":382},[63,11988,2482],{"class":73},[63,11990,9449],{"class":73},[63,11992,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003,12005,12007,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,11994,11833],{"class":382},[63,11996,2482],{"class":73},[63,11998,10102],{"class":73},[63,12000,456],{"class":448},[63,12002,303],{"class":452},[63,12004,456],{"class":448},[63,12006,2482],{"class":73},[63,12008,249],{"class":82},[63,12010,102],{"class":73},[63,12012,449],{"class":448},[63,12014,4362],{"class":452},[63,12016,456],{"class":448},[63,12018,2482],{"class":73},[63,12020,105],{"class":82},[63,12022,8919],{"class":73},[63,12024,12025],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,12026,3638],{"class":3448},[20,12028,1791],{},[30,12030,12031,12037],{},[33,12032,12033,12036],{},[15,12034,12035],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12038,12039,12041],{},[15,12040,11833],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12043,12044,12045,307],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[303,12046,12048],{"href":12047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12049,12050],{},"dict.copy()",[49,12052,1114,12054],{"id":12053},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12055,10934],{},[20,12057,12058,12060],{},[15,12059,10934],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12062,12063,12066,12069],{},[33,12064,12065],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12067,12068],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12070,12071],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12073,1820],{},[54,12075,12077],{"className":56,"code":12076,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12078,12079,12088,12104,12124,12137,12141,12145,12150,12161,12165],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12080,12081,12084,12086],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12082,12083],{"class":382},"session_data ",[63,12085,386],{"class":270},[63,12087,11107],{"class":73},[63,12089,12090,12092,12095,12097,12099,12102],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,12091,11112],{"class":448},[63,12093,12094],{"class":452},"user_id",[63,12096,2455],{"class":448},[63,12098,2482],{"class":73},[63,12100,12101],{"class":82}," 101",[63,12103,11128],{"class":73},[63,12105,12106,12108,12111,12113,12115,12117,12120,12122],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,12107,11112],{"class":448},[63,12109,12110],{"class":452},"theme",[63,12112,2455],{"class":448},[63,12114,2482],{"class":73},[63,12116,1375],{"class":448},[63,12118,12119],{"class":452},"dark",[63,12121,2455],{"class":448},[63,12123,11128],{"class":73},[63,12125,12126,12128,12131,12133,12135],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,12127,11112],{"class":448},[63,12129,12130],{"class":452},"logged_in",[63,12132,2455],{"class":448},[63,12134,2482],{"class":73},[63,12136,6026],{"class":3448},[63,12138,12139],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,12140,8919],{"class":73},[63,12142,12143],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,12144,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,12146,12147],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,12148,12149],{"class":1357},"# Reset for a new session\n",[63,12151,12152,12155,12157,12159],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,12153,12154],{"class":382},"session_data",[63,12156,307],{"class":73},[63,12158,10996],{"class":181},[63,12160,8252],{"class":73},[63,12162,12163],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,12164,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,12166,12167,12169,12171,12173,12175],{"class":65,"line":6040},[63,12168,70],{"class":69},[63,12170,74],{"class":73},[63,12172,12154],{"class":181},[63,12174,3256],{"class":73},[63,12176,11011],{"class":1357},[20,12178,12179,12180,12186,12187,307,12191,12193,12194,307],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[303,12181,12183],{"href":12182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12184,12185],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[303,12188,12190],{"href":12189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9457,12192],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[303,12195,12197],{"href":12196},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12198,12199],{},"dict.popitem()",[49,12201,1186],{"id":1185},[20,12203,10359,12204,2482],{},[15,12205,10934],{},[30,12207,12208,12214,12219,12222],{},[33,12209,12210,12211,12213],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12212,10934],{}," to a variable",[33,12215,1196,12216,12218],{},[15,12217,10934],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12220,12221],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12223,12224],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12226,12227],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[54,12229,12231],{"className":56,"code":12230,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12232,12233,12243,12257,12272],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12234,12235,12237,12239,12241],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12236,70],{"class":69},[63,12238,74],{"class":73},[63,12240,11063],{"class":181},[63,12242,397],{"class":73},[63,12244,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,12246,70],{"class":69},[63,12248,74],{"class":73},[63,12250,418],{"class":417},[63,12252,74],{"class":73},[63,12254,11063],{"class":181},[63,12256,86],{"class":73},[63,12258,12259,12261,12263,12266,12268,12270],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,12260,70],{"class":69},[63,12262,74],{"class":73},[63,12264,12265],{"class":69},"id",[63,12267,74],{"class":73},[63,12269,11063],{"class":181},[63,12271,86],{"class":73},[63,12273,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,12275,70],{"class":69},[63,12277,74],{"class":73},[63,12279,11734],{"class":181},[63,12281,11809],{"class":3473},[63,12283,11381],{"class":181},[63,12285,397],{"class":73},[20,12287,12288],{},"What these show:",[30,12290,12291,12297,12303,12309],{},[33,12292,12293,12296],{},[15,12294,12295],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12298,12299,12302],{},[15,12300,12301],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12304,12305,12308],{},[15,12306,12307],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12310,12311,12314],{},[15,12312,12313],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[49,12316,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,12318,1459,12320,12322],{"id":12319},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12321,10934],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12324,12325],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1193,12327,4744,12329,12331],{"id":12328},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12330,10940],{}," return?",[20,12333,4750,12334,307],{},[15,12335,3373],{},[1193,12337,4781,12339,3993,12341,1506],{"id":12338},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12340,10934],{},[15,12342,3387],{},[20,12344,12345,12347,12348,12350],{},[15,12346,10934],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12349,3387],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1193,12352,1459,12354,12356],{"id":12353},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12355,10934],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12358,12359],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[49,12361,1517],{"id":1516},[30,12363,12364,12368,12372,12379,12386,12393,12398],{},[33,12365,12366],{},[303,12367,8765],{"href":8764},[33,12369,12370],{},[303,12371,10855],{"href":9001},[33,12373,12374],{},[303,12375,10348,12376,10352],{"href":12182},[15,12377,12378],{},"pop()",[33,12380,12381],{},[303,12382,10348,12383,10352],{"href":12196},[15,12384,12385],{},"popitem()",[33,12387,12388],{},[303,12389,10348,12390,10352],{"href":12047},[15,12391,12392],{},"copy()",[33,12394,12395],{},[303,12396,12397],{"href":11680},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12399,12400],{},[303,12401,12402],{"href":12189},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1542,12404,12405],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":12407},[12408,12409,12411,12412,12413,12417,12422,12423,12425,12426,12436],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":11019,"depth":89,"text":12410},"What clear() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":11317,"depth":89,"text":12414,"children":12415},"What clear() returns",[12416],{"id":11430,"depth":254,"text":11431},{"id":11610,"depth":89,"text":12418,"children":12419},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12420,12421],{"id":10996,"depth":254,"text":10934},{"id":11063,"depth":254,"text":11663},{"id":11684,"depth":89,"text":11685},{"id":12053,"depth":89,"text":12424},"When to use clear()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":12427},[12428,12430,12432,12434],{"id":12319,"depth":254,"text":12429},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12328,"depth":254,"text":12431},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12338,"depth":254,"text":12433},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12353,"depth":254,"text":12435},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10925,"description":12437},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12444,"title":12445,"body":12446,"description":14615,"extension":1580,"meta":14616,"navigation":579,"path":14617,"seo":14618,"stem":14619,"__hash__":14620},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12447,"toc":14587},[12448,12453,12458,12468,12470,12559,12563,12604,12609,12616,12634,12643,12645,12666,12669,12681,12683,12762,12766,12807,12809,12812,12940,12944,13024,13027,13045,13048,13052,13058,13060,13071,13073,13268,13272,13378,13381,13399,13402,13409,13414,13418,13432,13434,13561,13565,13645,13658,13664,13667,13675,13679,13805,13809,13883,13888,14019,14023,14097,14100,14114,14118,14122,14136,14138,14274,14278,14347,14349,14354,14376,14379,14486,14489,14500,14507,14509,14515,14518,14525,14528,14535,14543,14547,14550,14552,14584],[10,12449,10931,12451,10935],{"id":12450},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12452,12392],{},[20,12454,12455,12457],{},[15,12456,12050],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12459,12460,12461,12463,12464,12467],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12462,12392],{}," makes a ",[833,12465,12466],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[49,12469,52],{"id":51},[54,12471,12473],{"className":56,"code":12472,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12474,12475,12513,12530,12534,12545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12476,12477,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488,12490,12492,12494,12497,12499,12501,12503,12505,12507,12509,12511],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12478,12479],{"class":382},"student ",[63,12481,386],{"class":270},[63,12483,10102],{"class":73},[63,12485,2455],{"class":448},[63,12487,7274],{"class":452},[63,12489,2455],{"class":448},[63,12491,2482],{"class":73},[63,12493,1375],{"class":448},[63,12495,12496],{"class":452},"Ana",[63,12498,2455],{"class":448},[63,12500,102],{"class":73},[63,12502,1375],{"class":448},[63,12504,8909],{"class":452},[63,12506,2455],{"class":448},[63,12508,2482],{"class":73},[63,12510,7397],{"class":82},[63,12512,8919],{"class":73},[63,12514,12515,12518,12520,12523,12525,12528],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,12516,12517],{"class":382},"student_copy ",[63,12519,386],{"class":270},[63,12521,12522],{"class":382}," student",[63,12524,307],{"class":73},[63,12526,12527],{"class":181},"copy",[63,12529,8252],{"class":73},[63,12531,12532],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,12533,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,12535,12536,12538,12540,12543],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,12537,70],{"class":69},[63,12539,74],{"class":73},[63,12541,12542],{"class":181},"student_copy",[63,12544,397],{"class":73},[63,12546,12547,12549,12551,12553,12555,12557],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,12548,70],{"class":69},[63,12550,74],{"class":73},[63,12552,12517],{"class":181},[63,12554,11809],{"class":3473},[63,12556,12522],{"class":181},[63,12558,397],{"class":73},[20,12560,12561],{},[833,12562,110],{},[54,12564,12566],{"className":56,"code":12565,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12567,12568,12600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12569,12570,12572,12574,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12592,12594,12596,12598],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12571,8888],{"class":73},[63,12573,456],{"class":448},[63,12575,7274],{"class":452},[63,12577,456],{"class":448},[63,12579,2482],{"class":73},[63,12581,449],{"class":448},[63,12583,12496],{"class":452},[63,12585,456],{"class":448},[63,12587,102],{"class":73},[63,12589,449],{"class":448},[63,12591,8909],{"class":452},[63,12593,456],{"class":448},[63,12595,2482],{"class":73},[63,12597,7397],{"class":82},[63,12599,8919],{"class":73},[63,12601,12602],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,12603,3638],{"class":3448},[20,12605,128,12606,12608],{},[15,12607,12392],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[49,12610,12612,12613,12615],{"id":12611},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12614,12392],{}," method does",[30,12617,12618,12623,12626,12631],{},[33,12619,12620,12622],{},[15,12621,12050],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,12624,12625],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,12627,12628,12629],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12630,12392],{},[33,12632,12633],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12635,12636,12637,632,12640,307],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[303,12638,8765],{"href":12639},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[303,12641,9002],{"href":12642},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[49,12644,164],{"id":163},[54,12646,12648],{"className":56,"code":12647,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12649,12650],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12651,12652,12655,12657,12660,12662,12664],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12653,12654],{"class":382},"new_dict ",[63,12656,386],{"class":270},[63,12658,12659],{"class":382}," old_dict",[63,12661,307],{"class":73},[63,12663,12527],{"class":181},[63,12665,8252],{"class":73},[20,12667,12668],{},"Key points:",[30,12670,12671,12675,12678],{},[33,12672,12673,11079],{},[15,12674,12392],{},[33,12676,12677],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,12679,12680],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12682,1820],{},[54,12684,12686],{"className":56,"code":12685,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12687,12688,12731,12747,12751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12689,12690,12693,12695,12697,12699,12701,12703,12705,12707,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12724,12727,12729],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12691,12692],{"class":382},"colors ",[63,12694,386],{"class":270},[63,12696,10102],{"class":73},[63,12698,2455],{"class":448},[63,12700,303],{"class":452},[63,12702,2455],{"class":448},[63,12704,2482],{"class":73},[63,12706,1375],{"class":448},[63,12708,12709],{"class":452},"red",[63,12711,2455],{"class":448},[63,12713,102],{"class":73},[63,12715,1375],{"class":448},[63,12717,4362],{"class":452},[63,12719,2455],{"class":448},[63,12721,2482],{"class":73},[63,12723,1375],{"class":448},[63,12725,12726],{"class":452},"blue",[63,12728,2455],{"class":448},[63,12730,8919],{"class":73},[63,12732,12733,12736,12738,12741,12743,12745],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,12734,12735],{"class":382},"new_colors ",[63,12737,386],{"class":270},[63,12739,12740],{"class":382}," colors",[63,12742,307],{"class":73},[63,12744,12527],{"class":181},[63,12746,8252],{"class":73},[63,12748,12749],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,12750,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,12752,12753,12755,12757,12760],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,12754,70],{"class":69},[63,12756,74],{"class":73},[63,12758,12759],{"class":181},"new_colors",[63,12761,397],{"class":73},[20,12763,12764],{},[833,12765,110],{},[54,12767,12769],{"className":56,"code":12768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12770,12771],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12772,12773,12775,12777,12779,12781,12783,12785,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803,12805],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12774,8888],{"class":73},[63,12776,456],{"class":448},[63,12778,303],{"class":452},[63,12780,456],{"class":448},[63,12782,2482],{"class":73},[63,12784,449],{"class":448},[63,12786,12709],{"class":452},[63,12788,456],{"class":448},[63,12790,102],{"class":73},[63,12792,449],{"class":448},[63,12794,4362],{"class":452},[63,12796,456],{"class":448},[63,12798,2482],{"class":73},[63,12800,449],{"class":448},[63,12802,12726],{"class":452},[63,12804,456],{"class":448},[63,12806,8919],{"class":73},[49,12808,11089],{"id":11088},[20,12810,12811],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[54,12813,12815],{"className":56,"code":12814,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12816,12817,12855,12871,12875,12897,12901,12920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12818,12819,12822,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834,12836,12839,12841,12843,12845,12847,12849,12851,12853],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12820,12821],{"class":382},"person ",[63,12823,386],{"class":270},[63,12825,10102],{"class":73},[63,12827,2455],{"class":448},[63,12829,7274],{"class":452},[63,12831,2455],{"class":448},[63,12833,2482],{"class":73},[63,12835,1375],{"class":448},[63,12837,12838],{"class":452},"Liam",[63,12840,2455],{"class":448},[63,12842,102],{"class":73},[63,12844,1375],{"class":448},[63,12846,8909],{"class":452},[63,12848,2455],{"class":448},[63,12850,2482],{"class":73},[63,12852,8916],{"class":82},[63,12854,8919],{"class":73},[63,12856,12857,12860,12862,12865,12867,12869],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,12858,12859],{"class":382},"person_copy ",[63,12861,386],{"class":270},[63,12863,12864],{"class":382}," person",[63,12866,307],{"class":73},[63,12868,12527],{"class":181},[63,12870,8252],{"class":73},[63,12872,12873],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,12874,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,12876,12877,12880,12882,12884,12886,12888,12891,12894],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,12878,12879],{"class":382},"person_copy",[63,12881,3497],{"class":73},[63,12883,2455],{"class":448},[63,12885,8909],{"class":452},[63,12887,2455],{"class":448},[63,12889,12890],{"class":73},"]",[63,12892,12893],{"class":270}," =",[63,12895,12896],{"class":82}," 26\n",[63,12898,12899],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,12900,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,12902,12903,12905,12907,12909,12912,12914,12916,12918],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,12904,70],{"class":69},[63,12906,74],{"class":73},[63,12908,2455],{"class":448},[63,12910,12911],{"class":452},"Original:",[63,12913,2455],{"class":448},[63,12915,102],{"class":73},[63,12917,12864],{"class":181},[63,12919,397],{"class":73},[63,12921,12922,12924,12926,12928,12931,12933,12935,12938],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,12923,70],{"class":69},[63,12925,74],{"class":73},[63,12927,2455],{"class":448},[63,12929,12930],{"class":452},"Copy:",[63,12932,2455],{"class":448},[63,12934,102],{"class":73},[63,12936,12937],{"class":181}," person_copy",[63,12939,397],{"class":73},[20,12941,12942],{},[833,12943,110],{},[54,12945,12947],{"className":56,"code":12946,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12948,12949,12986],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12950,12951,12954,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12952,12953],{"class":382},"Original",[63,12955,2482],{"class":73},[63,12957,10102],{"class":73},[63,12959,456],{"class":448},[63,12961,7274],{"class":452},[63,12963,456],{"class":448},[63,12965,2482],{"class":73},[63,12967,449],{"class":448},[63,12969,12838],{"class":452},[63,12971,456],{"class":448},[63,12973,102],{"class":73},[63,12975,449],{"class":448},[63,12977,8909],{"class":452},[63,12979,456],{"class":448},[63,12981,2482],{"class":73},[63,12983,8916],{"class":82},[63,12985,8919],{"class":73},[63,12987,12988,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019,13022],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,12989,12990],{"class":382},"Copy",[63,12992,2482],{"class":73},[63,12994,10102],{"class":73},[63,12996,456],{"class":448},[63,12998,7274],{"class":452},[63,13000,456],{"class":448},[63,13002,2482],{"class":73},[63,13004,449],{"class":448},[63,13006,12838],{"class":452},[63,13008,456],{"class":448},[63,13010,102],{"class":73},[63,13012,449],{"class":448},[63,13014,8909],{"class":452},[63,13016,456],{"class":448},[63,13018,2482],{"class":73},[63,13020,13021],{"class":82}," 26",[63,13023,8919],{"class":73},[20,13025,13026],{},"What happened here:",[30,13028,13029,13035,13042],{},[33,13030,13031,13034],{},[15,13032,13033],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13036,13037,13038,13041],{},"Changing ",[15,13039,13040],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13043,13044],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13046,13047],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[49,13049,13051],{"id":13050},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13053,13054,12463,13056,307],{},[15,13055,12392],{},[833,13057,12466],{},[20,13059,1721],{},[30,13061,13062,13065,13068],{},[33,13063,13064],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13066,13067],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13069,13070],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13072,1820],{},[54,13074,13076],{"className":56,"code":13075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13077,13078,13086,13104,13127,13131,13135,13149,13153,13178,13182,13200,13219,13234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13079,13080,13082,13084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13081,12479],{"class":382},[63,13083,386],{"class":270},[63,13085,11107],{"class":73},[63,13087,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,13089,11112],{"class":448},[63,13091,7274],{"class":452},[63,13093,2455],{"class":448},[63,13095,2482],{"class":73},[63,13097,1375],{"class":448},[63,13099,12496],{"class":452},[63,13101,2455],{"class":448},[63,13103,11128],{"class":73},[63,13105,13106,13108,13111,13113,13115,13117,13120,13122,13125],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,13107,11112],{"class":448},[63,13109,13110],{"class":452},"grades",[63,13112,2455],{"class":448},[63,13114,2482],{"class":73},[63,13116,3216],{"class":73},[63,13118,13119],{"class":82},"90",[63,13121,102],{"class":73},[63,13123,13124],{"class":82}," 85",[63,13126,3229],{"class":73},[63,13128,13129],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,13130,8919],{"class":73},[63,13132,13133],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,13134,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13136,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,13138,12517],{"class":382},[63,13140,386],{"class":270},[63,13142,12522],{"class":382},[63,13144,307],{"class":73},[63,13146,12527],{"class":181},[63,13148,8252],{"class":73},[63,13150,13151],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,13152,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13154,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13168,13171,13173,13176],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,13156,12542],{"class":382},[63,13158,3497],{"class":73},[63,13160,2455],{"class":448},[63,13162,13110],{"class":452},[63,13164,2455],{"class":448},[63,13166,13167],{"class":73},"].",[63,13169,13170],{"class":181},"append",[63,13172,74],{"class":73},[63,13174,13175],{"class":82},"100",[63,13177,397],{"class":73},[63,13179,13180],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,13181,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13183,13184,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198],{"class":65,"line":6040},[63,13185,70],{"class":69},[63,13187,74],{"class":73},[63,13189,2455],{"class":448},[63,13191,12911],{"class":452},[63,13193,2455],{"class":448},[63,13195,102],{"class":73},[63,13197,12522],{"class":181},[63,13199,397],{"class":73},[63,13201,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13217],{"class":65,"line":11209},[63,13203,70],{"class":69},[63,13205,74],{"class":73},[63,13207,2455],{"class":448},[63,13209,12930],{"class":452},[63,13211,2455],{"class":448},[63,13213,102],{"class":73},[63,13215,13216],{"class":181}," student_copy",[63,13218,397],{"class":73},[63,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232],{"class":65,"line":13221},12,[63,13223,70],{"class":69},[63,13225,74],{"class":73},[63,13227,12479],{"class":181},[63,13229,11809],{"class":3473},[63,13231,13216],{"class":181},[63,13233,397],{"class":73},[63,13235,13237,13239,13241,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266],{"class":65,"line":13236},13,[63,13238,70],{"class":69},[63,13240,74],{"class":73},[63,13242,13243],{"class":181},"student",[63,13245,3497],{"class":73},[63,13247,2455],{"class":448},[63,13249,13110],{"class":452},[63,13251,2455],{"class":448},[63,13253,12890],{"class":73},[63,13255,7705],{"class":3473},[63,13257,13216],{"class":181},[63,13259,3497],{"class":73},[63,13261,2455],{"class":448},[63,13263,13110],{"class":452},[63,13265,2455],{"class":448},[63,13267,191],{"class":73},[20,13269,13270],{},[833,13271,110],{},[54,13273,13275],{"className":56,"code":13274,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13276,13277,13324,13370,13374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13278,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13280,12953],{"class":382},[63,13282,2482],{"class":73},[63,13284,10102],{"class":73},[63,13286,456],{"class":448},[63,13288,7274],{"class":452},[63,13290,456],{"class":448},[63,13292,2482],{"class":73},[63,13294,449],{"class":448},[63,13296,12496],{"class":452},[63,13298,456],{"class":448},[63,13300,102],{"class":73},[63,13302,449],{"class":448},[63,13304,13110],{"class":452},[63,13306,456],{"class":448},[63,13308,2482],{"class":73},[63,13310,3216],{"class":73},[63,13312,13119],{"class":82},[63,13314,102],{"class":73},[63,13316,13124],{"class":82},[63,13318,102],{"class":73},[63,13320,9729],{"class":82},[63,13322,13323],{"class":73},"]}\n",[63,13325,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,13327,12990],{"class":382},[63,13329,2482],{"class":73},[63,13331,10102],{"class":73},[63,13333,456],{"class":448},[63,13335,7274],{"class":452},[63,13337,456],{"class":448},[63,13339,2482],{"class":73},[63,13341,449],{"class":448},[63,13343,12496],{"class":452},[63,13345,456],{"class":448},[63,13347,102],{"class":73},[63,13349,449],{"class":448},[63,13351,13110],{"class":452},[63,13353,456],{"class":448},[63,13355,2482],{"class":73},[63,13357,3216],{"class":73},[63,13359,13119],{"class":82},[63,13361,102],{"class":73},[63,13363,13124],{"class":82},[63,13365,102],{"class":73},[63,13367,9729],{"class":82},[63,13369,13323],{"class":73},[63,13371,13372],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,13373,3638],{"class":3448},[63,13375,13376],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,13377,3577],{"class":3448},[20,13379,13380],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13382,13383,13391],{},[33,13384,13385,4385,13388,13390],{},[15,13386,13387],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13389,3269],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,13392,13393,4385,13396,13398],{},[15,13394,13395],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13397,3196],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13400,13401],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13403,13404,13405,307],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[303,13406,13408],{"href":13407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[49,13410,1114,13412],{"id":13411},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13413,12392],{},[20,13415,128,13416,10213],{},[15,13417,12392],{},[30,13419,13420,13423,13426,13429],{},[33,13421,13422],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,13424,13425],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,13427,13428],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,13430,13431],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13433,1820],{},[54,13435,13437],{"className":56,"code":13436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13438,13439,13478,13494,13498,13518,13522,13541],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13440,13441,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13469,13471,13473,13476],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13442,13443],{"class":382},"settings ",[63,13445,386],{"class":270},[63,13447,10102],{"class":73},[63,13449,2455],{"class":448},[63,13451,12110],{"class":452},[63,13453,2455],{"class":448},[63,13455,2482],{"class":73},[63,13457,1375],{"class":448},[63,13459,12119],{"class":452},[63,13461,2455],{"class":448},[63,13463,102],{"class":73},[63,13465,1375],{"class":448},[63,13467,13468],{"class":452},"font_size",[63,13470,2455],{"class":448},[63,13472,2482],{"class":73},[63,13474,13475],{"class":82}," 14",[63,13477,8919],{"class":73},[63,13479,13480,13483,13485,13488,13490,13492],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,13481,13482],{"class":382},"settings_backup ",[63,13484,386],{"class":270},[63,13486,13487],{"class":382}," settings",[63,13489,307],{"class":73},[63,13491,12527],{"class":181},[63,13493,8252],{"class":73},[63,13495,13496],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,13497,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13499,13500,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,13501,13502],{"class":382},"settings",[63,13504,3497],{"class":73},[63,13506,2455],{"class":448},[63,13508,13468],{"class":452},[63,13510,2455],{"class":448},[63,13512,12890],{"class":73},[63,13514,12893],{"class":270},[63,13516,13517],{"class":82}," 16\n",[63,13519,13520],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,13521,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13523,13524,13526,13528,13530,13533,13535,13537,13539],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,13525,70],{"class":69},[63,13527,74],{"class":73},[63,13529,2455],{"class":448},[63,13531,13532],{"class":452},"Current:",[63,13534,2455],{"class":448},[63,13536,102],{"class":73},[63,13538,13487],{"class":181},[63,13540,397],{"class":73},[63,13542,13543,13545,13547,13549,13552,13554,13556,13559],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,13544,70],{"class":69},[63,13546,74],{"class":73},[63,13548,2455],{"class":448},[63,13550,13551],{"class":452},"Backup:",[63,13553,2455],{"class":448},[63,13555,102],{"class":73},[63,13557,13558],{"class":181}," settings_backup",[63,13560,397],{"class":73},[20,13562,13563],{},[833,13564,110],{},[54,13566,13568],{"className":56,"code":13567,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13569,13570,13608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13571,13572,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13606],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13573,13574],{"class":382},"Current",[63,13576,2482],{"class":73},[63,13578,10102],{"class":73},[63,13580,456],{"class":448},[63,13582,12110],{"class":452},[63,13584,456],{"class":448},[63,13586,2482],{"class":73},[63,13588,449],{"class":448},[63,13590,12119],{"class":452},[63,13592,456],{"class":448},[63,13594,102],{"class":73},[63,13596,449],{"class":448},[63,13598,13468],{"class":452},[63,13600,456],{"class":448},[63,13602,2482],{"class":73},[63,13604,13605],{"class":82}," 16",[63,13607,8919],{"class":73},[63,13609,13610,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,13611,13612],{"class":382},"Backup",[63,13614,2482],{"class":73},[63,13616,10102],{"class":73},[63,13618,456],{"class":448},[63,13620,12110],{"class":452},[63,13622,456],{"class":448},[63,13624,2482],{"class":73},[63,13626,449],{"class":448},[63,13628,12119],{"class":452},[63,13630,456],{"class":448},[63,13632,102],{"class":73},[63,13634,449],{"class":448},[63,13636,13468],{"class":452},[63,13638,456],{"class":448},[63,13640,2482],{"class":73},[63,13642,13475],{"class":82},[63,13644,8919],{"class":73},[20,13646,13647,13648,632,13654,307],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[303,13649,13651],{"href":13650},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13652,13653],{},"dict.update()",[303,13655,13656],{"href":12439},[15,13657,10940],{},[49,13659,13661,13663],{"id":13660},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13662,12392],{}," vs assignment",[20,13665,13666],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13668,311,13669,13671,13672,13674],{},[15,13670,386],{}," does ",[833,13673,973],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1193,13676,13678],{"id":13677},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[54,13680,13682],{"className":56,"code":13681,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13683,13684,13716,13725,13729,13749,13753,13771,13791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13685,13686,13688,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13687,11701],{"class":382},[63,13689,386],{"class":270},[63,13691,10102],{"class":73},[63,13693,2455],{"class":448},[63,13695,1786],{"class":452},[63,13697,2455],{"class":448},[63,13699,2482],{"class":73},[63,13701,249],{"class":82},[63,13703,102],{"class":73},[63,13705,1375],{"class":448},[63,13707,11360],{"class":452},[63,13709,2455],{"class":448},[63,13711,2482],{"class":73},[63,13713,105],{"class":82},[63,13715,8919],{"class":73},[63,13717,13718,13721,13723],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,13719,13720],{"class":382},"assigned ",[63,13722,386],{"class":270},[63,13724,11739],{"class":382},[63,13726,13727],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,13728,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13730,13731,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,13732,13733],{"class":382},"assigned",[63,13735,3497],{"class":73},[63,13737,2455],{"class":448},[63,13739,1786],{"class":452},[63,13741,2455],{"class":448},[63,13743,12890],{"class":73},[63,13745,12893],{"class":270},[63,13747,13748],{"class":82}," 99\n",[63,13750,13751],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,13752,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13754,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,13756,70],{"class":69},[63,13758,74],{"class":73},[63,13760,2455],{"class":448},[63,13762,12911],{"class":452},[63,13764,2455],{"class":448},[63,13766,102],{"class":73},[63,13768,11776],{"class":181},[63,13770,397],{"class":73},[63,13772,13773,13775,13777,13779,13782,13784,13786,13789],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,13774,70],{"class":69},[63,13776,74],{"class":73},[63,13778,2455],{"class":448},[63,13780,13781],{"class":452},"Assigned:",[63,13783,2455],{"class":448},[63,13785,102],{"class":73},[63,13787,13788],{"class":181}," assigned",[63,13790,397],{"class":73},[63,13792,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,13794,70],{"class":69},[63,13796,74],{"class":73},[63,13798,11701],{"class":181},[63,13800,11809],{"class":3473},[63,13802,13788],{"class":181},[63,13804,397],{"class":73},[20,13806,13807],{},[833,13808,110],{},[54,13810,13812],{"className":56,"code":13811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13813,13814,13846,13879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13815,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13817,12953],{"class":382},[63,13819,2482],{"class":73},[63,13821,10102],{"class":73},[63,13823,456],{"class":448},[63,13825,1786],{"class":452},[63,13827,456],{"class":448},[63,13829,2482],{"class":73},[63,13831,9808],{"class":82},[63,13833,102],{"class":73},[63,13835,449],{"class":448},[63,13837,11360],{"class":452},[63,13839,456],{"class":448},[63,13841,2482],{"class":73},[63,13843,105],{"class":82},[63,13845,8919],{"class":73},[63,13847,13848,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,13849,13850],{"class":382},"Assigned",[63,13852,2482],{"class":73},[63,13854,10102],{"class":73},[63,13856,456],{"class":448},[63,13858,1786],{"class":452},[63,13860,456],{"class":448},[63,13862,2482],{"class":73},[63,13864,9808],{"class":82},[63,13866,102],{"class":73},[63,13868,449],{"class":448},[63,13870,11360],{"class":452},[63,13872,456],{"class":448},[63,13874,2482],{"class":73},[63,13876,105],{"class":82},[63,13878,8919],{"class":73},[63,13880,13881],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,13882,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,13884,311,13886],{"id":13885},"using-copy",[15,13887,12392],{},[54,13889,13891],{"className":56,"code":13890,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13892,13893,13925,13940,13944,13963,13967,13985,14005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13894,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13896,11701],{"class":382},[63,13898,386],{"class":270},[63,13900,10102],{"class":73},[63,13902,2455],{"class":448},[63,13904,1786],{"class":452},[63,13906,2455],{"class":448},[63,13908,2482],{"class":73},[63,13910,249],{"class":82},[63,13912,102],{"class":73},[63,13914,1375],{"class":448},[63,13916,11360],{"class":452},[63,13918,2455],{"class":448},[63,13920,2482],{"class":73},[63,13922,105],{"class":82},[63,13924,8919],{"class":73},[63,13926,13927,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,13928,13929],{"class":382},"copied ",[63,13931,386],{"class":270},[63,13933,11776],{"class":382},[63,13935,307],{"class":73},[63,13937,12527],{"class":181},[63,13939,8252],{"class":73},[63,13941,13942],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,13943,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13945,13946,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,13947,13948],{"class":382},"copied",[63,13950,3497],{"class":73},[63,13952,2455],{"class":448},[63,13954,1786],{"class":452},[63,13956,2455],{"class":448},[63,13958,12890],{"class":73},[63,13960,12893],{"class":270},[63,13962,13748],{"class":82},[63,13964,13965],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,13966,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,13968,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,13970,70],{"class":69},[63,13972,74],{"class":73},[63,13974,2455],{"class":448},[63,13976,12911],{"class":452},[63,13978,2455],{"class":448},[63,13980,102],{"class":73},[63,13982,11776],{"class":181},[63,13984,397],{"class":73},[63,13986,13987,13989,13991,13993,13996,13998,14000,14003],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,13988,70],{"class":69},[63,13990,74],{"class":73},[63,13992,2455],{"class":448},[63,13994,13995],{"class":452},"Copied:",[63,13997,2455],{"class":448},[63,13999,102],{"class":73},[63,14001,14002],{"class":181}," copied",[63,14004,397],{"class":73},[63,14006,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,14008,70],{"class":69},[63,14010,74],{"class":73},[63,14012,11701],{"class":181},[63,14014,11809],{"class":3473},[63,14016,14002],{"class":181},[63,14018,397],{"class":73},[20,14020,14021],{},[833,14022,110],{},[54,14024,14026],{"className":56,"code":14025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14027,14028,14060,14093],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14029,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14031,12953],{"class":382},[63,14033,2482],{"class":73},[63,14035,10102],{"class":73},[63,14037,456],{"class":448},[63,14039,1786],{"class":452},[63,14041,456],{"class":448},[63,14043,2482],{"class":73},[63,14045,249],{"class":82},[63,14047,102],{"class":73},[63,14049,449],{"class":448},[63,14051,11360],{"class":452},[63,14053,456],{"class":448},[63,14055,2482],{"class":73},[63,14057,105],{"class":82},[63,14059,8919],{"class":73},[63,14061,14062,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,14063,14064],{"class":382},"Copied",[63,14066,2482],{"class":73},[63,14068,10102],{"class":73},[63,14070,456],{"class":448},[63,14072,1786],{"class":452},[63,14074,456],{"class":448},[63,14076,2482],{"class":73},[63,14078,9808],{"class":82},[63,14080,102],{"class":73},[63,14082,449],{"class":448},[63,14084,11360],{"class":452},[63,14086,456],{"class":448},[63,14088,2482],{"class":73},[63,14090,105],{"class":82},[63,14092,8919],{"class":73},[63,14094,14095],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,14096,3638],{"class":3448},[20,14098,14099],{},"Summary:",[30,14101,14102,14108],{},[33,14103,14104,14107],{},[15,14105,14106],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14109,14110,14113],{},[15,14111,14112],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[49,14115,14117],{"id":14116},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14119,14120,2482],{},[15,14121,12392],{},[30,14123,14124,14127,14130,14133],{},[33,14125,14126],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14128,14129],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14131,14132],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14134,14135],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14137,1820],{},[54,14139,14141],{"className":56,"code":14140,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14142,14143,14175,14191,14195,14213,14233,14237,14255],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14144,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14146,8775],{"class":382},[63,14148,386],{"class":270},[63,14150,10102],{"class":73},[63,14152,2455],{"class":448},[63,14154,303],{"class":452},[63,14156,2455],{"class":448},[63,14158,2482],{"class":73},[63,14160,249],{"class":82},[63,14162,102],{"class":73},[63,14164,1375],{"class":448},[63,14166,4362],{"class":452},[63,14168,2455],{"class":448},[63,14170,2482],{"class":73},[63,14172,105],{"class":82},[63,14174,8919],{"class":73},[63,14176,14177,14180,14182,14185,14187,14189],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,14178,14179],{"class":382},"data_copy ",[63,14181,386],{"class":270},[63,14183,14184],{"class":382}," data",[63,14186,307],{"class":73},[63,14188,12527],{"class":181},[63,14190,8252],{"class":73},[63,14192,14193],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,14194,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,14196,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,14198,8814],{"class":382},[63,14200,3497],{"class":73},[63,14202,2455],{"class":448},[63,14204,303],{"class":452},[63,14206,2455],{"class":448},[63,14208,12890],{"class":73},[63,14210,12893],{"class":270},[63,14212,2190],{"class":82},[63,14214,14215,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,14216,14217],{"class":382},"data_copy",[63,14219,3497],{"class":73},[63,14221,2455],{"class":448},[63,14223,4362],{"class":452},[63,14225,2455],{"class":448},[63,14227,12890],{"class":73},[63,14229,12893],{"class":270},[63,14231,14232],{"class":82}," 20\n",[63,14234,14235],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,14236,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,14238,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,14240,70],{"class":69},[63,14242,74],{"class":73},[63,14244,2455],{"class":448},[63,14246,12911],{"class":452},[63,14248,2455],{"class":448},[63,14250,102],{"class":73},[63,14252,14184],{"class":181},[63,14254,397],{"class":73},[63,14256,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14272],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,14258,70],{"class":69},[63,14260,74],{"class":73},[63,14262,2455],{"class":448},[63,14264,12930],{"class":452},[63,14266,2455],{"class":448},[63,14268,102],{"class":73},[63,14270,14271],{"class":181}," data_copy",[63,14273,397],{"class":73},[20,14275,14276],{},[833,14277,110],{},[54,14279,14281],{"className":56,"code":14280,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14282,14283,14315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14284,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14286,12953],{"class":382},[63,14288,2482],{"class":73},[63,14290,10102],{"class":73},[63,14292,456],{"class":448},[63,14294,303],{"class":452},[63,14296,456],{"class":448},[63,14298,2482],{"class":73},[63,14300,5607],{"class":82},[63,14302,102],{"class":73},[63,14304,449],{"class":448},[63,14306,4362],{"class":452},[63,14308,456],{"class":448},[63,14310,2482],{"class":73},[63,14312,105],{"class":82},[63,14314,8919],{"class":73},[63,14316,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,14318,12990],{"class":382},[63,14320,2482],{"class":73},[63,14322,10102],{"class":73},[63,14324,456],{"class":448},[63,14326,303],{"class":452},[63,14328,456],{"class":448},[63,14330,2482],{"class":73},[63,14332,249],{"class":82},[63,14334,102],{"class":73},[63,14336,449],{"class":448},[63,14338,4362],{"class":452},[63,14340,456],{"class":448},[63,14342,2482],{"class":73},[63,14344,7397],{"class":82},[63,14346,8919],{"class":73},[49,14348,1186],{"id":1185},[20,14350,14351,14352,2482],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14353,12050],{},[30,14355,14356,14363,14368,14373],{},[33,14357,311,14358,10704,14360,14362],{},[15,14359,386],{},[15,14361,12392],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14364,4180,14365,14367],{},[15,14366,12392],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14369,14370,14371],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14372,12392],{},[33,14374,14375],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14377,14378],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[54,14380,14382],{"className":56,"code":14381,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14383,14384,14394,14404,14418,14441,14464],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14385,14386,14388,14390,14392],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14387,70],{"class":69},[63,14389,74],{"class":73},[63,14391,11748],{"class":181},[63,14393,397],{"class":73},[63,14395,14396,14398,14400,14402],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,14397,70],{"class":69},[63,14399,74],{"class":73},[63,14401,13948],{"class":181},[63,14403,397],{"class":73},[63,14405,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,14407,70],{"class":69},[63,14409,74],{"class":73},[63,14411,11701],{"class":181},[63,14413,11809],{"class":3473},[63,14415,14002],{"class":181},[63,14417,397],{"class":73},[63,14419,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14435,14437,14439],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,14421,70],{"class":69},[63,14423,74],{"class":73},[63,14425,12265],{"class":69},[63,14427,74],{"class":73},[63,14429,11748],{"class":181},[63,14431,8843],{"class":73},[63,14433,14434],{"class":69}," id",[63,14436,74],{"class":73},[63,14438,13948],{"class":181},[63,14440,86],{"class":73},[63,14442,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14460,14462],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,14444,70],{"class":69},[63,14446,74],{"class":73},[63,14448,12265],{"class":69},[63,14450,74],{"class":73},[63,14452,11748],{"class":181},[63,14454,3497],{"class":73},[63,14456,2455],{"class":448},[63,14458,14459],{"class":452},"key",[63,14461,2455],{"class":448},[63,14463,2596],{"class":73},[63,14465,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,14467,70],{"class":69},[63,14469,74],{"class":73},[63,14471,12265],{"class":69},[63,14473,74],{"class":73},[63,14475,13948],{"class":181},[63,14477,3497],{"class":73},[63,14479,2455],{"class":448},[63,14481,14459],{"class":452},[63,14483,2455],{"class":448},[63,14485,2596],{"class":73},[20,14487,14488],{},"What these help you check:",[30,14490,14491,14494,14497],{},[33,14492,14493],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,14495,14496],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,14498,14499],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14501,14502,14503,307],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[303,14504,14506],{"href":14505},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[49,14508,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,14510,1459,14512,14514],{"id":14511},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14513,12050],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14516,14517],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1193,14519,14521,14522,14524],{"id":14520},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14523,12050],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14526,14527],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1193,14529,4781,14531,3993,14533,1506],{"id":14530},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14532,12392],{},[15,14534,386],{},[20,14536,14537,14539,14540,14542],{},[15,14538,12392],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14541,386],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1193,14544,14546],{"id":14545},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14548,14549],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[49,14551,1517],{"id":1516},[30,14553,14554,14558,14562,14566,14573,14579],{},[33,14555,14556],{},[303,14557,10855],{"href":12642},[33,14559,14560],{},[303,14561,8765],{"href":12639},[33,14563,14564],{},[303,14565,13408],{"href":13407},[33,14567,14568],{},[303,14569,10348,14570,10352],{"href":13650},[15,14571,14572],{},"update()",[33,14574,14575],{},[303,14576,10348,14577,10352],{"href":12439},[15,14578,10934],{},[33,14580,14581],{},[303,14582,14583],{"href":14505},"How to copy a list in Python",[1542,14585,14586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":14588},[14589,14590,14592,14593,14594,14595,14597,14603,14604,14605,14614],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":12611,"depth":89,"text":14591},"What the copy() method does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":13050,"depth":89,"text":13051},{"id":13411,"depth":89,"text":14596},"When to use copy()",{"id":13660,"depth":89,"text":14598,"children":14599},"copy() vs assignment",[14600,14601],{"id":13677,"depth":254,"text":13678},{"id":13885,"depth":254,"text":14602},"Using copy()",{"id":14116,"depth":89,"text":14117},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":14606},[14607,14609,14611,14613],{"id":14511,"depth":254,"text":14608},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14520,"depth":254,"text":14610},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14530,"depth":254,"text":14612},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14545,"depth":254,"text":14546},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12445,"description":14615},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14622,"title":14623,"body":14624,"description":16821,"extension":1580,"meta":16822,"navigation":579,"path":12642,"seo":16823,"stem":16824,"__hash__":16825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14625,"toc":16783},[14626,14629,14635,14644,14646,14722,14726,14775,14778,14782,14796,14799,14803,14816,14819,14852,14866,14869,14881,14885,14888,14896,14976,14980,15033,15037,15055,15057,15139,15142,15144,15147,15150,15173,15197,15201,15209,15212,15216,15225,15230,15288,15292,15325,15331,15337,15340,15395,15399,15449,15452,15458,15461,15469,15471,15516,15521,15530,15533,15536,15583,15585,15590,15593,15687,15691,15744,15747,15803,15806,15810,15813,15827,15831,15897,15901,15926,15929,15933,16011,16015,16018,16020,16040,16043,16096,16100,16103,16106,16119,16121,16210,16217,16220,16231,16233,16236,16256,16260,16263,16272,16275,16314,16318,16320,16329,16338,16340,16378,16382,16429,16433,16454,16458,16461,16573,16578,16675,16697,16699,16703,16710,16714,16720,16724,16727,16731,16734,16741,16749,16751,16777,16780],[10,14627,14623],{"id":14628},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14630,14631,14632,14634],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[833,14633,8741],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14636,14637,14638,632,14640,307],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[303,14639,8765],{"href":8764},[303,14641,14643],{"href":14642},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[49,14645,52],{"id":51},[54,14647,14649],{"className":56,"code":14648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14650,14651,14659,14677,14691,14704,14708,14712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14652,14653,14655,14657],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14654,12479],{"class":382},[63,14656,386],{"class":270},[63,14658,11107],{"class":73},[63,14660,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,14662,11112],{"class":448},[63,14664,7274],{"class":452},[63,14666,2455],{"class":448},[63,14668,2482],{"class":73},[63,14670,1375],{"class":448},[63,14672,12496],{"class":452},[63,14674,2455],{"class":448},[63,14676,11128],{"class":73},[63,14678,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,14680,11112],{"class":448},[63,14682,8909],{"class":452},[63,14684,2455],{"class":448},[63,14686,2482],{"class":73},[63,14688,7397],{"class":82},[63,14690,11128],{"class":73},[63,14692,14693,14695,14698,14700,14702],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,14694,11112],{"class":448},[63,14696,14697],{"class":452},"is_active",[63,14699,2455],{"class":448},[63,14701,2482],{"class":73},[63,14703,6026],{"class":3448},[63,14705,14706],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,14707,8919],{"class":73},[63,14709,14710],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,14711,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,14713,14714,14716,14718,14720],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,14715,70],{"class":69},[63,14717,74],{"class":73},[63,14719,13243],{"class":181},[63,14721,397],{"class":73},[20,14723,14724],{},[833,14725,110],{},[54,14727,14729],{"className":56,"code":14728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14730,14731],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14732,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14734,8888],{"class":73},[63,14736,456],{"class":448},[63,14738,7274],{"class":452},[63,14740,456],{"class":448},[63,14742,2482],{"class":73},[63,14744,449],{"class":448},[63,14746,12496],{"class":452},[63,14748,456],{"class":448},[63,14750,102],{"class":73},[63,14752,449],{"class":448},[63,14754,8909],{"class":452},[63,14756,456],{"class":448},[63,14758,2482],{"class":73},[63,14760,7397],{"class":82},[63,14762,102],{"class":73},[63,14764,449],{"class":448},[63,14766,14697],{"class":452},[63,14768,456],{"class":448},[63,14770,2482],{"class":73},[63,14772,3513],{"class":3448},[63,14774,8919],{"class":73},[20,14776,14777],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[49,14779,14781],{"id":14780},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,14783,14784,14787,14790,14793],{},[33,14785,14786],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,14788,14789],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,14791,14792],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,14794,14795],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[49,14797,14786],{"id":14798},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14800,8738,14801,307],{},[833,14802,8741],{},[30,14804,14805,14811],{},[33,14806,14807,14808,14810],{},"A ",[833,14809,14459],{}," is the label",[33,14812,14807,14813,14815],{},[833,14814,1002],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14817,14818],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[54,14820,14822],{"className":56,"code":14821,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14823,14824,14832,14848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14825,14826,14828,14830],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14827,12479],{"class":382},[63,14829,386],{"class":270},[63,14831,11107],{"class":73},[63,14833,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,14835,11112],{"class":448},[63,14837,7274],{"class":452},[63,14839,2455],{"class":448},[63,14841,2482],{"class":73},[63,14843,1375],{"class":448},[63,14845,12496],{"class":452},[63,14847,1381],{"class":448},[63,14849,14850],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,14851,8919],{"class":73},[30,14853,14854,14860],{},[33,14855,14856,14859],{},[15,14857,14858],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,14861,14862,14865],{},[15,14863,14864],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14867,14868],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,14870,14871,14873,14875,14878],{},[33,14872,7274],{},[33,14874,8909],{},[33,14876,14877],{},"email",[33,14879,14880],{},"country",[49,14882,14884],{"id":14883},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14886,14887],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14889,128,14890,14892,14893,307],{},[15,14891,3387],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14894,14895],{},"key: value",[54,14897,14899],{"className":56,"code":14898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14900,14901,14909,14927,14941,14958,14962,14966],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14902,14903,14905,14907],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14904,12479],{"class":382},[63,14906,386],{"class":270},[63,14908,11107],{"class":73},[63,14910,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,14912,11112],{"class":448},[63,14914,7274],{"class":452},[63,14916,2455],{"class":448},[63,14918,2482],{"class":73},[63,14920,1375],{"class":448},[63,14922,12496],{"class":452},[63,14924,2455],{"class":448},[63,14926,11128],{"class":73},[63,14928,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,14930,11112],{"class":448},[63,14932,8909],{"class":452},[63,14934,2455],{"class":448},[63,14936,2482],{"class":73},[63,14938,7397],{"class":82},[63,14940,11128],{"class":73},[63,14942,14943,14945,14948,14950,14952,14954,14956],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,14944,11112],{"class":448},[63,14946,14947],{"class":452},"course",[63,14949,2455],{"class":448},[63,14951,2482],{"class":73},[63,14953,1375],{"class":448},[63,14955,6902],{"class":452},[63,14957,1381],{"class":448},[63,14959,14960],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,14961,8919],{"class":73},[63,14963,14964],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,14965,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,14967,14968,14970,14972,14974],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,14969,70],{"class":69},[63,14971,74],{"class":73},[63,14973,13243],{"class":181},[63,14975,397],{"class":73},[20,14977,14978],{},[833,14979,110],{},[54,14981,14983],{"className":56,"code":14982,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14984,14985],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14986,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029,15031],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14988,8888],{"class":73},[63,14990,456],{"class":448},[63,14992,7274],{"class":452},[63,14994,456],{"class":448},[63,14996,2482],{"class":73},[63,14998,449],{"class":448},[63,15000,12496],{"class":452},[63,15002,456],{"class":448},[63,15004,102],{"class":73},[63,15006,449],{"class":448},[63,15008,8909],{"class":452},[63,15010,456],{"class":448},[63,15012,2482],{"class":73},[63,15014,7397],{"class":82},[63,15016,102],{"class":73},[63,15018,449],{"class":448},[63,15020,14947],{"class":452},[63,15022,456],{"class":448},[63,15024,2482],{"class":73},[63,15026,449],{"class":448},[63,15028,6902],{"class":452},[63,15030,456],{"class":448},[63,15032,8919],{"class":73},[1193,15034,15036],{"id":15035},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15038,15039,15044,15049,15052],{},[33,15040,128,15041,15043],{},[15,15042,3387],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15045,15046,15047],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15048,14895],{},[33,15050,15051],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15053,15054],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15056,1820],{},[54,15058,15060],{"className":56,"code":15059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15061,15062,15071,15091,15107,15120,15124,15128],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15063,15064,15067,15069],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15065,15066],{"class":382},"book ",[63,15068,386],{"class":270},[63,15070,11107],{"class":73},[63,15072,15073,15075,15078,15080,15082,15084,15087,15089],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15074,11112],{"class":448},[63,15076,15077],{"class":452},"title",[63,15079,2455],{"class":448},[63,15081,2482],{"class":73},[63,15083,1375],{"class":448},[63,15085,15086],{"class":452},"Python Basics",[63,15088,2455],{"class":448},[63,15090,11128],{"class":73},[63,15092,15093,15095,15098,15100,15102,15105],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,15094,11112],{"class":448},[63,15096,15097],{"class":452},"pages",[63,15099,2455],{"class":448},[63,15101,2482],{"class":73},[63,15103,15104],{"class":82}," 150",[63,15106,11128],{"class":73},[63,15108,15109,15111,15114,15116,15118],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,15110,11112],{"class":448},[63,15112,15113],{"class":452},"available",[63,15115,2455],{"class":448},[63,15117,2482],{"class":73},[63,15119,6026],{"class":3448},[63,15121,15122],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,15123,8919],{"class":73},[63,15125,15126],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,15127,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,15129,15130,15132,15134,15137],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,15131,70],{"class":69},[63,15133,74],{"class":73},[63,15135,15136],{"class":181},"book",[63,15138,397],{"class":73},[20,15140,15141],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[49,15143,9013],{"id":9012},[20,15145,15146],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15148,15149],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[54,15151,15153],{"className":56,"code":15152,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15154,15155,15163],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15156,15157,15159,15161],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15158,8775],{"class":382},[63,15160,386],{"class":270},[63,15162,9449],{"class":73},[63,15164,15165,15167,15169,15171],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15166,70],{"class":69},[63,15168,74],{"class":73},[63,15170,8814],{"class":181},[63,15172,397],{"class":73},[54,15174,15175],{"className":56,"code":9016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,15176,15177,15187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15178,15179,15181,15183,15185],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15180,8775],{"class":382},[63,15182,386],{"class":270},[63,15184,8780],{"class":417},[63,15186,8252],{"class":73},[63,15188,15189,15191,15193,15195],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15190,70],{"class":69},[63,15192,74],{"class":73},[63,15194,8814],{"class":181},[63,15196,397],{"class":73},[20,15198,15199],{},[833,15200,110],{},[54,15202,15203],{"className":56,"code":9045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,15204,15205],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15206,15207],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15208,9045],{"class":73},[20,15210,15211],{},"Both are correct.",[1193,15213,15215],{"id":15214},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15217,15218,15220,15221,15224],{},[15,15219,3387],{}," creates an empty ",[833,15222,15223],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15226,15227,15228,307],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15229,3392],{},[54,15231,15233],{"className":56,"code":15232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15234,15235,15243,15255,15259,15273],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15236,15237,15239,15241],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15238,11339],{"class":382},[63,15240,386],{"class":270},[63,15242,9449],{"class":73},[63,15244,15245,15248,15250,15253],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15246,15247],{"class":382},"my_set ",[63,15249,386],{"class":270},[63,15251,15252],{"class":417}," set",[63,15254,8252],{"class":73},[63,15256,15257],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,15258,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,15260,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269,15271],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,15262,70],{"class":69},[63,15264,74],{"class":73},[63,15266,418],{"class":417},[63,15268,74],{"class":73},[63,15270,11063],{"class":181},[63,15272,86],{"class":73},[63,15274,15275,15277,15279,15281,15283,15286],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,15276,70],{"class":69},[63,15278,74],{"class":73},[63,15280,418],{"class":417},[63,15282,74],{"class":73},[63,15284,15285],{"class":181},"my_set",[63,15287,86],{"class":73},[20,15289,15290],{},[833,15291,110],{},[54,15293,15295],{"className":56,"code":15294,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15296,15297,15311],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15298,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307,15309],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15300,441],{"class":270},[63,15302,445],{"class":444},[63,15304,449],{"class":448},[63,15306,8431],{"class":452},[63,15308,456],{"class":448},[63,15310,459],{"class":270},[63,15312,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15314,441],{"class":270},[63,15316,445],{"class":444},[63,15318,449],{"class":448},[63,15320,5890],{"class":452},[63,15322,456],{"class":448},[63,15324,459],{"class":270},[49,15326,15328,15329],{"id":15327},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15330,8730],{},[20,15332,15333,15334,15336],{},"You can also use ",[15,15335,8730],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15338,15339],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[54,15341,15343],{"className":56,"code":15342,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15344,15345,15385],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15346,15347,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369,15371,15374,15376,15379,15381,15383],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15348,12479],{"class":382},[63,15350,386],{"class":270},[63,15352,8780],{"class":417},[63,15354,74],{"class":73},[63,15356,7274],{"class":8785},[63,15358,386],{"class":270},[63,15360,2455],{"class":448},[63,15362,12496],{"class":452},[63,15364,2455],{"class":448},[63,15366,102],{"class":73},[63,15368,8798],{"class":8785},[63,15370,386],{"class":270},[63,15372,15373],{"class":82},"20",[63,15375,102],{"class":73},[63,15377,15378],{"class":8785}," active",[63,15380,386],{"class":270},[63,15382,3196],{"class":3448},[63,15384,397],{"class":73},[63,15386,15387,15389,15391,15393],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15388,70],{"class":69},[63,15390,74],{"class":73},[63,15392,13243],{"class":181},[63,15394,397],{"class":73},[20,15396,15397],{},[833,15398,110],{},[54,15400,15402],{"className":56,"code":15401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15403,15404],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15405,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15441,15443,15445,15447],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15407,8888],{"class":73},[63,15409,456],{"class":448},[63,15411,7274],{"class":452},[63,15413,456],{"class":448},[63,15415,2482],{"class":73},[63,15417,449],{"class":448},[63,15419,12496],{"class":452},[63,15421,456],{"class":448},[63,15423,102],{"class":73},[63,15425,449],{"class":448},[63,15427,8909],{"class":452},[63,15429,456],{"class":448},[63,15431,2482],{"class":73},[63,15433,7397],{"class":82},[63,15435,102],{"class":73},[63,15437,449],{"class":448},[63,15439,15440],{"class":452},"active",[63,15442,456],{"class":448},[63,15444,2482],{"class":73},[63,15446,3513],{"class":3448},[63,15448,8919],{"class":73},[20,15450,15451],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1193,15453,15455,15456],{"id":15454},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15457,8730],{},[20,15459,15460],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,15462,15463,15466],{},[33,15464,15465],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,15467,15468],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15470,6292],{},[54,15472,15474],{"className":56,"code":15473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15475,15476,15506],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15477,15478,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15479,11102],{"class":382},[63,15481,386],{"class":270},[63,15483,8780],{"class":417},[63,15485,74],{"class":73},[63,15487,7274],{"class":8785},[63,15489,386],{"class":270},[63,15491,2455],{"class":448},[63,15493,7283],{"class":452},[63,15495,2455],{"class":448},[63,15497,102],{"class":73},[63,15499,8798],{"class":8785},[63,15501,386],{"class":270},[63,15503,8803],{"class":82},[63,15505,397],{"class":73},[63,15507,15508,15510,15512,15514],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15509,70],{"class":69},[63,15511,74],{"class":73},[63,15513,11196],{"class":181},[63,15515,397],{"class":73},[20,15517,4229,15518,15520],{},[833,15519,973],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[54,15522,15524],{"className":56,"code":15523,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15525,15526],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15527,15528],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15529,15523],{"class":1357},[20,15531,15532],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15534,15535],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[54,15537,15539],{"className":56,"code":15538,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15540,15541,15549,15565,15569,15573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15542,15543,15545,15547],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15544,11102],{"class":382},[63,15546,386],{"class":270},[63,15548,11107],{"class":73},[63,15550,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15552,11112],{"class":448},[63,15554,10107],{"class":452},[63,15556,2455],{"class":448},[63,15558,2482],{"class":73},[63,15560,1375],{"class":448},[63,15562,7283],{"class":452},[63,15564,1381],{"class":448},[63,15566,15567],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,15568,8919],{"class":73},[63,15570,15571],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,15572,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,15574,15575,15577,15579,15581],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,15576,70],{"class":69},[63,15578,74],{"class":73},[63,15580,11196],{"class":181},[63,15582,397],{"class":73},[49,15584,9055],{"id":9054},[20,15586,15587,15589],{},[15,15588,8730],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15591,15592],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[54,15594,15596],{"className":56,"code":15595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15597,15598,15655,15659,15673,15677],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15599,15600,15602,15604,15606,15608,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15651,15653],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15601,8825],{"class":382},[63,15603,386],{"class":270},[63,15605,8830],{"class":73},[63,15607,2455],{"class":448},[63,15609,7274],{"class":452},[63,15611,2455],{"class":448},[63,15613,102],{"class":73},[63,15615,1375],{"class":448},[63,15617,12496],{"class":452},[63,15619,2455],{"class":448},[63,15621,8843],{"class":73},[63,15623,8846],{"class":73},[63,15625,2455],{"class":448},[63,15627,8909],{"class":452},[63,15629,2455],{"class":448},[63,15631,102],{"class":73},[63,15633,7397],{"class":82},[63,15635,8843],{"class":73},[63,15637,8846],{"class":73},[63,15639,2455],{"class":448},[63,15641,10020],{"class":452},[63,15643,2455],{"class":448},[63,15645,102],{"class":73},[63,15647,1375],{"class":448},[63,15649,15650],{"class":452},"Lima",[63,15652,2455],{"class":448},[63,15654,8859],{"class":73},[63,15656,15657],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15658,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,15660,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,15662,12479],{"class":382},[63,15664,386],{"class":270},[63,15666,8780],{"class":417},[63,15668,74],{"class":73},[63,15670,8872],{"class":181},[63,15672,397],{"class":73},[63,15674,15675],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,15676,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,15678,15679,15681,15683,15685],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,15680,70],{"class":69},[63,15682,74],{"class":73},[63,15684,13243],{"class":181},[63,15686,397],{"class":73},[20,15688,15689],{},[833,15690,110],{},[54,15692,15694],{"className":56,"code":15693,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15695,15696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15697,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15699,8888],{"class":73},[63,15701,456],{"class":448},[63,15703,7274],{"class":452},[63,15705,456],{"class":448},[63,15707,2482],{"class":73},[63,15709,449],{"class":448},[63,15711,12496],{"class":452},[63,15713,456],{"class":448},[63,15715,102],{"class":73},[63,15717,449],{"class":448},[63,15719,8909],{"class":452},[63,15721,456],{"class":448},[63,15723,2482],{"class":73},[63,15725,7397],{"class":82},[63,15727,102],{"class":73},[63,15729,449],{"class":448},[63,15731,10020],{"class":452},[63,15733,456],{"class":448},[63,15735,2482],{"class":73},[63,15737,449],{"class":448},[63,15739,15650],{"class":452},[63,15741,456],{"class":448},[63,15743,8919],{"class":73},[20,15745,15746],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[54,15748,15750],{"className":56,"code":15749,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15751,15752,15793],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15753,15754,15756,15758,15760,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781,15783,15785,15787,15789,15791],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15755,12479],{"class":382},[63,15757,386],{"class":270},[63,15759,8780],{"class":417},[63,15761,15762],{"class":73},"(((",[63,15764,2455],{"class":448},[63,15766,7274],{"class":452},[63,15768,2455],{"class":448},[63,15770,102],{"class":73},[63,15772,1375],{"class":448},[63,15774,12496],{"class":452},[63,15776,2455],{"class":448},[63,15778,8843],{"class":73},[63,15780,8846],{"class":73},[63,15782,2455],{"class":448},[63,15784,8909],{"class":452},[63,15786,2455],{"class":448},[63,15788,102],{"class":73},[63,15790,7397],{"class":82},[63,15792,2510],{"class":73},[63,15794,15795,15797,15799,15801],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15796,70],{"class":69},[63,15798,74],{"class":73},[63,15800,13243],{"class":181},[63,15802,397],{"class":73},[20,15804,15805],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[49,15807,15809],{"id":15808},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15811,15812],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,15814,15815,15818,15821,15824],{},[33,15816,15817],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,15819,15820],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,15822,15823],{},"Values can repeat",[33,15825,15826],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1193,15828,15830],{"id":15829},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[54,15832,15834],{"className":56,"code":15833,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15835,15836,15844,15862,15879,15883,15887],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15837,15838,15840,15842],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15839,8775],{"class":382},[63,15841,386],{"class":270},[63,15843,11107],{"class":73},[63,15845,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854,15856,15858,15860],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15847,11112],{"class":448},[63,15849,7274],{"class":452},[63,15851,2455],{"class":448},[63,15853,2482],{"class":73},[63,15855,1375],{"class":448},[63,15857,12496],{"class":452},[63,15859,2455],{"class":448},[63,15861,11128],{"class":73},[63,15863,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15877],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,15865,11112],{"class":448},[63,15867,7274],{"class":452},[63,15869,2455],{"class":448},[63,15871,2482],{"class":73},[63,15873,1375],{"class":448},[63,15875,15876],{"class":452},"Maria",[63,15878,1381],{"class":448},[63,15880,15881],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,15882,8919],{"class":73},[63,15884,15885],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,15886,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,15888,15889,15891,15893,15895],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,15890,70],{"class":69},[63,15892,74],{"class":73},[63,15894,8814],{"class":181},[63,15896,397],{"class":73},[20,15898,15899],{},[833,15900,110],{},[54,15902,15904],{"className":56,"code":15903,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15905,15906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15907,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15909,8888],{"class":73},[63,15911,456],{"class":448},[63,15913,7274],{"class":452},[63,15915,456],{"class":448},[63,15917,2482],{"class":73},[63,15919,449],{"class":448},[63,15921,15876],{"class":452},[63,15923,456],{"class":448},[63,15925,8919],{"class":73},[20,15927,15928],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1193,15930,15932],{"id":15931},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[54,15934,15936],{"className":56,"code":15935,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15937,15938,15946,15962,15978,15992,15996,16000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15939,15940,15942,15944],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15941,4665],{"class":382},[63,15943,386],{"class":270},[63,15945,11107],{"class":73},[63,15947,15948,15951,15953,15955,15958,15960],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,15949,15950],{"class":82},"    1",[63,15952,2482],{"class":73},[63,15954,1375],{"class":448},[63,15956,15957],{"class":452},"low",[63,15959,2455],{"class":448},[63,15961,11128],{"class":73},[63,15963,15964,15967,15969,15971,15974,15976],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,15965,15966],{"class":82},"    2",[63,15968,2482],{"class":73},[63,15970,1375],{"class":448},[63,15972,15973],{"class":452},"medium",[63,15975,2455],{"class":448},[63,15977,11128],{"class":73},[63,15979,15980,15983,15985,15987,15990],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,15981,15982],{"class":82},"    3",[63,15984,2482],{"class":73},[63,15986,1375],{"class":448},[63,15988,15989],{"class":452},"high",[63,15991,1381],{"class":448},[63,15993,15994],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,15995,8919],{"class":73},[63,15997,15998],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,15999,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,16001,16002,16004,16006,16009],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,16003,70],{"class":69},[63,16005,74],{"class":73},[63,16007,16008],{"class":181},"scores",[63,16010,397],{"class":73},[1193,16012,16014],{"id":16013},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16016,16017],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16019,1347],{},[54,16021,16023],{"className":56,"code":16022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16024,16025,16030,16035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16026,16027],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16028,16029],{"class":1357},"# bad = {\n",[63,16031,16032],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16033,16034],{"class":1357},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[63,16036,16037],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,16038,16039],{"class":1357},"# }\n",[20,16041,16042],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[54,16044,16046],{"className":56,"code":16045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16047,16048,16057,16077,16081,16085],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16049,16050,16053,16055],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16051,16052],{"class":382},"good ",[63,16054,386],{"class":270},[63,16056,11107],{"class":73},[63,16058,16059,16062,16064,16066,16068,16071,16073,16075],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16060,16061],{"class":73},"    (",[63,16063,674],{"class":82},[63,16065,102],{"class":73},[63,16067,105],{"class":82},[63,16069,16070],{"class":73},"):",[63,16072,1375],{"class":448},[63,16074,3243],{"class":452},[63,16076,1381],{"class":448},[63,16078,16079],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,16080,8919],{"class":73},[63,16082,16083],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,16084,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,16086,16087,16089,16091,16094],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,16088,70],{"class":69},[63,16090,74],{"class":73},[63,16092,16093],{"class":181},"good",[63,16095,397],{"class":73},[49,16097,16099],{"id":16098},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16101,16102],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16104,16105],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16107,16108,16111,16113,16116],{},[33,16109,16110],{},"user data",[33,16112,13502],{},[33,16114,16115],{},"counters",[33,16117,16118],{},"lookups",[20,16120,1820],{},[54,16122,16124],{"className":56,"code":16123,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16125,16126,16134,16153,16172,16184,16188,16192],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16127,16128,16130,16132],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16129,11102],{"class":382},[63,16131,386],{"class":270},[63,16133,11107],{"class":73},[63,16135,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16149,16151],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16137,11112],{"class":448},[63,16139,7593],{"class":452},[63,16141,2455],{"class":448},[63,16143,2482],{"class":73},[63,16145,1375],{"class":448},[63,16147,16148],{"class":452},"ana123",[63,16150,2455],{"class":448},[63,16152,11128],{"class":73},[63,16154,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16168,16170],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,16156,11112],{"class":448},[63,16158,14877],{"class":452},[63,16160,2455],{"class":448},[63,16162,2482],{"class":73},[63,16164,1375],{"class":448},[63,16166,16167],{"class":452},"ana@example.com",[63,16169,2455],{"class":448},[63,16171,11128],{"class":73},[63,16173,16174,16176,16178,16180,16182],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,16175,11112],{"class":448},[63,16177,12130],{"class":452},[63,16179,2455],{"class":448},[63,16181,2482],{"class":73},[63,16183,6026],{"class":3448},[63,16185,16186],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,16187,8919],{"class":73},[63,16189,16190],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,16191,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,16193,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,16195,70],{"class":69},[63,16197,74],{"class":73},[63,16199,11196],{"class":181},[63,16201,3497],{"class":73},[63,16203,2455],{"class":448},[63,16205,14877],{"class":452},[63,16207,2455],{"class":448},[63,16209,191],{"class":73},[20,16211,16212,16213,307],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[303,16214,16216],{"href":16215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16218,16219],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16221,16222,16225,16228],{},[33,16223,16224],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16226,16227],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16229,16230],{},"order matters more than named fields",[49,16232,1186],{"id":1185},[20,16234,16235],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16237,16238,16241,16244,16247,16250],{},[33,16239,16240],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16242,16243],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16245,16246],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16248,16249],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16251,16252,16253,16255],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16254,3387],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1193,16257,16259],{"id":16258},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16261,16262],{},"Wrong:",[54,16264,16266],{"className":56,"code":16265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16267,16268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16269,16270],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16271,16265],{"class":1357},[20,16273,16274],{},"Correct:",[54,16276,16278],{"className":56,"code":16277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16279,16280,16304],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16281,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16283,12479],{"class":382},[63,16285,386],{"class":270},[63,16287,10102],{"class":73},[63,16289,2455],{"class":448},[63,16291,7274],{"class":452},[63,16293,2455],{"class":448},[63,16295,2482],{"class":73},[63,16297,1375],{"class":448},[63,16299,12496],{"class":452},[63,16301,2455],{"class":448},[63,16303,8919],{"class":73},[63,16305,16306,16308,16310,16312],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16307,70],{"class":69},[63,16309,74],{"class":73},[63,16311,13243],{"class":181},[63,16313,397],{"class":73},[1193,16315,16317],{"id":16316},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16319,16262],{},[54,16321,16323],{"className":56,"code":16322,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16324,16325],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16326,16327],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16328,16322],{"class":1357},[20,16330,16331,16332,16334,16335,16337],{},"This only works if ",[15,16333,7274],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16336,14858],{},", use quotes.",[20,16339,16274],{},[54,16341,16342],{"className":56,"code":16277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,16343,16344,16368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16345,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362,16364,16366],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16347,12479],{"class":382},[63,16349,386],{"class":270},[63,16351,10102],{"class":73},[63,16353,2455],{"class":448},[63,16355,7274],{"class":452},[63,16357,2455],{"class":448},[63,16359,2482],{"class":73},[63,16361,1375],{"class":448},[63,16363,12496],{"class":452},[63,16365,2455],{"class":448},[63,16367,8919],{"class":73},[63,16369,16370,16372,16374,16376],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16371,70],{"class":69},[63,16373,74],{"class":73},[63,16375,13243],{"class":181},[63,16377,397],{"class":73},[1193,16379,16381],{"id":16380},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[54,16383,16385],{"className":56,"code":16384,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16386,16387,16419],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16388,16389,16391,16393,16395,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16390,8775],{"class":382},[63,16392,386],{"class":270},[63,16394,10102],{"class":73},[63,16396,2455],{"class":448},[63,16398,8909],{"class":452},[63,16400,2455],{"class":448},[63,16402,2482],{"class":73},[63,16404,7397],{"class":82},[63,16406,102],{"class":73},[63,16408,1375],{"class":448},[63,16410,8909],{"class":452},[63,16412,2455],{"class":448},[63,16414,2482],{"class":73},[63,16416,7402],{"class":82},[63,16418,8919],{"class":73},[63,16420,16421,16423,16425,16427],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16422,70],{"class":69},[63,16424,74],{"class":73},[63,16426,8814],{"class":181},[63,16428,397],{"class":73},[20,16430,16431],{},[833,16432,110],{},[54,16434,16436],{"className":56,"code":16435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16437,16438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16439,16440,16442,16444,16446,16448,16450,16452],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16441,8888],{"class":73},[63,16443,456],{"class":448},[63,16445,8909],{"class":452},[63,16447,456],{"class":448},[63,16449,2482],{"class":73},[63,16451,7402],{"class":82},[63,16453,8919],{"class":73},[49,16455,16457],{"id":16456},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16459,16460],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[54,16462,16464],{"className":56,"code":16463,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16465,16466,16502,16506,16516,16530,16545,16559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16467,16468,16470,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16469,11339],{"class":382},[63,16471,386],{"class":270},[63,16473,10102],{"class":73},[63,16475,2455],{"class":448},[63,16477,7274],{"class":452},[63,16479,2455],{"class":448},[63,16481,2482],{"class":73},[63,16483,1375],{"class":448},[63,16485,12496],{"class":452},[63,16487,2455],{"class":448},[63,16489,102],{"class":73},[63,16491,1375],{"class":448},[63,16493,8909],{"class":452},[63,16495,2455],{"class":448},[63,16497,2482],{"class":73},[63,16499,7397],{"class":82},[63,16501,8919],{"class":73},[63,16503,16504],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16505,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,16507,16508,16510,16512,16514],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,16509,70],{"class":69},[63,16511,74],{"class":73},[63,16513,11063],{"class":181},[63,16515,397],{"class":73},[63,16517,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,16519,70],{"class":69},[63,16521,74],{"class":73},[63,16523,418],{"class":417},[63,16525,74],{"class":73},[63,16527,11063],{"class":181},[63,16529,86],{"class":73},[63,16531,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540,16543],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,16533,70],{"class":69},[63,16535,74],{"class":73},[63,16537,11063],{"class":181},[63,16539,307],{"class":73},[63,16541,16542],{"class":181},"keys",[63,16544,6799],{"class":73},[63,16546,16547,16549,16551,16553,16555,16557],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,16548,70],{"class":69},[63,16550,74],{"class":73},[63,16552,11063],{"class":181},[63,16554,307],{"class":73},[63,16556,4961],{"class":181},[63,16558,6799],{"class":73},[63,16560,16561,16563,16565,16567,16569,16571],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,16562,70],{"class":69},[63,16564,74],{"class":73},[63,16566,10774],{"class":69},[63,16568,74],{"class":73},[63,16570,11063],{"class":181},[63,16572,86],{"class":73},[20,16574,16575],{},[833,16576,16577],{},"Example output:",[54,16579,16581],{"className":56,"code":16580,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16582,16583,16615,16629,16652,16671],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16584,16585,16587,16589,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16586,8888],{"class":73},[63,16588,456],{"class":448},[63,16590,7274],{"class":452},[63,16592,456],{"class":448},[63,16594,2482],{"class":73},[63,16596,449],{"class":448},[63,16598,12496],{"class":452},[63,16600,456],{"class":448},[63,16602,102],{"class":73},[63,16604,449],{"class":448},[63,16606,8909],{"class":452},[63,16608,456],{"class":448},[63,16610,2482],{"class":73},[63,16612,7397],{"class":82},[63,16614,8919],{"class":73},[63,16616,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16618,441],{"class":270},[63,16620,445],{"class":444},[63,16622,449],{"class":448},[63,16624,8431],{"class":452},[63,16626,456],{"class":448},[63,16628,459],{"class":270},[63,16630,16631,16634,16636,16638,16640,16642,16644,16646,16648,16650],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,16632,16633],{"class":181},"dict_keys",[63,16635,2583],{"class":73},[63,16637,456],{"class":448},[63,16639,7274],{"class":452},[63,16641,456],{"class":448},[63,16643,102],{"class":73},[63,16645,449],{"class":448},[63,16647,8909],{"class":452},[63,16649,456],{"class":448},[63,16651,191],{"class":73},[63,16653,16654,16657,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,16655,16656],{"class":181},"dict_values",[63,16658,2583],{"class":73},[63,16660,456],{"class":448},[63,16662,12496],{"class":452},[63,16664,456],{"class":448},[63,16666,102],{"class":73},[63,16668,7397],{"class":82},[63,16670,191],{"class":73},[63,16672,16673],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,16674,824],{"class":82},[20,16676,16677,16678,1801,16684,16690,16691,307],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[303,16679,10348,16681],{"href":16680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16682,16683],{},"keys()",[303,16685,10348,16687],{"href":16686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16688,16689],{},"values()",", and ",[303,16692,10348,16694],{"href":16693},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16695,16696],{},"items()",[49,16698,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,16700,16702],{"id":16701},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16704,128,16705,632,16707,16709],{},[15,16706,3387],{},[15,16708,8730],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1193,16711,16713],{"id":16712},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16715,16716,16717,307],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16718,16719],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1193,16721,16723],{"id":16722},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16725,16726],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1193,16728,16730],{"id":16729},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16732,16733],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1193,16735,4781,16737,3993,16739,1506],{"id":16736},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16738,3387],{},[15,16740,8730],{},[20,16742,16743,16745,16746,16748],{},[15,16744,3387],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16747,8730],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[49,16750,1517],{"id":1516},[30,16752,16753,16757,16763,16767,16773],{},[33,16754,16755],{},[303,16756,8765],{"href":8764},[33,16758,16759],{},[303,16760,10348,16761,10352],{"href":10347},[15,16762,10351],{},[33,16764,16765],{},[303,16766,10864],{"href":10342},[33,16768,16769],{},[303,16770,16772],{"href":16771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,16774,16775],{},[303,16776,10875],{"href":10686},[20,16778,16779],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1542,16781,16782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":16784},[16785,16786,16787,16788,16791,16794,16799,16800,16805,16806,16811,16812,16820],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":14780,"depth":89,"text":14781},{"id":14798,"depth":89,"text":14786},{"id":14883,"depth":89,"text":14884,"children":16789},[16790],{"id":15035,"depth":254,"text":15036},{"id":9012,"depth":89,"text":9013,"children":16792},[16793],{"id":15214,"depth":254,"text":15215},{"id":15327,"depth":89,"text":16795,"children":16796},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16797],{"id":15454,"depth":254,"text":16798},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9054,"depth":89,"text":9055},{"id":15808,"depth":89,"text":15809,"children":16801},[16802,16803,16804],{"id":15829,"depth":254,"text":15830},{"id":15931,"depth":254,"text":15932},{"id":16013,"depth":254,"text":16014},{"id":16098,"depth":89,"text":16099},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":16807},[16808,16809,16810],{"id":16258,"depth":254,"text":16259},{"id":16316,"depth":254,"text":16317},{"id":16380,"depth":254,"text":16381},{"id":16456,"depth":89,"text":16457},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":16813},[16814,16815,16816,16817,16818],{"id":16701,"depth":254,"text":16702},{"id":16712,"depth":254,"text":16713},{"id":16722,"depth":254,"text":16723},{"id":16729,"depth":254,"text":16730},{"id":16736,"depth":254,"text":16819},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14623,"description":16821},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16827,"title":16828,"body":16829,"description":19280,"extension":1580,"meta":19281,"navigation":579,"path":19282,"seo":19283,"stem":19284,"__hash__":19285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16830,"toc":19236},[16831,16837,16843,16846,16849,16851,16933,16939,16944,16948,16966,16978,16983,16987,17010,17014,17026,17034,17038,17044,17046,17049,17124,17126,17171,17173,17190,17195,17201,17206,17280,17282,17327,17330,17341,17343,17462,17464,17517,17524,17528,17531,17548,17554,17558,17656,17658,17710,17717,17721,17727,17730,17733,17760,17765,17769,17772,17876,17878,17923,17926,17929,17934,17939,17950,17952,18013,18073,18079,18087,18093,18098,18103,18163,18167,18234,18237,18241,18312,18315,18328,18335,18337,18341,18345,18416,18418,18455,18458,18461,18524,18531,18534,18576,18586,18589,18658,18664,18669,18753,18755,18804,18811,18817,18862,18864,18897,18902,18906,18912,18951,18995,19063,19106,19108,19114,19117,19121,19126,19130,19133,19137,19139,19200,19202,19228,19233],[10,16832,10931,16834,10935],{"id":16833},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16835,16836],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16838,16839,16842],{},[15,16840,16841],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16844,16845],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16847,16848],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[49,16850,52],{"id":51},[54,16852,16854],{"className":56,"code":16853,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16855,16856,16889,16917,16928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16857,16858,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16859,16860],{"class":382},"keys ",[63,16862,386],{"class":270},[63,16864,3216],{"class":73},[63,16866,2455],{"class":448},[63,16868,7274],{"class":452},[63,16870,2455],{"class":448},[63,16872,102],{"class":73},[63,16874,1375],{"class":448},[63,16876,8909],{"class":452},[63,16878,2455],{"class":448},[63,16880,102],{"class":73},[63,16882,1375],{"class":448},[63,16884,10020],{"class":452},[63,16886,2455],{"class":448},[63,16888,3229],{"class":73},[63,16890,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16913,16915],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,16892,12821],{"class":382},[63,16894,386],{"class":270},[63,16896,8780],{"class":417},[63,16898,307],{"class":73},[63,16900,16901],{"class":181},"fromkeys",[63,16903,74],{"class":73},[63,16905,16542],{"class":181},[63,16907,102],{"class":73},[63,16909,1375],{"class":448},[63,16911,16912],{"class":452},"unknown",[63,16914,2455],{"class":448},[63,16916,397],{"class":73},[63,16918,16919,16921,16923,16926],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,16920,70],{"class":69},[63,16922,74],{"class":73},[63,16924,16925],{"class":181},"person",[63,16927,397],{"class":73},[63,16929,16930],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,16931,16932],{"class":1357},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16934,128,16935,16938],{},[15,16936,16937],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[49,16940,138,16942,141],{"id":16941},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16943,16841],{},[20,16945,16946,2482],{},[15,16947,16841],{},[30,16949,16950,16953,16956,16959],{},[33,16951,16952],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,16954,16955],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,16957,16958],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,16960,16961,16962,16965],{},"Is called as ",[15,16963,16964],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16967,16968,16969,16971,16972,16974,16975,307],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16970,8431],{},", so you write ",[15,16973,16964],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16976,16977],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16979,16980,16981,307],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[303,16982,8765],{"href":12639},[49,16984,16986],{"id":16985},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[54,16988,16990],{"className":56,"code":16989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16991,16992],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16993,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16995,8431],{"class":417},[63,16997,307],{"class":73},[63,16999,16901],{"class":181},[63,17001,74],{"class":73},[63,17003,3315],{"class":181},[63,17005,102],{"class":73},[63,17007,8042],{"class":181},[63,17009,397],{"class":73},[1193,17011,17013],{"id":17012},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17015,17016,17021],{},[33,17017,17018,17020],{},[15,17019,3315],{},": the keys to use",[33,17022,17023,17025],{},[15,17024,1002],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17027,17028,17029,17031,17032,307],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17030,1002],{},", each key gets ",[15,17033,3373],{},[1193,17035,17037],{"id":17036},"return-value","Return value",[20,17039,17040,17041,307],{},"It returns a ",[833,17042,17043],{},"new dictionary",[49,17045,5389],{"id":5388},[20,17047,17048],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[54,17050,17052],{"className":56,"code":17051,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17053,17054,17087,17109,17113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17055,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070,17072,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083,17085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17057,16860],{"class":382},[63,17059,386],{"class":270},[63,17061,3216],{"class":73},[63,17063,2455],{"class":448},[63,17065,12709],{"class":452},[63,17067,2455],{"class":448},[63,17069,102],{"class":73},[63,17071,1375],{"class":448},[63,17073,17074],{"class":452},"green",[63,17076,2455],{"class":448},[63,17078,102],{"class":73},[63,17080,1375],{"class":448},[63,17082,12726],{"class":452},[63,17084,2455],{"class":448},[63,17086,3229],{"class":73},[63,17088,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,17090,12692],{"class":382},[63,17092,386],{"class":270},[63,17094,8780],{"class":417},[63,17096,307],{"class":73},[63,17098,16901],{"class":181},[63,17100,74],{"class":73},[63,17102,16542],{"class":181},[63,17104,102],{"class":73},[63,17106,3429],{"class":82},[63,17108,397],{"class":73},[63,17110,17111],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,17112,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,17114,17115,17117,17119,17122],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,17116,70],{"class":69},[63,17118,74],{"class":73},[63,17120,17121],{"class":181},"colors",[63,17123,397],{"class":73},[20,17125,110],{},[54,17127,17129],{"className":56,"code":17128,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17130,17131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17132,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17134,8888],{"class":73},[63,17136,456],{"class":448},[63,17138,12709],{"class":452},[63,17140,456],{"class":448},[63,17142,2482],{"class":73},[63,17144,3429],{"class":82},[63,17146,102],{"class":73},[63,17148,449],{"class":448},[63,17150,17074],{"class":452},[63,17152,456],{"class":448},[63,17154,2482],{"class":73},[63,17156,3429],{"class":82},[63,17158,102],{"class":73},[63,17160,449],{"class":448},[63,17162,12726],{"class":452},[63,17164,456],{"class":448},[63,17166,2482],{"class":73},[63,17168,3429],{"class":82},[63,17170,8919],{"class":73},[20,17172,11298],{},[30,17174,17175,17180,17185],{},[33,17176,17177,17179],{},[15,17178,16542],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17181,17182,17184],{},[15,17183,1734],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17186,17187,17189],{},[15,17188,16841],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17191,17192,17193,307],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[303,17194,9002],{"href":12642},[49,17196,311,17198,17200],{"id":17197},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17199,16836],{}," without a value",[20,17202,17203,17204,307],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17205,3373],{},[54,17207,17209],{"className":56,"code":17208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17210,17211,17245,17265,17269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17212,17213,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17241,17243],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17214,17215],{"class":382},"fields ",[63,17217,386],{"class":270},[63,17219,3216],{"class":73},[63,17221,2455],{"class":448},[63,17223,7593],{"class":452},[63,17225,2455],{"class":448},[63,17227,102],{"class":73},[63,17229,1375],{"class":448},[63,17231,14877],{"class":452},[63,17233,2455],{"class":448},[63,17235,102],{"class":73},[63,17237,1375],{"class":448},[63,17239,17240],{"class":452},"password",[63,17242,2455],{"class":448},[63,17244,3229],{"class":73},[63,17246,17247,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17263],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,17248,17249],{"class":382},"user_data ",[63,17251,386],{"class":270},[63,17253,8780],{"class":417},[63,17255,307],{"class":73},[63,17257,16901],{"class":181},[63,17259,74],{"class":73},[63,17261,17262],{"class":181},"fields",[63,17264,397],{"class":73},[63,17266,17267],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,17268,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,17270,17271,17273,17275,17278],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,17272,70],{"class":69},[63,17274,74],{"class":73},[63,17276,17277],{"class":181},"user_data",[63,17279,397],{"class":73},[20,17281,110],{},[54,17283,17285],{"className":56,"code":17284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17286,17287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17288,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17290,8888],{"class":73},[63,17292,456],{"class":448},[63,17294,7593],{"class":452},[63,17296,456],{"class":448},[63,17298,2482],{"class":73},[63,17300,3449],{"class":3448},[63,17302,102],{"class":73},[63,17304,449],{"class":448},[63,17306,14877],{"class":452},[63,17308,456],{"class":448},[63,17310,2482],{"class":73},[63,17312,3449],{"class":3448},[63,17314,102],{"class":73},[63,17316,449],{"class":448},[63,17318,17240],{"class":452},[63,17320,456],{"class":448},[63,17322,2482],{"class":73},[63,17324,3449],{"class":3448},[63,17326,8919],{"class":73},[20,17328,17329],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17331,17332,17335,17338],{},[33,17333,17334],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17336,17337],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17339,17340],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17342,1820],{},[54,17344,17346],{"className":56,"code":17345,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17347,17348,17380,17398,17402,17425,17448,17452],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17349,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17351,17215],{"class":382},[63,17353,386],{"class":270},[63,17355,3216],{"class":73},[63,17357,2455],{"class":448},[63,17359,7593],{"class":452},[63,17361,2455],{"class":448},[63,17363,102],{"class":73},[63,17365,1375],{"class":448},[63,17367,14877],{"class":452},[63,17369,2455],{"class":448},[63,17371,102],{"class":73},[63,17373,1375],{"class":448},[63,17375,17240],{"class":452},[63,17377,2455],{"class":448},[63,17379,3229],{"class":73},[63,17381,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,17383,17249],{"class":382},[63,17385,386],{"class":270},[63,17387,8780],{"class":417},[63,17389,307],{"class":73},[63,17391,16901],{"class":181},[63,17393,74],{"class":73},[63,17395,17262],{"class":181},[63,17397,397],{"class":73},[63,17399,17400],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,17401,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,17403,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17423],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,17405,17277],{"class":382},[63,17407,3497],{"class":73},[63,17409,2455],{"class":448},[63,17411,7593],{"class":452},[63,17413,2455],{"class":448},[63,17415,12890],{"class":73},[63,17417,12893],{"class":270},[63,17419,1375],{"class":448},[63,17421,17422],{"class":452},"alice",[63,17424,1381],{"class":448},[63,17426,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17446],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,17428,17277],{"class":382},[63,17430,3497],{"class":73},[63,17432,2455],{"class":448},[63,17434,14877],{"class":452},[63,17436,2455],{"class":448},[63,17438,12890],{"class":73},[63,17440,12893],{"class":270},[63,17442,1375],{"class":448},[63,17444,17445],{"class":452},"alice@example.com",[63,17447,1381],{"class":448},[63,17449,17450],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,17451,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,17453,17454,17456,17458,17460],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,17455,70],{"class":69},[63,17457,74],{"class":73},[63,17459,17277],{"class":181},[63,17461,397],{"class":73},[20,17463,110],{},[54,17465,17467],{"className":56,"code":17466,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17468,17469],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17470,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17472,8888],{"class":73},[63,17474,456],{"class":448},[63,17476,7593],{"class":452},[63,17478,456],{"class":448},[63,17480,2482],{"class":73},[63,17482,449],{"class":448},[63,17484,17422],{"class":452},[63,17486,456],{"class":448},[63,17488,102],{"class":73},[63,17490,449],{"class":448},[63,17492,14877],{"class":452},[63,17494,456],{"class":448},[63,17496,2482],{"class":73},[63,17498,449],{"class":448},[63,17500,17445],{"class":452},[63,17502,456],{"class":448},[63,17504,102],{"class":73},[63,17506,449],{"class":448},[63,17508,17240],{"class":452},[63,17510,456],{"class":448},[63,17512,2482],{"class":73},[63,17514,3449],{"class":3448},[63,17516,8919],{"class":73},[20,17518,17519,17520,307],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[303,17521,17523],{"href":17522},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[49,17525,17527],{"id":17526},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17529,17530],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,17532,17533,17538,17543],{},[33,17534,17535,17537],{},[15,17536,3382],{}," (list)",[33,17539,17540,17542],{},[15,17541,3387],{}," (dictionary)",[33,17544,17545,17547],{},[15,17546,3392],{}," (set)",[20,17549,17550,17551,307],{},"All keys will point to the ",[833,17552,17553],{},"same object",[1193,17555,17557],{"id":17556},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[54,17559,17561],{"className":56,"code":17560,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17562,17563,17595,17616,17620,17642,17646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17564,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17566,16860],{"class":382},[63,17568,386],{"class":270},[63,17570,3216],{"class":73},[63,17572,2455],{"class":448},[63,17574,303],{"class":452},[63,17576,2455],{"class":448},[63,17578,102],{"class":73},[63,17580,1375],{"class":448},[63,17582,4362],{"class":452},[63,17584,2455],{"class":448},[63,17586,102],{"class":73},[63,17588,1375],{"class":448},[63,17590,9350],{"class":452},[63,17592,2455],{"class":448},[63,17594,3229],{"class":73},[63,17596,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,17598,8775],{"class":382},[63,17600,386],{"class":270},[63,17602,8780],{"class":417},[63,17604,307],{"class":73},[63,17606,16901],{"class":181},[63,17608,74],{"class":73},[63,17610,16542],{"class":181},[63,17612,102],{"class":73},[63,17614,17615],{"class":73}," [])\n",[63,17617,17618],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,17619,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,17621,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,17623,8814],{"class":382},[63,17625,3497],{"class":73},[63,17627,2455],{"class":448},[63,17629,303],{"class":452},[63,17631,2455],{"class":448},[63,17633,13167],{"class":73},[63,17635,13170],{"class":181},[63,17637,74],{"class":73},[63,17639,674],{"class":82},[63,17641,397],{"class":73},[63,17643,17644],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,17645,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,17647,17648,17650,17652,17654],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,17649,70],{"class":69},[63,17651,74],{"class":73},[63,17653,8814],{"class":181},[63,17655,397],{"class":73},[20,17657,110],{},[54,17659,17661],{"className":56,"code":17660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17662,17663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17664,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17666,8888],{"class":73},[63,17668,456],{"class":448},[63,17670,303],{"class":452},[63,17672,456],{"class":448},[63,17674,2482],{"class":73},[63,17676,3216],{"class":73},[63,17678,674],{"class":82},[63,17680,17681],{"class":73},"],",[63,17683,449],{"class":448},[63,17685,4362],{"class":452},[63,17687,456],{"class":448},[63,17689,2482],{"class":73},[63,17691,3216],{"class":73},[63,17693,674],{"class":82},[63,17695,17681],{"class":73},[63,17697,449],{"class":448},[63,17699,9350],{"class":452},[63,17701,456],{"class":448},[63,17703,2482],{"class":73},[63,17705,3216],{"class":73},[63,17707,674],{"class":82},[63,17709,13323],{"class":73},[20,17711,17712,17713,17716],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17714,17715],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1193,17718,17720],{"id":17719},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17722,17723,17726],{},[15,17724,17725],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17728,17729],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17731,17732],{},"So this:",[54,17734,17736],{"className":56,"code":17735,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17737,17738],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17739,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17741,8814],{"class":382},[63,17743,3497],{"class":73},[63,17745,2455],{"class":448},[63,17747,303],{"class":452},[63,17749,2455],{"class":448},[63,17751,13167],{"class":73},[63,17753,13170],{"class":181},[63,17755,74],{"class":73},[63,17757,674],{"class":82},[63,17759,397],{"class":73},[20,17761,17762,17763,307],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17764,17715],{},[1193,17766,17768],{"id":17767},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17770,17771],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[54,17773,17775],{"className":56,"code":17774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17776,17777,17809,17836,17840,17862,17866],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17778,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17780,16860],{"class":382},[63,17782,386],{"class":270},[63,17784,3216],{"class":73},[63,17786,2455],{"class":448},[63,17788,303],{"class":452},[63,17790,2455],{"class":448},[63,17792,102],{"class":73},[63,17794,1375],{"class":448},[63,17796,4362],{"class":452},[63,17798,2455],{"class":448},[63,17800,102],{"class":73},[63,17802,1375],{"class":448},[63,17804,9350],{"class":452},[63,17806,2455],{"class":448},[63,17808,3229],{"class":73},[63,17810,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17824,17826,17829,17831,17834],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,17812,8775],{"class":382},[63,17814,386],{"class":270},[63,17816,10102],{"class":73},[63,17818,14459],{"class":382},[63,17820,2482],{"class":73},[63,17822,17823],{"class":73}," []",[63,17825,3474],{"class":3473},[63,17827,17828],{"class":382}," key ",[63,17830,3480],{"class":3473},[63,17832,17833],{"class":382}," keys",[63,17835,8919],{"class":73},[63,17837,17838],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,17839,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,17841,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,17843,8814],{"class":382},[63,17845,3497],{"class":73},[63,17847,2455],{"class":448},[63,17849,303],{"class":452},[63,17851,2455],{"class":448},[63,17853,13167],{"class":73},[63,17855,13170],{"class":181},[63,17857,74],{"class":73},[63,17859,674],{"class":82},[63,17861,397],{"class":73},[63,17863,17864],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,17865,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,17867,17868,17870,17872,17874],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,17869,70],{"class":69},[63,17871,74],{"class":73},[63,17873,8814],{"class":181},[63,17875,397],{"class":73},[20,17877,110],{},[54,17879,17881],{"className":56,"code":17880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17882,17883],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17884,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17886,8888],{"class":73},[63,17888,456],{"class":448},[63,17890,303],{"class":452},[63,17892,456],{"class":448},[63,17894,2482],{"class":73},[63,17896,3216],{"class":73},[63,17898,674],{"class":82},[63,17900,17681],{"class":73},[63,17902,449],{"class":448},[63,17904,4362],{"class":452},[63,17906,456],{"class":448},[63,17908,2482],{"class":73},[63,17910,17911],{"class":73}," [],",[63,17913,449],{"class":448},[63,17915,9350],{"class":452},[63,17917,456],{"class":448},[63,17919,2482],{"class":73},[63,17921,17922],{"class":73}," []}\n",[20,17924,17925],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17927,17928],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[49,17930,1114,17932],{"id":17931},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17933,16836],{},[20,17935,17936,17938],{},[15,17937,16841],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,17940,17941,17944,17947],{},[33,17942,17943],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,17945,17946],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,17948,17949],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17951,1740],{},[54,17953,17955],{"className":56,"code":17954,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17956,17957,18002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17958,17959,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17994,17996,17998,18000],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17960,17961],{"class":382},"flags ",[63,17963,386],{"class":270},[63,17965,8780],{"class":417},[63,17967,307],{"class":73},[63,17969,16901],{"class":181},[63,17971,2583],{"class":73},[63,17973,2455],{"class":448},[63,17975,17976],{"class":452},"is_admin",[63,17978,2455],{"class":448},[63,17980,102],{"class":73},[63,17982,1375],{"class":448},[63,17984,14697],{"class":452},[63,17986,2455],{"class":448},[63,17988,102],{"class":73},[63,17990,1375],{"class":448},[63,17992,17993],{"class":452},"is_verified",[63,17995,2455],{"class":448},[63,17997,17681],{"class":73},[63,17999,3504],{"class":3448},[63,18001,397],{"class":73},[63,18003,18004,18006,18008,18011],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18005,70],{"class":69},[63,18007,74],{"class":73},[63,18009,18010],{"class":181},"flags",[63,18012,397],{"class":73},[54,18014,18016],{"className":56,"code":18015,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18017,18018,18063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18019,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18037,18039,18041,18043,18046,18048,18050,18052,18055,18057,18059,18061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18021,4665],{"class":382},[63,18023,386],{"class":270},[63,18025,8780],{"class":417},[63,18027,307],{"class":73},[63,18029,16901],{"class":181},[63,18031,2583],{"class":73},[63,18033,2455],{"class":448},[63,18035,18036],{"class":452},"math",[63,18038,2455],{"class":448},[63,18040,102],{"class":73},[63,18042,1375],{"class":448},[63,18044,18045],{"class":452},"science",[63,18047,2455],{"class":448},[63,18049,102],{"class":73},[63,18051,1375],{"class":448},[63,18053,18054],{"class":452},"history",[63,18056,2455],{"class":448},[63,18058,17681],{"class":73},[63,18060,3429],{"class":82},[63,18062,397],{"class":73},[63,18064,18065,18067,18069,18071],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18066,70],{"class":69},[63,18068,74],{"class":73},[63,18070,16008],{"class":181},[63,18072,397],{"class":73},[20,18074,18075,18076,18078],{},"It is ",[833,18077,973],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18080,18081,18084],{},[33,18082,18083],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18085,18086],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[49,18088,18090,18092],{"id":18089},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18091,16836],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18094,18095,18097],{},[15,18096,16836],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1193,18099,311,18101],{"id":18100},"using-fromkeys",[15,18102,16836],{},[54,18104,18106],{"className":56,"code":18105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18107,18108,18153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18109,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18127,18129,18131,18133,18136,18138,18140,18142,18145,18147,18149,18151],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18111,13443],{"class":382},[63,18113,386],{"class":270},[63,18115,8780],{"class":417},[63,18117,307],{"class":73},[63,18119,16901],{"class":181},[63,18121,2583],{"class":73},[63,18123,2455],{"class":448},[63,18125,18126],{"class":452},"sound",[63,18128,2455],{"class":448},[63,18130,102],{"class":73},[63,18132,1375],{"class":448},[63,18134,18135],{"class":452},"music",[63,18137,2455],{"class":448},[63,18139,102],{"class":73},[63,18141,1375],{"class":448},[63,18143,18144],{"class":452},"notifications",[63,18146,2455],{"class":448},[63,18148,17681],{"class":73},[63,18150,3513],{"class":3448},[63,18152,397],{"class":73},[63,18154,18155,18157,18159,18161],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18156,70],{"class":69},[63,18158,74],{"class":73},[63,18160,13502],{"class":181},[63,18162,397],{"class":73},[1193,18164,18166],{"id":18165},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[54,18168,18170],{"className":56,"code":18169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18171,18172,18180,18194,18208,18220,18224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18173,18174,18176,18178],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18175,13443],{"class":382},[63,18177,386],{"class":270},[63,18179,11107],{"class":73},[63,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18183,11112],{"class":448},[63,18185,18126],{"class":452},[63,18187,2455],{"class":448},[63,18189,2482],{"class":73},[63,18191,3513],{"class":3448},[63,18193,11128],{"class":73},[63,18195,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,18197,11112],{"class":448},[63,18199,18135],{"class":452},[63,18201,2455],{"class":448},[63,18203,2482],{"class":73},[63,18205,3504],{"class":3448},[63,18207,11128],{"class":73},[63,18209,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,18211,11112],{"class":448},[63,18213,18144],{"class":452},[63,18215,2455],{"class":448},[63,18217,2482],{"class":73},[63,18219,6026],{"class":3448},[63,18221,18222],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,18223,8919],{"class":73},[63,18225,18226,18228,18230,18232],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,18227,70],{"class":69},[63,18229,74],{"class":73},[63,18231,13502],{"class":181},[63,18233,397],{"class":73},[20,18235,18236],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1193,18238,18240],{"id":18239},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[54,18242,18244],{"className":56,"code":18243,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18245,18246,18278,18302],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18247,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18249,16860],{"class":382},[63,18251,386],{"class":270},[63,18253,3216],{"class":73},[63,18255,2455],{"class":448},[63,18257,303],{"class":452},[63,18259,2455],{"class":448},[63,18261,102],{"class":73},[63,18263,1375],{"class":448},[63,18265,4362],{"class":452},[63,18267,2455],{"class":448},[63,18269,102],{"class":73},[63,18271,1375],{"class":448},[63,18273,9350],{"class":452},[63,18275,2455],{"class":448},[63,18277,3229],{"class":73},[63,18279,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18281,8775],{"class":382},[63,18283,386],{"class":270},[63,18285,10102],{"class":73},[63,18287,14459],{"class":382},[63,18289,2482],{"class":73},[63,18291,17823],{"class":73},[63,18293,3474],{"class":3473},[63,18295,17828],{"class":382},[63,18297,3480],{"class":3473},[63,18299,17833],{"class":382},[63,18301,8919],{"class":73},[63,18303,18304,18306,18308,18310],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,18305,70],{"class":69},[63,18307,74],{"class":73},[63,18309,8814],{"class":181},[63,18311,397],{"class":73},[20,18313,18314],{},"Use:",[30,18316,18317,18322,18325],{},[33,18318,18319,18321],{},[15,18320,16836],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18323,18324],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18326,18327],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18329,18330,18331,307],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[303,18332,10348,18333,10352],{"href":13650},[15,18334,14572],{},[49,18336,1186],{"id":1185},[20,18338,14351,18339,307],{},[15,18340,16841],{},[1193,18342,18344],{"id":18343},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[54,18346,18348],{"className":56,"code":18347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18349,18350,18383,18406],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18351,18352,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18353,18354],{"class":382},"d ",[63,18356,386],{"class":270},[63,18358,8780],{"class":417},[63,18360,307],{"class":73},[63,18362,16901],{"class":181},[63,18364,2583],{"class":73},[63,18366,2455],{"class":448},[63,18368,303],{"class":452},[63,18370,2455],{"class":448},[63,18372,102],{"class":73},[63,18374,1375],{"class":448},[63,18376,4362],{"class":452},[63,18378,2455],{"class":448},[63,18380,17681],{"class":73},[63,18382,17615],{"class":73},[63,18384,18385,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18386,18387],{"class":382},"d",[63,18389,3497],{"class":73},[63,18391,2455],{"class":448},[63,18393,303],{"class":452},[63,18395,2455],{"class":448},[63,18397,13167],{"class":73},[63,18399,13170],{"class":181},[63,18401,74],{"class":73},[63,18403,674],{"class":82},[63,18405,397],{"class":73},[63,18407,18408,18410,18412,18414],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,18409,70],{"class":69},[63,18411,74],{"class":73},[63,18413,18387],{"class":181},[63,18415,397],{"class":73},[20,18417,110],{},[54,18419,18421],{"className":56,"code":18420,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18422,18423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18424,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18426,8888],{"class":73},[63,18428,456],{"class":448},[63,18430,303],{"class":452},[63,18432,456],{"class":448},[63,18434,2482],{"class":73},[63,18436,3216],{"class":73},[63,18438,674],{"class":82},[63,18440,17681],{"class":73},[63,18442,449],{"class":448},[63,18444,4362],{"class":452},[63,18446,456],{"class":448},[63,18448,2482],{"class":73},[63,18450,3216],{"class":73},[63,18452,674],{"class":82},[63,18454,13323],{"class":73},[20,18456,18457],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18459,18460],{},"Use this instead:",[54,18462,18464],{"className":56,"code":18463,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18465,18466,18490,18514],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18467,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18469,16860],{"class":382},[63,18471,386],{"class":270},[63,18473,3216],{"class":73},[63,18475,2455],{"class":448},[63,18477,303],{"class":452},[63,18479,2455],{"class":448},[63,18481,102],{"class":73},[63,18483,1375],{"class":448},[63,18485,4362],{"class":452},[63,18487,2455],{"class":448},[63,18489,3229],{"class":73},[63,18491,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18493,18354],{"class":382},[63,18495,386],{"class":270},[63,18497,10102],{"class":73},[63,18499,14459],{"class":382},[63,18501,2482],{"class":73},[63,18503,17823],{"class":73},[63,18505,3474],{"class":3473},[63,18507,17828],{"class":382},[63,18509,3480],{"class":3473},[63,18511,17833],{"class":382},[63,18513,8919],{"class":73},[63,18515,18516,18518,18520,18522],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,18517,70],{"class":69},[63,18519,74],{"class":73},[63,18521,18387],{"class":181},[63,18523,397],{"class":73},[1193,18525,18527,18528,18530],{"id":18526},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18529,16836],{}," on a list",[20,18532,18533],{},"Wrong idea:",[54,18535,18537],{"className":56,"code":18536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18538,18539,18571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18540,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18542,16860],{"class":382},[63,18544,386],{"class":270},[63,18546,3216],{"class":73},[63,18548,2455],{"class":448},[63,18550,303],{"class":452},[63,18552,2455],{"class":448},[63,18554,102],{"class":73},[63,18556,1375],{"class":448},[63,18558,4362],{"class":452},[63,18560,2455],{"class":448},[63,18562,102],{"class":73},[63,18564,1375],{"class":448},[63,18566,9350],{"class":452},[63,18568,2455],{"class":448},[63,18570,3229],{"class":73},[63,18572,18573],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18574,18575],{"class":1357},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18577,18578,18580,18581,18583,18584,307],{},[15,18579,16836],{}," belongs to ",[15,18582,8431],{},", not ",[15,18585,7702],{},[20,18587,18588],{},"Correct usage:",[54,18590,18592],{"className":56,"code":18591,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18593,18594,18626,18648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18595,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18597,16860],{"class":382},[63,18599,386],{"class":270},[63,18601,3216],{"class":73},[63,18603,2455],{"class":448},[63,18605,303],{"class":452},[63,18607,2455],{"class":448},[63,18609,102],{"class":73},[63,18611,1375],{"class":448},[63,18613,4362],{"class":452},[63,18615,2455],{"class":448},[63,18617,102],{"class":73},[63,18619,1375],{"class":448},[63,18621,9350],{"class":452},[63,18623,2455],{"class":448},[63,18625,3229],{"class":73},[63,18627,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18629,18354],{"class":382},[63,18631,386],{"class":270},[63,18633,8780],{"class":417},[63,18635,307],{"class":73},[63,18637,16901],{"class":181},[63,18639,74],{"class":73},[63,18641,16542],{"class":181},[63,18643,102],{"class":73},[63,18645,3429],{"class":82},[63,18647,397],{"class":73},[63,18649,18650,18652,18654,18656],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,18651,70],{"class":69},[63,18653,74],{"class":73},[63,18655,18387],{"class":181},[63,18657,397],{"class":73},[1193,18659,1196,18661,18663],{"id":18660},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18662,16836],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18665,18666,18668],{},[15,18667,16841],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[54,18670,18672],{"className":56,"code":18671,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18673,18674,18694,18728,18732,18742],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18675,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18677,11701],{"class":382},[63,18679,386],{"class":270},[63,18681,10102],{"class":73},[63,18683,2455],{"class":448},[63,18685,1786],{"class":452},[63,18687,2455],{"class":448},[63,18689,2482],{"class":73},[63,18691,249],{"class":82},[63,18693,8919],{"class":73},[63,18695,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18697,12654],{"class":382},[63,18699,386],{"class":270},[63,18701,8780],{"class":417},[63,18703,307],{"class":73},[63,18705,16901],{"class":181},[63,18707,2583],{"class":73},[63,18709,2455],{"class":448},[63,18711,303],{"class":452},[63,18713,2455],{"class":448},[63,18715,102],{"class":73},[63,18717,1375],{"class":448},[63,18719,4362],{"class":452},[63,18721,2455],{"class":448},[63,18723,17681],{"class":73},[63,18725,3429],{"class":82},[63,18727,397],{"class":73},[63,18729,18730],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,18731,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,18733,18734,18736,18738,18740],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,18735,70],{"class":69},[63,18737,74],{"class":73},[63,18739,11748],{"class":181},[63,18741,397],{"class":73},[63,18743,18744,18746,18748,18751],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,18745,70],{"class":69},[63,18747,74],{"class":73},[63,18749,18750],{"class":181},"new_dict",[63,18752,397],{"class":73},[20,18754,110],{},[54,18756,18758],{"className":56,"code":18757,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18759,18760,18776],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18761,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18763,8888],{"class":73},[63,18765,456],{"class":448},[63,18767,1786],{"class":452},[63,18769,456],{"class":448},[63,18771,2482],{"class":73},[63,18773,249],{"class":82},[63,18775,8919],{"class":73},[63,18777,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18779,8888],{"class":73},[63,18781,456],{"class":448},[63,18783,303],{"class":452},[63,18785,456],{"class":448},[63,18787,2482],{"class":73},[63,18789,3429],{"class":82},[63,18791,102],{"class":73},[63,18793,449],{"class":448},[63,18795,4362],{"class":452},[63,18797,456],{"class":448},[63,18799,2482],{"class":73},[63,18801,3429],{"class":82},[63,18803,8919],{"class":73},[20,18805,18806,18807,307],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[303,18808,10348,18809,10352],{"href":13650},[15,18810,14572],{},[1193,18812,18814,18815],{"id":18813},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18816,3373],{},[54,18818,18820],{"className":56,"code":18819,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18821,18822,18852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18823,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18825,18354],{"class":382},[63,18827,386],{"class":270},[63,18829,8780],{"class":417},[63,18831,307],{"class":73},[63,18833,16901],{"class":181},[63,18835,2583],{"class":73},[63,18837,2455],{"class":448},[63,18839,1786],{"class":452},[63,18841,2455],{"class":448},[63,18843,102],{"class":73},[63,18845,1375],{"class":448},[63,18847,11360],{"class":452},[63,18849,2455],{"class":448},[63,18851,191],{"class":73},[63,18853,18854,18856,18858,18860],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18855,70],{"class":69},[63,18857,74],{"class":73},[63,18859,18387],{"class":181},[63,18861,397],{"class":73},[20,18863,110],{},[54,18865,18867],{"className":56,"code":18866,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18868,18869],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18870,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18872,8888],{"class":73},[63,18874,456],{"class":448},[63,18876,1786],{"class":452},[63,18878,456],{"class":448},[63,18880,2482],{"class":73},[63,18882,3449],{"class":3448},[63,18884,102],{"class":73},[63,18886,449],{"class":448},[63,18888,11360],{"class":452},[63,18890,456],{"class":448},[63,18892,2482],{"class":73},[63,18894,3449],{"class":3448},[63,18896,8919],{"class":73},[20,18898,18899,18900,307],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18901,3373],{},[49,18903,18905],{"id":18904},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18907,18908,18909,18911],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18910,16836],{}," works.",[54,18913,18915],{"className":56,"code":18914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18916,18917],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18918,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18920,70],{"class":69},[63,18922,74],{"class":73},[63,18924,8431],{"class":417},[63,18926,307],{"class":73},[63,18928,16901],{"class":181},[63,18930,2583],{"class":73},[63,18932,2455],{"class":448},[63,18934,303],{"class":452},[63,18936,2455],{"class":448},[63,18938,102],{"class":73},[63,18940,1375],{"class":448},[63,18942,4362],{"class":452},[63,18944,2455],{"class":448},[63,18946,17681],{"class":73},[63,18948,3429],{"class":82},[63,18950,86],{"class":73},[54,18952,18953],{"className":56,"code":18819,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,18954,18955,18985],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18956,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18958,18354],{"class":382},[63,18960,386],{"class":270},[63,18962,8780],{"class":417},[63,18964,307],{"class":73},[63,18966,16901],{"class":181},[63,18968,2583],{"class":73},[63,18970,2455],{"class":448},[63,18972,1786],{"class":452},[63,18974,2455],{"class":448},[63,18976,102],{"class":73},[63,18978,1375],{"class":448},[63,18980,11360],{"class":452},[63,18982,2455],{"class":448},[63,18984,191],{"class":73},[63,18986,18987,18989,18991,18993],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,18988,70],{"class":69},[63,18990,74],{"class":73},[63,18992,18387],{"class":181},[63,18994,397],{"class":73},[54,18996,18997],{"className":56,"code":18347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,18998,18999,19031,19053],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19000,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19002,18354],{"class":382},[63,19004,386],{"class":270},[63,19006,8780],{"class":417},[63,19008,307],{"class":73},[63,19010,16901],{"class":181},[63,19012,2583],{"class":73},[63,19014,2455],{"class":448},[63,19016,303],{"class":452},[63,19018,2455],{"class":448},[63,19020,102],{"class":73},[63,19022,1375],{"class":448},[63,19024,4362],{"class":452},[63,19026,2455],{"class":448},[63,19028,17681],{"class":73},[63,19030,17615],{"class":73},[63,19032,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,19034,18387],{"class":382},[63,19036,3497],{"class":73},[63,19038,2455],{"class":448},[63,19040,303],{"class":452},[63,19042,2455],{"class":448},[63,19044,13167],{"class":73},[63,19046,13170],{"class":181},[63,19048,74],{"class":73},[63,19050,674],{"class":82},[63,19052,397],{"class":73},[63,19054,19055,19057,19059,19061],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,19056,70],{"class":69},[63,19058,74],{"class":73},[63,19060,18387],{"class":181},[63,19062,397],{"class":73},[54,19064,19066],{"className":56,"code":19065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19067,19068],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19069,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19071,70],{"class":69},[63,19073,74],{"class":73},[63,19075,418],{"class":417},[63,19077,74],{"class":73},[63,19079,8431],{"class":417},[63,19081,307],{"class":73},[63,19083,16901],{"class":181},[63,19085,2583],{"class":73},[63,19087,674],{"class":82},[63,19089,102],{"class":73},[63,19091,105],{"class":82},[63,19093,102],{"class":73},[63,19095,518],{"class":82},[63,19097,17681],{"class":73},[63,19099,1375],{"class":448},[63,19101,1002],{"class":452},[63,19103,2455],{"class":448},[63,19105,2510],{"class":73},[49,19107,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,19109,1459,19111,19113],{"id":19110},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19112,16836],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19115,19116],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1193,19118,19120],{"id":19119},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19122,19123,19124,307],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19125,3373],{},[1193,19127,19129],{"id":19128},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19131,19132],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1193,19134,19136],{"id":19135},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19138,17771],{},[54,19140,19142],{"className":56,"code":19141,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19143,19144,19176],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19145,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19147,16860],{"class":382},[63,19149,386],{"class":270},[63,19151,3216],{"class":73},[63,19153,2455],{"class":448},[63,19155,303],{"class":452},[63,19157,2455],{"class":448},[63,19159,102],{"class":73},[63,19161,1375],{"class":448},[63,19163,4362],{"class":452},[63,19165,2455],{"class":448},[63,19167,102],{"class":73},[63,19169,1375],{"class":448},[63,19171,9350],{"class":452},[63,19173,2455],{"class":448},[63,19175,3229],{"class":73},[63,19177,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,19179,8775],{"class":382},[63,19181,386],{"class":270},[63,19183,10102],{"class":73},[63,19185,14459],{"class":382},[63,19187,2482],{"class":73},[63,19189,17823],{"class":73},[63,19191,3474],{"class":3473},[63,19193,17828],{"class":382},[63,19195,3480],{"class":3473},[63,19197,17833],{"class":382},[63,19199,8919],{"class":73},[49,19201,1517],{"id":1516},[30,19203,19204,19208,19212,19216,19222],{},[33,19205,19206],{},[303,19207,10855],{"href":12642},[33,19209,19210],{},[303,19211,8765],{"href":12639},[33,19213,19214],{},[303,19215,10864],{"href":17522},[33,19217,19218],{},[303,19219,10348,19220,10352],{"href":13650},[15,19221,14572],{},[33,19223,19224],{},[303,19225,10348,19226,10352],{"href":14617},[15,19227,12392],{},[20,19229,128,19230,19232],{},[15,19231,16841],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1542,19234,19235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":19237},[19238,19239,19241,19245,19246,19248,19253,19255,19262,19271,19272,19279],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":16941,"depth":89,"text":19240},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16985,"depth":89,"text":16986,"children":19242},[19243,19244],{"id":17012,"depth":254,"text":17013},{"id":17036,"depth":254,"text":17037},{"id":5388,"depth":89,"text":5389},{"id":17197,"depth":89,"text":19247},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17526,"depth":89,"text":17527,"children":19249},[19250,19251,19252],{"id":17556,"depth":254,"text":17557},{"id":17719,"depth":254,"text":17720},{"id":17767,"depth":254,"text":17768},{"id":17931,"depth":89,"text":19254},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18089,"depth":89,"text":19256,"children":19257},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19258,19260,19261],{"id":18100,"depth":254,"text":19259},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18165,"depth":254,"text":18166},{"id":18239,"depth":254,"text":18240},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":19263},[19264,19265,19267,19269],{"id":18343,"depth":254,"text":18344},{"id":18526,"depth":254,"text":19266},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18660,"depth":254,"text":19268},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18813,"depth":254,"text":19270},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18904,"depth":89,"text":18905},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":19273},[19274,19276,19277,19278],{"id":19110,"depth":254,"text":19275},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19119,"depth":254,"text":19120},{"id":19128,"depth":254,"text":19129},{"id":19135,"depth":254,"text":19136},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16828,"description":19280},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19287,"title":19288,"body":19289,"description":21118,"extension":1580,"meta":21119,"navigation":579,"path":21120,"seo":21121,"stem":21122,"__hash__":21123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19290,"toc":21085},[19291,19296,19302,19313,19443,19450,19455,19459,19475,19477,19575,19578,19595,19599,19601,19606,19644,19647,19664,19666,19784,19789,19793,19809,19812,19948,19951,19956,19962,19965,20002,20005,20009,20014,20090,20094,20099,20181,20183,20199,20204,20208,20214,20283,20286,20303,20306,20388,20394,20397,20417,20421,20426,20432,20438,20509,20512,20518,20521,20595,20602,20608,20616,20626,20628,20723,20729,20734,20821,20827,20829,20834,20856,20859,20954,20957,20988,21001,21003,21011,21017,21023,21026,21032,21037,21044,21049,21051,21082],[10,19292,10931,19294,10935],{"id":19293},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19295,10351],{},[20,19297,19298,19299,19301],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19300,10351],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19303,19304,19305,1801,19308,2004,19310,19312],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19306,19307],{},"KeyError",[15,19309,10351],{},[15,19311,3373],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[54,19314,19316],{"className":56,"code":19315,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19317,19318,19354,19358,19384,19409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19319,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19321,12821],{"class":382},[63,19323,386],{"class":270},[63,19325,10102],{"class":73},[63,19327,2455],{"class":448},[63,19329,7274],{"class":452},[63,19331,2455],{"class":448},[63,19333,2482],{"class":73},[63,19335,1375],{"class":448},[63,19337,12496],{"class":452},[63,19339,2455],{"class":448},[63,19341,102],{"class":73},[63,19343,1375],{"class":448},[63,19345,8909],{"class":452},[63,19347,2455],{"class":448},[63,19349,2482],{"class":73},[63,19351,8916],{"class":82},[63,19353,8919],{"class":73},[63,19355,19356],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,19357,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,19359,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,19361,70],{"class":69},[63,19363,74],{"class":73},[63,19365,16925],{"class":181},[63,19367,307],{"class":73},[63,19369,19370],{"class":181},"get",[63,19372,74],{"class":73},[63,19374,2455],{"class":448},[63,19376,7274],{"class":452},[63,19378,2455],{"class":448},[63,19380,4964],{"class":73},[63,19382,19383],{"class":1357},"           # Ana\n",[63,19385,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,19387,70],{"class":69},[63,19389,74],{"class":73},[63,19391,16925],{"class":181},[63,19393,307],{"class":73},[63,19395,19370],{"class":181},[63,19397,74],{"class":73},[63,19399,2455],{"class":448},[63,19401,10020],{"class":452},[63,19403,2455],{"class":448},[63,19405,4964],{"class":73},[63,19407,19408],{"class":1357},"           # None\n",[63,19410,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19436,19438,19440],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,19412,70],{"class":69},[63,19414,74],{"class":73},[63,19416,16925],{"class":181},[63,19418,307],{"class":73},[63,19420,19370],{"class":181},[63,19422,74],{"class":73},[63,19424,2455],{"class":448},[63,19426,10020],{"class":452},[63,19428,2455],{"class":448},[63,19430,102],{"class":73},[63,19432,1375],{"class":448},[63,19434,19435],{"class":452},"N\u002FA",[63,19437,2455],{"class":448},[63,19439,4964],{"class":73},[63,19441,19442],{"class":1357},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19444,128,19445,19447,19448,307],{},[15,19446,10351],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19449,19307],{},[49,19451,138,19453,141],{"id":19452},"what-get-does",[15,19454,10351],{},[20,19456,1597,19457,11026],{},[15,19458,10351],{},[30,19460,19461,19464,19469,19472],{},[33,19462,19463],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,19465,11037,19466,19468],{},[15,19467,3373],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,19470,19471],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,19473,19474],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19476,1820],{},[54,19478,19480],{"className":56,"code":19479,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19481,19482,19521,19525,19550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19483,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19503,19505,19507,19509,19512,19514,19516,19519],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19485,12479],{"class":382},[63,19487,386],{"class":270},[63,19489,10102],{"class":73},[63,19491,2455],{"class":448},[63,19493,7274],{"class":452},[63,19495,2455],{"class":448},[63,19497,2482],{"class":73},[63,19499,1375],{"class":448},[63,19501,19502],{"class":452},"Lina",[63,19504,2455],{"class":448},[63,19506,102],{"class":73},[63,19508,1375],{"class":448},[63,19510,19511],{"class":452},"grade",[63,19513,2455],{"class":448},[63,19515,2482],{"class":73},[63,19517,19518],{"class":82}," 90",[63,19520,8919],{"class":73},[63,19522,19523],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,19524,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,19526,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,19528,70],{"class":69},[63,19530,74],{"class":73},[63,19532,13243],{"class":181},[63,19534,307],{"class":73},[63,19536,19370],{"class":181},[63,19538,74],{"class":73},[63,19540,2455],{"class":448},[63,19542,7274],{"class":452},[63,19544,2455],{"class":448},[63,19546,4964],{"class":73},[63,19548,19549],{"class":1357},"     # Lina\n",[63,19551,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,19553,70],{"class":69},[63,19555,74],{"class":73},[63,19557,13243],{"class":181},[63,19559,307],{"class":73},[63,19561,19370],{"class":181},[63,19563,74],{"class":73},[63,19565,2455],{"class":448},[63,19567,14877],{"class":452},[63,19569,2455],{"class":448},[63,19571,4964],{"class":73},[63,19573,19574],{"class":1357},"    # None\n",[20,19576,19577],{},"In this example:",[30,19579,19580,19585],{},[33,19581,19582,19584],{},[15,19583,14858],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,19586,19587,19590,19591,2004,19593],{},[15,19588,19589],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19592,10351],{},[15,19594,3373],{},[20,19596,12636,19597,307],{},[303,19598,8765],{"href":8764},[49,19600,164],{"id":163},[20,19602,19603,19604,2482],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19605,10351],{},[54,19607,19609],{"className":56,"code":19608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19610,19611,19625],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19612,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19614,15223],{"class":382},[63,19616,307],{"class":73},[63,19618,19370],{"class":181},[63,19620,74],{"class":73},[63,19622,14459],{"class":181},[63,19624,397],{"class":73},[63,19626,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19642],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,19628,15223],{"class":382},[63,19630,307],{"class":73},[63,19632,19370],{"class":181},[63,19634,74],{"class":73},[63,19636,14459],{"class":181},[63,19638,102],{"class":73},[63,19640,19641],{"class":181}," default_value",[63,19643,397],{"class":73},[20,19645,19646],{},"What each part means:",[30,19648,19649,19654,19659],{},[33,19650,19651,19653],{},[15,19652,14459],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,19655,19656,204],{},[15,19657,19658],{},"default_value",[33,19660,19661,19662],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19663,3373],{},[20,19665,1820],{},[54,19667,19669],{"className":56,"code":19668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19670,19671,19695,19699,19724,19750],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19672,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19674,13443],{"class":382},[63,19676,386],{"class":270},[63,19678,10102],{"class":73},[63,19680,2455],{"class":448},[63,19682,12110],{"class":452},[63,19684,2455],{"class":448},[63,19686,2482],{"class":73},[63,19688,1375],{"class":448},[63,19690,12119],{"class":452},[63,19692,2455],{"class":448},[63,19694,8919],{"class":73},[63,19696,19697],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,19698,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,19700,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,19702,70],{"class":69},[63,19704,74],{"class":73},[63,19706,13502],{"class":181},[63,19708,307],{"class":73},[63,19710,19370],{"class":181},[63,19712,74],{"class":73},[63,19714,2455],{"class":448},[63,19716,12110],{"class":452},[63,19718,2455],{"class":448},[63,19720,4964],{"class":73},[63,19722,19723],{"class":1357},"            # dark\n",[63,19725,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19743,19745,19747],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,19727,70],{"class":69},[63,19729,74],{"class":73},[63,19731,13502],{"class":181},[63,19733,307],{"class":73},[63,19735,19370],{"class":181},[63,19737,74],{"class":73},[63,19739,2455],{"class":448},[63,19741,19742],{"class":452},"language",[63,19744,2455],{"class":448},[63,19746,4964],{"class":73},[63,19748,19749],{"class":1357},"         # None\n",[63,19751,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19777,19779,19781],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,19753,70],{"class":69},[63,19755,74],{"class":73},[63,19757,13502],{"class":181},[63,19759,307],{"class":73},[63,19761,19370],{"class":181},[63,19763,74],{"class":73},[63,19765,2455],{"class":448},[63,19767,19742],{"class":452},[63,19769,2455],{"class":448},[63,19771,102],{"class":73},[63,19773,1375],{"class":448},[63,19775,19776],{"class":452},"en",[63,19778,2455],{"class":448},[63,19780,4964],{"class":73},[63,19782,19783],{"class":1357},"   # en\n",[49,19785,1114,19787],{"id":19786},"when-to-use-get",[15,19788,10351],{},[20,19790,128,19791,10213],{},[15,19792,10351],{},[30,19794,19795,19798,19803,19806],{},[33,19796,19797],{},"A key might not exist",[33,19799,19800,19801],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19802,19307],{},[33,19804,19805],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,19807,19808],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19810,19811],{},"Example with optional user data:",[54,19813,19815],{"className":56,"code":19814,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19816,19817,19859,19863,19888,19914],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19818,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19855,19857],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19820,11102],{"class":382},[63,19822,386],{"class":270},[63,19824,10102],{"class":73},[63,19826,2455],{"class":448},[63,19828,7593],{"class":452},[63,19830,2455],{"class":448},[63,19832,2482],{"class":73},[63,19834,1375],{"class":448},[63,19836,19837],{"class":452},"sam",[63,19839,2455],{"class":448},[63,19841,102],{"class":73},[63,19843,1375],{"class":448},[63,19845,14877],{"class":452},[63,19847,2455],{"class":448},[63,19849,2482],{"class":73},[63,19851,1375],{"class":448},[63,19853,19854],{"class":452},"sam@example.com",[63,19856,2455],{"class":448},[63,19858,8919],{"class":73},[63,19860,19861],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,19862,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,19864,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,19866,70],{"class":69},[63,19868,74],{"class":73},[63,19870,11196],{"class":181},[63,19872,307],{"class":73},[63,19874,19370],{"class":181},[63,19876,74],{"class":73},[63,19878,2455],{"class":448},[63,19880,7593],{"class":452},[63,19882,2455],{"class":448},[63,19884,4964],{"class":73},[63,19886,19887],{"class":1357},"              # sam\n",[63,19889,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19907,19909,19911],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,19891,70],{"class":69},[63,19893,74],{"class":73},[63,19895,11196],{"class":181},[63,19897,307],{"class":73},[63,19899,19370],{"class":181},[63,19901,74],{"class":73},[63,19903,2455],{"class":448},[63,19905,19906],{"class":452},"phone",[63,19908,2455],{"class":448},[63,19910,4964],{"class":73},[63,19912,19913],{"class":1357},"                 # None\n",[63,19915,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19941,19943,19945],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,19917,70],{"class":69},[63,19919,74],{"class":73},[63,19921,11196],{"class":181},[63,19923,307],{"class":73},[63,19925,19370],{"class":181},[63,19927,74],{"class":73},[63,19929,2455],{"class":448},[63,19931,19906],{"class":452},[63,19933,2455],{"class":448},[63,19935,102],{"class":73},[63,19937,1375],{"class":448},[63,19939,19940],{"class":452},"Not provided",[63,19942,2455],{"class":448},[63,19944,4964],{"class":73},[63,19946,19947],{"class":1357}," # Not provided\n",[20,19949,19950],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19952,19953,19954,307],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[303,19955,16216],{"href":16215},[49,19957,19959,19961],{"id":19958},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19960,10351],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19963,19964],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[54,19966,19968],{"className":56,"code":19967,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19969,19970,19984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19971,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19973,8814],{"class":382},[63,19975,3497],{"class":73},[63,19977,2455],{"class":448},[63,19979,14459],{"class":452},[63,19981,2455],{"class":448},[63,19983,3229],{"class":73},[63,19985,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,19987,8814],{"class":382},[63,19989,307],{"class":73},[63,19991,19370],{"class":181},[63,19993,74],{"class":73},[63,19995,2455],{"class":448},[63,19997,14459],{"class":452},[63,19999,2455],{"class":448},[63,20001,397],{"class":73},[20,20003,20004],{},"The difference is important.",[1193,20006,20008],{"id":20007},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20010,20011,20012,307],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20013,19307],{},[54,20015,20017],{"className":56,"code":20016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20018,20019,20043,20047,20069],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20020,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20022,8775],{"class":382},[63,20024,386],{"class":270},[63,20026,10102],{"class":73},[63,20028,2455],{"class":448},[63,20030,7274],{"class":452},[63,20032,2455],{"class":448},[63,20034,2482],{"class":73},[63,20036,1375],{"class":448},[63,20038,12496],{"class":452},[63,20040,2455],{"class":448},[63,20042,8919],{"class":73},[63,20044,20045],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20046,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,20048,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20066],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20050,70],{"class":69},[63,20052,74],{"class":73},[63,20054,8814],{"class":181},[63,20056,3497],{"class":73},[63,20058,2455],{"class":448},[63,20060,7274],{"class":452},[63,20062,2455],{"class":448},[63,20064,20065],{"class":73},"])",[63,20067,20068],{"class":1357},"   # Ana\n",[63,20070,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,20072,70],{"class":69},[63,20074,74],{"class":73},[63,20076,8814],{"class":181},[63,20078,3497],{"class":73},[63,20080,2455],{"class":448},[63,20082,10020],{"class":452},[63,20084,2455],{"class":448},[63,20086,20065],{"class":73},[63,20088,20089],{"class":1357},"   # KeyError\n",[1193,20091,20092],{"id":19370},[15,20093,10351],{},[20,20095,20096,20098],{},[15,20097,10351],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[54,20100,20102],{"className":56,"code":20101,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20103,20104,20128,20132,20156],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20105,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20107,8775],{"class":382},[63,20109,386],{"class":270},[63,20111,10102],{"class":73},[63,20113,2455],{"class":448},[63,20115,7274],{"class":452},[63,20117,2455],{"class":448},[63,20119,2482],{"class":73},[63,20121,1375],{"class":448},[63,20123,12496],{"class":452},[63,20125,2455],{"class":448},[63,20127,8919],{"class":73},[63,20129,20130],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20131,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,20133,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20135,70],{"class":69},[63,20137,74],{"class":73},[63,20139,8814],{"class":181},[63,20141,307],{"class":73},[63,20143,19370],{"class":181},[63,20145,74],{"class":73},[63,20147,2455],{"class":448},[63,20149,7274],{"class":452},[63,20151,2455],{"class":448},[63,20153,4964],{"class":73},[63,20155,20068],{"class":1357},[63,20157,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,20159,70],{"class":69},[63,20161,74],{"class":73},[63,20163,8814],{"class":181},[63,20165,307],{"class":73},[63,20167,19370],{"class":181},[63,20169,74],{"class":73},[63,20171,2455],{"class":448},[63,20173,10020],{"class":452},[63,20175,2455],{"class":448},[63,20177,4964],{"class":73},[63,20179,20180],{"class":1357},"   # None\n",[20,20182,18314],{},[30,20184,20185,20191],{},[33,20186,20187,20188],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[833,20189,20190],{},"must exist",[33,20192,20193,20195,20196],{},[15,20194,10351],{}," when the key is ",[833,20197,20198],{},"optional",[20,20200,20201,20202,307],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[303,20203,10875],{"href":10686},[49,20205,20207],{"id":20206},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20209,20210,20211,20213],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20212,10351],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[54,20215,20217],{"className":56,"code":20216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20218,20219,20244,20248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20220,20221,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20222,20223],{"class":382},"profile ",[63,20225,386],{"class":270},[63,20227,10102],{"class":73},[63,20229,2455],{"class":448},[63,20231,7274],{"class":452},[63,20233,2455],{"class":448},[63,20235,2482],{"class":73},[63,20237,1375],{"class":448},[63,20239,7529],{"class":452},[63,20241,2455],{"class":448},[63,20243,8919],{"class":73},[63,20245,20246],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20247,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,20249,20250,20252,20254,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20276,20278,20280],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20251,70],{"class":69},[63,20253,74],{"class":73},[63,20255,20256],{"class":181},"profile",[63,20258,307],{"class":73},[63,20260,19370],{"class":181},[63,20262,74],{"class":73},[63,20264,2455],{"class":448},[63,20266,14880],{"class":452},[63,20268,2455],{"class":448},[63,20270,102],{"class":73},[63,20272,1375],{"class":448},[63,20274,20275],{"class":452},"Unknown",[63,20277,2455],{"class":448},[63,20279,4964],{"class":73},[63,20281,20282],{"class":1357},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20284,20285],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20287,20288,20293,20298],{},[33,20289,20290],{},[15,20291,20292],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20294,20295],{},[15,20296,20297],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20299,20300],{},[15,20301,20302],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20304,20305],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[54,20307,20309],{"className":56,"code":20308,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20310,20311,20343,20347,20374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20312,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20314,4665],{"class":382},[63,20316,386],{"class":270},[63,20318,10102],{"class":73},[63,20320,2455],{"class":448},[63,20322,18036],{"class":452},[63,20324,2455],{"class":448},[63,20326,2482],{"class":73},[63,20328,5607],{"class":82},[63,20330,102],{"class":73},[63,20332,1375],{"class":448},[63,20334,18045],{"class":452},[63,20336,2455],{"class":448},[63,20338,2482],{"class":73},[63,20340,5962],{"class":82},[63,20342,8919],{"class":73},[63,20344,20345],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20346,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,20348,20349,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20350,20351],{"class":382},"total_history ",[63,20353,386],{"class":270},[63,20355,4712],{"class":382},[63,20357,307],{"class":73},[63,20359,19370],{"class":181},[63,20361,74],{"class":73},[63,20363,2455],{"class":448},[63,20365,18054],{"class":452},[63,20367,2455],{"class":448},[63,20369,102],{"class":73},[63,20371,3429],{"class":82},[63,20373,397],{"class":73},[63,20375,20376,20378,20380,20383,20385],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,20377,70],{"class":69},[63,20379,74],{"class":73},[63,20381,20382],{"class":181},"total_history",[63,20384,3256],{"class":73},[63,20386,20387],{"class":1357},"   # 0\n",[20,20389,20390,20391,20393],{},"Here, ",[15,20392,1734],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20395,20396],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,20398,20399,20402,20407,20412],{},[33,20400,20401],{},"Use a string for text",[33,20403,128,20404,20406],{},[15,20405,1734],{}," for numbers",[33,20408,128,20409,20411],{},[15,20410,3382],{}," for lists if needed",[33,20413,128,20414,20416],{},[15,20415,3387],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[49,20418,20420],{"id":20419},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20422,20423,20424,307],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20425,10351],{},[1193,20427,20429,20431],{"id":20428},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20430,10351],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20433,20434,20435,20437],{},"This code does ",[833,20436,973],{}," create a new key:",[54,20439,20441],{"className":56,"code":20440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20442,20443,20467,20471,20496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20444,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20446,12821],{"class":382},[63,20448,386],{"class":270},[63,20450,10102],{"class":73},[63,20452,2455],{"class":448},[63,20454,7274],{"class":452},[63,20456,2455],{"class":448},[63,20458,2482],{"class":73},[63,20460,1375],{"class":448},[63,20462,12496],{"class":452},[63,20464,2455],{"class":448},[63,20466,8919],{"class":73},[63,20468,20469],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20470,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,20472,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20474,70],{"class":69},[63,20476,74],{"class":73},[63,20478,16925],{"class":181},[63,20480,307],{"class":73},[63,20482,19370],{"class":181},[63,20484,74],{"class":73},[63,20486,2455],{"class":448},[63,20488,10020],{"class":452},[63,20490,2455],{"class":448},[63,20492,4964],{"class":73},[63,20494,20495],{"class":1357},"  # None\n",[63,20497,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,20499,70],{"class":69},[63,20501,74],{"class":73},[63,20503,16925],{"class":181},[63,20505,3256],{"class":73},[63,20507,20508],{"class":1357},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20510,20511],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1193,20513,20515,20517],{"id":20514},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20516,10351],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20519,20520],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[54,20522,20524],{"className":56,"code":20523,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20525,20526,20552,20556,20582],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20527,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20539,20541,20543,20545,20548,20550],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20529,13443],{"class":382},[63,20531,386],{"class":270},[63,20533,10102],{"class":73},[63,20535,2455],{"class":448},[63,20537,20538],{"class":452},"mode",[63,20540,2455],{"class":448},[63,20542,2482],{"class":73},[63,20544,1375],{"class":448},[63,20546,20547],{"class":452},"light",[63,20549,2455],{"class":448},[63,20551,8919],{"class":73},[63,20553,20554],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20555,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,20557,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20559,13502],{"class":382},[63,20561,307],{"class":73},[63,20563,19370],{"class":181},[63,20565,74],{"class":73},[63,20567,2455],{"class":448},[63,20569,12110],{"class":452},[63,20571,2455],{"class":448},[63,20573,102],{"class":73},[63,20575,1375],{"class":448},[63,20577,12119],{"class":452},[63,20579,2455],{"class":448},[63,20581,397],{"class":73},[63,20583,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,20585,70],{"class":69},[63,20587,74],{"class":73},[63,20589,13502],{"class":181},[63,20591,3256],{"class":73},[63,20593,20594],{"class":1357},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20596,20597,20598,20601],{},"Even though ",[15,20599,20600],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1193,20603,20605,20606],{"id":20604},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20607,3373],{},[20,20609,20610,20611,2004,20613,20615],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20612,10351],{},[15,20614,3373],{}," because:",[30,20617,20618,20621],{},[33,20619,20620],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,20622,20623,20624],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20625,3373],{},[20,20627,1820],{},[54,20629,20631],{"className":56,"code":20630,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20632,20633,20670,20674,20698],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20634,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20662,20664,20666,20668],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20636,8775],{"class":382},[63,20638,386],{"class":270},[63,20640,10102],{"class":73},[63,20642,2455],{"class":448},[63,20644,7274],{"class":452},[63,20646,2455],{"class":448},[63,20648,2482],{"class":73},[63,20650,1375],{"class":448},[63,20652,12496],{"class":452},[63,20654,2455],{"class":448},[63,20656,102],{"class":73},[63,20658,1375],{"class":448},[63,20660,20661],{"class":452},"nickname",[63,20663,2455],{"class":448},[63,20665,2482],{"class":73},[63,20667,3449],{"class":3448},[63,20669,8919],{"class":73},[63,20671,20672],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20673,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,20675,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20677,70],{"class":69},[63,20679,74],{"class":73},[63,20681,8814],{"class":181},[63,20683,307],{"class":73},[63,20685,19370],{"class":181},[63,20687,74],{"class":73},[63,20689,2455],{"class":448},[63,20691,20661],{"class":452},[63,20693,2455],{"class":448},[63,20695,4964],{"class":73},[63,20697,20495],{"class":1357},[63,20699,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,20701,70],{"class":69},[63,20703,74],{"class":73},[63,20705,8814],{"class":181},[63,20707,307],{"class":73},[63,20709,19370],{"class":181},[63,20711,74],{"class":73},[63,20713,2455],{"class":448},[63,20715,10020],{"class":452},[63,20717,2455],{"class":448},[63,20719,4964],{"class":73},[63,20721,20722],{"class":1357},"      # None\n",[20,20724,20725,20726,20728],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20727,3373],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20730,20731,20732,2482],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20733,3480],{},[54,20735,20737],{"className":56,"code":20736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20738,20739,20775,20779,20800],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20740,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20742,8775],{"class":382},[63,20744,386],{"class":270},[63,20746,10102],{"class":73},[63,20748,2455],{"class":448},[63,20750,7274],{"class":452},[63,20752,2455],{"class":448},[63,20754,2482],{"class":73},[63,20756,1375],{"class":448},[63,20758,12496],{"class":452},[63,20760,2455],{"class":448},[63,20762,102],{"class":73},[63,20764,1375],{"class":448},[63,20766,20661],{"class":452},[63,20768,2455],{"class":448},[63,20770,2482],{"class":73},[63,20772,3449],{"class":3448},[63,20774,8919],{"class":73},[63,20776,20777],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20778,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,20780,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20794,20796,20798],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20782,70],{"class":69},[63,20784,74],{"class":73},[63,20786,2455],{"class":448},[63,20788,20661],{"class":452},[63,20790,2455],{"class":448},[63,20792,20793],{"class":3473}," in",[63,20795,14184],{"class":181},[63,20797,3256],{"class":73},[63,20799,3259],{"class":1357},[63,20801,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,20803,70],{"class":69},[63,20805,74],{"class":73},[63,20807,2455],{"class":448},[63,20809,10020],{"class":452},[63,20811,2455],{"class":448},[63,20813,20793],{"class":3473},[63,20815,14184],{"class":181},[63,20817,3256],{"class":73},[63,20819,20820],{"class":1357},"      # False\n",[20,20822,20823,20824,307],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[303,20825,20826],{"href":16771},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[49,20828,1186],{"id":1185},[20,20830,20831,20832,2482],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20833,10351],{},[30,20835,20836,20841,20848,20853],{},[33,20837,20838,20839],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20840,19307],{},[33,20842,4305,20843,2004,20845,20847],{},[15,20844,10351],{},[15,20846,3373],{}," if no default is provided",[33,20849,4180,20850,20852],{},[15,20851,10351],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,20854,20855],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20857,20858],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[54,20860,20862],{"className":56,"code":20861,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20863,20864,20874,20888,20906,20928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20865,20866,20868,20870,20872],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20867,70],{"class":69},[63,20869,74],{"class":73},[63,20871,11063],{"class":181},[63,20873,397],{"class":73},[63,20875,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,20877,70],{"class":69},[63,20879,74],{"class":73},[63,20881,11063],{"class":181},[63,20883,307],{"class":73},[63,20885,16542],{"class":181},[63,20887,6799],{"class":73},[63,20889,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,20891,70],{"class":69},[63,20893,74],{"class":73},[63,20895,456],{"class":448},[63,20897,7274],{"class":452},[63,20899,456],{"class":448},[63,20901,20793],{"class":3473},[63,20903,11381],{"class":181},[63,20905,397],{"class":73},[63,20907,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,20909,70],{"class":69},[63,20911,74],{"class":73},[63,20913,11063],{"class":181},[63,20915,307],{"class":73},[63,20917,19370],{"class":181},[63,20919,74],{"class":73},[63,20921,456],{"class":448},[63,20923,7274],{"class":452},[63,20925,456],{"class":448},[63,20927,86],{"class":73},[63,20929,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,20931,70],{"class":69},[63,20933,74],{"class":73},[63,20935,418],{"class":417},[63,20937,74],{"class":73},[63,20939,11063],{"class":181},[63,20941,307],{"class":73},[63,20943,19370],{"class":181},[63,20945,74],{"class":73},[63,20947,456],{"class":448},[63,20949,7274],{"class":452},[63,20951,456],{"class":448},[63,20953,2510],{"class":73},[20,20955,20956],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,20958,20959,20964,20970,20976,20982],{},[33,20960,20961,20963],{},[15,20962,12295],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,20965,20966,20969],{},[15,20967,20968],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,20971,20972,20975],{},[15,20973,20974],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,20977,20978,20981],{},[15,20979,20980],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,20983,20984,20987],{},[15,20985,20986],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20989,20990,20991,3993,20996,21000],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[303,20992,20993,20994,10352],{"href":16680},"the dictionary ",[15,20995,16683],{},[303,20997,20993,20998,10352],{"href":16693},[15,20999,16696],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[49,21002,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,21004,1459,21006,21008,21009,1506],{"id":21005},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21007,10351],{}," raise ",[15,21010,19307],{},[20,21012,21013,21014,21016],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21015,3373],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1193,21018,1459,21020,21022],{"id":21019},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21021,10351],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21024,21025],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1193,21027,21029,21030,1506],{"id":21028},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21031,10351],{},[20,21033,21034,21036],{},[15,21035,3373],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1193,21038,21040,21041,21043],{"id":21039},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21042,10351],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21045,128,21046,21048],{},[15,21047,10351],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[49,21050,1517],{"id":1516},[30,21052,21053,21057,21063,21069,21073,21078],{},[33,21054,21055],{},[303,21056,8765],{"href":8764},[33,21058,21059],{},[303,21060,10348,21061,10352],{"href":16680},[15,21062,16683],{},[33,21064,21065],{},[303,21066,10348,21067,10352],{"href":16693},[15,21068,16696],{},[33,21070,21071],{},[303,21072,16772],{"href":16771},[33,21074,21075],{},[303,21076,21077],{"href":16215},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21079,21080],{},[303,21081,10875],{"href":10686},[1542,21083,21084],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":21086},[21087,21089,21090,21092,21097,21098,21106,21107,21117],{"id":19452,"depth":89,"text":21088},"What get() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":19786,"depth":89,"text":21091},"When to use get()",{"id":19958,"depth":89,"text":21093,"children":21094},"get() vs square brackets",[21095,21096],{"id":20007,"depth":254,"text":20008},{"id":19370,"depth":254,"text":10351},{"id":20206,"depth":89,"text":20207},{"id":20419,"depth":89,"text":20420,"children":21099},[21100,21102,21104],{"id":20428,"depth":254,"text":21101},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20514,"depth":254,"text":21103},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20604,"depth":254,"text":21105},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":21108},[21109,21111,21113,21115],{"id":21005,"depth":254,"text":21110},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21019,"depth":254,"text":21112},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21028,"depth":254,"text":21114},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21039,"depth":254,"text":21116},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19288,"description":21118},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21125,"title":21126,"body":21127,"description":23683,"extension":1580,"meta":23684,"navigation":579,"path":23685,"seo":23686,"stem":23687,"__hash__":23688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21128,"toc":23649},[21129,21134,21140,21146,21148,21230,21234,21251,21256,21261,21266,21268,21282,21284,21347,21351,21391,21399,21401,21403,21418,21421,21434,21436,21515,21519,21585,21587,21591,21599,21601,21612,21614,21724,21728,21807,21813,21819,21824,21937,21941,21973,21976,22083,22089,22096,22100,22103,22206,22210,22271,22274,22277,22288,22297,22300,22317,22319,22418,22422,22497,22500,22523,22528,22533,22550,22552,22673,22677,22711,22713,22717,22724,22734,22736,22814,22817,22888,22898,22901,22933,22936,22975,22981,22988,22991,23082,23086,23167,23173,23176,23179,23284,23287,23290,23412,23416,23419,23486,23490,23527,23533,23535,23541,23546,23552,23559,23565,23568,23607,23613,23616,23618,23646],[10,21130,10931,21132,10935],{"id":21131},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21133,16696],{},[20,21135,1597,21136,21139],{},[15,21137,21138],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21141,21142,21143,21145],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21144,16696],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[49,21147,52],{"id":51},[54,21149,21151],{"className":56,"code":21150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21152,21153,21189,21193,21216],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21154,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21156,12821],{"class":382},[63,21158,386],{"class":270},[63,21160,10102],{"class":73},[63,21162,2455],{"class":448},[63,21164,7274],{"class":452},[63,21166,2455],{"class":448},[63,21168,2482],{"class":73},[63,21170,1375],{"class":448},[63,21172,12496],{"class":452},[63,21174,2455],{"class":448},[63,21176,102],{"class":73},[63,21178,1375],{"class":448},[63,21180,8909],{"class":452},[63,21182,2455],{"class":448},[63,21184,2482],{"class":73},[63,21186,8916],{"class":82},[63,21188,8919],{"class":73},[63,21190,21191],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21192,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,21194,21195,21197,21200,21202,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,21196,5560],{"class":3473},[63,21198,21199],{"class":382}," key",[63,21201,102],{"class":73},[63,21203,21204],{"class":382}," value ",[63,21206,3480],{"class":3473},[63,21208,12864],{"class":382},[63,21210,307],{"class":73},[63,21212,7417],{"class":181},[63,21214,21215],{"class":73},"():\n",[63,21217,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,21219,7677],{"class":69},[63,21221,74],{"class":73},[63,21223,14459],{"class":181},[63,21225,102],{"class":73},[63,21227,8042],{"class":181},[63,21229,397],{"class":73},[20,21231,21232],{},[833,21233,110],{},[54,21235,21237],{"className":56,"code":21236,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21238,21239,21244],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21240,21241],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21242,21243],{"class":382},"name Ana\n",[63,21245,21246,21249],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21247,21248],{"class":382},"age ",[63,21250,2310],{"class":82},[20,21252,128,21253,21255],{},[15,21254,16696],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[49,21257,138,21259,141],{"id":21258},"what-items-does",[15,21260,16696],{},[20,21262,21263,21265],{},[15,21264,16696],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21267,11072],{},[30,21269,21270,21276,21279],{},[33,21271,21272,21273],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21274,21275],{},"(key, value)",[33,21277,21278],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21280,21281],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21283,1820],{},[54,21285,21287],{"className":56,"code":21286,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21288,21289,21325,21329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21290,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21292,12821],{"class":382},[63,21294,386],{"class":270},[63,21296,10102],{"class":73},[63,21298,2455],{"class":448},[63,21300,7274],{"class":452},[63,21302,2455],{"class":448},[63,21304,2482],{"class":73},[63,21306,1375],{"class":448},[63,21308,12496],{"class":452},[63,21310,2455],{"class":448},[63,21312,102],{"class":73},[63,21314,1375],{"class":448},[63,21316,8909],{"class":452},[63,21318,2455],{"class":448},[63,21320,2482],{"class":73},[63,21322,8916],{"class":82},[63,21324,8919],{"class":73},[63,21326,21327],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21328,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,21330,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,21332,70],{"class":69},[63,21334,74],{"class":73},[63,21336,7702],{"class":417},[63,21338,74],{"class":73},[63,21340,16925],{"class":181},[63,21342,307],{"class":73},[63,21344,7417],{"class":181},[63,21346,5893],{"class":73},[20,21348,21349],{},[833,21350,110],{},[54,21352,21354],{"className":56,"code":21353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21355,21356],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21357,21358,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21359,21360],{"class":73},"[(",[63,21362,456],{"class":448},[63,21364,7274],{"class":452},[63,21366,456],{"class":448},[63,21368,102],{"class":73},[63,21370,449],{"class":448},[63,21372,12496],{"class":452},[63,21374,456],{"class":448},[63,21376,8843],{"class":73},[63,21378,8846],{"class":73},[63,21380,456],{"class":448},[63,21382,8909],{"class":452},[63,21384,456],{"class":448},[63,21386,102],{"class":73},[63,21388,8916],{"class":82},[63,21390,8859],{"class":73},[20,21392,21393,21394,632,21396,307],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[303,21395,8765],{"href":12639},[303,21397,14643],{"href":21398},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[49,21400,164],{"id":163},[20,21402,5037],{},[54,21404,21406],{"className":56,"code":21405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21407,21408],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21409,21410,21412,21414,21416],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21411,11063],{"class":382},[63,21413,307],{"class":73},[63,21415,7417],{"class":181},[63,21417,8252],{"class":73},[20,21419,21420],{},"Things to remember:",[30,21422,21423,21428,21431],{},[33,21424,21425,21427],{},[15,21426,16696],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,21429,21430],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,21432,21433],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21435,1820],{},[54,21437,21439],{"className":56,"code":21438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21440,21441,21473,21477,21491,21495,21505],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21442,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21444,4665],{"class":382},[63,21446,386],{"class":270},[63,21448,10102],{"class":73},[63,21450,2455],{"class":448},[63,21452,4605],{"class":452},[63,21454,2455],{"class":448},[63,21456,2482],{"class":73},[63,21458,19518],{"class":82},[63,21460,102],{"class":73},[63,21462,1375],{"class":448},[63,21464,4614],{"class":452},[63,21466,2455],{"class":448},[63,21468,2482],{"class":73},[63,21470,13124],{"class":82},[63,21472,8919],{"class":73},[63,21474,21475],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21476,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,21478,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,21480,383],{"class":382},[63,21482,386],{"class":270},[63,21484,4712],{"class":382},[63,21486,307],{"class":73},[63,21488,7417],{"class":181},[63,21490,8252],{"class":73},[63,21492,21493],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,21494,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,21496,21497,21499,21501,21503],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,21498,70],{"class":69},[63,21500,74],{"class":73},[63,21502,406],{"class":181},[63,21504,397],{"class":73},[63,21506,21507,21509,21511,21513],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,21508,70],{"class":69},[63,21510,74],{"class":73},[63,21512,16008],{"class":181},[63,21514,397],{"class":73},[20,21516,21517],{},[833,21518,110],{},[54,21520,21522],{"className":56,"code":21521,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21523,21524,21557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21525,21526,21529,21531,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21527,21528],{"class":181},"dict_items",[63,21530,9268],{"class":73},[63,21532,456],{"class":448},[63,21534,4605],{"class":452},[63,21536,456],{"class":448},[63,21538,102],{"class":73},[63,21540,19518],{"class":82},[63,21542,8843],{"class":73},[63,21544,8846],{"class":73},[63,21546,456],{"class":448},[63,21548,4614],{"class":452},[63,21550,456],{"class":448},[63,21552,102],{"class":73},[63,21554,13124],{"class":82},[63,21556,10291],{"class":73},[63,21558,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21560,8888],{"class":73},[63,21562,456],{"class":448},[63,21564,4605],{"class":452},[63,21566,456],{"class":448},[63,21568,2482],{"class":73},[63,21570,19518],{"class":82},[63,21572,102],{"class":73},[63,21574,449],{"class":448},[63,21576,4614],{"class":452},[63,21578,456],{"class":448},[63,21580,2482],{"class":73},[63,21582,13124],{"class":82},[63,21584,8919],{"class":73},[20,21586,20511],{},[49,21588,21590],{"id":21589},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21592,21593,21595,21596,21598],{},[15,21594,16696],{}," returns a ",[15,21597,21528],{}," view object.",[20,21600,1721],{},[30,21602,21603,21606,21609],{},[33,21604,21605],{},"You can loop over it",[33,21607,21608],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,21610,21611],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21613,1820],{},[54,21615,21617],{"className":56,"code":21616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21618,21619,21651,21665,21669,21683,21687,21706,21710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21620,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21622,8775],{"class":382},[63,21624,386],{"class":270},[63,21626,10102],{"class":73},[63,21628,2455],{"class":448},[63,21630,1786],{"class":452},[63,21632,2455],{"class":448},[63,21634,2482],{"class":73},[63,21636,249],{"class":82},[63,21638,102],{"class":73},[63,21640,1375],{"class":448},[63,21642,11360],{"class":452},[63,21644,2455],{"class":448},[63,21646,2482],{"class":73},[63,21648,105],{"class":82},[63,21650,8919],{"class":73},[63,21652,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21654,8825],{"class":382},[63,21656,386],{"class":270},[63,21658,14184],{"class":382},[63,21660,307],{"class":73},[63,21662,7417],{"class":181},[63,21664,8252],{"class":73},[63,21666,21667],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,21668,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,21670,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,21672,70],{"class":69},[63,21674,74],{"class":73},[63,21676,7702],{"class":417},[63,21678,74],{"class":73},[63,21680,8872],{"class":181},[63,21682,86],{"class":73},[63,21684,21685],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,21686,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,21688,21689,21691,21693,21695,21698,21700,21702,21704],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,21690,8814],{"class":382},[63,21692,3497],{"class":73},[63,21694,2455],{"class":448},[63,21696,21697],{"class":452},"z",[63,21699,2455],{"class":448},[63,21701,12890],{"class":73},[63,21703,12893],{"class":270},[63,21705,2180],{"class":82},[63,21707,21708],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,21709,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,21711,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,21713,70],{"class":69},[63,21715,74],{"class":73},[63,21717,7702],{"class":417},[63,21719,74],{"class":73},[63,21721,8872],{"class":181},[63,21723,86],{"class":73},[20,21725,21726],{},[833,21727,110],{},[54,21729,21731],{"className":56,"code":21730,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21732,21733,21763],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21734,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21736,21360],{"class":73},[63,21738,456],{"class":448},[63,21740,1786],{"class":452},[63,21742,456],{"class":448},[63,21744,102],{"class":73},[63,21746,249],{"class":82},[63,21748,8843],{"class":73},[63,21750,8846],{"class":73},[63,21752,456],{"class":448},[63,21754,11360],{"class":452},[63,21756,456],{"class":448},[63,21758,102],{"class":73},[63,21760,105],{"class":82},[63,21762,8859],{"class":73},[63,21764,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21766,21360],{"class":73},[63,21768,456],{"class":448},[63,21770,1786],{"class":452},[63,21772,456],{"class":448},[63,21774,102],{"class":73},[63,21776,249],{"class":82},[63,21778,8843],{"class":73},[63,21780,8846],{"class":73},[63,21782,456],{"class":448},[63,21784,11360],{"class":452},[63,21786,456],{"class":448},[63,21788,102],{"class":73},[63,21790,105],{"class":82},[63,21792,8843],{"class":73},[63,21794,8846],{"class":73},[63,21796,456],{"class":448},[63,21798,21697],{"class":452},[63,21800,456],{"class":448},[63,21802,102],{"class":73},[63,21804,518],{"class":82},[63,21806,8859],{"class":73},[20,21808,21809,21810,21812],{},"This happens because ",[15,21811,8872],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[49,21814,21816,21817],{"id":21815},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21818,16696],{},[20,21820,21821,21822,2482],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21823,16696],{},[54,21825,21827],{"className":56,"code":21826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21828,21829,21882,21886,21906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21830,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21832,12479],{"class":382},[63,21834,386],{"class":270},[63,21836,10102],{"class":73},[63,21838,2455],{"class":448},[63,21840,7274],{"class":452},[63,21842,2455],{"class":448},[63,21844,2482],{"class":73},[63,21846,1375],{"class":448},[63,21848,7529],{"class":452},[63,21850,2455],{"class":448},[63,21852,102],{"class":73},[63,21854,1375],{"class":448},[63,21856,19511],{"class":452},[63,21858,2455],{"class":448},[63,21860,2482],{"class":73},[63,21862,1375],{"class":448},[63,21864,21865],{"class":452},"A",[63,21867,2455],{"class":448},[63,21869,102],{"class":73},[63,21871,1375],{"class":448},[63,21873,8909],{"class":452},[63,21875,2455],{"class":448},[63,21877,2482],{"class":73},[63,21879,13475],{"class":82},[63,21881,8919],{"class":73},[63,21883,21884],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21885,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,21887,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,21889,5560],{"class":3473},[63,21891,21199],{"class":382},[63,21893,102],{"class":73},[63,21895,21204],{"class":382},[63,21897,3480],{"class":3473},[63,21899,12522],{"class":382},[63,21901,307],{"class":73},[63,21903,7417],{"class":181},[63,21905,21215],{"class":73},[63,21907,21908,21910,21912,21915,21917,21919,21921,21924,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,21909,7677],{"class":69},[63,21911,74],{"class":73},[63,21913,21914],{"class":444},"f",[63,21916,2455],{"class":452},[63,21918,8888],{"class":82},[63,21920,14459],{"class":181},[63,21922,21923],{"class":82},"}",[63,21925,21926],{"class":452},": ",[63,21928,8888],{"class":82},[63,21930,1002],{"class":181},[63,21932,21923],{"class":82},[63,21934,2455],{"class":452},[63,21936,397],{"class":73},[20,21938,21939],{},[833,21940,110],{},[54,21942,21944],{"className":56,"code":21943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21945,21946,21955,21964],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21947,21948,21950,21952],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21949,7274],{"class":382},[63,21951,2482],{"class":73},[63,21953,21954],{"class":382}," Mia\n",[63,21956,21957,21959,21961],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,21958,19511],{"class":382},[63,21960,2482],{"class":73},[63,21962,21963],{"class":382}," A\n",[63,21965,21966,21968,21970],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,21967,8909],{"class":382},[63,21969,2482],{"class":73},[63,21971,21972],{"class":82}," 14\n",[20,21974,21975],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[54,21977,21979],{"className":56,"code":21978,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21980,21981,22033,22037,22049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21982,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21984,12479],{"class":382},[63,21986,386],{"class":270},[63,21988,10102],{"class":73},[63,21990,2455],{"class":448},[63,21992,7274],{"class":452},[63,21994,2455],{"class":448},[63,21996,2482],{"class":73},[63,21998,1375],{"class":448},[63,22000,7529],{"class":452},[63,22002,2455],{"class":448},[63,22004,102],{"class":73},[63,22006,1375],{"class":448},[63,22008,19511],{"class":452},[63,22010,2455],{"class":448},[63,22012,2482],{"class":73},[63,22014,1375],{"class":448},[63,22016,21865],{"class":452},[63,22018,2455],{"class":448},[63,22020,102],{"class":73},[63,22022,1375],{"class":448},[63,22024,8909],{"class":452},[63,22026,2455],{"class":448},[63,22028,2482],{"class":73},[63,22030,13475],{"class":82},[63,22032,8919],{"class":73},[63,22034,22035],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22036,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,22038,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,22040,5560],{"class":3473},[63,22042,17828],{"class":382},[63,22044,3480],{"class":3473},[63,22046,12522],{"class":382},[63,22048,5996],{"class":73},[63,22050,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,22052,7677],{"class":69},[63,22054,74],{"class":73},[63,22056,21914],{"class":444},[63,22058,2455],{"class":452},[63,22060,8888],{"class":82},[63,22062,14459],{"class":181},[63,22064,21923],{"class":82},[63,22066,21926],{"class":452},[63,22068,8888],{"class":82},[63,22070,13243],{"class":181},[63,22072,3497],{"class":73},[63,22074,14459],{"class":181},[63,22076,12890],{"class":73},[63,22078,21923],{"class":82},[63,22080,2455],{"class":452},[63,22082,397],{"class":73},[20,22084,6114,22085,22088],{},[15,22086,22087],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22090,22091,22092,307],{},"For a full guide, see ",[303,22093,22095],{"href":22094},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[49,22097,22099],{"id":22098},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22101,22102],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[54,22104,22106],{"className":56,"code":22105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22107,22108,22167,22171,22191,22195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22109,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22145,22147,22149,22151,22154,22156,22158,22160,22163,22165],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22111,12692],{"class":382},[63,22113,386],{"class":270},[63,22115,10102],{"class":73},[63,22117,2455],{"class":448},[63,22119,3677],{"class":452},[63,22121,2455],{"class":448},[63,22123,2482],{"class":73},[63,22125,1375],{"class":448},[63,22127,12709],{"class":452},[63,22129,2455],{"class":448},[63,22131,102],{"class":73},[63,22133,1375],{"class":448},[63,22135,3686],{"class":452},[63,22137,2455],{"class":448},[63,22139,2482],{"class":73},[63,22141,1375],{"class":448},[63,22143,22144],{"class":452},"yellow",[63,22146,2455],{"class":448},[63,22148,102],{"class":73},[63,22150,1375],{"class":448},[63,22152,22153],{"class":452},"grape",[63,22155,2455],{"class":448},[63,22157,2482],{"class":73},[63,22159,1375],{"class":448},[63,22161,22162],{"class":452},"purple",[63,22164,2455],{"class":448},[63,22166,8919],{"class":73},[63,22168,22169],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22170,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,22172,22173,22176,22178,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,22174,22175],{"class":382},"pairs_list ",[63,22177,386],{"class":270},[63,22179,22180],{"class":417}," list",[63,22182,74],{"class":73},[63,22184,17121],{"class":181},[63,22186,307],{"class":73},[63,22188,7417],{"class":181},[63,22190,6799],{"class":73},[63,22192,22193],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,22194,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,22196,22197,22199,22201,22204],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,22198,70],{"class":69},[63,22200,74],{"class":73},[63,22202,22203],{"class":181},"pairs_list",[63,22205,397],{"class":73},[20,22207,22208],{},[833,22209,110],{},[54,22211,22213],{"className":56,"code":22212,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22214,22215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22216,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22218,21360],{"class":73},[63,22220,456],{"class":448},[63,22222,3677],{"class":452},[63,22224,456],{"class":448},[63,22226,102],{"class":73},[63,22228,449],{"class":448},[63,22230,12709],{"class":452},[63,22232,456],{"class":448},[63,22234,8843],{"class":73},[63,22236,8846],{"class":73},[63,22238,456],{"class":448},[63,22240,3686],{"class":452},[63,22242,456],{"class":448},[63,22244,102],{"class":73},[63,22246,449],{"class":448},[63,22248,22144],{"class":452},[63,22250,456],{"class":448},[63,22252,8843],{"class":73},[63,22254,8846],{"class":73},[63,22256,456],{"class":448},[63,22258,22153],{"class":452},[63,22260,456],{"class":448},[63,22262,102],{"class":73},[63,22264,449],{"class":448},[63,22266,22162],{"class":452},[63,22268,456],{"class":448},[63,22270,8859],{"class":73},[20,22272,22273],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22275,22276],{},"Use this when:",[30,22278,22279,22282,22285],{},[33,22280,22281],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22283,22284],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22286,22287],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[49,22289,22291,10197,22293,10197,22295],{"id":22290},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22292,16696],{},[15,22294,16683],{},[15,22296,16689],{},[20,22298,22299],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22301,22302,22307,22312],{},[33,22303,22304,22306],{},[15,22305,16696],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22308,22309,22311],{},[15,22310,16683],{}," gives only keys",[33,22313,22314,22316],{},[15,22315,16689],{}," gives only values",[20,22318,1820],{},[54,22320,22322],{"className":56,"code":22321,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22323,22324,22360,22364,22382,22400],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22325,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22327,12821],{"class":382},[63,22329,386],{"class":270},[63,22331,10102],{"class":73},[63,22333,2455],{"class":448},[63,22335,7274],{"class":452},[63,22337,2455],{"class":448},[63,22339,2482],{"class":73},[63,22341,1375],{"class":448},[63,22343,12496],{"class":452},[63,22345,2455],{"class":448},[63,22347,102],{"class":73},[63,22349,1375],{"class":448},[63,22351,8909],{"class":452},[63,22353,2455],{"class":448},[63,22355,2482],{"class":73},[63,22357,8916],{"class":82},[63,22359,8919],{"class":73},[63,22361,22362],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22363,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,22365,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,22367,70],{"class":69},[63,22369,74],{"class":73},[63,22371,7702],{"class":417},[63,22373,74],{"class":73},[63,22375,16925],{"class":181},[63,22377,307],{"class":73},[63,22379,16542],{"class":181},[63,22381,5893],{"class":73},[63,22383,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,22385,70],{"class":69},[63,22387,74],{"class":73},[63,22389,7702],{"class":417},[63,22391,74],{"class":73},[63,22393,16925],{"class":181},[63,22395,307],{"class":73},[63,22397,4961],{"class":181},[63,22399,5893],{"class":73},[63,22401,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,22403,70],{"class":69},[63,22405,74],{"class":73},[63,22407,7702],{"class":417},[63,22409,74],{"class":73},[63,22411,16925],{"class":181},[63,22413,307],{"class":73},[63,22415,7417],{"class":181},[63,22417,5893],{"class":73},[20,22419,22420],{},[833,22421,110],{},[54,22423,22425],{"className":56,"code":22424,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22426,22427,22447,22463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22428,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22430,3497],{"class":73},[63,22432,456],{"class":448},[63,22434,7274],{"class":452},[63,22436,456],{"class":448},[63,22438,102],{"class":73},[63,22440,449],{"class":448},[63,22442,8909],{"class":452},[63,22444,456],{"class":448},[63,22446,3229],{"class":73},[63,22448,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22450,3497],{"class":73},[63,22452,456],{"class":448},[63,22454,12496],{"class":452},[63,22456,456],{"class":448},[63,22458,102],{"class":73},[63,22460,8916],{"class":82},[63,22462,3229],{"class":73},[63,22464,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,22466,21360],{"class":73},[63,22468,456],{"class":448},[63,22470,7274],{"class":452},[63,22472,456],{"class":448},[63,22474,102],{"class":73},[63,22476,449],{"class":448},[63,22478,12496],{"class":452},[63,22480,456],{"class":448},[63,22482,8843],{"class":73},[63,22484,8846],{"class":73},[63,22486,456],{"class":448},[63,22488,8909],{"class":452},[63,22490,456],{"class":448},[63,22492,102],{"class":73},[63,22494,8916],{"class":82},[63,22496,8859],{"class":73},[20,22498,22499],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,22501,22502,22510,22518],{},[33,22503,22504,22505],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[303,22506,22508],{"href":22507},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22509,16683],{},[33,22511,22512,22513],{},"Need just values? Use ",[303,22514,22516],{"href":22515},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22517,16689],{},[33,22519,22520,22521],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22522,16696],{},[49,22524,1114,22526],{"id":22525},"when-to-use-items",[15,22527,16696],{},[20,22529,22530,22532],{},[15,22531,16696],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,22534,22535,22538,22541,22544,22547],{},[33,22536,22537],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,22539,22540],{},"Building formatted output",[33,22542,22543],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,22545,22546],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,22548,22549],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22551,1820],{},[54,22553,22555],{"className":56,"code":22554,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22556,22557,22565,22583,22602,22614,22618,22622,22643],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22558,22559,22561,22563],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22560,13443],{"class":382},[63,22562,386],{"class":270},[63,22564,11107],{"class":73},[63,22566,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22568,11112],{"class":448},[63,22570,12110],{"class":452},[63,22572,2455],{"class":448},[63,22574,2482],{"class":73},[63,22576,1375],{"class":448},[63,22578,12119],{"class":452},[63,22580,2455],{"class":448},[63,22582,11128],{"class":73},[63,22584,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22598,22600],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,22586,11112],{"class":448},[63,22588,19742],{"class":452},[63,22590,2455],{"class":448},[63,22592,2482],{"class":73},[63,22594,1375],{"class":448},[63,22596,22597],{"class":452},"English",[63,22599,2455],{"class":448},[63,22601,11128],{"class":73},[63,22603,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,22605,11112],{"class":448},[63,22607,18144],{"class":452},[63,22609,2455],{"class":448},[63,22611,2482],{"class":73},[63,22613,6026],{"class":3448},[63,22615,22616],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,22617,8919],{"class":73},[63,22619,22620],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,22621,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,22623,22624,22626,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,22625,5560],{"class":3473},[63,22627,22628],{"class":382}," setting",[63,22630,102],{"class":73},[63,22632,21204],{"class":382},[63,22634,3480],{"class":3473},[63,22636,13487],{"class":382},[63,22638,307],{"class":73},[63,22640,7417],{"class":181},[63,22642,21215],{"class":73},[63,22644,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22658,22660,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,22646,7677],{"class":69},[63,22648,74],{"class":73},[63,22650,21914],{"class":444},[63,22652,2455],{"class":452},[63,22654,8888],{"class":82},[63,22656,22657],{"class":181},"setting",[63,22659,21923],{"class":82},[63,22661,22662],{"class":452}," = ",[63,22664,8888],{"class":82},[63,22666,1002],{"class":181},[63,22668,21923],{"class":82},[63,22670,2455],{"class":452},[63,22672,397],{"class":73},[20,22674,22675],{},[833,22676,110],{},[54,22678,22680],{"className":56,"code":22679,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22681,22682,22692,22702],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22683,22684,22687,22689],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22685,22686],{"class":382},"theme ",[63,22688,386],{"class":270},[63,22690,22691],{"class":382}," dark\n",[63,22693,22694,22697,22699],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22695,22696],{"class":382},"language ",[63,22698,386],{"class":270},[63,22700,22701],{"class":382}," English\n",[63,22703,22704,22707,22709],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,22705,22706],{"class":382},"notifications ",[63,22708,386],{"class":270},[63,22710,6026],{"class":3448},[49,22712,1186],{"id":1185},[20,22714,1189,22715,307],{},[15,22716,16696],{},[1193,22718,22720,22721,22723],{"id":22719},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22722,16696],{}," incorrectly",[20,22725,22726,22727,22729,22730,22733],{},"Each result from ",[15,22728,16696],{}," has ",[833,22731,22732],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22735,6292],{},[54,22737,22738],{"className":56,"code":21150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,22739,22740,22776,22780,22800],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22741,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22743,12821],{"class":382},[63,22745,386],{"class":270},[63,22747,10102],{"class":73},[63,22749,2455],{"class":448},[63,22751,7274],{"class":452},[63,22753,2455],{"class":448},[63,22755,2482],{"class":73},[63,22757,1375],{"class":448},[63,22759,12496],{"class":452},[63,22761,2455],{"class":448},[63,22763,102],{"class":73},[63,22765,1375],{"class":448},[63,22767,8909],{"class":452},[63,22769,2455],{"class":448},[63,22771,2482],{"class":73},[63,22773,8916],{"class":82},[63,22775,8919],{"class":73},[63,22777,22778],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22779,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,22781,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,22783,5560],{"class":3473},[63,22785,21199],{"class":382},[63,22787,102],{"class":73},[63,22789,21204],{"class":382},[63,22791,3480],{"class":3473},[63,22793,12864],{"class":382},[63,22795,307],{"class":73},[63,22797,7417],{"class":181},[63,22799,21215],{"class":73},[63,22801,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,22803,7677],{"class":69},[63,22805,74],{"class":73},[63,22807,14459],{"class":181},[63,22809,102],{"class":73},[63,22811,8042],{"class":181},[63,22813,397],{"class":73},[20,22815,22816],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[54,22818,22820],{"className":56,"code":22819,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22821,22822,22858,22862,22878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22823,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22825,12821],{"class":382},[63,22827,386],{"class":270},[63,22829,10102],{"class":73},[63,22831,2455],{"class":448},[63,22833,7274],{"class":452},[63,22835,2455],{"class":448},[63,22837,2482],{"class":73},[63,22839,1375],{"class":448},[63,22841,12496],{"class":452},[63,22843,2455],{"class":448},[63,22845,102],{"class":73},[63,22847,1375],{"class":448},[63,22849,8909],{"class":452},[63,22851,2455],{"class":448},[63,22853,2482],{"class":73},[63,22855,8916],{"class":82},[63,22857,8919],{"class":73},[63,22859,22860],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22861,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,22863,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,22865,5560],{"class":3473},[63,22867,17828],{"class":382},[63,22869,3480],{"class":3473},[63,22871,12864],{"class":382},[63,22873,307],{"class":73},[63,22875,7417],{"class":181},[63,22877,21215],{"class":73},[63,22879,22880,22882,22884,22886],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,22881,7677],{"class":69},[63,22883,74],{"class":73},[63,22885,14459],{"class":181},[63,22887,397],{"class":73},[20,22889,22890,22891,22893,22894,22897],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22892,14459],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22895,22896],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22899,22900],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[54,22902,22904],{"className":56,"code":22903,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22905,22906,22922],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22907,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22909,5560],{"class":3473},[63,22911,5563],{"class":382},[63,22913,3480],{"class":3473},[63,22915,12864],{"class":382},[63,22917,307],{"class":73},[63,22919,7417],{"class":181},[63,22921,21215],{"class":73},[63,22923,22924,22926,22928,22931],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22925,7677],{"class":69},[63,22927,74],{"class":73},[63,22929,22930],{"class":181},"item",[63,22932,397],{"class":73},[20,22934,22935],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[54,22937,22939],{"className":56,"code":22938,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22940,22941,22961],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22942,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957,22959],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22944,5560],{"class":3473},[63,22946,21199],{"class":382},[63,22948,102],{"class":73},[63,22950,21204],{"class":382},[63,22952,3480],{"class":3473},[63,22954,12864],{"class":382},[63,22956,307],{"class":73},[63,22958,7417],{"class":181},[63,22960,21215],{"class":73},[63,22962,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,22964,7677],{"class":69},[63,22966,74],{"class":73},[63,22968,14459],{"class":181},[63,22970,102],{"class":73},[63,22972,8042],{"class":181},[63,22974,397],{"class":73},[1193,22976,1196,22978,22980],{"id":22977},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22979,16696],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22982,22983,21595,22985,22987],{},[15,22984,16696],{},[15,22986,21528],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22989,22990],{},"Check it:",[54,22992,22994],{"className":56,"code":22993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22995,22996,23028,23032,23046,23064],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22997,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22999,11339],{"class":382},[63,23001,386],{"class":270},[63,23003,10102],{"class":73},[63,23005,2455],{"class":448},[63,23007,303],{"class":452},[63,23009,2455],{"class":448},[63,23011,2482],{"class":73},[63,23013,249],{"class":82},[63,23015,102],{"class":73},[63,23017,1375],{"class":448},[63,23019,4362],{"class":452},[63,23021,2455],{"class":448},[63,23023,2482],{"class":73},[63,23025,105],{"class":82},[63,23027,8919],{"class":73},[63,23029,23030],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23031,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,23033,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,23035,70],{"class":69},[63,23037,74],{"class":73},[63,23039,11063],{"class":181},[63,23041,307],{"class":73},[63,23043,7417],{"class":181},[63,23045,6799],{"class":73},[63,23047,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,23049,70],{"class":69},[63,23051,74],{"class":73},[63,23053,418],{"class":417},[63,23055,74],{"class":73},[63,23057,11063],{"class":181},[63,23059,307],{"class":73},[63,23061,7417],{"class":181},[63,23063,5893],{"class":73},[63,23065,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,23067,70],{"class":69},[63,23069,74],{"class":73},[63,23071,7702],{"class":417},[63,23073,74],{"class":73},[63,23075,11063],{"class":181},[63,23077,307],{"class":73},[63,23079,7417],{"class":181},[63,23081,5893],{"class":73},[20,23083,23084],{},[833,23085,110],{},[54,23087,23089],{"className":56,"code":23088,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23090,23091,23123,23137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23092,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23094,21528],{"class":181},[63,23096,9268],{"class":73},[63,23098,456],{"class":448},[63,23100,303],{"class":452},[63,23102,456],{"class":448},[63,23104,102],{"class":73},[63,23106,249],{"class":82},[63,23108,8843],{"class":73},[63,23110,8846],{"class":73},[63,23112,456],{"class":448},[63,23114,4362],{"class":452},[63,23116,456],{"class":448},[63,23118,102],{"class":73},[63,23120,105],{"class":82},[63,23122,10291],{"class":73},[63,23124,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23126,441],{"class":270},[63,23128,445],{"class":444},[63,23130,449],{"class":448},[63,23132,21528],{"class":452},[63,23134,456],{"class":448},[63,23136,459],{"class":270},[63,23138,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,23140,21360],{"class":73},[63,23142,456],{"class":448},[63,23144,303],{"class":452},[63,23146,456],{"class":448},[63,23148,102],{"class":73},[63,23150,249],{"class":82},[63,23152,8843],{"class":73},[63,23154,8846],{"class":73},[63,23156,456],{"class":448},[63,23158,4362],{"class":452},[63,23160,456],{"class":448},[63,23162,102],{"class":73},[63,23164,105],{"class":82},[63,23166,8859],{"class":73},[1193,23168,23170,23171],{"id":23169},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23172,16696],{},[20,23174,23175],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23177,23178],{},"Problem example:",[54,23180,23182],{"className":56,"code":23181,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23183,23184,23228,23232,23252,23264],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23185,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23187,3211],{"class":382},[63,23189,386],{"class":270},[63,23191,10102],{"class":73},[63,23193,2455],{"class":448},[63,23195,303],{"class":452},[63,23197,2455],{"class":448},[63,23199,2482],{"class":73},[63,23201,249],{"class":82},[63,23203,102],{"class":73},[63,23205,1375],{"class":448},[63,23207,4362],{"class":452},[63,23209,2455],{"class":448},[63,23211,2482],{"class":73},[63,23213,105],{"class":82},[63,23215,102],{"class":73},[63,23217,1375],{"class":448},[63,23219,9350],{"class":452},[63,23221,2455],{"class":448},[63,23223,2482],{"class":73},[63,23225,518],{"class":82},[63,23227,8919],{"class":73},[63,23229,23230],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23231,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,23233,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,23235,5560],{"class":3473},[63,23237,21199],{"class":382},[63,23239,102],{"class":73},[63,23241,21204],{"class":382},[63,23243,3480],{"class":3473},[63,23245,3862],{"class":382},[63,23247,307],{"class":73},[63,23249,7417],{"class":181},[63,23251,21215],{"class":73},[63,23253,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,23255,6001],{"class":3473},[63,23257,21204],{"class":382},[63,23259,4289],{"class":270},[63,23261,105],{"class":82},[63,23263,5996],{"class":73},[63,23265,23266,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,23267,23268],{"class":382},"        numbers",[63,23270,3497],{"class":73},[63,23272,2455],{"class":448},[63,23274,18387],{"class":452},[63,23276,2455],{"class":448},[63,23278,12890],{"class":73},[63,23280,12893],{"class":270},[63,23282,23283],{"class":82}," 4\n",[20,23285,23286],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23288,23289],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[54,23291,23293],{"className":56,"code":23292,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23294,23295,23339,23343,23368,23380,23398,23402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23296,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23298,3211],{"class":382},[63,23300,386],{"class":270},[63,23302,10102],{"class":73},[63,23304,2455],{"class":448},[63,23306,303],{"class":452},[63,23308,2455],{"class":448},[63,23310,2482],{"class":73},[63,23312,249],{"class":82},[63,23314,102],{"class":73},[63,23316,1375],{"class":448},[63,23318,4362],{"class":452},[63,23320,2455],{"class":448},[63,23322,2482],{"class":73},[63,23324,105],{"class":82},[63,23326,102],{"class":73},[63,23328,1375],{"class":448},[63,23330,9350],{"class":452},[63,23332,2455],{"class":448},[63,23334,2482],{"class":73},[63,23336,518],{"class":82},[63,23338,8919],{"class":73},[63,23340,23341],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23342,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,23344,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,23346,5560],{"class":3473},[63,23348,21199],{"class":382},[63,23350,102],{"class":73},[63,23352,21204],{"class":382},[63,23354,3480],{"class":3473},[63,23356,22180],{"class":417},[63,23358,74],{"class":73},[63,23360,3243],{"class":181},[63,23362,307],{"class":73},[63,23364,7417],{"class":181},[63,23366,23367],{"class":73},"()):\n",[63,23369,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,23371,6001],{"class":3473},[63,23373,21204],{"class":382},[63,23375,4289],{"class":270},[63,23377,105],{"class":82},[63,23379,5996],{"class":73},[63,23381,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,23383,23268],{"class":382},[63,23385,3497],{"class":73},[63,23387,2455],{"class":448},[63,23389,18387],{"class":452},[63,23391,2455],{"class":448},[63,23393,12890],{"class":73},[63,23395,12893],{"class":270},[63,23397,23283],{"class":82},[63,23399,23400],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,23401,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,23403,23404,23406,23408,23410],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,23405,70],{"class":69},[63,23407,74],{"class":73},[63,23409,3243],{"class":181},[63,23411,397],{"class":73},[1193,23413,23415],{"id":23414},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23417,23418],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[54,23420,23422],{"className":56,"code":23421,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23423,23424,23456,23460,23476],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23425,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23427,8775],{"class":382},[63,23429,386],{"class":270},[63,23431,10102],{"class":73},[63,23433,2455],{"class":448},[63,23435,1786],{"class":452},[63,23437,2455],{"class":448},[63,23439,2482],{"class":73},[63,23441,5607],{"class":82},[63,23443,102],{"class":73},[63,23445,1375],{"class":448},[63,23447,11360],{"class":452},[63,23449,2455],{"class":448},[63,23451,2482],{"class":73},[63,23453,7397],{"class":82},[63,23455,8919],{"class":73},[63,23457,23458],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23459,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,23461,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,23463,5560],{"class":3473},[63,23465,5563],{"class":382},[63,23467,3480],{"class":3473},[63,23469,14184],{"class":382},[63,23471,307],{"class":73},[63,23473,7417],{"class":181},[63,23475,21215],{"class":73},[63,23477,23478,23480,23482,23484],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,23479,7677],{"class":69},[63,23481,74],{"class":73},[63,23483,22930],{"class":181},[63,23485,397],{"class":73},[20,23487,23488],{},[833,23489,110],{},[54,23491,23493],{"className":56,"code":23492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23494,23495,23511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23496,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23498,74],{"class":73},[63,23500,456],{"class":448},[63,23502,1786],{"class":452},[63,23504,456],{"class":448},[63,23506,102],{"class":73},[63,23508,5607],{"class":82},[63,23510,397],{"class":73},[63,23512,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23514,74],{"class":73},[63,23516,456],{"class":448},[63,23518,11360],{"class":452},[63,23520,456],{"class":448},[63,23522,102],{"class":73},[63,23524,7397],{"class":82},[63,23526,397],{"class":73},[20,23528,23529,23530,23532],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23531,21275],{}," pair.",[49,23534,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,23536,23538,23539,4747],{"id":23537},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23540,16696],{},[20,23542,17040,23543,23545],{},[15,23544,21528],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1193,23547,1459,23549,23551],{"id":23548},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23550,16696],{}," return a list?",[20,23553,23554,23555,23558],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23556,23557],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1193,23560,23562,23563,1506],{"id":23561},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23564,16696],{},[20,23566,23567],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[54,23569,23571],{"className":56,"code":23570,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23572,23573,23593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23574,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23576,5560],{"class":3473},[63,23578,21199],{"class":382},[63,23580,102],{"class":73},[63,23582,21204],{"class":382},[63,23584,3480],{"class":3473},[63,23586,11381],{"class":382},[63,23588,307],{"class":73},[63,23590,7417],{"class":181},[63,23592,21215],{"class":73},[63,23594,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23596,7677],{"class":69},[63,23598,74],{"class":73},[63,23600,14459],{"class":181},[63,23602,102],{"class":73},[63,23604,8042],{"class":181},[63,23606,397],{"class":73},[1193,23608,1459,23610,23612],{"id":23609},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23611,16696],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23614,23615],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[49,23617,1517],{"id":1516},[30,23619,23620,23626,23632,23637,23641],{},[33,23621,23622],{},[303,23623,10348,23624,10352],{"href":22507},[15,23625,16683],{},[33,23627,23628],{},[303,23629,10348,23630,10352],{"href":22515},[15,23631,16689],{},[33,23633,23634],{},[303,23635,23636],{"href":22094},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,23638,23639],{},[303,23640,8765],{"href":12639},[33,23642,23643],{},[303,23644,23645],{"href":21398},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1542,23647,23648],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":23650},[23651,23652,23654,23655,23656,23658,23659,23661,23663,23672,23682],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":21258,"depth":89,"text":23653},"What items() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":21589,"depth":89,"text":21590},{"id":21815,"depth":89,"text":23657},"Looping with items()",{"id":22098,"depth":89,"text":22099},{"id":22290,"depth":89,"text":23660},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22525,"depth":89,"text":23662},"When to use items()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":23664},[23665,23667,23669,23671],{"id":22719,"depth":254,"text":23666},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22977,"depth":254,"text":23668},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23169,"depth":254,"text":23670},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23414,"depth":254,"text":23415},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":23673},[23674,23676,23678,23680],{"id":23537,"depth":254,"text":23675},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23548,"depth":254,"text":23677},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23561,"depth":254,"text":23679},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23609,"depth":254,"text":23681},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21126,"description":23683},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23690,"title":23691,"body":23692,"description":25782,"extension":1580,"meta":25783,"navigation":579,"path":22507,"seo":25784,"stem":25785,"__hash__":25786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23693,"toc":25748},[23694,23699,23705,23708,23719,23726,23728,23811,23815,23862,23867,23872,23877,23879,23895,23897,23996,24000,24057,24060,24062,24065,24158,24162,24225,24228,24244,24249,24251,24253,24268,24270,24281,24283,24326,24329,24373,24376,24378,24385,24388,24405,24407,24500,24504,24545,24557,24561,24564,24652,24656,24676,24679,24706,24713,24718,24722,24733,24735,24838,24842,24868,24871,24938,24943,24946,24969,24974,24978,24983,24989,24994,24996,25051,25055,25082,25089,25095,25098,25123,25129,25155,25158,25233,25240,25245,25247,25286,25304,25308,25311,25354,25357,25359,25378,25380,25385,25410,25413,25483,25486,25559,25563,25565,25626,25629,25645,25647,25652,25657,25664,25673,25679,25685,25692,25698,25702,25707,25709,25745],[10,23695,10931,23697,10935],{"id":23696},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23698,16683],{},[20,23700,23701,23702,23704],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23703,16683],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23706,23707],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,23709,23710,23713,23716],{},[33,23711,23712],{},"view the available keys",[33,23714,23715],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,23717,23718],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23720,23721,23723,23724,307],{},[15,23722,16683],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23725,16633],{},[49,23727,52],{"id":51},[54,23729,23731],{"className":56,"code":23730,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23732,23733,23769,23783,23787,23797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23734,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23736,12479],{"class":382},[63,23738,386],{"class":270},[63,23740,10102],{"class":73},[63,23742,2455],{"class":448},[63,23744,7274],{"class":452},[63,23746,2455],{"class":448},[63,23748,2482],{"class":73},[63,23750,1375],{"class":448},[63,23752,12496],{"class":452},[63,23754,2455],{"class":448},[63,23756,102],{"class":73},[63,23758,1375],{"class":448},[63,23760,8909],{"class":452},[63,23762,2455],{"class":448},[63,23764,2482],{"class":73},[63,23766,7397],{"class":82},[63,23768,8919],{"class":73},[63,23770,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23772,16860],{"class":382},[63,23774,386],{"class":270},[63,23776,12522],{"class":382},[63,23778,307],{"class":73},[63,23780,16542],{"class":181},[63,23782,8252],{"class":73},[63,23784,23785],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,23786,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,23788,23789,23791,23793,23795],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,23790,70],{"class":69},[63,23792,74],{"class":73},[63,23794,16542],{"class":181},[63,23796,397],{"class":73},[63,23798,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,23800,70],{"class":69},[63,23802,74],{"class":73},[63,23804,7702],{"class":417},[63,23806,74],{"class":73},[63,23808,16542],{"class":181},[63,23810,86],{"class":73},[20,23812,23813],{},[833,23814,110],{},[54,23816,23818],{"className":56,"code":23817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23819,23820,23842],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23821,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23823,16633],{"class":181},[63,23825,2583],{"class":73},[63,23827,456],{"class":448},[63,23829,7274],{"class":452},[63,23831,456],{"class":448},[63,23833,102],{"class":73},[63,23835,449],{"class":448},[63,23837,8909],{"class":452},[63,23839,456],{"class":448},[63,23841,191],{"class":73},[63,23843,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23845,3497],{"class":73},[63,23847,456],{"class":448},[63,23849,7274],{"class":452},[63,23851,456],{"class":448},[63,23853,102],{"class":73},[63,23855,449],{"class":448},[63,23857,8909],{"class":452},[63,23859,456],{"class":448},[63,23861,3229],{"class":73},[20,23863,128,23864,23866],{},[15,23865,16683],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[49,23868,138,23870,141],{"id":23869},"what-keys-does",[15,23871,16683],{},[20,23873,23874,23876],{},[15,23875,16683],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23878,11072],{},[30,23880,23881,23884,23887,23892],{},[33,23882,23883],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,23885,23886],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,23888,17040,23889,23891],{},[15,23890,16633],{}," view object, not a list",[33,23893,23894],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23896,1820],{},[54,23898,23900],{"className":56,"code":23899,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23901,23902,23938,23942,23956,23960,23982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23903,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23905,12821],{"class":382},[63,23907,386],{"class":270},[63,23909,10102],{"class":73},[63,23911,2455],{"class":448},[63,23913,7274],{"class":452},[63,23915,2455],{"class":448},[63,23917,2482],{"class":73},[63,23919,1375],{"class":448},[63,23921,12838],{"class":452},[63,23923,2455],{"class":448},[63,23925,102],{"class":73},[63,23927,1375],{"class":448},[63,23929,8909],{"class":452},[63,23931,2455],{"class":448},[63,23933,2482],{"class":73},[63,23935,8916],{"class":82},[63,23937,8919],{"class":73},[63,23939,23940],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,23941,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,23943,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,23945,70],{"class":69},[63,23947,74],{"class":73},[63,23949,16925],{"class":181},[63,23951,307],{"class":73},[63,23953,16542],{"class":181},[63,23955,6799],{"class":73},[63,23957,23958],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,23959,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,23961,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,23963,16925],{"class":382},[63,23965,3497],{"class":73},[63,23967,2455],{"class":448},[63,23969,10020],{"class":452},[63,23971,2455],{"class":448},[63,23973,12890],{"class":73},[63,23975,12893],{"class":270},[63,23977,1375],{"class":448},[63,23979,10027],{"class":452},[63,23981,1381],{"class":448},[63,23983,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,23985,70],{"class":69},[63,23987,74],{"class":73},[63,23989,16925],{"class":181},[63,23991,307],{"class":73},[63,23993,16542],{"class":181},[63,23995,6799],{"class":73},[20,23997,23998],{},[833,23999,110],{},[54,24001,24003],{"className":56,"code":24002,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24004,24005,24027],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24006,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24008,16633],{"class":181},[63,24010,2583],{"class":73},[63,24012,456],{"class":448},[63,24014,7274],{"class":452},[63,24016,456],{"class":448},[63,24018,102],{"class":73},[63,24020,449],{"class":448},[63,24022,8909],{"class":452},[63,24024,456],{"class":448},[63,24026,191],{"class":73},[63,24028,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24030,16633],{"class":181},[63,24032,2583],{"class":73},[63,24034,456],{"class":448},[63,24036,7274],{"class":452},[63,24038,456],{"class":448},[63,24040,102],{"class":73},[63,24042,449],{"class":448},[63,24044,8909],{"class":452},[63,24046,456],{"class":448},[63,24048,102],{"class":73},[63,24050,449],{"class":448},[63,24052,10020],{"class":452},[63,24054,456],{"class":448},[63,24056,191],{"class":73},[20,24058,24059],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[49,24061,5389],{"id":5388},[20,24063,24064],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[54,24066,24068],{"className":56,"code":24067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24069,24070,24122,24126,24140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24071,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24073,8775],{"class":382},[63,24075,386],{"class":270},[63,24077,10102],{"class":73},[63,24079,2455],{"class":448},[63,24081,7274],{"class":452},[63,24083,2455],{"class":448},[63,24085,2482],{"class":73},[63,24087,1375],{"class":448},[63,24089,12496],{"class":452},[63,24091,2455],{"class":448},[63,24093,102],{"class":73},[63,24095,1375],{"class":448},[63,24097,8909],{"class":452},[63,24099,2455],{"class":448},[63,24101,2482],{"class":73},[63,24103,7397],{"class":82},[63,24105,102],{"class":73},[63,24107,1375],{"class":448},[63,24109,19511],{"class":452},[63,24111,2455],{"class":448},[63,24113,2482],{"class":73},[63,24115,1375],{"class":448},[63,24117,21865],{"class":452},[63,24119,2455],{"class":448},[63,24121,8919],{"class":73},[63,24123,24124],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24125,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,24127,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,24129,70],{"class":69},[63,24131,74],{"class":73},[63,24133,8814],{"class":181},[63,24135,307],{"class":73},[63,24137,16542],{"class":181},[63,24139,6799],{"class":73},[63,24141,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,24143,70],{"class":69},[63,24145,74],{"class":73},[63,24147,7702],{"class":417},[63,24149,74],{"class":73},[63,24151,8814],{"class":181},[63,24153,307],{"class":73},[63,24155,16542],{"class":181},[63,24157,5893],{"class":73},[20,24159,24160],{},[833,24161,110],{},[54,24163,24165],{"className":56,"code":24164,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24166,24167,24197],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24168,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24170,16633],{"class":181},[63,24172,2583],{"class":73},[63,24174,456],{"class":448},[63,24176,7274],{"class":452},[63,24178,456],{"class":448},[63,24180,102],{"class":73},[63,24182,449],{"class":448},[63,24184,8909],{"class":452},[63,24186,456],{"class":448},[63,24188,102],{"class":73},[63,24190,449],{"class":448},[63,24192,19511],{"class":452},[63,24194,456],{"class":448},[63,24196,191],{"class":73},[63,24198,24199,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24200,3497],{"class":73},[63,24202,456],{"class":448},[63,24204,7274],{"class":452},[63,24206,456],{"class":448},[63,24208,102],{"class":73},[63,24210,449],{"class":448},[63,24212,8909],{"class":452},[63,24214,456],{"class":448},[63,24216,102],{"class":73},[63,24218,449],{"class":448},[63,24220,19511],{"class":452},[63,24222,456],{"class":448},[63,24224,3229],{"class":73},[20,24226,24227],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24229,24230,24238],{},[33,24231,24232,21595,24235,24237],{},[15,24233,24234],{},"data.keys()",[15,24236,16633],{}," object",[33,24239,24240,24243],{},[15,24241,24242],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24245,8761,24246,307],{},[303,24247,24248],{"href":9001},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[49,24250,5034],{"id":5033},[20,24252,167],{},[54,24254,24256],{"className":56,"code":24255,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24257,24258],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24259,24260,24262,24264,24266],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24261,11063],{"class":382},[63,24263,307],{"class":73},[63,24265,16542],{"class":181},[63,24267,8252],{"class":73},[20,24269,21420],{},[30,24271,24272,24275,24278],{},[33,24273,24274],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24276,24277],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24279,24280],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24282,16274],{},[54,24284,24286],{"className":56,"code":24285,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24287,24288,24312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24289,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24291,12479],{"class":382},[63,24293,386],{"class":270},[63,24295,10102],{"class":73},[63,24297,2455],{"class":448},[63,24299,7274],{"class":452},[63,24301,2455],{"class":448},[63,24303,2482],{"class":73},[63,24305,1375],{"class":448},[63,24307,12496],{"class":452},[63,24309,2455],{"class":448},[63,24311,8919],{"class":73},[63,24313,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24315,70],{"class":69},[63,24317,74],{"class":73},[63,24319,13243],{"class":181},[63,24321,307],{"class":73},[63,24323,16542],{"class":181},[63,24325,6799],{"class":73},[20,24327,24328],{},"Incorrect:",[54,24330,24332],{"className":56,"code":24331,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24333,24334,24358],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24335,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24337,12479],{"class":382},[63,24339,386],{"class":270},[63,24341,10102],{"class":73},[63,24343,2455],{"class":448},[63,24345,7274],{"class":452},[63,24347,2455],{"class":448},[63,24349,2482],{"class":73},[63,24351,1375],{"class":448},[63,24353,12496],{"class":452},[63,24355,2455],{"class":448},[63,24357,8919],{"class":73},[63,24359,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24371],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24361,70],{"class":69},[63,24363,74],{"class":73},[63,24365,13243],{"class":181},[63,24367,307],{"class":73},[63,24369,16542],{"class":24370},"skxfh",[63,24372,397],{"class":73},[20,24374,24375],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[49,24377,17037],{"id":17036},[20,24379,24380,21595,24382,24384],{},[15,24381,16683],{},[15,24383,16633],{}," object.",[20,24386,24387],{},"This object:",[30,24389,24390,24393,24396,24402],{},[33,24391,24392],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,24394,24395],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,24397,24398,24399],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24400,24401],{},"list()",[33,24403,24404],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24406,1820],{},[54,24408,24410],{"className":56,"code":24409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24411,24412,24453,24457,24472,24476,24486],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24413,24414,24417,24419,24421,24423,24426,24428,24430,24432,24435,24437,24439,24441,24444,24446,24448,24451],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24415,24416],{"class":382},"car ",[63,24418,386],{"class":270},[63,24420,10102],{"class":73},[63,24422,2455],{"class":448},[63,24424,24425],{"class":452},"brand",[63,24427,2455],{"class":448},[63,24429,2482],{"class":73},[63,24431,1375],{"class":448},[63,24433,24434],{"class":452},"Toyota",[63,24436,2455],{"class":448},[63,24438,102],{"class":73},[63,24440,1375],{"class":448},[63,24442,24443],{"class":452},"year",[63,24445,2455],{"class":448},[63,24447,2482],{"class":73},[63,24449,24450],{"class":82}," 2020",[63,24452,8919],{"class":73},[63,24454,24455],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24456,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,24458,24459,24461,24463,24466,24468,24470],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,24460,383],{"class":382},[63,24462,386],{"class":270},[63,24464,24465],{"class":382}," car",[63,24467,307],{"class":73},[63,24469,16542],{"class":181},[63,24471,8252],{"class":73},[63,24473,24474],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,24475,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,24477,24478,24480,24482,24484],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,24479,70],{"class":69},[63,24481,74],{"class":73},[63,24483,406],{"class":181},[63,24485,397],{"class":73},[63,24487,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,24489,70],{"class":69},[63,24491,74],{"class":73},[63,24493,418],{"class":417},[63,24495,74],{"class":73},[63,24497,406],{"class":181},[63,24499,86],{"class":73},[20,24501,24502],{},[833,24503,110],{},[54,24505,24507],{"className":56,"code":24506,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24508,24509,24531],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24510,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24512,16633],{"class":181},[63,24514,2583],{"class":73},[63,24516,456],{"class":448},[63,24518,24425],{"class":452},[63,24520,456],{"class":448},[63,24522,102],{"class":73},[63,24524,449],{"class":448},[63,24526,24443],{"class":452},[63,24528,456],{"class":448},[63,24530,191],{"class":73},[63,24532,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24534,441],{"class":270},[63,24536,445],{"class":444},[63,24538,449],{"class":448},[63,24540,16633],{"class":452},[63,24542,456],{"class":448},[63,24544,459],{"class":270},[20,24546,24547,24548,24552,24553,307],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[303,24549,10348,24550,10352],{"href":16686},[15,24551,16689],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[303,24554,10348,24555,10352],{"href":16693},[15,24556,16696],{},[49,24558,24560],{"id":24559},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24562,24563],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[54,24565,24567],{"className":56,"code":24566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24568,24569,24622,24626,24642],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24570,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24618,24620],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24572,12479],{"class":382},[63,24574,386],{"class":270},[63,24576,10102],{"class":73},[63,24578,2455],{"class":448},[63,24580,7274],{"class":452},[63,24582,2455],{"class":448},[63,24584,2482],{"class":73},[63,24586,1375],{"class":448},[63,24588,12496],{"class":452},[63,24590,2455],{"class":448},[63,24592,102],{"class":73},[63,24594,1375],{"class":448},[63,24596,8909],{"class":452},[63,24598,2455],{"class":448},[63,24600,2482],{"class":73},[63,24602,7397],{"class":82},[63,24604,102],{"class":73},[63,24606,1375],{"class":448},[63,24608,14947],{"class":452},[63,24610,2455],{"class":448},[63,24612,2482],{"class":73},[63,24614,1375],{"class":448},[63,24616,24617],{"class":452},"Math",[63,24619,2455],{"class":448},[63,24621,8919],{"class":73},[63,24623,24624],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24625,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,24627,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,24629,5560],{"class":3473},[63,24631,17828],{"class":382},[63,24633,3480],{"class":3473},[63,24635,12522],{"class":382},[63,24637,307],{"class":73},[63,24639,16542],{"class":181},[63,24641,21215],{"class":73},[63,24643,24644,24646,24648,24650],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,24645,7677],{"class":69},[63,24647,74],{"class":73},[63,24649,14459],{"class":181},[63,24651,397],{"class":73},[20,24653,24654],{},[833,24655,110],{},[54,24657,24659],{"className":56,"code":24658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24660,24661,24666,24671],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24662,24663],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24664,24665],{"class":382},"name\n",[63,24667,24668],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24669,24670],{"class":382},"age\n",[63,24672,24673],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,24674,24675],{"class":382},"course\n",[20,24677,24678],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[54,24680,24682],{"className":56,"code":24681,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24683,24684,24696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24685,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24687,5560],{"class":3473},[63,24689,17828],{"class":382},[63,24691,3480],{"class":3473},[63,24693,12522],{"class":382},[63,24695,5996],{"class":73},[63,24697,24698,24700,24702,24704],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24699,7677],{"class":69},[63,24701,74],{"class":73},[63,24703,14459],{"class":181},[63,24705,397],{"class":73},[20,24707,24708,24709,24712],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24710,24711],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[49,24714,1114,24716],{"id":24715},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24717,16683],{},[20,24719,128,24720,10213],{},[15,24721,16683],{},[30,24723,24724,24727,24730],{},[33,24725,24726],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,24728,24729],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,24731,24732],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24734,1820],{},[54,24736,24738],{"className":56,"code":24737,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24739,24740,24792,24796,24811,24828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24741,24742,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772,24774,24777,24779,24781,24784,24786,24788,24790],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24743,24744],{"class":382},"product ",[63,24746,386],{"class":270},[63,24748,10102],{"class":73},[63,24750,2455],{"class":448},[63,24752,7274],{"class":452},[63,24754,2455],{"class":448},[63,24756,2482],{"class":73},[63,24758,1375],{"class":448},[63,24760,24761],{"class":452},"Book",[63,24763,2455],{"class":448},[63,24765,102],{"class":73},[63,24767,1375],{"class":448},[63,24769,568],{"class":452},[63,24771,2455],{"class":448},[63,24773,2482],{"class":73},[63,24775,24776],{"class":82}," 12.99",[63,24778,102],{"class":73},[63,24780,1375],{"class":448},[63,24782,24783],{"class":452},"stock",[63,24785,2455],{"class":448},[63,24787,2482],{"class":73},[63,24789,4206],{"class":82},[63,24791,8919],{"class":73},[63,24793,24794],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24795,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,24797,24798,24800,24802,24804,24807,24809],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,24799,70],{"class":69},[63,24801,74],{"class":73},[63,24803,2455],{"class":448},[63,24805,24806],{"class":452},"Available fields:",[63,24808,2455],{"class":448},[63,24810,397],{"class":73},[63,24812,24813,24815,24817,24819,24822,24824,24826],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,24814,5560],{"class":3473},[63,24816,17828],{"class":382},[63,24818,3480],{"class":3473},[63,24820,24821],{"class":382}," product",[63,24823,307],{"class":73},[63,24825,16542],{"class":181},[63,24827,21215],{"class":73},[63,24829,24830,24832,24834,24836],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,24831,7677],{"class":69},[63,24833,74],{"class":73},[63,24835,14459],{"class":181},[63,24837,397],{"class":73},[20,24839,24840],{},[833,24841,110],{},[54,24843,24845],{"className":56,"code":24844,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24846,24847,24854,24858,24863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24848,24849,24852],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24850,24851],{"class":382},"Available fields",[63,24853,5996],{"class":73},[63,24855,24856],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24857,24665],{"class":382},[63,24859,24860],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,24861,24862],{"class":382},"price\n",[63,24864,24865],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,24866,24867],{"class":382},"stock\n",[20,24869,24870],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[54,24872,24874],{"className":56,"code":24873,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24875,24876,24912,24916],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24877,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24879,24744],{"class":382},[63,24881,386],{"class":270},[63,24883,10102],{"class":73},[63,24885,2455],{"class":448},[63,24887,7274],{"class":452},[63,24889,2455],{"class":448},[63,24891,2482],{"class":73},[63,24893,1375],{"class":448},[63,24895,24761],{"class":452},[63,24897,2455],{"class":448},[63,24899,102],{"class":73},[63,24901,1375],{"class":448},[63,24903,568],{"class":452},[63,24905,2455],{"class":448},[63,24907,2482],{"class":73},[63,24909,24776],{"class":82},[63,24911,8919],{"class":73},[63,24913,24914],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,24915,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,24917,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,24919,70],{"class":69},[63,24921,74],{"class":73},[63,24923,2455],{"class":448},[63,24925,7274],{"class":452},[63,24927,2455],{"class":448},[63,24929,20793],{"class":3473},[63,24931,24821],{"class":181},[63,24933,307],{"class":73},[63,24935,16542],{"class":181},[63,24937,6799],{"class":73},[20,24939,24940,24941,307],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24942,3196],{},[20,24944,24945],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[54,24947,24949],{"className":56,"code":24948,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24950,24951],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24952,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24954,70],{"class":69},[63,24956,74],{"class":73},[63,24958,2455],{"class":448},[63,24960,7274],{"class":452},[63,24962,2455],{"class":448},[63,24964,20793],{"class":3473},[63,24966,24821],{"class":181},[63,24968,397],{"class":73},[20,24970,24971,24972,307],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[303,24973,20826],{"href":16771},[49,24975,24977],{"id":24976},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24979,24980,24981,307],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24982,16683],{},[1193,24984,1196,24986,24988],{"id":24985},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24987,16683],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24990,24991,24993],{},[15,24992,16683],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24995,1820],{},[54,24997,24999],{"className":56,"code":24998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25000,25001,25037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25002,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25004,8775],{"class":382},[63,25006,386],{"class":270},[63,25008,10102],{"class":73},[63,25010,2455],{"class":448},[63,25012,7274],{"class":452},[63,25014,2455],{"class":448},[63,25016,2482],{"class":73},[63,25018,1375],{"class":448},[63,25020,12496],{"class":452},[63,25022,2455],{"class":448},[63,25024,102],{"class":73},[63,25026,1375],{"class":448},[63,25028,8909],{"class":452},[63,25030,2455],{"class":448},[63,25032,2482],{"class":73},[63,25034,7397],{"class":82},[63,25036,8919],{"class":73},[63,25038,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,25040,70],{"class":69},[63,25042,74],{"class":73},[63,25044,8814],{"class":181},[63,25046,307],{"class":73},[63,25048,16542],{"class":181},[63,25050,6799],{"class":73},[20,25052,25053],{},[833,25054,110],{},[54,25056,25058],{"className":56,"code":25057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25059,25060],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25061,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25063,16633],{"class":181},[63,25065,2583],{"class":73},[63,25067,456],{"class":448},[63,25069,7274],{"class":452},[63,25071,456],{"class":448},[63,25073,102],{"class":73},[63,25075,449],{"class":448},[63,25077,8909],{"class":452},[63,25079,456],{"class":448},[63,25081,191],{"class":73},[20,25083,25084,25085,307],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[303,25086,25087],{"href":16693},[15,25088,16696],{},[1193,25090,25092,25093],{"id":25091},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25094,16633],{},[20,25096,25097],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[54,25099,25101],{"className":56,"code":25100,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25102,25103],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25104,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25106,3497],{"class":73},[63,25108,456],{"class":448},[63,25110,7274],{"class":452},[63,25112,456],{"class":448},[63,25114,102],{"class":73},[63,25116,449],{"class":448},[63,25118,8909],{"class":452},[63,25120,456],{"class":448},[63,25122,3229],{"class":73},[20,25124,25125,25126,25128],{},"But ",[15,25127,16683],{}," returns:",[54,25130,25131],{"className":56,"code":25057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,25132,25133],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25134,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25136,16633],{"class":181},[63,25138,2583],{"class":73},[63,25140,456],{"class":448},[63,25142,7274],{"class":452},[63,25144,456],{"class":448},[63,25146,102],{"class":73},[63,25148,449],{"class":448},[63,25150,8909],{"class":452},[63,25152,456],{"class":448},[63,25154,191],{"class":73},[20,25156,25157],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[54,25159,25161],{"className":56,"code":25160,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25162,25163,25199,25218,25222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25164,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25166,8775],{"class":382},[63,25168,386],{"class":270},[63,25170,10102],{"class":73},[63,25172,2455],{"class":448},[63,25174,7274],{"class":452},[63,25176,2455],{"class":448},[63,25178,2482],{"class":73},[63,25180,1375],{"class":448},[63,25182,12496],{"class":452},[63,25184,2455],{"class":448},[63,25186,102],{"class":73},[63,25188,1375],{"class":448},[63,25190,8909],{"class":452},[63,25192,2455],{"class":448},[63,25194,2482],{"class":73},[63,25196,7397],{"class":82},[63,25198,8919],{"class":73},[63,25200,25201,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,25202,25203],{"class":382},"key_list ",[63,25205,386],{"class":270},[63,25207,22180],{"class":417},[63,25209,74],{"class":73},[63,25211,8814],{"class":181},[63,25213,307],{"class":73},[63,25215,16542],{"class":181},[63,25217,6799],{"class":73},[63,25219,25220],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,25221,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,25223,25224,25226,25228,25231],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,25225,70],{"class":69},[63,25227,74],{"class":73},[63,25229,25230],{"class":181},"key_list",[63,25232,397],{"class":73},[1193,25234,25236,25237,25239],{"id":25235},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25238,16683],{}," on a list or string",[20,25241,25242,25244],{},[15,25243,16683],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25246,2437],{},[54,25248,25250],{"className":56,"code":25249,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25251,25252,25272],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25253,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25255,3211],{"class":382},[63,25257,386],{"class":270},[63,25259,3216],{"class":73},[63,25261,674],{"class":82},[63,25263,102],{"class":73},[63,25265,105],{"class":82},[63,25267,102],{"class":73},[63,25269,518],{"class":82},[63,25271,3229],{"class":73},[63,25273,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,25275,70],{"class":69},[63,25277,74],{"class":73},[63,25279,3243],{"class":181},[63,25281,307],{"class":73},[63,25283,16542],{"class":181},[63,25285,6799],{"class":73},[20,25287,25288,25289,25292,25293,25295,25296,307],{},"You may get an ",[15,25290,25291],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25294,16683],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[303,25297,25299,25300,25303],{"href":25298},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25301,25302],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1193,25305,25307],{"id":25306},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25309,25310],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[54,25312,25314],{"className":56,"code":25313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25315,25316,25340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25317,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25319,8775],{"class":382},[63,25321,386],{"class":270},[63,25323,10102],{"class":73},[63,25325,2455],{"class":448},[63,25327,7274],{"class":452},[63,25329,2455],{"class":448},[63,25331,2482],{"class":73},[63,25333,1375],{"class":448},[63,25335,12496],{"class":452},[63,25337,2455],{"class":448},[63,25339,8919],{"class":73},[63,25341,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,25343,70],{"class":69},[63,25345,74],{"class":73},[63,25347,8814],{"class":181},[63,25349,307],{"class":73},[63,25351,16542],{"class":24370},[63,25353,397],{"class":73},[20,25355,25356],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25358,18314],{},[54,25360,25362],{"className":56,"code":25361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25363,25364],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25365,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25367,70],{"class":69},[63,25369,74],{"class":73},[63,25371,8814],{"class":181},[63,25373,307],{"class":73},[63,25375,16542],{"class":181},[63,25377,6799],{"class":73},[49,25379,1186],{"id":1185},[20,25381,25382,25383,2482],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25384,16683],{},[30,25386,25387,25392,25398,25404],{},[33,25388,311,25389,25391],{},[15,25390,16683],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,25393,25394,25395,25397],{},"Thinking ",[15,25396,16683],{}," returns values too",[33,25399,25400,25401,25403],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25402,16633],{}," like a normal list",[33,25405,25406,25407,25409],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25408,16633],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25411,25412],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[54,25414,25416],{"className":56,"code":25415,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25417,25418,25450,25464,25468,25478],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25419,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25421,8775],{"class":382},[63,25423,386],{"class":270},[63,25425,10102],{"class":73},[63,25427,2455],{"class":448},[63,25429,303],{"class":452},[63,25431,2455],{"class":448},[63,25433,2482],{"class":73},[63,25435,249],{"class":82},[63,25437,102],{"class":73},[63,25439,1375],{"class":448},[63,25441,4362],{"class":452},[63,25443,2455],{"class":448},[63,25445,2482],{"class":73},[63,25447,105],{"class":82},[63,25449,8919],{"class":73},[63,25451,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,25453,16860],{"class":382},[63,25455,386],{"class":270},[63,25457,14184],{"class":382},[63,25459,307],{"class":73},[63,25461,16542],{"class":181},[63,25463,8252],{"class":73},[63,25465,25466],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,25467,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,25469,25470,25472,25474,25476],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,25471,70],{"class":69},[63,25473,74],{"class":73},[63,25475,16542],{"class":181},[63,25477,397],{"class":73},[63,25479,25480],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,25481,25482],{"class":1357},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25484,25485],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[54,25487,25489],{"className":56,"code":25488,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25490,25491,25523,25541,25545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25492,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25494,8775],{"class":382},[63,25496,386],{"class":270},[63,25498,10102],{"class":73},[63,25500,2455],{"class":448},[63,25502,303],{"class":452},[63,25504,2455],{"class":448},[63,25506,2482],{"class":73},[63,25508,249],{"class":82},[63,25510,102],{"class":73},[63,25512,1375],{"class":448},[63,25514,4362],{"class":452},[63,25516,2455],{"class":448},[63,25518,2482],{"class":73},[63,25520,105],{"class":82},[63,25522,8919],{"class":73},[63,25524,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537,25539],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,25526,16860],{"class":382},[63,25528,386],{"class":270},[63,25530,22180],{"class":417},[63,25532,74],{"class":73},[63,25534,8814],{"class":181},[63,25536,307],{"class":73},[63,25538,16542],{"class":181},[63,25540,6799],{"class":73},[63,25542,25543],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,25544,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,25546,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,25548,70],{"class":69},[63,25550,74],{"class":73},[63,25552,16542],{"class":181},[63,25554,3497],{"class":73},[63,25556,1734],{"class":82},[63,25558,191],{"class":73},[49,25560,25562],{"id":25561},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25564,10725],{},[54,25566,25568],{"className":56,"code":25567,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25569,25570,25584,25594,25608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25571,25572,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25573,70],{"class":69},[63,25575,74],{"class":73},[63,25577,418],{"class":417},[63,25579,74],{"class":73},[63,25581,11063],{"class":181},[63,25583,86],{"class":73},[63,25585,25586,25588,25590,25592],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,25587,70],{"class":69},[63,25589,74],{"class":73},[63,25591,11063],{"class":181},[63,25593,397],{"class":73},[63,25595,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,25597,70],{"class":69},[63,25599,74],{"class":73},[63,25601,11063],{"class":181},[63,25603,307],{"class":73},[63,25605,16542],{"class":181},[63,25607,6799],{"class":73},[63,25609,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,25611,70],{"class":69},[63,25613,74],{"class":73},[63,25615,7702],{"class":417},[63,25617,74],{"class":73},[63,25619,11063],{"class":181},[63,25621,307],{"class":73},[63,25623,16542],{"class":181},[63,25625,5893],{"class":73},[20,25627,25628],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,25630,25631,25634,25637,25642],{},[33,25632,25633],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,25635,25636],{},"what data it contains",[33,25638,25639,25640,11320],{},"what ",[15,25641,16683],{},[33,25643,25644],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[49,25646,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,25648,23538,25650,4747],{"id":25649},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25651,16683],{},[20,25653,17040,25654,25656],{},[15,25655,16633],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1193,25658,14521,25660,25663],{"id":25659},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25661,25662],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25665,25666,25667,25669,25670,307],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25668,16633],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25671,25672],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1193,25674,25676,25677,1506],{"id":25675},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25678,25662],{},[20,25680,25681,25682,25684],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25683,5560],{}," loop.",[1193,25686,25688,25689,25691],{"id":25687},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25690,16683],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25693,25694,25695,25697],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25696,16683],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1193,25699,25701],{"id":25700},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25703,128,25704,307],{},[15,25705,25706],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[49,25708,1517],{"id":1516},[30,25710,25711,25716,25722,25728,25734,25738],{},[33,25712,25713],{},[303,25714,25715],{"href":9001},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,25717,25718],{},[303,25719,10348,25720,10352],{"href":16686},[15,25721,16689],{},[33,25723,25724],{},[303,25725,10348,25726,10352],{"href":16693},[15,25727,16696],{},[33,25729,25730],{},[303,25731,25733],{"href":25732},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,25735,25736],{},[303,25737,16772],{"href":16771},[33,25739,25740],{},[303,25741,25742,25743,25303],{"href":25298},"How to fix ",[15,25744,25302],{},[1542,25746,25747],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":25749},[25750,25751,25753,25754,25755,25756,25757,25759,25768,25769,25770,25781],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":23869,"depth":89,"text":25752},"What keys() does",{"id":5388,"depth":89,"text":5389},{"id":5033,"depth":89,"text":5034},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":24559,"depth":89,"text":24560},{"id":24715,"depth":89,"text":25758},"When to use keys()",{"id":24976,"depth":89,"text":24977,"children":25760},[25761,25763,25765,25767],{"id":24985,"depth":254,"text":25762},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25091,"depth":254,"text":25764},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25235,"depth":254,"text":25766},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25306,"depth":254,"text":25307},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":25561,"depth":89,"text":25562},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":25771},[25772,25774,25776,25778,25780],{"id":25649,"depth":254,"text":25773},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25659,"depth":254,"text":25775},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25675,"depth":254,"text":25777},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25687,"depth":254,"text":25779},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25700,"depth":254,"text":25701},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23691,"description":25782},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25788,"title":25789,"body":25790,"description":28062,"extension":1580,"meta":28063,"navigation":579,"path":28064,"seo":28065,"stem":28066,"__hash__":28067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25791,"toc":28015},[25792,25797,25802,25805,25807,25953,25966,25971,25975,25989,25991,26094,26103,26105,26108,26146,26171,26173,26280,26282,26289,26292,26300,26302,26443,26451,26456,26460,26471,26473,26635,26638,26646,26653,26659,26756,26762,26839,26842,26854,26859,26865,26868,26872,26961,26964,26968,27072,27079,27166,27175,27177,27182,27188,27191,27237,27240,27306,27315,27321,27414,27420,27426,27469,27472,27537,27543,27635,27638,27642,27648,27673,27676,27772,27779,27781,27786,27877,27879,27907,27912,27914,27921,27924,27928,27938,27943,27946,27952,27962,27969,27977,27979,28012],[10,25793,10931,25795,10935],{"id":25794},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25796,12378],{},[20,25798,25799,25801],{},[15,25800,12185],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25803,25804],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[49,25806,3201],{"id":3200},[54,25808,25810],{"className":56,"code":25809,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25811,25812,25848,25872,25886,25899,25903,25908,25940],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25813,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25815,12821],{"class":382},[63,25817,386],{"class":270},[63,25819,10102],{"class":73},[63,25821,2455],{"class":448},[63,25823,7274],{"class":452},[63,25825,2455],{"class":448},[63,25827,2482],{"class":73},[63,25829,1375],{"class":448},[63,25831,12496],{"class":452},[63,25833,2455],{"class":448},[63,25835,102],{"class":73},[63,25837,1375],{"class":448},[63,25839,8909],{"class":452},[63,25841,2455],{"class":448},[63,25843,2482],{"class":73},[63,25845,8916],{"class":82},[63,25847,8919],{"class":73},[63,25849,25850,25853,25855,25857,25859,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,25851,25852],{"class":382},"removed_age ",[63,25854,386],{"class":270},[63,25856,12864],{"class":382},[63,25858,307],{"class":73},[63,25860,25861],{"class":181},"pop",[63,25863,74],{"class":73},[63,25865,2455],{"class":448},[63,25867,8909],{"class":452},[63,25869,2455],{"class":448},[63,25871,397],{"class":73},[63,25873,25874,25876,25878,25881,25883],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,25875,70],{"class":69},[63,25877,74],{"class":73},[63,25879,25880],{"class":181},"removed_age",[63,25882,3256],{"class":73},[63,25884,25885],{"class":1357},"   # 25\n",[63,25887,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,25889,70],{"class":69},[63,25891,74],{"class":73},[63,25893,16925],{"class":181},[63,25895,3256],{"class":73},[63,25897,25898],{"class":1357},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[63,25900,25901],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,25902,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,25904,25905],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,25906,25907],{"class":1357},"# Safe version with default value\n",[63,25909,25910,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25936,25938],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,25911,25912],{"class":382},"country ",[63,25914,386],{"class":270},[63,25916,12864],{"class":382},[63,25918,307],{"class":73},[63,25920,25861],{"class":181},[63,25922,74],{"class":73},[63,25924,2455],{"class":448},[63,25926,14880],{"class":452},[63,25928,2455],{"class":448},[63,25930,102],{"class":73},[63,25932,1375],{"class":448},[63,25934,25935],{"class":452},"Not found",[63,25937,2455],{"class":448},[63,25939,397],{"class":73},[63,25941,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,25943,70],{"class":69},[63,25945,74],{"class":73},[63,25947,14880],{"class":181},[63,25949,3256],{"class":73},[63,25951,25952],{"class":1357},"       # Not found\n",[20,25954,128,25955,25958,25959,25962,25963,25965],{},[15,25956,25957],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25960,25961],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25964,19307],{}," when the key might not exist.",[49,25967,138,25969,141],{"id":25968},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25970,12185],{},[20,25972,25973,2482],{},[15,25974,12185],{},[30,25976,25977,25980,25983,25986],{},[33,25978,25979],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,25981,25982],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,25984,25985],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,25987,25988],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25990,1820],{},[54,25992,25994],{"className":56,"code":25993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25995,25996,26036,26040,26063,26067,26081],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25997,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25999,11102],{"class":382},[63,26001,386],{"class":270},[63,26003,10102],{"class":73},[63,26005,2455],{"class":448},[63,26007,7274],{"class":452},[63,26009,2455],{"class":448},[63,26011,2482],{"class":73},[63,26013,1375],{"class":448},[63,26015,12838],{"class":452},[63,26017,2455],{"class":448},[63,26019,102],{"class":73},[63,26021,1375],{"class":448},[63,26023,10020],{"class":452},[63,26025,2455],{"class":448},[63,26027,2482],{"class":73},[63,26029,1375],{"class":448},[63,26031,10027],{"class":452},[63,26033,2455],{"class":448},[63,26035,8919],{"class":73},[63,26037,26038],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,26039,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26041,26042,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,26043,26044],{"class":382},"removed_city ",[63,26046,386],{"class":270},[63,26048,11185],{"class":382},[63,26050,307],{"class":73},[63,26052,25861],{"class":181},[63,26054,74],{"class":73},[63,26056,2455],{"class":448},[63,26058,10020],{"class":452},[63,26060,2455],{"class":448},[63,26062,397],{"class":73},[63,26064,26065],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,26066,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26068,26069,26071,26073,26076,26078],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,26070,70],{"class":69},[63,26072,74],{"class":73},[63,26074,26075],{"class":181},"removed_city",[63,26077,3256],{"class":73},[63,26079,26080],{"class":1357},"  # Paris\n",[63,26082,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,26084,70],{"class":69},[63,26086,74],{"class":73},[63,26088,11196],{"class":181},[63,26090,3256],{"class":73},[63,26092,26093],{"class":1357},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26095,20390,26096,26099,26100,307],{},[15,26097,26098],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26101,26102],{},"\"Paris\"",[49,26104,164],{"id":163},[20,26106,26107],{},"There are two common forms:",[54,26109,26111],{"className":56,"code":26110,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26112,26113,26127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26114,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123,26125],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26116,11063],{"class":382},[63,26118,307],{"class":73},[63,26120,25861],{"class":181},[63,26122,74],{"class":73},[63,26124,14459],{"class":181},[63,26126,397],{"class":73},[63,26128,26129,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139,26141,26144],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,26130,11063],{"class":382},[63,26132,307],{"class":73},[63,26134,25861],{"class":181},[63,26136,74],{"class":73},[63,26138,14459],{"class":181},[63,26140,102],{"class":73},[63,26142,26143],{"class":181}," default",[63,26145,397],{"class":73},[30,26147,26148,26154,26162,26168],{},[33,26149,26150,26153],{},[15,26151,26152],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26155,26156,26158,26159,26161],{},[15,26157,26152],{}," raises ",[15,26160,19307],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26163,26164,26167],{},[15,26165,26166],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26169,26170],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26172,1820],{},[54,26174,26176],{"className":56,"code":26175,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26177,26178,26210,26214,26239,26267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26179,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26181,4665],{"class":382},[63,26183,386],{"class":270},[63,26185,10102],{"class":73},[63,26187,2455],{"class":448},[63,26189,18036],{"class":452},[63,26191,2455],{"class":448},[63,26193,2482],{"class":73},[63,26195,19518],{"class":82},[63,26197,102],{"class":73},[63,26199,1375],{"class":448},[63,26201,18045],{"class":452},[63,26203,2455],{"class":448},[63,26205,2482],{"class":73},[63,26207,13124],{"class":82},[63,26209,8919],{"class":73},[63,26211,26212],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,26213,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26215,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232,26234,26236],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,26217,70],{"class":69},[63,26219,74],{"class":73},[63,26221,16008],{"class":181},[63,26223,307],{"class":73},[63,26225,25861],{"class":181},[63,26227,74],{"class":73},[63,26229,2455],{"class":448},[63,26231,18036],{"class":452},[63,26233,2455],{"class":448},[63,26235,4964],{"class":73},[63,26237,26238],{"class":1357},"         # 90\n",[63,26240,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259,26261,26263,26265],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,26242,70],{"class":69},[63,26244,74],{"class":73},[63,26246,16008],{"class":181},[63,26248,307],{"class":73},[63,26250,25861],{"class":181},[63,26252,74],{"class":73},[63,26254,2455],{"class":448},[63,26256,18054],{"class":452},[63,26258,2455],{"class":448},[63,26260,102],{"class":73},[63,26262,3429],{"class":82},[63,26264,4964],{"class":73},[63,26266,20387],{"class":1357},[63,26268,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,26270,70],{"class":69},[63,26272,74],{"class":73},[63,26274,16008],{"class":181},[63,26276,3256],{"class":73},[63,26278,26279],{"class":1357},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[49,26281,17037],{"id":17036},[20,26283,26284,13671,26286,26288],{},[15,26285,12378],{},[833,26287,973],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26290,26291],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26293,26294,26297],{},[33,26295,26296],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26298,26299],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26301,1820],{},[54,26303,26305],{"className":56,"code":26304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26306,26307,26339,26343,26366,26398,26402,26416,26430],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26308,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26310,8775],{"class":382},[63,26312,386],{"class":270},[63,26314,10102],{"class":73},[63,26316,2455],{"class":448},[63,26318,303],{"class":452},[63,26320,2455],{"class":448},[63,26322,2482],{"class":73},[63,26324,5607],{"class":82},[63,26326,102],{"class":73},[63,26328,1375],{"class":448},[63,26330,4362],{"class":452},[63,26332,2455],{"class":448},[63,26334,2482],{"class":73},[63,26336,7397],{"class":82},[63,26338,8919],{"class":73},[63,26340,26341],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,26342,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26344,26345,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,26346,26347],{"class":382},"result1 ",[63,26349,386],{"class":270},[63,26351,14184],{"class":382},[63,26353,307],{"class":73},[63,26355,25861],{"class":181},[63,26357,74],{"class":73},[63,26359,2455],{"class":448},[63,26361,303],{"class":452},[63,26363,2455],{"class":448},[63,26365,397],{"class":73},[63,26367,26368,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26394,26396],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,26369,26370],{"class":382},"result2 ",[63,26372,386],{"class":270},[63,26374,14184],{"class":382},[63,26376,307],{"class":73},[63,26378,25861],{"class":181},[63,26380,74],{"class":73},[63,26382,2455],{"class":448},[63,26384,9350],{"class":452},[63,26386,2455],{"class":448},[63,26388,102],{"class":73},[63,26390,1375],{"class":448},[63,26392,26393],{"class":452},"missing",[63,26395,2455],{"class":448},[63,26397,397],{"class":73},[63,26399,26400],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,26401,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26403,26404,26406,26408,26411,26413],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,26405,70],{"class":69},[63,26407,74],{"class":73},[63,26409,26410],{"class":181},"result1",[63,26412,3256],{"class":73},[63,26414,26415],{"class":1357},"  # 10\n",[63,26417,26418,26420,26422,26425,26427],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,26419,70],{"class":69},[63,26421,74],{"class":73},[63,26423,26424],{"class":181},"result2",[63,26426,3256],{"class":73},[63,26428,26429],{"class":1357},"  # missing\n",[63,26431,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,26433,70],{"class":69},[63,26435,74],{"class":73},[63,26437,8814],{"class":181},[63,26439,3256],{"class":73},[63,26441,26442],{"class":1357},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26444,26445,26446,6235],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[303,26447,26448],{"href":10347},[15,26449,26450],{},"dict.get()",[49,26452,1114,26454],{"id":26453},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26455,12378],{},[20,26457,128,26458,10213],{},[15,26459,12378],{},[30,26461,26462,26465,26468],{},[33,26463,26464],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26466,26467],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26469,26470],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26472,1820],{},[54,26474,26476],{"className":56,"code":26475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26477,26478,26530,26534,26561,26565,26589,26593,26607,26621],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26479,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26514,26516,26518,26521,26523,26525,26528],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26481,24744],{"class":382},[63,26483,386],{"class":270},[63,26485,10102],{"class":73},[63,26487,2455],{"class":448},[63,26489,7274],{"class":452},[63,26491,2455],{"class":448},[63,26493,2482],{"class":73},[63,26495,1375],{"class":448},[63,26497,26498],{"class":452},"Laptop",[63,26500,2455],{"class":448},[63,26502,102],{"class":73},[63,26504,1375],{"class":448},[63,26506,568],{"class":452},[63,26508,2455],{"class":448},[63,26510,2482],{"class":73},[63,26512,26513],{"class":82}," 1200",[63,26515,102],{"class":73},[63,26517,1375],{"class":448},[63,26519,26520],{"class":452},"discount",[63,26522,2455],{"class":448},[63,26524,2482],{"class":73},[63,26526,26527],{"class":82}," 200",[63,26529,8919],{"class":73},[63,26531,26532],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,26533,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26535,26536,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,26537,26538],{"class":382},"discount_amount ",[63,26540,386],{"class":270},[63,26542,24821],{"class":382},[63,26544,307],{"class":73},[63,26546,25861],{"class":181},[63,26548,74],{"class":73},[63,26550,2455],{"class":448},[63,26552,26520],{"class":452},[63,26554,2455],{"class":448},[63,26556,102],{"class":73},[63,26558,3429],{"class":82},[63,26560,397],{"class":73},[63,26562,26563],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,26564,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26566,26567,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,26568,26569],{"class":382},"final_price ",[63,26571,386],{"class":270},[63,26573,24821],{"class":382},[63,26575,3497],{"class":73},[63,26577,2455],{"class":448},[63,26579,568],{"class":452},[63,26581,2455],{"class":448},[63,26583,12890],{"class":73},[63,26585,271],{"class":270},[63,26587,26588],{"class":382}," discount_amount\n",[63,26590,26591],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,26592,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26594,26595,26597,26599,26602,26604],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,26596,70],{"class":69},[63,26598,74],{"class":73},[63,26600,26601],{"class":181},"discount_amount",[63,26603,3256],{"class":73},[63,26605,26606],{"class":1357},"  # 200\n",[63,26608,26609,26611,26613,26616,26618],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,26610,70],{"class":69},[63,26612,74],{"class":73},[63,26614,26615],{"class":181},"final_price",[63,26617,3256],{"class":73},[63,26619,26620],{"class":1357},"      # 1000\n",[63,26622,26623,26625,26627,26630,26632],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,26624,70],{"class":69},[63,26626,74],{"class":73},[63,26628,26629],{"class":181},"product",[63,26631,3256],{"class":73},[63,26633,26634],{"class":1357},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26636,26637],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[49,26639,26641,10197,26643],{"id":26640},"pop-vs-del",[15,26642,12378],{},[15,26644,26645],{},"del",[20,26647,10202,26648,3993,26650,26652],{},[15,26649,12378],{},[15,26651,26645],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1193,26654,128,26656,26658],{"id":26655},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26657,12378],{}," when you need the removed value",[54,26660,26662],{"className":56,"code":26661,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26663,26664,26700,26704,26726,26730,26743],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26665,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26667,12821],{"class":382},[63,26669,386],{"class":270},[63,26671,10102],{"class":73},[63,26673,2455],{"class":448},[63,26675,7274],{"class":452},[63,26677,2455],{"class":448},[63,26679,2482],{"class":73},[63,26681,1375],{"class":448},[63,26683,12496],{"class":452},[63,26685,2455],{"class":448},[63,26687,102],{"class":73},[63,26689,1375],{"class":448},[63,26691,8909],{"class":452},[63,26693,2455],{"class":448},[63,26695,2482],{"class":73},[63,26697,8916],{"class":82},[63,26699,8919],{"class":73},[63,26701,26702],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,26703,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26705,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,26707,21248],{"class":382},[63,26709,386],{"class":270},[63,26711,12864],{"class":382},[63,26713,307],{"class":73},[63,26715,25861],{"class":181},[63,26717,74],{"class":73},[63,26719,2455],{"class":448},[63,26721,8909],{"class":452},[63,26723,2455],{"class":448},[63,26725,397],{"class":73},[63,26727,26728],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,26729,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26731,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,26733,70],{"class":69},[63,26735,74],{"class":73},[63,26737,8909],{"class":181},[63,26739,3256],{"class":73},[63,26741,26742],{"class":1357},"     # 25\n",[63,26744,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,26746,70],{"class":69},[63,26748,74],{"class":73},[63,26750,16925],{"class":181},[63,26752,3256],{"class":73},[63,26754,26755],{"class":1357},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1193,26757,128,26759,26761],{"id":26758},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26760,26645],{}," when you only want deletion",[54,26763,26765],{"className":56,"code":26764,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26766,26767,26803,26807,26823,26827],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26768,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26770,12821],{"class":382},[63,26772,386],{"class":270},[63,26774,10102],{"class":73},[63,26776,2455],{"class":448},[63,26778,7274],{"class":452},[63,26780,2455],{"class":448},[63,26782,2482],{"class":73},[63,26784,1375],{"class":448},[63,26786,12496],{"class":452},[63,26788,2455],{"class":448},[63,26790,102],{"class":73},[63,26792,1375],{"class":448},[63,26794,8909],{"class":452},[63,26796,2455],{"class":448},[63,26798,2482],{"class":73},[63,26800,8916],{"class":82},[63,26802,8919],{"class":73},[63,26804,26805],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,26806,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26808,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,26810,26645],{"class":3473},[63,26812,12864],{"class":382},[63,26814,3497],{"class":73},[63,26816,2455],{"class":448},[63,26818,8909],{"class":452},[63,26820,2455],{"class":448},[63,26822,3229],{"class":73},[63,26824,26825],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,26826,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26828,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,26830,70],{"class":69},[63,26832,74],{"class":73},[63,26834,16925],{"class":181},[63,26836,3256],{"class":73},[63,26838,26755],{"class":1357},[20,26840,26841],{},"Difference:",[30,26843,26844,26849],{},[33,26845,26846,26848],{},[15,26847,12378],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,26850,26851,26853],{},[15,26852,26645],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26855,26856,26857,307],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[303,26858,12190],{"href":12189},[49,26860,26862,26863],{"id":26861},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26864,19307],{},[20,26866,26867],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1193,26869,26871],{"id":26870},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[54,26873,26875],{"className":56,"code":26874,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26876,26877,26902,26906,26932,26936,26948],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26878,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26898,26900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26880,11339],{"class":382},[63,26882,386],{"class":270},[63,26884,10102],{"class":73},[63,26886,2455],{"class":448},[63,26888,7274],{"class":452},[63,26890,2455],{"class":448},[63,26892,2482],{"class":73},[63,26894,1375],{"class":448},[63,26896,26897],{"class":452},"Sara",[63,26899,2455],{"class":448},[63,26901,8919],{"class":73},[63,26903,26904],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,26905,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26907,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,26909,984],{"class":382},[63,26911,386],{"class":270},[63,26913,11381],{"class":382},[63,26915,307],{"class":73},[63,26917,25861],{"class":181},[63,26919,74],{"class":73},[63,26921,2455],{"class":448},[63,26923,8909],{"class":452},[63,26925,2455],{"class":448},[63,26927,102],{"class":73},[63,26929,3449],{"class":3448},[63,26931,397],{"class":73},[63,26933,26934],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,26935,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,26937,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,26939,70],{"class":69},[63,26941,74],{"class":73},[63,26943,1002],{"class":181},[63,26945,3256],{"class":73},[63,26947,20180],{"class":1357},[63,26949,26950,26952,26954,26956,26958],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,26951,70],{"class":69},[63,26953,74],{"class":73},[63,26955,11063],{"class":181},[63,26957,3256],{"class":73},[63,26959,26960],{"class":1357}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26962,26963],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1193,26965,26967],{"id":26966},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[54,26969,26971],{"className":56,"code":26970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26972,26973,26997,27001,27017,27040,27050,27057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26974,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26976,11339],{"class":382},[63,26978,386],{"class":270},[63,26980,10102],{"class":73},[63,26982,2455],{"class":448},[63,26984,7274],{"class":452},[63,26986,2455],{"class":448},[63,26988,2482],{"class":73},[63,26990,1375],{"class":448},[63,26992,26897],{"class":452},[63,26994,2455],{"class":448},[63,26996,8919],{"class":73},[63,26998,26999],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27000,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27002,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,27004,6602],{"class":3473},[63,27006,1375],{"class":448},[63,27008,8909],{"class":452},[63,27010,2455],{"class":448},[63,27012,20793],{"class":270},[63,27014,11381],{"class":382},[63,27016,5996],{"class":73},[63,27018,27019,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,27020,27021],{"class":382},"    value ",[63,27023,386],{"class":270},[63,27025,11381],{"class":382},[63,27027,307],{"class":73},[63,27029,25861],{"class":181},[63,27031,74],{"class":73},[63,27033,2455],{"class":448},[63,27035,8909],{"class":452},[63,27037,2455],{"class":448},[63,27039,397],{"class":73},[63,27041,27042,27044,27046,27048],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,27043,7677],{"class":69},[63,27045,74],{"class":73},[63,27047,1002],{"class":181},[63,27049,397],{"class":73},[63,27051,27052,27055],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,27053,27054],{"class":3473},"else",[63,27056,5996],{"class":73},[63,27058,27059,27061,27063,27065,27068,27070],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,27060,7677],{"class":69},[63,27062,74],{"class":73},[63,27064,2455],{"class":448},[63,27066,27067],{"class":452},"Key not found",[63,27069,2455],{"class":448},[63,27071,397],{"class":73},[1193,27073,27075,27076,27078],{"id":27074},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27077,10351],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[54,27080,27082],{"className":56,"code":27081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27083,27084,27108,27112,27138,27142,27154],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27085,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27087,11339],{"class":382},[63,27089,386],{"class":270},[63,27091,10102],{"class":73},[63,27093,2455],{"class":448},[63,27095,7274],{"class":452},[63,27097,2455],{"class":448},[63,27099,2482],{"class":73},[63,27101,1375],{"class":448},[63,27103,26897],{"class":452},[63,27105,2455],{"class":448},[63,27107,8919],{"class":73},[63,27109,27110],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27111,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27113,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,27115,984],{"class":382},[63,27117,386],{"class":270},[63,27119,11381],{"class":382},[63,27121,307],{"class":73},[63,27123,19370],{"class":181},[63,27125,74],{"class":73},[63,27127,2455],{"class":448},[63,27129,8909],{"class":452},[63,27131,2455],{"class":448},[63,27133,102],{"class":73},[63,27135,3449],{"class":3448},[63,27137,397],{"class":73},[63,27139,27140],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,27141,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27143,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,27145,70],{"class":69},[63,27147,74],{"class":73},[63,27149,1002],{"class":181},[63,27151,3256],{"class":73},[63,27153,20180],{"class":1357},[63,27155,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,27157,70],{"class":69},[63,27159,74],{"class":73},[63,27161,11063],{"class":181},[63,27163,3256],{"class":73},[63,27165,26960],{"class":1357},[20,27167,128,27168,27172,27173,307],{},[303,27169,27170],{"href":10347},[15,27171,26450],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[303,27174,10875],{"href":10686},[49,27176,4119],{"id":4118},[20,27178,27179,27180,307],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27181,12185],{},[1193,27183,25394,27185,27187],{"id":27184},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27186,12378],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27189,27190],{},"Lists use indexes:",[54,27192,27194],{"className":56,"code":27193,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27195,27196,27216],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27197,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27199,3211],{"class":382},[63,27201,386],{"class":270},[63,27203,3216],{"class":73},[63,27205,1940],{"class":82},[63,27207,102],{"class":73},[63,27209,7397],{"class":82},[63,27211,102],{"class":73},[63,27213,7402],{"class":82},[63,27215,3229],{"class":73},[63,27217,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27219,70],{"class":69},[63,27221,74],{"class":73},[63,27223,3243],{"class":181},[63,27225,307],{"class":73},[63,27227,25861],{"class":181},[63,27229,74],{"class":73},[63,27231,674],{"class":82},[63,27233,4964],{"class":73},[63,27235,27236],{"class":1357},"  # 20\n",[20,27238,27239],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[54,27241,27243],{"className":56,"code":27242,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27244,27245,27281],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27246,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27248,12821],{"class":382},[63,27250,386],{"class":270},[63,27252,10102],{"class":73},[63,27254,2455],{"class":448},[63,27256,7274],{"class":452},[63,27258,2455],{"class":448},[63,27260,2482],{"class":73},[63,27262,1375],{"class":448},[63,27264,12496],{"class":452},[63,27266,2455],{"class":448},[63,27268,102],{"class":73},[63,27270,1375],{"class":448},[63,27272,8909],{"class":452},[63,27274,2455],{"class":448},[63,27276,2482],{"class":73},[63,27278,8916],{"class":82},[63,27280,8919],{"class":73},[63,27282,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27284,70],{"class":69},[63,27286,74],{"class":73},[63,27288,16925],{"class":181},[63,27290,307],{"class":73},[63,27292,25861],{"class":181},[63,27294,74],{"class":73},[63,27296,2455],{"class":448},[63,27298,8909],{"class":452},[63,27300,2455],{"class":448},[63,27302,4964],{"class":73},[63,27304,27305],{"class":1357},"  # 25\n",[20,27307,27308,27309,27311,27312,27314],{},"A dictionary does ",[833,27310,973],{}," use positions with ",[15,27313,12378],{},". It uses keys.",[1193,27316,4305,27318,27320],{"id":27317},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27319,12378],{}," changes the original dictionary",[54,27322,27324],{"className":56,"code":27323,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27325,27326,27358,27362,27384,27388,27401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27327,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27329,8775],{"class":382},[63,27331,386],{"class":270},[63,27333,10102],{"class":73},[63,27335,2455],{"class":448},[63,27337,1786],{"class":452},[63,27339,2455],{"class":448},[63,27341,2482],{"class":73},[63,27343,249],{"class":82},[63,27345,102],{"class":73},[63,27347,1375],{"class":448},[63,27349,11360],{"class":452},[63,27351,2455],{"class":448},[63,27353,2482],{"class":73},[63,27355,105],{"class":82},[63,27357,8919],{"class":73},[63,27359,27360],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27361,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27363,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,27365,984],{"class":382},[63,27367,386],{"class":270},[63,27369,14184],{"class":382},[63,27371,307],{"class":73},[63,27373,25861],{"class":181},[63,27375,74],{"class":73},[63,27377,2455],{"class":448},[63,27379,1786],{"class":452},[63,27381,2455],{"class":448},[63,27383,397],{"class":73},[63,27385,27386],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,27387,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27389,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,27391,70],{"class":69},[63,27393,74],{"class":73},[63,27395,1002],{"class":181},[63,27397,3256],{"class":73},[63,27399,27400],{"class":1357},"  # 1\n",[63,27402,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,27404,70],{"class":69},[63,27406,74],{"class":73},[63,27408,8814],{"class":181},[63,27410,3256],{"class":73},[63,27412,27413],{"class":1357},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27415,27416,27417,27419],{},"After ",[15,27418,12378],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1193,27421,311,27423,27425],{"id":27422},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27424,12378],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[54,27427,27429],{"className":56,"code":27428,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27430,27431,27455,27459,27464],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27432,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27434,8775],{"class":382},[63,27436,386],{"class":270},[63,27438,10102],{"class":73},[63,27440,2455],{"class":448},[63,27442,7274],{"class":452},[63,27444,2455],{"class":448},[63,27446,2482],{"class":73},[63,27448,1375],{"class":448},[63,27450,7529],{"class":452},[63,27452,2455],{"class":448},[63,27454,8919],{"class":73},[63,27456,27457],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27458,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27460,27461],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,27462,27463],{"class":1357},"# This causes an error\n",[63,27465,27466],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,27467,27468],{"class":1357},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27470,27471],{},"Safer version:",[54,27473,27475],{"className":56,"code":27474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27476,27477,27501,27505],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27478,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27480,8775],{"class":382},[63,27482,386],{"class":270},[63,27484,10102],{"class":73},[63,27486,2455],{"class":448},[63,27488,7274],{"class":452},[63,27490,2455],{"class":448},[63,27492,2482],{"class":73},[63,27494,1375],{"class":448},[63,27496,7529],{"class":452},[63,27498,2455],{"class":448},[63,27500,8919],{"class":73},[63,27502,27503],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27504,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27506,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,27508,70],{"class":69},[63,27510,74],{"class":73},[63,27512,8814],{"class":181},[63,27514,307],{"class":73},[63,27516,25861],{"class":181},[63,27518,74],{"class":73},[63,27520,2455],{"class":448},[63,27522,8909],{"class":452},[63,27524,2455],{"class":448},[63,27526,102],{"class":73},[63,27528,1375],{"class":448},[63,27530,26393],{"class":452},[63,27532,2455],{"class":448},[63,27534,4964],{"class":73},[63,27536,26429],{"class":1357},[1193,27538,1196,27540,27542],{"id":27539},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27541,12378],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[54,27544,27546],{"className":56,"code":27545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27547,27548,27580,27584,27606,27610,27622],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27549,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27551,8775],{"class":382},[63,27553,386],{"class":270},[63,27555,10102],{"class":73},[63,27557,2455],{"class":448},[63,27559,303],{"class":452},[63,27561,2455],{"class":448},[63,27563,2482],{"class":73},[63,27565,249],{"class":82},[63,27567,102],{"class":73},[63,27569,1375],{"class":448},[63,27571,4362],{"class":452},[63,27573,2455],{"class":448},[63,27575,2482],{"class":73},[63,27577,105],{"class":82},[63,27579,8919],{"class":73},[63,27581,27582],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27583,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27585,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,27587,383],{"class":382},[63,27589,386],{"class":270},[63,27591,14184],{"class":382},[63,27593,307],{"class":73},[63,27595,25861],{"class":181},[63,27597,74],{"class":73},[63,27599,2455],{"class":448},[63,27601,303],{"class":452},[63,27603,2455],{"class":448},[63,27605,397],{"class":73},[63,27607,27608],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,27609,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27611,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,27613,70],{"class":69},[63,27615,74],{"class":73},[63,27617,406],{"class":181},[63,27619,3256],{"class":73},[63,27621,27400],{"class":1357},[63,27623,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,27625,70],{"class":69},[63,27627,74],{"class":73},[63,27629,8814],{"class":181},[63,27631,3256],{"class":73},[63,27633,27634],{"class":1357},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27636,27637],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[49,27639,27641],{"id":27640},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27643,27644,27645,27647],{},"Problems with ",[15,27646,12185],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,27649,27650,27653,27662,27665],{},[33,27651,27652],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,27654,27655,27656,27659,27660],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27657,27658],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27661,25957],{},[33,27663,27664],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,27666,27667,27668,10704,27670],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27669,674],{},[15,27671,27672],{},"\"1\"",[20,27674,27675],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[54,27677,27679],{"className":56,"code":27678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27680,27681,27705,27709,27739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27682,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27684,8775],{"class":382},[63,27686,386],{"class":270},[63,27688,10102],{"class":73},[63,27690,2455],{"class":448},[63,27692,674],{"class":452},[63,27694,2455],{"class":448},[63,27696,2482],{"class":73},[63,27698,1375],{"class":448},[63,27700,6189],{"class":452},[63,27702,2455],{"class":448},[63,27704,8919],{"class":73},[63,27706,27707],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27708,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,27710,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27732,27734,27736],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,27712,70],{"class":69},[63,27714,74],{"class":73},[63,27716,8814],{"class":181},[63,27718,307],{"class":73},[63,27720,25861],{"class":181},[63,27722,74],{"class":73},[63,27724,674],{"class":82},[63,27726,102],{"class":73},[63,27728,1375],{"class":448},[63,27730,27731],{"class":452},"not found",[63,27733,2455],{"class":448},[63,27735,4964],{"class":73},[63,27737,27738],{"class":1357},"    # not found\n",[63,27740,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,27742,70],{"class":69},[63,27744,74],{"class":73},[63,27746,8814],{"class":181},[63,27748,307],{"class":73},[63,27750,25861],{"class":181},[63,27752,74],{"class":73},[63,27754,2455],{"class":448},[63,27756,674],{"class":452},[63,27758,2455],{"class":448},[63,27760,102],{"class":73},[63,27762,1375],{"class":448},[63,27764,27731],{"class":452},[63,27766,2455],{"class":448},[63,27768,4964],{"class":73},[63,27770,27771],{"class":1357},"  # one\n",[20,27773,27774,3993,27776,27778],{},[15,27775,674],{},[15,27777,27672],{}," are different keys.",[49,27780,8482],{"id":8481},[20,27782,8485,27783,27785],{},[15,27784,12378],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,27787,27789],{"className":56,"code":27788,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27790,27791,27801,27815,27833,27863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27792,27793,27795,27797,27799],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27794,70],{"class":69},[63,27796,74],{"class":73},[63,27798,11063],{"class":181},[63,27800,397],{"class":73},[63,27802,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,27804,70],{"class":69},[63,27806,74],{"class":73},[63,27808,11063],{"class":181},[63,27810,307],{"class":73},[63,27812,16542],{"class":181},[63,27814,6799],{"class":73},[63,27816,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,27818,70],{"class":69},[63,27820,74],{"class":73},[63,27822,456],{"class":448},[63,27824,7274],{"class":452},[63,27826,456],{"class":448},[63,27828,20793],{"class":3473},[63,27830,11381],{"class":181},[63,27832,397],{"class":73},[63,27834,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,27836,70],{"class":69},[63,27838,74],{"class":73},[63,27840,11063],{"class":181},[63,27842,307],{"class":73},[63,27844,25861],{"class":181},[63,27846,74],{"class":73},[63,27848,456],{"class":448},[63,27850,7274],{"class":452},[63,27852,456],{"class":448},[63,27854,102],{"class":73},[63,27856,449],{"class":448},[63,27858,26393],{"class":452},[63,27860,456],{"class":448},[63,27862,86],{"class":73},[63,27864,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,27866,70],{"class":69},[63,27868,74],{"class":73},[63,27870,418],{"class":417},[63,27872,74],{"class":73},[63,27874,11063],{"class":181},[63,27876,86],{"class":73},[20,27878,20956],{},[30,27880,27881,27886,27891,27896,27902],{},[33,27882,27883,27885],{},[15,27884,12295],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,27887,27888,27890],{},[15,27889,20968],{}," shows all available keys",[33,27892,27893,27895],{},[15,27894,20974],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,27897,27898,27901],{},[15,27899,27900],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,27903,27904,27906],{},[15,27905,12301],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27908,27909,27910,307],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[303,27911,9002],{"href":9001},[49,27913,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,27915,27917,27918,27920],{"id":27916},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27919,12378],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27922,27923],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1193,27925,27927],{"id":27926},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27929,27930,26158,27932,27934,27935,27937],{},[15,27931,25957],{},[15,27933,19307],{},". ",[15,27936,25961],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1193,27939,1459,27941,14514],{"id":27940},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27942,12378],{},[20,27944,27945],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1193,27947,1499,27949,27951],{"id":27948},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,27950,12378],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27953,27954,27955,27957,27958,307],{},"Not with ",[15,27956,12185],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[303,27959,27960],{"href":12196},[15,27961,12385],{},[1193,27963,4781,27965,3993,27967,1506],{"id":27964},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27966,10351],{},[15,27968,12378],{},[20,27970,27971,27973,27974,27976],{},[15,27972,10351],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27975,12378],{}," reads and removes it.",[49,27978,1517],{"id":1516},[30,27980,27981,27987,27994,27998,28002,28006],{},[33,27982,27983],{},[303,27984,27985],{"href":10347},[15,27986,19288],{},[33,27988,27989],{},[303,27990,27991],{"href":12196},[15,27992,27993],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,27995,27996],{},[303,27997,12402],{"href":12189},[33,27999,28000],{},[303,28001,21077],{"href":16215},[33,28003,28004],{},[303,28005,10875],{"href":10686},[33,28007,28008],{},[303,28009,28011],{"href":28010},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1542,28013,28014],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":28016},[28017,28018,28020,28021,28022,28024,28031,28038,28048,28049,28050,28061],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":25968,"depth":89,"text":28019},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":26453,"depth":89,"text":28023},"When to use pop()",{"id":26640,"depth":89,"text":28025,"children":28026},"pop() vs del",[28027,28029],{"id":26655,"depth":254,"text":28028},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26758,"depth":254,"text":28030},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26861,"depth":89,"text":28032,"children":28033},"How to avoid KeyError",[28034,28035,28036],{"id":26870,"depth":254,"text":26871},{"id":26966,"depth":254,"text":26967},{"id":27074,"depth":254,"text":28037},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":28039},[28040,28042,28044,28046],{"id":27184,"depth":254,"text":28041},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27317,"depth":254,"text":28043},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27422,"depth":254,"text":28045},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27539,"depth":254,"text":28047},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27640,"depth":89,"text":27641},{"id":8481,"depth":89,"text":8482},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":28051},[28052,28054,28055,28057,28059],{"id":27916,"depth":254,"text":28053},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27926,"depth":254,"text":27927},{"id":27940,"depth":254,"text":28056},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27948,"depth":254,"text":28058},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27964,"depth":254,"text":28060},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25789,"description":28062},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28069,"title":27993,"body":28070,"description":30010,"extension":1580,"meta":30011,"navigation":579,"path":30012,"seo":30013,"stem":30014,"__hash__":30015},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28071,"toc":29974},[28072,28077,28082,28085,28093,28103,28105,28194,28198,28247,28252,28257,28261,28277,28280,28282,28297,28299,28315,28322,28326,28332,28341,28343,28412,28416,28437,28440,28459,28462,28485,28487,28490,28605,28609,28668,28675,28679,28685,28810,28814,28864,28867,28871,28878,28880,28943,28947,28968,28971,28980,28995,29003,29010,29014,29026,29030,29041,29043,29189,29193,29252,29259,29264,29268,29274,29297,29302,29321,29325,29396,29403,29476,29485,29490,29495,29506,29509,29646,29651,29683,29688,29690,29694,29754,29757,29814,29817,29860,29862,29867,29873,29879,29882,29889,29897,29902,29905,29912,29920,29922,29971],[10,28073,10931,28075,10935],{"id":28074},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28076,12385],{},[20,28078,1597,28079,28081],{},[15,28080,12385],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28083,28084],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28086,28087,28090],{},[33,28088,28089],{},"remove an item",[33,28091,28092],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28094,28095,28096,28098,28099,28102],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28097,12385],{}," removes the ",[833,28100,28101],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[49,28104,52],{"id":51},[54,28106,28108],{"className":56,"code":28107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28109,28110,28154,28170,28174,28184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28111,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28113,8775],{"class":382},[63,28115,386],{"class":270},[63,28117,10102],{"class":73},[63,28119,2455],{"class":448},[63,28121,303],{"class":452},[63,28123,2455],{"class":448},[63,28125,2482],{"class":73},[63,28127,249],{"class":82},[63,28129,102],{"class":73},[63,28131,1375],{"class":448},[63,28133,4362],{"class":452},[63,28135,2455],{"class":448},[63,28137,2482],{"class":73},[63,28139,105],{"class":82},[63,28141,102],{"class":73},[63,28143,1375],{"class":448},[63,28145,9350],{"class":452},[63,28147,2455],{"class":448},[63,28149,2482],{"class":73},[63,28151,518],{"class":82},[63,28153,8919],{"class":73},[63,28155,28156,28159,28161,28163,28165,28168],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,28157,28158],{"class":382},"item ",[63,28160,386],{"class":270},[63,28162,14184],{"class":382},[63,28164,307],{"class":73},[63,28166,28167],{"class":181},"popitem",[63,28169,8252],{"class":73},[63,28171,28172],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,28173,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,28175,28176,28178,28180,28182],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,28177,70],{"class":69},[63,28179,74],{"class":73},[63,28181,22930],{"class":181},[63,28183,397],{"class":73},[63,28185,28186,28188,28190,28192],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,28187,70],{"class":69},[63,28189,74],{"class":73},[63,28191,8814],{"class":181},[63,28193,397],{"class":73},[20,28195,28196],{},[833,28197,110],{},[54,28199,28201],{"className":56,"code":28200,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28202,28203,28219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28204,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28206,74],{"class":73},[63,28208,456],{"class":448},[63,28210,9350],{"class":452},[63,28212,456],{"class":448},[63,28214,102],{"class":73},[63,28216,518],{"class":82},[63,28218,397],{"class":73},[63,28220,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,28222,8888],{"class":73},[63,28224,456],{"class":448},[63,28226,303],{"class":452},[63,28228,456],{"class":448},[63,28230,2482],{"class":73},[63,28232,249],{"class":82},[63,28234,102],{"class":73},[63,28236,449],{"class":448},[63,28238,4362],{"class":452},[63,28240,456],{"class":448},[63,28242,2482],{"class":73},[63,28244,105],{"class":82},[63,28246,8919],{"class":73},[20,28248,28249,28251],{},[15,28250,12385],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[49,28253,138,28255,141],{"id":28254},"what-popitem-does",[15,28256,12385],{},[20,28258,28259,2482],{},[15,28260,12385],{},[30,28262,28263,28266,28271,28274],{},[33,28264,28265],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28267,28268,28269],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28270,21275],{},[33,28272,28273],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28275,28276],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28278,28279],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[49,28281,164],{"id":163},[54,28283,28285],{"className":56,"code":28284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28286,28287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28288,28289,28291,28293,28295],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28290,15223],{"class":382},[63,28292,307],{"class":73},[63,28294,28167],{"class":181},[63,28296,8252],{"class":73},[20,28298,11072],{},[30,28300,28301,28309,28312],{},[33,28302,28303,28305,28306],{},[15,28304,12385],{}," takes ",[833,28307,28308],{},"no arguments",[33,28310,28311],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28313,28314],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28316,28317,28318,6235],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[303,28319,28320],{"href":12182},[15,28321,12378],{},[49,28323,28325],{"id":28324},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28327,28328,28329,28331],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28330,12385],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28333,28334,28335,28338],"ol",{},[33,28336,28337],{},"the key",[33,28339,28340],{},"the value",[20,28342,1820],{},[54,28344,28346],{"className":56,"code":28345,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28347,28348,28384,28398,28402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28349,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380,28382],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28351,12821],{"class":382},[63,28353,386],{"class":270},[63,28355,10102],{"class":73},[63,28357,2455],{"class":448},[63,28359,7274],{"class":452},[63,28361,2455],{"class":448},[63,28363,2482],{"class":73},[63,28365,1375],{"class":448},[63,28367,4605],{"class":452},[63,28369,2455],{"class":448},[63,28371,102],{"class":73},[63,28373,1375],{"class":448},[63,28375,8909],{"class":452},[63,28377,2455],{"class":448},[63,28379,2482],{"class":73},[63,28381,8916],{"class":82},[63,28383,8919],{"class":73},[63,28385,28386,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,28387,383],{"class":382},[63,28389,386],{"class":270},[63,28391,12864],{"class":382},[63,28393,307],{"class":73},[63,28395,28167],{"class":181},[63,28397,8252],{"class":73},[63,28399,28400],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,28401,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,28403,28404,28406,28408,28410],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,28405,70],{"class":69},[63,28407,74],{"class":73},[63,28409,406],{"class":181},[63,28411,397],{"class":73},[20,28413,28414],{},[833,28415,110],{},[54,28417,28419],{"className":56,"code":28418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28420,28421],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28422,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28424,74],{"class":73},[63,28426,456],{"class":448},[63,28428,8909],{"class":452},[63,28430,456],{"class":448},[63,28432,102],{"class":73},[63,28434,8916],{"class":82},[63,28436,397],{"class":73},[20,28438,28439],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[54,28441,28443],{"className":56,"code":28442,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28444,28445],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28446,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28448,383],{"class":382},[63,28450,386],{"class":270},[63,28452,12864],{"class":382},[63,28454,307],{"class":73},[63,28456,28167],{"class":181},[63,28458,8252],{"class":73},[20,28460,28461],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[54,28463,28465],{"className":56,"code":28464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28466,28467],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28468,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28470,14459],{"class":382},[63,28472,102],{"class":73},[63,28474,21204],{"class":382},[63,28476,386],{"class":270},[63,28478,12864],{"class":382},[63,28480,307],{"class":73},[63,28482,28167],{"class":181},[63,28484,8252],{"class":73},[49,28486,11089],{"id":11088},[20,28488,28489],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[54,28491,28493],{"className":56,"code":28492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28494,28495,28543,28547,28562,28566,28586],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28496,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524,28527,28529,28531,28534,28536,28538,28541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28498,4665],{"class":382},[63,28500,386],{"class":270},[63,28502,10102],{"class":73},[63,28504,2455],{"class":448},[63,28506,28507],{"class":452},"Tom",[63,28509,2455],{"class":448},[63,28511,2482],{"class":73},[63,28513,4677],{"class":82},[63,28515,102],{"class":73},[63,28517,1375],{"class":448},[63,28519,12496],{"class":452},[63,28521,2455],{"class":448},[63,28523,2482],{"class":73},[63,28525,28526],{"class":82}," 95",[63,28528,102],{"class":73},[63,28530,1375],{"class":448},[63,28532,28533],{"class":452},"Leo",[63,28535,2455],{"class":448},[63,28537,2482],{"class":73},[63,28539,28540],{"class":82}," 88",[63,28542,8919],{"class":73},[63,28544,28545],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,28546,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,28548,28549,28552,28554,28556,28558,28560],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,28550,28551],{"class":382},"removed_pair ",[63,28553,386],{"class":270},[63,28555,4712],{"class":382},[63,28557,307],{"class":73},[63,28559,28167],{"class":181},[63,28561,8252],{"class":73},[63,28563,28564],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,28565,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,28567,28568,28570,28572,28574,28577,28579,28581,28584],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,28569,70],{"class":69},[63,28571,74],{"class":73},[63,28573,2455],{"class":448},[63,28575,28576],{"class":452},"Removed:",[63,28578,2455],{"class":448},[63,28580,102],{"class":73},[63,28582,28583],{"class":181}," removed_pair",[63,28585,397],{"class":73},[63,28587,28588,28590,28592,28594,28597,28599,28601,28603],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,28589,70],{"class":69},[63,28591,74],{"class":73},[63,28593,2455],{"class":448},[63,28595,28596],{"class":452},"After removal:",[63,28598,2455],{"class":448},[63,28600,102],{"class":73},[63,28602,4712],{"class":181},[63,28604,397],{"class":73},[20,28606,28607],{},[833,28608,110],{},[54,28610,28612],{"className":56,"code":28611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28613,28614,28635],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28615,28616,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28617,28618],{"class":382},"Removed",[63,28620,2482],{"class":73},[63,28622,8846],{"class":73},[63,28624,456],{"class":448},[63,28626,28533],{"class":452},[63,28628,456],{"class":448},[63,28630,102],{"class":73},[63,28632,28540],{"class":82},[63,28634,397],{"class":73},[63,28636,28637,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,28638,28639],{"class":382},"After removal",[63,28641,2482],{"class":73},[63,28643,10102],{"class":73},[63,28645,456],{"class":448},[63,28647,28507],{"class":452},[63,28649,456],{"class":448},[63,28651,2482],{"class":73},[63,28653,4677],{"class":82},[63,28655,102],{"class":73},[63,28657,449],{"class":448},[63,28659,12496],{"class":452},[63,28661,456],{"class":448},[63,28663,2482],{"class":73},[63,28665,28526],{"class":82},[63,28667,8919],{"class":73},[20,28669,28670,28671,28674],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28672,28673],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[49,28676,28678],{"id":28677},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28680,28681,28682,28684],{},"Because ",[15,28683,12385],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[54,28686,28688],{"className":56,"code":28687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28689,28690,28726,28730,28749,28753,28772,28791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28691,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28693,15066],{"class":382},[63,28695,386],{"class":270},[63,28697,10102],{"class":73},[63,28699,2455],{"class":448},[63,28701,15077],{"class":452},[63,28703,2455],{"class":448},[63,28705,2482],{"class":73},[63,28707,1375],{"class":448},[63,28709,15086],{"class":452},[63,28711,2455],{"class":448},[63,28713,102],{"class":73},[63,28715,1375],{"class":448},[63,28717,15097],{"class":452},[63,28719,2455],{"class":448},[63,28721,2482],{"class":73},[63,28723,26527],{"class":82},[63,28725,8919],{"class":73},[63,28727,28728],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,28729,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,28731,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28743,28745,28747],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,28733,14459],{"class":382},[63,28735,102],{"class":73},[63,28737,21204],{"class":382},[63,28739,386],{"class":270},[63,28741,28742],{"class":382}," book",[63,28744,307],{"class":73},[63,28746,28167],{"class":181},[63,28748,8252],{"class":73},[63,28750,28751],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,28752,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,28754,28755,28757,28759,28761,28764,28766,28768,28770],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,28756,70],{"class":69},[63,28758,74],{"class":73},[63,28760,2455],{"class":448},[63,28762,28763],{"class":452},"Key:",[63,28765,2455],{"class":448},[63,28767,102],{"class":73},[63,28769,21199],{"class":181},[63,28771,397],{"class":73},[63,28773,28774,28776,28778,28780,28783,28785,28787,28789],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,28775,70],{"class":69},[63,28777,74],{"class":73},[63,28779,2455],{"class":448},[63,28781,28782],{"class":452},"Value:",[63,28784,2455],{"class":448},[63,28786,102],{"class":73},[63,28788,8042],{"class":181},[63,28790,397],{"class":73},[63,28792,28793,28795,28797,28799,28802,28804,28806,28808],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,28794,70],{"class":69},[63,28796,74],{"class":73},[63,28798,2455],{"class":448},[63,28800,28801],{"class":452},"Dictionary:",[63,28803,2455],{"class":448},[63,28805,102],{"class":73},[63,28807,28742],{"class":181},[63,28809,397],{"class":73},[20,28811,28812],{},[833,28813,110],{},[54,28815,28817],{"className":56,"code":28816,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28818,28819,28829,28839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28820,28821,28824,28826],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28822,28823],{"class":382},"Key",[63,28825,2482],{"class":73},[63,28827,28828],{"class":382}," pages\n",[63,28830,28831,28834,28836],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,28832,28833],{"class":382},"Value",[63,28835,2482],{"class":73},[63,28837,28838],{"class":82}," 200\n",[63,28840,28841,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,28842,28843],{"class":382},"Dictionary",[63,28845,2482],{"class":73},[63,28847,10102],{"class":73},[63,28849,456],{"class":448},[63,28851,15077],{"class":452},[63,28853,456],{"class":448},[63,28855,2482],{"class":73},[63,28857,449],{"class":448},[63,28859,15086],{"class":452},[63,28861,456],{"class":448},[63,28863,8919],{"class":73},[20,28865,28866],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[49,28868,28870],{"id":28869},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28872,28873,28874,28098,28876,307],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28875,12385],{},[833,28877,28101],{},[20,28879,1820],{},[54,28881,28883],{"className":56,"code":28882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28884,28885,28929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28886,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28888,8775],{"class":382},[63,28890,386],{"class":270},[63,28892,10102],{"class":73},[63,28894,2455],{"class":448},[63,28896,1786],{"class":452},[63,28898,2455],{"class":448},[63,28900,2482],{"class":73},[63,28902,249],{"class":82},[63,28904,102],{"class":73},[63,28906,1375],{"class":448},[63,28908,11360],{"class":452},[63,28910,2455],{"class":448},[63,28912,2482],{"class":73},[63,28914,105],{"class":82},[63,28916,102],{"class":73},[63,28918,1375],{"class":448},[63,28920,21697],{"class":452},[63,28922,2455],{"class":448},[63,28924,2482],{"class":73},[63,28926,518],{"class":82},[63,28928,8919],{"class":73},[63,28930,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,28932,70],{"class":69},[63,28934,74],{"class":73},[63,28936,8814],{"class":181},[63,28938,307],{"class":73},[63,28940,28167],{"class":181},[63,28942,6799],{"class":73},[20,28944,28945],{},[833,28946,110],{},[54,28948,28950],{"className":56,"code":28949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28951,28952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28953,28954,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28955,74],{"class":73},[63,28957,456],{"class":448},[63,28959,21697],{"class":452},[63,28961,456],{"class":448},[63,28963,102],{"class":73},[63,28965,518],{"class":82},[63,28967,397],{"class":73},[20,28969,28970],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28972,28973,28974,28976,28977,28979],{},"As a beginner, do ",[833,28975,973],{}," think of ",[15,28978,12385],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28981,28982,28983,1801,28987,16690,28991,307],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[303,28984,28985],{"href":16693},[15,28986,16696],{},[303,28988,28989],{"href":16680},[15,28990,16683],{},[303,28992,28993],{"href":16686},[15,28994,16689],{},[49,28996,28998,28999,3993,29001],{"id":28997},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29000,12385],{},[15,29002,12378],{},[20,29004,29005,3993,29007,29009],{},[15,29006,12385],{},[15,29008,12378],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1193,29011,29012],{"id":28167},[15,29013,12385],{},[30,29015,29016,29019,29022],{},[33,29017,29018],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29020,29021],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29023,3286,29024],{},[15,29025,21275],{},[1193,29027,29028],{"id":25861},[15,29029,12378],{},[30,29031,29032,29035,29038],{},[33,29033,29034],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29036,29037],{},"needs the key name",[33,29039,29040],{},"returns only the value",[20,29042,1820],{},[54,29044,29046],{"className":56,"code":29045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29047,29048,29092,29096,29110,29130,29134,29156,29175,29179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29049,29050,29052,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078,29080,29082,29084,29086,29088,29090],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29051,8775],{"class":382},[63,29053,386],{"class":270},[63,29055,10102],{"class":73},[63,29057,2455],{"class":448},[63,29059,303],{"class":452},[63,29061,2455],{"class":448},[63,29063,2482],{"class":73},[63,29065,249],{"class":82},[63,29067,102],{"class":73},[63,29069,1375],{"class":448},[63,29071,4362],{"class":452},[63,29073,2455],{"class":448},[63,29075,2482],{"class":73},[63,29077,105],{"class":82},[63,29079,102],{"class":73},[63,29081,1375],{"class":448},[63,29083,9350],{"class":452},[63,29085,2455],{"class":448},[63,29087,2482],{"class":73},[63,29089,518],{"class":82},[63,29091,8919],{"class":73},[63,29093,29094],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29095,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,29097,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,29099,28158],{"class":382},[63,29101,386],{"class":270},[63,29103,14184],{"class":382},[63,29105,307],{"class":73},[63,29107,28167],{"class":181},[63,29109,8252],{"class":73},[63,29111,29112,29114,29116,29118,29121,29123,29125,29128],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,29113,70],{"class":69},[63,29115,74],{"class":73},[63,29117,2455],{"class":448},[63,29119,29120],{"class":452},"popitem():",[63,29122,2455],{"class":448},[63,29124,102],{"class":73},[63,29126,29127],{"class":181}," item",[63,29129,397],{"class":73},[63,29131,29132],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,29133,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,29135,29136,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,29137,984],{"class":382},[63,29139,386],{"class":270},[63,29141,14184],{"class":382},[63,29143,307],{"class":73},[63,29145,25861],{"class":181},[63,29147,74],{"class":73},[63,29149,2455],{"class":448},[63,29151,303],{"class":452},[63,29153,2455],{"class":448},[63,29155,397],{"class":73},[63,29157,29158,29160,29162,29164,29167,29169,29171,29173],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,29159,70],{"class":69},[63,29161,74],{"class":73},[63,29163,2455],{"class":448},[63,29165,29166],{"class":452},"pop('a'):",[63,29168,2455],{"class":448},[63,29170,102],{"class":73},[63,29172,8042],{"class":181},[63,29174,397],{"class":73},[63,29176,29177],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,29178,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,29180,29181,29183,29185,29187],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,29182,70],{"class":69},[63,29184,74],{"class":73},[63,29186,8814],{"class":181},[63,29188,397],{"class":73},[20,29190,29191],{},[833,29192,110],{},[54,29194,29196],{"className":56,"code":29195,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29197,29198,29219,29236],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29199,29200,29202,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29201,28167],{"class":181},[63,29203,29204],{"class":73},"():",[63,29206,8846],{"class":73},[63,29208,456],{"class":448},[63,29210,9350],{"class":452},[63,29212,456],{"class":448},[63,29214,102],{"class":73},[63,29216,518],{"class":82},[63,29218,397],{"class":73},[63,29220,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29222,25861],{"class":181},[63,29224,74],{"class":73},[63,29226,456],{"class":448},[63,29228,303],{"class":452},[63,29230,456],{"class":448},[63,29232,16070],{"class":73},[63,29234,29235],{"class":82}," 1\n",[63,29237,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,29239,8888],{"class":73},[63,29241,456],{"class":448},[63,29243,4362],{"class":452},[63,29245,456],{"class":448},[63,29247,2482],{"class":73},[63,29249,105],{"class":82},[63,29251,8919],{"class":73},[20,29253,128,29254,29258],{},[303,29255,29256],{"href":12182},[15,29257,12378],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29260,128,29261,29263],{},[15,29262,12385],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[49,29265,29267],{"id":29266},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29269,29270,29271,29273],{},"Calling ",[15,29272,12385],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[54,29275,29277],{"className":56,"code":29276,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29278,29279,29287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29280,29281,29283,29285],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29282,8775],{"class":382},[63,29284,386],{"class":270},[63,29286,9449],{"class":73},[63,29288,29289,29291,29293,29295],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29290,8814],{"class":382},[63,29292,307],{"class":73},[63,29294,28167],{"class":181},[63,29296,8252],{"class":73},[20,29298,29299],{},[833,29300,29301],{},"Error:",[54,29303,29305],{"className":56,"code":29304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29306,29307],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29308,29309,29311,29313,29315,29318],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29310,19307],{"class":417},[63,29312,2482],{"class":73},[63,29314,449],{"class":448},[63,29316,29317],{"class":452},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[63,29319,29320],{"class":448},"'\n",[1193,29322,29324],{"id":29323},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[54,29326,29328],{"className":56,"code":29327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29329,29330,29338,29342,29350,29365,29375,29381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29331,29332,29334,29336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29333,8775],{"class":382},[63,29335,386],{"class":270},[63,29337,9449],{"class":73},[63,29339,29340],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29341,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,29343,29344,29346,29348],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,29345,6602],{"class":3473},[63,29347,14184],{"class":382},[63,29349,5996],{"class":73},[63,29351,29352,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,29353,29354],{"class":382},"    item ",[63,29356,386],{"class":270},[63,29358,14184],{"class":382},[63,29360,307],{"class":73},[63,29362,28167],{"class":181},[63,29364,8252],{"class":73},[63,29366,29367,29369,29371,29373],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,29368,7677],{"class":69},[63,29370,74],{"class":73},[63,29372,22930],{"class":181},[63,29374,397],{"class":73},[63,29376,29377,29379],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,29378,27054],{"class":3473},[63,29380,5996],{"class":73},[63,29382,29383,29385,29387,29389,29392,29394],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,29384,7677],{"class":69},[63,29386,74],{"class":73},[63,29388,2455],{"class":448},[63,29390,29391],{"class":452},"Dictionary is empty",[63,29393,2455],{"class":448},[63,29395,397],{"class":73},[1193,29397,29399,29400],{"id":29398},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29401,29402],{},"try-except",[54,29404,29406],{"className":56,"code":29405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29407,29408,29416,29420,29427,29441,29451,29461],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29409,29410,29412,29414],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29411,8775],{"class":382},[63,29413,386],{"class":270},[63,29415,9449],{"class":73},[63,29417,29418],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29419,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,29421,29422,29425],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,29423,29424],{"class":3473},"try",[63,29426,5996],{"class":73},[63,29428,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,29430,29354],{"class":382},[63,29432,386],{"class":270},[63,29434,14184],{"class":382},[63,29436,307],{"class":73},[63,29438,28167],{"class":181},[63,29440,8252],{"class":73},[63,29442,29443,29445,29447,29449],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,29444,7677],{"class":69},[63,29446,74],{"class":73},[63,29448,22930],{"class":181},[63,29450,397],{"class":73},[63,29452,29453,29456,29459],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,29454,29455],{"class":3473},"except",[63,29457,29458],{"class":417}," KeyError",[63,29460,5996],{"class":73},[63,29462,29463,29465,29467,29469,29472,29474],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,29464,7677],{"class":69},[63,29466,74],{"class":73},[63,29468,2455],{"class":448},[63,29470,29471],{"class":452},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[63,29473,2455],{"class":448},[63,29475,397],{"class":73},[20,29477,29478,29479,307],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[303,29480,25299,29482],{"href":29481},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29483,29484],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[49,29486,1114,29488],{"id":29487},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29489,12385],{},[20,29491,29492,29494],{},[15,29493,12385],{}," is useful when:",[30,29496,29497,29500,29503],{},[33,29498,29499],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,29501,29502],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,29504,29505],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29507,29508],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[54,29510,29512],{"className":56,"code":29511,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29513,29514,29523,29543,29563,29581,29585,29589,29599,29618],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29515,29516,29519,29521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29517,29518],{"class":382},"tasks ",[63,29520,386],{"class":270},[63,29522,11107],{"class":73},[63,29524,29525,29527,29530,29532,29534,29536,29539,29541],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29526,11112],{"class":448},[63,29528,29529],{"class":452},"first",[63,29531,2455],{"class":448},[63,29533,2482],{"class":73},[63,29535,1375],{"class":448},[63,29537,29538],{"class":452},"wash dishes",[63,29540,2455],{"class":448},[63,29542,11128],{"class":73},[63,29544,29545,29547,29550,29552,29554,29556,29559,29561],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,29546,11112],{"class":448},[63,29548,29549],{"class":452},"second",[63,29551,2455],{"class":448},[63,29553,2482],{"class":73},[63,29555,1375],{"class":448},[63,29557,29558],{"class":452},"do homework",[63,29560,2455],{"class":448},[63,29562,11128],{"class":73},[63,29564,29565,29567,29570,29572,29574,29576,29579],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,29566,11112],{"class":448},[63,29568,29569],{"class":452},"third",[63,29571,2455],{"class":448},[63,29573,2482],{"class":73},[63,29575,1375],{"class":448},[63,29577,29578],{"class":452},"read book",[63,29580,1381],{"class":448},[63,29582,29583],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,29584,8919],{"class":73},[63,29586,29587],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,29588,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,29590,29591,29594,29597],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,29592,29593],{"class":3473},"while",[63,29595,29596],{"class":382}," tasks",[63,29598,5996],{"class":73},[63,29600,29601,29604,29606,29608,29610,29612,29614,29616],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,29602,29603],{"class":382},"    key",[63,29605,102],{"class":73},[63,29607,21204],{"class":382},[63,29609,386],{"class":270},[63,29611,29596],{"class":382},[63,29613,307],{"class":73},[63,29615,28167],{"class":181},[63,29617,8252],{"class":73},[63,29619,29620,29622,29624,29626,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636,29638,29640,29642,29644],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,29621,7677],{"class":69},[63,29623,74],{"class":73},[63,29625,21914],{"class":444},[63,29627,2455],{"class":452},[63,29629,8888],{"class":82},[63,29631,14459],{"class":181},[63,29633,21923],{"class":82},[63,29635,21926],{"class":452},[63,29637,8888],{"class":82},[63,29639,1002],{"class":181},[63,29641,21923],{"class":82},[63,29643,2455],{"class":452},[63,29645,397],{"class":73},[20,29647,29648],{},[833,29649,29650],{},"Possible output:",[54,29652,29654],{"className":56,"code":29653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29655,29656,29665,29674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29657,29658,29660,29662],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29659,29569],{"class":382},[63,29661,2482],{"class":73},[63,29663,29664],{"class":382}," read book\n",[63,29666,29667,29669,29671],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29668,29549],{"class":382},[63,29670,2482],{"class":73},[63,29672,29673],{"class":382}," do homework\n",[63,29675,29676,29678,29680],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,29677,29529],{"class":382},[63,29679,2482],{"class":73},[63,29681,29682],{"class":382}," wash dishes\n",[20,29684,28681,29685,29687],{},[15,29686,12385],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[49,29689,1186],{"id":1185},[20,29691,14351,29692,2482],{},[15,29693,12385],{},[30,29695,29696,29710,29729,29740],{},[33,29697,29698,29703],{},[833,29699,29270,29700,29702],{},[15,29701,12385],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,29704,29705],{},[33,29706,29707,29708,307],{},"This raises ",[15,29709,19307],{},[33,29711,29712,29717],{},[833,29713,1196,29714,29716],{},[15,29715,12385],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,29718,29719,29722],{},[33,29720,29721],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,29723,128,29724,29728],{},[303,29725,29726],{"href":12182},[15,29727,12378],{}," if you need that.",[33,29730,29731,29735],{},[833,29732,4305,29733,27320],{},[15,29734,12385],{},[30,29736,29737],{},[33,29738,29739],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,29741,29742,29745],{},[833,29743,29744],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,29746,29747],{},[33,29748,29749,21595,29751,29753],{},[15,29750,12385],{},[15,29752,21275],{}," tuple.",[20,29755,29756],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[54,29758,29760],{"className":56,"code":29759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29761,29762,29772,29786,29790,29804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29763,29764,29766,29768,29770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29765,70],{"class":69},[63,29767,74],{"class":73},[63,29769,11063],{"class":181},[63,29771,397],{"class":73},[63,29773,29774,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29775,70],{"class":69},[63,29777,74],{"class":73},[63,29779,10774],{"class":69},[63,29781,74],{"class":73},[63,29783,11063],{"class":181},[63,29785,86],{"class":73},[63,29787,29788],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,29789,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,29791,29792,29794,29796,29798,29800,29802],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,29793,28158],{"class":382},[63,29795,386],{"class":270},[63,29797,11381],{"class":382},[63,29799,307],{"class":73},[63,29801,28167],{"class":181},[63,29803,8252],{"class":73},[63,29805,29806,29808,29810,29812],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,29807,70],{"class":69},[63,29809,74],{"class":73},[63,29811,22930],{"class":181},[63,29813,397],{"class":73},[20,29815,29816],{},"Or with unpacking:",[54,29818,29820],{"className":56,"code":29819,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29821,29822,29840,29850],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29823,29824,29826,29828,29830,29832,29834,29836,29838],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29825,14459],{"class":382},[63,29827,102],{"class":73},[63,29829,21204],{"class":382},[63,29831,386],{"class":270},[63,29833,11381],{"class":382},[63,29835,307],{"class":73},[63,29837,28167],{"class":181},[63,29839,8252],{"class":73},[63,29841,29842,29844,29846,29848],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,29843,70],{"class":69},[63,29845,74],{"class":73},[63,29847,14459],{"class":181},[63,29849,397],{"class":73},[63,29851,29852,29854,29856,29858],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,29853,70],{"class":69},[63,29855,74],{"class":73},[63,29857,1002],{"class":181},[63,29859,397],{"class":73},[49,29861,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,29863,4744,29865,4747],{"id":29864},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29866,12385],{},[20,29868,29869,29870,307],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29871,29872],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1193,29874,1459,29876,29878],{"id":29875},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29877,12385],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29880,29881],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1193,29883,29885,29886,29888],{"id":29884},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29887,12385],{}," removes?",[20,29890,29891,29892,29896],{},"No. Use ",[303,29893,29894],{"href":12182},[15,29895,12378],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1193,29898,1459,29900,14514],{"id":29899},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29901,12385],{},[20,29903,29904],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1193,29906,29908,29909,29911],{"id":29907},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29910,12385],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29913,29914,29915,29917,29918,307],{},"It raises ",[15,29916,19307],{}," with the message ",[15,29919,29317],{},[49,29921,1517],{"id":1516},[30,29923,29924,29931,29937,29943,29949,29956,29960,29964],{},[33,29925,29926],{},[303,29927,29928,29930],{"href":12182},[15,29929,12378],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,29932,29933],{},[303,29934,29935,29930],{"href":16693},[15,29936,16696],{},[33,29938,29939],{},[303,29940,29941,29930],{"href":16680},[15,29942,16683],{},[33,29944,29945],{},[303,29946,29947,29930],{"href":16686},[15,29948,16689],{},[33,29950,29951],{},[303,29952,29954,29930],{"href":29953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29955,10934],{},[33,29957,29958],{},[303,29959,12402],{"href":12189},[33,29961,29962],{},[303,29963,21077],{"href":16215},[33,29965,29966],{},[303,29967,29968,29969],{"href":29481},"Fix ",[15,29970,29484],{},[1542,29972,29973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":29975},[29976,29977,29979,29980,29981,29982,29983,29984,29989,29994,29996,29997,30009],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":28254,"depth":89,"text":29978},"What popitem() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":28324,"depth":89,"text":28325},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":28677,"depth":89,"text":28678},{"id":28869,"depth":89,"text":28870},{"id":28997,"depth":89,"text":29985,"children":29986},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29987,29988],{"id":28167,"depth":254,"text":12385},{"id":25861,"depth":254,"text":12378},{"id":29266,"depth":89,"text":29267,"children":29990},[29991,29992],{"id":29323,"depth":254,"text":29324},{"id":29398,"depth":254,"text":29993},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29487,"depth":89,"text":29995},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":29998},[29999,30001,30003,30005,30007],{"id":29864,"depth":254,"text":30000},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29875,"depth":254,"text":30002},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29884,"depth":254,"text":30004},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29899,"depth":254,"text":30006},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29907,"depth":254,"text":30008},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27993,"description":30010},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30017,"title":30018,"body":30019,"description":31922,"extension":1580,"meta":31923,"navigation":579,"path":13650,"seo":31924,"stem":31925,"__hash__":31926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30020,"toc":31894},[30021,30026,30031,30034,30036,30133,30138,30143,30148,30151,30159,30162,30177,30179,30279,30281,30338,30342,30344,30347,30367,30372,30383,30386,30413,30416,30418,30475,30477,30498,30504,30509,30512,30523,30525,30633,30635,30688,30690,30702,30709,30715,30720,30723,30811,30813,30858,30861,30869,30872,30875,30944,30947,30950,30954,30957,31028,31030,31083,31086,31089,31092,31107,31110,31122,31125,31188,31190,31196,31198,31200,31279,31281,31322,31324,31389,31391,31428,31433,31438,31442,31456,31459,31582,31584,31669,31674,31676,31680,31702,31705,31785,31788,31807,31812,31814,31820,31825,31831,31834,31840,31843,31849,31854,31860,31866,31868,31891],[10,30022,10931,30024,10935],{"id":30023},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30025,14572],{},[20,30027,1597,30028,30030],{},[15,30029,14572],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30032,30033],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[49,30035,52],{"id":51},[54,30037,30039],{"className":56,"code":30038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30040,30041,30077,30118,30128],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30042,30043,30045,30047,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30044,12821],{"class":382},[63,30046,386],{"class":270},[63,30048,10102],{"class":73},[63,30050,2455],{"class":448},[63,30052,7274],{"class":452},[63,30054,2455],{"class":448},[63,30056,2482],{"class":73},[63,30058,1375],{"class":448},[63,30060,12496],{"class":452},[63,30062,2455],{"class":448},[63,30064,102],{"class":73},[63,30066,1375],{"class":448},[63,30068,8909],{"class":452},[63,30070,2455],{"class":448},[63,30072,2482],{"class":73},[63,30074,7397],{"class":82},[63,30076,8919],{"class":73},[63,30078,30079,30081,30083,30086,30088,30090,30092,30094,30096,30099,30101,30103,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,30080,16925],{"class":382},[63,30082,307],{"class":73},[63,30084,30085],{"class":181},"update",[63,30087,5131],{"class":73},[63,30089,2455],{"class":448},[63,30091,8909],{"class":452},[63,30093,2455],{"class":448},[63,30095,2482],{"class":73},[63,30097,30098],{"class":82}," 21",[63,30100,102],{"class":73},[63,30102,1375],{"class":448},[63,30104,10020],{"class":452},[63,30106,2455],{"class":448},[63,30108,2482],{"class":73},[63,30110,1375],{"class":448},[63,30112,15650],{"class":452},[63,30114,2455],{"class":448},[63,30116,30117],{"class":73},"})\n",[63,30119,30120,30122,30124,30126],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,30121,70],{"class":69},[63,30123,74],{"class":73},[63,30125,16925],{"class":181},[63,30127,397],{"class":73},[63,30129,30130],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,30131,30132],{"class":1357},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30134,128,30135,30137],{},[15,30136,14572],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[49,30139,138,30141,141],{"id":30140},"what-update-does",[15,30142,14572],{},[20,30144,30145,30147],{},[15,30146,14572],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30149,30150],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30152,30153,30156],{},[33,30154,30155],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30157,30158],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30160,30161],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30163,30164,30167,30170,30174],{},[33,30165,30166],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30168,30169],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30171,4750,30172],{},[15,30173,3373],{},[33,30175,30176],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30178,1820],{},[54,30180,30182],{"className":56,"code":30181,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30183,30184,30226,30269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30185,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198,30200,30202,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30222,30224],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30187,12479],{"class":382},[63,30189,386],{"class":270},[63,30191,10102],{"class":73},[63,30193,2455],{"class":448},[63,30195,7274],{"class":452},[63,30197,2455],{"class":448},[63,30199,2482],{"class":73},[63,30201,1375],{"class":448},[63,30203,30204],{"class":452},"Mira",[63,30206,2455],{"class":448},[63,30208,102],{"class":73},[63,30210,1375],{"class":448},[63,30212,19511],{"class":452},[63,30214,2455],{"class":448},[63,30216,2482],{"class":73},[63,30218,1375],{"class":448},[63,30220,30221],{"class":452},"B",[63,30223,2455],{"class":448},[63,30225,8919],{"class":73},[63,30227,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30256,30258,30260,30262,30265,30267],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,30229,13243],{"class":382},[63,30231,307],{"class":73},[63,30233,30085],{"class":181},[63,30235,5131],{"class":73},[63,30237,2455],{"class":448},[63,30239,19511],{"class":452},[63,30241,2455],{"class":448},[63,30243,2482],{"class":73},[63,30245,1375],{"class":448},[63,30247,21865],{"class":452},[63,30249,2455],{"class":448},[63,30251,102],{"class":73},[63,30253,1375],{"class":448},[63,30255,10020],{"class":452},[63,30257,2455],{"class":448},[63,30259,2482],{"class":73},[63,30261,1375],{"class":448},[63,30263,30264],{"class":452},"Quito",[63,30266,2455],{"class":448},[63,30268,30117],{"class":73},[63,30270,30271,30273,30275,30277],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,30272,70],{"class":69},[63,30274,74],{"class":73},[63,30276,13243],{"class":181},[63,30278,397],{"class":73},[20,30280,110],{},[54,30282,30284],{"className":56,"code":30283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30285,30286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30287,30288,30290,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30289,8888],{"class":73},[63,30291,456],{"class":448},[63,30293,7274],{"class":452},[63,30295,456],{"class":448},[63,30297,2482],{"class":73},[63,30299,449],{"class":448},[63,30301,30204],{"class":452},[63,30303,456],{"class":448},[63,30305,102],{"class":73},[63,30307,449],{"class":448},[63,30309,19511],{"class":452},[63,30311,456],{"class":448},[63,30313,2482],{"class":73},[63,30315,449],{"class":448},[63,30317,21865],{"class":452},[63,30319,456],{"class":448},[63,30321,102],{"class":73},[63,30323,449],{"class":448},[63,30325,10020],{"class":452},[63,30327,456],{"class":448},[63,30329,2482],{"class":73},[63,30331,449],{"class":448},[63,30333,30264],{"class":452},[63,30335,456],{"class":448},[63,30337,8919],{"class":73},[20,30339,8761,30340,307],{},[303,30341,24248],{"href":9001},[49,30343,164],{"id":163},[20,30345,30346],{},"The basic form is:",[54,30348,30350],{"className":56,"code":30349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30351,30352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30353,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362,30365],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30355,15223],{"class":382},[63,30357,307],{"class":73},[63,30359,30085],{"class":181},[63,30361,74],{"class":73},[63,30363,30364],{"class":181},"other",[63,30366,397],{"class":73},[20,30368,30369,30371],{},[15,30370,30364],{}," can be:",[30,30373,30374,30377,30380],{},[33,30375,30376],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30378,30379],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30381,30382],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30384,30385],{},"You can also use:",[54,30387,30389],{"className":56,"code":30388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30390,30391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30392,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30394,15223],{"class":382},[63,30396,307],{"class":73},[63,30398,30085],{"class":181},[63,30400,74],{"class":73},[63,30402,7274],{"class":8785},[63,30404,386],{"class":270},[63,30406,2455],{"class":448},[63,30408,7283],{"class":452},[63,30410,2455],{"class":448},[63,30412,397],{"class":73},[20,30414,30415],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30417,1820],{},[54,30419,30421],{"className":56,"code":30420,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30422,30423,30443,30465],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30424,30425,30427,30429,30431,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30426,8775],{"class":382},[63,30428,386],{"class":270},[63,30430,10102],{"class":73},[63,30432,2455],{"class":448},[63,30434,303],{"class":452},[63,30436,2455],{"class":448},[63,30438,2482],{"class":73},[63,30440,249],{"class":82},[63,30442,8919],{"class":73},[63,30444,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,30446,8814],{"class":382},[63,30448,307],{"class":73},[63,30450,30085],{"class":181},[63,30452,5131],{"class":73},[63,30454,2455],{"class":448},[63,30456,303],{"class":452},[63,30458,2455],{"class":448},[63,30460,2482],{"class":73},[63,30462,5607],{"class":82},[63,30464,30117],{"class":73},[63,30466,30467,30469,30471,30473],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,30468,70],{"class":69},[63,30470,74],{"class":73},[63,30472,8814],{"class":181},[63,30474,397],{"class":73},[20,30476,110],{},[54,30478,30480],{"className":56,"code":30479,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30481,30482],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30483,30484,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30485,8888],{"class":73},[63,30487,456],{"class":448},[63,30489,303],{"class":452},[63,30491,456],{"class":448},[63,30493,2482],{"class":73},[63,30495,5607],{"class":82},[63,30497,8919],{"class":73},[49,30499,311,30501,30503],{"id":30500},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30502,14572],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30505,30506,30507,307],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30508,14572],{},[20,30510,30511],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30513,30514,30517,30520],{},[33,30515,30516],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30518,30519],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30521,30522],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30524,1820],{},[54,30526,30528],{"className":56,"code":30527,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30529,30530,30567,30604,30608,30623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30531,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30565],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30533,13443],{"class":382},[63,30535,386],{"class":270},[63,30537,10102],{"class":73},[63,30539,2455],{"class":448},[63,30541,12110],{"class":452},[63,30543,2455],{"class":448},[63,30545,2482],{"class":73},[63,30547,1375],{"class":448},[63,30549,20547],{"class":452},[63,30551,2455],{"class":448},[63,30553,102],{"class":73},[63,30555,1375],{"class":448},[63,30557,13468],{"class":452},[63,30559,2455],{"class":448},[63,30561,2482],{"class":73},[63,30563,30564],{"class":82}," 12",[63,30566,8919],{"class":73},[63,30568,30569,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,30570,30571],{"class":382},"new_settings ",[63,30573,386],{"class":270},[63,30575,10102],{"class":73},[63,30577,2455],{"class":448},[63,30579,13468],{"class":452},[63,30581,2455],{"class":448},[63,30583,2482],{"class":73},[63,30585,13475],{"class":82},[63,30587,102],{"class":73},[63,30589,1375],{"class":448},[63,30591,19742],{"class":452},[63,30593,2455],{"class":448},[63,30595,2482],{"class":73},[63,30597,1375],{"class":448},[63,30599,19776],{"class":452},[63,30601,2455],{"class":448},[63,30603,8919],{"class":73},[63,30605,30606],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,30607,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,30609,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30621],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,30611,13502],{"class":382},[63,30613,307],{"class":73},[63,30615,30085],{"class":181},[63,30617,74],{"class":73},[63,30619,30620],{"class":181},"new_settings",[63,30622,397],{"class":73},[63,30624,30625,30627,30629,30631],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,30626,70],{"class":69},[63,30628,74],{"class":73},[63,30630,13502],{"class":181},[63,30632,397],{"class":73},[20,30634,110],{},[54,30636,30638],{"className":56,"code":30637,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30639,30640],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30641,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30643,8888],{"class":73},[63,30645,456],{"class":448},[63,30647,12110],{"class":452},[63,30649,456],{"class":448},[63,30651,2482],{"class":73},[63,30653,449],{"class":448},[63,30655,20547],{"class":452},[63,30657,456],{"class":448},[63,30659,102],{"class":73},[63,30661,449],{"class":448},[63,30663,13468],{"class":452},[63,30665,456],{"class":448},[63,30667,2482],{"class":73},[63,30669,13475],{"class":82},[63,30671,102],{"class":73},[63,30673,449],{"class":448},[63,30675,19742],{"class":452},[63,30677,456],{"class":448},[63,30679,2482],{"class":73},[63,30681,449],{"class":448},[63,30683,19776],{"class":452},[63,30685,456],{"class":448},[63,30687,8919],{"class":73},[20,30689,13026],{},[30,30691,30692,30697],{},[33,30693,30694,30696],{},[15,30695,13468],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,30698,30699,30701],{},[15,30700,19742],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30703,30704,30705,307],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[303,30706,30708],{"href":30707},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[49,30710,311,30712,30714],{"id":30711},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30713,14572],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30716,30717,30719],{},[15,30718,14572],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30721,30722],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[54,30724,30726],{"className":56,"code":30725,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30727,30728,30748,30783,30787,30801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30729,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30731,4665],{"class":382},[63,30733,386],{"class":270},[63,30735,10102],{"class":73},[63,30737,2455],{"class":448},[63,30739,18036],{"class":452},[63,30741,2455],{"class":448},[63,30743,2482],{"class":73},[63,30745,19518],{"class":82},[63,30747,8919],{"class":73},[63,30749,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30775,30777,30779,30781],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,30751,8825],{"class":382},[63,30753,386],{"class":270},[63,30755,8830],{"class":73},[63,30757,2455],{"class":448},[63,30759,18045],{"class":452},[63,30761,2455],{"class":448},[63,30763,102],{"class":73},[63,30765,13124],{"class":82},[63,30767,8843],{"class":73},[63,30769,8846],{"class":73},[63,30771,2455],{"class":448},[63,30773,30774],{"class":452},"english",[63,30776,2455],{"class":448},[63,30778,102],{"class":73},[63,30780,28540],{"class":82},[63,30782,8859],{"class":73},[63,30784,30785],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,30786,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,30788,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,30790,16008],{"class":382},[63,30792,307],{"class":73},[63,30794,30085],{"class":181},[63,30796,74],{"class":73},[63,30798,8872],{"class":181},[63,30800,397],{"class":73},[63,30802,30803,30805,30807,30809],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,30804,70],{"class":69},[63,30806,74],{"class":73},[63,30808,16008],{"class":181},[63,30810,397],{"class":73},[20,30812,110],{},[54,30814,30816],{"className":56,"code":30815,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30817,30818],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30819,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30821,8888],{"class":73},[63,30823,456],{"class":448},[63,30825,18036],{"class":452},[63,30827,456],{"class":448},[63,30829,2482],{"class":73},[63,30831,19518],{"class":82},[63,30833,102],{"class":73},[63,30835,449],{"class":448},[63,30837,18045],{"class":452},[63,30839,456],{"class":448},[63,30841,2482],{"class":73},[63,30843,13124],{"class":82},[63,30845,102],{"class":73},[63,30847,449],{"class":448},[63,30849,30774],{"class":452},[63,30851,456],{"class":448},[63,30853,2482],{"class":73},[63,30855,28540],{"class":82},[63,30857,8919],{"class":73},[20,30859,30860],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,30862,30863,30866],{},[33,30864,30865],{},"The key",[33,30867,30868],{},"The value",[20,30870,30871],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30873,30874],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[54,30876,30878],{"className":56,"code":30877,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30879,30880,30900,30925,30929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30881,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30883,8775],{"class":382},[63,30885,386],{"class":270},[63,30887,10102],{"class":73},[63,30889,2455],{"class":448},[63,30891,303],{"class":452},[63,30893,2455],{"class":448},[63,30895,2482],{"class":73},[63,30897,249],{"class":82},[63,30899,8919],{"class":73},[63,30901,30902,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,30903,30904],{"class":382},"bad_pairs ",[63,30906,386],{"class":270},[63,30908,8830],{"class":73},[63,30910,2455],{"class":448},[63,30912,4362],{"class":452},[63,30914,2455],{"class":448},[63,30916,102],{"class":73},[63,30918,105],{"class":82},[63,30920,102],{"class":73},[63,30922,518],{"class":82},[63,30924,8859],{"class":73},[63,30926,30927],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,30928,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,30930,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30942],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,30932,8814],{"class":382},[63,30934,307],{"class":73},[63,30936,30085],{"class":181},[63,30938,74],{"class":73},[63,30940,30941],{"class":181},"bad_pairs",[63,30943,397],{"class":73},[20,30945,30946],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30948,30949],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[49,30951,30953],{"id":30952},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30955,30956],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[54,30958,30960],{"className":56,"code":30959,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30961,30962,30986,31018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30963,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30965,11102],{"class":382},[63,30967,386],{"class":270},[63,30969,10102],{"class":73},[63,30971,2455],{"class":448},[63,30973,7274],{"class":452},[63,30975,2455],{"class":448},[63,30977,2482],{"class":73},[63,30979,1375],{"class":448},[63,30981,28533],{"class":452},[63,30983,2455],{"class":448},[63,30985,8919],{"class":73},[63,30987,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31007,31009,31011,31014,31016],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,30989,11196],{"class":382},[63,30991,307],{"class":73},[63,30993,30085],{"class":181},[63,30995,74],{"class":73},[63,30997,8909],{"class":8785},[63,30999,386],{"class":270},[63,31001,8803],{"class":82},[63,31003,102],{"class":73},[63,31005,31006],{"class":8785}," city",[63,31008,386],{"class":270},[63,31010,2455],{"class":448},[63,31012,31013],{"class":452},"Madrid",[63,31015,2455],{"class":448},[63,31017,397],{"class":73},[63,31019,31020,31022,31024,31026],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,31021,70],{"class":69},[63,31023,74],{"class":73},[63,31025,11196],{"class":181},[63,31027,397],{"class":73},[20,31029,110],{},[54,31031,31033],{"className":56,"code":31032,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31034,31035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31036,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31038,8888],{"class":73},[63,31040,456],{"class":448},[63,31042,7274],{"class":452},[63,31044,456],{"class":448},[63,31046,2482],{"class":73},[63,31048,449],{"class":448},[63,31050,28533],{"class":452},[63,31052,456],{"class":448},[63,31054,102],{"class":73},[63,31056,449],{"class":448},[63,31058,8909],{"class":452},[63,31060,456],{"class":448},[63,31062,2482],{"class":73},[63,31064,8916],{"class":82},[63,31066,102],{"class":73},[63,31068,449],{"class":448},[63,31070,10020],{"class":452},[63,31072,456],{"class":448},[63,31074,2482],{"class":73},[63,31076,449],{"class":448},[63,31078,31013],{"class":452},[63,31080,456],{"class":448},[63,31082,8919],{"class":73},[20,31084,31085],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31087,31088],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31090,31091],{},"These work:",[30,31093,31094,31098,31102],{},[33,31095,31096],{},[15,31097,8909],{},[33,31099,31100],{},[15,31101,10020],{},[33,31103,31104],{},[15,31105,31106],{},"first_name",[20,31108,31109],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31111,31112,31117],{},[33,31113,31114],{},[15,31115,31116],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31118,31119],{},[15,31120,31121],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31123,31124],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[54,31126,31128],{"className":56,"code":31127,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31129,31130,31138,31178],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31131,31132,31134,31136],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31133,11102],{"class":382},[63,31135,386],{"class":270},[63,31137,9449],{"class":73},[63,31139,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31169,31171,31173,31176],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,31141,11196],{"class":382},[63,31143,307],{"class":73},[63,31145,30085],{"class":181},[63,31147,5131],{"class":73},[63,31149,2455],{"class":448},[63,31151,10124],{"class":452},[63,31153,2455],{"class":448},[63,31155,2482],{"class":73},[63,31157,1375],{"class":448},[63,31159,28533],{"class":452},[63,31161,2455],{"class":448},[63,31163,102],{"class":73},[63,31165,1375],{"class":448},[63,31167,31168],{"class":452},"user-id",[63,31170,2455],{"class":448},[63,31172,2482],{"class":73},[63,31174,31175],{"class":82}," 1001",[63,31177,30117],{"class":73},[63,31179,31180,31182,31184,31186],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,31181,70],{"class":69},[63,31183,74],{"class":73},[63,31185,11196],{"class":181},[63,31187,397],{"class":73},[49,31189,17037],{"id":17036},[20,31191,31192,2004,31194,307],{},[15,31193,14572],{},[15,31195,3373],{},[20,31197,13666],{},[20,31199,24328],{},[54,31201,31203],{"className":56,"code":31202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31204,31205,31229,31255,31259,31269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31206,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31208,12821],{"class":382},[63,31210,386],{"class":270},[63,31212,10102],{"class":73},[63,31214,2455],{"class":448},[63,31216,7274],{"class":452},[63,31218,2455],{"class":448},[63,31220,2482],{"class":73},[63,31222,1375],{"class":448},[63,31224,12496],{"class":452},[63,31226,2455],{"class":448},[63,31228,8919],{"class":73},[63,31230,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,31232,383],{"class":382},[63,31234,386],{"class":270},[63,31236,12864],{"class":382},[63,31238,307],{"class":73},[63,31240,30085],{"class":181},[63,31242,5131],{"class":73},[63,31244,2455],{"class":448},[63,31246,8909],{"class":452},[63,31248,2455],{"class":448},[63,31250,2482],{"class":73},[63,31252,7397],{"class":82},[63,31254,30117],{"class":73},[63,31256,31257],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,31258,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,31260,31261,31263,31265,31267],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,31262,70],{"class":69},[63,31264,74],{"class":73},[63,31266,406],{"class":181},[63,31268,397],{"class":73},[63,31270,31271,31273,31275,31277],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,31272,70],{"class":69},[63,31274,74],{"class":73},[63,31276,16925],{"class":181},[63,31278,397],{"class":73},[20,31280,110],{},[54,31282,31284],{"className":56,"code":31283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31285,31286,31290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31287,31288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31289,11423],{"class":3448},[63,31291,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,31293,8888],{"class":73},[63,31295,456],{"class":448},[63,31297,7274],{"class":452},[63,31299,456],{"class":448},[63,31301,2482],{"class":73},[63,31303,449],{"class":448},[63,31305,12496],{"class":452},[63,31307,456],{"class":448},[63,31309,102],{"class":73},[63,31311,449],{"class":448},[63,31313,8909],{"class":452},[63,31315,456],{"class":448},[63,31317,2482],{"class":73},[63,31319,7397],{"class":82},[63,31321,8919],{"class":73},[20,31323,16274],{},[54,31325,31327],{"className":56,"code":31326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31328,31329,31353,31375,31379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31330,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31332,12821],{"class":382},[63,31334,386],{"class":270},[63,31336,10102],{"class":73},[63,31338,2455],{"class":448},[63,31340,7274],{"class":452},[63,31342,2455],{"class":448},[63,31344,2482],{"class":73},[63,31346,1375],{"class":448},[63,31348,12496],{"class":452},[63,31350,2455],{"class":448},[63,31352,8919],{"class":73},[63,31354,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,31356,16925],{"class":382},[63,31358,307],{"class":73},[63,31360,30085],{"class":181},[63,31362,5131],{"class":73},[63,31364,2455],{"class":448},[63,31366,8909],{"class":452},[63,31368,2455],{"class":448},[63,31370,2482],{"class":73},[63,31372,7397],{"class":82},[63,31374,30117],{"class":73},[63,31376,31377],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,31378,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,31380,31381,31383,31385,31387],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,31382,70],{"class":69},[63,31384,74],{"class":73},[63,31386,16925],{"class":181},[63,31388,397],{"class":73},[20,31390,110],{},[54,31392,31394],{"className":56,"code":31393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31395,31396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31397,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31399,8888],{"class":73},[63,31401,456],{"class":448},[63,31403,7274],{"class":452},[63,31405,456],{"class":448},[63,31407,2482],{"class":73},[63,31409,449],{"class":448},[63,31411,12496],{"class":452},[63,31413,456],{"class":448},[63,31415,102],{"class":73},[63,31417,449],{"class":448},[63,31419,8909],{"class":452},[63,31421,456],{"class":448},[63,31423,2482],{"class":73},[63,31425,7397],{"class":82},[63,31427,8919],{"class":73},[20,31429,31430,31431,307],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[303,31432,17523],{"href":10342},[49,31434,1114,31436],{"id":31435},"when-to-use-update",[15,31437,14572],{},[20,31439,128,31440,10213],{},[15,31441,14572],{},[30,31443,31444,31447,31450,31453],{},[33,31445,31446],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31448,31449],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31451,31452],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31454,31455],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31457,31458],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[54,31460,31462],{"className":56,"code":31461,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31463,31464,31500,31515,31519,31558,31562,31572],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31465,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31467,11701],{"class":382},[63,31469,386],{"class":270},[63,31471,10102],{"class":73},[63,31473,2455],{"class":448},[63,31475,7274],{"class":452},[63,31477,2455],{"class":448},[63,31479,2482],{"class":73},[63,31481,1375],{"class":448},[63,31483,12496],{"class":452},[63,31485,2455],{"class":448},[63,31487,102],{"class":73},[63,31489,1375],{"class":448},[63,31491,8909],{"class":452},[63,31493,2455],{"class":448},[63,31495,2482],{"class":73},[63,31497,7397],{"class":82},[63,31499,8919],{"class":73},[63,31501,31502,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,31503,31504],{"class":382},"updated ",[63,31506,386],{"class":270},[63,31508,11776],{"class":382},[63,31510,307],{"class":73},[63,31512,12527],{"class":181},[63,31514,8252],{"class":73},[63,31516,31517],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,31518,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,31520,31521,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,31522,31523],{"class":382},"updated",[63,31525,307],{"class":73},[63,31527,30085],{"class":181},[63,31529,5131],{"class":73},[63,31531,2455],{"class":448},[63,31533,8909],{"class":452},[63,31535,2455],{"class":448},[63,31537,2482],{"class":73},[63,31539,30098],{"class":82},[63,31541,102],{"class":73},[63,31543,1375],{"class":448},[63,31545,10020],{"class":452},[63,31547,2455],{"class":448},[63,31549,2482],{"class":73},[63,31551,1375],{"class":448},[63,31553,15650],{"class":452},[63,31555,2455],{"class":448},[63,31557,30117],{"class":73},[63,31559,31560],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,31561,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,31563,31564,31566,31568,31570],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,31565,70],{"class":69},[63,31567,74],{"class":73},[63,31569,11748],{"class":181},[63,31571,397],{"class":73},[63,31573,31574,31576,31578,31580],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,31575,70],{"class":69},[63,31577,74],{"class":73},[63,31579,31523],{"class":181},[63,31581,397],{"class":73},[20,31583,110],{},[54,31585,31587],{"className":56,"code":31586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31588,31589,31621],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31590,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31592,8888],{"class":73},[63,31594,456],{"class":448},[63,31596,7274],{"class":452},[63,31598,456],{"class":448},[63,31600,2482],{"class":73},[63,31602,449],{"class":448},[63,31604,12496],{"class":452},[63,31606,456],{"class":448},[63,31608,102],{"class":73},[63,31610,449],{"class":448},[63,31612,8909],{"class":452},[63,31614,456],{"class":448},[63,31616,2482],{"class":73},[63,31618,7397],{"class":82},[63,31620,8919],{"class":73},[63,31622,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,31624,8888],{"class":73},[63,31626,456],{"class":448},[63,31628,7274],{"class":452},[63,31630,456],{"class":448},[63,31632,2482],{"class":73},[63,31634,449],{"class":448},[63,31636,12496],{"class":452},[63,31638,456],{"class":448},[63,31640,102],{"class":73},[63,31642,449],{"class":448},[63,31644,8909],{"class":452},[63,31646,456],{"class":448},[63,31648,2482],{"class":73},[63,31650,30098],{"class":82},[63,31652,102],{"class":73},[63,31654,449],{"class":448},[63,31656,10020],{"class":452},[63,31658,456],{"class":448},[63,31660,2482],{"class":73},[63,31662,449],{"class":448},[63,31664,15650],{"class":452},[63,31666,456],{"class":448},[63,31668,8919],{"class":73},[20,31670,31671,31672,307],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[303,31673,16216],{"href":16215},[49,31675,1186],{"id":1185},[20,31677,10359,31678,2482],{},[15,31679,14572],{},[30,31681,31682,31689,31693,31696,31699],{},[33,31683,12210,31684,31686,31687],{},[15,31685,14572],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31688,3373],{},[33,31690,1196,31691,12218],{},[15,31692,14572],{},[33,31694,31695],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,31697,31698],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,31700,31701],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31703,31704],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[54,31706,31708],{"className":56,"code":31707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31709,31710,31720,31734,31748,31770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31711,31712,31714,31716,31718],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31713,70],{"class":69},[63,31715,74],{"class":73},[63,31717,11063],{"class":181},[63,31719,397],{"class":73},[63,31721,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,31723,70],{"class":69},[63,31725,74],{"class":73},[63,31727,418],{"class":417},[63,31729,74],{"class":73},[63,31731,8814],{"class":181},[63,31733,86],{"class":73},[63,31735,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,31737,70],{"class":69},[63,31739,74],{"class":73},[63,31741,7702],{"class":417},[63,31743,74],{"class":73},[63,31745,8814],{"class":181},[63,31747,86],{"class":73},[63,31749,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,31751,70],{"class":69},[63,31753,74],{"class":73},[63,31755,11063],{"class":181},[63,31757,307],{"class":73},[63,31759,19370],{"class":181},[63,31761,74],{"class":73},[63,31763,456],{"class":448},[63,31765,14459],{"class":452},[63,31767,456],{"class":448},[63,31769,86],{"class":73},[63,31771,31772,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,31773,31774],{"class":69},"help",[63,31776,74],{"class":73},[63,31778,8431],{"class":417},[63,31780,307],{"class":73},[63,31782,30085],{"class":24370},[63,31784,397],{"class":73},[20,31786,31787],{},"These can help you check:",[30,31789,31790,31793,31798,31801,31804],{},[33,31791,31792],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,31794,31795,31796],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31797,14572],{},[33,31799,31800],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,31802,31803],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,31805,31806],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31808,31809,31810,307],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[303,31811,10875],{"href":10686},[49,31813,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,31815,1459,31817,31819],{"id":31816},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31818,14572],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31821,31822,31823,307],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31824,3373],{},[1193,31826,1459,31828,31830],{"id":31827},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31829,14572],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31832,31833],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1193,31835,1482,31837,31839],{"id":31836},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31838,14572],{}," add new keys?",[20,31841,31842],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1193,31844,1499,31846,31848],{"id":31845},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31847,14572],{}," with a list?",[20,31850,31851,31852,307],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31853,10707],{},[1193,31855,4781,31857,31859],{"id":31856},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31858,14572],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31861,31862,31863,31865],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31864,14572],{}," can change many keys at once.",[49,31867,1517],{"id":1516},[30,31869,31870,31874,31878,31883,31887],{},[33,31871,31872],{},[303,31873,25715],{"href":9001},[33,31875,31876],{},[303,31877,10864],{"href":10342},[33,31879,31880],{},[303,31881,31882],{"href":30707},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31884,31885],{},[303,31886,21077],{"href":16215},[33,31888,31889],{},[303,31890,10875],{"href":10686},[1542,31892,31893],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":31895},[31896,31897,31899,31900,31902,31904,31905,31906,31908,31909,31921],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":30140,"depth":89,"text":31898},"What update() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":30500,"depth":89,"text":31901},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30711,"depth":89,"text":31903},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30952,"depth":89,"text":30953},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":31435,"depth":89,"text":31907},"When to use update()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":31910},[31911,31913,31915,31917,31919],{"id":31816,"depth":254,"text":31912},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31827,"depth":254,"text":31914},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31836,"depth":254,"text":31916},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31845,"depth":254,"text":31918},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31856,"depth":254,"text":31920},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30018,"description":31922},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31928,"title":31929,"body":31930,"description":33919,"extension":1580,"meta":33920,"navigation":579,"path":22515,"seo":33921,"stem":33922,"__hash__":33923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31931,"toc":33882},[31932,31937,31944,31947,31949,32048,32050,32105,32110,32115,32129,32134,32136,32151,32153,32167,32180,32185,32191,32198,32200,32307,32309,32358,32364,32439,32441,32462,32464,32467,32572,32574,32629,32631,32659,32663,32668,32747,32749,32769,32771,32782,32792,32796,32801,32905,32907,32932,32935,32946,32951,32960,32963,32980,32982,33069,33071,33134,33136,33159,33161,33166,33172,33177,33179,33218,33224,33227,33246,33257,33263,33266,33339,33341,33360,33365,33368,33391,33397,33400,33464,33467,33544,33551,33554,33613,33619,33621,33640,33644,33647,33698,33701,33721,33723,33784,33786,33791,33796,33801,33806,33811,33816,33822,33825,33834,33842,33844,33879],[10,31933,10931,31935,10935],{"id":31934},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31936,16689],{},[20,31938,31939,31940,31943],{},"The Python ",[15,31941,31942],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31945,31946],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[49,31948,52],{"id":51},[54,31950,31952],{"className":56,"code":31951,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31953,31954,32006,32020,32024,32034],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31955,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31957,12479],{"class":382},[63,31959,386],{"class":270},[63,31961,10102],{"class":73},[63,31963,2455],{"class":448},[63,31965,7274],{"class":452},[63,31967,2455],{"class":448},[63,31969,2482],{"class":73},[63,31971,1375],{"class":448},[63,31973,12496],{"class":452},[63,31975,2455],{"class":448},[63,31977,102],{"class":73},[63,31979,1375],{"class":448},[63,31981,8909],{"class":452},[63,31983,2455],{"class":448},[63,31985,2482],{"class":73},[63,31987,7397],{"class":82},[63,31989,102],{"class":73},[63,31991,1375],{"class":448},[63,31993,10020],{"class":452},[63,31995,2455],{"class":448},[63,31997,2482],{"class":73},[63,31999,1375],{"class":448},[63,32001,15650],{"class":452},[63,32003,2455],{"class":448},[63,32005,8919],{"class":73},[63,32007,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32009,3418],{"class":382},[63,32011,386],{"class":270},[63,32013,12522],{"class":382},[63,32015,307],{"class":73},[63,32017,4961],{"class":181},[63,32019,8252],{"class":73},[63,32021,32022],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,32023,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32025,32026,32028,32030,32032],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,32027,70],{"class":69},[63,32029,74],{"class":73},[63,32031,4961],{"class":181},[63,32033,397],{"class":73},[63,32035,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,32037,70],{"class":69},[63,32039,74],{"class":73},[63,32041,7702],{"class":417},[63,32043,74],{"class":73},[63,32045,4961],{"class":181},[63,32047,86],{"class":73},[20,32049,110],{},[54,32051,32053],{"className":56,"code":32052,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32054,32055,32081],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32056,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32058,16656],{"class":181},[63,32060,2583],{"class":73},[63,32062,456],{"class":448},[63,32064,12496],{"class":452},[63,32066,456],{"class":448},[63,32068,102],{"class":73},[63,32070,7397],{"class":82},[63,32072,102],{"class":73},[63,32074,449],{"class":448},[63,32076,15650],{"class":452},[63,32078,456],{"class":448},[63,32080,191],{"class":73},[63,32082,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32084,3497],{"class":73},[63,32086,456],{"class":448},[63,32088,12496],{"class":452},[63,32090,456],{"class":448},[63,32092,102],{"class":73},[63,32094,7397],{"class":82},[63,32096,102],{"class":73},[63,32098,449],{"class":448},[63,32100,15650],{"class":452},[63,32102,456],{"class":448},[63,32104,3229],{"class":73},[20,32106,32107,32109],{},[15,32108,16689],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[49,32111,138,32113,141],{"id":32112},"what-values-does",[15,32114,16689],{},[30,32116,32117,32120,32123,32126],{},[33,32118,32119],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32121,32122],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32124,32125],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32127,32128],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32130,32131,32132,307],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[303,32133,9002],{"href":9001},[49,32135,164],{"id":163},[54,32137,32139],{"className":56,"code":32138,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32140,32141],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32142,32143,32145,32147,32149],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32144,11063],{"class":382},[63,32146,307],{"class":73},[63,32148,4961],{"class":181},[63,32150,8252],{"class":73},[20,32152,12668],{},[30,32154,32155,32159,32162],{},[33,32156,32157,11079],{},[15,32158,16689],{},[33,32160,32161],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32163,32164,32165],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32166,16689],{},[20,32168,32169,32170,3993,32175,307],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[303,32171,32172,32174],{"href":16680},[15,32173,16683],{}," for dictionary keys",[303,32176,32177,32179],{"href":16693},[15,32178,16696],{}," for key-value pairs",[49,32181,138,32183,11320],{"id":32182},"what-values-returns",[15,32184,16689],{},[20,32186,32187,21595,32189,24384],{},[15,32188,16689],{},[15,32190,16656],{},[20,32192,32193,32194,32197],{},"This object is a ",[833,32195,32196],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32199,1820],{},[54,32201,32203],{"className":56,"code":32202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32204,32205,32241,32245,32260,32271,32275,32297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32206,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32208,12821],{"class":382},[63,32210,386],{"class":270},[63,32212,10102],{"class":73},[63,32214,2455],{"class":448},[63,32216,7274],{"class":452},[63,32218,2455],{"class":448},[63,32220,2482],{"class":73},[63,32222,1375],{"class":448},[63,32224,7529],{"class":452},[63,32226,2455],{"class":448},[63,32228,102],{"class":73},[63,32230,1375],{"class":448},[63,32232,8909],{"class":452},[63,32234,2455],{"class":448},[63,32236,2482],{"class":73},[63,32238,8916],{"class":82},[63,32240,8919],{"class":73},[63,32242,32243],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32244,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32246,32247,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,32248,32249],{"class":382},"values_view ",[63,32251,386],{"class":270},[63,32253,12864],{"class":382},[63,32255,307],{"class":73},[63,32257,4961],{"class":181},[63,32259,8252],{"class":73},[63,32261,32262,32264,32266,32269],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,32263,70],{"class":69},[63,32265,74],{"class":73},[63,32267,32268],{"class":181},"values_view",[63,32270,397],{"class":73},[63,32272,32273],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,32274,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32276,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,32278,16925],{"class":382},[63,32280,3497],{"class":73},[63,32282,2455],{"class":448},[63,32284,10020],{"class":452},[63,32286,2455],{"class":448},[63,32288,12890],{"class":73},[63,32290,12893],{"class":270},[63,32292,1375],{"class":448},[63,32294,30264],{"class":452},[63,32296,1381],{"class":448},[63,32298,32299,32301,32303,32305],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,32300,70],{"class":69},[63,32302,74],{"class":73},[63,32304,32268],{"class":181},[63,32306,397],{"class":73},[20,32308,110],{},[54,32310,32312],{"className":56,"code":32311,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32313,32314,32332],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32315,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32317,16656],{"class":181},[63,32319,2583],{"class":73},[63,32321,456],{"class":448},[63,32323,7529],{"class":452},[63,32325,456],{"class":448},[63,32327,102],{"class":73},[63,32329,8916],{"class":82},[63,32331,191],{"class":73},[63,32333,32334,32336,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32335,16656],{"class":181},[63,32337,2583],{"class":73},[63,32339,456],{"class":448},[63,32341,7529],{"class":452},[63,32343,456],{"class":448},[63,32345,102],{"class":73},[63,32347,8916],{"class":82},[63,32349,102],{"class":73},[63,32351,449],{"class":448},[63,32353,30264],{"class":452},[63,32355,456],{"class":448},[63,32357,191],{"class":73},[20,32359,32360,32361,307],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32362,32363],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[54,32365,32367],{"className":56,"code":32366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32368,32369,32405,32424,32428],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32370,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32372,12821],{"class":382},[63,32374,386],{"class":270},[63,32376,10102],{"class":73},[63,32378,2455],{"class":448},[63,32380,7274],{"class":452},[63,32382,2455],{"class":448},[63,32384,2482],{"class":73},[63,32386,1375],{"class":448},[63,32388,7529],{"class":452},[63,32390,2455],{"class":448},[63,32392,102],{"class":73},[63,32394,1375],{"class":448},[63,32396,8909],{"class":452},[63,32398,2455],{"class":448},[63,32400,2482],{"class":73},[63,32402,8916],{"class":82},[63,32404,8919],{"class":73},[63,32406,32407,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32408,32409],{"class":382},"values_list ",[63,32411,386],{"class":270},[63,32413,22180],{"class":417},[63,32415,74],{"class":73},[63,32417,16925],{"class":181},[63,32419,307],{"class":73},[63,32421,4961],{"class":181},[63,32423,6799],{"class":73},[63,32425,32426],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,32427,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32429,32430,32432,32434,32437],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,32431,70],{"class":69},[63,32433,74],{"class":73},[63,32435,32436],{"class":181},"values_list",[63,32438,397],{"class":73},[20,32440,110],{},[54,32442,32444],{"className":56,"code":32443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32445,32446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32447,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32449,3497],{"class":73},[63,32451,456],{"class":448},[63,32453,7529],{"class":452},[63,32455,456],{"class":448},[63,32457,102],{"class":73},[63,32459,8916],{"class":82},[63,32461,3229],{"class":73},[49,32463,11089],{"id":11088},[20,32465,32466],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[54,32468,32470],{"className":56,"code":32469,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32471,32472,32526,32530,32544,32548,32558],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32473,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32507,32509,32511,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32475,24416],{"class":382},[63,32477,386],{"class":270},[63,32479,10102],{"class":73},[63,32481,2455],{"class":448},[63,32483,24425],{"class":452},[63,32485,2455],{"class":448},[63,32487,2482],{"class":73},[63,32489,1375],{"class":448},[63,32491,24434],{"class":452},[63,32493,2455],{"class":448},[63,32495,102],{"class":73},[63,32497,1375],{"class":448},[63,32499,24443],{"class":452},[63,32501,2455],{"class":448},[63,32503,2482],{"class":73},[63,32505,32506],{"class":82}," 2022",[63,32508,102],{"class":73},[63,32510,1375],{"class":448},[63,32512,32513],{"class":452},"color",[63,32515,2455],{"class":448},[63,32517,2482],{"class":73},[63,32519,1375],{"class":448},[63,32521,12726],{"class":452},[63,32523,2455],{"class":448},[63,32525,8919],{"class":73},[63,32527,32528],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32529,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32531,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,32533,383],{"class":382},[63,32535,386],{"class":270},[63,32537,24465],{"class":382},[63,32539,307],{"class":73},[63,32541,4961],{"class":181},[63,32543,8252],{"class":73},[63,32545,32546],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,32547,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32549,32550,32552,32554,32556],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,32551,70],{"class":69},[63,32553,74],{"class":73},[63,32555,406],{"class":181},[63,32557,397],{"class":73},[63,32559,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,32561,70],{"class":69},[63,32563,74],{"class":73},[63,32565,7702],{"class":417},[63,32567,74],{"class":73},[63,32569,406],{"class":181},[63,32571,86],{"class":73},[20,32573,110],{},[54,32575,32577],{"className":56,"code":32576,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32578,32579,32605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32580,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32582,16656],{"class":181},[63,32584,2583],{"class":73},[63,32586,456],{"class":448},[63,32588,24434],{"class":452},[63,32590,456],{"class":448},[63,32592,102],{"class":73},[63,32594,32506],{"class":82},[63,32596,102],{"class":73},[63,32598,449],{"class":448},[63,32600,12726],{"class":452},[63,32602,456],{"class":448},[63,32604,191],{"class":73},[63,32606,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32608,3497],{"class":73},[63,32610,456],{"class":448},[63,32612,24434],{"class":452},[63,32614,456],{"class":448},[63,32616,102],{"class":73},[63,32618,32506],{"class":82},[63,32620,102],{"class":73},[63,32622,449],{"class":448},[63,32624,12726],{"class":452},[63,32626,456],{"class":448},[63,32628,3229],{"class":73},[20,32630,11298],{},[30,32632,32633,32639,32645,32653],{},[33,32634,32635,32638],{},[15,32636,32637],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,32640,32641,32644],{},[15,32642,32643],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,32646,32647,32650,32651,24237],{},[15,32648,32649],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32652,16656],{},[33,32654,32655,32658],{},[15,32656,32657],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[49,32660,32662],{"id":32661},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32664,32665,32666,25684],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32667,5560],{},[54,32669,32671],{"className":56,"code":32670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32672,32673,32717,32721,32737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32674,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32676,4665],{"class":382},[63,32678,386],{"class":270},[63,32680,10102],{"class":73},[63,32682,2455],{"class":448},[63,32684,18036],{"class":452},[63,32686,2455],{"class":448},[63,32688,2482],{"class":73},[63,32690,19518],{"class":82},[63,32692,102],{"class":73},[63,32694,1375],{"class":448},[63,32696,30774],{"class":452},[63,32698,2455],{"class":448},[63,32700,2482],{"class":73},[63,32702,13124],{"class":82},[63,32704,102],{"class":73},[63,32706,1375],{"class":448},[63,32708,18045],{"class":452},[63,32710,2455],{"class":448},[63,32712,2482],{"class":73},[63,32714,28540],{"class":82},[63,32716,8919],{"class":73},[63,32718,32719],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32720,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32722,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,32724,5560],{"class":3473},[63,32726,21204],{"class":382},[63,32728,3480],{"class":3473},[63,32730,4712],{"class":382},[63,32732,307],{"class":73},[63,32734,4961],{"class":181},[63,32736,21215],{"class":73},[63,32738,32739,32741,32743,32745],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,32740,7677],{"class":69},[63,32742,74],{"class":73},[63,32744,1002],{"class":181},[63,32746,397],{"class":73},[20,32748,110],{},[54,32750,32752],{"className":56,"code":32751,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32753,32754,32759,32764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32755,32756],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32757,32758],{"class":82},"90\n",[63,32760,32761],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32762,32763],{"class":82},"85\n",[63,32765,32766],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,32767,32768],{"class":82},"88\n",[20,32770,17329],{},[30,32772,32773,32776,32779],{},[33,32774,32775],{},"You only need the values",[33,32777,32778],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,32780,32781],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32783,32784,32785,632,32789,307],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[303,32786,10348,32787,10352],{"href":16693},[15,32788,16696],{},[303,32790,22095],{"href":32791},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[49,32793,32795],{"id":32794},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32797,128,32798,32800],{},[15,32799,32363],{}," when you need a list.",[54,32802,32804],{"className":56,"code":32803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32805,32806,32852,32856,32876,32880,32891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32807,32808,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32844,32846,32848,32850],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32809,32810],{"class":382},"fruit_prices ",[63,32812,386],{"class":270},[63,32814,10102],{"class":73},[63,32816,2455],{"class":448},[63,32818,3677],{"class":452},[63,32820,2455],{"class":448},[63,32822,2482],{"class":73},[63,32824,105],{"class":82},[63,32826,102],{"class":73},[63,32828,1375],{"class":448},[63,32830,3686],{"class":452},[63,32832,2455],{"class":448},[63,32834,2482],{"class":73},[63,32836,249],{"class":82},[63,32838,102],{"class":73},[63,32840,1375],{"class":448},[63,32842,32843],{"class":452},"orange",[63,32845,2455],{"class":448},[63,32847,2482],{"class":73},[63,32849,518],{"class":82},[63,32851,8919],{"class":73},[63,32853,32854],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32855,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32857,32858,32861,32863,32865,32867,32870,32872,32874],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,32859,32860],{"class":382},"price_list ",[63,32862,386],{"class":270},[63,32864,22180],{"class":417},[63,32866,74],{"class":73},[63,32868,32869],{"class":181},"fruit_prices",[63,32871,307],{"class":73},[63,32873,4961],{"class":181},[63,32875,6799],{"class":73},[63,32877,32878],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,32879,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,32881,32882,32884,32886,32889],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,32883,70],{"class":69},[63,32885,74],{"class":73},[63,32887,32888],{"class":181},"price_list",[63,32890,397],{"class":73},[63,32892,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,32894,70],{"class":69},[63,32896,74],{"class":73},[63,32898,32888],{"class":181},[63,32900,3497],{"class":73},[63,32902,1734],{"class":82},[63,32904,191],{"class":73},[20,32906,110],{},[54,32908,32910],{"className":56,"code":32909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32911,32912,32928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32913,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32915,3497],{"class":73},[63,32917,274],{"class":82},[63,32919,102],{"class":73},[63,32921,249],{"class":82},[63,32923,102],{"class":73},[63,32925,518],{"class":82},[63,32927,3229],{"class":73},[63,32929,32930],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,32931,824],{"class":82},[20,32933,32934],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,32936,32937,32940,32943],{},[33,32938,32939],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,32941,32942],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,32944,32945],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32947,3522,32948,32950],{},[15,32949,16656],{}," is not the same as a list.",[49,32952,32954,10197,32956,10197,32958],{"id":32953},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32955,16689],{},[15,32957,16683],{},[15,32959,16696],{},[20,32961,32962],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,32964,32965,32970,32975],{},[33,32966,32967,32969],{},[15,32968,16689],{}," returns only the values",[33,32971,32972,32974],{},[15,32973,16683],{}," returns only the keys",[33,32976,32977,32979],{},[15,32978,16696],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32981,1740],{},[54,32983,32985],{"className":56,"code":32984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32986,32987,33023,33027,33041,33055],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32988,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32990,12479],{"class":382},[63,32992,386],{"class":270},[63,32994,10102],{"class":73},[63,32996,2455],{"class":448},[63,32998,7274],{"class":452},[63,33000,2455],{"class":448},[63,33002,2482],{"class":73},[63,33004,1375],{"class":448},[63,33006,12496],{"class":452},[63,33008,2455],{"class":448},[63,33010,102],{"class":73},[63,33012,1375],{"class":448},[63,33014,8909],{"class":452},[63,33016,2455],{"class":448},[63,33018,2482],{"class":73},[63,33020,7397],{"class":82},[63,33022,8919],{"class":73},[63,33024,33025],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33026,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,33028,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,33030,70],{"class":69},[63,33032,74],{"class":73},[63,33034,13243],{"class":181},[63,33036,307],{"class":73},[63,33038,16542],{"class":181},[63,33040,6799],{"class":73},[63,33042,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,33044,70],{"class":69},[63,33046,74],{"class":73},[63,33048,13243],{"class":181},[63,33050,307],{"class":73},[63,33052,4961],{"class":181},[63,33054,6799],{"class":73},[63,33056,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,33058,70],{"class":69},[63,33060,74],{"class":73},[63,33062,13243],{"class":181},[63,33064,307],{"class":73},[63,33066,7417],{"class":181},[63,33068,6799],{"class":73},[20,33070,110],{},[54,33072,33074],{"className":56,"code":33073,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33075,33076,33098,33116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33077,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33079,16633],{"class":181},[63,33081,2583],{"class":73},[63,33083,456],{"class":448},[63,33085,7274],{"class":452},[63,33087,456],{"class":448},[63,33089,102],{"class":73},[63,33091,449],{"class":448},[63,33093,8909],{"class":452},[63,33095,456],{"class":448},[63,33097,191],{"class":73},[63,33099,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33101,16656],{"class":181},[63,33103,2583],{"class":73},[63,33105,456],{"class":448},[63,33107,12496],{"class":452},[63,33109,456],{"class":448},[63,33111,102],{"class":73},[63,33113,7397],{"class":82},[63,33115,191],{"class":73},[63,33117,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,33119,21528],{"class":181},[63,33121,9268],{"class":73},[63,33123,456],{"class":448},[63,33125,7274],{"class":452},[63,33127,456],{"class":448},[63,33129,102],{"class":73},[63,33131,7397],{"class":82},[63,33133,10291],{"class":73},[20,33135,18314],{},[30,33137,33138,33145,33152],{},[33,33139,33140,33144],{},[303,33141,33142],{"href":16680},[15,33143,16683],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33146,33147,33151],{},[303,33148,33149],{"href":16686},[15,33150,16689],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33153,33154,33158],{},[303,33155,33156],{"href":16693},[15,33157,16696],{}," when you need both",[49,33160,4119],{"id":4118},[20,33162,33163,33164,307],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33165,16689],{},[1193,33167,29270,33169,33171],{"id":33168},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33170,16689],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33173,33174,33176],{},[15,33175,16689],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33178,16262],{},[54,33180,33182],{"className":56,"code":33181,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33183,33184,33204],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33185,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33187,7917],{"class":382},[63,33189,386],{"class":270},[63,33191,3216],{"class":73},[63,33193,674],{"class":82},[63,33195,102],{"class":73},[63,33197,105],{"class":82},[63,33199,102],{"class":73},[63,33201,518],{"class":82},[63,33203,3229],{"class":73},[63,33205,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33207,70],{"class":69},[63,33209,74],{"class":73},[63,33211,7948],{"class":181},[63,33213,307],{"class":73},[63,33215,4961],{"class":181},[63,33217,6799],{"class":73},[20,33219,33220,33221,33223],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33222,16689],{}," method.",[20,33225,33226],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[54,33228,33230],{"className":56,"code":33229,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33231,33232],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33233,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33235,70],{"class":69},[63,33237,74],{"class":73},[63,33239,418],{"class":417},[63,33241,74],{"class":73},[63,33243,7948],{"class":181},[63,33245,86],{"class":73},[20,33247,33248,33249,33251,33252,307],{},"If you get an ",[15,33250,25291],{},", see ",[303,33253,25299,33254,33256],{"href":25298},[15,33255,25302],{}," errors",[1193,33258,4180,33260,33262],{"id":33259},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33261,16689],{}," returns a list",[20,33264,33265],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[54,33267,33269],{"className":56,"code":33268,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33270,33271,33307,33321,33325],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33272,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33274,12479],{"class":382},[63,33276,386],{"class":270},[63,33278,10102],{"class":73},[63,33280,2455],{"class":448},[63,33282,7274],{"class":452},[63,33284,2455],{"class":448},[63,33286,2482],{"class":73},[63,33288,1375],{"class":448},[63,33290,12496],{"class":452},[63,33292,2455],{"class":448},[63,33294,102],{"class":73},[63,33296,1375],{"class":448},[63,33298,8909],{"class":452},[63,33300,2455],{"class":448},[63,33302,2482],{"class":73},[63,33304,7397],{"class":82},[63,33306,8919],{"class":73},[63,33308,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33310,3418],{"class":382},[63,33312,386],{"class":270},[63,33314,12522],{"class":382},[63,33316,307],{"class":73},[63,33318,4961],{"class":181},[63,33320,8252],{"class":73},[63,33322,33323],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,33324,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,33326,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,33328,70],{"class":69},[63,33330,74],{"class":73},[63,33332,418],{"class":417},[63,33334,74],{"class":73},[63,33336,4961],{"class":181},[63,33338,86],{"class":73},[20,33340,110],{},[54,33342,33344],{"className":56,"code":33343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33345,33346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33347,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33349,441],{"class":270},[63,33351,445],{"class":444},[63,33353,449],{"class":448},[63,33355,16656],{"class":452},[63,33357,456],{"class":448},[63,33359,459],{"class":270},[20,33361,4750,33362,33364],{},[15,33363,16656],{},", not a list.",[20,33366,33367],{},"If you need a list:",[54,33369,33371],{"className":56,"code":33370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33372,33373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33374,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33376,3418],{"class":382},[63,33378,386],{"class":270},[63,33380,22180],{"class":417},[63,33382,74],{"class":73},[63,33384,13243],{"class":181},[63,33386,307],{"class":73},[63,33388,4961],{"class":181},[63,33390,6799],{"class":73},[1193,33392,33394,33395],{"id":33393},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33396,16656],{},[20,33398,33399],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[54,33401,33403],{"className":56,"code":33402,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33404,33405,33441,33455,33459],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33406,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33408,12479],{"class":382},[63,33410,386],{"class":270},[63,33412,10102],{"class":73},[63,33414,2455],{"class":448},[63,33416,7274],{"class":452},[63,33418,2455],{"class":448},[63,33420,2482],{"class":73},[63,33422,1375],{"class":448},[63,33424,12496],{"class":452},[63,33426,2455],{"class":448},[63,33428,102],{"class":73},[63,33430,1375],{"class":448},[63,33432,8909],{"class":452},[63,33434,2455],{"class":448},[63,33436,2482],{"class":73},[63,33438,7397],{"class":82},[63,33440,8919],{"class":73},[63,33442,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33444,3418],{"class":382},[63,33446,386],{"class":270},[63,33448,12522],{"class":382},[63,33450,307],{"class":73},[63,33452,4961],{"class":181},[63,33454,8252],{"class":73},[63,33456,33457],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,33458,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,33460,33461],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,33462,33463],{"class":1357},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33465,33466],{},"Convert to a list first:",[54,33468,33470],{"className":56,"code":33469,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33471,33472,33508,33526,33530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33473,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33475,12479],{"class":382},[63,33477,386],{"class":270},[63,33479,10102],{"class":73},[63,33481,2455],{"class":448},[63,33483,7274],{"class":452},[63,33485,2455],{"class":448},[63,33487,2482],{"class":73},[63,33489,1375],{"class":448},[63,33491,12496],{"class":452},[63,33493,2455],{"class":448},[63,33495,102],{"class":73},[63,33497,1375],{"class":448},[63,33499,8909],{"class":452},[63,33501,2455],{"class":448},[63,33503,2482],{"class":73},[63,33505,7397],{"class":82},[63,33507,8919],{"class":73},[63,33509,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33511,3418],{"class":382},[63,33513,386],{"class":270},[63,33515,22180],{"class":417},[63,33517,74],{"class":73},[63,33519,13243],{"class":181},[63,33521,307],{"class":73},[63,33523,4961],{"class":181},[63,33525,6799],{"class":73},[63,33527,33528],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,33529,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,33531,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,33533,70],{"class":69},[63,33535,74],{"class":73},[63,33537,4961],{"class":181},[63,33539,3497],{"class":73},[63,33541,1734],{"class":82},[63,33543,191],{"class":73},[1193,33545,311,33547,10704,33549],{"id":33546},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33548,4961],{},[15,33550,16689],{},[20,33552,33553],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[54,33555,33557],{"className":56,"code":33556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33558,33559,33595,33599],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33560,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33562,12479],{"class":382},[63,33564,386],{"class":270},[63,33566,10102],{"class":73},[63,33568,2455],{"class":448},[63,33570,7274],{"class":452},[63,33572,2455],{"class":448},[63,33574,2482],{"class":73},[63,33576,1375],{"class":448},[63,33578,12496],{"class":452},[63,33580,2455],{"class":448},[63,33582,102],{"class":73},[63,33584,1375],{"class":448},[63,33586,8909],{"class":452},[63,33588,2455],{"class":448},[63,33590,2482],{"class":73},[63,33592,7397],{"class":82},[63,33594,8919],{"class":73},[63,33596,33597],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33598,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,33600,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,33602,70],{"class":69},[63,33604,74],{"class":73},[63,33606,13243],{"class":181},[63,33608,307],{"class":73},[63,33610,4961],{"class":24370},[63,33612,397],{"class":73},[20,33614,33615,33618],{},[15,33616,33617],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33620,18314],{},[54,33622,33624],{"className":56,"code":33623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33625,33626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33627,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33629,70],{"class":69},[63,33631,74],{"class":73},[63,33633,13243],{"class":181},[63,33635,307],{"class":73},[63,33637,4961],{"class":181},[63,33639,6799],{"class":73},[1193,33641,33643],{"id":33642},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33645,33646],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[54,33648,33650],{"className":56,"code":33649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33651,33652,33684],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33653,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33655,8775],{"class":382},[63,33657,386],{"class":270},[63,33659,10102],{"class":73},[63,33661,2455],{"class":448},[63,33663,303],{"class":452},[63,33665,2455],{"class":448},[63,33667,2482],{"class":73},[63,33669,249],{"class":82},[63,33671,102],{"class":73},[63,33673,1375],{"class":448},[63,33675,4362],{"class":452},[63,33677,2455],{"class":448},[63,33679,2482],{"class":73},[63,33681,105],{"class":82},[63,33683,8919],{"class":73},[63,33685,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33687,70],{"class":69},[63,33689,74],{"class":73},[63,33691,8814],{"class":181},[63,33693,307],{"class":73},[63,33695,4961],{"class":181},[63,33697,6799],{"class":73},[20,33699,33700],{},"Not like this:",[54,33702,33704],{"className":56,"code":33703,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33705,33706,33711,33716],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33707,33708],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33709,33710],{"class":1357},"# Wrong examples:\n",[63,33712,33713],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33714,33715],{"class":1357},"# data().values()\n",[63,33717,33718],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,33719,33720],{"class":1357},"# values(data)\n",[20,33722,2933],{},[54,33724,33726],{"className":56,"code":33725,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33727,33728,33742,33752,33766],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33729,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33731,70],{"class":69},[63,33733,74],{"class":73},[63,33735,418],{"class":417},[63,33737,74],{"class":73},[63,33739,11063],{"class":181},[63,33741,86],{"class":73},[63,33743,33744,33746,33748,33750],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33745,70],{"class":69},[63,33747,74],{"class":73},[63,33749,11063],{"class":181},[63,33751,397],{"class":73},[63,33753,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,33755,70],{"class":69},[63,33757,74],{"class":73},[63,33759,11063],{"class":181},[63,33761,307],{"class":73},[63,33763,4961],{"class":181},[63,33765,6799],{"class":73},[63,33767,33768,33770,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,33769,70],{"class":69},[63,33771,74],{"class":73},[63,33773,7702],{"class":417},[63,33775,74],{"class":73},[63,33777,11063],{"class":181},[63,33779,307],{"class":73},[63,33781,4961],{"class":181},[63,33783,5893],{"class":73},[49,33785,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,33787,4744,33789,4747],{"id":33788},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33790,31942],{},[20,33792,17040,33793,33795],{},[15,33794,16656],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1193,33797,1459,33799,23551],{"id":33798},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33800,16689],{},[20,33802,23554,33803,23558],{},[15,33804,33805],{},"list(...)",[1193,33807,25676,33809,1506],{"id":33808},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33810,31942],{},[20,33812,33813,33814,25684],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33815,5560],{},[1193,33817,1459,33819,33821],{"id":33818},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33820,31942],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33823,33824],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1193,33826,33828,33829,33831,33832,1506],{"id":33827},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33830,16689],{}," different from ",[15,33833,16696],{},[20,33835,33836,33838,33839,33841],{},[15,33837,16689],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33840,16696],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[49,33843,1517],{"id":1516},[30,33845,33846,33852,33858,33862,33868,33872],{},[33,33847,33848],{},[303,33849,10348,33850,10352],{"href":16680},[15,33851,16683],{},[33,33853,33854],{},[303,33855,10348,33856,10352],{"href":16693},[15,33857,16696],{},[33,33859,33860],{},[303,33861,10855],{"href":9001},[33,33863,33864],{},[303,33865,33867],{"href":33866},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,33869,33870],{},[303,33871,23636],{"href":32791},[33,33873,33874],{},[303,33875,29968,33876],{"href":25298},[15,33877,33878],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1542,33880,33881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":33883},[33884,33885,33887,33888,33890,33891,33892,33893,33895,33906,33918],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":32112,"depth":89,"text":33886},"What values() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":32182,"depth":89,"text":33889},"What values() returns",{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":32661,"depth":89,"text":32662},{"id":32794,"depth":89,"text":32795},{"id":32953,"depth":89,"text":33894},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":33896},[33897,33899,33901,33903,33905],{"id":33168,"depth":254,"text":33898},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33259,"depth":254,"text":33900},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33393,"depth":254,"text":33902},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33546,"depth":254,"text":33904},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33642,"depth":254,"text":33643},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":33907},[33908,33910,33912,33914,33916],{"id":33788,"depth":254,"text":33909},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33798,"depth":254,"text":33911},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33808,"depth":254,"text":33913},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33818,"depth":254,"text":33915},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33827,"depth":254,"text":33917},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31929,"description":33919},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33925,"title":33926,"body":33927,"description":35356,"extension":1580,"meta":35357,"navigation":579,"path":35358,"seo":35359,"stem":35360,"__hash__":35361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33928,"toc":35308},[33929,33935,33940,33943,33959,33968,33970,34002,34008,34011,34106,34109,34114,34119,34122,34133,34135,34149,34155,34157,34162,34168,34171,34210,34218,34223,34226,34271,34274,34286,34292,34298,34302,34333,34336,34354,34357,34361,34400,34402,34422,34425,34437,34442,34448,34451,34506,34509,34520,34523,34534,34537,34541,34547,34549,34579,34582,34597,34600,34603,34622,34625,34641,34650,34652,34683,34689,34694,34697,34704,34735,34738,34760,34763,34766,34780,34784,34815,34830,34837,34844,34848,34856,34860,34868,34871,34920,34931,34933,34936,34942,34947,34957,34961,34964,34967,34971,34974,34976,34997,35001,35007,35018,35024,35026,35032,35056,35059,35122,35125,35153,35156,35218,35220,35225,35228,35235,35243,35250,35253,35261,35267,35269,35296,35305],[10,33930,13,33932,18],{"id":33931},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33933,33934],{},"dir()",[20,33936,31939,33937,33939],{},[15,33938,33934],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33941,33942],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,33944,33945,33948,33951,33956],{},[33,33946,33947],{},"learning Python",[33,33949,33950],{},"exploring a new object",[33,33952,33953,33954],{},"debugging an ",[15,33955,25291],{},[33,33957,33958],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33960,33961,33962,33964,33965],{},"In short, ",[15,33963,33934],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[833,33966,33967],{},"“What can I use here?”",[49,33969,52],{"id":51},[54,33971,33973],{"className":56,"code":33972,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33974,33975,33987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33976,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33978,7484],{"class":382},[63,33980,386],{"class":270},[63,33982,1375],{"class":448},[63,33984,3441],{"class":452},[63,33986,1381],{"class":448},[63,33988,33989,33991,33993,33996,33998,34000],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,33990,70],{"class":69},[63,33992,74],{"class":73},[63,33994,33995],{"class":69},"dir",[63,33997,74],{"class":73},[63,33999,7274],{"class":181},[63,34001,86],{"class":73},[20,34003,128,34004,34007],{},[15,34005,34006],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34009,34010],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[54,34012,34014],{"className":56,"code":34013,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34015,34016],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34017,34018,34020,34022,34025,34027,34029,34031,34034,34036,34038,34040,34043,34045,34047,34049,34052,34054,34056,34058,34061,34063,34065,34067,34070,34072,34074,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086,34088,34090,34093,34095,34097,34099,34102,34104],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34019,3497],{"class":73},[63,34021,456],{"class":448},[63,34023,34024],{"class":452},"__add__",[63,34026,456],{"class":448},[63,34028,102],{"class":73},[63,34030,449],{"class":448},[63,34032,34033],{"class":452},"__class__",[63,34035,456],{"class":448},[63,34037,102],{"class":73},[63,34039,449],{"class":448},[63,34041,34042],{"class":452},"__contains__",[63,34044,456],{"class":448},[63,34046,102],{"class":73},[63,34048,449],{"class":448},[63,34050,34051],{"class":452},"__delattr__",[63,34053,456],{"class":448},[63,34055,102],{"class":73},[63,34057,449],{"class":448},[63,34059,34060],{"class":452},"__dir__",[63,34062,456],{"class":448},[63,34064,102],{"class":73},[63,34066,449],{"class":448},[63,34068,34069],{"class":452},"__doc__",[63,34071,456],{"class":448},[63,34073,102],{"class":73},[63,34075,34077],{"class":34076},"s_hVV"," ...",[63,34079,102],{"class":73},[63,34081,449],{"class":448},[63,34083,8249],{"class":452},[63,34085,456],{"class":448},[63,34087,102],{"class":73},[63,34089,449],{"class":448},[63,34091,34092],{"class":452},"split",[63,34094,456],{"class":448},[63,34096,102],{"class":73},[63,34098,449],{"class":448},[63,34100,34101],{"class":452},"upper",[63,34103,456],{"class":448},[63,34105,3229],{"class":73},[20,34107,34108],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[49,34110,138,34112,141],{"id":34111},"what-dir-does",[15,34113,33934],{},[20,34115,34116,34118],{},[15,34117,33934],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34120,34121],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34123,34124,34127,34130],{},[33,34125,34126],{},"attributes",[33,34128,34129],{},"methods",[33,34131,34132],{},"special Python names",[20,34134,11072],{},[30,34136,34137,34143,34146],{},[33,34138,34139,34140],{},"The result is a ",[833,34141,34142],{},"list of strings",[33,34144,34145],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34147,34148],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34150,34151,34152,34154],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34153,33934],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[49,34156,164],{"id":163},[20,34158,34159,34161],{},[15,34160,33934],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1193,34163,34165,34167],{"id":34164},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34166,33934],{}," with no argument",[20,34169,34170],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[54,34172,34174],{"className":56,"code":34173,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34175,34176,34184,34196,34200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34177,34178,34180,34182],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34179,2622],{"class":382},[63,34181,386],{"class":270},[63,34183,2190],{"class":82},[63,34185,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34187,7484],{"class":382},[63,34189,386],{"class":270},[63,34191,1375],{"class":448},[63,34193,7283],{"class":452},[63,34195,1381],{"class":448},[63,34197,34198],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,34199,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,34201,34202,34204,34206,34208],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,34203,70],{"class":69},[63,34205,74],{"class":73},[63,34207,33995],{"class":69},[63,34209,6799],{"class":73},[20,34211,34212,34213,3993,34215,34217],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34214,1786],{},[15,34216,7274],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1193,34219,34221],{"id":34220},"dirobject",[15,34222,34006],{},[20,34224,34225],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[54,34227,34229],{"className":56,"code":34228,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34230,34231,34249],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34232,34233,34235,34237,34239,34241,34243,34245,34247],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34234,70],{"class":69},[63,34236,74],{"class":73},[63,34238,33995],{"class":69},[63,34240,74],{"class":73},[63,34242,2455],{"class":448},[63,34244,3441],{"class":452},[63,34246,2455],{"class":448},[63,34248,86],{"class":73},[63,34250,34251,34253,34255,34257,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34252,70],{"class":69},[63,34254,74],{"class":73},[63,34256,33995],{"class":69},[63,34258,2583],{"class":73},[63,34260,674],{"class":82},[63,34262,102],{"class":73},[63,34264,105],{"class":82},[63,34266,102],{"class":73},[63,34268,518],{"class":82},[63,34270,2596],{"class":73},[20,34272,34273],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34275,34276,34278,34280,34283],{},[33,34277,4911],{},[33,34279,4902],{},[33,34281,34282],{},"modules",[33,34284,34285],{},"custom objects",[49,34287,311,34289,34291],{"id":34288},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34290,33934],{}," with a value",[20,34293,34294,34295,34297],{},"A common use of ",[15,34296,33934],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1193,34299,34301],{"id":34300},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[54,34303,34305],{"className":56,"code":34304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34306,34307,34319],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34308,34309,34311,34313,34315,34317],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34310,1370],{"class":382},[63,34312,386],{"class":270},[63,34314,1375],{"class":448},[63,34316,3441],{"class":452},[63,34318,1381],{"class":448},[63,34320,34321,34323,34325,34327,34329,34331],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34322,70],{"class":69},[63,34324,74],{"class":73},[63,34326,33995],{"class":69},[63,34328,74],{"class":73},[63,34330,1396],{"class":181},[63,34332,86],{"class":73},[20,34334,34335],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34337,34338,34342,34346,34350],{},[33,34339,34340],{},[15,34341,8249],{},[33,34343,34344],{},[15,34345,34101],{},[33,34347,34348],{},[15,34349,34092],{},[33,34351,34352],{},[15,34353,8243],{},[20,34355,34356],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1193,34358,34360],{"id":34359},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[54,34362,34364],{"className":56,"code":34363,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34365,34366,34386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34367,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382,34384],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34369,3211],{"class":382},[63,34371,386],{"class":270},[63,34373,3216],{"class":73},[63,34375,674],{"class":82},[63,34377,102],{"class":73},[63,34379,105],{"class":82},[63,34381,102],{"class":73},[63,34383,518],{"class":82},[63,34385,3229],{"class":73},[63,34387,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396,34398],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34389,70],{"class":69},[63,34391,74],{"class":73},[63,34393,33995],{"class":69},[63,34395,74],{"class":73},[63,34397,3243],{"class":181},[63,34399,86],{"class":73},[20,34401,34335],{},[30,34403,34404,34408,34412,34417],{},[33,34405,34406],{},[15,34407,13170],{},[33,34409,34410],{},[15,34411,25861],{},[33,34413,34414],{},[15,34415,34416],{},"remove",[33,34418,34419],{},[15,34420,34421],{},"sort",[20,34423,34424],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34426,34427,34428,34433,34434,34436],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[303,34429,34431],{"href":34430},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34432,1911],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34435,33934],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[49,34438,311,34440,34167],{"id":34439},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34441,33934],{},[20,34443,34444,34445,34447],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34446,33934],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34449,34450],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[54,34452,34454],{"className":56,"code":34453,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34455,34456,34465,34469,34480,34492,34496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34457,34458,34460,34462],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34459,2622],{"class":382},[63,34461,386],{"class":270},[63,34463,34464],{"class":82}," 5\n",[63,34466,34467],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34468,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,34470,34471,34474,34478],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,34472,34473],{"class":444},"def",[63,34475,34477],{"class":34476},"sGLFI"," greet",[63,34479,21215],{"class":73},[63,34481,34482,34485,34487,34490],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,34483,34484],{"class":3473},"    return",[63,34486,1375],{"class":448},[63,34488,34489],{"class":452},"Hello",[63,34491,1381],{"class":448},[63,34493,34494],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,34495,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,34497,34498,34500,34502,34504],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,34499,70],{"class":69},[63,34501,74],{"class":73},[63,34503,33995],{"class":69},[63,34505,6799],{"class":73},[20,34507,34508],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,34510,34511,34515],{},[33,34512,34513],{},[15,34514,1786],{},[33,34516,34517],{},[15,34518,34519],{},"greet",[20,34521,34522],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,34524,34525,34528,34531],{},[33,34526,34527],{},"what variables exist",[33,34529,34530],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,34532,34533],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34535,34536],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[49,34538,34540],{"id":34539},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34542,34543,34544,34546],{},"When you first use ",[15,34545,33934],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34548,1820],{},[54,34550,34551],{"className":56,"code":34304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,34552,34553,34565],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34554,34555,34557,34559,34561,34563],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34556,1370],{"class":382},[63,34558,386],{"class":270},[63,34560,1375],{"class":448},[63,34562,3441],{"class":452},[63,34564,1381],{"class":448},[63,34566,34567,34569,34571,34573,34575,34577],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34568,70],{"class":69},[63,34570,74],{"class":73},[63,34572,33995],{"class":69},[63,34574,74],{"class":73},[63,34576,1396],{"class":181},[63,34578,86],{"class":73},[20,34580,34581],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,34583,34584,34588,34592],{},[33,34585,34586],{},[15,34587,34033],{},[33,34589,34590],{},[15,34591,34069],{},[33,34593,34594],{},[15,34595,34596],{},"__len__",[20,34598,34599],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34601,34602],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,34604,34605,34609,34613,34617],{},[33,34606,34607],{},[15,34608,34101],{},[33,34610,34611],{},[15,34612,8249],{},[33,34614,34615],{},[15,34616,34092],{},[33,34618,34619],{},[15,34620,34621],{},"replace",[20,34623,34624],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,34626,34627,34635],{},[33,34628,34629,34631,34632],{},[15,34630,33934],{}," lists ",[833,34633,34634],{},"names only",[33,34636,34637,34638,34640],{},"it does ",[833,34639,973],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34642,34643,34644,307],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[303,34645,34647],{"href":34646},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34648,34649],{},"help()",[20,34651,777],{},[54,34653,34655],{"className":56,"code":34654,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34656,34657,34669],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34658,34659,34661,34663,34665,34667],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34660,7484],{"class":382},[63,34662,386],{"class":270},[63,34664,1375],{"class":448},[63,34666,3441],{"class":452},[63,34668,1381],{"class":448},[63,34670,34671,34673,34675,34677,34679,34681],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34672,31774],{"class":69},[63,34674,74],{"class":73},[63,34676,7274],{"class":181},[63,34678,307],{"class":73},[63,34680,34101],{"class":24370},[63,34682,397],{"class":73},[49,34684,34686,34688],{"id":34685},"dir-on-modules",[15,34687,33934],{}," on modules",[20,34690,15333,34691,34693],{},[15,34692,33934],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34695,34696],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1193,34698,34700,34701,34703],{"id":34699},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34702,18036],{}," module",[54,34705,34707],{"className":56,"code":34706,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34708,34709,34717,34721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34710,34711,34714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34712,34713],{"class":3473},"import",[63,34715,34716],{"class":382}," math\n",[63,34718,34719],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34720,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,34722,34723,34725,34727,34729,34731,34733],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,34724,70],{"class":69},[63,34726,74],{"class":73},[63,34728,33995],{"class":69},[63,34730,74],{"class":73},[63,34732,18036],{"class":181},[63,34734,86],{"class":73},[20,34736,34737],{},"You may see names like:",[30,34739,34740,34745,34750,34755],{},[33,34741,34742],{},[15,34743,34744],{},"sqrt",[33,34746,34747],{},[15,34748,34749],{},"ceil",[33,34751,34752],{},[15,34753,34754],{},"floor",[33,34756,34757],{},[15,34758,34759],{},"pi",[20,34761,34762],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34764,34765],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,34767,34768,34774],{},[33,34769,34770],{},[303,34771,34773],{"href":34772},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,34775,34776],{},[303,34777,34779],{"href":34778},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1193,34781,34783],{"id":34782},"another-example","Another example",[54,34785,34787],{"className":56,"code":34786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34788,34789,34796,34800],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34790,34791,34793],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34792,34713],{"class":3473},[63,34794,34795],{"class":382}," json\n",[63,34797,34798],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34799,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,34801,34802,34804,34806,34808,34810,34813],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,34803,70],{"class":69},[63,34805,74],{"class":73},[63,34807,33995],{"class":69},[63,34809,74],{"class":73},[63,34811,34812],{"class":181},"json",[63,34814,86],{"class":73},[20,34816,34817,34818,1801,34821,1801,34824,16690,34827,307],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34819,34820],{},"dump",[15,34822,34823],{},"dumps",[15,34825,34826],{},"load",[15,34828,34829],{},"loads",[49,34831,34833,10197,34835],{"id":34832},"dir-vs-help",[15,34834,33934],{},[15,34836,34649],{},[20,34838,34839,3993,34841,34843],{},[15,34840,33934],{},[15,34842,34649],{}," are often used together.",[1193,34845,34846],{"id":33995},[15,34847,33934],{},[30,34849,34850,34853],{},[33,34851,34852],{},"shows available names",[33,34854,34855],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1193,34857,34858],{"id":31774},[15,34859,34649],{},[30,34861,34862,34865],{},[33,34863,34864],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,34866,34867],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34869,34870],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[54,34872,34874],{"className":56,"code":34873,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34875,34876,34888,34892,34906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34877,34878,34880,34882,34884,34886],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34879,7484],{"class":382},[63,34881,386],{"class":270},[63,34883,1375],{"class":448},[63,34885,3441],{"class":452},[63,34887,1381],{"class":448},[63,34889,34890],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,34891,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,34893,34894,34896,34898,34900,34902,34904],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,34895,70],{"class":69},[63,34897,74],{"class":73},[63,34899,33995],{"class":69},[63,34901,74],{"class":73},[63,34903,7274],{"class":181},[63,34905,86],{"class":73},[63,34907,34908,34910,34912,34914,34916,34918],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,34909,31774],{"class":69},[63,34911,74],{"class":73},[63,34913,7274],{"class":181},[63,34915,307],{"class":73},[63,34917,34101],{"class":24370},[63,34919,397],{"class":73},[20,34921,128,34922,34924,34925,34927,34928,34930],{},[15,34923,33934],{}," first to find a method name.",[9457,34926],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34929,34649],{}," to understand how to use it.",[49,34932,24977],{"id":24976},[20,34934,34935],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1193,34937,34939,34941],{"id":34938},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34940,33934],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34943,34944,34946],{},[15,34945,33934],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34948,34949,34950,34952,34953,34956],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34951,34101],{}," in ",[15,34954,34955],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1193,34958,34960],{"id":34959},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34962,34963],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34965,34966],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1193,34968,34970],{"id":34969},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34972,34973],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34975,777],{},[30,34977,34978,34983,34989],{},[33,34979,34980,34982],{},[15,34981,34955],{}," shows string-related names",[33,34984,34985,34988],{},[15,34986,34987],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,34990,34991,34994,34995,34703],{},[15,34992,34993],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34996,18036],{},[1193,34998,35000],{"id":34999},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35002,35003,35004,35006],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35005,33934],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35008,35009,35012,35015],{},[33,35010,35011],{},"what it does",[33,35013,35014],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35016,35017],{},"what it returns",[20,35019,35020,35021,35023],{},"That is why ",[15,35022,34649],{}," is the natural next step.",[49,35025,1186],{"id":1185},[20,35027,35028,35029,35031],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35030,33934],{}," in these situations:",[30,35033,35034,35037,35046,35049],{},[33,35035,35036],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35038,35039,35040,35045],{},"Seeing an ",[303,35041,35043],{"href":35042},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35044,25291],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35047,35048],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35050,311,35051,35053,35054],{},[15,35052,33934],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35055,34649],{},[20,35057,35058],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[54,35060,35062],{"className":56,"code":35061,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35063,35064,35076,35080,35094,35108],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35065,35066,35068,35070,35072,35074],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35067,7484],{"class":382},[63,35069,386],{"class":270},[63,35071,1375],{"class":448},[63,35073,3441],{"class":452},[63,35075,1381],{"class":448},[63,35077,35078],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35079,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,35081,35082,35084,35086,35088,35090,35092],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35083,70],{"class":69},[63,35085,74],{"class":73},[63,35087,418],{"class":417},[63,35089,74],{"class":73},[63,35091,7274],{"class":181},[63,35093,86],{"class":73},[63,35095,35096,35098,35100,35102,35104,35106],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,35097,70],{"class":69},[63,35099,74],{"class":73},[63,35101,33995],{"class":69},[63,35103,74],{"class":73},[63,35105,7274],{"class":181},[63,35107,86],{"class":73},[63,35109,35110,35112,35114,35116,35118,35120],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,35111,31774],{"class":69},[63,35113,74],{"class":73},[63,35115,7274],{"class":181},[63,35117,307],{"class":73},[63,35119,34101],{"class":24370},[63,35121,397],{"class":73},[20,35123,35124],{},"And for modules:",[54,35126,35127],{"className":56,"code":34706,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,35128,35129,35135,35139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35130,35131,35133],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35132,34713],{"class":3473},[63,35134,34716],{"class":382},[63,35136,35137],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35138,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,35140,35141,35143,35145,35147,35149,35151],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35142,70],{"class":69},[63,35144,74],{"class":73},[63,35146,33995],{"class":69},[63,35148,74],{"class":73},[63,35150,18036],{"class":181},[63,35152,86],{"class":73},[20,35154,35155],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[54,35157,35159],{"className":56,"code":35158,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35160,35161,35166,35178,35188,35202,35208],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35162,35163],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35164,35165],{"class":382},"python\n",[63,35167,35168,35170,35172,35174,35176],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35169,7484],{"class":382},[63,35171,386],{"class":270},[63,35173,1375],{"class":448},[63,35175,3441],{"class":452},[63,35177,1381],{"class":448},[63,35179,35180,35182,35184,35186],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35181,33995],{"class":69},[63,35183,74],{"class":73},[63,35185,7274],{"class":181},[63,35187,397],{"class":73},[63,35189,35190,35192,35194,35196,35198,35200],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,35191,31774],{"class":69},[63,35193,74],{"class":73},[63,35195,7274],{"class":181},[63,35197,307],{"class":73},[63,35199,34101],{"class":24370},[63,35201,397],{"class":73},[63,35203,35204,35206],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,35205,34713],{"class":3473},[63,35207,34716],{"class":382},[63,35209,35210,35212,35214,35216],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,35211,33995],{"class":69},[63,35213,74],{"class":73},[63,35215,18036],{"class":181},[63,35217,397],{"class":73},[49,35219,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,35221,4744,35223,4747],{"id":35222},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35224,33934],{},[20,35226,35227],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1193,35229,4781,35231,3993,35233,1506],{"id":35230},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35232,33934],{},[15,35234,34649],{},[20,35236,35237,35239,35240,35242],{},[15,35238,33934],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35241,34649],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1193,35244,35246,35247,35249],{"id":35245},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35248,33934],{}," output?",[20,35251,35252],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1193,35254,1482,35256,35258,35259,1506],{"id":35255},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35257,33934],{}," help fix ",[15,35260,25291],{},[20,35262,35263,35264,307],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[303,35265,35266],{"href":35042},"object has no attribute",[49,35268,1517],{"id":1516},[30,35270,35271,35277,35282,35286,35290],{},[33,35272,35273],{},[303,35274,13,35275,469],{"href":34646},[15,35276,34649],{},[33,35278,35279],{},[303,35280,35281],{"href":35042},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35283,35284],{},[303,35285,34773],{"href":34772},[33,35287,35288],{},[303,35289,34779],{"href":34778},[33,35291,35292],{},[303,35293,13,35294,469],{"href":34430},[15,35295,1911],{},[20,35297,35298,35299,35301,35302,35304],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35300,33934],{}," together with ",[15,35303,34649],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1542,35306,35307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":35309},[35310,35311,35313,35318,35323,35325,35326,35332,35337,35344,35345,35355],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":34111,"depth":89,"text":35312},"What dir() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":35314},[35315,35317],{"id":34164,"depth":254,"text":35316},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34220,"depth":254,"text":34006},{"id":34288,"depth":89,"text":35319,"children":35320},"Using dir() with a value",[35321,35322],{"id":34300,"depth":254,"text":34301},{"id":34359,"depth":254,"text":34360},{"id":34439,"depth":89,"text":35324},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34539,"depth":89,"text":34540},{"id":34685,"depth":89,"text":35327,"children":35328},"dir() on modules",[35329,35331],{"id":34699,"depth":254,"text":35330},"Example: math module",{"id":34782,"depth":254,"text":34783},{"id":34832,"depth":89,"text":35333,"children":35334},"dir() vs help()",[35335,35336],{"id":33995,"depth":254,"text":33934},{"id":31774,"depth":254,"text":34649},{"id":24976,"depth":89,"text":24977,"children":35338},[35339,35341,35342,35343],{"id":34938,"depth":254,"text":35340},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34959,"depth":254,"text":34960},{"id":34969,"depth":254,"text":34970},{"id":34999,"depth":254,"text":35000},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":35346},[35347,35349,35351,35353],{"id":35222,"depth":254,"text":35348},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35230,"depth":254,"text":35350},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35245,"depth":254,"text":35352},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35255,"depth":254,"text":35354},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33926,"description":35356},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35363,"title":35364,"body":35365,"description":37185,"extension":1580,"meta":37186,"navigation":579,"path":37187,"seo":37188,"stem":37189,"__hash__":37190},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35366,"toc":37154},[35367,35373,35378,35381,35389,35395,35397,35477,35479,35505,35510,35515,35520,35523,35534,35537,35539,35618,35620,35646,35653,35655,35657,35682,35685,35698,35703,35705,35786,35788,35814,35823,35828,35836,35842,35849,35852,35854,35933,35936,35993,35995,36032,36038,36043,36048,36051,36065,36067,36170,36172,36215,36224,36234,36241,36247,36254,36337,36339,36362,36365,36368,36370,36374,36378,36381,36444,36467,36470,36474,36480,36482,36549,36552,36629,36634,36640,36643,36646,36692,36694,36718,36723,36727,36732,36738,36801,36804,36806,36809,36834,36837,36972,36974,37075,37077,37082,37085,37091,37101,37109,37114,37120,37126,37128,37151],[10,35368,13,35370,18],{"id":35369},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35371,35372],{},"enumerate()",[20,35374,35375,35377],{},[15,35376,35372],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35379,35380],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35382,35383,35386],{},[33,35384,35385],{},"the item itself",[33,35387,35388],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35390,35391,35392,35394],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35393,35372],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[49,35396,52],{"id":51},[54,35398,35400],{"className":56,"code":35399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35401,35402,35434,35438,35461],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35403,35404,35406,35408,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418,35420,35422,35424,35426,35428,35430,35432],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35405,12692],{"class":382},[63,35407,386],{"class":270},[63,35409,3216],{"class":73},[63,35411,2455],{"class":448},[63,35413,12709],{"class":452},[63,35415,2455],{"class":448},[63,35417,102],{"class":73},[63,35419,1375],{"class":448},[63,35421,17074],{"class":452},[63,35423,2455],{"class":448},[63,35425,102],{"class":73},[63,35427,1375],{"class":448},[63,35429,12726],{"class":452},[63,35431,2455],{"class":448},[63,35433,3229],{"class":73},[63,35435,35436],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35437,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,35439,35440,35442,35445,35447,35450,35452,35455,35457,35459],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35441,5560],{"class":3473},[63,35443,35444],{"class":382}," index",[63,35446,102],{"class":73},[63,35448,35449],{"class":382}," color ",[63,35451,3480],{"class":3473},[63,35453,35454],{"class":69}," enumerate",[63,35456,74],{"class":73},[63,35458,17121],{"class":181},[63,35460,7951],{"class":73},[63,35462,35463,35465,35467,35470,35472,35475],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,35464,7677],{"class":69},[63,35466,74],{"class":73},[63,35468,35469],{"class":181},"index",[63,35471,102],{"class":73},[63,35473,35474],{"class":181}," color",[63,35476,397],{"class":73},[20,35478,110],{},[54,35480,35482],{"className":56,"code":35481,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35483,35484,35491,35498],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35485,35486,35488],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35487,1734],{"class":82},[63,35489,35490],{"class":382}," red\n",[63,35492,35493,35495],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35494,674],{"class":82},[63,35496,35497],{"class":382}," green\n",[63,35499,35500,35502],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35501,274],{"class":82},[63,35503,35504],{"class":382}," blue\n",[20,35506,128,35507,35509],{},[15,35508,35372],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[49,35511,138,35513,141],{"id":35512},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35514,35372],{},[20,35516,35517,35519],{},[15,35518,35372],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35521,35522],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35524,35525,35527,35529,35531],{},[33,35526,4902],{},[33,35528,4905],{},[33,35530,4911],{},[33,35532,35533],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35535,35536],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35538,1820],{},[54,35540,35542],{"className":56,"code":35541,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35543,35544,35578,35582,35603],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35545,35546,35548,35550,35552,35554,35556,35558,35560,35562,35565,35567,35569,35571,35574,35576],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35547,4596],{"class":382},[63,35549,386],{"class":270},[63,35551,3216],{"class":73},[63,35553,2455],{"class":448},[63,35555,12496],{"class":452},[63,35557,2455],{"class":448},[63,35559,102],{"class":73},[63,35561,1375],{"class":448},[63,35563,35564],{"class":452},"Ben",[63,35566,2455],{"class":448},[63,35568,102],{"class":73},[63,35570,1375],{"class":448},[63,35572,35573],{"class":452},"Cara",[63,35575,2455],{"class":448},[63,35577,3229],{"class":73},[63,35579,35580],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35581,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,35583,35584,35586,35588,35590,35593,35595,35597,35599,35601],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35585,5560],{"class":3473},[63,35587,35444],{"class":382},[63,35589,102],{"class":73},[63,35591,35592],{"class":382}," name ",[63,35594,3480],{"class":3473},[63,35596,35454],{"class":69},[63,35598,74],{"class":73},[63,35600,4640],{"class":181},[63,35602,7951],{"class":73},[63,35604,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613,35616],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,35606,7677],{"class":69},[63,35608,74],{"class":73},[63,35610,35469],{"class":181},[63,35612,102],{"class":73},[63,35614,35615],{"class":181}," name",[63,35617,397],{"class":73},[20,35619,110],{},[54,35621,35623],{"className":56,"code":35622,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35624,35625,35632,35639],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35626,35627,35629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35628,1734],{"class":82},[63,35630,35631],{"class":382}," Ana\n",[63,35633,35634,35636],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35635,674],{"class":82},[63,35637,35638],{"class":382}," Ben\n",[63,35640,35641,35643],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35642,274],{"class":82},[63,35644,35645],{"class":382}," Cara\n",[20,35647,35648,35649,307],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[303,35650,35652],{"href":35651},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[49,35654,164],{"id":163},[20,35656,167],{},[54,35658,35660],{"className":56,"code":35659,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35661,35662],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35663,35664,35667,35669,35671,35673,35676,35678,35680],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35665,35666],{"class":69},"enumerate",[63,35668,74],{"class":73},[63,35670,3315],{"class":181},[63,35672,102],{"class":73},[63,35674,35675],{"class":8785}," start",[63,35677,386],{"class":270},[63,35679,1734],{"class":82},[63,35681,397],{"class":73},[20,35683,35684],{},"It has two parts:",[30,35686,35687,35692],{},[33,35688,35689,35691],{},[15,35690,3315],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,35693,35694,35697],{},[15,35695,35696],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35699,35700,35701,307],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35702,1734],{},[20,35704,1820],{},[54,35706,35708],{"className":56,"code":35707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35709,35710,35743,35747,35770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35711,35712,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723,35725,35727,35729,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35713,35714],{"class":382},"letters ",[63,35716,386],{"class":270},[63,35718,3216],{"class":73},[63,35720,2455],{"class":448},[63,35722,303],{"class":452},[63,35724,2455],{"class":448},[63,35726,102],{"class":73},[63,35728,1375],{"class":448},[63,35730,4362],{"class":452},[63,35732,2455],{"class":448},[63,35734,102],{"class":73},[63,35736,1375],{"class":448},[63,35738,9350],{"class":452},[63,35740,2455],{"class":448},[63,35742,3229],{"class":73},[63,35744,35745],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35746,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,35748,35749,35751,35754,35756,35759,35761,35763,35765,35768],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35750,5560],{"class":3473},[63,35752,35753],{"class":382}," i",[63,35755,102],{"class":73},[63,35757,35758],{"class":382}," letter ",[63,35760,3480],{"class":3473},[63,35762,35454],{"class":69},[63,35764,74],{"class":73},[63,35766,35767],{"class":181},"letters",[63,35769,7951],{"class":73},[63,35771,35772,35774,35776,35779,35781,35784],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,35773,7677],{"class":69},[63,35775,74],{"class":73},[63,35777,35778],{"class":181},"i",[63,35780,102],{"class":73},[63,35782,35783],{"class":181}," letter",[63,35785,397],{"class":73},[20,35787,110],{},[54,35789,35791],{"className":56,"code":35790,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35792,35793,35800,35807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35794,35795,35797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35796,1734],{"class":82},[63,35798,35799],{"class":382}," a\n",[63,35801,35802,35804],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35803,674],{"class":82},[63,35805,35806],{"class":382}," b\n",[63,35808,35809,35811],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35810,274],{"class":82},[63,35812,35813],{"class":382}," c\n",[20,35815,35816,35817,307],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[303,35818,13,35820,469],{"href":35819},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35821,35822],{},"range()",[49,35824,138,35826,11320],{"id":35825},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35827,35372],{},[20,35829,35830,35832,35833,307],{},[15,35831,35372],{}," returns an ",[833,35834,35835],{},"enumerate object",[20,35837,35838,35839,35841],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35840,5560],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,35843,35844],{},[33,35845,35846],{},[15,35847,35848],{},"(index, item)",[20,35850,35851],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35853,1820],{},[54,35855,35857],{"className":56,"code":35856,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35858,35859,35892,35896,35918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35860,35861,35864,35866,35868,35870,35872,35874,35876,35878,35880,35882,35884,35886,35888,35890],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35862,35863],{"class":382},"fruits ",[63,35865,386],{"class":270},[63,35867,3216],{"class":73},[63,35869,2455],{"class":448},[63,35871,3677],{"class":452},[63,35873,2455],{"class":448},[63,35875,102],{"class":73},[63,35877,1375],{"class":448},[63,35879,3686],{"class":452},[63,35881,2455],{"class":448},[63,35883,102],{"class":73},[63,35885,1375],{"class":448},[63,35887,32843],{"class":452},[63,35889,2455],{"class":448},[63,35891,3229],{"class":73},[63,35893,35894],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35895,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,35897,35898,35900,35902,35904,35907,35909,35911,35913,35916],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35899,5560],{"class":3473},[63,35901,35444],{"class":382},[63,35903,102],{"class":73},[63,35905,35906],{"class":382}," fruit ",[63,35908,3480],{"class":3473},[63,35910,35454],{"class":69},[63,35912,74],{"class":73},[63,35914,35915],{"class":181},"fruits",[63,35917,7951],{"class":73},[63,35919,35920,35922,35924,35926,35928,35931],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,35921,7677],{"class":69},[63,35923,74],{"class":73},[63,35925,35469],{"class":181},[63,35927,102],{"class":73},[63,35929,35930],{"class":181}," fruit",[63,35932,397],{"class":73},[20,35934,35935],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[54,35937,35939],{"className":56,"code":35938,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35940,35941,35961,35965,35983],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35942,35943,35945,35947,35949,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35944,3211],{"class":382},[63,35946,386],{"class":270},[63,35948,3216],{"class":73},[63,35950,1940],{"class":82},[63,35952,102],{"class":73},[63,35954,7397],{"class":82},[63,35956,102],{"class":73},[63,35958,7402],{"class":82},[63,35960,3229],{"class":73},[63,35962,35963],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,35964,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,35966,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,35968,383],{"class":382},[63,35970,386],{"class":270},[63,35972,22180],{"class":417},[63,35974,74],{"class":73},[63,35976,35666],{"class":69},[63,35978,74],{"class":73},[63,35980,3243],{"class":181},[63,35982,86],{"class":73},[63,35984,35985,35987,35989,35991],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,35986,70],{"class":69},[63,35988,74],{"class":73},[63,35990,406],{"class":181},[63,35992,397],{"class":73},[20,35994,110],{},[54,35996,35998],{"className":56,"code":35997,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35999,36000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36001,36002,36004,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36003,21360],{"class":73},[63,36005,1734],{"class":82},[63,36007,102],{"class":73},[63,36009,5607],{"class":82},[63,36011,8843],{"class":73},[63,36013,8846],{"class":73},[63,36015,674],{"class":82},[63,36017,102],{"class":73},[63,36019,7397],{"class":82},[63,36021,8843],{"class":73},[63,36023,8846],{"class":73},[63,36025,274],{"class":82},[63,36027,102],{"class":73},[63,36029,7402],{"class":82},[63,36031,8859],{"class":73},[20,36033,36034,36035,36037],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36036,35372],{}," produces.",[49,36039,1114,36041],{"id":36040},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36042,35372],{},[20,36044,128,36045,36047],{},[15,36046,35372],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36049,36050],{},"Common cases:",[30,36052,36053,36056,36059,36062],{},[33,36054,36055],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36057,36058],{},"building menus",[33,36060,36061],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36063,36064],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36066,1820],{},[54,36068,36070],{"className":56,"code":36069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36071,36072,36107,36111,36141],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36073,36074,36076,36078,36080,36082,36085,36087,36089,36091,36094,36096,36098,36100,36103,36105],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36075,29518],{"class":382},[63,36077,386],{"class":270},[63,36079,3216],{"class":73},[63,36081,2455],{"class":448},[63,36083,36084],{"class":452},"Wash dishes",[63,36086,2455],{"class":448},[63,36088,102],{"class":73},[63,36090,1375],{"class":448},[63,36092,36093],{"class":452},"Study Python",[63,36095,2455],{"class":448},[63,36097,102],{"class":73},[63,36099,1375],{"class":448},[63,36101,36102],{"class":452},"Go for a walk",[63,36104,2455],{"class":448},[63,36106,3229],{"class":73},[63,36108,36109],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36110,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,36112,36113,36115,36117,36119,36122,36124,36126,36128,36131,36133,36135,36137,36139],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36114,5560],{"class":3473},[63,36116,1809],{"class":382},[63,36118,102],{"class":73},[63,36120,36121],{"class":382}," task ",[63,36123,3480],{"class":3473},[63,36125,35454],{"class":69},[63,36127,74],{"class":73},[63,36129,36130],{"class":181},"tasks",[63,36132,102],{"class":73},[63,36134,35675],{"class":8785},[63,36136,386],{"class":270},[63,36138,674],{"class":82},[63,36140,7951],{"class":73},[63,36142,36143,36145,36147,36149,36151,36153,36155,36157,36159,36161,36164,36166,36168],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,36144,7677],{"class":69},[63,36146,74],{"class":73},[63,36148,21914],{"class":444},[63,36150,2455],{"class":452},[63,36152,8888],{"class":82},[63,36154,182],{"class":181},[63,36156,21923],{"class":82},[63,36158,27934],{"class":452},[63,36160,8888],{"class":82},[63,36162,36163],{"class":181},"task",[63,36165,21923],{"class":82},[63,36167,2455],{"class":452},[63,36169,397],{"class":73},[20,36171,110],{},[54,36173,36175],{"className":56,"code":36174,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36176,36177,36189,36201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36178,36179,36181,36183,36186],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36180,674],{"class":82},[63,36182,307],{"class":73},[63,36184,36185],{"class":24370}," Wash",[63,36187,36188],{"class":382}," dishes\n",[63,36190,36191,36193,36195,36198],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36192,274],{"class":82},[63,36194,307],{"class":73},[63,36196,36197],{"class":24370}," Study",[63,36199,36200],{"class":382}," Python\n",[63,36202,36203,36205,36207,36210,36212],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36204,715],{"class":82},[63,36206,307],{"class":73},[63,36208,36209],{"class":24370}," Go",[63,36211,3474],{"class":3473},[63,36213,36214],{"class":382}," a walk\n",[20,36216,36217,36218,36220,36221,307],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36219,35372],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36222,36223],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36225,36226,36227,307],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[303,36228,36230,36231,36233],{"href":36229},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36232,35372],{}," in Python",[49,36235,36237,36238,36240],{"id":36236},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36239,35696],{}," argument",[20,36242,36243,36244,36246],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36245,35696],{}," argument.",[20,36248,36249,36250,10704,36252,2482],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36251,674],{},[15,36253,1734],{},[54,36255,36257],{"className":56,"code":36256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36258,36259,36291,36295,36323],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36260,36261,36263,36265,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36262,12692],{"class":382},[63,36264,386],{"class":270},[63,36266,3216],{"class":73},[63,36268,2455],{"class":448},[63,36270,12709],{"class":452},[63,36272,2455],{"class":448},[63,36274,102],{"class":73},[63,36276,1375],{"class":448},[63,36278,17074],{"class":452},[63,36280,2455],{"class":448},[63,36282,102],{"class":73},[63,36284,1375],{"class":448},[63,36286,12726],{"class":452},[63,36288,2455],{"class":448},[63,36290,3229],{"class":73},[63,36292,36293],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36294,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,36296,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36298,5560],{"class":3473},[63,36300,35444],{"class":382},[63,36302,102],{"class":73},[63,36304,35449],{"class":382},[63,36306,3480],{"class":3473},[63,36308,35454],{"class":69},[63,36310,74],{"class":73},[63,36312,17121],{"class":181},[63,36314,102],{"class":73},[63,36316,35675],{"class":8785},[63,36318,386],{"class":270},[63,36320,674],{"class":82},[63,36322,7951],{"class":73},[63,36324,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,36326,7677],{"class":69},[63,36328,74],{"class":73},[63,36330,35469],{"class":181},[63,36332,102],{"class":73},[63,36334,35474],{"class":181},[63,36336,397],{"class":73},[20,36338,110],{},[54,36340,36342],{"className":56,"code":36341,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36343,36344,36350,36356],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36345,36346,36348],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36347,674],{"class":82},[63,36349,35490],{"class":382},[63,36351,36352,36354],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36353,274],{"class":82},[63,36355,35497],{"class":382},[63,36357,36358,36360],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36359,715],{"class":82},[63,36361,35504],{"class":382},[20,36363,36364],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36366,36367],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[49,36369,24977],{"id":24976},[20,36371,24980,36372,307],{},[15,36373,35372],{},[1193,36375,36377],{"id":36376},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36379,36380],{},"In this loop:",[54,36382,36384],{"className":56,"code":36383,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36385,36386,36406,36410,36430],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36387,36388,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398,36400,36402,36404],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36389,3211],{"class":382},[63,36391,386],{"class":270},[63,36393,3216],{"class":73},[63,36395,1940],{"class":82},[63,36397,102],{"class":73},[63,36399,7397],{"class":82},[63,36401,102],{"class":73},[63,36403,7402],{"class":82},[63,36405,3229],{"class":73},[63,36407,36408],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36409,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,36411,36412,36414,36416,36418,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36413,5560],{"class":3473},[63,36415,35444],{"class":382},[63,36417,102],{"class":73},[63,36419,21204],{"class":382},[63,36421,3480],{"class":3473},[63,36423,35454],{"class":69},[63,36425,74],{"class":73},[63,36427,3243],{"class":181},[63,36429,7951],{"class":73},[63,36431,36432,36434,36436,36438,36440,36442],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,36433,7677],{"class":69},[63,36435,74],{"class":73},[63,36437,35469],{"class":181},[63,36439,102],{"class":73},[63,36441,8042],{"class":181},[63,36443,397],{"class":73},[30,36445,36446,36456],{},[33,36447,36448,4385,36450,1801,36452,1801,36454],{},[15,36449,35469],{},[15,36451,1734],{},[15,36453,674],{},[15,36455,274],{},[33,36457,36458,4385,36460,1801,36462,1801,36464],{},[15,36459,1002],{},[15,36461,1940],{},[15,36463,15373],{},[15,36465,36466],{},"30",[20,36468,36469],{},"These are different things.",[1193,36471,36473],{"id":36472},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36475,36476,36477,36479],{},"Each item from ",[15,36478,35372],{}," is a pair.",[20,36481,6292],{},[54,36483,36485],{"className":56,"code":36484,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36486,36487,36511,36515,36535],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36488,36489,36491,36493,36495,36497,36499,36501,36503,36505,36507,36509],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36490,7386],{"class":382},[63,36492,386],{"class":270},[63,36494,3216],{"class":73},[63,36496,2455],{"class":448},[63,36498,1786],{"class":452},[63,36500,2455],{"class":448},[63,36502,102],{"class":73},[63,36504,1375],{"class":448},[63,36506,11360],{"class":452},[63,36508,2455],{"class":448},[63,36510,3229],{"class":73},[63,36512,36513],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36514,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,36516,36517,36519,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36518,5560],{"class":3473},[63,36520,35753],{"class":382},[63,36522,102],{"class":73},[63,36524,5563],{"class":382},[63,36526,3480],{"class":3473},[63,36528,35454],{"class":69},[63,36530,74],{"class":73},[63,36532,7417],{"class":181},[63,36534,7951],{"class":73},[63,36536,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,36538,7677],{"class":69},[63,36540,74],{"class":73},[63,36542,35778],{"class":181},[63,36544,102],{"class":73},[63,36546,29127],{"class":181},[63,36548,397],{"class":73},[20,36550,36551],{},"But this causes an error:",[54,36553,36555],{"className":56,"code":36554,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36556,36557,36581,36585,36610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36558,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36560,7386],{"class":382},[63,36562,386],{"class":270},[63,36564,3216],{"class":73},[63,36566,2455],{"class":448},[63,36568,1786],{"class":452},[63,36570,2455],{"class":448},[63,36572,102],{"class":73},[63,36574,1375],{"class":448},[63,36576,11360],{"class":452},[63,36578,2455],{"class":448},[63,36580,3229],{"class":73},[63,36582,36583],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36584,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,36586,36587,36589,36591,36593,36595,36597,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36588,5560],{"class":3473},[63,36590,35753],{"class":382},[63,36592,102],{"class":73},[63,36594,29127],{"class":382},[63,36596,102],{"class":73},[63,36598,36599],{"class":382}," extra ",[63,36601,3480],{"class":3473},[63,36603,35454],{"class":69},[63,36605,74],{"class":73},[63,36607,7417],{"class":181},[63,36609,7951],{"class":73},[63,36611,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36627],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,36613,7677],{"class":69},[63,36615,74],{"class":73},[63,36617,35778],{"class":181},[63,36619,102],{"class":73},[63,36621,29127],{"class":181},[63,36623,102],{"class":73},[63,36625,36626],{"class":181}," extra",[63,36628,397],{"class":73},[20,36630,28681,36631,36633],{},[15,36632,35372],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1193,36635,36637,36639],{"id":36636},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36638,35372],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36641,36642],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36644,36645],{},"Example with a string:",[54,36647,36649],{"className":56,"code":36648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36650,36651,36677],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36652,36653,36655,36657,36659,36662,36664,36666,36668,36670,36673,36675],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36654,5560],{"class":3473},[63,36656,35444],{"class":382},[63,36658,102],{"class":73},[63,36660,36661],{"class":382}," char ",[63,36663,3480],{"class":3473},[63,36665,35454],{"class":69},[63,36667,74],{"class":73},[63,36669,2455],{"class":448},[63,36671,36672],{"class":452},"cat",[63,36674,2455],{"class":448},[63,36676,7951],{"class":73},[63,36678,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36690],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36680,7677],{"class":69},[63,36682,74],{"class":73},[63,36684,35469],{"class":181},[63,36686,102],{"class":73},[63,36688,36689],{"class":181}," char",[63,36691,397],{"class":73},[20,36693,110],{},[54,36695,36697],{"className":56,"code":36696,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36698,36699,36705,36711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36700,36701,36703],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36702,1734],{"class":82},[63,36704,35813],{"class":382},[63,36706,36707,36709],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36708,674],{"class":82},[63,36710,35799],{"class":382},[63,36712,36713,36715],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36714,274],{"class":82},[63,36716,36717],{"class":382}," t\n",[20,36719,36720,36721,307],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[303,36722,4738],{"href":5188},[1193,36724,36726],{"id":36725},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36728,36729,36730,307],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36731,35372],{},[20,36733,36734,36735,36737],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36736,5560],{}," loop:",[54,36739,36741],{"className":56,"code":36740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36742,36743,36775,36779,36791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36744,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36746,12692],{"class":382},[63,36748,386],{"class":270},[63,36750,3216],{"class":73},[63,36752,2455],{"class":448},[63,36754,12709],{"class":452},[63,36756,2455],{"class":448},[63,36758,102],{"class":73},[63,36760,1375],{"class":448},[63,36762,17074],{"class":452},[63,36764,2455],{"class":448},[63,36766,102],{"class":73},[63,36768,1375],{"class":448},[63,36770,12726],{"class":452},[63,36772,2455],{"class":448},[63,36774,3229],{"class":73},[63,36776,36777],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36778,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,36780,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36782,5560],{"class":3473},[63,36784,35449],{"class":382},[63,36786,3480],{"class":3473},[63,36788,12740],{"class":382},[63,36790,5996],{"class":73},[63,36792,36793,36795,36797,36799],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,36794,7677],{"class":69},[63,36796,74],{"class":73},[63,36798,32513],{"class":181},[63,36800,397],{"class":73},[20,36802,36803],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[49,36805,1186],{"id":1185},[20,36807,36808],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,36810,36811,36816,36822,36827],{},[33,36812,22720,36813,36815],{},[15,36814,35372],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,36817,36818,36819,36821],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36820,1734],{}," by default",[33,36823,311,36824,36826],{},[15,36825,35372],{}," when only values are needed",[33,36828,36829,36830,8314,36832],{},"Confusing ",[15,36831,35372],{},[15,36833,35822],{},[20,36835,36836],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[54,36838,36840],{"className":56,"code":36839,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36841,36842,36864,36891,36925,36958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36843,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36845,70],{"class":69},[63,36847,74],{"class":73},[63,36849,35666],{"class":69},[63,36851,2583],{"class":73},[63,36853,1940],{"class":82},[63,36855,102],{"class":73},[63,36857,7397],{"class":82},[63,36859,102],{"class":73},[63,36861,7402],{"class":82},[63,36863,2596],{"class":73},[63,36865,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,36867,70],{"class":69},[63,36869,74],{"class":73},[63,36871,7702],{"class":417},[63,36873,74],{"class":73},[63,36875,35666],{"class":69},[63,36877,2583],{"class":73},[63,36879,1940],{"class":82},[63,36881,102],{"class":73},[63,36883,7397],{"class":82},[63,36885,102],{"class":73},[63,36887,7402],{"class":82},[63,36889,36890],{"class":73},"])))\n",[63,36892,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,36894,70],{"class":69},[63,36896,74],{"class":73},[63,36898,7702],{"class":417},[63,36900,74],{"class":73},[63,36902,35666],{"class":69},[63,36904,2583],{"class":73},[63,36906,1940],{"class":82},[63,36908,102],{"class":73},[63,36910,7397],{"class":82},[63,36912,102],{"class":73},[63,36914,7402],{"class":82},[63,36916,17681],{"class":73},[63,36918,35675],{"class":8785},[63,36920,386],{"class":270},[63,36922,674],{"class":82},[63,36924,2510],{"class":73},[63,36926,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,36928,5560],{"class":3473},[63,36930,35753],{"class":382},[63,36932,102],{"class":73},[63,36934,21204],{"class":382},[63,36936,3480],{"class":3473},[63,36938,35454],{"class":69},[63,36940,2583],{"class":73},[63,36942,456],{"class":448},[63,36944,303],{"class":452},[63,36946,456],{"class":448},[63,36948,102],{"class":73},[63,36950,449],{"class":448},[63,36952,4362],{"class":452},[63,36954,456],{"class":448},[63,36956,36957],{"class":73},"]):\n",[63,36959,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,36961,7677],{"class":69},[63,36963,74],{"class":73},[63,36965,35778],{"class":181},[63,36967,102],{"class":73},[63,36969,8042],{"class":181},[63,36971,397],{"class":73},[20,36973,16577],{},[54,36975,36977],{"className":56,"code":36976,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36978,36979,36999,37031,37063,37069],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36980,36981,36983,36985,36987,36990,36994,36997],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36982,441],{"class":270},[63,36984,35666],{"class":69},[63,36986,24237],{"class":417},[63,36988,36989],{"class":382}," at ",[63,36991,36993],{"class":36992},"srjyR","0x",[63,36995,36996],{"class":34076},"...",[63,36998,459],{"class":270},[63,37000,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37002,21360],{"class":73},[63,37004,1734],{"class":82},[63,37006,102],{"class":73},[63,37008,5607],{"class":82},[63,37010,8843],{"class":73},[63,37012,8846],{"class":73},[63,37014,674],{"class":82},[63,37016,102],{"class":73},[63,37018,7397],{"class":82},[63,37020,8843],{"class":73},[63,37022,8846],{"class":73},[63,37024,274],{"class":82},[63,37026,102],{"class":73},[63,37028,7402],{"class":82},[63,37030,8859],{"class":73},[63,37032,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,37034,21360],{"class":73},[63,37036,674],{"class":82},[63,37038,102],{"class":73},[63,37040,5607],{"class":82},[63,37042,8843],{"class":73},[63,37044,8846],{"class":73},[63,37046,274],{"class":82},[63,37048,102],{"class":73},[63,37050,7397],{"class":82},[63,37052,8843],{"class":73},[63,37054,8846],{"class":73},[63,37056,715],{"class":82},[63,37058,102],{"class":73},[63,37060,7402],{"class":82},[63,37062,8859],{"class":73},[63,37064,37065,37067],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,37066,1734],{"class":82},[63,37068,35799],{"class":382},[63,37070,37071,37073],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,37072,674],{"class":82},[63,37074,35806],{"class":382},[49,37076,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,37078,4744,37080,4747],{"id":37079},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37081,35372],{},[20,37083,37084],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1193,37086,1459,37088,37090],{"id":37087},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37089,35372],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37092,37093,37094,37096,37097,37100],{},"It starts at ",[15,37095,1734],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37098,37099],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1193,37102,21040,37104,10704,37106,1506],{"id":37103},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37105,35372],{},[15,37107,37108],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37110,36217,37111,37113],{},[15,37112,35372],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1193,37115,1482,37117,37119],{"id":37116},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37118,35372],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37121,37122,37123,37125],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37124,35372],{}," can return each character with its index.",[49,37127,1517],{"id":1516},[30,37129,37130,37134,37140,37147],{},[33,37131,37132],{},[303,37133,35652],{"href":35651},[33,37135,37136],{},[303,37137,13,37138,469],{"href":35819},[15,37139,35822],{},[33,37141,37142],{},[303,37143,37144,37145,36233],{"href":36229},"How to use ",[15,37146,35372],{},[33,37148,37149],{},[303,37150,4818],{"href":5188},[1542,37152,37153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":37155},[37156,37157,37159,37160,37162,37164,37166,37173,37174,37184],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":35512,"depth":89,"text":37158},"What enumerate() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":35825,"depth":89,"text":37161},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36040,"depth":89,"text":37163},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36236,"depth":89,"text":37165},"Using the start argument",{"id":24976,"depth":89,"text":24977,"children":37167},[37168,37169,37170,37172],{"id":36376,"depth":254,"text":36377},{"id":36472,"depth":254,"text":36473},{"id":36636,"depth":254,"text":37171},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36725,"depth":254,"text":36726},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":37175},[37176,37178,37180,37182],{"id":37079,"depth":254,"text":37177},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37087,"depth":254,"text":37179},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37103,"depth":254,"text":37181},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37116,"depth":254,"text":37183},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35364,"description":37185},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37192,"title":37193,"body":37194,"description":39710,"extension":1580,"meta":39711,"navigation":579,"path":39712,"seo":39713,"stem":39714,"__hash__":39715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37195,"toc":39667},[37196,37202,37207,37210,37218,37232,37234,37325,37333,37338,37343,37345,37361,37363,37442,37444,37461,37467,37471,37473,37494,37498,37501,37513,37517,37520,37523,37540,37543,37619,37621,37638,37643,37647,37655,37658,37673,37675,37764,37766,37811,37814,37818,37821,37900,37902,37924,37927,37934,37939,37942,38045,38047,38072,38075,38082,38088,38093,38096,38107,38213,38215,38236,38244,38251,38257,38276,38281,38284,38303,38305,38390,38392,38421,38424,38429,38434,38437,38448,38450,38539,38541,38561,38567,38673,38675,38695,38698,38782,38784,38804,38811,38813,38817,38823,38826,38883,38886,38889,38950,38959,38962,38965,38993,38996,39056,39058,39075,39079,39082,39160,39162,39182,39185,39260,39264,39267,39269,39278,39283,39285,39336,39344,39356,39361,39422,39424,39441,39445,39508,39510,39535,39543,39545,39551,39557,39564,39572,39578,39581,39588,39598,39604,39610,39613,39630,39636,39638,39664],[10,37197,13,37199,18],{"id":37198},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37200,37201],{},"filter()",[20,37203,37204,37206],{},[15,37205,37201],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37208,37209],{},"It takes:",[30,37211,37212,37215],{},[33,37213,37214],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37216,37217],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37219,37220,37221,37224,37225,37228,37229,37231],{},"The result is ",[833,37222,37223],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37226,37227],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37230,24401],{}," to see the values.",[49,37233,52],{"id":51},[54,37235,37237],{"className":56,"code":37236,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37238,37239,37272,37308],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37240,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37270],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37242,3211],{"class":382},[63,37244,386],{"class":270},[63,37246,3216],{"class":73},[63,37248,674],{"class":82},[63,37250,102],{"class":73},[63,37252,105],{"class":82},[63,37254,102],{"class":73},[63,37256,518],{"class":82},[63,37258,102],{"class":73},[63,37260,2061],{"class":82},[63,37262,102],{"class":73},[63,37264,4206],{"class":82},[63,37266,102],{"class":73},[63,37268,37269],{"class":82}," 6",[63,37271,3229],{"class":73},[63,37273,37274,37276,37278,37281,37283,37286,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37275,383],{"class":382},[63,37277,386],{"class":270},[63,37279,37280],{"class":69}," filter",[63,37282,74],{"class":73},[63,37284,37285],{"class":444},"lambda",[63,37287,37289],{"class":37288},"sFwrP"," x",[63,37291,2482],{"class":73},[63,37293,3477],{"class":181},[63,37295,6006],{"class":270},[63,37297,105],{"class":82},[63,37299,6011],{"class":270},[63,37301,3429],{"class":82},[63,37303,102],{"class":73},[63,37305,3862],{"class":181},[63,37307,397],{"class":73},[63,37309,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,37311,70],{"class":69},[63,37313,74],{"class":73},[63,37315,7702],{"class":417},[63,37317,74],{"class":73},[63,37319,406],{"class":181},[63,37321,4964],{"class":73},[63,37323,37324],{"class":1357},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37326,37327,37329,37330,37332],{},[15,37328,37201],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37331,24401],{}," to see the results.",[49,37334,138,37336,141],{"id":37335},"what-filter-does",[15,37337,37201],{},[20,37339,37340,37342],{},[15,37341,37201],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37344,1721],{},[30,37346,37347,37350,37356],{},[33,37348,37349],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37351,37352,37353,37355],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37354,3196],{},", the item is kept",[33,37357,37352,37358,37360],{},[15,37359,3269],{},", the item is removed",[20,37362,1820],{},[54,37364,37366],{"className":56,"code":37365,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37367,37368,37396,37400,37428],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37369,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37371,3211],{"class":382},[63,37373,386],{"class":270},[63,37375,3216],{"class":73},[63,37377,674],{"class":82},[63,37379,102],{"class":73},[63,37381,105],{"class":82},[63,37383,102],{"class":73},[63,37385,518],{"class":82},[63,37387,102],{"class":73},[63,37389,2061],{"class":82},[63,37391,102],{"class":73},[63,37393,4206],{"class":82},[63,37395,3229],{"class":73},[63,37397,37398],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37399,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,37401,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,37403,383],{"class":382},[63,37405,386],{"class":270},[63,37407,37280],{"class":69},[63,37409,74],{"class":73},[63,37411,37285],{"class":444},[63,37413,37289],{"class":37288},[63,37415,2482],{"class":73},[63,37417,3477],{"class":181},[63,37419,3851],{"class":270},[63,37421,518],{"class":82},[63,37423,102],{"class":73},[63,37425,3862],{"class":181},[63,37427,397],{"class":73},[63,37429,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,37431,70],{"class":69},[63,37433,74],{"class":73},[63,37435,7702],{"class":417},[63,37437,74],{"class":73},[63,37439,406],{"class":181},[63,37441,86],{"class":73},[20,37443,110],{},[54,37445,37447],{"className":56,"code":37446,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37448,37449],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37450,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37452,3497],{"class":73},[63,37454,952],{"class":82},[63,37456,102],{"class":73},[63,37458,4206],{"class":82},[63,37460,3229],{"class":73},[20,37462,37463,37464,37466],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37465,715],{}," are kept.",[49,37468,37470],{"id":37469},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37472,167],{},[54,37474,37476],{"className":56,"code":37475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37477,37478],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37479,37480,37482,37484,37487,37489,37492],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37481,37227],{"class":69},[63,37483,74],{"class":73},[63,37485,37486],{"class":181},"function",[63,37488,102],{"class":73},[63,37490,37491],{"class":181}," iterable",[63,37493,397],{"class":73},[1193,37495,37496],{"id":37486},[15,37497,37486],{},[20,37499,37500],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37502,37503,37506],{},[33,37504,37505],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37507,37508,37509,632,37511],{},"It should return ",[15,37510,3196],{},[15,37512,3269],{},[1193,37514,37515],{"id":3315},[15,37516,3315],{},[20,37518,37519],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37521,37522],{},"It can be:",[30,37524,37525,37528,37531,37534,37537],{},[33,37526,37527],{},"a list",[33,37529,37530],{},"a tuple",[33,37532,37533],{},"a string",[33,37535,37536],{},"a set",[33,37538,37539],{},"another iterable object",[20,37541,37542],{},"Example with a tuple:",[54,37544,37546],{"className":56,"code":37545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37547,37548,37573,37577,37605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37549,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37551,3211],{"class":382},[63,37553,386],{"class":270},[63,37555,8846],{"class":73},[63,37557,1940],{"class":82},[63,37559,102],{"class":73},[63,37561,37562],{"class":82}," 15",[63,37564,102],{"class":73},[63,37566,7397],{"class":82},[63,37568,102],{"class":73},[63,37570,8916],{"class":82},[63,37572,397],{"class":73},[63,37574,37575],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37576,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,37578,37579,37581,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,37580,383],{"class":382},[63,37582,386],{"class":270},[63,37584,37280],{"class":69},[63,37586,74],{"class":73},[63,37588,37285],{"class":444},[63,37590,37289],{"class":37288},[63,37592,2482],{"class":73},[63,37594,3477],{"class":181},[63,37596,4700],{"class":270},[63,37598,7397],{"class":82},[63,37600,102],{"class":73},[63,37602,3862],{"class":181},[63,37604,397],{"class":73},[63,37606,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,37608,70],{"class":69},[63,37610,74],{"class":73},[63,37612,7702],{"class":417},[63,37614,74],{"class":73},[63,37616,406],{"class":181},[63,37618,86],{"class":73},[20,37620,110],{},[54,37622,37624],{"className":56,"code":37623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37625,37626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37627,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37629,3497],{"class":73},[63,37631,15373],{"class":82},[63,37633,102],{"class":73},[63,37635,8916],{"class":82},[63,37637,3229],{"class":73},[20,37639,37640,37641,307],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[303,37642,4738],{"href":5188},[49,37644,37646],{"id":37645},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37648,37649,37650,21595,37652,307],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37651,37201],{},[833,37653,37654],{},"filter object",[20,37656,37657],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,37659,37660,37663,37668],{},[33,37661,37662],{},"loop through it",[33,37664,37665,37666],{},"convert it with ",[15,37667,24401],{},[33,37669,37665,37670],{},[15,37671,37672],{},"tuple()",[20,37674,1820],{},[54,37676,37678],{"className":56,"code":37677,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37679,37680,37722,37726,37736,37750],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37681,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37683,383],{"class":382},[63,37685,386],{"class":270},[63,37687,37280],{"class":69},[63,37689,74],{"class":73},[63,37691,37285],{"class":444},[63,37693,37289],{"class":37288},[63,37695,2482],{"class":73},[63,37697,3477],{"class":181},[63,37699,3851],{"class":270},[63,37701,105],{"class":82},[63,37703,102],{"class":73},[63,37705,3216],{"class":73},[63,37707,674],{"class":82},[63,37709,102],{"class":73},[63,37711,105],{"class":82},[63,37713,102],{"class":73},[63,37715,518],{"class":82},[63,37717,102],{"class":73},[63,37719,2061],{"class":82},[63,37721,191],{"class":73},[63,37723,37724],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37725,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,37727,37728,37730,37732,37734],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,37729,70],{"class":69},[63,37731,74],{"class":73},[63,37733,406],{"class":181},[63,37735,397],{"class":73},[63,37737,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,37739,70],{"class":69},[63,37741,74],{"class":73},[63,37743,418],{"class":417},[63,37745,74],{"class":73},[63,37747,406],{"class":181},[63,37749,86],{"class":73},[63,37751,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,37753,70],{"class":69},[63,37755,74],{"class":73},[63,37757,7702],{"class":417},[63,37759,74],{"class":73},[63,37761,406],{"class":181},[63,37763,86],{"class":73},[20,37765,110],{},[54,37767,37769],{"className":56,"code":37768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37770,37771,37785,37799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37772,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37774,441],{"class":270},[63,37776,37227],{"class":69},[63,37778,24237],{"class":417},[63,37780,36989],{"class":382},[63,37782,36996],{"class":34076},[63,37784,459],{"class":270},[63,37786,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37788,441],{"class":270},[63,37790,445],{"class":444},[63,37792,449],{"class":448},[63,37794,37227],{"class":452},[63,37796,456],{"class":448},[63,37798,459],{"class":270},[63,37800,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,37802,3497],{"class":73},[63,37804,715],{"class":82},[63,37806,102],{"class":73},[63,37808,2061],{"class":82},[63,37810,3229],{"class":73},[20,37812,37813],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1193,37815,37817],{"id":37816},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37819,37820],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[54,37822,37824],{"className":56,"code":37823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37825,37826,37868,37872,37886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37827,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37829,383],{"class":382},[63,37831,386],{"class":270},[63,37833,37280],{"class":69},[63,37835,74],{"class":73},[63,37837,37285],{"class":444},[63,37839,37289],{"class":37288},[63,37841,2482],{"class":73},[63,37843,3477],{"class":181},[63,37845,3851],{"class":270},[63,37847,105],{"class":82},[63,37849,102],{"class":73},[63,37851,3216],{"class":73},[63,37853,674],{"class":82},[63,37855,102],{"class":73},[63,37857,105],{"class":82},[63,37859,102],{"class":73},[63,37861,518],{"class":82},[63,37863,102],{"class":73},[63,37865,2061],{"class":82},[63,37867,191],{"class":73},[63,37869,37870],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37871,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,37873,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,37875,70],{"class":69},[63,37877,74],{"class":73},[63,37879,7702],{"class":417},[63,37881,74],{"class":73},[63,37883,406],{"class":181},[63,37885,86],{"class":73},[63,37887,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,37889,70],{"class":69},[63,37891,74],{"class":73},[63,37893,7702],{"class":417},[63,37895,74],{"class":73},[63,37897,406],{"class":181},[63,37899,86],{"class":73},[20,37901,110],{},[54,37903,37905],{"className":56,"code":37904,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37906,37907,37919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37908,37909,37911,37913,37915,37917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37910,3497],{"class":73},[63,37912,715],{"class":82},[63,37914,102],{"class":73},[63,37916,2061],{"class":82},[63,37918,3229],{"class":73},[63,37920,37921],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37922,37923],{"class":73},"[]\n",[20,37925,37926],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[49,37928,311,37930,8314,37932],{"id":37929},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37931,37201],{},[15,37933,37285],{},[20,37935,14807,37936,37938],{},[15,37937,37285],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37940,37941],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[54,37943,37945],{"className":56,"code":37944,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37946,37947,37989,37993,38031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37948,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37985,37987],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37950,3668],{"class":382},[63,37952,386],{"class":270},[63,37954,3216],{"class":73},[63,37956,2455],{"class":448},[63,37958,3677],{"class":452},[63,37960,2455],{"class":448},[63,37962,102],{"class":73},[63,37964,1375],{"class":448},[63,37966,37967],{"class":452},"kiwi",[63,37969,2455],{"class":448},[63,37971,102],{"class":73},[63,37973,1375],{"class":448},[63,37975,3686],{"class":452},[63,37977,2455],{"class":448},[63,37979,102],{"class":73},[63,37981,1375],{"class":448},[63,37983,37984],{"class":452},"fig",[63,37986,2455],{"class":448},[63,37988,3229],{"class":73},[63,37990,37991],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,37992,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,37994,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38008,38010,38013,38015,38018,38020,38023,38025,38027,38029],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,37996,383],{"class":382},[63,37998,386],{"class":270},[63,38000,37280],{"class":69},[63,38002,74],{"class":73},[63,38004,37285],{"class":444},[63,38006,38007],{"class":37288}," word",[63,38009,2482],{"class":73},[63,38011,38012],{"class":69}," len",[63,38014,74],{"class":73},[63,38016,38017],{"class":181},"word",[63,38019,3256],{"class":73},[63,38021,38022],{"class":270}," >",[63,38024,2061],{"class":82},[63,38026,102],{"class":73},[63,38028,5771],{"class":181},[63,38030,397],{"class":73},[63,38032,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,38034,70],{"class":69},[63,38036,74],{"class":73},[63,38038,7702],{"class":417},[63,38040,74],{"class":73},[63,38042,406],{"class":181},[63,38044,86],{"class":73},[20,38046,110],{},[54,38048,38050],{"className":56,"code":38049,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38051,38052],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38053,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38055,3497],{"class":73},[63,38057,456],{"class":448},[63,38059,3677],{"class":452},[63,38061,456],{"class":448},[63,38063,102],{"class":73},[63,38065,449],{"class":448},[63,38067,3686],{"class":452},[63,38069,456],{"class":448},[63,38071,3229],{"class":73},[20,38073,38074],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38076,38077,38078,307],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[303,38079,38081],{"href":38080},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[49,38083,311,38085,38087],{"id":38084},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38086,37201],{}," with a named function",[20,38089,38090,38091,307],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38092,37285],{},[20,38094,38095],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38097,38098,38101,38104],{},[33,38099,38100],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38102,38103],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38105,38106],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[54,38108,38110],{"className":56,"code":38109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38111,38112,38125,38140,38144,38176,38195,38199],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38113,38114,38116,38119,38121,38123],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38115,34473],{"class":444},[63,38117,38118],{"class":34476}," is_even",[63,38120,74],{"class":73},[63,38122,182],{"class":37288},[63,38124,7951],{"class":73},[63,38126,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,38128,34484],{"class":3473},[63,38130,5989],{"class":382},[63,38132,6006],{"class":270},[63,38134,105],{"class":82},[63,38136,6011],{"class":270},[63,38138,38139],{"class":82}," 0\n",[63,38141,38142],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,38143,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,38145,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166,38168,38170,38172,38174],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,38147,3211],{"class":382},[63,38149,386],{"class":270},[63,38151,3216],{"class":73},[63,38153,674],{"class":82},[63,38155,102],{"class":73},[63,38157,105],{"class":82},[63,38159,102],{"class":73},[63,38161,518],{"class":82},[63,38163,102],{"class":73},[63,38165,2061],{"class":82},[63,38167,102],{"class":73},[63,38169,4206],{"class":82},[63,38171,102],{"class":73},[63,38173,37269],{"class":82},[63,38175,3229],{"class":73},[63,38177,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186,38189,38191,38193],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,38179,383],{"class":382},[63,38181,386],{"class":270},[63,38183,37280],{"class":69},[63,38185,74],{"class":73},[63,38187,38188],{"class":181},"is_even",[63,38190,102],{"class":73},[63,38192,3862],{"class":181},[63,38194,397],{"class":73},[63,38196,38197],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,38198,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,38200,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,38202,70],{"class":69},[63,38204,74],{"class":73},[63,38206,7702],{"class":417},[63,38208,74],{"class":73},[63,38210,406],{"class":181},[63,38212,86],{"class":73},[20,38214,110],{},[54,38216,38218],{"className":56,"code":38217,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38219,38220],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38221,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38223,3497],{"class":73},[63,38225,274],{"class":82},[63,38227,102],{"class":73},[63,38229,2061],{"class":82},[63,38231,102],{"class":73},[63,38233,37269],{"class":82},[63,38235,3229],{"class":73},[20,38237,20390,38238,2004,38241,38243],{},[15,38239,38240],{},"is_even()",[15,38242,3196],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[49,38245,311,38247,8314,38249],{"id":38246},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38248,3373],{},[15,38250,37201],{},[20,38252,38253,38254,38256],{},"You can pass ",[15,38255,3373],{}," as the first argument:",[54,38258,38260],{"className":56,"code":38259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38261,38262],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38263,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38265,37227],{"class":69},[63,38267,74],{"class":73},[63,38269,3373],{"class":3448},[63,38271,102],{"class":73},[63,38273,37491],{"class":181},[63,38275,397],{"class":73},[20,38277,38278,38279,6945],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[833,38280,5198],{},[20,38282,38283],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38285,38286,38290,38295,38299],{},[33,38287,38288],{},[15,38289,1734],{},[33,38291,38292,38294],{},[15,38293,3368],{}," (empty string)",[33,38296,38297],{},[15,38298,3373],{},[33,38300,38301],{},[15,38302,3269],{},[20,38304,1820],{},[54,38306,38308],{"className":56,"code":38307,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38309,38310,38354,38358,38376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38311,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38313,7386],{"class":382},[63,38315,386],{"class":270},[63,38317,3216],{"class":73},[63,38319,1734],{"class":82},[63,38321,102],{"class":73},[63,38323,249],{"class":82},[63,38325,102],{"class":73},[63,38327,5729],{"class":448},[63,38329,102],{"class":73},[63,38331,1375],{"class":448},[63,38333,3441],{"class":452},[63,38335,2455],{"class":448},[63,38337,102],{"class":73},[63,38339,3449],{"class":3448},[63,38341,102],{"class":73},[63,38343,3513],{"class":3448},[63,38345,102],{"class":73},[63,38347,3504],{"class":3448},[63,38349,102],{"class":73},[63,38351,4206],{"class":82},[63,38353,3229],{"class":73},[63,38355,38356],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,38357,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,38359,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,38361,383],{"class":382},[63,38363,386],{"class":270},[63,38365,37280],{"class":69},[63,38367,74],{"class":73},[63,38369,3373],{"class":3448},[63,38371,102],{"class":73},[63,38373,5568],{"class":181},[63,38375,397],{"class":73},[63,38377,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,38379,70],{"class":69},[63,38381,74],{"class":73},[63,38383,7702],{"class":417},[63,38385,74],{"class":73},[63,38387,406],{"class":181},[63,38389,86],{"class":73},[20,38391,110],{},[54,38393,38395],{"className":56,"code":38394,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38396,38397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38398,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38400,3497],{"class":73},[63,38402,674],{"class":82},[63,38404,102],{"class":73},[63,38406,449],{"class":448},[63,38408,3441],{"class":452},[63,38410,456],{"class":448},[63,38412,102],{"class":73},[63,38414,3513],{"class":3448},[63,38416,102],{"class":73},[63,38418,4206],{"class":82},[63,38420,3229],{"class":73},[20,38422,38423],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[49,38425,1114,38427],{"id":38426},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38428,37201],{},[20,38430,128,38431,38433],{},[15,38432,37201],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38435,38436],{},"It works well for:",[30,38438,38439,38442,38445],{},[33,38440,38441],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38443,38444],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38446,38447],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38449,1820],{},[54,38451,38453],{"className":56,"code":38452,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38454,38455,38487,38520,38524],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38456,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38458,3211],{"class":382},[63,38460,386],{"class":270},[63,38462,3216],{"class":73},[63,38464,674],{"class":82},[63,38466,102],{"class":73},[63,38468,105],{"class":82},[63,38470,102],{"class":73},[63,38472,518],{"class":82},[63,38474,102],{"class":73},[63,38476,2061],{"class":82},[63,38478,102],{"class":73},[63,38480,4206],{"class":82},[63,38482,102],{"class":73},[63,38484,37269],{"class":82},[63,38486,3229],{"class":73},[63,38488,38489,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,38490,38491],{"class":382},"evens ",[63,38493,386],{"class":270},[63,38495,37280],{"class":69},[63,38497,74],{"class":73},[63,38499,37285],{"class":444},[63,38501,37289],{"class":37288},[63,38503,2482],{"class":73},[63,38505,3477],{"class":181},[63,38507,6006],{"class":270},[63,38509,105],{"class":82},[63,38511,6011],{"class":270},[63,38513,3429],{"class":82},[63,38515,102],{"class":73},[63,38517,3862],{"class":181},[63,38519,397],{"class":73},[63,38521,38522],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,38523,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,38525,38526,38528,38530,38532,38534,38537],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,38527,70],{"class":69},[63,38529,74],{"class":73},[63,38531,7702],{"class":417},[63,38533,74],{"class":73},[63,38535,38536],{"class":181},"evens",[63,38538,86],{"class":73},[20,38540,110],{},[54,38542,38543],{"className":56,"code":38217,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,38544,38545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38546,38547,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557,38559],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38548,3497],{"class":73},[63,38550,274],{"class":82},[63,38552,102],{"class":73},[63,38554,2061],{"class":82},[63,38556,102],{"class":73},[63,38558,37269],{"class":82},[63,38560,3229],{"class":73},[20,38562,38563,38564,38566],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38565,5560],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[54,38568,38570],{"className":56,"code":38569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38571,38572,38604,38612,38616,38628,38644,38659,38663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38573,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38575,3211],{"class":382},[63,38577,386],{"class":270},[63,38579,3216],{"class":73},[63,38581,674],{"class":82},[63,38583,102],{"class":73},[63,38585,105],{"class":82},[63,38587,102],{"class":73},[63,38589,518],{"class":82},[63,38591,102],{"class":73},[63,38593,2061],{"class":82},[63,38595,102],{"class":73},[63,38597,4206],{"class":82},[63,38599,102],{"class":73},[63,38601,37269],{"class":82},[63,38603,3229],{"class":73},[63,38605,38606,38608,38610],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,38607,38491],{"class":382},[63,38609,386],{"class":270},[63,38611,7446],{"class":73},[63,38613,38614],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,38615,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,38617,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,38619,5560],{"class":3473},[63,38621,5989],{"class":382},[63,38623,3480],{"class":3473},[63,38625,3862],{"class":382},[63,38627,5996],{"class":73},[63,38629,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,38631,6001],{"class":3473},[63,38633,5989],{"class":382},[63,38635,6006],{"class":270},[63,38637,105],{"class":82},[63,38639,6011],{"class":270},[63,38641,3429],{"class":82},[63,38643,5996],{"class":73},[63,38645,38646,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,38647,38648],{"class":382},"        evens",[63,38650,307],{"class":73},[63,38652,13170],{"class":181},[63,38654,74],{"class":73},[63,38656,182],{"class":181},[63,38658,397],{"class":73},[63,38660,38661],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,38662,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,38664,38665,38667,38669,38671],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,38666,70],{"class":69},[63,38668,74],{"class":73},[63,38670,38536],{"class":181},[63,38672,397],{"class":73},[20,38674,110],{},[54,38676,38677],{"className":56,"code":38217,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,38678,38679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38680,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38682,3497],{"class":73},[63,38684,274],{"class":82},[63,38686,102],{"class":73},[63,38688,2061],{"class":82},[63,38690,102],{"class":73},[63,38692,37269],{"class":82},[63,38694,3229],{"class":73},[20,38696,38697],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[54,38699,38701],{"className":56,"code":38700,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38702,38703,38735,38768,38772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38704,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38706,3211],{"class":382},[63,38708,386],{"class":270},[63,38710,3216],{"class":73},[63,38712,674],{"class":82},[63,38714,102],{"class":73},[63,38716,105],{"class":82},[63,38718,102],{"class":73},[63,38720,518],{"class":82},[63,38722,102],{"class":73},[63,38724,2061],{"class":82},[63,38726,102],{"class":73},[63,38728,4206],{"class":82},[63,38730,102],{"class":73},[63,38732,37269],{"class":82},[63,38734,3229],{"class":73},[63,38736,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,38738,38491],{"class":382},[63,38740,386],{"class":270},[63,38742,3216],{"class":73},[63,38744,1386],{"class":382},[63,38746,5560],{"class":3473},[63,38748,5989],{"class":382},[63,38750,3480],{"class":3473},[63,38752,38753],{"class":382}," numbers ",[63,38755,6602],{"class":3473},[63,38757,5989],{"class":382},[63,38759,6006],{"class":270},[63,38761,105],{"class":82},[63,38763,6011],{"class":270},[63,38765,3429],{"class":82},[63,38767,3229],{"class":73},[63,38769,38770],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,38771,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,38773,38774,38776,38778,38780],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,38775,70],{"class":69},[63,38777,74],{"class":73},[63,38779,38536],{"class":181},[63,38781,397],{"class":73},[20,38783,110],{},[54,38785,38786],{"className":56,"code":38217,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,38787,38788],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38789,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38791,3497],{"class":73},[63,38793,274],{"class":82},[63,38795,102],{"class":73},[63,38797,2061],{"class":82},[63,38799,102],{"class":73},[63,38801,37269],{"class":82},[63,38803,3229],{"class":73},[20,38805,38806,38807,307],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[303,38808,38810],{"href":38809},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[49,38812,1186],{"id":1185},[20,38814,14351,38815,307],{},[15,38816,37201],{},[1193,38818,1196,38820,38822],{"id":38819},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38821,37201],{}," to return a list",[20,38824,38825],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[54,38827,38829],{"className":56,"code":38828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38830,38831,38873],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38832,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38834,383],{"class":382},[63,38836,386],{"class":270},[63,38838,37280],{"class":69},[63,38840,74],{"class":73},[63,38842,37285],{"class":444},[63,38844,37289],{"class":37288},[63,38846,2482],{"class":73},[63,38848,3477],{"class":181},[63,38850,3851],{"class":270},[63,38852,105],{"class":82},[63,38854,102],{"class":73},[63,38856,3216],{"class":73},[63,38858,674],{"class":82},[63,38860,102],{"class":73},[63,38862,105],{"class":82},[63,38864,102],{"class":73},[63,38866,518],{"class":82},[63,38868,102],{"class":73},[63,38870,2061],{"class":82},[63,38872,191],{"class":73},[63,38874,38875,38877,38879,38881],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,38876,70],{"class":69},[63,38878,74],{"class":73},[63,38880,406],{"class":181},[63,38882,397],{"class":73},[20,38884,38885],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38887,38888],{},"Fix:",[54,38890,38892],{"className":56,"code":38891,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38893,38894,38936],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38895,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38897,383],{"class":382},[63,38899,386],{"class":270},[63,38901,37280],{"class":69},[63,38903,74],{"class":73},[63,38905,37285],{"class":444},[63,38907,37289],{"class":37288},[63,38909,2482],{"class":73},[63,38911,3477],{"class":181},[63,38913,3851],{"class":270},[63,38915,105],{"class":82},[63,38917,102],{"class":73},[63,38919,3216],{"class":73},[63,38921,674],{"class":82},[63,38923,102],{"class":73},[63,38925,105],{"class":82},[63,38927,102],{"class":73},[63,38929,518],{"class":82},[63,38931,102],{"class":73},[63,38933,2061],{"class":82},[63,38935,191],{"class":73},[63,38937,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,38939,70],{"class":69},[63,38941,74],{"class":73},[63,38943,7702],{"class":417},[63,38945,74],{"class":73},[63,38947,406],{"class":181},[63,38949,86],{"class":73},[1193,38951,38953,38954,632,38956,38958],{"id":38952},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38955,3196],{},[15,38957,3269],{}," clearly",[20,38960,38961],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38963,38964],{},"Good example:",[54,38966,38968],{"className":56,"code":38967,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38969,38970,38983],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38971,38972,38974,38977,38979,38981],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38973,34473],{"class":444},[63,38975,38976],{"class":34476}," is_positive",[63,38978,74],{"class":73},[63,38980,182],{"class":37288},[63,38982,7951],{"class":73},[63,38984,38985,38987,38989,38991],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,38986,34484],{"class":3473},[63,38988,5989],{"class":382},[63,38990,3851],{"class":270},[63,38992,38139],{"class":82},[20,38994,38995],{},"Then use it with:",[54,38997,38999],{"className":56,"code":38998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39000,39001,39033],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39002,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39004,3211],{"class":382},[63,39006,386],{"class":270},[63,39008,3216],{"class":73},[63,39010,1639],{"class":270},[63,39012,274],{"class":82},[63,39014,102],{"class":73},[63,39016,271],{"class":270},[63,39018,674],{"class":82},[63,39020,102],{"class":73},[63,39022,3429],{"class":82},[63,39024,102],{"class":73},[63,39026,249],{"class":82},[63,39028,102],{"class":73},[63,39030,105],{"class":82},[63,39032,3229],{"class":73},[63,39034,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39050,39052,39054],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39036,70],{"class":69},[63,39038,74],{"class":73},[63,39040,7702],{"class":417},[63,39042,74],{"class":73},[63,39044,37227],{"class":69},[63,39046,74],{"class":73},[63,39048,39049],{"class":181},"is_positive",[63,39051,102],{"class":73},[63,39053,3862],{"class":181},[63,39055,2510],{"class":73},[20,39057,110],{},[54,39059,39061],{"className":56,"code":39060,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39062,39063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39064,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39066,3497],{"class":73},[63,39068,674],{"class":82},[63,39070,102],{"class":73},[63,39072,105],{"class":82},[63,39074,3229],{"class":73},[1193,39076,39078],{"id":39077},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39080,39081],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[54,39083,39084],{"className":56,"code":37823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,39085,39086,39128,39132,39146],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39087,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39089,383],{"class":382},[63,39091,386],{"class":270},[63,39093,37280],{"class":69},[63,39095,74],{"class":73},[63,39097,37285],{"class":444},[63,39099,37289],{"class":37288},[63,39101,2482],{"class":73},[63,39103,3477],{"class":181},[63,39105,3851],{"class":270},[63,39107,105],{"class":82},[63,39109,102],{"class":73},[63,39111,3216],{"class":73},[63,39113,674],{"class":82},[63,39115,102],{"class":73},[63,39117,105],{"class":82},[63,39119,102],{"class":73},[63,39121,518],{"class":82},[63,39123,102],{"class":73},[63,39125,2061],{"class":82},[63,39127,191],{"class":73},[63,39129,39130],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39131,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,39133,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,39135,70],{"class":69},[63,39137,74],{"class":73},[63,39139,7702],{"class":417},[63,39141,74],{"class":73},[63,39143,406],{"class":181},[63,39145,86],{"class":73},[63,39147,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,39149,70],{"class":69},[63,39151,74],{"class":73},[63,39153,7702],{"class":417},[63,39155,74],{"class":73},[63,39157,406],{"class":181},[63,39159,86],{"class":73},[20,39161,110],{},[54,39163,39164],{"className":56,"code":37904,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,39165,39166,39178],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39167,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39169,3497],{"class":73},[63,39171,715],{"class":82},[63,39173,102],{"class":73},[63,39175,2061],{"class":82},[63,39177,3229],{"class":73},[63,39179,39180],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39181,37923],{"class":73},[20,39183,39184],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[54,39186,39188],{"className":56,"code":39187,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39189,39190,39236,39240,39250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39191,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39193,383],{"class":382},[63,39195,386],{"class":270},[63,39197,22180],{"class":417},[63,39199,74],{"class":73},[63,39201,37227],{"class":69},[63,39203,74],{"class":73},[63,39205,37285],{"class":444},[63,39207,37289],{"class":37288},[63,39209,2482],{"class":73},[63,39211,3477],{"class":181},[63,39213,3851],{"class":270},[63,39215,105],{"class":82},[63,39217,102],{"class":73},[63,39219,3216],{"class":73},[63,39221,674],{"class":82},[63,39223,102],{"class":73},[63,39225,105],{"class":82},[63,39227,102],{"class":73},[63,39229,518],{"class":82},[63,39231,102],{"class":73},[63,39233,2061],{"class":82},[63,39235,2596],{"class":73},[63,39237,39238],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39239,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,39241,39242,39244,39246,39248],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,39243,70],{"class":69},[63,39245,74],{"class":73},[63,39247,406],{"class":181},[63,39249,397],{"class":73},[63,39251,39252,39254,39256,39258],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,39253,70],{"class":69},[63,39255,74],{"class":73},[63,39257,406],{"class":181},[63,39259,397],{"class":73},[1193,39261,39263],{"id":39262},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39265,39266],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39268,16262],{},[54,39270,39272],{"className":56,"code":39271,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39273,39274],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39275,39276],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39277,39271],{"class":1357},[20,39279,39280,39281,6155],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39282,1940],{},[20,39284,16274],{},[54,39286,39288],{"className":56,"code":39287,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39289,39290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39291,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39293,70],{"class":69},[63,39295,74],{"class":73},[63,39297,7702],{"class":417},[63,39299,74],{"class":73},[63,39301,37227],{"class":69},[63,39303,74],{"class":73},[63,39305,37285],{"class":444},[63,39307,37289],{"class":37288},[63,39309,2482],{"class":73},[63,39311,3477],{"class":181},[63,39313,3851],{"class":270},[63,39315,105],{"class":82},[63,39317,102],{"class":73},[63,39319,3216],{"class":73},[63,39321,674],{"class":82},[63,39323,102],{"class":73},[63,39325,105],{"class":82},[63,39327,102],{"class":73},[63,39329,518],{"class":82},[63,39331,102],{"class":73},[63,39333,2061],{"class":82},[63,39335,36890],{"class":73},[1193,39337,36829,39339,8314,39341],{"id":39338},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39340,37201],{},[15,39342,39343],{},"map()",[30,39345,39346,39351],{},[33,39347,39348,39350],{},[15,39349,37201],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39352,39353,39355],{},[15,39354,39343],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39357,39358,39359,2482],{},"Example of ",[15,39360,37201],{},[54,39362,39364],{"className":56,"code":39363,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39365,39366,39390],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39367,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39369,3211],{"class":382},[63,39371,386],{"class":270},[63,39373,3216],{"class":73},[63,39375,674],{"class":82},[63,39377,102],{"class":73},[63,39379,105],{"class":82},[63,39381,102],{"class":73},[63,39383,518],{"class":82},[63,39385,102],{"class":73},[63,39387,2061],{"class":82},[63,39389,3229],{"class":73},[63,39391,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39393,70],{"class":69},[63,39395,74],{"class":73},[63,39397,7702],{"class":417},[63,39399,74],{"class":73},[63,39401,37227],{"class":69},[63,39403,74],{"class":73},[63,39405,37285],{"class":444},[63,39407,37289],{"class":37288},[63,39409,2482],{"class":73},[63,39411,3477],{"class":181},[63,39413,3851],{"class":270},[63,39415,105],{"class":82},[63,39417,102],{"class":73},[63,39419,3862],{"class":181},[63,39421,2510],{"class":73},[20,39423,110],{},[54,39425,39427],{"className":56,"code":39426,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39428,39429],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39430,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39432,3497],{"class":73},[63,39434,715],{"class":82},[63,39436,102],{"class":73},[63,39438,2061],{"class":82},[63,39440,3229],{"class":73},[20,39442,39358,39443,2482],{},[15,39444,39343],{},[54,39446,39448],{"className":56,"code":39447,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39449,39450,39474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39451,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39453,3211],{"class":382},[63,39455,386],{"class":270},[63,39457,3216],{"class":73},[63,39459,674],{"class":82},[63,39461,102],{"class":73},[63,39463,105],{"class":82},[63,39465,102],{"class":73},[63,39467,518],{"class":82},[63,39469,102],{"class":73},[63,39471,2061],{"class":82},[63,39473,3229],{"class":73},[63,39475,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39500,39502,39504,39506],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39477,70],{"class":69},[63,39479,74],{"class":73},[63,39481,7702],{"class":417},[63,39483,74],{"class":73},[63,39485,39486],{"class":69},"map",[63,39488,74],{"class":73},[63,39490,37285],{"class":444},[63,39492,37289],{"class":37288},[63,39494,2482],{"class":73},[63,39496,3477],{"class":181},[63,39498,39499],{"class":270},"*",[63,39501,105],{"class":82},[63,39503,102],{"class":73},[63,39505,3862],{"class":181},[63,39507,2510],{"class":73},[20,39509,110],{},[54,39511,39513],{"className":56,"code":39512,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39514,39515],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39516,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39518,3497],{"class":73},[63,39520,274],{"class":82},[63,39522,102],{"class":73},[63,39524,2061],{"class":82},[63,39526,102],{"class":73},[63,39528,37269],{"class":82},[63,39530,102],{"class":73},[63,39532,5962],{"class":82},[63,39534,3229],{"class":73},[20,39536,39537,39538,307],{},"For the related function, see ",[303,39539,13,39541,469],{"href":39540},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39542,39343],{},[49,39544,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,39546,1459,39548,39550],{"id":39547},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39549,37201],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39552,39553,39554,39556],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39555,24401],{}," if needed.",[1193,39558,39560,39561,39563],{"id":39559},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39562,37201],{}," need to return?",[20,39565,37508,39566,39568,39569,39571],{},[15,39567,3196],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39570,3269],{}," to remove it.",[1193,39573,1499,39575,39577],{"id":39574},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39576,37201],{}," without lambda?",[20,39579,39580],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1193,39582,4744,39584,39587],{"id":39583},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39585,39586],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39589,39590,39591,39593,39594,16690,39596,307],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39592,1734],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39595,3373],{},[15,39597,3269],{},[1193,39599,21040,39601,39603],{"id":39600},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39602,37201],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39605,39606,39607,39609],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39608,5560],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39611,39612],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,39614,39615,39621,39627],{},[33,39616,39617,39618,39620],{},"use ",[15,39619,37201],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,39622,39623,39624,39626],{},"use a ",[15,39625,5560],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,39628,39629],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39631,39632,39633,307],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[303,39634,4734],{"href":39635},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[49,39637,1517],{"id":1516},[30,39639,39640,39645,39649,39654,39660],{},[33,39641,39642],{},[303,39643,39644],{"href":38080},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,39646,39647],{},[303,39648,4823],{"href":39635},[33,39650,39651],{},[303,39652,39653],{"href":38809},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39655,39656],{},[303,39657,13,39658,469],{"href":39540},[15,39659,39343],{},[33,39661,39662],{},[303,39663,4818],{"href":5188},[1542,39665,39666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":39668},[39669,39670,39672,39676,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687,39697,39709],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":37335,"depth":89,"text":39671},"What filter() does",{"id":37469,"depth":89,"text":37470,"children":39673},[39674,39675],{"id":37486,"depth":254,"text":37486},{"id":3315,"depth":254,"text":3315},{"id":37645,"depth":89,"text":37646,"children":39677},[39678],{"id":37816,"depth":254,"text":37817},{"id":37929,"depth":89,"text":39680},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38084,"depth":89,"text":39682},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38246,"depth":89,"text":39684},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38426,"depth":89,"text":39686},"When to use filter()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":39688},[39689,39691,39693,39694,39695],{"id":38819,"depth":254,"text":39690},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38952,"depth":254,"text":39692},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39077,"depth":254,"text":39078},{"id":39262,"depth":254,"text":39263},{"id":39338,"depth":254,"text":39696},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":39698},[39699,39701,39703,39705,39707],{"id":39547,"depth":254,"text":39700},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39559,"depth":254,"text":39702},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39574,"depth":254,"text":39704},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39583,"depth":254,"text":39706},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39600,"depth":254,"text":39708},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37193,"description":39710},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39717,"title":39718,"body":39719,"description":41860,"extension":1580,"meta":41861,"navigation":579,"path":41862,"seo":41863,"stem":41864,"__hash__":41865},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39720,"toc":41814},[39721,39724,39729,39735,39737,39788,39790,39808,39813,39817,39822,39825,39839,39842,39864,39866,39914,39916,39940,39942,39944,39959,39964,39972,39987,39989,39998,40001,40035,40039,40044,40048,40055,40090,40092,40108,40112,40115,40156,40158,40172,40176,40179,40203,40205,40214,40218,40221,40254,40256,40269,40273,40279,40298,40300,40308,40312,40317,40321,40327,40350,40352,40381,40384,40403,40407,40410,40437,40439,40473,40477,40480,40504,40508,40517,40519,40524,40529,40531,40615,40617,40659,40662,40666,40673,40682,40738,40744,40753,40758,40762,40831,40833,40842,40846,40849,40893,40895,40904,40908,40914,40964,40968,40973,40977,41001,41003,41012,41016,41040,41042,41053,41057,41081,41083,41092,41095,41112,41118,41122,41128,41131,41136,41139,41160,41162,41194,41197,41202,41204,41215,41217,41261,41265,41272,41324,41326,41335,41339,41342,41435,41438,41462,41466,41469,41561,41566,41570,41577,41582,41606,41608,41617,41622,41645,41647,41655,41662,41685,41693,41695,41708,41718,41720,41724,41731,41735,41744,41748,41755,41759,41763,41767,41780,41782,41811],[10,39722,39718],{"id":39723},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39725,22,39726,39728],{},[15,39727,638],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39730,39731,39732,39734],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39733,638],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[49,39736,52],{"id":51},[54,39738,39740],{"className":56,"code":39739,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39741,39742,39756,39774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39743,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39754],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39745,70],{"class":69},[63,39747,74],{"class":73},[63,39749,1804],{"class":417},[63,39751,74],{"class":73},[63,39753,1750],{"class":82},[63,39755,86],{"class":73},[63,39757,39758,39760,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770,39772],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39759,70],{"class":69},[63,39761,74],{"class":73},[63,39763,1804],{"class":417},[63,39765,74],{"class":73},[63,39767,2455],{"class":448},[63,39769,1378],{"class":452},[63,39771,2455],{"class":448},[63,39773,86],{"class":73},[63,39775,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,39777,70],{"class":69},[63,39779,74],{"class":73},[63,39781,1804],{"class":417},[63,39783,74],{"class":73},[63,39785,3196],{"class":3448},[63,39787,86],{"class":73},[20,39789,110],{},[54,39791,39793],{"className":56,"code":39792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39794,39795,39799,39803],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39796,39797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39798,2083],{"class":82},[63,39800,39801],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39802,125],{"class":82},[63,39804,39805],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,39806,39807],{"class":82},"1.0\n",[20,39809,128,39810,39812],{},[15,39811,638],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[49,39814,39816],{"id":39815},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39818,39819,39821],{},[15,39820,638],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39823,39824],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,39826,39827,39831,39835],{},[33,39828,39829],{},[15,39830,2095],{},[33,39832,39833],{},[15,39834,1378],{},[33,39836,39837],{},[15,39838,1465],{},[20,39840,39841],{},"A few key points:",[30,39843,39844,39851,39854,39857],{},[33,39845,39846,39848,39849],{},[15,39847,638],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39850,1804],{},[33,39852,39853],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,39855,39856],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,39858,39859,39860],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[303,39861,39862],{"href":7828},[15,39863,2555],{},[20,39865,1820],{},[54,39867,39869],{"className":56,"code":39868,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39870,39871,39890,39900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39872,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39886,39888],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39874,1386],{"class":382},[63,39876,386],{"class":270},[63,39878,1391],{"class":417},[63,39880,74],{"class":73},[63,39882,2455],{"class":448},[63,39884,39885],{"class":452},"2.75",[63,39887,2455],{"class":448},[63,39889,397],{"class":73},[63,39891,39892,39894,39896,39898],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39893,70],{"class":69},[63,39895,74],{"class":73},[63,39897,182],{"class":181},[63,39899,397],{"class":73},[63,39901,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,39903,70],{"class":69},[63,39905,74],{"class":73},[63,39907,418],{"class":417},[63,39909,74],{"class":73},[63,39911,182],{"class":181},[63,39913,86],{"class":73},[20,39915,110],{},[54,39917,39919],{"className":56,"code":39918,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39920,39921,39926],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39922,39923],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39924,39925],{"class":82},"2.75\n",[63,39927,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,39929,441],{"class":270},[63,39931,445],{"class":444},[63,39933,449],{"class":448},[63,39935,1804],{"class":452},[63,39937,456],{"class":448},[63,39939,459],{"class":270},[49,39941,164],{"id":163},[20,39943,6823],{},[54,39945,39947],{"className":56,"code":39946,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"float(value)\n",[15,39948,39949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39950,39951,39953,39955,39957],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39952,1804],{"class":417},[63,39954,74],{"class":73},[63,39956,1002],{"class":181},[63,39958,397],{"class":73},[20,39960,39961,39962,307],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39963,638],{},[20,39965,39966,39967,39969,39970,2482],{},"If you call ",[15,39968,638],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39971,3363],{},[54,39973,39975],{"className":56,"code":39974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float())\n",[15,39976,39977],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39978,39979,39981,39983,39985],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39980,70],{"class":69},[63,39982,74],{"class":73},[63,39984,1804],{"class":417},[63,39986,6799],{"class":73},[20,39988,110],{},[54,39990,39992],{"className":56,"code":39991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0.0\n",[15,39993,39994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39995,39996],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39997,39991],{"class":82},[20,39999,40000],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[54,40002,40004],{"className":56,"code":40003,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40005,40006,40025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40007,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40021,40023],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40009,549],{"class":382},[63,40011,386],{"class":270},[63,40013,1391],{"class":417},[63,40015,74],{"class":73},[63,40017,2455],{"class":448},[63,40019,40020],{"class":452},"19.99",[63,40022,2455],{"class":448},[63,40024,397],{"class":73},[63,40026,40027,40029,40031,40033],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40028,70],{"class":69},[63,40030,74],{"class":73},[63,40032,568],{"class":181},[63,40034,397],{"class":73},[49,40036,40038],{"id":40037},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40040,40041,40043],{},[15,40042,638],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1193,40045,40047],{"id":40046},"integers","Integers",[20,40049,40050,40051,40054],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40052,40053],{},".0"," added:",[54,40056,40058],{"className":56,"code":40057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40059,40060,40074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40061,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070,40072],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40063,70],{"class":69},[63,40065,74],{"class":73},[63,40067,1804],{"class":417},[63,40069,74],{"class":73},[63,40071,1750],{"class":82},[63,40073,86],{"class":73},[63,40075,40076,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086,40088],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40077,70],{"class":69},[63,40079,74],{"class":73},[63,40081,1804],{"class":417},[63,40083,74],{"class":73},[63,40085,1639],{"class":270},[63,40087,274],{"class":82},[63,40089,86],{"class":73},[20,40091,110],{},[54,40093,40095],{"className":56,"code":40094,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40096,40097,40101],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40098,40099],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40100,2083],{"class":82},[63,40102,40103,40105],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40104,1639],{"class":270},[63,40106,40107],{"class":82},"2.0\n",[1193,40109,40111],{"id":40110},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40113,40114],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[54,40116,40118],{"className":56,"code":40117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40119,40120,40138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40121,40122,40124,40126,40128,40130,40132,40134,40136],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40123,70],{"class":69},[63,40125,74],{"class":73},[63,40127,1804],{"class":417},[63,40129,74],{"class":73},[63,40131,2455],{"class":448},[63,40133,1378],{"class":452},[63,40135,2455],{"class":448},[63,40137,86],{"class":73},[63,40139,40140,40142,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152,40154],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40141,70],{"class":69},[63,40143,74],{"class":73},[63,40145,1804],{"class":417},[63,40147,74],{"class":73},[63,40149,2455],{"class":448},[63,40151,1940],{"class":452},[63,40153,2455],{"class":448},[63,40155,86],{"class":73},[20,40157,110],{},[54,40159,40161],{"className":56,"code":40160,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40162,40163,40167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40164,40165],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40166,125],{"class":82},[63,40168,40169],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40170,40171],{"class":82},"10.0\n",[1193,40173,40175],{"id":40174},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40177,40178],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[54,40180,40182],{"className":56,"code":40181,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40183,40184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40185,40186,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196,40199,40201],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40187,70],{"class":69},[63,40189,74],{"class":73},[63,40191,1804],{"class":417},[63,40193,74],{"class":73},[63,40195,2455],{"class":448},[63,40197,40198],{"class":452},"  8.5  ",[63,40200,2455],{"class":448},[63,40202,86],{"class":73},[20,40204,110],{},[54,40206,40208],{"className":56,"code":40207,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8.5\n",[15,40209,40210],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40211,40212],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40213,40207],{"class":82},[1193,40215,40217],{"id":40216},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40219,40220],{},"Boolean values also work:",[54,40222,40224],{"className":56,"code":40223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40225,40226,40240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40227,40228,40230,40232,40234,40236,40238],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40229,70],{"class":69},[63,40231,74],{"class":73},[63,40233,1804],{"class":417},[63,40235,74],{"class":73},[63,40237,3196],{"class":3448},[63,40239,86],{"class":73},[63,40241,40242,40244,40246,40248,40250,40252],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40243,70],{"class":69},[63,40245,74],{"class":73},[63,40247,1804],{"class":417},[63,40249,74],{"class":73},[63,40251,3269],{"class":3448},[63,40253,86],{"class":73},[20,40255,110],{},[54,40257,40259],{"className":56,"code":40258,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40260,40261,40265],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40262,40263],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40264,39807],{"class":82},[63,40266,40267],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40268,39991],{"class":82},[1193,40270,40272],{"id":40271},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40274,40275,40276,40278],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40277,638],{}," returns a float version of it:",[54,40280,40282],{"className":56,"code":40281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40283,40284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40285,40286,40288,40290,40292,40294,40296],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40287,70],{"class":69},[63,40289,74],{"class":73},[63,40291,1804],{"class":417},[63,40293,74],{"class":73},[63,40295,335],{"class":82},[63,40297,86],{"class":73},[20,40299,110],{},[54,40301,40302],{"className":56,"code":1993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,40303,40304],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40305,40306],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40307,1993],{"class":82},[49,40309,40311],{"id":40310},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40313,40314,40315,307],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40316,638],{},[1193,40318,40320],{"id":40319},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40322,40323,40324,2482],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40325,40326],{},"ValueError",[54,40328,40330],{"className":56,"code":40329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40331,40332],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40333,40334,40336,40338,40340,40342,40344,40346,40348],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40335,70],{"class":69},[63,40337,74],{"class":73},[63,40339,1804],{"class":417},[63,40341,74],{"class":73},[63,40343,2455],{"class":448},[63,40345,3441],{"class":452},[63,40347,2455],{"class":448},[63,40349,86],{"class":73},[20,40351,29301],{},[54,40353,40355],{"className":56,"code":40354,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40356,40357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40358,40359,40361,40363,40366,40368,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40360,40326],{"class":417},[63,40362,2482],{"class":73},[63,40364,40365],{"class":382}," could ",[63,40367,973],{"class":270},[63,40369,40370],{"class":382}," convert string to ",[63,40372,1804],{"class":417},[63,40374,2482],{"class":73},[63,40376,449],{"class":448},[63,40378,3441],{"class":452},[63,40380,29320],{"class":448},[20,40382,40383],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[54,40385,40387],{"className":56,"code":40386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40388,40389],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40390,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40392,70],{"class":69},[63,40394,74],{"class":73},[63,40396,1804],{"class":417},[63,40398,74],{"class":73},[63,40400,5875],{"class":448},[63,40402,86],{"class":73},[1193,40404,40406],{"id":40405},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40408,40409],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[54,40411,40413],{"className":56,"code":40412,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40414,40415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40416,40417,40419,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431,40433,40435],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40418,70],{"class":69},[63,40420,74],{"class":73},[63,40422,1804],{"class":417},[63,40424,2583],{"class":73},[63,40426,674],{"class":82},[63,40428,102],{"class":73},[63,40430,105],{"class":82},[63,40432,102],{"class":73},[63,40434,518],{"class":82},[63,40436,2596],{"class":73},[20,40438,29301],{},[54,40440,40442],{"className":56,"code":40441,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40443,40444],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40445,40446,40448,40450,40452,40454,40457,40460,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40447,2602],{"class":417},[63,40449,2482],{"class":73},[63,40451,1391],{"class":417},[63,40453,6971],{"class":73},[63,40455,40456],{"class":382}," argument must be a string ",[63,40458,40459],{"class":270},"or",[63,40461,40462],{"class":382}," a real number",[63,40464,102],{"class":73},[63,40466,7708],{"class":270},[63,40468,449],{"class":448},[63,40470,7702],{"class":452},[63,40472,29320],{"class":448},[1193,40474,40476],{"id":40475},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40478,40479],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[54,40481,40483],{"className":56,"code":40482,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40484,40485],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40486,40487,40489,40491,40493,40495,40497,40500,40502],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40488,70],{"class":69},[63,40490,74],{"class":73},[63,40492,1804],{"class":417},[63,40494,74],{"class":73},[63,40496,2455],{"class":448},[63,40498,40499],{"class":452},"3,14",[63,40501,2455],{"class":448},[63,40503,86],{"class":73},[20,40505,2599,40506,307],{},[15,40507,40326],{},[20,40509,40510,40511,3993,40513,307],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[303,40512,631],{"href":630},[303,40514,40516],{"href":40515},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[49,40518,17037],{"id":17036},[20,40520,40521,40523],{},[15,40522,638],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40525,970,40526,40528],{},[833,40527,973],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40530,1820],{},[54,40532,40534],{"className":56,"code":40533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40535,40536,40549,40563,40567,40577,40587,40601],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40537,40538,40540,40542,40544,40547],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40539,1370],{"class":382},[63,40541,386],{"class":270},[63,40543,1375],{"class":448},[63,40545,40546],{"class":452},"6.5",[63,40548,1381],{"class":448},[63,40550,40551,40553,40555,40557,40559,40561],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40552,1386],{"class":382},[63,40554,386],{"class":270},[63,40556,1391],{"class":417},[63,40558,74],{"class":73},[63,40560,1396],{"class":181},[63,40562,397],{"class":73},[63,40564,40565],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,40566,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,40568,40569,40571,40573,40575],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,40570,70],{"class":69},[63,40572,74],{"class":73},[63,40574,1396],{"class":181},[63,40576,397],{"class":73},[63,40578,40579,40581,40583,40585],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,40580,70],{"class":69},[63,40582,74],{"class":73},[63,40584,182],{"class":181},[63,40586,397],{"class":73},[63,40588,40589,40591,40593,40595,40597,40599],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,40590,70],{"class":69},[63,40592,74],{"class":73},[63,40594,418],{"class":417},[63,40596,74],{"class":73},[63,40598,1396],{"class":181},[63,40600,86],{"class":73},[63,40602,40603,40605,40607,40609,40611,40613],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,40604,70],{"class":69},[63,40606,74],{"class":73},[63,40608,418],{"class":417},[63,40610,74],{"class":73},[63,40612,182],{"class":181},[63,40614,86],{"class":73},[20,40616,110],{},[54,40618,40620],{"className":56,"code":40619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40621,40622,40627,40631,40645],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40623,40624],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40625,40626],{"class":82},"6.5\n",[63,40628,40629],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40630,40626],{"class":82},[63,40632,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641,40643],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,40634,441],{"class":270},[63,40636,445],{"class":444},[63,40638,449],{"class":448},[63,40640,3037],{"class":452},[63,40642,456],{"class":448},[63,40644,459],{"class":270},[63,40646,40647,40649,40651,40653,40655,40657],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,40648,441],{"class":270},[63,40650,445],{"class":444},[63,40652,449],{"class":448},[63,40654,1804],{"class":452},[63,40656,456],{"class":448},[63,40658,459],{"class":270},[20,40660,40661],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[49,40663,40665],{"id":40664},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1193,40667,40669,40670,40672],{"id":40668},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40671,2555],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40674,1597,40675,40679,40680,307],{},[303,40676,40677,1912],{"href":7828},[15,40678,2555],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40681,638],{},[54,40683,40685],{"className":56,"code":40684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40686,40687,40706,40720,40724],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40688,40689,40691,40693,40695,40697,40699,40702,40704],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40690,7846],{"class":382},[63,40692,386],{"class":270},[63,40694,7851],{"class":69},[63,40696,74],{"class":73},[63,40698,2455],{"class":448},[63,40700,40701],{"class":452},"Enter a price: ",[63,40703,2455],{"class":448},[63,40705,397],{"class":73},[63,40707,40708,40710,40712,40714,40716,40718],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40709,549],{"class":382},[63,40711,386],{"class":270},[63,40713,1391],{"class":417},[63,40715,74],{"class":73},[63,40717,7875],{"class":181},[63,40719,397],{"class":73},[63,40721,40722],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,40723,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,40725,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,40727,70],{"class":69},[63,40729,74],{"class":73},[63,40731,549],{"class":181},[63,40733,39499],{"class":270},[63,40735,105],{"class":82},[63,40737,397],{"class":73},[20,40739,40740,40741,40743],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40742,903],{},", the output will be:",[54,40745,40747],{"className":56,"code":40746,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"9.0\n",[15,40748,40749],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40750,40751],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40752,40746],{"class":82},[20,40754,40755,40756,307],{},"For more help with this, see ",[303,40757,8591],{"href":8590},[1193,40759,40761],{"id":40760},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[54,40763,40765],{"className":56,"code":40764,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40766,40767,40779,40791,40795,40820],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40768,40769,40771,40773,40775,40777],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40770,2157],{"class":382},[63,40772,386],{"class":270},[63,40774,1375],{"class":448},[63,40776,795],{"class":452},[63,40778,1381],{"class":448},[63,40780,40781,40783,40785,40787,40789],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40782,2185],{"class":382},[63,40784,386],{"class":270},[63,40786,1375],{"class":448},[63,40788,860],{"class":452},[63,40790,1381],{"class":448},[63,40792,40793],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,40794,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,40796,40797,40800,40802,40804,40806,40808,40810,40812,40814,40816,40818],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,40798,40799],{"class":382},"total ",[63,40801,386],{"class":270},[63,40803,1391],{"class":417},[63,40805,74],{"class":73},[63,40807,303],{"class":181},[63,40809,3256],{"class":73},[63,40811,2058],{"class":270},[63,40813,1391],{"class":417},[63,40815,74],{"class":73},[63,40817,4362],{"class":181},[63,40819,397],{"class":73},[63,40821,40822,40824,40826,40829],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,40823,70],{"class":69},[63,40825,74],{"class":73},[63,40827,40828],{"class":181},"total",[63,40830,397],{"class":73},[20,40832,110],{},[54,40834,40836],{"className":56,"code":40835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4.0\n",[15,40837,40838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40839,40840],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40841,40835],{"class":82},[1193,40843,40845],{"id":40844},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40847,40848],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[54,40850,40852],{"className":56,"code":40851,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40853,40854,40864,40879,40883],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40855,40856,40859,40861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40857,40858],{"class":382},"count ",[63,40860,386],{"class":270},[63,40862,40863],{"class":82}," 7\n",[63,40865,40866,40868,40870,40872,40874,40877],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40867,383],{"class":382},[63,40869,386],{"class":270},[63,40871,1391],{"class":417},[63,40873,74],{"class":73},[63,40875,40876],{"class":181},"count",[63,40878,397],{"class":73},[63,40880,40881],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,40882,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,40884,40885,40887,40889,40891],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,40886,70],{"class":69},[63,40888,74],{"class":73},[63,40890,406],{"class":181},[63,40892,397],{"class":73},[20,40894,110],{},[54,40896,40898],{"className":56,"code":40897,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.0\n",[15,40899,40900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40901,40902],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40903,40897],{"class":82},[1193,40905,40907],{"id":40906},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40909,40910,40911,40913],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40912,638],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[54,40915,40917],{"className":56,"code":40916,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40918,40919,40933,40949,40953],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40920,40921,40924,40926,40928,40931],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40922,40923],{"class":382},"temperature_text ",[63,40925,386],{"class":270},[63,40927,1375],{"class":448},[63,40929,40930],{"class":452},"21.8",[63,40932,1381],{"class":448},[63,40934,40935,40938,40940,40942,40944,40947],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,40936,40937],{"class":382},"temperature ",[63,40939,386],{"class":270},[63,40941,1391],{"class":417},[63,40943,74],{"class":73},[63,40945,40946],{"class":181},"temperature_text",[63,40948,397],{"class":73},[63,40950,40951],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,40952,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,40954,40955,40957,40959,40962],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,40956,70],{"class":69},[63,40958,74],{"class":73},[63,40960,40961],{"class":181},"temperature",[63,40963,397],{"class":73},[49,40965,40967],{"id":40966},"special-values","Special values",[20,40969,40970,40972],{},[15,40971,638],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1193,40974,40976],{"id":40975},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[54,40978,40980],{"className":56,"code":40979,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40981,40982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40983,40984,40986,40988,40990,40992,40994,40997,40999],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40985,70],{"class":69},[63,40987,74],{"class":73},[63,40989,1804],{"class":417},[63,40991,74],{"class":73},[63,40993,2455],{"class":448},[63,40995,40996],{"class":452},"inf",[63,40998,2455],{"class":448},[63,41000,86],{"class":73},[20,41002,110],{},[54,41004,41006],{"className":56,"code":41005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"inf\n",[15,41007,41008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41009,41010],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41011,41005],{"class":382},[1193,41013,41015],{"id":41014},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[54,41017,41019],{"className":56,"code":41018,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41020,41021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41022,41023,41025,41027,41029,41031,41033,41036,41038],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41024,70],{"class":69},[63,41026,74],{"class":73},[63,41028,1804],{"class":417},[63,41030,74],{"class":73},[63,41032,2455],{"class":448},[63,41034,41035],{"class":452},"-inf",[63,41037,2455],{"class":448},[63,41039,86],{"class":73},[20,41041,110],{},[54,41043,41045],{"className":56,"code":41044,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-inf\n",[15,41046,41047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41048,41049,41051],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41050,1639],{"class":270},[63,41052,41005],{"class":382},[1193,41054,41056],{"id":41055},"not-a-number","Not a number",[54,41058,41060],{"className":56,"code":41059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41061,41062],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41063,41064,41066,41068,41070,41072,41074,41077,41079],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41065,70],{"class":69},[63,41067,74],{"class":73},[63,41069,1804],{"class":417},[63,41071,74],{"class":73},[63,41073,2455],{"class":448},[63,41075,41076],{"class":452},"nan",[63,41078,2455],{"class":448},[63,41080,86],{"class":73},[20,41082,110],{},[54,41084,41086],{"className":56,"code":41085,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nan\n",[15,41087,41088],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41089,41090],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41091,41085],{"class":382},[20,41093,41094],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41096,41097,41102,41107],{},[33,41098,41099,41101],{},[15,41100,40996],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41103,41104,41106],{},[15,41105,41035],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41108,41109,41111],{},[15,41110,41076],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41113,41114,41115,41117],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41116,638],{}," accepts them.",[49,41119,41121],{"id":41120},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41123,41124,41125,41127],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41126,638],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1193,41129,40326],{"id":41130},"valueerror",[20,41132,14807,41133,41135],{},[15,41134,40326],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41137,41138],{},"Common causes:",[30,41140,41141,41147,41150,41153],{},[33,41142,41143,41144],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41145,41146],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41148,41149],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41151,41152],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41154,4305,41155],{},[303,41156,41157,41159],{"href":7828},[15,41158,2555],{}," returns a string",[20,41161,1820],{},[54,41163,41165],{"className":56,"code":41164,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41166,41167,41180],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41168,41169,41171,41173,41175,41178],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41170,984],{"class":382},[63,41172,386],{"class":270},[63,41174,1375],{"class":448},[63,41176,41177],{"class":452},"abc",[63,41179,1381],{"class":448},[63,41181,41182,41184,41186,41188,41190,41192],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,41183,70],{"class":69},[63,41185,74],{"class":73},[63,41187,1804],{"class":417},[63,41189,74],{"class":73},[63,41191,1002],{"class":181},[63,41193,86],{"class":73},[1193,41195,2602],{"id":41196},"typeerror",[20,41198,14807,41199,41201],{},[15,41200,2602],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41203,41138],{},[30,41205,41206,41209,41212],{},[33,41207,41208],{},"Passing a list",[33,41210,41211],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41213,41214],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41216,1820],{},[54,41218,41220],{"className":56,"code":41219,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41221,41222,41247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41223,41224,41226,41228,41230,41232,41234,41236,41238,41240,41243,41245],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41225,984],{"class":382},[63,41227,386],{"class":270},[63,41229,10102],{"class":73},[63,41231,2455],{"class":448},[63,41233,568],{"class":452},[63,41235,2455],{"class":448},[63,41237,2482],{"class":73},[63,41239,1375],{"class":448},[63,41241,41242],{"class":452},"9.99",[63,41244,2455],{"class":448},[63,41246,8919],{"class":73},[63,41248,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257,41259],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,41250,70],{"class":69},[63,41252,74],{"class":73},[63,41254,1804],{"class":417},[63,41256,74],{"class":73},[63,41258,1002],{"class":181},[63,41260,86],{"class":73},[1193,41262,41264],{"id":41263},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41266,41267,41268,41271],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41269,41270],{},"strip()"," can help:",[54,41273,41275],{"className":56,"code":41274,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41276,41277,41290,41305,41309],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41278,41279,41281,41283,41285,41288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41280,984],{"class":382},[63,41282,386],{"class":270},[63,41284,1375],{"class":448},[63,41286,41287],{"class":452},"  7.25  ",[63,41289,1381],{"class":448},[63,41291,41292,41295,41297,41299,41301,41303],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,41293,41294],{"class":382},"clean_value ",[63,41296,386],{"class":270},[63,41298,8042],{"class":382},[63,41300,307],{"class":73},[63,41302,8243],{"class":181},[63,41304,8252],{"class":73},[63,41306,41307],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,41308,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,41310,41311,41313,41315,41317,41319,41322],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,41312,70],{"class":69},[63,41314,74],{"class":73},[63,41316,1804],{"class":417},[63,41318,74],{"class":73},[63,41320,41321],{"class":181},"clean_value",[63,41323,86],{"class":73},[20,41325,110],{},[54,41327,41329],{"className":56,"code":41328,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.25\n",[15,41330,41331],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41332,41333],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41334,41328],{"class":82},[1193,41336,41338],{"id":41337},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41340,41341],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[54,41343,41345],{"className":56,"code":41344,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41346,41347,41360,41364,41374,41388,41403,41407,41421],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41348,41349,41351,41353,41355,41358],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41350,984],{"class":382},[63,41352,386],{"class":270},[63,41354,1375],{"class":448},[63,41356,41357],{"class":452}," 3.5 ",[63,41359,1381],{"class":448},[63,41361,41362],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,41363,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,41365,41366,41368,41370,41372],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,41367,70],{"class":69},[63,41369,74],{"class":73},[63,41371,1002],{"class":181},[63,41373,397],{"class":73},[63,41375,41376,41378,41380,41382,41384,41386],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,41377,70],{"class":69},[63,41379,74],{"class":73},[63,41381,418],{"class":417},[63,41383,74],{"class":73},[63,41385,1002],{"class":181},[63,41387,86],{"class":73},[63,41389,41390,41392,41394,41397,41399,41401],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,41391,70],{"class":69},[63,41393,74],{"class":73},[63,41395,41396],{"class":69},"repr",[63,41398,74],{"class":73},[63,41400,1002],{"class":181},[63,41402,86],{"class":73},[63,41404,41405],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,41406,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,41408,41409,41411,41413,41415,41417,41419],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,41410,41294],{"class":382},[63,41412,386],{"class":270},[63,41414,8042],{"class":382},[63,41416,307],{"class":73},[63,41418,8243],{"class":181},[63,41420,8252],{"class":73},[63,41422,41423,41425,41427,41429,41431,41433],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,41424,70],{"class":69},[63,41426,74],{"class":73},[63,41428,1804],{"class":417},[63,41430,74],{"class":73},[63,41432,41321],{"class":181},[63,41434,86],{"class":73},[20,41436,41437],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41439,41440,41446,41451,41457],{},[33,41441,41442,41445],{},[15,41443,41444],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41447,41448,20987],{},[15,41449,41450],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41452,41453,41456],{},[15,41454,41455],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41458,41459,41461],{},[15,41460,41270],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1193,41463,41465],{"id":41464},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41467,41468],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[54,41470,41472],{"className":56,"code":41471,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41473,41474,41493,41497,41503,41518,41537,41546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41475,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484,41486,41489,41491],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41477,984],{"class":382},[63,41479,386],{"class":270},[63,41481,7851],{"class":69},[63,41483,74],{"class":73},[63,41485,2455],{"class":448},[63,41487,41488],{"class":452},"Enter a number: ",[63,41490,2455],{"class":448},[63,41492,397],{"class":73},[63,41494,41495],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,41496,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,41498,41499,41501],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,41500,29424],{"class":3473},[63,41502,5996],{"class":73},[63,41504,41505,41508,41510,41512,41514,41516],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,41506,41507],{"class":382},"    number ",[63,41509,386],{"class":270},[63,41511,1391],{"class":417},[63,41513,74],{"class":73},[63,41515,1002],{"class":181},[63,41517,397],{"class":73},[63,41519,41520,41522,41524,41526,41529,41531,41533,41535],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,41521,7677],{"class":69},[63,41523,74],{"class":73},[63,41525,2455],{"class":448},[63,41527,41528],{"class":452},"Converted:",[63,41530,2455],{"class":448},[63,41532,102],{"class":73},[63,41534,1809],{"class":181},[63,41536,397],{"class":73},[63,41538,41539,41541,41544],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,41540,29455],{"class":3473},[63,41542,41543],{"class":417}," ValueError",[63,41545,5996],{"class":73},[63,41547,41548,41550,41552,41554,41557,41559],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,41549,7677],{"class":69},[63,41551,74],{"class":73},[63,41553,2455],{"class":448},[63,41555,41556],{"class":452},"That is not a valid number.",[63,41558,2455],{"class":448},[63,41560,397],{"class":73},[20,41562,41563,41564,307],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[303,41565,40516],{"href":40515},[49,41567,41569],{"id":41568},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41571,10202,41572,3993,41574,41576],{},[15,41573,638],{},[15,41575,468],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41578,41579,41581],{},[15,41580,638],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[54,41583,41585],{"className":56,"code":41584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41586,41587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41588,41589,41591,41593,41595,41597,41599,41602,41604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41590,70],{"class":69},[63,41592,74],{"class":73},[63,41594,1804],{"class":417},[63,41596,74],{"class":73},[63,41598,2455],{"class":448},[63,41600,41601],{"class":452},"3.9",[63,41603,2455],{"class":448},[63,41605,86],{"class":73},[20,41607,110],{},[54,41609,41611],{"className":56,"code":41610,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.9\n",[15,41612,41613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41614,41615],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41616,41610],{"class":82},[20,41618,41619,41621],{},[15,41620,468],{}," creates whole numbers:",[54,41623,41625],{"className":56,"code":41624,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41626,41627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41628,41629,41631,41633,41635,41637,41639,41641,41643],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41630,70],{"class":69},[63,41632,74],{"class":73},[63,41634,453],{"class":417},[63,41636,74],{"class":73},[63,41638,2455],{"class":448},[63,41640,1940],{"class":452},[63,41642,2455],{"class":448},[63,41644,86],{"class":73},[20,41646,110],{},[54,41648,41649],{"className":56,"code":436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,41650,41651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41652,41653],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41654,436],{"class":82},[20,41656,41657,41658,41661],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41659,41660],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[54,41663,41665],{"className":56,"code":41664,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41666,41667],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41668,41669,41671,41673,41675,41677,41679,41681,41683],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41670,70],{"class":69},[63,41672,74],{"class":73},[63,41674,453],{"class":417},[63,41676,74],{"class":73},[63,41678,2455],{"class":448},[63,41680,41601],{"class":452},[63,41682,2455],{"class":448},[63,41684,86],{"class":73},[20,41686,2599,41687,8210,41689,41692],{},[15,41688,40326],{},[15,41690,41691],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41694,934],{},[30,41696,41697,41703],{},[33,41698,41699,41702],{},[15,41700,41701],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,41704,41705,41707],{},[15,41706,41660],{}," fails",[20,41709,41710,41711,41714,41715,41717],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[303,41712,41713],{"href":465},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[303,41716,306],{"href":305}," helpful.",[49,41719,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,41721,41723],{"id":41722},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41725,41726,41727,632,41729,307],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41728,2095],{},[15,41730,1378],{},[1193,41732,41734],{"id":41733},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41736,41737,41738,632,41741,307],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41739,41740],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41742,41743],{},"\"10\"",[1193,41745,41747],{"id":41746},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41749,28681,41750,41752,41753,307],{},[15,41751,41146],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41754,40326],{},[1193,41756,41758],{"id":41757},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41760,4750,41761,307],{},[15,41762,3363],{},[1193,41764,41766],{"id":41765},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41768,41769,41770,41772,41773,3993,41776,41772,41778,307],{},"Yes. ",[15,41771,3196],{}," becomes ",[15,41774,41775],{},"1.0",[15,41777,3269],{},[15,41779,3363],{},[49,41781,1517],{"id":1516},[30,41783,41784,41788,41794,41798,41802,41806],{},[33,41785,41786],{},[303,41787,41713],{"href":465},[33,41789,41790],{},[303,41791,41793],{"href":41792},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,41795,41796],{},[303,41797,1540],{"href":630},[33,41799,41800],{},[303,41801,8668],{"href":8590},[33,41803,41804],{},[303,41805,40516],{"href":40515},[33,41807,41808],{},[303,41809,41810],{"href":7828},"Python input() Function Explained",[1542,41812,41813],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html 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.smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":41815},[41816,41817,41818,41819,41826,41831,41832,41839,41844,41851,41852,41859],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":39815,"depth":89,"text":39816},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":40037,"depth":89,"text":40038,"children":41820},[41821,41822,41823,41824,41825],{"id":40046,"depth":254,"text":40047},{"id":40110,"depth":254,"text":40111},{"id":40174,"depth":254,"text":40175},{"id":40216,"depth":254,"text":40217},{"id":40271,"depth":254,"text":40272},{"id":40310,"depth":89,"text":40311,"children":41827},[41828,41829,41830],{"id":40319,"depth":254,"text":40320},{"id":40405,"depth":254,"text":40406},{"id":40475,"depth":254,"text":40476},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":40664,"depth":89,"text":40665,"children":41833},[41834,41836,41837,41838],{"id":40668,"depth":254,"text":41835},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40760,"depth":254,"text":40761},{"id":40844,"depth":254,"text":40845},{"id":40906,"depth":254,"text":40907},{"id":40966,"depth":89,"text":40967,"children":41840},[41841,41842,41843],{"id":40975,"depth":254,"text":40976},{"id":41014,"depth":254,"text":41015},{"id":41055,"depth":254,"text":41056},{"id":41120,"depth":89,"text":41121,"children":41845},[41846,41847,41848,41849,41850],{"id":41130,"depth":254,"text":40326},{"id":41196,"depth":254,"text":2602},{"id":41263,"depth":254,"text":41264},{"id":41337,"depth":254,"text":41338},{"id":41464,"depth":254,"text":41465},{"id":41568,"depth":89,"text":41569},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":41853},[41854,41855,41856,41857,41858],{"id":41722,"depth":254,"text":41723},{"id":41733,"depth":254,"text":41734},{"id":41746,"depth":254,"text":41747},{"id":41757,"depth":254,"text":41758},{"id":41765,"depth":254,"text":41766},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39718,"description":41860},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41867,"title":41868,"body":41869,"description":43090,"extension":1580,"meta":43091,"navigation":579,"path":34646,"seo":43092,"stem":43093,"__hash__":43094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41870,"toc":43056},[41871,41874,41879,41882,41884,41923,41937,41941,41946,41949,41966,41969,41979,41994,41997,41999,42002,42018,42021,42024,42044,42048,42059,42062,42066,42070,42084,42119,42123,42134,42169,42172,42174,42182,42215,42231,42233,42243,42264,42275,42277,42282,42285,42299,42301,42320,42323,42336,42339,42343,42347,42361,42364,42382,42385,42400,42404,42409,42423,42429,42431,42488,42490,42523,42526,42542,42546,42553,42557,42562,42565,42576,42580,42585,42600,42609,42614,42633,42636,42648,42650,42655,42665,42668,42697,42702,42711,42715,42720,42723,42727,42732,42734,42764,42767,42774,42779,42784,42788,42791,42799,42802,42880,42883,42905,42907,42911,42914,42918,42924,42987,42991,42999,43003,43006,43008,43033,43053],[10,41872,41868],{"id":41873},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41875,3174,41876,41878],{},[15,41877,34649],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41880,41881],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[49,41883,52],{"id":51},[54,41885,41887],{"className":56,"code":41886,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41888,41889,41899,41909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41890,41891,41893,41895,41897],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41892,31774],{"class":69},[63,41894,74],{"class":73},[63,41896,10774],{"class":69},[63,41898,397],{"class":73},[63,41900,41901,41903,41905,41907],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,41902,31774],{"class":69},[63,41904,74],{"class":73},[63,41906,3037],{"class":417},[63,41908,397],{"class":73},[63,41910,41911,41913,41915,41917,41919,41921],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,41912,31774],{"class":69},[63,41914,74],{"class":73},[63,41916,456],{"class":448},[63,41918,34282],{"class":452},[63,41920,456],{"class":448},[63,41922,397],{"class":73},[20,41924,128,41925,41927,41928,632,41930,41932,41933,41936],{},[15,41926,34649],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41929,10774],{},[15,41931,3037],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41934,41935],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[49,41938,41940],{"id":41939},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41942,41943,41945],{},[15,41944,34649],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41947,41948],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,41950,41951,41954,41957,41960,41963],{},[33,41952,41953],{},"Functions",[33,41955,41956],{},"Classes",[33,41958,41959],{},"Methods",[33,41961,41962],{},"Modules",[33,41964,41965],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41967,41968],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41970,41971,41972,41978],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[303,41973,41975],{"href":41974},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41976,41977],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[54,41980,41982],{"className":56,"code":41981,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\n",[15,41983,41984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41985,41986,41988,41990,41992],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41987,31774],{"class":69},[63,41989,74],{"class":73},[63,41991,10774],{"class":69},[63,41993,397],{"class":73},[20,41995,41996],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[49,41998,164],{"id":163},[20,42000,42001],{},"The main form is:",[54,42003,42005],{"className":56,"code":42004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(object)\n",[15,42006,42007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42008,42009,42011,42013,42016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42010,31774],{"class":69},[63,42012,74],{"class":73},[63,42014,42015],{"class":417},"object",[63,42017,397],{"class":73},[20,42019,42020],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42022,42023],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42025,42026,42030,42035,42039],{},[33,42027,42028],{},[15,42029,10774],{},[33,42031,42032],{},[15,42033,42034],{},"list.append",[33,42036,42037],{},[15,42038,3037],{},[33,42040,42041],{},[15,42042,42043],{},"open",[20,42045,6780,42046,6783],{},[15,42047,34649],{},[54,42049,42051],{"className":56,"code":42050,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help()\n",[15,42052,42053],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42054,42055,42057],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42056,31774],{"class":69},[63,42058,8252],{"class":73},[20,42060,42061],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[49,42063,42065],{"id":42064},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1193,42067,42069],{"id":42068},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42071,42072,42073,1801,42075,1801,42077,16690,42080,307],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42074,10774],{},[15,42076,70],{},[15,42078,42079],{},"input",[303,42081,42082],{"href":1908},[15,42083,1911],{},[54,42085,42087],{"className":56,"code":42086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42088,42089,42099,42109],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42090,42091,42093,42095,42097],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42092,31774],{"class":69},[63,42094,74],{"class":73},[63,42096,70],{"class":69},[63,42098,397],{"class":73},[63,42100,42101,42103,42105,42107],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42102,31774],{"class":69},[63,42104,74],{"class":73},[63,42106,42079],{"class":69},[63,42108,397],{"class":73},[63,42110,42111,42113,42115,42117],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,42112,31774],{"class":69},[63,42114,74],{"class":73},[63,42116,418],{"class":417},[63,42118,397],{"class":73},[1193,42120,42122],{"id":42121},"data-types","Data types",[20,42124,42125,42126,1801,42128,1801,42130,16690,42132,307],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42127,3037],{},[15,42129,7702],{},[15,42131,8431],{},[15,42133,5890],{},[54,42135,42137],{"className":56,"code":42136,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42138,42139,42149,42159],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42140,42141,42143,42145,42147],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42142,31774],{"class":69},[63,42144,74],{"class":73},[63,42146,3037],{"class":417},[63,42148,397],{"class":73},[63,42150,42151,42153,42155,42157],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42152,31774],{"class":69},[63,42154,74],{"class":73},[63,42156,7702],{"class":417},[63,42158,397],{"class":73},[63,42160,42161,42163,42165,42167],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,42162,31774],{"class":69},[63,42164,74],{"class":73},[63,42166,8431],{"class":417},[63,42168,397],{"class":73},[20,42170,42171],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1193,42173,41959],{"id":34129},[20,42175,42176,42177,3993,42180,307],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42178,42179],{},"str.split",[15,42181,42034],{},[54,42183,42185],{"className":56,"code":42184,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42186,42187,42201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42188,42189,42191,42193,42195,42197,42199],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42190,31774],{"class":69},[63,42192,74],{"class":73},[63,42194,3037],{"class":417},[63,42196,307],{"class":73},[63,42198,34092],{"class":24370},[63,42200,397],{"class":73},[63,42202,42203,42205,42207,42209,42211,42213],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42204,31774],{"class":69},[63,42206,74],{"class":73},[63,42208,7702],{"class":417},[63,42210,307],{"class":73},[63,42212,13170],{"class":24370},[63,42214,397],{"class":73},[20,42216,42217,42218,8314,42220,27934,42225,42227,42228,42230],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42219,34649],{},[303,42221,42223],{"href":42222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42224,33934],{},[15,42226,33934],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42229,34649],{}," explains one of them.",[1193,42232,41962],{"id":34282},[20,42234,42235,42236,1801,42238,16690,42240,307],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42237,18036],{},[15,42239,34812],{},[15,42241,42242],{},"os",[54,42244,42246],{"className":56,"code":42245,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42247,42248,42254],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42249,42250,42252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42251,34713],{"class":3473},[63,42253,34716],{"class":382},[63,42255,42256,42258,42260,42262],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42257,31774],{"class":69},[63,42259,74],{"class":73},[63,42261,18036],{"class":181},[63,42263,397],{"class":73},[20,42265,42266,42267,42271,42272,307],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[303,42268,42270],{"href":42269},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[303,42273,34779],{"href":42274},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[49,42276,34540],{"id":34539},[20,42278,42279,42281],{},[15,42280,34649],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42283,42284],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42286,42287,42290,42293,42296],{},[33,42288,42289],{},"The function signature",[33,42291,42292],{},"The short description",[33,42294,42295],{},"Parameter names",[33,42297,42298],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42300,777],{},[54,42302,42304],{"className":56,"code":42303,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42305,42306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42307,42308,42310,42312,42314,42316,42318],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42309,31774],{"class":69},[63,42311,74],{"class":73},[63,42313,3037],{"class":417},[63,42315,307],{"class":73},[63,42317,34092],{"class":24370},[63,42319,397],{"class":73},[20,42321,42322],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42324,42325,42328,42331,42333],{},[33,42326,42327],{},"What object this is",[33,42329,42330],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42332,21590],{},[33,42334,42335],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42337,42338],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[49,42340,42342],{"id":42341},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42344,42345,29494],{},[15,42346,34649],{},[30,42348,42349,42352,42355,42358],{},[33,42350,42351],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42353,42354],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42356,42357],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42359,42360],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42362,42363],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[54,42365,42366],{"className":56,"code":42303,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,42367,42368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42369,42370,42372,42374,42376,42378,42380],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42371,31774],{"class":69},[63,42373,74],{"class":73},[63,42375,3037],{"class":417},[63,42377,307],{"class":73},[63,42379,34092],{"class":24370},[63,42381,397],{"class":73},[20,42383,42384],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[54,42386,42388],{"className":56,"code":42387,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(open)\n",[15,42389,42390],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42391,42392,42394,42396,42398],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42393,31774],{"class":69},[63,42395,74],{"class":73},[63,42397,42043],{"class":69},[63,42399,397],{"class":73},[49,42401,42403],{"id":42402},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42405,42406,42408],{},[15,42407,34649],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42410,42411,42414,42417,42420],{},[33,42412,42413],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42415,42416],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42418,42419],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42421,42422],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42424,42425,42426,42428],{},"So, ",[15,42427,34649],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42430,777],{},[54,42432,42434],{"className":56,"code":42433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42435,42436,42449,42473,42477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42437,42438,42440,42442,42444,42447],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42439,1370],{"class":382},[63,42441,386],{"class":270},[63,42443,1375],{"class":448},[63,42445,42446],{"class":452},"a,b,c",[63,42448,1381],{"class":448},[63,42450,42451,42454,42456,42459,42461,42463,42465,42467,42469,42471],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42452,42453],{"class":382},"parts ",[63,42455,386],{"class":270},[63,42457,42458],{"class":382}," text",[63,42460,307],{"class":73},[63,42462,34092],{"class":181},[63,42464,74],{"class":73},[63,42466,2455],{"class":448},[63,42468,102],{"class":452},[63,42470,2455],{"class":448},[63,42472,397],{"class":73},[63,42474,42475],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,42476,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,42478,42479,42481,42483,42486],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,42480,70],{"class":69},[63,42482,74],{"class":73},[63,42484,42485],{"class":181},"parts",[63,42487,397],{"class":73},[20,42489,5161],{},[54,42491,42493],{"className":56,"code":42492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42494,42495],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42496,42497,42499,42501,42503,42505,42507,42509,42511,42513,42515,42517,42519,42521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42498,3497],{"class":73},[63,42500,456],{"class":448},[63,42502,303],{"class":452},[63,42504,456],{"class":448},[63,42506,102],{"class":73},[63,42508,449],{"class":448},[63,42510,4362],{"class":452},[63,42512,456],{"class":448},[63,42514,102],{"class":73},[63,42516,449],{"class":448},[63,42518,9350],{"class":452},[63,42520,456],{"class":448},[63,42522,3229],{"class":73},[20,42524,42525],{},"A good workflow is:",[28333,42527,42528,42533,42536,42539],{},[33,42529,128,42530,42532],{},[15,42531,34649],{}," to inspect something",[33,42534,42535],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42537,42538],{},"Check the result",[33,42540,42541],{},"Repeat",[49,42543,42545],{"id":42544},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42547,42548,3993,42550,42552],{},[15,42549,34649],{},[15,42551,33934],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1193,42554,42555],{"id":31774},[15,42556,34649],{},[20,42558,128,42559,42561],{},[15,42560,34649],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42563,42564],{},"It tells you:",[30,42566,42567,42570,42573],{},[33,42568,42569],{},"What something is",[33,42571,42572],{},"How to use it",[33,42574,42575],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1193,42577,42578],{"id":33995},[15,42579,33934],{},[20,42581,128,42582,42584],{},[15,42583,33934],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[54,42586,42588],{"className":56,"code":42587,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dir(str)\n",[15,42589,42590],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42591,42592,42594,42596,42598],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42593,33995],{"class":69},[63,42595,74],{"class":73},[63,42597,3037],{"class":417},[63,42599,397],{"class":73},[20,42601,42602,42603,1801,42605,16690,42607,307],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42604,34092],{},[15,42606,8243],{},[15,42608,8249],{},[20,42610,42611,42612,2482],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42613,34649],{},[54,42615,42617],{"className":56,"code":42616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42618,42619],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42620,42621,42623,42625,42627,42629,42631],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42622,31774],{"class":69},[63,42624,74],{"class":73},[63,42626,3037],{"class":417},[63,42628,307],{"class":73},[63,42630,8249],{"class":24370},[63,42632,397],{"class":73},[20,42634,42635],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,42637,42638,42643],{},[33,42639,128,42640,42642],{},[15,42641,33934],{}," to discover options",[33,42644,128,42645,42647],{},[15,42646,34649],{}," to understand one option",[49,42649,1186],{"id":1185},[20,42651,42652,42653,307],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42654,34649],{},[1193,42656,311,42658,42661,42662],{"id":42657},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42659,42660],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42663,42664],{},"help(len)",[20,42666,42667],{},"These are not always the same.",[54,42669,42671],{"className":56,"code":42670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42672,42673,42683],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42674,42675,42677,42679,42681],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42676,31774],{"class":69},[63,42678,74],{"class":73},[63,42680,10774],{"class":69},[63,42682,397],{"class":73},[63,42684,42685,42687,42689,42691,42693,42695],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42686,31774],{"class":69},[63,42688,74],{"class":73},[63,42690,456],{"class":448},[63,42692,10774],{"class":452},[63,42694,456],{"class":448},[63,42696,397],{"class":73},[20,42698,42699,42701],{},[15,42700,42664],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42703,42704,42706,42707,42710],{},[15,42705,42660],{}," treats ",[15,42708,42709],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1193,42712,42714],{"id":42713},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42716,42717,42719],{},[15,42718,34649],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42721,42722],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1193,42724,42726],{"id":42725},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42728,39966,42729,42731],{},[15,42730,34649],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42733,1820],{},[54,42735,42737],{"className":56,"code":42736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42738,42739,42749],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42740,42741,42743,42745,42747],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42742,31774],{"class":69},[63,42744,74],{"class":73},[63,42746,10774],{"class":69},[63,42748,397],{"class":73},[63,42750,42751,42753,42755,42757,42760,42762],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42752,70],{"class":69},[63,42754,74],{"class":73},[63,42756,2455],{"class":448},[63,42758,42759],{"class":452},"Done",[63,42761,2455],{"class":448},[63,42763,397],{"class":73},[20,42765,42766],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1193,42768,36829,42770,8314,42772],{"id":42769},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42771,34649],{},[15,42773,33934],{},[20,42775,42776,42777,307],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42778,33934],{},[20,42780,42781,42782,307],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42783,34649],{},[49,42785,42787],{"id":42786},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42789,42790],{},"Open Python:",[54,42792,42793],{"className":56,"code":35165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,42794,42795],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42796,42797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42798,35165],{"class":382},[20,42800,42801],{},"Then test these commands:",[54,42803,42805],{"className":56,"code":42804,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42806,42807,42817,42831,42845,42855,42870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42808,42809,42811,42813,42815],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42810,31774],{"class":69},[63,42812,74],{"class":73},[63,42814,10774],{"class":69},[63,42816,397],{"class":73},[63,42818,42819,42821,42823,42825,42827,42829],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42820,31774],{"class":69},[63,42822,74],{"class":73},[63,42824,3037],{"class":417},[63,42826,307],{"class":73},[63,42828,34092],{"class":24370},[63,42830,397],{"class":73},[63,42832,42833,42835,42837,42839,42841,42843],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,42834,31774],{"class":69},[63,42836,74],{"class":73},[63,42838,7702],{"class":417},[63,42840,307],{"class":73},[63,42842,13170],{"class":24370},[63,42844,397],{"class":73},[63,42846,42847,42849,42851,42853],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,42848,31774],{"class":69},[63,42850,74],{"class":73},[63,42852,42043],{"class":69},[63,42854,397],{"class":73},[63,42856,42857,42859,42861,42863,42866,42868],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,42858,31774],{"class":69},[63,42860,74],{"class":73},[63,42862,456],{"class":448},[63,42864,42865],{"class":452},"keywords",[63,42867,456],{"class":448},[63,42869,397],{"class":73},[63,42871,42872,42874,42876,42878],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,42873,33995],{"class":69},[63,42875,74],{"class":73},[63,42877,3037],{"class":417},[63,42879,397],{"class":73},[20,42881,42882],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,42884,42885,42888,42891,42894,42897,42900],{},[33,42886,42887],{},"A built-in function",[33,42889,42890],{},"A string method",[33,42892,42893],{},"A list method",[33,42895,42896],{},"A built-in file function",[33,42898,42899],{},"A special help topic",[33,42901,14807,42902,42904],{},[15,42903,33934],{}," example for comparison",[49,42906,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,42908,42910],{"id":42909},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42912,42913],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1193,42915,42917],{"id":42916},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42919,42920,42921,42923],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42922,34649],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[54,42925,42927],{"className":56,"code":42926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42928,42929,42941,42954,42973,42977],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42930,42931,42933,42935,42937,42939],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42932,34473],{"class":444},[63,42934,34477],{"class":34476},[63,42936,74],{"class":73},[63,42938,7274],{"class":37288},[63,42940,7951],{"class":73},[63,42942,42943,42947,42951],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,42944,42946],{"class":42945},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[63,42948,42950],{"class":42949},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[63,42952,42953],{"class":42945},"\"\"\"\n",[63,42955,42956,42958,42961,42964,42966,42968,42970],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,42957,34484],{"class":3473},[63,42959,42960],{"class":444}," f",[63,42962,42963],{"class":452},"\"Hello, ",[63,42965,8888],{"class":82},[63,42967,7274],{"class":382},[63,42969,21923],{"class":82},[63,42971,42972],{"class":452},"!\"\n",[63,42974,42975],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,42976,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,42978,42979,42981,42983,42985],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,42980,31774],{"class":69},[63,42982,74],{"class":73},[63,42984,34519],{"class":181},[63,42986,397],{"class":73},[1193,42988,42990],{"id":42989},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42992,42993,42995,42996,42998],{},[15,42994,42664],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42997,42660],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1193,43000,43002],{"id":43001},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43004,43005],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[49,43007,1517],{"id":1516},[30,43009,43010,43015,43019,43024,43029],{},[33,43011,43012],{},[303,43013,43014],{"href":42222},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43016,43017],{},[303,43018,8051],{"href":1908},[33,43020,43021],{},[303,43022,43023],{"href":41974},"Python len() function explained",[33,43025,43026],{},[303,43027,43028],{"href":42269},"How import works in Python",[33,43030,43031],{},[303,43032,34779],{"href":42274},[20,43034,43035,43036,43038,43039,1801,43041,16690,43043,43045,43046,632,43049,43052],{},"Try ",[15,43037,34649],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43040,10774],{},[15,43042,70],{},[15,43044,42079],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43047,43048],{},"dir(str)",[15,43050,43051],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1542,43054,43055],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":43057},[43058,43059,43060,43061,43067,43068,43069,43070,43074,43082,43083,43089],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":41939,"depth":89,"text":41940},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":42064,"depth":89,"text":42065,"children":43062},[43063,43064,43065,43066],{"id":42068,"depth":254,"text":42069},{"id":42121,"depth":254,"text":42122},{"id":34129,"depth":254,"text":41959},{"id":34282,"depth":254,"text":41962},{"id":34539,"depth":89,"text":34540},{"id":42341,"depth":89,"text":42342},{"id":42402,"depth":89,"text":42403},{"id":42544,"depth":89,"text":42545,"children":43071},[43072,43073],{"id":31774,"depth":254,"text":34649},{"id":33995,"depth":254,"text":33934},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":43075},[43076,43078,43079,43080],{"id":42657,"depth":254,"text":43077},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42713,"depth":254,"text":42714},{"id":42725,"depth":254,"text":42726},{"id":42769,"depth":254,"text":43081},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42786,"depth":89,"text":42787},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":43084},[43085,43086,43087,43088],{"id":42909,"depth":254,"text":42910},{"id":42916,"depth":254,"text":42917},{"id":42989,"depth":254,"text":42990},{"id":43001,"depth":254,"text":43002},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41868,"description":43090},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43096,"title":43097,"body":43098,"description":44460,"extension":1580,"meta":44461,"navigation":579,"path":44462,"seo":44463,"stem":44464,"__hash__":44465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43099,"toc":44433},[43100,43106,43111,43117,43127,43186,43196,43207,43212,43218,43220,43238,43246,43248,43250,43265,43268,43279,43281,43372,43375,43379,43384,43405,43407,43518,43520,43547,43558,43562,43565,43648,43650,43658,43664,43670,43674,43677,43787,43789,43802,43805,43819,43827,43834,43839,43853,43859,43972,43974,44035,44038,44044,44050,44053,44075,44078,44148,44151,44183,44190,44192,44195,44213,44216,44228,44234,44236,44241,44267,44270,44342,44344,44350,44353,44359,44362,44368,44378,44384,44387,44394,44397,44399,44430],[10,43101,13,43103,18],{"id":43102},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43104,43105],{},"id()",[20,43107,31939,43108,43110],{},[15,43109,43105],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43112,43113,43114,43116],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43115,43105],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43118,128,43119,43121,43122,43124,43125,307],{},[15,43120,43105],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[833,43123,973],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43126,4289],{},[54,43128,43130],{"className":56,"code":43129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43131,43132,43144,43158,43162,43172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43133,43134,43136,43138,43140,43142],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43135,7484],{"class":382},[63,43137,386],{"class":270},[63,43139,1375],{"class":448},[63,43141,6902],{"class":452},[63,43143,1381],{"class":448},[63,43145,43146,43148,43150,43152,43154,43156],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,43147,70],{"class":69},[63,43149,74],{"class":73},[63,43151,12265],{"class":69},[63,43153,74],{"class":73},[63,43155,7274],{"class":181},[63,43157,86],{"class":73},[63,43159,43160],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,43161,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,43163,43164,43167,43169],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,43165,43166],{"class":382},"other ",[63,43168,386],{"class":270},[63,43170,43171],{"class":382}," name\n",[63,43173,43174,43176,43178,43180,43182,43184],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,43175,70],{"class":69},[63,43177,74],{"class":73},[63,43179,12265],{"class":69},[63,43181,74],{"class":73},[63,43183,30364],{"class":181},[63,43185,86],{"class":73},[20,43187,43188,43189,43192,43193,43195],{},"In this example, ",[15,43190,43191],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43194,43105],{}," values match.",[43197,43198,43199],"blockquote",{},[20,43200,128,43201,43203,43204,43206],{},[15,43202,43105],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43205,4289],{}," for value comparison.",[49,43208,138,43210,141],{"id":43209},"what-id-does",[15,43211,43105],{},[20,43213,43214,43217],{},[15,43215,43216],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43219,12668],{},[30,43221,43222,43225,43232,43235],{},[33,43223,43224],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43226,43227,43228,43231],{},"It shows ",[833,43229,43230],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43233,43234],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43236,43237],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43239,43240,43241,43245],{},"This is closely related to how ",[303,43242,43244],{"href":43243},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[49,43247,164],{"id":163},[20,43249,5037],{},[54,43251,43253],{"className":56,"code":43252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"id(object)\n",[15,43254,43255],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43256,43257,43259,43261,43263],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43258,12265],{"class":69},[63,43260,74],{"class":73},[63,43262,42015],{"class":417},[63,43264,397],{"class":73},[20,43266,43267],{},"Important details:",[30,43269,43270,43273,43276],{},[33,43271,43272],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43274,43275],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43277,43278],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43280,1820],{},[54,43282,43284],{"className":56,"code":43283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43285,43286,43298,43306,43326,43330,43344,43358],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43287,43288,43290,43292,43294,43296],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43289,1370],{"class":382},[63,43291,386],{"class":270},[63,43293,1375],{"class":448},[63,43295,3441],{"class":452},[63,43297,1381],{"class":448},[63,43299,43300,43302,43304],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,43301,1386],{"class":382},[63,43303,386],{"class":270},[63,43305,2370],{"class":82},[63,43307,43308,43310,43312,43314,43316,43318,43320,43322,43324],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,43309,7386],{"class":382},[63,43311,386],{"class":270},[63,43313,3216],{"class":73},[63,43315,674],{"class":82},[63,43317,102],{"class":73},[63,43319,105],{"class":82},[63,43321,102],{"class":73},[63,43323,518],{"class":82},[63,43325,3229],{"class":73},[63,43327,43328],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,43329,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,43331,43332,43334,43336,43338,43340,43342],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,43333,70],{"class":69},[63,43335,74],{"class":73},[63,43337,12265],{"class":69},[63,43339,74],{"class":73},[63,43341,1396],{"class":181},[63,43343,86],{"class":73},[63,43345,43346,43348,43350,43352,43354,43356],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,43347,70],{"class":69},[63,43349,74],{"class":73},[63,43351,12265],{"class":69},[63,43353,74],{"class":73},[63,43355,182],{"class":181},[63,43357,86],{"class":73},[63,43359,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368,43370],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,43361,70],{"class":69},[63,43363,74],{"class":73},[63,43365,12265],{"class":69},[63,43367,74],{"class":73},[63,43369,7417],{"class":181},[63,43371,86],{"class":73},[20,43373,43374],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[49,43376,43378],{"id":43377},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43380,43381,43382,307],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43383,43105],{},[30,43385,43386,43393,43400],{},[33,43387,43388,43390,43391],{},[15,43389,4289],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[833,43392,1002],{},[33,43394,43395,43397,43398],{},[15,43396,11809],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[833,43399,42015],{},[33,43401,43402,43404],{},[15,43403,43105],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43406,1820],{},[54,43408,43410],{"className":56,"code":43409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43411,43412,43432,43452,43456,43473,43490,43504],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43413,43414,43416,43418,43420,43422,43424,43426,43428,43430],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43415,2157],{"class":382},[63,43417,386],{"class":270},[63,43419,3216],{"class":73},[63,43421,674],{"class":82},[63,43423,102],{"class":73},[63,43425,105],{"class":82},[63,43427,102],{"class":73},[63,43429,518],{"class":82},[63,43431,3229],{"class":73},[63,43433,43434,43436,43438,43440,43442,43444,43446,43448,43450],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,43435,2185],{"class":382},[63,43437,386],{"class":270},[63,43439,3216],{"class":73},[63,43441,674],{"class":82},[63,43443,102],{"class":73},[63,43445,105],{"class":82},[63,43447,102],{"class":73},[63,43449,518],{"class":82},[63,43451,3229],{"class":73},[63,43453,43454],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,43455,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,43457,43458,43460,43462,43464,43466,43468,43470],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,43459,70],{"class":69},[63,43461,74],{"class":73},[63,43463,2157],{"class":181},[63,43465,4289],{"class":270},[63,43467,2162],{"class":181},[63,43469,3256],{"class":73},[63,43471,43472],{"class":1357},"   # True\n",[63,43474,43475,43477,43479,43481,43483,43485,43487],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,43476,70],{"class":69},[63,43478,74],{"class":73},[63,43480,2157],{"class":181},[63,43482,11809],{"class":3473},[63,43484,2162],{"class":181},[63,43486,3256],{"class":73},[63,43488,43489],{"class":1357},"   # False\n",[63,43491,43492,43494,43496,43498,43500,43502],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,43493,70],{"class":69},[63,43495,74],{"class":73},[63,43497,12265],{"class":69},[63,43499,74],{"class":73},[63,43501,303],{"class":181},[63,43503,86],{"class":73},[63,43505,43506,43508,43510,43512,43514,43516],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,43507,70],{"class":69},[63,43509,74],{"class":73},[63,43511,12265],{"class":69},[63,43513,74],{"class":73},[63,43515,4362],{"class":181},[63,43517,86],{"class":73},[20,43519,1791],{},[30,43521,43522,43530,43538],{},[33,43523,43524,4385,43527,43529],{},[15,43525,43526],{},"a == b",[15,43528,3196],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43531,43532,4385,43535,43537],{},[15,43533,43534],{},"a is b",[15,43536,3269],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43539,43540,3993,43543,43546],{},[15,43541,43542],{},"id(a)",[15,43544,43545],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43548,43549,43550,3993,43554,307],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[303,43551,43553],{"href":43552},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[303,43555,43557],{"href":43556},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[49,43559,43561],{"id":43560},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43563,43564],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[54,43566,43568],{"className":56,"code":43567,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43569,43570,43590,43600,43604,43618,43633],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43571,43572,43574,43576,43578,43580,43582,43584,43586,43588],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43573,3211],{"class":382},[63,43575,386],{"class":270},[63,43577,3216],{"class":73},[63,43579,1940],{"class":82},[63,43581,102],{"class":73},[63,43583,7397],{"class":82},[63,43585,102],{"class":73},[63,43587,7402],{"class":82},[63,43589,3229],{"class":73},[63,43591,43592,43595,43597],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,43593,43594],{"class":382},"other_numbers ",[63,43596,386],{"class":270},[63,43598,43599],{"class":382}," numbers\n",[63,43601,43602],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,43603,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,43605,43606,43608,43610,43612,43614,43616],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,43607,70],{"class":69},[63,43609,74],{"class":73},[63,43611,12265],{"class":69},[63,43613,74],{"class":73},[63,43615,3243],{"class":181},[63,43617,86],{"class":73},[63,43619,43620,43622,43624,43626,43628,43631],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,43621,70],{"class":69},[63,43623,74],{"class":73},[63,43625,12265],{"class":69},[63,43627,74],{"class":73},[63,43629,43630],{"class":181},"other_numbers",[63,43632,86],{"class":73},[63,43634,43635,43637,43639,43641,43643,43646],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,43636,70],{"class":69},[63,43638,74],{"class":73},[63,43640,3211],{"class":181},[63,43642,11809],{"class":3473},[63,43644,43645],{"class":181}," other_numbers",[63,43647,397],{"class":73},[20,43649,5161],{},[54,43651,43652],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,43653,43654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43655,43656],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43657,3577],{"class":3448},[20,43659,43660,43661,43663],{},"The two ",[15,43662,43105],{}," values will also match.",[20,43665,21809,43666,43669],{},[15,43667,43668],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[49,43671,43673],{"id":43672},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43675,43676],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[54,43678,43680],{"className":56,"code":43679,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43681,43682,43703,43724,43728,43743,43757,43772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43683,43684,43687,43689,43691,43693,43695,43697,43699,43701],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43685,43686],{"class":382},"list_a ",[63,43688,386],{"class":270},[63,43690,3216],{"class":73},[63,43692,674],{"class":82},[63,43694,102],{"class":73},[63,43696,105],{"class":82},[63,43698,102],{"class":73},[63,43700,518],{"class":82},[63,43702,3229],{"class":73},[63,43704,43705,43708,43710,43712,43714,43716,43718,43720,43722],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,43706,43707],{"class":382},"list_b ",[63,43709,386],{"class":270},[63,43711,3216],{"class":73},[63,43713,674],{"class":82},[63,43715,102],{"class":73},[63,43717,105],{"class":82},[63,43719,102],{"class":73},[63,43721,518],{"class":82},[63,43723,3229],{"class":73},[63,43725,43726],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,43727,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,43729,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43741],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,43731,70],{"class":69},[63,43733,74],{"class":73},[63,43735,43686],{"class":181},[63,43737,4289],{"class":270},[63,43739,43740],{"class":181}," list_b",[63,43742,397],{"class":73},[63,43744,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,43746,70],{"class":69},[63,43748,74],{"class":73},[63,43750,43686],{"class":181},[63,43752,11809],{"class":3473},[63,43754,43740],{"class":181},[63,43756,397],{"class":73},[63,43758,43759,43761,43763,43765,43767,43770],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,43760,70],{"class":69},[63,43762,74],{"class":73},[63,43764,12265],{"class":69},[63,43766,74],{"class":73},[63,43768,43769],{"class":181},"list_a",[63,43771,86],{"class":73},[63,43773,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782,43785],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,43775,70],{"class":69},[63,43777,74],{"class":73},[63,43779,12265],{"class":69},[63,43781,74],{"class":73},[63,43783,43784],{"class":181},"list_b",[63,43786,86],{"class":73},[20,43788,5161],{},[54,43790,43792],{"className":56,"code":43791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43793,43794,43798],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43795,43796],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43797,3577],{"class":3448},[63,43799,43800],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,43801,3638],{"class":3448},[20,43803,43804],{},"What this means:",[30,43806,43807,43810,43813],{},[33,43808,43809],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,43811,43812],{},"They are not the same object",[33,43814,43815,43816,43818],{},"Their ",[15,43817,43105],{}," values are usually different",[20,43820,43821,43822,43824,43825,307],{},"This is why ",[15,43823,43105],{}," should not replace ",[15,43826,4289],{},[49,43828,43830,43831,43833],{"id":43829},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43832,43105],{}," is useful",[20,43835,43836,43838],{},[15,43837,43105],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,43840,43841,43844,43847,43850],{},[33,43842,43843],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,43845,43846],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,43848,43849],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,43851,43852],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43854,43855,43856,43858],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43857,43105],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[54,43860,43862],{"className":56,"code":43861,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43863,43864,43888,43897,43901,43920,43924,43934,43944,43958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43865,43866,43868,43870,43872,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882,43884,43886],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43867,11701],{"class":382},[63,43869,386],{"class":270},[63,43871,3216],{"class":73},[63,43873,2455],{"class":448},[63,43875,303],{"class":452},[63,43877,2455],{"class":448},[63,43879,102],{"class":73},[63,43881,1375],{"class":448},[63,43883,4362],{"class":452},[63,43885,2455],{"class":448},[63,43887,3229],{"class":73},[63,43889,43890,43893,43895],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,43891,43892],{"class":382},"copy_ref ",[63,43894,386],{"class":270},[63,43896,11739],{"class":382},[63,43898,43899],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,43900,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,43902,43903,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,43904,43905],{"class":382},"copy_ref",[63,43907,307],{"class":73},[63,43909,13170],{"class":181},[63,43911,74],{"class":73},[63,43913,2455],{"class":448},[63,43915,9350],{"class":452},[63,43917,2455],{"class":448},[63,43919,397],{"class":73},[63,43921,43922],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,43923,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,43925,43926,43928,43930,43932],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,43927,70],{"class":69},[63,43929,74],{"class":73},[63,43931,11748],{"class":181},[63,43933,397],{"class":73},[63,43935,43936,43938,43940,43942],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,43937,70],{"class":69},[63,43939,74],{"class":73},[63,43941,43905],{"class":181},[63,43943,397],{"class":73},[63,43945,43946,43948,43950,43952,43954,43956],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,43947,70],{"class":69},[63,43949,74],{"class":73},[63,43951,12265],{"class":69},[63,43953,74],{"class":73},[63,43955,11748],{"class":181},[63,43957,86],{"class":73},[63,43959,43960,43962,43964,43966,43968,43970],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,43961,70],{"class":69},[63,43963,74],{"class":73},[63,43965,12265],{"class":69},[63,43967,74],{"class":73},[63,43969,43905],{"class":181},[63,43971,86],{"class":73},[20,43973,5161],{},[54,43975,43977],{"className":56,"code":43976,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43978,43979,44007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43980,43981,43983,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999,44001,44003,44005],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43982,3497],{"class":73},[63,43984,456],{"class":448},[63,43986,303],{"class":452},[63,43988,456],{"class":448},[63,43990,102],{"class":73},[63,43992,449],{"class":448},[63,43994,4362],{"class":452},[63,43996,456],{"class":448},[63,43998,102],{"class":73},[63,44000,449],{"class":448},[63,44002,9350],{"class":452},[63,44004,456],{"class":448},[63,44006,3229],{"class":73},[63,44008,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031,44033],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44010,3497],{"class":73},[63,44012,456],{"class":448},[63,44014,303],{"class":452},[63,44016,456],{"class":448},[63,44018,102],{"class":73},[63,44020,449],{"class":448},[63,44022,4362],{"class":452},[63,44024,456],{"class":448},[63,44026,102],{"class":73},[63,44028,449],{"class":448},[63,44030,9350],{"class":452},[63,44032,456],{"class":448},[63,44034,3229],{"class":73},[20,44036,44037],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[49,44039,44041,44042],{"id":44040},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44043,43105],{},[20,44045,44046,44047,44049],{},"Do not use ",[15,44048,43105],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44051,44052],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44054,44055,44061,44067,44070],{},[33,44056,44057,44058,44060],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44059,4289],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44062,44063,44064,44066],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44065,43105],{}," values across program runs",[33,44068,44069],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44071,44072,44073],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44074,43105],{},[20,44076,44077],{},"Bad example:",[54,44079,44081],{"className":56,"code":44080,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44082,44083,44095,44107,44111,44133],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44084,44085,44087,44089,44091,44093],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44086,2157],{"class":382},[63,44088,386],{"class":270},[63,44090,1375],{"class":448},[63,44092,36672],{"class":452},[63,44094,1381],{"class":448},[63,44096,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44098,2185],{"class":382},[63,44100,386],{"class":270},[63,44102,1375],{"class":448},[63,44104,36672],{"class":452},[63,44106,1381],{"class":448},[63,44108,44109],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,44110,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,44112,44113,44115,44117,44119,44121,44123,44125,44127,44129,44131],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,44114,6602],{"class":3473},[63,44116,14434],{"class":69},[63,44118,74],{"class":73},[63,44120,303],{"class":181},[63,44122,3256],{"class":73},[63,44124,6011],{"class":270},[63,44126,14434],{"class":69},[63,44128,74],{"class":73},[63,44130,4362],{"class":181},[63,44132,7951],{"class":73},[63,44134,44135,44137,44139,44141,44144,44146],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,44136,7677],{"class":69},[63,44138,74],{"class":73},[63,44140,2455],{"class":448},[63,44142,44143],{"class":452},"The values are equal",[63,44145,2455],{"class":448},[63,44147,397],{"class":73},[20,44149,44150],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[54,44152,44154],{"className":56,"code":44153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44155,44156,44169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44157,44158,44160,44163,44165,44167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44159,6602],{"class":3473},[63,44161,44162],{"class":382}," a ",[63,44164,4289],{"class":270},[63,44166,2162],{"class":382},[63,44168,5996],{"class":73},[63,44170,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44172,7677],{"class":69},[63,44174,74],{"class":73},[63,44176,2455],{"class":448},[63,44178,44143],{"class":452},[63,44180,2455],{"class":448},[63,44182,397],{"class":73},[20,44184,128,44185,632,44187,44189],{},[15,44186,11809],{},[15,44188,43105],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[49,44191,20420],{"id":20419},[20,44193,44194],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44196,44197,44200,44203,44208],{},[33,44198,44199],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44201,44202],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44204,44205,44206],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44207,43105],{},[33,44209,44210,44211],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44212,43105],{},[20,44214,44215],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44217,44218,44223],{},[33,44219,128,44220,44222],{},[15,44221,4289],{}," to check value",[33,44224,128,44225,44227],{},[15,44226,11809],{}," to check identity",[20,44229,44230,44231,44233],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44232,43105],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[49,44235,1186],{"id":1185},[20,44237,44238,44239,2482],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44240,43105],{},[30,44242,44243,44251,44254,44257,44262],{},[33,44244,311,44245,44247,44248,44250],{},[15,44246,43105],{}," when ",[15,44249,4289],{}," should be used",[33,44252,44253],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44255,44256],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44258,44259,44260],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44261,43105],{},[33,44263,311,44264,44266],{},[15,44265,43105],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44268,44269],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[54,44271,44273],{"className":56,"code":44272,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44274,44275,44290,44304,44318,44332],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44276,44277,44279,44281,44283,44285,44288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44278,70],{"class":69},[63,44280,74],{"class":73},[63,44282,12265],{"class":69},[63,44284,74],{"class":73},[63,44286,44287],{"class":181},"my_object",[63,44289,86],{"class":73},[63,44291,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44293,70],{"class":69},[63,44295,74],{"class":73},[63,44297,2157],{"class":181},[63,44299,4289],{"class":270},[63,44301,2162],{"class":181},[63,44303,397],{"class":73},[63,44305,44306,44308,44310,44312,44314,44316],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,44307,70],{"class":69},[63,44309,74],{"class":73},[63,44311,2157],{"class":181},[63,44313,11809],{"class":3473},[63,44315,2162],{"class":181},[63,44317,397],{"class":73},[63,44319,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,44321,70],{"class":69},[63,44323,74],{"class":73},[63,44325,418],{"class":417},[63,44327,74],{"class":73},[63,44329,44287],{"class":181},[63,44331,86],{"class":73},[63,44333,44334,44336,44338,44340],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,44335,31774],{"class":69},[63,44337,74],{"class":73},[63,44339,12265],{"class":69},[63,44341,397],{"class":73},[49,44343,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,44345,44347,44348,12331],{"id":44346},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44349,43105],{},[20,44351,44352],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1193,44354,14521,44356,44358],{"id":44355},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44357,43105],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44360,44361],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1193,44363,21040,44365,44367],{"id":44364},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44366,43105],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44369,29891,44370,44372,44373,632,44375,44377],{},[15,44371,4289],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44374,43105],{},[15,44376,11809],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1193,44379,44381,44382,1506],{"id":44380},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44383,43105],{},[20,44385,44386],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1193,44388,44390,44391,44393],{"id":44389},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44392,43105],{}," values?",[20,44395,44396],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[49,44398,1517],{"id":1516},[30,44400,44401,44406,44411,44416,44424],{},[33,44402,44403],{},[303,44404,44405],{"href":43243},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44407,44408],{},[303,44409,44410],{"href":43552},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44412,44413],{},[303,44414,44415],{"href":43556},"Python data types overview",[33,44417,44418],{},[303,44419,13,44421,469],{"href":44420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44422,44423],{},"isinstance()",[33,44425,44426],{},[303,44427,44429],{"href":44428},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1542,44431,44432],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":44434},[44435,44437,44438,44439,44440,44441,44443,44445,44446,44447,44459],{"id":43209,"depth":89,"text":44436},"What id() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":43377,"depth":89,"text":43378},{"id":43560,"depth":89,"text":43561},{"id":43672,"depth":89,"text":43673},{"id":43829,"depth":89,"text":44442},"When id() is useful",{"id":44040,"depth":89,"text":44444},"When not to use id()",{"id":20419,"depth":89,"text":20420},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":44448},[44449,44451,44453,44455,44457],{"id":44346,"depth":254,"text":44450},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44355,"depth":254,"text":44452},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44364,"depth":254,"text":44454},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44380,"depth":254,"text":44456},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44389,"depth":254,"text":44458},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43097,"description":44460},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44467,"title":41810,"body":44468,"description":46108,"extension":1580,"meta":46109,"navigation":579,"path":46110,"seo":46111,"stem":46112,"__hash__":46113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44469,"toc":46074},[44470,44475,44480,44483,44485,44528,44533,44536,44541,44546,44549,44565,44567,44611,44613,44640,44642,44657,44659,44661,44663,44679,44681,44693,44696,44730,44733,44758,44763,44765,44770,44774,44777,44779,44827,44829,44862,44868,44879,44881,44933,44935,44966,44968,44972,44976,45019,45025,45031,45083,45091,45096,45100,45191,45193,45226,45229,45231,45291,45293,45319,45329,45331,45335,45340,45345,45347,45384,45386,45405,45408,45412,45415,45471,45483,45492,45494,45521,45529,45536,45540,45543,45580,45583,45589,45626,45628,45632,45638,45656,45661,45709,45713,45802,45805,45812,45814,45816,45821,45839,45841,45884,45890,45907,45909,45971,45973,45975,45981,45989,45995,46001,46010,46020,46024,46032,46034,46036,46071],[10,44471,13,44473,18],{"id":44472},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44474,2555],{},[20,44476,1597,44477,44479],{},[15,44478,2555],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44481,44482],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[49,44484,52],{"id":51},[54,44486,44488],{"className":56,"code":44487,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44489,44490,44509],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44491,44492,44494,44496,44498,44500,44502,44505,44507],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44493,7484],{"class":382},[63,44495,386],{"class":270},[63,44497,7851],{"class":69},[63,44499,74],{"class":73},[63,44501,2455],{"class":448},[63,44503,44504],{"class":452},"Enter your name: ",[63,44506,2455],{"class":448},[63,44508,397],{"class":73},[63,44510,44511,44513,44515,44517,44520,44522,44524,44526],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44512,70],{"class":69},[63,44514,74],{"class":73},[63,44516,2455],{"class":448},[63,44518,44519],{"class":452},"Hello, ",[63,44521,2455],{"class":448},[63,44523,2058],{"class":270},[63,44525,35615],{"class":181},[63,44527,397],{"class":73},[20,44529,128,44530,44532],{},[15,44531,2555],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44534,44535],"hr",{},[49,44537,138,44539,141],{"id":44538},"what-input-does",[15,44540,2555],{},[20,44542,44543,44545],{},[15,44544,2555],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44547,44548],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,44550,44551,44556,44559,44562],{},[33,44552,44553,44555],{},[15,44554,2555],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,44557,44558],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,44560,44561],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,44563,44564],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44566,1820],{},[54,44568,44570],{"className":56,"code":44569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44571,44572,44592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44573,44574,44577,44579,44581,44583,44585,44588,44590],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44575,44576],{"class":382},"color ",[63,44578,386],{"class":270},[63,44580,7851],{"class":69},[63,44582,74],{"class":73},[63,44584,2455],{"class":448},[63,44586,44587],{"class":452},"What is your favorite color? ",[63,44589,2455],{"class":448},[63,44591,397],{"class":73},[63,44593,44594,44596,44598,44600,44603,44605,44607,44609],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44595,70],{"class":69},[63,44597,74],{"class":73},[63,44599,2455],{"class":448},[63,44601,44602],{"class":452},"Your favorite color is",[63,44604,2455],{"class":448},[63,44606,102],{"class":73},[63,44608,35474],{"class":181},[63,44610,397],{"class":73},[20,44612,29650],{},[54,44614,44616],{"className":56,"code":44615,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44617,44618,44631],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44619,44620,44622,44624,44627,44629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44621,138],{"class":382},[63,44623,11809],{"class":270},[63,44625,44626],{"class":382}," your favorite color",[63,44628,1506],{"class":36992},[63,44630,35504],{"class":382},[63,44632,44633,44636,44638],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44634,44635],{"class":382},"Your favorite color ",[63,44637,11809],{"class":270},[63,44639,35504],{"class":382},[20,44641,19577],{},[30,44643,44644,44649,44654],{},[33,44645,44646,44647],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44648,44587],{},[33,44650,44651,44652],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44653,32513],{},[33,44655,44656],{},"That value is then printed",[44534,44658],{},[49,44660,164],{"id":163},[20,44662,6823],{},[54,44664,44666],{"className":56,"code":44665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44667,44668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44669,44670,44672,44674,44677],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44671,42079],{"class":69},[63,44673,74],{"class":73},[63,44675,44676],{"class":181},"prompt",[63,44678,397],{"class":73},[20,44680,11072],{},[30,44682,44683,44687,44690],{},[33,44684,1597,44685,204],{},[15,44686,44676],{},[33,44688,44689],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,44691,44692],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44694,44695],{},"Example with a prompt:",[54,44697,44699],{"className":56,"code":44698,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44700,44701,44720],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44702,44703,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713,44716,44718],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44704,7569],{"class":382},[63,44706,386],{"class":270},[63,44708,7851],{"class":69},[63,44710,74],{"class":73},[63,44712,2455],{"class":448},[63,44714,44715],{"class":452},"Enter your username: ",[63,44717,2455],{"class":448},[63,44719,397],{"class":73},[63,44721,44722,44724,44726,44728],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44723,70],{"class":69},[63,44725,74],{"class":73},[63,44727,7593],{"class":181},[63,44729,397],{"class":73},[20,44731,44732],{},"Example without a prompt:",[54,44734,44736],{"className":56,"code":44735,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44737,44738,44748],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44739,44740,44742,44744,44746],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44741,984],{"class":382},[63,44743,386],{"class":270},[63,44745,7851],{"class":69},[63,44747,8252],{"class":73},[63,44749,44750,44752,44754,44756],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44751,70],{"class":69},[63,44753,74],{"class":73},[63,44755,1002],{"class":181},[63,44757,397],{"class":73},[20,44759,7369,44760,44762],{},[15,44761,2555],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44534,44764],{},[49,44766,138,44768,11320],{"id":44767},"what-input-returns",[15,44769,2555],{},[20,44771,44772,7834],{},[15,44773,2555],{},[20,44775,44776],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44778,1820],{},[54,44780,44782],{"className":56,"code":44781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44783,44784,44803,44813],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44785,44786,44788,44790,44792,44794,44796,44799,44801],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44787,21248],{"class":382},[63,44789,386],{"class":270},[63,44791,7851],{"class":69},[63,44793,74],{"class":73},[63,44795,2455],{"class":448},[63,44797,44798],{"class":452},"Enter your age: ",[63,44800,2455],{"class":448},[63,44802,397],{"class":73},[63,44804,44805,44807,44809,44811],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44806,70],{"class":69},[63,44808,74],{"class":73},[63,44810,8909],{"class":181},[63,44812,397],{"class":73},[63,44814,44815,44817,44819,44821,44823,44825],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,44816,70],{"class":69},[63,44818,74],{"class":73},[63,44820,418],{"class":417},[63,44822,74],{"class":73},[63,44824,8909],{"class":181},[63,44826,86],{"class":73},[20,44828,29650],{},[54,44830,44832],{"className":56,"code":44831,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44833,44834,44844,44848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44835,44836,44839,44841],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44837,44838],{"class":382},"Enter your age",[63,44840,2482],{"class":73},[63,44842,44843],{"class":82}," 25\n",[63,44845,44846],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44847,2310],{"class":82},[63,44849,44850,44852,44854,44856,44858,44860],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,44851,441],{"class":270},[63,44853,445],{"class":444},[63,44855,449],{"class":448},[63,44857,3037],{"class":452},[63,44859,456],{"class":448},[63,44861,459],{"class":270},[20,44863,44864,44865,44867],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44866,8803],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44869,44870,44871,632,44875,307],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[303,44872,44873],{"href":465},[15,44874,468],{},[303,44876,44877],{"href":635},[15,44878,638],{},[20,44880,1820],{},[54,44882,44884],{"className":56,"code":44883,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44885,44886,44909,44919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44887,44888,44890,44892,44895,44897,44899,44901,44903,44905,44907],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44889,21248],{"class":382},[63,44891,386],{"class":270},[63,44893,44894],{"class":417}," int",[63,44896,74],{"class":73},[63,44898,42079],{"class":69},[63,44900,74],{"class":73},[63,44902,2455],{"class":448},[63,44904,44798],{"class":452},[63,44906,2455],{"class":448},[63,44908,86],{"class":73},[63,44910,44911,44913,44915,44917],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44912,70],{"class":69},[63,44914,74],{"class":73},[63,44916,8909],{"class":181},[63,44918,397],{"class":73},[63,44920,44921,44923,44925,44927,44929,44931],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,44922,70],{"class":69},[63,44924,74],{"class":73},[63,44926,418],{"class":417},[63,44928,74],{"class":73},[63,44930,8909],{"class":181},[63,44932,86],{"class":73},[20,44934,29650],{},[54,44936,44938],{"className":56,"code":44937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44939,44940,44948,44952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44941,44942,44944,44946],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44943,44838],{"class":382},[63,44945,2482],{"class":73},[63,44947,44843],{"class":82},[63,44949,44950],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,44951,2310],{"class":82},[63,44953,44954,44956,44958,44960,44962,44964],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,44955,441],{"class":270},[63,44957,445],{"class":444},[63,44959,449],{"class":448},[63,44961,453],{"class":452},[63,44963,456],{"class":448},[63,44965,459],{"class":270},[44534,44967],{},[49,44969,44971],{"id":44970},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1193,44973,44975],{"id":44974},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[54,44977,44979],{"className":56,"code":44978,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44980,44981,45000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44982,44983,44985,44987,44989,44991,44993,44996,44998],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44984,7484],{"class":382},[63,44986,386],{"class":270},[63,44988,7851],{"class":69},[63,44990,74],{"class":73},[63,44992,2455],{"class":448},[63,44994,44995],{"class":452},"What is your name? ",[63,44997,2455],{"class":448},[63,44999,397],{"class":73},[63,45001,45002,45004,45006,45008,45011,45013,45015,45017],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45003,70],{"class":69},[63,45005,74],{"class":73},[63,45007,2455],{"class":448},[63,45009,45010],{"class":452},"Hello,",[63,45012,2455],{"class":448},[63,45014,102],{"class":73},[63,45016,35615],{"class":181},[63,45018,397],{"class":73},[20,45020,45021,45022,45024],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45023,7274],{}," and prints it.",[1193,45026,45028,45029],{"id":45027},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45030,468],{},[54,45032,45034],{"className":56,"code":45033,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45035,45036,45059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45037,45038,45040,45042,45044,45046,45048,45050,45052,45055,45057],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45039,21248],{"class":382},[63,45041,386],{"class":270},[63,45043,44894],{"class":417},[63,45045,74],{"class":73},[63,45047,42079],{"class":69},[63,45049,74],{"class":73},[63,45051,2455],{"class":448},[63,45053,45054],{"class":452},"How old are you? ",[63,45056,2455],{"class":448},[63,45058,86],{"class":73},[63,45060,45061,45063,45065,45067,45070,45072,45074,45077,45079,45081],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45062,70],{"class":69},[63,45064,74],{"class":73},[63,45066,2455],{"class":448},[63,45068,45069],{"class":452},"Next year you will be",[63,45071,2455],{"class":448},[63,45073,102],{"class":73},[63,45075,45076],{"class":181}," age ",[63,45078,1675],{"class":270},[63,45080,249],{"class":82},[63,45082,397],{"class":73},[20,45084,5663,45085,45087,45088,45090],{},[15,45086,468],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45089,2555],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45092,45093,45094,307],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[303,45095,8591],{"href":8590},[1193,45097,45099],{"id":45098},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[54,45101,45103],{"className":56,"code":45102,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45104,45105,45129,45153,45167,45171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45106,45107,45110,45112,45114,45116,45118,45120,45122,45125,45127],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45108,45109],{"class":382},"num1 ",[63,45111,386],{"class":270},[63,45113,44894],{"class":417},[63,45115,74],{"class":73},[63,45117,42079],{"class":69},[63,45119,74],{"class":73},[63,45121,2455],{"class":448},[63,45123,45124],{"class":452},"Enter the first number: ",[63,45126,2455],{"class":448},[63,45128,86],{"class":73},[63,45130,45131,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142,45144,45146,45149,45151],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45132,45133],{"class":382},"num2 ",[63,45135,386],{"class":270},[63,45137,44894],{"class":417},[63,45139,74],{"class":73},[63,45141,42079],{"class":69},[63,45143,74],{"class":73},[63,45145,2455],{"class":448},[63,45147,45148],{"class":452},"Enter the second number: ",[63,45150,2455],{"class":448},[63,45152,86],{"class":73},[63,45154,45155,45157,45159,45162,45164],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,45156,40799],{"class":382},[63,45158,386],{"class":270},[63,45160,45161],{"class":382}," num1 ",[63,45163,1675],{"class":270},[63,45165,45166],{"class":382}," num2\n",[63,45168,45169],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,45170,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,45172,45173,45175,45177,45179,45182,45184,45186,45189],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,45174,70],{"class":69},[63,45176,74],{"class":73},[63,45178,2455],{"class":448},[63,45180,45181],{"class":452},"Total:",[63,45183,2455],{"class":448},[63,45185,102],{"class":73},[63,45187,45188],{"class":181}," total",[63,45190,397],{"class":73},[20,45192,29650],{},[54,45194,45196],{"className":56,"code":45195,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45197,45198,45208,45217],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45199,45200,45203,45205],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45201,45202],{"class":382},"Enter the first number",[63,45204,2482],{"class":73},[63,45206,45207],{"class":82}," 2\n",[63,45209,45210,45213,45215],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45211,45212],{"class":382},"Enter the second number",[63,45214,2482],{"class":73},[63,45216,2180],{"class":82},[63,45218,45219,45222,45224],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,45220,45221],{"class":382},"Total",[63,45223,2482],{"class":73},[63,45225,34464],{"class":82},[20,45227,45228],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45230,1820],{},[54,45232,45234],{"className":56,"code":45233,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45235,45236,45254,45272,45276],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45237,45238,45240,45242,45244,45246,45248,45250,45252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45239,45109],{"class":382},[63,45241,386],{"class":270},[63,45243,7851],{"class":69},[63,45245,74],{"class":73},[63,45247,2455],{"class":448},[63,45249,45124],{"class":452},[63,45251,2455],{"class":448},[63,45253,397],{"class":73},[63,45255,45256,45258,45260,45262,45264,45266,45268,45270],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45257,45133],{"class":382},[63,45259,386],{"class":270},[63,45261,7851],{"class":69},[63,45263,74],{"class":73},[63,45265,2455],{"class":448},[63,45267,45148],{"class":452},[63,45269,2455],{"class":448},[63,45271,397],{"class":73},[63,45273,45274],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,45275,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,45277,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45289],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,45279,70],{"class":69},[63,45281,74],{"class":73},[63,45283,45109],{"class":181},[63,45285,1675],{"class":270},[63,45287,45288],{"class":181}," num2",[63,45290,397],{"class":73},[20,45292,29650],{},[54,45294,45296],{"className":56,"code":45295,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45297,45298,45306,45314],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45299,45300,45302,45304],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45301,45202],{"class":382},[63,45303,2482],{"class":73},[63,45305,45207],{"class":82},[63,45307,45308,45310,45312],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45309,45212],{"class":382},[63,45311,2482],{"class":73},[63,45313,2180],{"class":82},[63,45315,45316],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,45317,45318],{"class":82},"23\n",[20,45320,45321,45322,45325,45326,307],{},"That happens because ",[15,45323,45324],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45327,45328],{},"\"23\"",[44534,45330],{},[49,45332,45334],{"id":45333},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45336,45337,45338,307],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45339,2555],{},[1193,45341,4305,45343,41159],{"id":45342},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45344,2555],{},[20,45346,38825],{},[54,45348,45350],{"className":56,"code":45349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45351,45352,45370],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45353,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366,45368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45355,984],{"class":382},[63,45357,386],{"class":270},[63,45359,7851],{"class":69},[63,45361,74],{"class":73},[63,45363,2455],{"class":448},[63,45365,41488],{"class":452},[63,45367,2455],{"class":448},[63,45369,397],{"class":73},[63,45371,45372,45374,45376,45378,45380,45382],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45373,70],{"class":69},[63,45375,74],{"class":73},[63,45377,418],{"class":417},[63,45379,74],{"class":73},[63,45381,1002],{"class":181},[63,45383,86],{"class":73},[20,45385,110],{},[54,45387,45389],{"className":56,"code":45388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45390,45391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45392,45393,45395,45397,45399,45401,45403],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45394,441],{"class":270},[63,45396,445],{"class":444},[63,45398,449],{"class":448},[63,45400,3037],{"class":452},[63,45402,456],{"class":448},[63,45404,459],{"class":270},[20,45406,45407],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1193,45409,45411],{"id":45410},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45413,45414],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[54,45416,45418],{"className":56,"code":45417,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45419,45420,45438,45457],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45421,45422,45424,45426,45428,45430,45432,45434,45436],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45423,2157],{"class":382},[63,45425,386],{"class":270},[63,45427,7851],{"class":69},[63,45429,74],{"class":73},[63,45431,2455],{"class":448},[63,45433,41488],{"class":452},[63,45435,2455],{"class":448},[63,45437,397],{"class":73},[63,45439,45440,45442,45444,45446,45448,45450,45453,45455],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45441,2185],{"class":382},[63,45443,386],{"class":270},[63,45445,7851],{"class":69},[63,45447,74],{"class":73},[63,45449,2455],{"class":448},[63,45451,45452],{"class":452},"Enter another number: ",[63,45454,2455],{"class":448},[63,45456,397],{"class":73},[63,45458,45459,45461,45463,45465,45467,45469],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,45460,70],{"class":69},[63,45462,74],{"class":73},[63,45464,2157],{"class":181},[63,45466,1675],{"class":270},[63,45468,2162],{"class":181},[63,45470,397],{"class":73},[20,45472,40740,45473,3993,45475,45477,45478,18583,45481,307],{},[15,45474,952],{},[15,45476,1750],{},", the result is ",[15,45479,45480],{},"45",[15,45482,1758],{},[1193,45484,45486,45487,45489,45490],{"id":45485},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45488,40326],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45491,468],{},[20,45493,1820],{},[54,45495,45497],{"className":56,"code":45496,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45498,45499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45500,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515,45517,45519],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45502,21248],{"class":382},[63,45504,386],{"class":270},[63,45506,44894],{"class":417},[63,45508,74],{"class":73},[63,45510,42079],{"class":69},[63,45512,74],{"class":73},[63,45514,2455],{"class":448},[63,45516,44798],{"class":452},[63,45518,2455],{"class":448},[63,45520,86],{"class":73},[20,45522,7880,45523,45526,45527,307],{},[15,45524,45525],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45528,40326],{},[20,45530,45531,45532,307],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[303,45533,45535],{"href":45534},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1193,45537,45539],{"id":45538},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45541,45542],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[54,45544,45546],{"className":56,"code":45545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45547,45548,45566],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45549,45550,45552,45554,45556,45558,45560,45562,45564],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45551,7484],{"class":382},[63,45553,386],{"class":270},[63,45555,7851],{"class":69},[63,45557,74],{"class":73},[63,45559,2455],{"class":448},[63,45561,44504],{"class":452},[63,45563,2455],{"class":448},[63,45565,397],{"class":73},[63,45567,45568,45570,45572,45574,45576,45578],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45569,70],{"class":69},[63,45571,74],{"class":73},[63,45573,41396],{"class":69},[63,45575,74],{"class":73},[63,45577,7274],{"class":181},[63,45579,86],{"class":73},[20,45581,45582],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45584,45585,45586,2482],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45587,45588],{},".strip()",[54,45590,45592],{"className":56,"code":45591,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45593,45594,45616],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45595,45596,45598,45600,45602,45604,45606,45608,45610,45612,45614],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45597,7484],{"class":382},[63,45599,386],{"class":270},[63,45601,7851],{"class":69},[63,45603,74],{"class":73},[63,45605,2455],{"class":448},[63,45607,44504],{"class":452},[63,45609,2455],{"class":448},[63,45611,8240],{"class":73},[63,45613,8243],{"class":181},[63,45615,8252],{"class":73},[63,45617,45618,45620,45622,45624],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45619,70],{"class":69},[63,45621,74],{"class":73},[63,45623,7274],{"class":181},[63,45625,397],{"class":73},[44534,45627],{},[49,45629,45631],{"id":45630},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45633,45634,45635,45637],{},"These habits make ",[15,45636,2555],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,45639,45640,45643,45648,45651],{},[33,45641,45642],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,45644,128,45645,45647],{},[15,45646,45588],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,45649,45650],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,45652,128,45653,45655],{},[15,45654,29402],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45657,45658,45659,2482],{},"Example with ",[15,45660,45588],{},[54,45662,45664],{"className":56,"code":45663,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45665,45666,45690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45667,45668,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679,45682,45684,45686,45688],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45669,45670],{"class":382},"city ",[63,45672,386],{"class":270},[63,45674,7851],{"class":69},[63,45676,74],{"class":73},[63,45678,2455],{"class":448},[63,45680,45681],{"class":452},"Enter your city: ",[63,45683,2455],{"class":448},[63,45685,8240],{"class":73},[63,45687,8243],{"class":181},[63,45689,8252],{"class":73},[63,45691,45692,45694,45696,45698,45701,45703,45705,45707],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45693,70],{"class":69},[63,45695,74],{"class":73},[63,45697,2455],{"class":448},[63,45699,45700],{"class":452},"City:",[63,45702,2455],{"class":448},[63,45704,102],{"class":73},[63,45706,31006],{"class":181},[63,45708,397],{"class":73},[20,45710,45658,45711,2482],{},[15,45712,29402],{},[54,45714,45716],{"className":56,"code":45715,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45717,45718,45724,45747,45779,45787],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45719,45720,45722],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45721,29424],{"class":3473},[63,45723,5996],{"class":73},[63,45725,45726,45729,45731,45733,45735,45737,45739,45741,45743,45745],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45727,45728],{"class":382},"    age ",[63,45730,386],{"class":270},[63,45732,44894],{"class":417},[63,45734,74],{"class":73},[63,45736,42079],{"class":69},[63,45738,74],{"class":73},[63,45740,2455],{"class":448},[63,45742,44798],{"class":452},[63,45744,2455],{"class":448},[63,45746,86],{"class":73},[63,45748,45749,45751,45753,45755,45758,45760,45762,45764,45766,45768,45770,45772,45775,45777],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,45750,7677],{"class":69},[63,45752,74],{"class":73},[63,45754,2455],{"class":448},[63,45756,45757],{"class":452},"You will be",[63,45759,2455],{"class":448},[63,45761,102],{"class":73},[63,45763,45076],{"class":181},[63,45765,1675],{"class":270},[63,45767,249],{"class":82},[63,45769,102],{"class":73},[63,45771,1375],{"class":448},[63,45773,45774],{"class":452},"next year",[63,45776,2455],{"class":448},[63,45778,397],{"class":73},[63,45780,45781,45783,45785],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,45782,29455],{"class":3473},[63,45784,41543],{"class":417},[63,45786,5996],{"class":73},[63,45788,45789,45791,45793,45795,45798,45800],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,45790,7677],{"class":69},[63,45792,74],{"class":73},[63,45794,2455],{"class":448},[63,45796,45797],{"class":452},"Please enter a whole number.",[63,45799,2455],{"class":448},[63,45801,397],{"class":73},[20,45803,45804],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45806,45807,45808,307],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[303,45809,45811],{"href":45810},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44534,45813],{},[49,45815,1186],{"id":1185},[20,45817,45818,45819,2482],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45820,2555],{},[30,45822,45823,45830,45833,45836],{},[33,45824,45825,45826,632,45828],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45827,468],{},[15,45829,638],{},[33,45831,45832],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,45834,45835],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,45837,45838],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45840,31704],{},[54,45842,45844],{"className":56,"code":45843,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45845,45846,45856,45870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45847,45848,45850,45852,45854],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45849,70],{"class":69},[63,45851,74],{"class":73},[63,45853,1002],{"class":181},[63,45855,397],{"class":73},[63,45857,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45859,70],{"class":69},[63,45861,74],{"class":73},[63,45863,418],{"class":417},[63,45865,74],{"class":73},[63,45867,1002],{"class":181},[63,45869,86],{"class":73},[63,45871,45872,45874,45876,45878,45880,45882],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,45873,70],{"class":69},[63,45875,74],{"class":73},[63,45877,41396],{"class":69},[63,45879,74],{"class":73},[63,45881,1002],{"class":181},[63,45883,86],{"class":73},[20,45885,45886,45887,45889],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45888,2555],{}," actually returned:",[30,45891,45892,45897,45902],{},[33,45893,45894,45896],{},[15,45895,41444],{}," shows the value",[33,45898,45899,45901],{},[15,45900,41450],{}," shows the data type",[33,45903,45904,45906],{},[15,45905,41455],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45908,1820],{},[54,45910,45912],{"className":56,"code":45911,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45913,45914,45933,45943,45957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45915,45916,45918,45920,45922,45924,45926,45929,45931],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45917,984],{"class":382},[63,45919,386],{"class":270},[63,45921,7851],{"class":69},[63,45923,74],{"class":73},[63,45925,2455],{"class":448},[63,45927,45928],{"class":452},"Enter something: ",[63,45930,2455],{"class":448},[63,45932,397],{"class":73},[63,45934,45935,45937,45939,45941],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,45936,70],{"class":69},[63,45938,74],{"class":73},[63,45940,1002],{"class":181},[63,45942,397],{"class":73},[63,45944,45945,45947,45949,45951,45953,45955],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,45946,70],{"class":69},[63,45948,74],{"class":73},[63,45950,418],{"class":417},[63,45952,74],{"class":73},[63,45954,1002],{"class":181},[63,45956,86],{"class":73},[63,45958,45959,45961,45963,45965,45967,45969],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,45960,70],{"class":69},[63,45962,74],{"class":73},[63,45964,41396],{"class":69},[63,45966,74],{"class":73},[63,45968,1002],{"class":181},[63,45970,86],{"class":73},[44534,45972],{},[49,45974,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,45976,1459,45978,45980],{"id":45977},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45979,2555],{}," return an integer?",[20,45982,45983,45984,45986,45987,39556],{},"No. ",[15,45985,2555],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45988,468],{},[1193,45990,45992,45993,1506],{"id":45991},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45994,2555],{},[20,45996,45997,45998,46000],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45999,2555],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1193,46002,4760,46004,46007,46008,1506],{"id":46003},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46005,46006],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46009,2555],{},[20,46011,28681,46012,46014,46015,41772,46017,46019],{},[15,46013,2555],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46016,45324],{},[15,46018,45328],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1193,46021,46023],{"id":46022},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46025,128,46026,46028,46029,307],{},[15,46027,45588],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46030,46031],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44534,46033],{},[49,46035,1517],{"id":1516},[30,46037,46038,46043,46047,46053,46059,46063],{},[33,46039,46040],{},[303,46041,46042],{"href":45810},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46044,46045],{},[303,46046,8668],{"href":8590},[33,46048,46049],{},[303,46050,13,46051,469],{"href":465},[15,46052,468],{},[33,46054,46055],{},[303,46056,13,46057,469],{"href":635},[15,46058,638],{},[33,46060,46061],{},[303,46062,45535],{"href":45534},[33,46064,46065],{},[303,46066,13,46068,469],{"href":46067},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46069,46070],{},"print()",[1542,46072,46073],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":46075},[46076,46077,46079,46080,46082,46088,46096,46097,46098,46107],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":44538,"depth":89,"text":46078},"What input() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":44767,"depth":89,"text":46081},"What input() returns",{"id":44970,"depth":89,"text":44971,"children":46083},[46084,46085,46087],{"id":44974,"depth":254,"text":44975},{"id":45027,"depth":254,"text":46086},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45098,"depth":254,"text":45099},{"id":45333,"depth":89,"text":45334,"children":46089},[46090,46092,46093,46095],{"id":45342,"depth":254,"text":46091},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45410,"depth":254,"text":45411},{"id":45485,"depth":254,"text":46094},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45538,"depth":254,"text":45539},{"id":45630,"depth":89,"text":45631},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":46099},[46100,46102,46104,46106],{"id":45977,"depth":254,"text":46101},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45991,"depth":254,"text":46103},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46003,"depth":254,"text":46105},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46022,"depth":254,"text":46023},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41810,"description":46108},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46115,"title":41713,"body":46116,"description":48425,"extension":1580,"meta":48426,"navigation":579,"path":48427,"seo":48428,"stem":48429,"__hash__":48430},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46117,"toc":48377},[46118,46123,46128,46133,46154,46157,46159,46219,46221,46239,46244,46249,46254,46256,46269,46271,46354,46356,46397,46403,46405,46435,46441,46444,46461,46463,46515,46517,46535,46541,46547,46550,46568,46570,46643,46645,46664,46671,46677,46682,46685,46745,46747,46766,46769,46772,46787,46793,46797,46858,46860,46881,46885,47014,47016,47146,47156,47162,47168,47176,47242,47244,47269,47272,47288,47301,47307,47310,47343,47345,47358,47361,47404,47406,47414,47421,47425,47432,47436,47463,47465,47473,47479,47496,47501,47505,47532,47534,47542,47546,47551,47554,47580,47583,47592,47600,47604,47614,47618,47621,47623,47674,47676,47706,47715,47742,47744,47752,47762,47766,47769,47771,47819,47821,47865,47871,47922,47924,47943,47948,47953,47956,47975,47978,48030,48032,48041,48043,48047,48051,48054,48063,48070,48072,48099,48103,48105,48114,48117,48124,48130,48190,48194,48196,48204,48207,48233,48239,48242,48262,48264,48272,48280,48282,48288,48293,48300,48310,48316,48324,48328,48331,48333,48374],[10,46119,13,46121,18],{"id":46120},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46122,468],{},[20,46124,31939,46125,46127],{},[15,46126,468],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46129,35028,46130,46132],{},[15,46131,468],{}," when they want to:",[30,46134,46135,46145,46148,46151],{},[33,46136,46137,46138,46141,46142],{},"turn text like ",[15,46139,46140],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46143,46144],{},"42",[33,46146,46147],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46149,46150],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46152,46153],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46155,46156],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[49,46158,52],{"id":51},[54,46160,46162],{"className":56,"code":46161,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46163,46164,46182,46196],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46165,46166,46168,46170,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46167,70],{"class":69},[63,46169,74],{"class":73},[63,46171,453],{"class":417},[63,46173,74],{"class":73},[63,46175,2455],{"class":448},[63,46177,46144],{"class":452},[63,46179,2455],{"class":448},[63,46181,86],{"class":73},[63,46183,46184,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46185,70],{"class":69},[63,46187,74],{"class":73},[63,46189,453],{"class":417},[63,46191,74],{"class":73},[63,46193,41601],{"class":82},[63,46195,86],{"class":73},[63,46197,46198,46200,46202,46204,46206,46208,46211,46213,46215,46217],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46199,70],{"class":69},[63,46201,74],{"class":73},[63,46203,453],{"class":417},[63,46205,74],{"class":73},[63,46207,2455],{"class":448},[63,46209,46210],{"class":452},"101",[63,46212,2455],{"class":448},[63,46214,102],{"class":73},[63,46216,105],{"class":82},[63,46218,86],{"class":73},[20,46220,110],{},[54,46222,46224],{"className":56,"code":46223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46225,46226,46231,46235],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46227,46228],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46229,46230],{"class":82},"42\n",[63,46232,46233],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46234,120],{"class":82},[63,46236,46237],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46238,369],{"class":82},[20,46240,128,46241,46243],{},[15,46242,468],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[49,46245,138,46247,141],{"id":46246},"what-int-does",[15,46248,468],{},[20,46250,46251,46253],{},[15,46252,468],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46255,12668],{},[30,46257,46258,46263,46266],{},[33,46259,46260,46261,6945],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46262,453],{},[33,46264,46265],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46267,46268],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46270,1820],{},[54,46272,46274],{"className":56,"code":46273,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46275,46276,46288,46302,46306,46316,46326,46340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46277,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46279,1370],{"class":382},[63,46281,386],{"class":270},[63,46283,1375],{"class":448},[63,46285,8803],{"class":452},[63,46287,1381],{"class":448},[63,46289,46290,46292,46294,46296,46298,46300],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46291,1386],{"class":382},[63,46293,386],{"class":270},[63,46295,44894],{"class":417},[63,46297,74],{"class":73},[63,46299,1396],{"class":181},[63,46301,397],{"class":73},[63,46303,46304],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46305,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,46307,46308,46310,46312,46314],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,46309,70],{"class":69},[63,46311,74],{"class":73},[63,46313,1396],{"class":181},[63,46315,397],{"class":73},[63,46317,46318,46320,46322,46324],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,46319,70],{"class":69},[63,46321,74],{"class":73},[63,46323,182],{"class":181},[63,46325,397],{"class":73},[63,46327,46328,46330,46332,46334,46336,46338],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,46329,70],{"class":69},[63,46331,74],{"class":73},[63,46333,418],{"class":417},[63,46335,74],{"class":73},[63,46337,1396],{"class":181},[63,46339,86],{"class":73},[63,46341,46342,46344,46346,46348,46350,46352],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,46343,70],{"class":69},[63,46345,74],{"class":73},[63,46347,418],{"class":417},[63,46349,74],{"class":73},[63,46351,182],{"class":181},[63,46353,86],{"class":73},[20,46355,110],{},[54,46357,46359],{"className":56,"code":46358,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46360,46361,46365,46369,46383],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46362,46363],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46364,2310],{"class":82},[63,46366,46367],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46368,2310],{"class":82},[63,46370,46371,46373,46375,46377,46379,46381],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46372,441],{"class":270},[63,46374,445],{"class":444},[63,46376,449],{"class":448},[63,46378,3037],{"class":452},[63,46380,456],{"class":448},[63,46382,459],{"class":270},[63,46384,46385,46387,46389,46391,46393,46395],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,46386,441],{"class":270},[63,46388,445],{"class":444},[63,46390,449],{"class":448},[63,46392,453],{"class":452},[63,46394,456],{"class":448},[63,46396,459],{"class":270},[20,46398,46399,46400,46402],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46401,468],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[49,46404,164],{"id":163},[54,46406,46408],{"className":56,"code":46407,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46409,46410,46420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46411,46412,46414,46416,46418],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46413,453],{"class":417},[63,46415,74],{"class":73},[63,46417,1786],{"class":181},[63,46419,397],{"class":73},[63,46421,46422,46424,46426,46428,46430,46433],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46423,453],{"class":417},[63,46425,74],{"class":73},[63,46427,1786],{"class":181},[63,46429,102],{"class":73},[63,46431,46432],{"class":181}," base",[63,46434,397],{"class":73},[1193,46436,46438],{"id":46437},"intx",[15,46439,46440],{},"int(x)",[20,46442,46443],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46445,46446,46451,46456],{},[33,46447,46448,46449],{},"a string such as ",[15,46450,41743],{},[33,46452,46453,46454],{},"a float such as ",[15,46455,41601],{},[33,46457,46458,46459],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46460,3196],{},[20,46462,1820],{},[54,46464,46466],{"className":56,"code":46465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46467,46468,46486,46501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46469,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46471,70],{"class":69},[63,46473,74],{"class":73},[63,46475,453],{"class":417},[63,46477,74],{"class":73},[63,46479,2455],{"class":448},[63,46481,1940],{"class":452},[63,46483,2455],{"class":448},[63,46485,86],{"class":73},[63,46487,46488,46490,46492,46494,46496,46499],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46489,70],{"class":69},[63,46491,74],{"class":73},[63,46493,453],{"class":417},[63,46495,74],{"class":73},[63,46497,46498],{"class":82},"8.7",[63,46500,86],{"class":73},[63,46502,46503,46505,46507,46509,46511,46513],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46504,70],{"class":69},[63,46506,74],{"class":73},[63,46508,453],{"class":417},[63,46510,74],{"class":73},[63,46512,3196],{"class":3448},[63,46514,86],{"class":73},[20,46516,110],{},[54,46518,46520],{"className":56,"code":46519,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46521,46522,46526,46530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46523,46524],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46525,436],{"class":82},[63,46527,46528],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46529,288],{"class":82},[63,46531,46532],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46533,46534],{"class":82},"1\n",[1193,46536,46538],{"id":46537},"intx-base",[15,46539,46540],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46542,46543,46544,46546],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46545,1786],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46548,46549],{},"Common bases:",[30,46551,46552,46557,46562],{},[33,46553,46554,46556],{},[15,46555,274],{}," for binary",[33,46558,46559,46561],{},[15,46560,1955],{}," for octal",[33,46563,46564,46567],{},[15,46565,46566],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46569,1820],{},[54,46571,46573],{"className":56,"code":46572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46574,46575,46597,46620],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46576,46577,46579,46581,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591,46593,46595],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46578,70],{"class":69},[63,46580,74],{"class":73},[63,46582,453],{"class":417},[63,46584,74],{"class":73},[63,46586,2455],{"class":448},[63,46588,46210],{"class":452},[63,46590,2455],{"class":448},[63,46592,102],{"class":73},[63,46594,105],{"class":82},[63,46596,86],{"class":73},[63,46598,46599,46601,46603,46605,46607,46609,46612,46614,46616,46618],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46600,70],{"class":69},[63,46602,74],{"class":73},[63,46604,453],{"class":417},[63,46606,74],{"class":73},[63,46608,2455],{"class":448},[63,46610,46611],{"class":452},"17",[63,46613,2455],{"class":448},[63,46615,102],{"class":73},[63,46617,5962],{"class":82},[63,46619,86],{"class":73},[63,46621,46622,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632,46635,46637,46639,46641],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46623,70],{"class":69},[63,46625,74],{"class":73},[63,46627,453],{"class":417},[63,46629,74],{"class":73},[63,46631,2455],{"class":448},[63,46633,46634],{"class":452},"1A",[63,46636,2455],{"class":448},[63,46638,102],{"class":73},[63,46640,13605],{"class":82},[63,46642,86],{"class":73},[20,46644,110],{},[54,46646,46648],{"className":56,"code":46647,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46649,46650,46654,46659],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46651,46652],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46653,369],{"class":82},[63,46655,46656],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46657,46658],{"class":82},"15\n",[63,46660,46661],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46662,46663],{"class":82},"26\n",[20,46665,46666,46667,307],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[303,46668,46669,1912],{"href":635},[15,46670,638],{},[49,46672,311,46674,46676],{"id":46673},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46675,468],{}," with strings",[20,46678,46679,46681],{},[15,46680,468],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46683,46684],{},"Examples that work:",[54,46686,46688],{"className":56,"code":46687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46689,46690,46708,46726],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46691,46692,46694,46696,46698,46700,46702,46704,46706],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46693,70],{"class":69},[63,46695,74],{"class":73},[63,46697,453],{"class":417},[63,46699,74],{"class":73},[63,46701,2455],{"class":448},[63,46703,1750],{"class":452},[63,46705,2455],{"class":448},[63,46707,86],{"class":73},[63,46709,46710,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722,46724],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46711,70],{"class":69},[63,46713,74],{"class":73},[63,46715,453],{"class":417},[63,46717,74],{"class":73},[63,46719,2455],{"class":448},[63,46721,1901],{"class":452},[63,46723,2455],{"class":448},[63,46725,86],{"class":73},[63,46727,46728,46730,46732,46734,46736,46738,46741,46743],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46729,70],{"class":69},[63,46731,74],{"class":73},[63,46733,453],{"class":417},[63,46735,74],{"class":73},[63,46737,2455],{"class":448},[63,46739,46740],{"class":452},"  42  ",[63,46742,2455],{"class":448},[63,46744,86],{"class":73},[20,46746,110],{},[54,46748,46750],{"className":56,"code":46749,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46751,46752,46756,46762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46753,46754],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46755,369],{"class":82},[63,46757,46758,46760],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46759,1639],{"class":270},[63,46761,1836],{"class":82},[63,46763,46764],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46765,46230],{"class":82},[20,46767,46768],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46770,46771],{},"Examples that fail:",[54,46773,46775],{"className":56,"code":46774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46776,46777,46782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46778,46779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46780,46781],{"class":1357},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[63,46783,46784],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46785,46786],{"class":1357},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46788,46789,46790,46792],{},"These raise ",[15,46791,40326],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1193,46794,46796],{"id":46795},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[54,46798,46800],{"className":56,"code":46799,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46801,46802,46820,46839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46803,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814,46816,46818],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46805,70],{"class":69},[63,46807,74],{"class":73},[63,46809,453],{"class":417},[63,46811,74],{"class":73},[63,46813,2455],{"class":448},[63,46815,1734],{"class":452},[63,46817,2455],{"class":448},[63,46819,86],{"class":73},[63,46821,46822,46824,46826,46828,46830,46832,46835,46837],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46823,70],{"class":69},[63,46825,74],{"class":73},[63,46827,453],{"class":417},[63,46829,74],{"class":73},[63,46831,2455],{"class":448},[63,46833,46834],{"class":452},"+7",[63,46836,2455],{"class":448},[63,46838,86],{"class":73},[63,46840,46841,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46854,46856],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46842,70],{"class":69},[63,46844,74],{"class":73},[63,46846,453],{"class":417},[63,46848,74],{"class":73},[63,46850,2455],{"class":448},[63,46852,46853],{"class":452},"-100",[63,46855,2455],{"class":448},[63,46857,86],{"class":73},[20,46859,110],{},[54,46861,46863],{"className":56,"code":46862,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46864,46865,46870,46874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46866,46867],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46868,46869],{"class":82},"0\n",[63,46871,46872],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46873,1694],{"class":82},[63,46875,46876,46878],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46877,1639],{"class":270},[63,46879,46880],{"class":82},"100\n",[1193,46882,46884],{"id":46883},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[54,46886,46888],{"className":56,"code":46887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46889,46890,46928,46932,46944,46951,46966,46981],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46891,46892,46894,46896,46898,46900,46902,46904,46906,46908,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46924,46926],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46893,3418],{"class":382},[63,46895,386],{"class":270},[63,46897,3216],{"class":73},[63,46899,2455],{"class":448},[63,46901,1378],{"class":452},[63,46903,2455],{"class":448},[63,46905,102],{"class":73},[63,46907,1375],{"class":448},[63,46909,46910],{"class":452},"12abc",[63,46912,2455],{"class":448},[63,46914,102],{"class":73},[63,46916,5729],{"class":448},[63,46918,102],{"class":73},[63,46920,1375],{"class":448},[63,46922,46923],{"class":452},"seven",[63,46925,2455],{"class":448},[63,46927,3229],{"class":73},[63,46929,46930],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,46931,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,46933,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,46935,5560],{"class":3473},[63,46937,21204],{"class":382},[63,46939,3480],{"class":3473},[63,46941,3483],{"class":382},[63,46943,5996],{"class":73},[63,46945,46946,46949],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,46947,46948],{"class":3473},"    try",[63,46950,5996],{"class":73},[63,46952,46953,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,46954,46955],{"class":69},"        print",[63,46957,74],{"class":73},[63,46959,453],{"class":417},[63,46961,74],{"class":73},[63,46963,1002],{"class":181},[63,46965,86],{"class":73},[63,46967,46968,46971,46973,46976,46979],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,46969,46970],{"class":3473},"    except",[63,46972,41543],{"class":417},[63,46974,46975],{"class":3473}," as",[63,46977,46978],{"class":382}," error",[63,46980,5996],{"class":73},[63,46982,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991,46993,46995,46998,47000,47003,47005,47008,47010,47012],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,46984,46955],{"class":69},[63,46986,74],{"class":73},[63,46988,21914],{"class":444},[63,46990,2455],{"class":452},[63,46992,8888],{"class":82},[63,46994,1002],{"class":181},[63,46996,46997],{"class":444},"!r",[63,46999,21923],{"class":82},[63,47001,47002],{"class":452}," -> ",[63,47004,8888],{"class":82},[63,47006,47007],{"class":181},"error",[63,47009,21923],{"class":82},[63,47011,2455],{"class":452},[63,47013,397],{"class":73},[20,47015,110],{},[54,47017,47019],{"className":56,"code":47018,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47020,47021,47057,47089,47114],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47022,47023,47025,47027,47029,47032,47035,47037,47039,47041,47044,47047,47049,47051,47053,47055],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47024,456],{"class":42945},[63,47026,1378],{"class":42949},[63,47028,456],{"class":42945},[63,47030,47031],{"class":36992}," ->",[63,47033,47034],{"class":382}," invalid literal ",[63,47036,5560],{"class":3473},[63,47038,44894],{"class":417},[63,47040,6971],{"class":73},[63,47042,47043],{"class":3473}," with",[63,47045,47046],{"class":382}," base ",[63,47048,1940],{"class":82},[63,47050,2482],{"class":73},[63,47052,449],{"class":448},[63,47054,1378],{"class":452},[63,47056,29320],{"class":448},[63,47058,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069,47071,47073,47075,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47060,456],{"class":448},[63,47062,46910],{"class":452},[63,47064,456],{"class":448},[63,47066,47031],{"class":36992},[63,47068,47034],{"class":382},[63,47070,5560],{"class":3473},[63,47072,44894],{"class":417},[63,47074,6971],{"class":73},[63,47076,47043],{"class":3473},[63,47078,47046],{"class":382},[63,47080,1940],{"class":82},[63,47082,2482],{"class":73},[63,47084,449],{"class":448},[63,47086,46910],{"class":452},[63,47088,29320],{"class":448},[63,47090,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107,47109,47111],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,47092,3368],{"class":448},[63,47094,47031],{"class":36992},[63,47096,47034],{"class":382},[63,47098,5560],{"class":3473},[63,47100,44894],{"class":417},[63,47102,6971],{"class":73},[63,47104,47043],{"class":3473},[63,47106,47046],{"class":382},[63,47108,1940],{"class":82},[63,47110,2482],{"class":73},[63,47112,47113],{"class":448}," ''\n",[63,47115,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,47117,456],{"class":448},[63,47119,46923],{"class":452},[63,47121,456],{"class":448},[63,47123,47031],{"class":36992},[63,47125,47034],{"class":382},[63,47127,5560],{"class":3473},[63,47129,44894],{"class":417},[63,47131,6971],{"class":73},[63,47133,47043],{"class":3473},[63,47135,47046],{"class":382},[63,47137,1940],{"class":82},[63,47139,2482],{"class":73},[63,47141,449],{"class":448},[63,47143,46923],{"class":452},[63,47145,29320],{"class":448},[20,47147,47148,47149,47151,47152,307],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[303,47150,8591],{"href":8590}," and the ",[303,47153,47154,1912],{"href":7828},[15,47155,2555],{},[49,47157,311,47159,47161],{"id":47158},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47160,468],{}," with floats",[20,47163,47164,47165,47167],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47166,468],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47169,47170,47171,13671,47173,47175],{},"Important: ",[15,47172,468],{},[833,47174,973],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[54,47177,47179],{"className":56,"code":47178,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47180,47181,47195,47210,47226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47182,47183,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47184,70],{"class":69},[63,47186,74],{"class":73},[63,47188,453],{"class":417},[63,47190,74],{"class":73},[63,47192,41601],{"class":82},[63,47194,86],{"class":73},[63,47196,47197,47199,47201,47203,47205,47208],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47198,70],{"class":69},[63,47200,74],{"class":73},[63,47202,453],{"class":417},[63,47204,74],{"class":73},[63,47206,47207],{"class":82},"3.1",[63,47209,86],{"class":73},[63,47211,47212,47214,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,47213,70],{"class":69},[63,47215,74],{"class":73},[63,47217,453],{"class":417},[63,47219,74],{"class":73},[63,47221,1639],{"class":270},[63,47223,41601],{"class":82},[63,47225,86],{"class":73},[63,47227,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,47229,70],{"class":69},[63,47231,74],{"class":73},[63,47233,453],{"class":417},[63,47235,74],{"class":73},[63,47237,1639],{"class":270},[63,47239,47207],{"class":82},[63,47241,86],{"class":73},[20,47243,110],{},[54,47245,47247],{"className":56,"code":47246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47248,47249,47253,47257,47263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47250,47251],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47252,120],{"class":82},[63,47254,47255],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47256,120],{"class":82},[63,47258,47259,47261],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,47260,1639],{"class":270},[63,47262,120],{"class":82},[63,47264,47265,47267],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,47266,1639],{"class":270},[63,47268,120],{"class":82},[20,47270,47271],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47273,47274,47281],{},[33,47275,47276,41772,47279],{},[15,47277,47278],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47280,715],{},[33,47282,47283,41772,47286],{},[15,47284,47285],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47287,760],{},[20,47289,47290,47291,47295,47296,307],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[303,47292,47293],{"href":635},[15,47294,638],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[303,47297,47298],{"href":41792},[15,47299,47300],{},"str()",[49,47302,311,47304,47306],{"id":47303},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47305,468],{}," with booleans",[20,47308,47309],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[54,47311,47313],{"className":56,"code":47312,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47314,47315,47329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47316,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47318,70],{"class":69},[63,47320,74],{"class":73},[63,47322,453],{"class":417},[63,47324,74],{"class":73},[63,47326,3196],{"class":3448},[63,47328,86],{"class":73},[63,47330,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47332,70],{"class":69},[63,47334,74],{"class":73},[63,47336,453],{"class":417},[63,47338,74],{"class":73},[63,47340,3269],{"class":3448},[63,47342,86],{"class":73},[20,47344,110],{},[54,47346,47348],{"className":56,"code":47347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n0\n",[15,47349,47350,47354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47351,47352],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47353,46534],{"class":82},[63,47355,47356],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47357,46869],{"class":82},[20,47359,47360],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[54,47362,47364],{"className":56,"code":47363,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47365,47366,47375,47390,47394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47367,47368,47371,47373],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47369,47370],{"class":382},"passed ",[63,47372,386],{"class":270},[63,47374,6026],{"class":3448},[63,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47388],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47378,40799],{"class":382},[63,47380,386],{"class":270},[63,47382,44894],{"class":417},[63,47384,74],{"class":73},[63,47386,47387],{"class":181},"passed",[63,47389,397],{"class":73},[63,47391,47392],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,47393,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,47395,47396,47398,47400,47402],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,47397,70],{"class":69},[63,47399,74],{"class":73},[63,47401,40828],{"class":181},[63,47403,397],{"class":73},[20,47405,110],{},[54,47407,47408],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,47409,47410],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47411,47412],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47413,46534],{"class":82},[20,47415,47416,47417,307],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[303,47418,47419,1912],{"href":5382},[15,47420,3408],{},[49,47422,47424],{"id":47423},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47426,47427,47428,47431],{},"Use the ",[15,47429,47430],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1193,47433,47435],{"id":47434},"binary-example","Binary example",[54,47437,47439],{"className":56,"code":47438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47440,47441],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47442,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47459,47461],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47444,70],{"class":69},[63,47446,74],{"class":73},[63,47448,453],{"class":417},[63,47450,74],{"class":73},[63,47452,2455],{"class":448},[63,47454,46210],{"class":452},[63,47456,2455],{"class":448},[63,47458,102],{"class":73},[63,47460,105],{"class":82},[63,47462,86],{"class":73},[20,47464,110],{},[54,47466,47467],{"className":56,"code":369,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,47468,47469],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47470,47471],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47472,369],{"class":82},[20,47474,47475,47478],{},[15,47476,47477],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47480,47481,47486,47491],{},[33,47482,47483],{},[15,47484,47485],{},"1 × 4",[33,47487,47488],{},[15,47489,47490],{},"0 × 2",[33,47492,47493],{},[15,47494,47495],{},"1 × 1",[20,47497,47498,47499,307],{},"So the result is ",[15,47500,1750],{},[1193,47502,47504],{"id":47503},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[54,47506,47508],{"className":56,"code":47507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47509,47510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47511,47512,47514,47516,47518,47520,47522,47524,47526,47528,47530],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47513,70],{"class":69},[63,47515,74],{"class":73},[63,47517,453],{"class":417},[63,47519,74],{"class":73},[63,47521,2455],{"class":448},[63,47523,46634],{"class":452},[63,47525,2455],{"class":448},[63,47527,102],{"class":73},[63,47529,13605],{"class":82},[63,47531,86],{"class":73},[20,47533,110],{},[54,47535,47536],{"className":56,"code":46663,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,47537,47538],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47539,47540],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47541,46663],{"class":82},[1193,47543,47545],{"id":47544},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47547,1597,47548,47550],{},[15,47549,47430],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47552,47553],{},"Good:",[54,47555,47556],{"className":56,"code":47438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,47557,47558],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47559,47560,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47561,70],{"class":69},[63,47563,74],{"class":73},[63,47565,453],{"class":417},[63,47567,74],{"class":73},[63,47569,2455],{"class":448},[63,47571,46210],{"class":452},[63,47573,2455],{"class":448},[63,47575,102],{"class":73},[63,47577,105],{"class":82},[63,47579,86],{"class":73},[20,47581,47582],{},"Not correct:",[54,47584,47586],{"className":56,"code":47585,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47587,47588],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47589,47590],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47591,47585],{"class":1357},[20,47593,47594,47595,8210,47597,47599],{},"That causes a ",[15,47596,2602],{},[15,47598,47430],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[49,47601,47603],{"id":47602},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47605,47606,47607,47609,47610,3993,47612,307],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47608,468],{}," are ",[15,47611,40326],{},[15,47613,2602],{},[1193,47615,47616],{"id":41130},[15,47617,40326],{},[20,47619,47620],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47622,1820],{},[54,47624,47626],{"className":56,"code":47625,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47627,47628,47634,47652,47664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47629,47630,47632],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47631,29424],{"class":3473},[63,47633,5996],{"class":73},[63,47635,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47637,7677],{"class":69},[63,47639,74],{"class":73},[63,47641,453],{"class":417},[63,47643,74],{"class":73},[63,47645,2455],{"class":448},[63,47647,1378],{"class":452},[63,47649,2455],{"class":448},[63,47651,86],{"class":73},[63,47653,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,47655,29455],{"class":3473},[63,47657,41543],{"class":417},[63,47659,46975],{"class":3473},[63,47661,46978],{"class":382},[63,47663,5996],{"class":73},[63,47665,47666,47668,47670,47672],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,47667,7677],{"class":69},[63,47669,74],{"class":73},[63,47671,47007],{"class":181},[63,47673,397],{"class":73},[20,47675,110],{},[54,47677,47679],{"className":56,"code":47678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47680,47681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47682,47683,47686,47688,47690,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47684,47685],{"class":382},"invalid literal ",[63,47687,5560],{"class":3473},[63,47689,44894],{"class":417},[63,47691,6971],{"class":73},[63,47693,47043],{"class":3473},[63,47695,47046],{"class":382},[63,47697,1940],{"class":82},[63,47699,2482],{"class":73},[63,47701,449],{"class":448},[63,47703,1378],{"class":452},[63,47705,29320],{"class":448},[20,47707,47708,47709,47711,47712,47714],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47710,1505],{}," does not work directly with ",[15,47713,468],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[54,47716,47718],{"className":56,"code":47717,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47719,47720],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47721,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730,47732,47734,47736,47738,47740],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47723,70],{"class":69},[63,47725,74],{"class":73},[63,47727,453],{"class":417},[63,47729,74],{"class":73},[63,47731,1804],{"class":417},[63,47733,74],{"class":73},[63,47735,2455],{"class":448},[63,47737,1378],{"class":452},[63,47739,2455],{"class":448},[63,47741,2510],{"class":73},[20,47743,110],{},[54,47745,47746],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,47747,47748],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47749,47750],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47751,120],{"class":82},[20,47753,47754,47755,3993,47758,307],{},"If you see this often, read ",[303,47756,47757],{"href":2559},"how to convert string to int in Python",[303,47759,25299,47760],{"href":45534},[15,47761,45535],{},[1193,47763,47764],{"id":41196},[15,47765,2602],{},[20,47767,47768],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47770,1820],{},[54,47772,47774],{"className":56,"code":47773,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47775,47776,47782,47796,47809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47777,47778,47780],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47779,29424],{"class":3473},[63,47781,5996],{"class":73},[63,47783,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47785,7677],{"class":69},[63,47787,74],{"class":73},[63,47789,453],{"class":417},[63,47791,74],{"class":73},[63,47793,3373],{"class":3448},[63,47795,86],{"class":73},[63,47797,47798,47800,47803,47805,47807],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,47799,29455],{"class":3473},[63,47801,47802],{"class":417}," TypeError",[63,47804,46975],{"class":3473},[63,47806,46978],{"class":382},[63,47808,5996],{"class":73},[63,47810,47811,47813,47815,47817],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,47812,7677],{"class":69},[63,47814,74],{"class":73},[63,47816,47007],{"class":181},[63,47818,397],{"class":73},[20,47820,110],{},[54,47822,47824],{"className":56,"code":47823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47825,47826],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47827,47828,47830,47832,47835,47837,47839,47842,47844,47847,47849,47852,47854,47856,47858,47860,47863],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47829,453],{"class":417},[63,47831,6971],{"class":73},[63,47833,47834],{"class":382}," argument must be a string",[63,47836,102],{"class":73},[63,47838,44162],{"class":382},[63,47840,47841],{"class":417},"bytes",[63,47843,1639],{"class":270},[63,47845,47846],{"class":382},"like ",[63,47848,42015],{"class":417},[63,47850,47851],{"class":270}," or",[63,47853,40462],{"class":382},[63,47855,102],{"class":73},[63,47857,7708],{"class":270},[63,47859,449],{"class":448},[63,47861,47862],{"class":452},"NoneType",[63,47864,29320],{"class":448},[20,47866,47867,47868,47870],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47869,47430],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[54,47872,47874],{"className":56,"code":47873,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47875,47876,47882,47900,47912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47877,47878,47880],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47879,29424],{"class":3473},[63,47881,5996],{"class":73},[63,47883,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,47885,7677],{"class":69},[63,47887,74],{"class":73},[63,47889,453],{"class":417},[63,47891,74],{"class":73},[63,47893,46210],{"class":82},[63,47895,102],{"class":73},[63,47897,105],{"class":82},[63,47899,86],{"class":73},[63,47901,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,47903,29455],{"class":3473},[63,47905,47802],{"class":417},[63,47907,46975],{"class":3473},[63,47909,46978],{"class":382},[63,47911,5996],{"class":73},[63,47913,47914,47916,47918,47920],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,47915,7677],{"class":69},[63,47917,74],{"class":73},[63,47919,47007],{"class":181},[63,47921,397],{"class":73},[20,47923,110],{},[54,47925,47927],{"className":56,"code":47926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47928,47929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47930,47931,47933,47935,47938,47940],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47932,453],{"class":417},[63,47934,6971],{"class":73},[63,47936,47937],{"class":382}," can",[63,47939,456],{"class":448},[63,47941,47942],{"class":452},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[49,47944,1114,47946],{"id":47945},"when-to-use-int",[15,47947,468],{},[20,47949,128,47950,47952],{},[15,47951,468],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47954,47955],{},"Common uses:",[30,47957,47958,47964,47967,47970],{},[33,47959,47960,47961,47963],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47962,2555],{}," into integers",[33,47965,47966],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,47968,47969],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,47971,47972,47973,36240],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47974,47430],{},[20,47976,47977],{},"Example with user input:",[54,47979,47981],{"className":56,"code":47980,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47982,47983,47997,48012,48016],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47984,47985,47988,47990,47992,47995],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47986,47987],{"class":382},"age_text ",[63,47989,386],{"class":270},[63,47991,1375],{"class":448},[63,47993,47994],{"class":452},"18",[63,47996,1381],{"class":448},[63,47998,47999,48001,48003,48005,48007,48010],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48000,21248],{"class":382},[63,48002,386],{"class":270},[63,48004,44894],{"class":417},[63,48006,74],{"class":73},[63,48008,48009],{"class":181},"age_text",[63,48011,397],{"class":73},[63,48013,48014],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,48015,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,48017,48018,48020,48022,48024,48026,48028],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,48019,70],{"class":69},[63,48021,74],{"class":73},[63,48023,21248],{"class":181},[63,48025,1675],{"class":270},[63,48027,249],{"class":82},[63,48029,397],{"class":73},[20,48031,110],{},[54,48033,48035],{"className":56,"code":48034,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"19\n",[15,48036,48037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48038,48039],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48040,48034],{"class":82},[49,48042,1186],{"id":1185},[20,48044,14351,48045,307],{},[15,48046,468],{},[1193,48048,48050],{"id":48049},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48052,48053],{},"This fails:",[54,48055,48057],{"className":56,"code":48056,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48058,48059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48060,48061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48062,48056],{"class":1357},[20,48064,48065,48066,48069],{},"Why: ",[15,48067,48068],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48071,18460],{},[54,48073,48075],{"className":56,"code":48074,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48076,48077],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48078,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087,48089,48091,48093,48095,48097],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48080,70],{"class":69},[63,48082,74],{"class":73},[63,48084,453],{"class":417},[63,48086,74],{"class":73},[63,48088,1804],{"class":417},[63,48090,74],{"class":73},[63,48092,2455],{"class":448},[63,48094,903],{"class":452},[63,48096,2455],{"class":448},[63,48098,2510],{"class":73},[1193,48100,48102],{"id":48101},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48104,48053],{},[54,48106,48108],{"className":56,"code":48107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48109,48110],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48111,48112],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48113,48107],{"class":1357},[20,48115,48116],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1193,48118,48120,48121],{"id":48119},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48122,48123],{},"int(None)",[20,48125,48126,48127,48129],{},"This fails because ",[15,48128,3373],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[54,48131,48133],{"className":56,"code":48132,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48134,48135,48144,48148,48154,48168,48180],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48136,48137,48139,48141],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48138,984],{"class":382},[63,48140,386],{"class":270},[63,48142,48143],{"class":3448}," None\n",[63,48145,48146],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48147,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,48149,48150,48152],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,48151,29424],{"class":3473},[63,48153,5996],{"class":73},[63,48155,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164,48166],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,48157,7677],{"class":69},[63,48159,74],{"class":73},[63,48161,453],{"class":417},[63,48163,74],{"class":73},[63,48165,1002],{"class":181},[63,48167,86],{"class":73},[63,48169,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,48171,29455],{"class":3473},[63,48173,47802],{"class":417},[63,48175,46975],{"class":3473},[63,48177,46978],{"class":382},[63,48179,5996],{"class":73},[63,48181,48182,48184,48186,48188],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,48183,7677],{"class":69},[63,48185,74],{"class":73},[63,48187,47007],{"class":181},[63,48189,397],{"class":73},[1193,48191,48193],{"id":48192},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48195,48053],{},[54,48197,48198],{"className":56,"code":47585,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,48199,48200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48201,48202],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48203,47585],{"class":1357},[20,48205,48206],{},"Use a string instead:",[54,48208,48209],{"className":56,"code":47438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,48210,48211],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48212,48213,48215,48217,48219,48221,48223,48225,48227,48229,48231],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48214,70],{"class":69},[63,48216,74],{"class":73},[63,48218,453],{"class":417},[63,48220,74],{"class":73},[63,48222,2455],{"class":448},[63,48224,46210],{"class":452},[63,48226,2455],{"class":448},[63,48228,102],{"class":73},[63,48230,105],{"class":82},[63,48232,86],{"class":73},[1193,48234,1196,48236,48238],{"id":48235},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48237,468],{}," to round",[20,48240,48241],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[54,48243,48245],{"className":56,"code":48244,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48246,48247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48248,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257,48260],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48250,70],{"class":69},[63,48252,74],{"class":73},[63,48254,453],{"class":417},[63,48256,74],{"class":73},[63,48258,48259],{"class":82},"4.9",[63,48261,86],{"class":73},[20,48263,110],{},[54,48265,48266],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,48267,48268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48269,48270],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48271,364],{"class":82},[20,48273,955,48274,48276,48277,48279],{},[15,48275,1750],{},", remember that ",[15,48278,468],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[49,48281,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,48283,1459,48285,48287],{"id":48284},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48286,468],{}," round numbers?",[20,48289,45983,48290,48292],{},[15,48291,468],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1193,48294,4760,48296,48299],{"id":48295},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48297,48298],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48301,28681,48302,48304,48305,48307,48308,39556],{},[15,48303,1505],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48306,638],{}," first, then use ",[15,48309,468],{},[1193,48311,4744,48313,12331],{"id":48312},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48314,48315],{},"int(True)",[20,48317,4750,48318,27934,48320,41772,48322,307],{},[15,48319,674],{},[15,48321,3269],{},[15,48323,1734],{},[1193,48325,48327],{"id":48326},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48329,48330],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[49,48332,1517],{"id":1516},[30,48334,48335,48341,48347,48353,48358,48362,48368],{},[33,48336,48337],{},[303,48338,48339,469],{"href":635},[15,48340,638],{},[33,48342,48343],{},[303,48344,48345,469],{"href":41792},[15,48346,47300],{},[33,48348,48349],{},[303,48350,48351,469],{"href":5382},[15,48352,3408],{},[33,48354,48355],{},[303,48356,48357],{"href":2559},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48359,48360],{},[303,48361,8668],{"href":8590},[33,48363,48364],{},[303,48365,48366,469],{"href":7828},[15,48367,2555],{},[33,48369,48370],{},[303,48371,29968,48372],{"href":45534},[15,48373,45535],{},[1542,48375,48376],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":48378},[48379,48380,48382,48386,48391,48393,48395,48400,48404,48406,48415,48424],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":46246,"depth":89,"text":48381},"What int() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":48383},[48384,48385],{"id":46437,"depth":254,"text":46440},{"id":46537,"depth":254,"text":46540},{"id":46673,"depth":89,"text":48387,"children":48388},"Using int() with strings",[48389,48390],{"id":46795,"depth":254,"text":46796},{"id":46883,"depth":254,"text":46884},{"id":47158,"depth":89,"text":48392},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47303,"depth":89,"text":48394},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47423,"depth":89,"text":47424,"children":48396},[48397,48398,48399],{"id":47434,"depth":254,"text":47435},{"id":47503,"depth":254,"text":47504},{"id":47544,"depth":254,"text":47545},{"id":47602,"depth":89,"text":47603,"children":48401},[48402,48403],{"id":41130,"depth":254,"text":40326},{"id":41196,"depth":254,"text":2602},{"id":47945,"depth":89,"text":48405},"When to use int()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":48407},[48408,48409,48410,48412,48413],{"id":48049,"depth":254,"text":48050},{"id":48101,"depth":254,"text":48102},{"id":48119,"depth":254,"text":48411},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48192,"depth":254,"text":48193},{"id":48235,"depth":254,"text":48414},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":48416},[48417,48419,48421,48423],{"id":48284,"depth":254,"text":48418},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48295,"depth":254,"text":48420},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48312,"depth":254,"text":48422},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48326,"depth":254,"text":48327},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41713,"description":48425},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48432,"title":48433,"body":48434,"description":50270,"extension":1580,"meta":50271,"navigation":579,"path":44420,"seo":50272,"stem":50273,"__hash__":50274},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48435,"toc":50226},[48436,48441,48446,48454,48463,48465,48524,48530,48535,48540,48543,48571,48574,48577,48588,48598,48600,48602,48622,48626,48654,48656,48695,48697,48705,48707,48710,48714,48767,48769,48781,48785,48842,48844,48856,48862,48868,48872,48875,48878,48944,48946,48958,48964,48966,49018,49021,49062,49065,49072,49081,49087,49090,49123,49129,49132,49163,49169,49172,49184,49188,49193,49197,49355,49357,49372,49375,49379,49483,49485,49502,49506,49567,49569,49577,49580,49584,49651,49653,49662,49668,49670,49679,49681,49716,49721,49723,49753,49757,49759,49796,49799,49801,49838,49844,49846,49896,49898,49906,49916,49922,49926,49931,49980,49982,49995,49998,50000,50003,50078,50081,50100,50103,50133,50143,50145,50150,50157,50163,50169,50176,50184,50190,50193,50195,50223],[10,48437,13,48439,18],{"id":48438},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48440,44423],{},[20,48442,48443,48445],{},[15,48444,44423],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48447,48448,48449,632,48451,48453],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48450,3196],{},[15,48452,3269],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48455,48456,48457,48459,48460,48462],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48458,44423],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48461,1911],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[49,48464,3201],{"id":3200},[54,48466,48468],{"className":56,"code":48467,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48469,48470,48478,48482,48503],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48471,48472,48474,48476],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48473,984],{"class":382},[63,48475,386],{"class":270},[63,48477,2190],{"class":82},[63,48479,48480],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48481,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,48483,48484,48486,48488,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48501],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,48485,70],{"class":69},[63,48487,74],{"class":73},[63,48489,48490],{"class":69},"isinstance",[63,48492,74],{"class":73},[63,48494,1002],{"class":181},[63,48496,102],{"class":73},[63,48498,44894],{"class":417},[63,48500,4964],{"class":73},[63,48502,43472],{"class":1357},[63,48504,48505,48507,48509,48511,48513,48515,48517,48520,48522],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,48506,70],{"class":69},[63,48508,74],{"class":73},[63,48510,48490],{"class":69},[63,48512,74],{"class":73},[63,48514,1002],{"class":181},[63,48516,102],{"class":73},[63,48518,48519],{"class":417}," str",[63,48521,4964],{"class":73},[63,48523,43489],{"class":1357},[20,48525,128,48526,48529],{},[15,48527,48528],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[49,48531,138,48533,141],{"id":48532},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48534,44423],{},[20,48536,48537,48539],{},[15,48538,44423],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48541,48542],{},"It:",[30,48544,48545,48548,48554,48557],{},[33,48546,48547],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,48549,11037,48550,632,48552],{},[15,48551,3196],{},[15,48553,3269],{},[33,48555,48556],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,48558,48559,48560,1801,48562,1801,48564,1801,48566,16690,48569],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48561,3037],{},[15,48563,453],{},[15,48565,7702],{},[15,48567,48568],{},"tuple",[15,48570,8431],{},[20,48572,48573],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48575,48576],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,48578,48579,48582,48585],{},[33,48580,48581],{},"loop through a list",[33,48583,48584],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,48586,48587],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48589,48590,48591,632,48594,307],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[303,48592,44415],{"href":48593},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[303,48595,48597],{"href":48596},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[49,48599,164],{"id":163},[20,48601,167],{},[54,48603,48605],{"className":56,"code":48604,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48606,48607],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48608,48609,48611,48613,48615,48617,48620],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48610,48490],{"class":69},[63,48612,74],{"class":73},[63,48614,42015],{"class":417},[63,48616,102],{"class":73},[63,48618,48619],{"class":181}," classinfo",[63,48621,397],{"class":73},[1193,48623,48625],{"id":48624},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,48627,48628,48633,48647],{},[33,48629,48630,48632],{},[15,48631,42015],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,48634,48635,48638,48639,1801,48641,1801,48643,1805,48645],{},[15,48636,48637],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48640,453],{},[15,48642,3037],{},[15,48644,7702],{},[15,48646,8431],{},[33,48648,48649,48650,632,48652],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48651,3196],{},[15,48653,3269],{},[20,48655,1820],{},[54,48657,48659],{"className":56,"code":48658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48660,48661,48673,48677],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48662,48663,48665,48667,48669,48671],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48664,7484],{"class":382},[63,48666,386],{"class":270},[63,48668,1375],{"class":448},[63,48670,11123],{"class":452},[63,48672,1381],{"class":448},[63,48674,48675],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48676,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,48678,48679,48681,48683,48685,48687,48689,48691,48693],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,48680,70],{"class":69},[63,48682,74],{"class":73},[63,48684,48490],{"class":69},[63,48686,74],{"class":73},[63,48688,7274],{"class":181},[63,48690,102],{"class":73},[63,48692,48519],{"class":417},[63,48694,86],{"class":73},[20,48696,110],{},[54,48698,48699],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,48700,48701],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48702,48703],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48704,3577],{"class":3448},[49,48706,11089],{"id":11088},[20,48708,48709],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1193,48711,48713],{"id":48712},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[54,48715,48717],{"className":56,"code":48716,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48718,48719,48727,48731,48749],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48720,48721,48723,48725],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48722,984],{"class":382},[63,48724,386],{"class":270},[63,48726,44843],{"class":82},[63,48728,48729],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48730,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,48732,48733,48735,48737,48739,48741,48743,48745,48747],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,48734,70],{"class":69},[63,48736,74],{"class":73},[63,48738,48490],{"class":69},[63,48740,74],{"class":73},[63,48742,1002],{"class":181},[63,48744,102],{"class":73},[63,48746,44894],{"class":417},[63,48748,86],{"class":73},[63,48750,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,48752,70],{"class":69},[63,48754,74],{"class":73},[63,48756,48490],{"class":69},[63,48758,74],{"class":73},[63,48760,1002],{"class":181},[63,48762,102],{"class":73},[63,48764,48519],{"class":417},[63,48766,86],{"class":73},[20,48768,110],{},[54,48770,48771],{"className":56,"code":43791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,48772,48773,48777],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48774,48775],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48776,3577],{"class":3448},[63,48778,48779],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48780,3638],{"class":3448},[1193,48782,48784],{"id":48783},"check-text","Check text",[54,48786,48788],{"className":56,"code":48787,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48789,48790,48802,48806,48824],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48791,48792,48794,48796,48798,48800],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48793,1370],{"class":382},[63,48795,386],{"class":270},[63,48797,1375],{"class":448},[63,48799,3441],{"class":452},[63,48801,1381],{"class":448},[63,48803,48804],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48805,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,48807,48808,48810,48812,48814,48816,48818,48820,48822],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,48809,70],{"class":69},[63,48811,74],{"class":73},[63,48813,48490],{"class":69},[63,48815,74],{"class":73},[63,48817,1396],{"class":181},[63,48819,102],{"class":73},[63,48821,48519],{"class":417},[63,48823,86],{"class":73},[63,48825,48826,48828,48830,48832,48834,48836,48838,48840],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,48827,70],{"class":69},[63,48829,74],{"class":73},[63,48831,48490],{"class":69},[63,48833,74],{"class":73},[63,48835,1396],{"class":181},[63,48837,102],{"class":73},[63,48839,44894],{"class":417},[63,48841,86],{"class":73},[20,48843,110],{},[54,48845,48846],{"className":56,"code":43791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,48847,48848,48852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48849,48850],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48851,3577],{"class":3448},[63,48853,48854],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48855,3638],{"class":3448},[20,48857,48858,48859,48861],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48860,44423],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48863,48864,48865,307],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[303,48866,48867],{"href":2559},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[49,48869,48871],{"id":48870},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48873,48874],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48876,48877],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[54,48879,48881],{"className":56,"code":48880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48882,48883,48892,48896,48920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48884,48885,48887,48889],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48886,984],{"class":382},[63,48888,386],{"class":270},[63,48890,48891],{"class":82}," 3.5\n",[63,48893,48894],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48895,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,48897,48898,48900,48902,48904,48906,48908,48910,48912,48914,48916,48918],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,48899,70],{"class":69},[63,48901,74],{"class":73},[63,48903,48490],{"class":69},[63,48905,74],{"class":73},[63,48907,1002],{"class":181},[63,48909,102],{"class":73},[63,48911,8846],{"class":73},[63,48913,453],{"class":417},[63,48915,102],{"class":73},[63,48917,1391],{"class":417},[63,48919,2510],{"class":73},[63,48921,48922,48924,48926,48928,48930,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940,48942],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,48923,70],{"class":69},[63,48925,74],{"class":73},[63,48927,48490],{"class":69},[63,48929,74],{"class":73},[63,48931,1002],{"class":181},[63,48933,102],{"class":73},[63,48935,8846],{"class":73},[63,48937,3037],{"class":417},[63,48939,102],{"class":73},[63,48941,22180],{"class":417},[63,48943,2510],{"class":73},[20,48945,110],{},[54,48947,48948],{"className":56,"code":43791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,48949,48950,48954],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48951,48952],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48953,3577],{"class":3448},[63,48955,48956],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48957,3638],{"class":3448},[20,48959,48960,48961,48963],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48962,40459],{}," conditions.",[20,48965,7907],{},[54,48967,48969],{"className":56,"code":48968,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48970,48971,48979,48983],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48972,48973,48975,48977],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48974,984],{"class":382},[63,48976,386],{"class":270},[63,48978,48891],{"class":82},[63,48980,48981],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,48982,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,48984,48985,48987,48989,48991,48993,48995,48997,48999,49001,49003,49006,49008,49010,49012,49014,49016],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,48986,70],{"class":69},[63,48988,74],{"class":73},[63,48990,418],{"class":417},[63,48992,74],{"class":73},[63,48994,1002],{"class":181},[63,48996,3256],{"class":73},[63,48998,6011],{"class":270},[63,49000,44894],{"class":417},[63,49002,47851],{"class":3473},[63,49004,49005],{"class":417}," type",[63,49007,74],{"class":73},[63,49009,1002],{"class":181},[63,49011,3256],{"class":73},[63,49013,6011],{"class":270},[63,49015,1391],{"class":417},[63,49017,397],{"class":73},[20,49019,49020],{},"you can write this:",[54,49022,49024],{"className":56,"code":49023,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49025,49026,49034,49038],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49027,49028,49030,49032],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49029,984],{"class":382},[63,49031,386],{"class":270},[63,49033,48891],{"class":82},[63,49035,49036],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49037,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,49039,49040,49042,49044,49046,49048,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058,49060],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,49041,70],{"class":69},[63,49043,74],{"class":73},[63,49045,48490],{"class":69},[63,49047,74],{"class":73},[63,49049,1002],{"class":181},[63,49051,102],{"class":73},[63,49053,8846],{"class":73},[63,49055,453],{"class":417},[63,49057,102],{"class":73},[63,49059,1391],{"class":417},[63,49061,2510],{"class":73},[20,49063,49064],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[49,49066,49068,10197,49070],{"id":49067},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49069,44423],{},[15,49071,1911],{},[20,49073,10202,49074,3993,49076,49080],{},[15,49075,44423],{},[303,49077,49078],{"href":1908},[15,49079,1911],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1193,49082,49084],{"id":49083},"typevalue-int",[15,49085,49086],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49088,49089],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[54,49091,49093],{"className":56,"code":49092,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49094,49095,49103],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49096,49097,49099,49101],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49098,984],{"class":382},[63,49100,386],{"class":270},[63,49102,2190],{"class":82},[63,49104,49105,49107,49109,49111,49113,49115,49117,49119,49121],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49106,70],{"class":69},[63,49108,74],{"class":73},[63,49110,418],{"class":417},[63,49112,74],{"class":73},[63,49114,1002],{"class":181},[63,49116,3256],{"class":73},[63,49118,6011],{"class":270},[63,49120,44894],{"class":417},[63,49122,397],{"class":73},[1193,49124,49126],{"id":49125},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49127,49128],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49130,49131],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[54,49133,49135],{"className":56,"code":49134,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49136,49137,49145],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49138,49139,49141,49143],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49140,984],{"class":382},[63,49142,386],{"class":270},[63,49144,2190],{"class":82},[63,49146,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49148,70],{"class":69},[63,49150,74],{"class":73},[63,49152,48490],{"class":69},[63,49154,74],{"class":73},[63,49156,1002],{"class":181},[63,49158,102],{"class":73},[63,49160,44894],{"class":417},[63,49162,86],{"class":73},[20,49164,49165,49166,49168],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49167,44423],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49170,49171],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49173,49174,49179],{},[33,49175,39617,49176,49178],{},[15,49177,1911],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49180,39617,49181,49183],{},[15,49182,44423],{}," when you want a practical type check",[49,49185,49187],{"id":49186},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49189,49190,49191,307],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49192,44423],{},[1193,49194,49196],{"id":49195},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[54,49198,49200],{"className":56,"code":49199,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49201,49202,49220,49239,49251,49256,49274,49285,49289,49301,49305,49329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49203,49204,49206,49209,49211,49213,49215,49218],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49205,34473],{"class":444},[63,49207,49208],{"class":34476}," repeat_text",[63,49210,74],{"class":73},[63,49212,1396],{"class":37288},[63,49214,102],{"class":73},[63,49216,49217],{"class":37288}," count",[63,49219,7951],{"class":73},[63,49221,49222,49224,49226,49229,49231,49233,49235,49237],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49223,6001],{"class":3473},[63,49225,7708],{"class":270},[63,49227,49228],{"class":69}," isinstance",[63,49230,74],{"class":73},[63,49232,1396],{"class":181},[63,49234,102],{"class":73},[63,49236,48519],{"class":417},[63,49238,7951],{"class":73},[63,49240,49241,49244,49246,49249],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,49242,49243],{"class":3473},"        return",[63,49245,1375],{"class":448},[63,49247,49248],{"class":452},"text must be a string",[63,49250,1381],{"class":448},[63,49252,49253],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,49254,49255],{"class":382},"    \n",[63,49257,49258,49260,49262,49264,49266,49268,49270,49272],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,49259,6001],{"class":3473},[63,49261,7708],{"class":270},[63,49263,49228],{"class":69},[63,49265,74],{"class":73},[63,49267,40876],{"class":181},[63,49269,102],{"class":73},[63,49271,44894],{"class":417},[63,49273,7951],{"class":73},[63,49275,49276,49278,49280,49283],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,49277,49243],{"class":3473},[63,49279,1375],{"class":448},[63,49281,49282],{"class":452},"count must be an integer",[63,49284,1381],{"class":448},[63,49286,49287],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,49288,49255],{"class":382},[63,49290,49291,49293,49296,49298],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,49292,34484],{"class":3473},[63,49294,49295],{"class":382}," text ",[63,49297,39499],{"class":270},[63,49299,49300],{"class":382}," count\n",[63,49302,49303],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,49304,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,49306,49307,49309,49311,49314,49316,49318,49321,49323,49325,49327],{"class":65,"line":6040},[63,49308,70],{"class":69},[63,49310,74],{"class":73},[63,49312,49313],{"class":181},"repeat_text",[63,49315,74],{"class":73},[63,49317,2455],{"class":448},[63,49319,49320],{"class":452},"Hi ",[63,49322,2455],{"class":448},[63,49324,102],{"class":73},[63,49326,518],{"class":82},[63,49328,86],{"class":73},[63,49330,49331,49333,49335,49337,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353],{"class":65,"line":11209},[63,49332,70],{"class":69},[63,49334,74],{"class":73},[63,49336,49313],{"class":181},[63,49338,74],{"class":73},[63,49340,2455],{"class":448},[63,49342,49320],{"class":452},[63,49344,2455],{"class":448},[63,49346,102],{"class":73},[63,49348,1375],{"class":448},[63,49350,715],{"class":452},[63,49352,2455],{"class":448},[63,49354,86],{"class":73},[20,49356,110],{},[54,49358,49360],{"className":56,"code":49359,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49361,49362,49367],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49363,49364],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49365,49366],{"class":382},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[63,49368,49369],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49370,49371],{"class":382},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49373,49374],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1193,49376,49378],{"id":49377},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[54,49380,49382],{"className":56,"code":49381,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49383,49384,49416,49420,49436,49451,49468],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49385,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400,49402,49404,49406,49408,49410,49412,49414],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49387,984],{"class":382},[63,49389,386],{"class":270},[63,49391,3216],{"class":73},[63,49393,2455],{"class":448},[63,49395,303],{"class":452},[63,49397,2455],{"class":448},[63,49399,102],{"class":73},[63,49401,1375],{"class":448},[63,49403,4362],{"class":452},[63,49405,2455],{"class":448},[63,49407,102],{"class":73},[63,49409,1375],{"class":448},[63,49411,9350],{"class":452},[63,49413,2455],{"class":448},[63,49415,3229],{"class":73},[63,49417,49418],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49419,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,49421,49422,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,49423,6602],{"class":3473},[63,49425,49228],{"class":69},[63,49427,74],{"class":73},[63,49429,1002],{"class":181},[63,49431,102],{"class":73},[63,49433,48519],{"class":417},[63,49435,7951],{"class":73},[63,49437,49438,49440,49442,49444,49447,49449],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,49439,7677],{"class":69},[63,49441,74],{"class":73},[63,49443,2455],{"class":448},[63,49445,49446],{"class":452},"This is text",[63,49448,2455],{"class":448},[63,49450,397],{"class":73},[63,49452,49453,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,49454,49455],{"class":3473},"elif",[63,49457,49228],{"class":69},[63,49459,74],{"class":73},[63,49461,1002],{"class":181},[63,49463,102],{"class":73},[63,49465,22180],{"class":417},[63,49467,7951],{"class":73},[63,49469,49470,49472,49474,49476,49479,49481],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,49471,7677],{"class":69},[63,49473,74],{"class":73},[63,49475,2455],{"class":448},[63,49477,49478],{"class":452},"This is a list",[63,49480,2455],{"class":448},[63,49482,397],{"class":73},[20,49484,110],{},[54,49486,49488],{"className":56,"code":49487,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This is a list\n",[15,49489,49490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49491,49492,49495,49497,49499],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49493,49494],{"class":382},"This ",[63,49496,11809],{"class":270},[63,49498,44162],{"class":382},[63,49500,49501],{"class":417},"list\n",[1193,49503,49505],{"id":49504},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[54,49507,49509],{"className":56,"code":49508,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49510,49511,49523,49527,49543,49557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49512,49513,49515,49517,49519,49521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49514,984],{"class":382},[63,49516,386],{"class":270},[63,49518,1375],{"class":448},[63,49520,46144],{"class":452},[63,49522,1381],{"class":448},[63,49524,49525],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49526,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,49528,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539,49541],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,49530,6602],{"class":3473},[63,49532,49228],{"class":69},[63,49534,74],{"class":73},[63,49536,1002],{"class":181},[63,49538,102],{"class":73},[63,49540,48519],{"class":417},[63,49542,7951],{"class":73},[63,49544,49545,49547,49549,49551,49553,49555],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,49546,41507],{"class":382},[63,49548,386],{"class":270},[63,49550,44894],{"class":417},[63,49552,74],{"class":73},[63,49554,1002],{"class":181},[63,49556,397],{"class":73},[63,49558,49559,49561,49563,49565],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,49560,7677],{"class":69},[63,49562,74],{"class":73},[63,49564,182],{"class":181},[63,49566,397],{"class":73},[20,49568,110],{},[54,49570,49571],{"className":56,"code":46230,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,49572,49573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49574,49575],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49576,46230],{"class":82},[20,49578,49579],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1193,49581,49583],{"id":49582},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[54,49585,49587],{"className":56,"code":49586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49588,49589,49613,49617,49633],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49590,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49592,984],{"class":382},[63,49594,386],{"class":270},[63,49596,10102],{"class":73},[63,49598,2455],{"class":448},[63,49600,7274],{"class":452},[63,49602,2455],{"class":448},[63,49604,2482],{"class":73},[63,49606,1375],{"class":448},[63,49608,12496],{"class":452},[63,49610,2455],{"class":448},[63,49612,8919],{"class":73},[63,49614,49615],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49616,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,49618,49619,49621,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,49620,6602],{"class":3473},[63,49622,49228],{"class":69},[63,49624,74],{"class":73},[63,49626,1002],{"class":181},[63,49628,102],{"class":73},[63,49630,8780],{"class":417},[63,49632,7951],{"class":73},[63,49634,49635,49637,49639,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,49636,7677],{"class":69},[63,49638,74],{"class":73},[63,49640,1002],{"class":181},[63,49642,3497],{"class":73},[63,49644,2455],{"class":448},[63,49646,7274],{"class":452},[63,49648,2455],{"class":448},[63,49650,191],{"class":73},[20,49652,110],{},[54,49654,49656],{"className":56,"code":49655,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\n",[15,49657,49658],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49659,49660],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49661,49655],{"class":382},[20,49663,49664,49665,49667],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49666,2602],{}," messages later.",[49,49669,4119],{"id":4118},[1193,49671,49673,49674,10704,49677],{"id":49672},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49675,49676],{},"\"int\"",[15,49678,453],{},[20,49680,16262],{},[54,49682,49684],{"className":56,"code":49683,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49685,49686,49694],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49687,49688,49690,49692],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49689,984],{"class":382},[63,49691,386],{"class":270},[63,49693,2190],{"class":82},[63,49695,49696,49698,49700,49702,49704,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49697,70],{"class":69},[63,49699,74],{"class":73},[63,49701,48490],{"class":69},[63,49703,74],{"class":73},[63,49705,1002],{"class":181},[63,49707,102],{"class":73},[63,49709,1375],{"class":448},[63,49711,453],{"class":452},[63,49713,2455],{"class":448},[63,49715,86],{"class":73},[20,49717,49718,49720],{},[15,49719,49676],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49722,16274],{},[54,49724,49725],{"className":56,"code":49134,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,49726,49727,49735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49728,49729,49731,49733],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49730,984],{"class":382},[63,49732,386],{"class":270},[63,49734,2190],{"class":82},[63,49736,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49738,70],{"class":69},[63,49740,74],{"class":73},[63,49742,48490],{"class":69},[63,49744,74],{"class":73},[63,49746,1002],{"class":181},[63,49748,102],{"class":73},[63,49750,44894],{"class":417},[63,49752,86],{"class":73},[1193,49754,49756],{"id":49755},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49758,16262],{},[54,49760,49762],{"className":56,"code":49761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49763,49764,49772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49765,49766,49768,49770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49767,984],{"class":382},[63,49769,386],{"class":270},[63,49771,34464],{"class":82},[63,49773,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782,49784,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49775,70],{"class":69},[63,49777,74],{"class":73},[63,49779,48490],{"class":69},[63,49781,74],{"class":73},[63,49783,1002],{"class":181},[63,49785,102],{"class":73},[63,49787,3216],{"class":73},[63,49789,453],{"class":417},[63,49791,102],{"class":73},[63,49793,1391],{"class":417},[63,49795,2596],{"class":73},[20,49797,49798],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49800,16274],{},[54,49802,49804],{"className":56,"code":49803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49805,49806,49814],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49807,49808,49810,49812],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49809,984],{"class":382},[63,49811,386],{"class":270},[63,49813,34464],{"class":82},[63,49815,49816,49818,49820,49822,49824,49826,49828,49830,49832,49834,49836],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49817,70],{"class":69},[63,49819,74],{"class":73},[63,49821,48490],{"class":69},[63,49823,74],{"class":73},[63,49825,1002],{"class":181},[63,49827,102],{"class":73},[63,49829,8846],{"class":73},[63,49831,453],{"class":417},[63,49833,102],{"class":73},[63,49835,1391],{"class":417},[63,49837,2510],{"class":73},[1193,49839,25394,49841,49843],{"id":49840},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49842,44423],{}," converts a value",[20,49845,18533],{},[54,49847,49849],{"className":56,"code":49848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49850,49851,49864,49882,49886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49852,49853,49855,49857,49859,49862],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49854,984],{"class":382},[63,49856,386],{"class":270},[63,49858,1375],{"class":448},[63,49860,49861],{"class":452},"123",[63,49863,1381],{"class":448},[63,49865,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49867,383],{"class":382},[63,49869,386],{"class":270},[63,49871,49228],{"class":69},[63,49873,74],{"class":73},[63,49875,1002],{"class":181},[63,49877,102],{"class":73},[63,49879,44894],{"class":417},[63,49881,397],{"class":73},[63,49883,49884],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,49885,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,49887,49888,49890,49892,49894],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,49889,70],{"class":69},[63,49891,74],{"class":73},[63,49893,406],{"class":181},[63,49895,397],{"class":73},[20,49897,110],{},[54,49899,49900],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,49901,49902],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49903,49904],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49905,3638],{"class":3448},[20,49907,49908,49909,49912,49913,49915],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49910,49911],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49914,49861],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49917,49918,49919,6235],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49920,49921],{},"int(value)",[1193,49923,49925],{"id":49924},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49927,49928,49930],{},[15,49929,44423],{}," does not modify anything.",[54,49932,49934],{"className":56,"code":49933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49935,49936,49948,49952,49970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49937,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49939,984],{"class":382},[63,49941,386],{"class":270},[63,49943,1375],{"class":448},[63,49945,13175],{"class":452},[63,49947,1381],{"class":448},[63,49949,49950],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49951,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,49953,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,49955,70],{"class":69},[63,49957,74],{"class":73},[63,49959,48490],{"class":69},[63,49961,74],{"class":73},[63,49963,1002],{"class":181},[63,49965,102],{"class":73},[63,49967,48519],{"class":417},[63,49969,86],{"class":73},[63,49971,49972,49974,49976,49978],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,49973,70],{"class":69},[63,49975,74],{"class":73},[63,49977,1002],{"class":181},[63,49979,397],{"class":73},[20,49981,110],{},[54,49983,49985],{"className":56,"code":49984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n100\n",[15,49986,49987,49991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49988,49989],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49990,3577],{"class":3448},[63,49992,49993],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,49994,46880],{"class":82},[20,49996,49997],{},"The value stays the same.",[49,49999,25562],{"id":25561},[20,50001,50002],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[54,50004,50006],{"className":56,"code":50005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50007,50008,50022,50040,50064],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50009,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50011,70],{"class":69},[63,50013,74],{"class":73},[63,50015,418],{"class":417},[63,50017,74],{"class":73},[63,50019,1002],{"class":181},[63,50021,86],{"class":73},[63,50023,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036,50038],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,50025,70],{"class":69},[63,50027,74],{"class":73},[63,50029,48490],{"class":69},[63,50031,74],{"class":73},[63,50033,1002],{"class":181},[63,50035,102],{"class":73},[63,50037,44894],{"class":417},[63,50039,86],{"class":73},[63,50041,50042,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,50043,70],{"class":69},[63,50045,74],{"class":73},[63,50047,48490],{"class":69},[63,50049,74],{"class":73},[63,50051,1002],{"class":181},[63,50053,102],{"class":73},[63,50055,8846],{"class":73},[63,50057,453],{"class":417},[63,50059,102],{"class":73},[63,50061,1391],{"class":417},[63,50063,2510],{"class":73},[63,50065,50066,50068,50070,50072,50074,50076],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,50067,70],{"class":69},[63,50069,74],{"class":73},[63,50071,41396],{"class":69},[63,50073,74],{"class":73},[63,50075,1002],{"class":181},[63,50077,86],{"class":73},[20,50079,50080],{},"These can help when:",[30,50082,50083,50086,50091,50094],{},[33,50084,50085],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50087,50088,50089],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50090,2602],{},[33,50092,50093],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50095,50096,50097,50099],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50098,44423],{}," is invalid",[20,50101,50102],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50104,50105,50119,50125,50130],{},[33,50106,50107,50108,632,50111,50114,50115,632,50117],{},"using ",[15,50109,50110],{},"'int'",[15,50112,50113],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50116,453],{},[15,50118,3037],{},[33,50120,50121,50122,50124],{},"expecting ",[15,50123,44423],{}," to convert a value",[33,50126,50107,50127,50129],{},[15,50128,1911],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50131,50132],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50134,50135,50136,307],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[303,50137,50139,50140],{"href":50138},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50141,50142],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[49,50144,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,50146,4744,50148,4747],{"id":50147},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50149,44423],{},[20,50151,4750,50152,50154,50155,307],{},[15,50153,3196],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50156,3269],{},[1193,50158,1482,50160,50162],{"id":50159},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50161,44423],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50164,50165,50166,307],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50167,50168],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1193,50170,4781,50172,3993,50174,1506],{"id":50171},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50173,44423],{},[15,50175,1911],{},[20,50177,50178,50180,50181,50183],{},[15,50179,1911],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50182,44423],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1193,50185,1459,50187,50189],{"id":50186},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50188,44423],{}," convert a value?",[20,50191,50192],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[49,50194,1517],{"id":1516},[30,50196,50197,50203,50207,50212,50217],{},[33,50198,50199],{},[303,50200,13,50201,469],{"href":1908},[15,50202,1911],{},[33,50204,50205],{},[303,50206,44415],{"href":48593},[33,50208,50209],{},[303,50210,50211],{"href":2559},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50213,50214],{},[303,50215,50216],{"href":48596},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50218,50219],{},[303,50220,50139,50221],{"href":50138},[15,50222,50142],{},[1542,50224,50225],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":50227},[50228,50229,50231,50234,50238,50239,50244,50250,50258,50259,50269],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":48532,"depth":89,"text":50230},"What isinstance() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":50232},[50233],{"id":48624,"depth":254,"text":48625},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089,"children":50235},[50236,50237],{"id":48712,"depth":254,"text":48713},{"id":48783,"depth":254,"text":48784},{"id":48870,"depth":89,"text":48871},{"id":49067,"depth":89,"text":50240,"children":50241},"isinstance() vs type()",[50242,50243],{"id":49083,"depth":254,"text":49086},{"id":49125,"depth":254,"text":49128},{"id":49186,"depth":89,"text":49187,"children":50245},[50246,50247,50248,50249],{"id":49195,"depth":254,"text":49196},{"id":49377,"depth":254,"text":49378},{"id":49504,"depth":254,"text":49505},{"id":49582,"depth":254,"text":49583},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":50251},[50252,50254,50255,50257],{"id":49672,"depth":254,"text":50253},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49755,"depth":254,"text":49756},{"id":49840,"depth":254,"text":50256},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49924,"depth":254,"text":49925},{"id":25561,"depth":89,"text":25562},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":50260},[50261,50263,50265,50267],{"id":50147,"depth":254,"text":50262},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50159,"depth":254,"text":50264},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50171,"depth":254,"text":50266},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50186,"depth":254,"text":50268},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48433,"description":50270},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50276,"title":50277,"body":50278,"description":52251,"extension":1580,"meta":52252,"navigation":579,"path":52253,"seo":52254,"stem":52255,"__hash__":52256},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50279,"toc":52226},[50280,50283,50288,50293,50307,50310,50312,50387,50392,50396,50401,50404,50418,50420,50586,50599,50601,50603,50618,50621,50624,50637,50639,50737,50741,50747,50750,50759,50761,50796,50801,50822,50827,50832,50864,50867,50924,50928,50934,50937,50990,50992,51032,51035,51103,51106,51157,51164,51168,51174,51259,51265,51271,51320,51323,51326,51376,51378,51383,51387,51437,51441,51488,51492,51569,51573,51638,51641,51645,51650,51655,51667,51669,51688,51694,51697,51716,51721,51748,51755,51759,51765,51768,51863,51866,51869,51918,51923,51925,51929,51964,51967,52024,52034,52037,52071,52074,52076,52080,52083,52087,52090,52094,52097,52101,52114,52118,52123,52125,52175,52187,52189,52223],[10,50281,50277],{"id":50282},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50284,22,50285,50287],{},[15,50286,41977],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50289,35028,50290,50292],{},[15,50291,41977],{}," to count:",[30,50294,50295,50298,50301,50304],{},[33,50296,50297],{},"characters in a string",[33,50299,50300],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50302,50303],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50305,50306],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50308,50309],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[49,50311,52],{"id":51},[54,50313,50315],{"className":56,"code":50314,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50316,50317,50329,50349,50353,50370],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50318,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50320,1370],{"class":382},[63,50322,386],{"class":270},[63,50324,1375],{"class":448},[63,50326,3441],{"class":452},[63,50328,1381],{"class":448},[63,50330,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345,50347],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,50332,7386],{"class":382},[63,50334,386],{"class":270},[63,50336,3216],{"class":73},[63,50338,1940],{"class":82},[63,50340,102],{"class":73},[63,50342,7397],{"class":82},[63,50344,102],{"class":73},[63,50346,7402],{"class":82},[63,50348,3229],{"class":73},[63,50350,50351],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,50352,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,50354,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,50356,70],{"class":69},[63,50358,74],{"class":73},[63,50360,10774],{"class":69},[63,50362,74],{"class":73},[63,50364,1396],{"class":181},[63,50366,4964],{"class":73},[63,50368,50369],{"class":1357},"   # 5\n",[63,50371,50372,50374,50376,50378,50380,50382,50384],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,50373,70],{"class":69},[63,50375,74],{"class":73},[63,50377,10774],{"class":69},[63,50379,74],{"class":73},[63,50381,7417],{"class":181},[63,50383,4964],{"class":73},[63,50385,50386],{"class":1357},"  # 3\n",[20,50388,128,50389,50391],{},[15,50390,41977],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[49,50393,50395],{"id":50394},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50397,50398,50400],{},[15,50399,41977],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50402,50403],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50405,50406,50409,50412,50415],{},[33,50407,50408],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50410,50411],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50413,50414],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50416,50417],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50419,1820],{},[54,50421,50423],{"className":56,"code":50422,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50424,50425,50437,50462,50494,50514,50518,50535,50552,50569],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50426,50427,50429,50431,50433,50435],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50428,7484],{"class":382},[63,50430,386],{"class":270},[63,50432,1375],{"class":448},[63,50434,7283],{"class":452},[63,50436,1381],{"class":448},[63,50438,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50460],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,50440,3211],{"class":382},[63,50442,386],{"class":270},[63,50444,3216],{"class":73},[63,50446,1940],{"class":82},[63,50448,102],{"class":73},[63,50450,7397],{"class":82},[63,50452,102],{"class":73},[63,50454,7402],{"class":82},[63,50456,102],{"class":73},[63,50458,50459],{"class":82}," 40",[63,50461,3229],{"class":73},[63,50463,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488,50490,50492],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,50465,8775],{"class":382},[63,50467,386],{"class":270},[63,50469,10102],{"class":73},[63,50471,2455],{"class":448},[63,50473,303],{"class":452},[63,50475,2455],{"class":448},[63,50477,2482],{"class":73},[63,50479,249],{"class":82},[63,50481,102],{"class":73},[63,50483,1375],{"class":448},[63,50485,4362],{"class":452},[63,50487,2455],{"class":448},[63,50489,2482],{"class":73},[63,50491,105],{"class":82},[63,50493,8919],{"class":73},[63,50495,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510,50512],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,50497,3418],{"class":382},[63,50499,386],{"class":270},[63,50501,10102],{"class":73},[63,50503,1750],{"class":82},[63,50505,102],{"class":73},[63,50507,37269],{"class":82},[63,50509,102],{"class":73},[63,50511,5596],{"class":82},[63,50513,8919],{"class":73},[63,50515,50516],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,50517,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,50519,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,50521,70],{"class":69},[63,50523,74],{"class":73},[63,50525,10774],{"class":69},[63,50527,74],{"class":73},[63,50529,7274],{"class":181},[63,50531,4964],{"class":73},[63,50533,50534],{"class":1357},"     # 3\n",[63,50536,50537,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,50538,70],{"class":69},[63,50540,74],{"class":73},[63,50542,10774],{"class":69},[63,50544,74],{"class":73},[63,50546,3243],{"class":181},[63,50548,4964],{"class":73},[63,50550,50551],{"class":1357},"  # 4\n",[63,50553,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,50555,70],{"class":69},[63,50557,74],{"class":73},[63,50559,10774],{"class":69},[63,50561,74],{"class":73},[63,50563,8814],{"class":181},[63,50565,4964],{"class":73},[63,50567,50568],{"class":1357},"     # 2\n",[63,50570,50571,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,50572,70],{"class":69},[63,50574,74],{"class":73},[63,50576,10774],{"class":69},[63,50578,74],{"class":73},[63,50580,4961],{"class":181},[63,50582,4964],{"class":73},[63,50584,50585],{"class":1357},"   # 3\n",[20,50587,50588,50589,1801,50593,16690,50597,307],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[303,50590,50592],{"href":50591},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[303,50594,50596],{"href":50595},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[303,50598,8765],{"href":8764},[49,50600,164],{"id":163},[20,50602,167],{},[54,50604,50606],{"className":56,"code":50605,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len(object)\n",[15,50607,50608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50609,50610,50612,50614,50616],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50611,10774],{"class":69},[63,50613,74],{"class":73},[63,50615,42015],{"class":417},[63,50617,397],{"class":73},[20,50619,50620],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50622,50623],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,50625,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634],{},[33,50627,37533],{},[33,50629,37527],{},[33,50631,37530],{},[33,50633,37536],{},[33,50635,50636],{},"a dictionary",[20,50638,1820],{},[54,50640,50642],{"className":56,"code":50641,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50643,50644,50665,50689,50711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50645,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50647,70],{"class":69},[63,50649,74],{"class":73},[63,50651,10774],{"class":69},[63,50653,74],{"class":73},[63,50655,2455],{"class":448},[63,50657,58],{"class":452},[63,50659,2455],{"class":448},[63,50661,4964],{"class":73},[63,50663,50664],{"class":1357},"      # 6\n",[63,50666,50667,50669,50671,50673,50675,50677,50679,50681,50683,50685,50687],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,50668,70],{"class":69},[63,50670,74],{"class":73},[63,50672,10774],{"class":69},[63,50674,2583],{"class":73},[63,50676,674],{"class":82},[63,50678,102],{"class":73},[63,50680,105],{"class":82},[63,50682,102],{"class":73},[63,50684,518],{"class":82},[63,50686,4336],{"class":73},[63,50688,50534],{"class":1357},[63,50690,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50708],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,50692,70],{"class":69},[63,50694,74],{"class":73},[63,50696,10774],{"class":69},[63,50698,5112],{"class":73},[63,50700,1940],{"class":82},[63,50702,102],{"class":73},[63,50704,7397],{"class":82},[63,50706,50707],{"class":73},")))",[63,50709,50710],{"class":1357},"      # 2\n",[63,50712,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50734],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,50714,70],{"class":69},[63,50716,74],{"class":73},[63,50718,10774],{"class":69},[63,50720,5131],{"class":73},[63,50722,2455],{"class":448},[63,50724,1786],{"class":452},[63,50726,2455],{"class":448},[63,50728,2482],{"class":73},[63,50730,249],{"class":82},[63,50732,50733],{"class":73},"}))",[63,50735,50736],{"class":1357},"      # 1\n",[49,50738,50740],{"id":50739},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50742,50743,50744,50746],{},"When you use ",[15,50745,41977],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50748,50749],{},"That includes:",[30,50751,50752,50754,50756],{},[33,50753,35767],{},[33,50755,10063],{},[33,50757,50758],{},"punctuation",[20,50760,1820],{},[54,50762,50764],{"className":56,"code":50763,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50765,50766,50779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50767,50768,50770,50772,50774,50777],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50769,1370],{"class":382},[63,50771,386],{"class":270},[63,50773,1375],{"class":448},[63,50775,50776],{"class":452},"Hi there!",[63,50778,1381],{"class":448},[63,50780,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,50782,70],{"class":69},[63,50784,74],{"class":73},[63,50786,10774],{"class":69},[63,50788,74],{"class":73},[63,50790,1396],{"class":181},[63,50792,4964],{"class":73},[63,50794,50795],{"class":1357},"  # 9\n",[20,50797,50798,50799,1506],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50800,1758],{},[30,50802,50803,50809,50813,50816],{},[33,50804,50805,50808],{},[15,50806,50807],{},"H"," = 1",[33,50810,50811,50808],{},[15,50812,35778],{},[33,50814,50815],{},"space = 1",[33,50817,50818,50821],{},[15,50819,50820],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50823,50824,50825],{},"Total: ",[15,50826,1758],{},[20,50828,50829,50830,2482],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50831,1734],{},[54,50833,50835],{"className":56,"code":50834,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50836,50837,50846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50838,50839,50842,50844],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50840,50841],{"class":382},"empty_text ",[63,50843,386],{"class":270},[63,50845,7489],{"class":448},[63,50847,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856,50859,50861],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,50849,70],{"class":69},[63,50851,74],{"class":73},[63,50853,10774],{"class":69},[63,50855,74],{"class":73},[63,50857,50858],{"class":181},"empty_text",[63,50860,4964],{"class":73},[63,50862,50863],{"class":1357},"  # 0\n",[20,50865,50866],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[54,50868,50870],{"className":56,"code":50869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50871,50872,50885,50889,50909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50873,50874,50877,50879,50881,50883],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50875,50876],{"class":382},"user_name ",[63,50878,386],{"class":270},[63,50880,1375],{"class":448},[63,50882,4605],{"class":452},[63,50884,1381],{"class":448},[63,50886,50887],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,50888,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,50890,50891,50893,50895,50897,50900,50902,50905,50907],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,50892,6602],{"class":3473},[63,50894,38012],{"class":69},[63,50896,74],{"class":73},[63,50898,50899],{"class":181},"user_name",[63,50901,3256],{"class":73},[63,50903,50904],{"class":270}," >=",[63,50906,518],{"class":82},[63,50908,5996],{"class":73},[63,50910,50911,50913,50915,50917,50920,50922],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,50912,7677],{"class":69},[63,50914,74],{"class":73},[63,50916,2455],{"class":448},[63,50918,50919],{"class":452},"Name is long enough",[63,50921,2455],{"class":448},[63,50923,397],{"class":73},[49,50925,50927],{"id":50926},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50929,50930,50931,50933],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50932,41977],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50935,50936],{},"Example with a list:",[54,50938,50940],{"className":56,"code":50939,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50941,50942,50974],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50943,50944,50946,50948,50950,50952,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50945,12692],{"class":382},[63,50947,386],{"class":270},[63,50949,3216],{"class":73},[63,50951,2455],{"class":448},[63,50953,12709],{"class":452},[63,50955,2455],{"class":448},[63,50957,102],{"class":73},[63,50959,1375],{"class":448},[63,50961,17074],{"class":452},[63,50963,2455],{"class":448},[63,50965,102],{"class":73},[63,50967,1375],{"class":448},[63,50969,12726],{"class":452},[63,50971,2455],{"class":448},[63,50973,3229],{"class":73},[63,50975,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,50977,70],{"class":69},[63,50979,74],{"class":73},[63,50981,10774],{"class":69},[63,50983,74],{"class":73},[63,50985,17121],{"class":181},[63,50987,4964],{"class":73},[63,50989,50386],{"class":1357},[20,50991,37542],{},[54,50993,50995],{"className":56,"code":50994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50996,50997,51014],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50998,50999,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51000,51001],{"class":382},"point ",[63,51003,386],{"class":270},[63,51005,8846],{"class":73},[63,51007,1940],{"class":82},[63,51009,102],{"class":73},[63,51011,7397],{"class":82},[63,51013,397],{"class":73},[63,51015,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51027,51029],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51017,70],{"class":69},[63,51019,74],{"class":73},[63,51021,10774],{"class":69},[63,51023,74],{"class":73},[63,51025,51026],{"class":181},"point",[63,51028,4964],{"class":73},[63,51030,51031],{"class":1357},"  # 2\n",[20,51033,51034],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[54,51036,51038],{"className":56,"code":51037,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51039,51040,51064,51068,51086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51041,51042,51044,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51043,7386],{"class":382},[63,51045,386],{"class":270},[63,51047,3216],{"class":73},[63,51049,2455],{"class":448},[63,51051,3677],{"class":452},[63,51053,2455],{"class":448},[63,51055,102],{"class":73},[63,51057,1375],{"class":448},[63,51059,3686],{"class":452},[63,51061,2455],{"class":448},[63,51063,3229],{"class":73},[63,51065,51066],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51067,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,51069,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,51071,6602],{"class":3473},[63,51073,38012],{"class":69},[63,51075,74],{"class":73},[63,51077,7417],{"class":181},[63,51079,3256],{"class":73},[63,51081,38022],{"class":270},[63,51083,249],{"class":82},[63,51085,5996],{"class":73},[63,51087,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,51089,7677],{"class":69},[63,51091,74],{"class":73},[63,51093,7417],{"class":181},[63,51095,3497],{"class":73},[63,51097,674],{"class":82},[63,51099,20065],{"class":73},[63,51101,51102],{"class":1357},"  # banana\n",[20,51104,51105],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[54,51107,51109],{"className":56,"code":51108,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51110,51111,51134],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51112,51113,51115,51117,51119,51122,51124,51127,51129,51132],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51114,4665],{"class":382},[63,51116,386],{"class":270},[63,51118,3216],{"class":73},[63,51120,51121],{"class":82},"88",[63,51123,102],{"class":73},[63,51125,51126],{"class":82}," 91",[63,51128,102],{"class":73},[63,51130,51131],{"class":82}," 75",[63,51133,3229],{"class":73},[63,51135,51136,51138,51140,51142,51145,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51137,70],{"class":69},[63,51139,74],{"class":73},[63,51141,2455],{"class":448},[63,51143,51144],{"class":452},"Number of scores:",[63,51146,2455],{"class":448},[63,51148,102],{"class":73},[63,51150,38012],{"class":69},[63,51152,74],{"class":73},[63,51154,16008],{"class":181},[63,51156,86],{"class":73},[20,51158,51159,51160,307],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[303,51161,51163],{"href":51162},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[49,51165,51167],{"id":51166},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51169,51170,51171,51173],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51172,41977],{}," counts keys.",[54,51175,51177],{"className":56,"code":51176,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51178,51179,51187,51205,51219,51235,51239,51243],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51180,51181,51183,51185],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51182,12479],{"class":382},[63,51184,386],{"class":270},[63,51186,11107],{"class":73},[63,51188,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51190,11112],{"class":448},[63,51192,7274],{"class":452},[63,51194,2455],{"class":448},[63,51196,2482],{"class":73},[63,51198,1375],{"class":448},[63,51200,7529],{"class":452},[63,51202,2455],{"class":448},[63,51204,11128],{"class":73},[63,51206,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,51208,11112],{"class":448},[63,51210,8909],{"class":452},[63,51212,2455],{"class":448},[63,51214,2482],{"class":73},[63,51216,30564],{"class":82},[63,51218,11128],{"class":73},[63,51220,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231,51233],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,51222,11112],{"class":448},[63,51224,19511],{"class":452},[63,51226,2455],{"class":448},[63,51228,2482],{"class":73},[63,51230,1375],{"class":448},[63,51232,21865],{"class":452},[63,51234,1381],{"class":448},[63,51236,51237],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,51238,8919],{"class":73},[63,51240,51241],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,51242,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,51244,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,51246,70],{"class":69},[63,51248,74],{"class":73},[63,51250,10774],{"class":69},[63,51252,74],{"class":73},[63,51254,13243],{"class":181},[63,51256,4964],{"class":73},[63,51258,50386],{"class":1357},[20,51260,51261,51262,51264],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51263,41977],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51266,51267,51268,51270],{},"For sets, ",[15,51269,41977],{}," counts unique items:",[54,51272,51274],{"className":56,"code":51273,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51275,51276,51304],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51277,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51279,3211],{"class":382},[63,51281,386],{"class":270},[63,51283,10102],{"class":73},[63,51285,674],{"class":82},[63,51287,102],{"class":73},[63,51289,105],{"class":82},[63,51291,102],{"class":73},[63,51293,518],{"class":82},[63,51295,102],{"class":73},[63,51297,518],{"class":82},[63,51299,102],{"class":73},[63,51301,105],{"class":82},[63,51303,8919],{"class":73},[63,51305,51306,51308,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51307,70],{"class":69},[63,51309,74],{"class":73},[63,51311,10774],{"class":69},[63,51313,74],{"class":73},[63,51315,3243],{"class":181},[63,51317,4964],{"class":73},[63,51319,50386],{"class":1357},[20,51321,51322],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51324,51325],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[54,51327,51329],{"className":56,"code":51328,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51330,51331,51339,51343,51361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51332,51333,51335,51337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51334,8775],{"class":382},[63,51336,386],{"class":270},[63,51338,9449],{"class":73},[63,51340,51341],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51342,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,51344,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,51346,6602],{"class":3473},[63,51348,38012],{"class":69},[63,51350,74],{"class":73},[63,51352,8814],{"class":181},[63,51354,3256],{"class":73},[63,51356,6011],{"class":270},[63,51358,3429],{"class":82},[63,51360,5996],{"class":73},[63,51362,51363,51365,51367,51369,51372,51374],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,51364,7677],{"class":69},[63,51366,74],{"class":73},[63,51368,2455],{"class":448},[63,51370,51371],{"class":452},"The dictionary is empty",[63,51373,2455],{"class":448},[63,51375,397],{"class":73},[49,51377,40665],{"id":40664},[20,51379,51380,51381,307],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51382,41977],{},[1193,51384,51386],{"id":51385},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[54,51388,51390],{"className":56,"code":51389,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51391,51392,51400,51404,51422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51393,51394,51396,51398],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51395,7386],{"class":382},[63,51397,386],{"class":270},[63,51399,7446],{"class":73},[63,51401,51402],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51403,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,51405,51406,51408,51410,51412,51414,51416,51418,51420],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,51407,6602],{"class":3473},[63,51409,38012],{"class":69},[63,51411,74],{"class":73},[63,51413,7417],{"class":181},[63,51415,3256],{"class":73},[63,51417,6011],{"class":270},[63,51419,3429],{"class":82},[63,51421,5996],{"class":73},[63,51423,51424,51426,51428,51430,51433,51435],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,51425,7677],{"class":69},[63,51427,74],{"class":73},[63,51429,2455],{"class":448},[63,51431,51432],{"class":452},"The list is empty",[63,51434,2455],{"class":448},[63,51436,397],{"class":73},[1193,51438,51440],{"id":51439},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[54,51442,51444],{"className":56,"code":51443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51445,51446,51465],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51447,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456,51458,51461,51463],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51449,5757],{"class":382},[63,51451,386],{"class":270},[63,51453,7851],{"class":69},[63,51455,74],{"class":73},[63,51457,2455],{"class":448},[63,51459,51460],{"class":452},"Enter a word: ",[63,51462,2455],{"class":448},[63,51464,397],{"class":73},[63,51466,51467,51469,51471,51473,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51468,70],{"class":69},[63,51470,74],{"class":73},[63,51472,2455],{"class":448},[63,51474,51475],{"class":452},"Number of characters:",[63,51477,2455],{"class":448},[63,51479,102],{"class":73},[63,51481,38012],{"class":69},[63,51483,74],{"class":73},[63,51485,38017],{"class":181},[63,51487,86],{"class":73},[1193,51489,51491],{"id":51490},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[54,51493,51495],{"className":56,"code":51494,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51496,51497,51511,51515,51533,51548,51554],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51498,51499,51502,51504,51506,51509],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51500,51501],{"class":382},"password ",[63,51503,386],{"class":270},[63,51505,1375],{"class":448},[63,51507,51508],{"class":452},"secret123",[63,51510,1381],{"class":448},[63,51512,51513],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51514,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,51516,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527,51529,51531],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,51518,6602],{"class":3473},[63,51520,38012],{"class":69},[63,51522,74],{"class":73},[63,51524,17240],{"class":181},[63,51526,3256],{"class":73},[63,51528,50904],{"class":270},[63,51530,5962],{"class":82},[63,51532,5996],{"class":73},[63,51534,51535,51537,51539,51541,51544,51546],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,51536,7677],{"class":69},[63,51538,74],{"class":73},[63,51540,2455],{"class":448},[63,51542,51543],{"class":452},"Password length is valid",[63,51545,2455],{"class":448},[63,51547,397],{"class":73},[63,51549,51550,51552],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,51551,27054],{"class":3473},[63,51553,5996],{"class":73},[63,51555,51556,51558,51560,51562,51565,51567],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,51557,7677],{"class":69},[63,51559,74],{"class":73},[63,51561,2455],{"class":448},[63,51563,51564],{"class":452},"Password is too short",[63,51566,2455],{"class":448},[63,51568,397],{"class":73},[1193,51570,51572],{"id":51571},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[54,51574,51576],{"className":56,"code":51575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51577,51578,51614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51579,51580,51583,51585,51587,51589,51592,51594,51596,51598,51601,51603,51605,51607,51610,51612],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51581,51582],{"class":382},"results ",[63,51584,386],{"class":270},[63,51586,3216],{"class":73},[63,51588,2455],{"class":448},[63,51590,51591],{"class":452},"item1",[63,51593,2455],{"class":448},[63,51595,102],{"class":73},[63,51597,1375],{"class":448},[63,51599,51600],{"class":452},"item2",[63,51602,2455],{"class":448},[63,51604,102],{"class":73},[63,51606,1375],{"class":448},[63,51608,51609],{"class":452},"item3",[63,51611,2455],{"class":448},[63,51613,3229],{"class":73},[63,51615,51616,51618,51620,51622,51625,51627,51629,51631,51633,51636],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51617,70],{"class":69},[63,51619,74],{"class":73},[63,51621,2455],{"class":448},[63,51623,51624],{"class":452},"Items found:",[63,51626,2455],{"class":448},[63,51628,102],{"class":73},[63,51630,38012],{"class":69},[63,51632,74],{"class":73},[63,51634,51635],{"class":181},"results",[63,51637,86],{"class":73},[20,51639,51640],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[49,51642,51644],{"id":51643},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51646,51647,51649],{},[15,51648,41977],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51651,51652,51653,2482],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51654,2602],{},[30,51656,51657,51660,51663],{},[33,51658,51659],{},"plain integers",[33,51661,51662],{},"floats",[33,51664,51665],{},[15,51666,3373],{},[20,51668,1820],{},[54,51670,51672],{"className":56,"code":51671,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51673,51674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51675,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51677,70],{"class":69},[63,51679,74],{"class":73},[63,51681,10774],{"class":69},[63,51683,74],{"class":73},[63,51685,1750],{"class":82},[63,51687,86],{"class":73},[20,51689,51690,51691,51693],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51692,1750],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51695,51696],{},"Another example:",[54,51698,51700],{"className":56,"code":51699,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51701,51702],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51703,51704,51706,51708,51710,51712,51714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51705,70],{"class":69},[63,51707,74],{"class":73},[63,51709,10774],{"class":69},[63,51711,74],{"class":73},[63,51713,1378],{"class":82},[63,51715,86],{"class":73},[20,51717,51718,51719,2482],{},"And with ",[15,51720,3373],{},[54,51722,51724],{"className":56,"code":51723,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51725,51726,51734],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51727,51728,51730,51732],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51729,984],{"class":382},[63,51731,386],{"class":270},[63,51733,48143],{"class":3448},[63,51735,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51737,70],{"class":69},[63,51739,74],{"class":73},[63,51741,10774],{"class":69},[63,51743,74],{"class":73},[63,51745,1002],{"class":181},[63,51747,86],{"class":73},[20,51749,51750,51751,307],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[303,51752,51754],{"href":51753},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[49,51756,51758],{"id":51757},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51760,51761,51762,51764],{},"Before using ",[15,51763,41977],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51766,51767],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[54,51769,51771],{"className":56,"code":51770,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51772,51773,51781,51785,51795,51809,51827,51845],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51774,51775,51777,51779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51776,984],{"class":382},[63,51778,386],{"class":270},[63,51780,48143],{"class":3448},[63,51782,51783],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51784,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,51786,51787,51789,51791,51793],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,51788,70],{"class":69},[63,51790,74],{"class":73},[63,51792,1002],{"class":181},[63,51794,397],{"class":73},[63,51796,51797,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,51798,70],{"class":69},[63,51800,74],{"class":73},[63,51802,418],{"class":417},[63,51804,74],{"class":73},[63,51806,1002],{"class":181},[63,51808,86],{"class":73},[63,51810,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,51812,70],{"class":69},[63,51814,74],{"class":73},[63,51816,48490],{"class":69},[63,51818,74],{"class":73},[63,51820,1002],{"class":181},[63,51822,102],{"class":73},[63,51824,48519],{"class":417},[63,51826,86],{"class":73},[63,51828,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,51830,70],{"class":69},[63,51832,74],{"class":73},[63,51834,48490],{"class":69},[63,51836,74],{"class":73},[63,51838,1002],{"class":181},[63,51840,102],{"class":73},[63,51842,22180],{"class":417},[63,51844,86],{"class":73},[63,51846,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,51848,70],{"class":69},[63,51850,74],{"class":73},[63,51852,48490],{"class":69},[63,51854,74],{"class":73},[63,51856,1002],{"class":181},[63,51858,102],{"class":73},[63,51860,8780],{"class":417},[63,51862,86],{"class":73},[20,51864,51865],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51867,51868],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[54,51870,51872],{"className":56,"code":51871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51873,51874,51886,51890,51904],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51875,51876,51878,51880,51882,51884],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51877,984],{"class":382},[63,51879,386],{"class":270},[63,51881,1375],{"class":448},[63,51883,3441],{"class":452},[63,51885,1381],{"class":448},[63,51887,51888],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,51889,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,51891,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,51893,6602],{"class":3473},[63,51895,21204],{"class":382},[63,51897,11809],{"class":270},[63,51899,7708],{"class":270},[63,51901,3449],{"class":3448},[63,51903,5996],{"class":73},[63,51905,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,51907,7677],{"class":69},[63,51909,74],{"class":73},[63,51911,10774],{"class":69},[63,51913,74],{"class":73},[63,51915,1002],{"class":181},[63,51917,86],{"class":73},[20,51919,51920,51921,307],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[303,51922,8051],{"href":1908},[49,51924,1186],{"id":1185},[20,51926,1189,51927,2482],{},[15,51928,41977],{},[30,51930,51931,51939,51947,51955,51961],{},[33,51932,311,51933,51935,51936],{},[15,51934,41977],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51937,51938],{},"len(5)",[33,51940,311,51941,51943,51944],{},[15,51942,41977],{}," on a float like ",[15,51945,51946],{},"len(3.14)",[33,51948,311,51949,51951,51952,51954],{},[15,51950,41977],{}," on ",[15,51953,3373],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,51956,4180,51957,51960],{},[15,51958,51959],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,51962,51963],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51965,51966],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[54,51968,51970],{"className":56,"code":51969,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51971,51972,52008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51973,51974,51976,51978,51980,51982,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51975,12821],{"class":382},[63,51977,386],{"class":270},[63,51979,10102],{"class":73},[63,51981,2455],{"class":448},[63,51983,7274],{"class":452},[63,51985,2455],{"class":448},[63,51987,2482],{"class":73},[63,51989,1375],{"class":448},[63,51991,12496],{"class":452},[63,51993,2455],{"class":448},[63,51995,102],{"class":73},[63,51997,1375],{"class":448},[63,51999,8909],{"class":452},[63,52001,2455],{"class":448},[63,52003,2482],{"class":73},[63,52005,7397],{"class":82},[63,52007,8919],{"class":73},[63,52009,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52011,70],{"class":69},[63,52013,74],{"class":73},[63,52015,10774],{"class":69},[63,52017,74],{"class":73},[63,52019,16925],{"class":181},[63,52021,4964],{"class":73},[63,52023,51031],{"class":1357},[20,52025,37220,52026,52028,52029,3993,52031,307],{},[15,52027,274],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52030,14858],{},[15,52032,52033],{},"\"age\"",[20,52035,52036],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[54,52038,52040],{"className":56,"code":52039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52041,52042,52055],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52043,52044,52046,52048,52050,52053],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52045,1370],{"class":382},[63,52047,386],{"class":270},[63,52049,1375],{"class":448},[63,52051,52052],{"class":452},"a b",[63,52054,1381],{"class":448},[63,52056,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067,52069],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52058,70],{"class":69},[63,52060,74],{"class":73},[63,52062,10774],{"class":69},[63,52064,74],{"class":73},[63,52066,1396],{"class":181},[63,52068,4964],{"class":73},[63,52070,50386],{"class":1357},[20,52072,52073],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[49,52075,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,52077,52079],{"id":52078},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52081,52082],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1193,52084,52086],{"id":52085},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52088,52089],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1193,52091,52093],{"id":52092},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52095,52096],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1193,52098,52100],{"id":52099},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52102,52103,52104,52106,52107,632,52109,52111,52112,307],{},"No. Using ",[15,52105,41977],{}," on an ",[15,52108,453],{},[15,52110,1804],{}," raises a ",[15,52113,2602],{},[1193,52115,52117],{"id":52116},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52119,7369,52120,307],{},[15,52121,52122],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52124,1820],{},[54,52126,52128],{"className":56,"code":52127,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52129,52130,52138,52142,52160],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52131,52132,52134,52136],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52133,7917],{"class":382},[63,52135,386],{"class":270},[63,52137,7446],{"class":73},[63,52139,52140],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52141,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,52143,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156,52158],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,52145,6602],{"class":3473},[63,52147,38012],{"class":69},[63,52149,74],{"class":73},[63,52151,7948],{"class":181},[63,52153,3256],{"class":73},[63,52155,6011],{"class":270},[63,52157,3429],{"class":82},[63,52159,5996],{"class":73},[63,52161,52162,52164,52166,52168,52171,52173],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,52163,7677],{"class":69},[63,52165,74],{"class":73},[63,52167,2455],{"class":448},[63,52169,52170],{"class":452},"Empty list",[63,52172,2455],{"class":448},[63,52174,397],{"class":73},[20,52176,52177,52178,52180,52181,52183,52184,52186],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52179,3269],{}," in an ",[15,52182,6602],{}," statement, but ",[15,52185,41977],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[49,52188,1517],{"id":1516},[30,52190,52191,52195,52199,52203,52208,52212,52218],{},[33,52192,52193],{},[303,52194,50592],{"href":50591},[33,52196,52197],{},[303,52198,50596],{"href":50595},[33,52200,52201],{},[303,52202,8765],{"href":8764},[33,52204,52205],{},[303,52206,52207],{"href":51162},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52209,52210],{},[303,52211,8051],{"href":1908},[33,52213,52214],{},[303,52215,52217],{"href":52216},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52219,52220],{},[303,52221,52222],{"href":51753},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1542,52224,52225],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":52227},[52228,52229,52230,52231,52232,52233,52234,52240,52241,52242,52243,52250],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":50394,"depth":89,"text":50395},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":50739,"depth":89,"text":50740},{"id":50926,"depth":89,"text":50927},{"id":51166,"depth":89,"text":51167},{"id":40664,"depth":89,"text":40665,"children":52235},[52236,52237,52238,52239],{"id":51385,"depth":254,"text":51386},{"id":51439,"depth":254,"text":51440},{"id":51490,"depth":254,"text":51491},{"id":51571,"depth":254,"text":51572},{"id":51643,"depth":89,"text":51644},{"id":51757,"depth":89,"text":51758},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":52244},[52245,52246,52247,52248,52249],{"id":52078,"depth":254,"text":52079},{"id":52085,"depth":254,"text":52086},{"id":52092,"depth":254,"text":52093},{"id":52099,"depth":254,"text":52100},{"id":52116,"depth":254,"text":52117},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50277,"description":52251},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52258,"title":52259,"body":52260,"description":53945,"extension":1580,"meta":53946,"navigation":579,"path":53947,"seo":53948,"stem":53949,"__hash__":53950},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52261,"toc":53918},[52262,52265,52279,52285,52287,52341,52346,52350,52366,52369,52383,52389,52391,52394,52413,52429,52431,52507,52509,52546,52557,52559,52562,52623,52625,52658,52661,52667,52671,52674,52799,52801,52860,52868,52921,52923,52950,52956,52966,52970,52973,52978,53030,53032,53058,53064,53118,53120,53145,53148,53172,53178,53180,53184,53186,53243,53245,53253,53255,53277,53279,53332,53334,53358,53362,53364,53403,53405,53413,53419,53423,53475,53477,53503,53511,53515,53520,53529,53531,53597,53599,53631,53635,53640,53642,53656,53659,53732,53734,53760,53762,53766,53773,53777,53784,53788,53791,53793,53846,53848,53874,53878,53887,53889,53915],[10,52263,52259],{"id":52264},"python-list-append-method",[20,52266,1597,52267,52270,52271,52274,52275,52278],{},[15,52268,52269],{},"append()"," method adds ",[833,52272,52273],{},"one item"," to the ",[833,52276,52277],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52280,52281,52282,52284],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[833,52283,973],{}," create a new list.",[49,52286,3201],{"id":3200},[54,52288,52290],{"className":56,"code":52289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52291,52292,52312,52326,52336],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52293,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308,52310],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52295,3211],{"class":382},[63,52297,386],{"class":270},[63,52299,3216],{"class":73},[63,52301,674],{"class":82},[63,52303,102],{"class":73},[63,52305,105],{"class":82},[63,52307,102],{"class":73},[63,52309,518],{"class":82},[63,52311,3229],{"class":73},[63,52313,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52315,3243],{"class":382},[63,52317,307],{"class":73},[63,52319,13170],{"class":181},[63,52321,74],{"class":73},[63,52323,952],{"class":82},[63,52325,397],{"class":73},[63,52327,52328,52330,52332,52334],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,52329,70],{"class":69},[63,52331,74],{"class":73},[63,52333,3243],{"class":181},[63,52335,397],{"class":73},[63,52337,52338],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,52339,52340],{"class":1357},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52342,128,52343,52345],{},[15,52344,52269],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[49,52347,52349],{"id":52348},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52351,52352,52357,52360,52363],{},[33,52353,52354,52356],{},[15,52355,52269],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52358,52359],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52361,52362],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52364,52365],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52367,52368],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52370,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379,52381],{},[33,52372,3243],{},[33,52374,4911],{},[33,52376,40216],{},[33,52378,4902],{},[33,52380,6856],{},[33,52382,34285],{},[20,52384,52385,52386,307],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[303,52387,52388],{"href":50595},"Python lists explained for beginners",[49,52390,5034],{"id":5033},[20,52392,52393],{},"Basic form:",[54,52395,52397],{"className":56,"code":52396,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52398,52399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52400,52401,52403,52405,52407,52409,52411],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52402,7948],{"class":382},[63,52404,307],{"class":73},[63,52406,13170],{"class":181},[63,52408,74],{"class":73},[63,52410,22930],{"class":181},[63,52412,397],{"class":73},[30,52414,52415,52420,52425],{},[33,52416,52417,52419],{},[15,52418,7948],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52421,52422,52424],{},[15,52423,22930],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52426,11526,52427],{},[15,52428,3373],{},[20,52430,1820],{},[54,52432,52434],{"className":56,"code":52433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52435,52436,52460,52483,52487,52497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52437,52438,52440,52442,52444,52446,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456,52458],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52439,35863],{"class":382},[63,52441,386],{"class":270},[63,52443,3216],{"class":73},[63,52445,2455],{"class":448},[63,52447,3677],{"class":452},[63,52449,2455],{"class":448},[63,52451,102],{"class":73},[63,52453,1375],{"class":448},[63,52455,3686],{"class":452},[63,52457,2455],{"class":448},[63,52459,3229],{"class":73},[63,52461,52462,52464,52466,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52463,383],{"class":382},[63,52465,386],{"class":270},[63,52467,52468],{"class":382}," fruits",[63,52470,307],{"class":73},[63,52472,13170],{"class":181},[63,52474,74],{"class":73},[63,52476,2455],{"class":448},[63,52478,32843],{"class":452},[63,52480,2455],{"class":448},[63,52482,397],{"class":73},[63,52484,52485],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,52486,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,52488,52489,52491,52493,52495],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,52490,70],{"class":69},[63,52492,74],{"class":73},[63,52494,35915],{"class":181},[63,52496,397],{"class":73},[63,52498,52499,52501,52503,52505],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,52500,70],{"class":69},[63,52502,74],{"class":73},[63,52504,406],{"class":181},[63,52506,397],{"class":73},[20,52508,110],{},[54,52510,52512],{"className":56,"code":52511,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52513,52514,52542],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52515,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52517,3497],{"class":73},[63,52519,456],{"class":448},[63,52521,3677],{"class":452},[63,52523,456],{"class":448},[63,52525,102],{"class":73},[63,52527,449],{"class":448},[63,52529,3686],{"class":452},[63,52531,456],{"class":448},[63,52533,102],{"class":73},[63,52535,449],{"class":448},[63,52537,32843],{"class":452},[63,52539,456],{"class":448},[63,52541,3229],{"class":73},[63,52543,52544],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52545,11423],{"class":3448},[20,52547,52548,52549,52551,52552,52554,52555,307],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52550,52269],{}," updates ",[15,52553,35915],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52556,3373],{},[49,52558,11089],{"id":11088},[20,52560,52561],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[54,52563,52565],{"className":56,"code":52564,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52566,52567,52591,52609,52613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52568,52569,52571,52573,52575,52577,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587,52589],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52570,12692],{"class":382},[63,52572,386],{"class":270},[63,52574,3216],{"class":73},[63,52576,2455],{"class":448},[63,52578,12709],{"class":452},[63,52580,2455],{"class":448},[63,52582,102],{"class":73},[63,52584,1375],{"class":448},[63,52586,12726],{"class":452},[63,52588,2455],{"class":448},[63,52590,3229],{"class":73},[63,52592,52593,52595,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52594,17121],{"class":382},[63,52596,307],{"class":73},[63,52598,13170],{"class":181},[63,52600,74],{"class":73},[63,52602,2455],{"class":448},[63,52604,17074],{"class":452},[63,52606,2455],{"class":448},[63,52608,397],{"class":73},[63,52610,52611],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,52612,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,52614,52615,52617,52619,52621],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,52616,70],{"class":69},[63,52618,74],{"class":73},[63,52620,17121],{"class":181},[63,52622,397],{"class":73},[20,52624,110],{},[54,52626,52628],{"className":56,"code":52627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52629,52630],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52631,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644,52646,52648,52650,52652,52654,52656],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52633,3497],{"class":73},[63,52635,456],{"class":448},[63,52637,12709],{"class":452},[63,52639,456],{"class":448},[63,52641,102],{"class":73},[63,52643,449],{"class":448},[63,52645,12726],{"class":452},[63,52647,456],{"class":448},[63,52649,102],{"class":73},[63,52651,449],{"class":448},[63,52653,17074],{"class":452},[63,52655,456],{"class":448},[63,52657,3229],{"class":73},[20,52659,52660],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52662,30704,52663,307],{},[303,52664,52666],{"href":52665},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[49,52668,52670],{"id":52669},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52672,52673],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[54,52675,52677],{"className":56,"code":52676,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52678,52679,52687,52691,52705,52723,52737,52763,52785,52789],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52680,52681,52683,52685],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52682,7386],{"class":382},[63,52684,386],{"class":270},[63,52686,7446],{"class":73},[63,52688,52689],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52690,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,52692,52693,52695,52697,52699,52701,52703],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,52694,7417],{"class":382},[63,52696,307],{"class":73},[63,52698,13170],{"class":181},[63,52700,74],{"class":73},[63,52702,1940],{"class":82},[63,52704,397],{"class":73},[63,52706,52707,52709,52711,52713,52715,52717,52719,52721],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,52708,7417],{"class":382},[63,52710,307],{"class":73},[63,52712,13170],{"class":181},[63,52714,74],{"class":73},[63,52716,2455],{"class":448},[63,52718,3441],{"class":452},[63,52720,2455],{"class":448},[63,52722,397],{"class":73},[63,52724,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,52726,7417],{"class":382},[63,52728,307],{"class":73},[63,52730,13170],{"class":181},[63,52732,74],{"class":73},[63,52734,3196],{"class":3448},[63,52736,397],{"class":73},[63,52738,52739,52741,52743,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,52740,7417],{"class":382},[63,52742,307],{"class":73},[63,52744,13170],{"class":181},[63,52746,5131],{"class":73},[63,52748,2455],{"class":448},[63,52750,7274],{"class":452},[63,52752,2455],{"class":448},[63,52754,2482],{"class":73},[63,52756,1375],{"class":448},[63,52758,7283],{"class":452},[63,52760,2455],{"class":448},[63,52762,30117],{"class":73},[63,52764,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,52766,7417],{"class":382},[63,52768,307],{"class":73},[63,52770,13170],{"class":181},[63,52772,2583],{"class":73},[63,52774,674],{"class":82},[63,52776,102],{"class":73},[63,52778,105],{"class":82},[63,52780,102],{"class":73},[63,52782,518],{"class":82},[63,52784,191],{"class":73},[63,52786,52787],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,52788,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,52790,52791,52793,52795,52797],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,52792,70],{"class":69},[63,52794,74],{"class":73},[63,52796,7417],{"class":181},[63,52798,397],{"class":73},[20,52800,110],{},[54,52802,52804],{"className":56,"code":52803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52805,52806],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52807,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52809,3497],{"class":73},[63,52811,1940],{"class":82},[63,52813,102],{"class":73},[63,52815,449],{"class":448},[63,52817,3441],{"class":452},[63,52819,456],{"class":448},[63,52821,102],{"class":73},[63,52823,3513],{"class":3448},[63,52825,102],{"class":73},[63,52827,10102],{"class":73},[63,52829,456],{"class":448},[63,52831,7274],{"class":452},[63,52833,456],{"class":448},[63,52835,2482],{"class":73},[63,52837,449],{"class":448},[63,52839,7283],{"class":452},[63,52841,456],{"class":448},[63,52843,52844],{"class":73},"},",[63,52846,3216],{"class":73},[63,52848,674],{"class":82},[63,52850,102],{"class":73},[63,52852,105],{"class":82},[63,52854,102],{"class":73},[63,52856,518],{"class":82},[63,52858,52859],{"class":73},"]]\n",[20,52861,52862,52863,41772,52865,307],{},"A list added with ",[15,52864,52269],{},[833,52866,52867],{},"one single item",[54,52869,52871],{"className":56,"code":52870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52872,52873,52889,52907,52911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52874,52875,52877,52879,52881,52883,52885,52887],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52876,3211],{"class":382},[63,52878,386],{"class":270},[63,52880,3216],{"class":73},[63,52882,674],{"class":82},[63,52884,102],{"class":73},[63,52886,105],{"class":82},[63,52888,3229],{"class":73},[63,52890,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,52892,3243],{"class":382},[63,52894,307],{"class":73},[63,52896,13170],{"class":181},[63,52898,2583],{"class":73},[63,52900,715],{"class":82},[63,52902,102],{"class":73},[63,52904,2061],{"class":82},[63,52906,191],{"class":73},[63,52908,52909],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,52910,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,52912,52913,52915,52917,52919],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,52914,70],{"class":69},[63,52916,74],{"class":73},[63,52918,3243],{"class":181},[63,52920,397],{"class":73},[20,52922,110],{},[54,52924,52926],{"className":56,"code":52925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52927,52928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52929,52930,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52931,3497],{"class":73},[63,52933,674],{"class":82},[63,52935,102],{"class":73},[63,52937,105],{"class":82},[63,52939,102],{"class":73},[63,52941,3216],{"class":73},[63,52943,715],{"class":82},[63,52945,102],{"class":73},[63,52947,2061],{"class":82},[63,52949,52859],{"class":73},[20,52951,1895,52952,52955],{},[15,52953,52954],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52957,52958,52959,52965],{},"This is different from ",[303,52960,52962],{"href":52961},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52963,52964],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[49,52967,52969],{"id":52968},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52971,52972],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1193,52974,311,52976],{"id":52975},"using-append",[15,52977,52269],{},[54,52979,52980],{"className":56,"code":52870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,52981,52982,52998,53016,53020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52983,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52985,3211],{"class":382},[63,52987,386],{"class":270},[63,52989,3216],{"class":73},[63,52991,674],{"class":82},[63,52993,102],{"class":73},[63,52995,105],{"class":82},[63,52997,3229],{"class":73},[63,52999,53000,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53001,3243],{"class":382},[63,53003,307],{"class":73},[63,53005,13170],{"class":181},[63,53007,2583],{"class":73},[63,53009,715],{"class":82},[63,53011,102],{"class":73},[63,53013,2061],{"class":82},[63,53015,191],{"class":73},[63,53017,53018],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,53019,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53021,53022,53024,53026,53028],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,53023,70],{"class":69},[63,53025,74],{"class":73},[63,53027,3243],{"class":181},[63,53029,397],{"class":73},[20,53031,110],{},[54,53033,53034],{"className":56,"code":52925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,53035,53036],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53037,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53039,3497],{"class":73},[63,53041,674],{"class":82},[63,53043,102],{"class":73},[63,53045,105],{"class":82},[63,53047,102],{"class":73},[63,53049,3216],{"class":73},[63,53051,715],{"class":82},[63,53053,102],{"class":73},[63,53055,2061],{"class":82},[63,53057,52859],{"class":73},[1193,53059,311,53061],{"id":53060},"using-extend",[15,53062,53063],{},"extend()",[54,53065,53067],{"className":56,"code":53066,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53068,53069,53085,53104,53108],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53070,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53072,3211],{"class":382},[63,53074,386],{"class":270},[63,53076,3216],{"class":73},[63,53078,674],{"class":82},[63,53080,102],{"class":73},[63,53082,105],{"class":82},[63,53084,3229],{"class":73},[63,53086,53087,53089,53091,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53088,3243],{"class":382},[63,53090,307],{"class":73},[63,53092,53093],{"class":181},"extend",[63,53095,2583],{"class":73},[63,53097,715],{"class":82},[63,53099,102],{"class":73},[63,53101,2061],{"class":82},[63,53103,191],{"class":73},[63,53105,53106],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,53107,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53109,53110,53112,53114,53116],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,53111,70],{"class":69},[63,53113,74],{"class":73},[63,53115,3243],{"class":181},[63,53117,397],{"class":73},[20,53119,110],{},[54,53121,53123],{"className":56,"code":53122,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53124,53125],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53126,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53128,3497],{"class":73},[63,53130,674],{"class":82},[63,53132,102],{"class":73},[63,53134,105],{"class":82},[63,53136,102],{"class":73},[63,53138,518],{"class":82},[63,53140,102],{"class":73},[63,53142,2061],{"class":82},[63,53144,3229],{"class":73},[20,53146,53147],{},"The difference:",[30,53149,53150,53156,53162,53167],{},[33,53151,53152,53155],{},[15,53153,53154],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53157,53158,53161],{},[15,53159,53160],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53163,128,53164,53166],{},[15,53165,52269],{}," for one item",[33,53168,128,53169,53171],{},[15,53170,53063],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53173,53174,53175,307],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[303,53176,53177],{"href":52961},"Python list extend() method",[49,53179,4119],{"id":4118},[1193,53181,53183],{"id":53182},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53185,25310],{},[54,53187,53189],{"className":56,"code":53188,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53190,53191,53211,53229,53233],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53192,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53194,7386],{"class":382},[63,53196,386],{"class":270},[63,53198,3216],{"class":73},[63,53200,674],{"class":82},[63,53202,102],{"class":73},[63,53204,105],{"class":82},[63,53206,102],{"class":73},[63,53208,518],{"class":82},[63,53210,3229],{"class":73},[63,53212,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53214,7386],{"class":382},[63,53216,386],{"class":270},[63,53218,5568],{"class":382},[63,53220,307],{"class":73},[63,53222,13170],{"class":181},[63,53224,74],{"class":73},[63,53226,952],{"class":82},[63,53228,397],{"class":73},[63,53230,53231],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,53232,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53234,53235,53237,53239,53241],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,53236,70],{"class":69},[63,53238,74],{"class":73},[63,53240,7417],{"class":181},[63,53242,397],{"class":73},[20,53244,110],{},[54,53246,53247],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,53248,53249],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53250,53251],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53252,11423],{"class":3448},[20,53254,11515],{},[30,53256,53257,53262,53268],{},[33,53258,53259,53261],{},[15,53260,52269],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53263,53264,2004,53266],{},[15,53265,52269],{},[15,53267,3373],{},[33,53269,53270,53271,53274,53275],{},"So ",[15,53272,53273],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53276,3373],{},[20,53278,10419],{},[54,53280,53282],{"className":56,"code":53281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53283,53284,53304,53318,53322],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53285,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53287,7386],{"class":382},[63,53289,386],{"class":270},[63,53291,3216],{"class":73},[63,53293,674],{"class":82},[63,53295,102],{"class":73},[63,53297,105],{"class":82},[63,53299,102],{"class":73},[63,53301,518],{"class":82},[63,53303,3229],{"class":73},[63,53305,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53307,7417],{"class":382},[63,53309,307],{"class":73},[63,53311,13170],{"class":181},[63,53313,74],{"class":73},[63,53315,952],{"class":82},[63,53317,397],{"class":73},[63,53319,53320],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,53321,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53323,53324,53326,53328,53330],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,53325,70],{"class":69},[63,53327,74],{"class":73},[63,53329,7417],{"class":181},[63,53331,397],{"class":73},[20,53333,110],{},[54,53335,53336],{"className":56,"code":53122,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,53337,53338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53339,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53341,3497],{"class":73},[63,53343,674],{"class":82},[63,53345,102],{"class":73},[63,53347,105],{"class":82},[63,53349,102],{"class":73},[63,53351,518],{"class":82},[63,53353,102],{"class":73},[63,53355,2061],{"class":82},[63,53357,3229],{"class":73},[1193,53359,53361],{"id":53360},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53363,18533],{},[54,53365,53367],{"className":56,"code":53366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53368,53369,53393],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53370,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53372,31504],{"class":382},[63,53374,386],{"class":270},[63,53376,3216],{"class":73},[63,53378,674],{"class":82},[63,53380,102],{"class":73},[63,53382,105],{"class":82},[63,53384,13167],{"class":73},[63,53386,13170],{"class":181},[63,53388,74],{"class":73},[63,53390,715],{"class":82},[63,53392,397],{"class":73},[63,53394,53395,53397,53399,53401],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53396,70],{"class":69},[63,53398,74],{"class":73},[63,53400,31523],{"class":181},[63,53402,397],{"class":73},[20,53404,110],{},[54,53406,53407],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,53408,53409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53410,53411],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53412,11423],{"class":3448},[20,53414,53415,53416,53418],{},"Remember: ",[15,53417,52269],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1193,53420,53422],{"id":53421},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[54,53424,53425],{"className":56,"code":52870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,53426,53427,53443,53461,53465],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53428,53429,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53430,3211],{"class":382},[63,53432,386],{"class":270},[63,53434,3216],{"class":73},[63,53436,674],{"class":82},[63,53438,102],{"class":73},[63,53440,105],{"class":82},[63,53442,3229],{"class":73},[63,53444,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53446,3243],{"class":382},[63,53448,307],{"class":73},[63,53450,13170],{"class":181},[63,53452,2583],{"class":73},[63,53454,715],{"class":82},[63,53456,102],{"class":73},[63,53458,2061],{"class":82},[63,53460,191],{"class":73},[63,53462,53463],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,53464,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53466,53467,53469,53471,53473],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,53468,70],{"class":69},[63,53470,74],{"class":73},[63,53472,3243],{"class":181},[63,53474,397],{"class":73},[20,53476,110],{},[54,53478,53479],{"className":56,"code":52925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,53480,53481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53482,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53484,3497],{"class":73},[63,53486,674],{"class":82},[63,53488,102],{"class":73},[63,53490,105],{"class":82},[63,53492,102],{"class":73},[63,53494,3216],{"class":73},[63,53496,715],{"class":82},[63,53498,102],{"class":73},[63,53500,2061],{"class":82},[63,53502,52859],{"class":73},[20,53504,955,53505,53508,53509,6235],{},[15,53506,53507],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53510,53063],{},[1193,53512,53514],{"id":53513},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53516,53517,53519],{},[15,53518,52269],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53521,53522,53523,307],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[303,53524,53526],{"href":53525},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53527,53528],{},"list.insert()",[20,53530,1820],{},[54,53532,53534],{"className":56,"code":53533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53535,53536,53560,53583,53587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53537,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53539,35714],{"class":382},[63,53541,386],{"class":270},[63,53543,3216],{"class":73},[63,53545,2455],{"class":448},[63,53547,303],{"class":452},[63,53549,2455],{"class":448},[63,53551,102],{"class":73},[63,53553,1375],{"class":448},[63,53555,9350],{"class":452},[63,53557,2455],{"class":448},[63,53559,3229],{"class":73},[63,53561,53562,53564,53566,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53563,35767],{"class":382},[63,53565,307],{"class":73},[63,53567,53568],{"class":181},"insert",[63,53570,74],{"class":73},[63,53572,674],{"class":82},[63,53574,102],{"class":73},[63,53576,1375],{"class":448},[63,53578,4362],{"class":452},[63,53580,2455],{"class":448},[63,53582,397],{"class":73},[63,53584,53585],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,53586,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53588,53589,53591,53593,53595],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,53590,70],{"class":69},[63,53592,74],{"class":73},[63,53594,35767],{"class":181},[63,53596,397],{"class":73},[20,53598,110],{},[54,53600,53601],{"className":56,"code":42492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,53602,53603],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53604,53605,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53606,3497],{"class":73},[63,53608,456],{"class":448},[63,53610,303],{"class":452},[63,53612,456],{"class":448},[63,53614,102],{"class":73},[63,53616,449],{"class":448},[63,53618,4362],{"class":452},[63,53620,456],{"class":448},[63,53622,102],{"class":73},[63,53624,449],{"class":448},[63,53626,9350],{"class":452},[63,53628,456],{"class":448},[63,53630,3229],{"class":73},[49,53632,53634],{"id":53633},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53636,53637,53639],{},[15,53638,52269],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53641,36050],{},[30,53643,53644,53647,53650,53653],{},[33,53645,53646],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,53648,53649],{},"collecting user input",[33,53651,53652],{},"storing results step by step",[33,53654,53655],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53657,53658],{},"Example with a loop:",[54,53660,53662],{"className":56,"code":53661,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53663,53664,53673,53677,53698,53717,53721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53665,53666,53669,53671],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53667,53668],{"class":382},"squares ",[63,53670,386],{"class":270},[63,53672,7446],{"class":73},[63,53674,53675],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53676,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53678,53679,53681,53683,53685,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,53680,5560],{"class":3473},[63,53682,5989],{"class":382},[63,53684,3480],{"class":3473},[63,53686,53687],{"class":69}," range",[63,53689,74],{"class":73},[63,53691,674],{"class":82},[63,53693,102],{"class":73},[63,53695,4206],{"class":82},[63,53697,7951],{"class":73},[63,53699,53700,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,53701,53702],{"class":382},"    squares",[63,53704,307],{"class":73},[63,53706,13170],{"class":181},[63,53708,74],{"class":73},[63,53710,1386],{"class":181},[63,53712,39499],{"class":270},[63,53714,1809],{"class":181},[63,53716,397],{"class":73},[63,53718,53719],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,53720,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53722,53723,53725,53727,53730],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,53724,70],{"class":69},[63,53726,74],{"class":73},[63,53728,53729],{"class":181},"squares",[63,53731,397],{"class":73},[20,53733,110],{},[54,53735,53737],{"className":56,"code":53736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53738,53739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53740,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53754,53756,53758],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53742,3497],{"class":73},[63,53744,674],{"class":82},[63,53746,102],{"class":73},[63,53748,2061],{"class":82},[63,53750,102],{"class":73},[63,53752,53753],{"class":82}," 9",[63,53755,102],{"class":73},[63,53757,13605],{"class":82},[63,53759,3229],{"class":73},[49,53761,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,53763,53765],{"id":53764},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53767,45983,53768,53770,53771,307],{},[15,53769,52269],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53772,3373],{},[1193,53774,53776],{"id":53775},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53778,53779,53780,307],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[303,53781,53782],{"href":52961},[15,53783,53063],{},[1193,53785,53787],{"id":53786},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53789,53790],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53792,1820],{},[54,53794,53796],{"className":56,"code":53795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53797,53798,53814,53832,53836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53799,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53801,8775],{"class":382},[63,53803,386],{"class":270},[63,53805,3216],{"class":73},[63,53807,674],{"class":82},[63,53809,102],{"class":73},[63,53811,105],{"class":82},[63,53813,3229],{"class":73},[63,53815,53816,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828,53830],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,53817,8814],{"class":382},[63,53819,307],{"class":73},[63,53821,13170],{"class":181},[63,53823,2583],{"class":73},[63,53825,715],{"class":82},[63,53827,102],{"class":73},[63,53829,2061],{"class":82},[63,53831,191],{"class":73},[63,53833,53834],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,53835,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,53837,53838,53840,53842,53844],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,53839,70],{"class":69},[63,53841,74],{"class":73},[63,53843,8814],{"class":181},[63,53845,397],{"class":73},[20,53847,110],{},[54,53849,53850],{"className":56,"code":52925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,53851,53852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53853,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53855,3497],{"class":73},[63,53857,674],{"class":82},[63,53859,102],{"class":73},[63,53861,105],{"class":82},[63,53863,102],{"class":73},[63,53865,3216],{"class":73},[63,53867,715],{"class":82},[63,53869,102],{"class":73},[63,53871,2061],{"class":82},[63,53873,52859],{"class":73},[1193,53875,53877],{"id":53876},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53879,53880,53882,53883,53886],{},[15,53881,52269],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53884,53885],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[49,53888,1517],{"id":1516},[30,53890,53891,53896,53900,53905,53909],{},[33,53892,53893],{},[303,53894,53895],{"href":52665},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,53897,53898],{},[303,53899,53177],{"href":52961},[33,53901,53902],{},[303,53903,53904],{"href":53525},"Python list insert() method",[33,53906,53907],{},[303,53908,52388],{"href":50595},[33,53910,53911],{},[303,53912,53914],{"href":53913},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1542,53916,53917],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":53919},[53920,53921,53922,53923,53924,53925,53931,53937,53938,53944],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":52348,"depth":89,"text":52349},{"id":5033,"depth":89,"text":5034},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":52669,"depth":89,"text":52670},{"id":52968,"depth":89,"text":52969,"children":53926},[53927,53929],{"id":52975,"depth":254,"text":53928},"Using append()",{"id":53060,"depth":254,"text":53930},"Using extend()",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":53932},[53933,53934,53935,53936],{"id":53182,"depth":254,"text":53183},{"id":53360,"depth":254,"text":53361},{"id":53421,"depth":254,"text":53422},{"id":53513,"depth":254,"text":53514},{"id":53633,"depth":89,"text":53634},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":53939},[53940,53941,53942,53943],{"id":53764,"depth":254,"text":53765},{"id":53775,"depth":254,"text":53776},{"id":53786,"depth":254,"text":53787},{"id":53876,"depth":254,"text":53877},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52259,"description":53945},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53952,"title":53953,"body":53954,"description":55198,"extension":1580,"meta":55199,"navigation":579,"path":55200,"seo":55201,"stem":55202,"__hash__":55203},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53955,"toc":55163},[53956,53962,53968,53974,53976,54024,54029,54034,54038,54054,54060,54062,54065,54080,54082,54093,54095,54097,54154,54156,54164,54166,54182,54188,54190,54196,54200,54284,54287,54336,54343,54351,54354,54368,54381,54387,54462,54469,54476,54550,54558,54561,54572,54581,54585,54589,54600,54602,54679,54700,54702,54712,54715,54763,54765,54786,54789,54791,54842,54848,54855,54922,54928,54934,54937,54964,54969,54975,54978,55050,55053,55064,55070,55072,55078,55081,55087,55093,55100,55108,55114,55120,55122,55160],[10,53957,53959,53960,10935],{"id":53958},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53961,10934],{},[20,53963,53964,53967],{},[15,53965,53966],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53969,53970,53971,53973],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[833,53972,10947],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[49,53975,3201],{"id":3200},[54,53977,53979],{"className":56,"code":53978,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53980,53981,54001,54011],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53982,53983,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53984,7386],{"class":382},[63,53986,386],{"class":270},[63,53988,3216],{"class":73},[63,53990,674],{"class":82},[63,53992,102],{"class":73},[63,53994,105],{"class":82},[63,53996,102],{"class":73},[63,53998,518],{"class":82},[63,54000,3229],{"class":73},[63,54002,54003,54005,54007,54009],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54004,7417],{"class":382},[63,54006,307],{"class":73},[63,54008,10996],{"class":181},[63,54010,8252],{"class":73},[63,54012,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54014,70],{"class":69},[63,54016,74],{"class":73},[63,54018,7417],{"class":181},[63,54020,3256],{"class":73},[63,54022,54023],{"class":1357},"  # []\n",[20,54025,128,54026,54028],{},[15,54027,10934],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[49,54030,138,54032,141],{"id":54031},"what-listclear-does",[15,54033,53966],{},[20,54035,54036,2482],{},[15,54037,53966],{},[30,54039,54040,54043,54046,54051],{},[33,54041,54042],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54044,54045],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54047,54048,54049],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54050,3382],{},[33,54052,54053],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54055,54056,54057,54059],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54058,10934],{},", but it contains no values.",[49,54061,164],{"id":163},[20,54063,54064],{},"Syntax:",[54,54066,54068],{"className":56,"code":54067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54069,54070],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54071,54072,54074,54076,54078],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54073,7948],{"class":382},[63,54075,307],{"class":73},[63,54077,10996],{"class":181},[63,54079,8252],{"class":73},[20,54081,11072],{},[30,54083,54084,54087,54090],{},[33,54085,54086],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54088,54089],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54091,54092],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[49,54094,11089],{"id":11088},[20,54096,11092],{},[54,54098,54100],{"className":56,"code":54099,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54101,54102,54126,54130,54140,54144],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54103,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118,54120,54122,54124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54105,3211],{"class":382},[63,54107,386],{"class":270},[63,54109,3216],{"class":73},[63,54111,1940],{"class":82},[63,54113,102],{"class":73},[63,54115,7397],{"class":82},[63,54117,102],{"class":73},[63,54119,7402],{"class":82},[63,54121,102],{"class":73},[63,54123,50459],{"class":82},[63,54125,3229],{"class":73},[63,54127,54128],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54129,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54131,54132,54134,54136,54138],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54133,3243],{"class":382},[63,54135,307],{"class":73},[63,54137,10996],{"class":181},[63,54139,8252],{"class":73},[63,54141,54142],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,54143,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54145,54146,54148,54150,54152],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,54147,70],{"class":69},[63,54149,74],{"class":73},[63,54151,3243],{"class":181},[63,54153,397],{"class":73},[20,54155,110],{},[54,54157,54158],{"className":56,"code":37923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,54159,54160],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54161,54162],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54163,37923],{"class":73},[20,54165,11298],{},[30,54167,54168,54173,54179],{},[33,54169,54170,54172],{},[15,54171,3243],{}," starts with four items",[33,54174,54175,54178],{},[15,54176,54177],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54180,54181],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54183,54184,54185,307],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[303,54186,52388],{"href":54187},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[49,54189,17037],{"id":17036},[20,54191,54192,2004,54194,307],{},[15,54193,10934],{},[15,54195,3373],{},[20,54197,970,54198,52284],{},[833,54199,973],{},[54,54201,54203],{"className":56,"code":54202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54204,54205,54237,54241,54255,54259,54272],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54206,54207,54209,54211,54213,54215,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231,54233,54235],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54208,7386],{"class":382},[63,54210,386],{"class":270},[63,54212,3216],{"class":73},[63,54214,2455],{"class":448},[63,54216,303],{"class":452},[63,54218,2455],{"class":448},[63,54220,102],{"class":73},[63,54222,1375],{"class":448},[63,54224,4362],{"class":452},[63,54226,2455],{"class":448},[63,54228,102],{"class":73},[63,54230,1375],{"class":448},[63,54232,9350],{"class":452},[63,54234,2455],{"class":448},[63,54236,3229],{"class":73},[63,54238,54239],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54240,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54242,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251,54253],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54244,383],{"class":382},[63,54246,386],{"class":270},[63,54248,5568],{"class":382},[63,54250,307],{"class":73},[63,54252,10996],{"class":181},[63,54254,8252],{"class":73},[63,54256,54257],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,54258,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54260,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,54262,70],{"class":69},[63,54264,74],{"class":73},[63,54266,7417],{"class":181},[63,54268,3256],{"class":73},[63,54270,54271],{"class":1357},"   # []\n",[63,54273,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,54275,70],{"class":69},[63,54277,74],{"class":73},[63,54279,406],{"class":181},[63,54281,3256],{"class":73},[63,54283,20495],{"class":1357},[20,54285,54286],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[54,54288,54290],{"className":56,"code":54289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54291,54292,54312,54326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54293,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306,54308,54310],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54295,7386],{"class":382},[63,54297,386],{"class":270},[63,54299,3216],{"class":73},[63,54301,674],{"class":82},[63,54303,102],{"class":73},[63,54305,105],{"class":82},[63,54307,102],{"class":73},[63,54309,518],{"class":82},[63,54311,3229],{"class":73},[63,54313,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54315,7386],{"class":382},[63,54317,386],{"class":270},[63,54319,5568],{"class":382},[63,54321,307],{"class":73},[63,54323,10996],{"class":181},[63,54325,8252],{"class":73},[63,54327,54328,54330,54332,54334],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54329,70],{"class":69},[63,54331,74],{"class":73},[63,54333,7417],{"class":181},[63,54335,397],{"class":73},[20,54337,11531,54338,41772,54340,54342],{},[15,54339,7417],{},[15,54341,3373],{},", not an empty list.",[49,54344,54346,54348,54349],{"id":54345},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54347,10934],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54350,3382],{},[20,54352,54353],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[54,54355,54356],{"className":56,"code":54067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,54357,54358],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54359,54360,54362,54364,54366],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54361,7948],{"class":382},[63,54363,307],{"class":73},[63,54365,10996],{"class":181},[63,54367,8252],{"class":73},[54,54369,54371],{"className":56,"code":54370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n",[15,54372,54373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54374,54375,54377,54379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54376,7917],{"class":382},[63,54378,386],{"class":270},[63,54380,7446],{"class":73},[1193,54382,54384,54386],{"id":54383},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54385,10934],{}," empties the same list object",[54,54388,54390],{"className":56,"code":54389,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54391,54392,54412,54420,54424,54434,54438,54450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54393,54394,54396,54398,54400,54402,54404,54406,54408,54410],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54395,2157],{"class":382},[63,54397,386],{"class":270},[63,54399,3216],{"class":73},[63,54401,674],{"class":82},[63,54403,102],{"class":73},[63,54405,105],{"class":82},[63,54407,102],{"class":73},[63,54409,518],{"class":82},[63,54411,3229],{"class":73},[63,54413,54414,54416,54418],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54415,2185],{"class":382},[63,54417,386],{"class":270},[63,54419,35799],{"class":382},[63,54421,54422],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54423,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54425,54426,54428,54430,54432],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,54427,303],{"class":382},[63,54429,307],{"class":73},[63,54431,10996],{"class":181},[63,54433,8252],{"class":73},[63,54435,54436],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,54437,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54439,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,54441,70],{"class":69},[63,54443,74],{"class":73},[63,54445,303],{"class":181},[63,54447,3256],{"class":73},[63,54449,54023],{"class":1357},[63,54451,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,54453,70],{"class":69},[63,54455,74],{"class":73},[63,54457,4362],{"class":181},[63,54459,3256],{"class":73},[63,54461,54023],{"class":1357},[20,54463,10202,54464,3993,54466,54468],{},[15,54465,303],{},[15,54467,4362],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1193,54470,54472,54475],{"id":54471},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54473,54474],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[54,54477,54479],{"className":56,"code":54478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54480,54481,54501,54509,54513,54521,54525,54537],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54482,54483,54485,54487,54489,54491,54493,54495,54497,54499],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54484,2157],{"class":382},[63,54486,386],{"class":270},[63,54488,3216],{"class":73},[63,54490,674],{"class":82},[63,54492,102],{"class":73},[63,54494,105],{"class":82},[63,54496,102],{"class":73},[63,54498,518],{"class":82},[63,54500,3229],{"class":73},[63,54502,54503,54505,54507],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54504,2185],{"class":382},[63,54506,386],{"class":270},[63,54508,35799],{"class":382},[63,54510,54511],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54512,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54514,54515,54517,54519],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,54516,2157],{"class":382},[63,54518,386],{"class":270},[63,54520,7446],{"class":73},[63,54522,54523],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,54524,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54526,54527,54529,54531,54533,54535],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,54528,70],{"class":69},[63,54530,74],{"class":73},[63,54532,303],{"class":181},[63,54534,3256],{"class":73},[63,54536,54023],{"class":1357},[63,54538,54539,54541,54543,54545,54547],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,54540,70],{"class":69},[63,54542,74],{"class":73},[63,54544,4362],{"class":181},[63,54546,3256],{"class":73},[63,54548,54549],{"class":1357},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54551,20390,54552,54554,54555,54557],{},[15,54553,303],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54556,4362],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54559,54560],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,54562,54563,54566,54569],{},[33,54564,54565],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,54567,54568],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,54570,54571],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54573,54574,54575,307],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[303,54576,54578,54579,10352],{"href":54577},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54580,12392],{},[49,54582,1114,54583],{"id":12053},[15,54584,10934],{},[20,54586,128,54587,1121],{},[15,54588,10934],{},[30,54590,54591,54594,54597],{},[33,54592,54593],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,54595,54596],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,54598,54599],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54601,1820],{},[54,54603,54605],{"className":56,"code":54604,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54606,54607,54643,54647,54652,54663,54667],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54608,54609,54612,54614,54616,54618,54621,54623,54625,54627,54630,54632,54634,54636,54639,54641],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54610,54611],{"class":382},"shopping_cart ",[63,54613,386],{"class":270},[63,54615,3216],{"class":73},[63,54617,2455],{"class":448},[63,54619,54620],{"class":452},"milk",[63,54622,2455],{"class":448},[63,54624,102],{"class":73},[63,54626,1375],{"class":448},[63,54628,54629],{"class":452},"bread",[63,54631,2455],{"class":448},[63,54633,102],{"class":73},[63,54635,1375],{"class":448},[63,54637,54638],{"class":452},"eggs",[63,54640,2455],{"class":448},[63,54642,3229],{"class":73},[63,54644,54645],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54646,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54648,54649],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54650,54651],{"class":1357},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[63,54653,54654,54657,54659,54661],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,54655,54656],{"class":382},"shopping_cart",[63,54658,307],{"class":73},[63,54660,10996],{"class":181},[63,54662,8252],{"class":73},[63,54664,54665],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,54666,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54668,54669,54671,54673,54675,54677],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,54670,70],{"class":69},[63,54672,74],{"class":73},[63,54674,54656],{"class":181},[63,54676,3256],{"class":73},[63,54678,54023],{"class":1357},[20,54680,54681,54682,54686,54687,54693,54694,307],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[303,54683,54685],{"href":54684},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[303,54688,54690,10352],{"href":54689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54691,54692],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[303,54695,54697,10352],{"href":54696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54698,54699],{},"list.pop()",[49,54701,4119],{"id":4118},[1193,54703,54705,54706,10704,54709],{"id":54704},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54707,54708],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54710,54711],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54713,54714],{},"This does not call the method.",[54,54716,54718],{"className":56,"code":54717,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54719,54720,54740,54744,54753],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54721,54722,54724,54726,54728,54730,54732,54734,54736,54738],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54723,7386],{"class":382},[63,54725,386],{"class":270},[63,54727,3216],{"class":73},[63,54729,674],{"class":82},[63,54731,102],{"class":73},[63,54733,105],{"class":82},[63,54735,102],{"class":73},[63,54737,518],{"class":82},[63,54739,3229],{"class":73},[63,54741,54742],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54743,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54745,54746,54748,54750],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54747,7417],{"class":382},[63,54749,307],{"class":73},[63,54751,54752],{"class":24370},"clear\n",[63,54754,54755,54757,54759,54761],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,54756,70],{"class":69},[63,54758,74],{"class":73},[63,54760,7417],{"class":181},[63,54762,397],{"class":73},[20,54764,110],{},[54,54766,54768],{"className":56,"code":54767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54769,54770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54771,54772,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54773,3497],{"class":73},[63,54775,674],{"class":82},[63,54777,102],{"class":73},[63,54779,105],{"class":82},[63,54781,102],{"class":73},[63,54783,518],{"class":82},[63,54785,3229],{"class":73},[20,54787,54788],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54790,10419],{},[54,54792,54794],{"className":56,"code":54793,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54795,54796,54816,54820,54830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54797,54798,54800,54802,54804,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54799,7386],{"class":382},[63,54801,386],{"class":270},[63,54803,3216],{"class":73},[63,54805,674],{"class":82},[63,54807,102],{"class":73},[63,54809,105],{"class":82},[63,54811,102],{"class":73},[63,54813,518],{"class":82},[63,54815,3229],{"class":73},[63,54817,54818],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54819,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54821,54822,54824,54826,54828],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54823,7417],{"class":382},[63,54825,307],{"class":73},[63,54827,10996],{"class":181},[63,54829,8252],{"class":73},[63,54831,54832,54834,54836,54838,54840],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,54833,70],{"class":69},[63,54835,74],{"class":73},[63,54837,7417],{"class":181},[63,54839,3256],{"class":73},[63,54841,54023],{"class":1357},[1193,54843,1196,54845,54847],{"id":54844},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54846,10934],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54849,54850,2004,54852,54854],{},[15,54851,10934],{},[15,54853,3373],{},", not the list.",[54,54856,54858],{"className":56,"code":54857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54859,54860,54880,54894,54898,54910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54861,54862,54864,54866,54868,54870,54872,54874,54876,54878],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54863,7386],{"class":382},[63,54865,386],{"class":270},[63,54867,3216],{"class":73},[63,54869,674],{"class":82},[63,54871,102],{"class":73},[63,54873,105],{"class":82},[63,54875,102],{"class":73},[63,54877,518],{"class":82},[63,54879,3229],{"class":73},[63,54881,54882,54884,54886,54888,54890,54892],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54883,383],{"class":382},[63,54885,386],{"class":270},[63,54887,5568],{"class":382},[63,54889,307],{"class":73},[63,54891,10996],{"class":181},[63,54893,8252],{"class":73},[63,54895,54896],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,54897,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,54899,54900,54902,54904,54906,54908],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,54901,70],{"class":69},[63,54903,74],{"class":73},[63,54905,406],{"class":181},[63,54907,3256],{"class":73},[63,54909,20495],{"class":1357},[63,54911,54912,54914,54916,54918,54920],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,54913,70],{"class":69},[63,54915,74],{"class":73},[63,54917,7417],{"class":181},[63,54919,3256],{"class":73},[63,54921,54271],{"class":1357},[1193,54923,311,54925,54927],{"id":54924},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54926,10934],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54929,54930,54931,54933],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54932,10934],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54935,54936],{},"This will fail:",[54,54938,54940],{"className":56,"code":54939,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54941,54942,54954],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54943,54944,54946,54948,54950,54952],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54945,1370],{"class":382},[63,54947,386],{"class":270},[63,54949,1375],{"class":448},[63,54951,3441],{"class":452},[63,54953,1381],{"class":448},[63,54955,54956,54958,54960,54962],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54957,1396],{"class":382},[63,54959,307],{"class":73},[63,54961,10996],{"class":181},[63,54963,8252],{"class":73},[20,54965,54966,54967,33223],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54968,10934],{},[20,54970,54971,54972,54974],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54973,3373],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54976,54977],{},"Useful checks:",[54,54979,54981],{"className":56,"code":54980,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54982,54983,54993,55007,55021,55030,55040],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54984,54985,54987,54989,54991],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54986,70],{"class":69},[63,54988,74],{"class":73},[63,54990,7948],{"class":181},[63,54992,397],{"class":73},[63,54994,54995,54997,54999,55001,55003,55005],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,54996,70],{"class":69},[63,54998,74],{"class":73},[63,55000,418],{"class":417},[63,55002,74],{"class":73},[63,55004,7948],{"class":181},[63,55006,86],{"class":73},[63,55008,55009,55011,55013,55015,55017,55019],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,55010,70],{"class":69},[63,55012,74],{"class":73},[63,55014,12265],{"class":69},[63,55016,74],{"class":73},[63,55018,7948],{"class":181},[63,55020,86],{"class":73},[63,55022,55023,55025,55027],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,55024,43166],{"class":382},[63,55026,386],{"class":270},[63,55028,55029],{"class":382}," my_list\n",[63,55031,55032,55034,55036,55038],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,55033,7948],{"class":382},[63,55035,307],{"class":73},[63,55037,10996],{"class":181},[63,55039,8252],{"class":73},[63,55041,55042,55044,55046,55048],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,55043,70],{"class":69},[63,55045,74],{"class":73},[63,55047,30364],{"class":181},[63,55049,397],{"class":73},[20,55051,55052],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55054,55055,55058,55061],{},[33,55056,55057],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55059,55060],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55062,55063],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55065,55066,55067,307],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[303,55068,55069],{"href":53913},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[49,55071,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,55073,1459,55075,55077],{"id":55074},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55076,53966],{}," delete the list?",[20,55079,55080],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1193,55082,1459,55084,55086],{"id":55083},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55085,53966],{}," return a new list?",[20,55088,55089,55090,55092],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55091,3373],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1193,55094,4781,55096,3993,55098,1506],{"id":55095},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55097,10934],{},[15,55099,54474],{},[20,55101,55102,55104,55105,55107],{},[15,55103,10934],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55106,54474],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1193,55109,1499,55111,55113],{"id":55110},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55112,10934],{}," on other types?",[20,55115,55116,55117,55119],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55118,10934],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[49,55121,1517],{"id":1516},[30,55123,55124,55128,55133,55140,55147,55153],{},[33,55125,55126],{},[303,55127,52388],{"href":54187},[33,55129,55130],{},[303,55131,55132],{"href":54684},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55134,55135],{},[303,55136,55137,55138,10352],{"href":54696},"Python list ",[15,55139,12378],{},[33,55141,55142],{},[303,55143,55137,55144,10352],{"href":54689},[15,55145,55146],{},"remove()",[33,55148,55149],{},[303,55150,55137,55151,10352],{"href":54577},[15,55152,12392],{},[33,55154,55155],{},[303,55156,29968,55157,33256],{"href":53913},[15,55158,55159],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1542,55161,55162],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":55164},[55165,55166,55168,55169,55170,55171,55178,55179,55187,55197],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":54031,"depth":89,"text":55167},"What list.clear() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":54345,"depth":89,"text":55172,"children":55173},"clear() vs assigning []",[55174,55176],{"id":54383,"depth":254,"text":55175},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54471,"depth":254,"text":55177},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12053,"depth":89,"text":12424},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":55180},[55181,55183,55185],{"id":54704,"depth":254,"text":55182},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54844,"depth":254,"text":55184},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54924,"depth":254,"text":55186},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":55188},[55189,55191,55193,55195],{"id":55074,"depth":254,"text":55190},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55083,"depth":254,"text":55192},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55095,"depth":254,"text":55194},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55110,"depth":254,"text":55196},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53953,"description":55198},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55205,"title":55206,"body":55207,"description":56892,"extension":1580,"meta":56893,"navigation":579,"path":56894,"seo":56895,"stem":56896,"__hash__":56897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55208,"toc":56860},[55209,55214,55220,55228,55230,55319,55326,55331,55335,55349,55351,55428,55430,55491,55494,55496,55498,55519,55522,55536,55539,55584,55586,55594,55597,55603,55609,55612,55689,55691,55736,55739,55744,55827,55829,55870,55875,55879,55885,55887,55895,55898,55991,55993,56051,56054,56070,56075,56085,56090,56092,56097,56102,56105,56107,56164,56167,56220,56226,56231,56235,56252,56254,56338,56340,56381,56389,56391,56396,56402,56404,56467,56472,56542,56546,56581,56584,56586,56625,56629,56705,56711,56717,56722,56744,56747,56766,56774,56776,56782,56785,56792,56800,56805,56808,56812,56818,56826,56829,56831,56857],[10,55210,53959,55212,10935],{"id":55211},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55213,12392],{},[20,55215,55216,55219],{},[15,55217,55218],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55221,55222,55223,13671,55225,55227],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55224,386],{},[833,55226,973],{}," make a real copy.",[49,55229,52],{"id":51},[54,55231,55233],{"className":56,"code":55232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55234,55235,55255,55270,55274,55289,55293,55306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55236,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247,55249,55251,55253],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55238,3211],{"class":382},[63,55240,386],{"class":270},[63,55242,3216],{"class":73},[63,55244,674],{"class":82},[63,55246,102],{"class":73},[63,55248,105],{"class":82},[63,55250,102],{"class":73},[63,55252,518],{"class":82},[63,55254,3229],{"class":73},[63,55256,55257,55260,55262,55264,55266,55268],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55258,55259],{"class":382},"new_numbers ",[63,55261,386],{"class":270},[63,55263,3862],{"class":382},[63,55265,307],{"class":73},[63,55267,12527],{"class":181},[63,55269,8252],{"class":73},[63,55271,55272],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,55273,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55275,55276,55279,55281,55283,55285,55287],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,55277,55278],{"class":382},"new_numbers",[63,55280,307],{"class":73},[63,55282,13170],{"class":181},[63,55284,74],{"class":73},[63,55286,952],{"class":82},[63,55288,397],{"class":73},[63,55290,55291],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,55292,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55294,55295,55297,55299,55301,55303],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,55296,70],{"class":69},[63,55298,74],{"class":73},[63,55300,3243],{"class":181},[63,55302,3256],{"class":73},[63,55304,55305],{"class":1357},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[63,55307,55308,55310,55312,55314,55316],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,55309,70],{"class":69},[63,55311,74],{"class":73},[63,55313,55278],{"class":181},[63,55315,3256],{"class":73},[63,55317,55318],{"class":1357},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55320,128,55321,55323,55324,307],{},[15,55322,55218],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[833,55325,12466],{},[49,55327,138,55329,141],{"id":55328},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55330,55218],{},[20,55332,55333,2482],{},[15,55334,55218],{},[30,55336,55337,55340,55343,55346],{},[33,55338,55339],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55341,55342],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55344,55345],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55347,55348],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55350,1820],{},[54,55352,55354],{"className":56,"code":55353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55355,55356,55388,55403,55407,55417],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55357,55358,55360,55362,55364,55366,55368,55370,55372,55374,55376,55378,55380,55382,55384,55386],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55359,35863],{"class":382},[63,55361,386],{"class":270},[63,55363,3216],{"class":73},[63,55365,2455],{"class":448},[63,55367,3677],{"class":452},[63,55369,2455],{"class":448},[63,55371,102],{"class":73},[63,55373,1375],{"class":448},[63,55375,3686],{"class":452},[63,55377,2455],{"class":448},[63,55379,102],{"class":73},[63,55381,1375],{"class":448},[63,55383,32843],{"class":452},[63,55385,2455],{"class":448},[63,55387,3229],{"class":73},[63,55389,55390,55393,55395,55397,55399,55401],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55391,55392],{"class":382},"copied_fruits ",[63,55394,386],{"class":270},[63,55396,52468],{"class":382},[63,55398,307],{"class":73},[63,55400,12527],{"class":181},[63,55402,8252],{"class":73},[63,55404,55405],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,55406,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55408,55409,55411,55413,55415],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,55410,70],{"class":69},[63,55412,74],{"class":73},[63,55414,35915],{"class":181},[63,55416,397],{"class":73},[63,55418,55419,55421,55423,55426],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,55420,70],{"class":69},[63,55422,74],{"class":73},[63,55424,55425],{"class":181},"copied_fruits",[63,55427,397],{"class":73},[20,55429,110],{},[54,55431,55433],{"className":56,"code":55432,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55434,55435,55463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55436,55437,55439,55441,55443,55445,55447,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459,55461],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55438,3497],{"class":73},[63,55440,456],{"class":448},[63,55442,3677],{"class":452},[63,55444,456],{"class":448},[63,55446,102],{"class":73},[63,55448,449],{"class":448},[63,55450,3686],{"class":452},[63,55452,456],{"class":448},[63,55454,102],{"class":73},[63,55456,449],{"class":448},[63,55458,32843],{"class":452},[63,55460,456],{"class":448},[63,55462,3229],{"class":73},[63,55464,55465,55467,55469,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483,55485,55487,55489],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55466,3497],{"class":73},[63,55468,456],{"class":448},[63,55470,3677],{"class":452},[63,55472,456],{"class":448},[63,55474,102],{"class":73},[63,55476,449],{"class":448},[63,55478,3686],{"class":452},[63,55480,456],{"class":448},[63,55482,102],{"class":73},[63,55484,449],{"class":448},[63,55486,32843],{"class":452},[63,55488,456],{"class":448},[63,55490,3229],{"class":73},[20,55492,55493],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[49,55495,164],{"id":163},[20,55497,167],{},[54,55499,55501],{"className":56,"code":55500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55502,55503],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55504,55505,55508,55510,55513,55515,55517],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55506,55507],{"class":382},"new_list ",[63,55509,386],{"class":270},[63,55511,55512],{"class":382}," old_list",[63,55514,307],{"class":73},[63,55516,12527],{"class":181},[63,55518,8252],{"class":73},[20,55520,55521],{},"How it works:",[30,55523,55524,55530,55533],{},[33,55525,55526,55527,55529],{},"Call ",[15,55528,12392],{}," on an existing list",[33,55531,55532],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55534,55535],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55537,55538],{},"Example with an empty list:",[54,55540,55542],{"className":56,"code":55541,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55543,55544,55553,55569,55573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55545,55546,55549,55551],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55547,55548],{"class":382},"empty_list ",[63,55550,386],{"class":270},[63,55552,7446],{"class":73},[63,55554,55555,55558,55560,55563,55565,55567],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55556,55557],{"class":382},"new_empty_list ",[63,55559,386],{"class":270},[63,55561,55562],{"class":382}," empty_list",[63,55564,307],{"class":73},[63,55566,12527],{"class":181},[63,55568,8252],{"class":73},[63,55570,55571],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,55572,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55574,55575,55577,55579,55582],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,55576,70],{"class":69},[63,55578,74],{"class":73},[63,55580,55581],{"class":181},"new_empty_list",[63,55583,397],{"class":73},[20,55585,110],{},[54,55587,55588],{"className":56,"code":37923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,55589,55590],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55591,55592],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55593,37923],{"class":73},[20,55595,55596],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[49,55598,55600,55601],{"id":55599},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55602,386],{},[20,55604,311,55605,13671,55607,52284],{},[15,55606,386],{},[833,55608,973],{},[20,55610,55611],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[54,55613,55615],{"className":56,"code":55614,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55616,55617,55637,55646,55650,55665,55669,55679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55618,55619,55621,55623,55625,55627,55629,55631,55633,55635],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55620,3211],{"class":382},[63,55622,386],{"class":270},[63,55624,3216],{"class":73},[63,55626,674],{"class":82},[63,55628,102],{"class":73},[63,55630,105],{"class":82},[63,55632,102],{"class":73},[63,55634,518],{"class":82},[63,55636,3229],{"class":73},[63,55638,55639,55642,55644],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55640,55641],{"class":382},"same_list ",[63,55643,386],{"class":270},[63,55645,43599],{"class":382},[63,55647,55648],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,55649,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55651,55652,55655,55657,55659,55661,55663],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,55653,55654],{"class":382},"same_list",[63,55656,307],{"class":73},[63,55658,13170],{"class":181},[63,55660,74],{"class":73},[63,55662,952],{"class":82},[63,55664,397],{"class":73},[63,55666,55667],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,55668,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55670,55671,55673,55675,55677],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,55672,70],{"class":69},[63,55674,74],{"class":73},[63,55676,3243],{"class":181},[63,55678,397],{"class":73},[63,55680,55681,55683,55685,55687],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,55682,70],{"class":69},[63,55684,74],{"class":73},[63,55686,55654],{"class":181},[63,55688,397],{"class":73},[20,55690,110],{},[54,55692,55694],{"className":56,"code":55693,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55695,55696,55716],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55697,55698,55700,55702,55704,55706,55708,55710,55712,55714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55699,3497],{"class":73},[63,55701,674],{"class":82},[63,55703,102],{"class":73},[63,55705,105],{"class":82},[63,55707,102],{"class":73},[63,55709,518],{"class":82},[63,55711,102],{"class":73},[63,55713,2061],{"class":82},[63,55715,3229],{"class":73},[63,55717,55718,55720,55722,55724,55726,55728,55730,55732,55734],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55719,3497],{"class":73},[63,55721,674],{"class":82},[63,55723,102],{"class":73},[63,55725,105],{"class":82},[63,55727,102],{"class":73},[63,55729,518],{"class":82},[63,55731,102],{"class":73},[63,55733,2061],{"class":82},[63,55735,3229],{"class":73},[20,55737,55738],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55740,55741,55742,2482],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55743,12392],{},[54,55745,55747],{"className":56,"code":55746,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55748,55749,55769,55784,55788,55803,55807,55817],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55750,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55752,3211],{"class":382},[63,55754,386],{"class":270},[63,55756,3216],{"class":73},[63,55758,674],{"class":82},[63,55760,102],{"class":73},[63,55762,105],{"class":82},[63,55764,102],{"class":73},[63,55766,518],{"class":82},[63,55768,3229],{"class":73},[63,55770,55771,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55772,55773],{"class":382},"copied_numbers ",[63,55775,386],{"class":270},[63,55777,3862],{"class":382},[63,55779,307],{"class":73},[63,55781,12527],{"class":181},[63,55783,8252],{"class":73},[63,55785,55786],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,55787,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55789,55790,55793,55795,55797,55799,55801],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,55791,55792],{"class":382},"copied_numbers",[63,55794,307],{"class":73},[63,55796,13170],{"class":181},[63,55798,74],{"class":73},[63,55800,952],{"class":82},[63,55802,397],{"class":73},[63,55804,55805],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,55806,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55808,55809,55811,55813,55815],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,55810,70],{"class":69},[63,55812,74],{"class":73},[63,55814,3243],{"class":181},[63,55816,397],{"class":73},[63,55818,55819,55821,55823,55825],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,55820,70],{"class":69},[63,55822,74],{"class":73},[63,55824,55792],{"class":181},[63,55826,397],{"class":73},[20,55828,110],{},[54,55830,55832],{"className":56,"code":55831,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55833,55834,55850],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55835,55836,55838,55840,55842,55844,55846,55848],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55837,3497],{"class":73},[63,55839,674],{"class":82},[63,55841,102],{"class":73},[63,55843,105],{"class":82},[63,55845,102],{"class":73},[63,55847,518],{"class":82},[63,55849,3229],{"class":73},[63,55851,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55853,3497],{"class":73},[63,55855,674],{"class":82},[63,55857,102],{"class":73},[63,55859,105],{"class":82},[63,55861,102],{"class":73},[63,55863,518],{"class":82},[63,55865,102],{"class":73},[63,55867,2061],{"class":82},[63,55869,3229],{"class":73},[20,55871,55872,55873,307],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[303,55874,52388],{"href":50595},[49,55876,55878],{"id":55877},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55880,55881,12463,55883,307],{},[15,55882,55218],{},[833,55884,12466],{},[20,55886,1721],{},[30,55888,55889,55892],{},[33,55890,55891],{},"The outer list is new",[33,55893,55894],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55896,55897],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[54,55899,55901],{"className":56,"code":55900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55902,55903,55930,55944,55948,55967,55971,55981],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55904,55905,55907,55909,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55906,11701],{"class":382},[63,55908,386],{"class":270},[63,55910,55911],{"class":73}," [[",[63,55913,674],{"class":82},[63,55915,102],{"class":73},[63,55917,105],{"class":82},[63,55919,17681],{"class":73},[63,55921,3216],{"class":73},[63,55923,715],{"class":82},[63,55925,102],{"class":73},[63,55927,2061],{"class":82},[63,55929,52859],{"class":73},[63,55931,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,55933,13929],{"class":382},[63,55935,386],{"class":270},[63,55937,11776],{"class":382},[63,55939,307],{"class":73},[63,55941,12527],{"class":181},[63,55943,8252],{"class":73},[63,55945,55946],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,55947,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55949,55950,55952,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962,55965],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,55951,13948],{"class":382},[63,55953,3497],{"class":73},[63,55955,1734],{"class":82},[63,55957,13167],{"class":73},[63,55959,13170],{"class":181},[63,55961,74],{"class":73},[63,55963,55964],{"class":82},"99",[63,55966,397],{"class":73},[63,55968,55969],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,55970,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,55972,55973,55975,55977,55979],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,55974,70],{"class":69},[63,55976,74],{"class":73},[63,55978,11748],{"class":181},[63,55980,397],{"class":73},[63,55982,55983,55985,55987,55989],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,55984,70],{"class":69},[63,55986,74],{"class":73},[63,55988,13948],{"class":181},[63,55990,397],{"class":73},[20,55992,110],{},[54,55994,55996],{"className":56,"code":55995,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55997,55998,56025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55999,56000,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56001,56002],{"class":73},"[[",[63,56004,674],{"class":82},[63,56006,102],{"class":73},[63,56008,105],{"class":82},[63,56010,102],{"class":73},[63,56012,9808],{"class":82},[63,56014,17681],{"class":73},[63,56016,3216],{"class":73},[63,56018,715],{"class":82},[63,56020,102],{"class":73},[63,56022,2061],{"class":82},[63,56024,52859],{"class":73},[63,56026,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043,56045,56047,56049],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56028,56002],{"class":73},[63,56030,674],{"class":82},[63,56032,102],{"class":73},[63,56034,105],{"class":82},[63,56036,102],{"class":73},[63,56038,9808],{"class":82},[63,56040,17681],{"class":73},[63,56042,3216],{"class":73},[63,56044,715],{"class":82},[63,56046,102],{"class":73},[63,56048,2061],{"class":82},[63,56050,52859],{"class":73},[20,56052,56053],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56055,56056,56063],{},[33,56057,56058,3993,56060,56062],{},[15,56059,11748],{},[15,56061,13948],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56064,56065,56066,56069],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56067,56068],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56071,53270,56072,56074],{},[15,56073,12392],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56076,56077,56080,56083],{},[33,56078,56079],{},"Numbers",[33,56081,56082],{},"Strings",[33,56084,40217],{},[20,56086,56087,56088,307],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[303,56089,13408],{"href":13407},[49,56091,17037],{"id":17036},[20,56093,56094,56096],{},[15,56095,55218],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56098,970,56099,56101],{},[833,56100,973],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56103,56104],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56106,16274],{},[54,56108,56110],{"className":56,"code":56109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56111,56112,56136,56150,56154],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56113,56114,56116,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56115,12692],{"class":382},[63,56117,386],{"class":270},[63,56119,3216],{"class":73},[63,56121,2455],{"class":448},[63,56123,12709],{"class":452},[63,56125,2455],{"class":448},[63,56127,102],{"class":73},[63,56129,1375],{"class":448},[63,56131,12726],{"class":452},[63,56133,2455],{"class":448},[63,56135,3229],{"class":73},[63,56137,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56139,12735],{"class":382},[63,56141,386],{"class":270},[63,56143,12740],{"class":382},[63,56145,307],{"class":73},[63,56147,12527],{"class":181},[63,56149,8252],{"class":73},[63,56151,56152],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,56153,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,56155,56156,56158,56160,56162],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,56157,70],{"class":69},[63,56159,74],{"class":73},[63,56161,12759],{"class":181},[63,56163,397],{"class":73},[20,56165,56166],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[54,56168,56170],{"className":56,"code":56169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56171,56172,56196,56206,56210],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56173,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56175,12692],{"class":382},[63,56177,386],{"class":270},[63,56179,3216],{"class":73},[63,56181,2455],{"class":448},[63,56183,12709],{"class":452},[63,56185,2455],{"class":448},[63,56187,102],{"class":73},[63,56189,1375],{"class":448},[63,56191,12726],{"class":452},[63,56193,2455],{"class":448},[63,56195,3229],{"class":73},[63,56197,56198,56200,56202,56204],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56199,17121],{"class":382},[63,56201,307],{"class":73},[63,56203,12527],{"class":181},[63,56205,8252],{"class":73},[63,56207,56208],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,56209,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,56211,56212,56214,56216,56218],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,56213,70],{"class":69},[63,56215,74],{"class":73},[63,56217,17121],{"class":181},[63,56219,397],{"class":73},[20,56221,56222,56223,56225],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56224,12392],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[49,56227,1114,56229],{"id":56228},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56230,55218],{},[20,56232,128,56233,10213],{},[15,56234,55218],{},[30,56236,56237,56240,56243,56246],{},[33,56238,56239],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56241,56242],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56244,56245],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56247,56248,56249],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56250,56251],{},"[:]",[20,56253,1820],{},[54,56255,56257],{"className":56,"code":56256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56258,56259,56279,56294,56298,56313,56317,56327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56260,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56262,4665],{"class":382},[63,56264,386],{"class":270},[63,56266,3216],{"class":73},[63,56268,1940],{"class":82},[63,56270,102],{"class":73},[63,56272,7397],{"class":82},[63,56274,102],{"class":73},[63,56276,7402],{"class":82},[63,56278,3229],{"class":73},[63,56280,56281,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56282,56283],{"class":382},"backup_scores ",[63,56285,386],{"class":270},[63,56287,4712],{"class":382},[63,56289,307],{"class":73},[63,56291,12527],{"class":181},[63,56293,8252],{"class":73},[63,56295,56296],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,56297,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,56299,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56311],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,56301,16008],{"class":382},[63,56303,307],{"class":73},[63,56305,13170],{"class":181},[63,56307,74],{"class":73},[63,56309,56310],{"class":82},"40",[63,56312,397],{"class":73},[63,56314,56315],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,56316,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,56320,70],{"class":69},[63,56322,74],{"class":73},[63,56324,16008],{"class":181},[63,56326,397],{"class":73},[63,56328,56329,56331,56333,56336],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,56330,70],{"class":69},[63,56332,74],{"class":73},[63,56334,56335],{"class":181},"backup_scores",[63,56337,397],{"class":73},[20,56339,110],{},[54,56341,56343],{"className":56,"code":56342,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56344,56345,56365],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56346,56347,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359,56361,56363],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56348,3497],{"class":73},[63,56350,1940],{"class":82},[63,56352,102],{"class":73},[63,56354,7397],{"class":82},[63,56356,102],{"class":73},[63,56358,7402],{"class":82},[63,56360,102],{"class":73},[63,56362,50459],{"class":82},[63,56364,3229],{"class":73},[63,56366,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56368,3497],{"class":73},[63,56370,1940],{"class":82},[63,56372,102],{"class":73},[63,56374,7397],{"class":82},[63,56376,102],{"class":73},[63,56378,7402],{"class":82},[63,56380,3229],{"class":73},[20,56382,56383,56384,307],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[303,56385,55137,56387,10352],{"href":56386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56388,52269],{},[49,56390,4119],{"id":4118},[20,56392,56393,56394,307],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56395,55218],{},[1193,56397,311,56399,56401],{"id":56398},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56400,386],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56403,38825],{},[54,56405,56407],{"className":56,"code":56406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56408,56409,56429,56437,56451,56455],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56410,56411,56413,56415,56417,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56412,2157],{"class":382},[63,56414,386],{"class":270},[63,56416,3216],{"class":73},[63,56418,674],{"class":82},[63,56420,102],{"class":73},[63,56422,105],{"class":82},[63,56424,102],{"class":73},[63,56426,518],{"class":82},[63,56428,3229],{"class":73},[63,56430,56431,56433,56435],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56432,2185],{"class":382},[63,56434,386],{"class":270},[63,56436,35799],{"class":382},[63,56438,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,56440,4362],{"class":382},[63,56442,307],{"class":73},[63,56444,13170],{"class":181},[63,56446,74],{"class":73},[63,56448,952],{"class":82},[63,56450,397],{"class":73},[63,56452,56453],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,56454,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,56456,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,56458,70],{"class":69},[63,56460,74],{"class":73},[63,56462,303],{"class":181},[63,56464,3256],{"class":73},[63,56466,55318],{"class":1357},[20,56468,56469,56470,6235],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56471,12392],{},[54,56473,56475],{"className":56,"code":56474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56476,56477,56497,56512,56526,56530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56478,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56480,2157],{"class":382},[63,56482,386],{"class":270},[63,56484,3216],{"class":73},[63,56486,674],{"class":82},[63,56488,102],{"class":73},[63,56490,105],{"class":82},[63,56492,102],{"class":73},[63,56494,518],{"class":82},[63,56496,3229],{"class":73},[63,56498,56499,56501,56503,56506,56508,56510],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56500,2185],{"class":382},[63,56502,386],{"class":270},[63,56504,56505],{"class":382}," a",[63,56507,307],{"class":73},[63,56509,12527],{"class":181},[63,56511,8252],{"class":73},[63,56513,56514,56516,56518,56520,56522,56524],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,56515,4362],{"class":382},[63,56517,307],{"class":73},[63,56519,13170],{"class":181},[63,56521,74],{"class":73},[63,56523,952],{"class":82},[63,56525,397],{"class":73},[63,56527,56528],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,56529,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,56531,56532,56534,56536,56538,56540],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,56533,70],{"class":69},[63,56535,74],{"class":73},[63,56537,303],{"class":181},[63,56539,3256],{"class":73},[63,56541,54549],{"class":1357},[1193,56543,56545],{"id":56544},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[54,56547,56549],{"className":56,"code":56548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56550,56551,56571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56552,56553,56555,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56554,3211],{"class":382},[63,56556,386],{"class":270},[63,56558,3216],{"class":73},[63,56560,674],{"class":82},[63,56562,102],{"class":73},[63,56564,105],{"class":82},[63,56566,102],{"class":73},[63,56568,518],{"class":82},[63,56570,3229],{"class":73},[63,56572,56573,56575,56577,56579],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56574,3243],{"class":382},[63,56576,307],{"class":73},[63,56578,12527],{"class":181},[63,56580,8252],{"class":73},[20,56582,56583],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56585,38888],{},[54,56587,56589],{"className":56,"code":56588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56590,56591,56611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56592,56593,56595,56597,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56594,3211],{"class":382},[63,56596,386],{"class":270},[63,56598,3216],{"class":73},[63,56600,674],{"class":82},[63,56602,102],{"class":73},[63,56604,105],{"class":82},[63,56606,102],{"class":73},[63,56608,518],{"class":82},[63,56610,3229],{"class":73},[63,56612,56613,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56614,55773],{"class":382},[63,56616,386],{"class":270},[63,56618,3862],{"class":382},[63,56620,307],{"class":73},[63,56622,12527],{"class":181},[63,56624,8252],{"class":73},[1193,56626,56628],{"id":56627},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[54,56630,56632],{"className":56,"code":56631,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56633,56634,56652,56666,56670,56688,56692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56635,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648,56650],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56637,2157],{"class":382},[63,56639,386],{"class":270},[63,56641,55911],{"class":73},[63,56643,674],{"class":82},[63,56645,17681],{"class":73},[63,56647,3216],{"class":73},[63,56649,274],{"class":82},[63,56651,52859],{"class":73},[63,56653,56654,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56655,2185],{"class":382},[63,56657,386],{"class":270},[63,56659,56505],{"class":382},[63,56661,307],{"class":73},[63,56663,12527],{"class":181},[63,56665,8252],{"class":73},[63,56667,56668],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,56669,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,56671,56672,56674,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,56673,4362],{"class":382},[63,56675,3497],{"class":73},[63,56677,1734],{"class":82},[63,56679,13167],{"class":73},[63,56681,13170],{"class":181},[63,56683,74],{"class":73},[63,56685,55964],{"class":82},[63,56687,397],{"class":73},[63,56689,56690],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,56691,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,56693,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,56695,70],{"class":69},[63,56697,74],{"class":73},[63,56699,303],{"class":181},[63,56701,3256],{"class":73},[63,56703,56704],{"class":1357},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56706,56707,56708,56710],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56709,55218],{}," is shallow.",[1193,56712,25236,56714,56716],{"id":56713},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56715,12392],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56718,56719,56721],{},[15,56720,12392],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[54,56723,56725],{"className":56,"code":56724,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56726,56727,56739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56728,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56730,7484],{"class":382},[63,56732,386],{"class":270},[63,56734,1375],{"class":448},[63,56736,4605],{"class":452},[63,56738,1381],{"class":448},[63,56740,56741],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56742,56743],{"class":1357},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56745,56746],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[54,56748,56750],{"className":56,"code":56749,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56751,56752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56753,56754,56756,56758,56760,56762,56764],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56755,70],{"class":69},[63,56757,74],{"class":73},[63,56759,418],{"class":417},[63,56761,74],{"class":73},[63,56763,7274],{"class":181},[63,56765,86],{"class":73},[20,56767,56768,56769,56773],{},"You can also review ",[303,56770,56772],{"href":56771},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[49,56775,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,56777,1459,56779,56781],{"id":56778},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56780,55218],{}," change the original list?",[20,56783,56784],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1193,56786,4781,56788,3993,56790,1506],{"id":56787},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56789,55218],{},[15,56791,386],{},[20,56793,56794,56796,56797,56799],{},[15,56795,12392],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56798,386],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1193,56801,14521,56803,14524],{"id":56802},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56804,55218],{},[20,56806,56807],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1193,56809,56811],{"id":56810},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56813,41769,56814,56817],{},[15,56815,56816],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1193,56819,14521,56821,56823,56824,1506],{"id":56820},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56822,55218],{}," the same as ",[15,56825,56251],{},[20,56827,56828],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[49,56830,1517],{"id":1516},[30,56832,56833,56838,56842,56847,56853],{},[33,56834,56835],{},[303,56836,14583],{"href":56837},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,56839,56840],{},[303,56841,52388],{"href":50595},[33,56843,56844],{},[303,56845,56846],{"href":56771},"Creating a list in Python",[33,56848,56849],{},[303,56850,55137,56851,10352],{"href":56386},[15,56852,52269],{},[33,56854,56855],{},[303,56856,13408],{"href":13407},[1542,56858,56859],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":56861},[56862,56863,56865,56866,56868,56869,56870,56872,56880,56891],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":55328,"depth":89,"text":56864},"What list.copy() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":55599,"depth":89,"text":56867},"Why not use =",{"id":55877,"depth":89,"text":55878},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":56228,"depth":89,"text":56871},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":56873},[56874,56876,56877,56878],{"id":56398,"depth":254,"text":56875},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56544,"depth":254,"text":56545},{"id":56627,"depth":254,"text":56628},{"id":56713,"depth":254,"text":56879},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":56881},[56882,56884,56886,56888,56889],{"id":56778,"depth":254,"text":56883},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56787,"depth":254,"text":56885},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56802,"depth":254,"text":56887},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56810,"depth":254,"text":56811},{"id":56820,"depth":254,"text":56890},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55206,"description":56892},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56899,"title":56900,"body":56901,"description":58643,"extension":1580,"meta":58644,"navigation":579,"path":58645,"seo":58646,"stem":58647,"__hash__":58648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56902,"toc":58602},[56903,56909,56915,56918,56929,56932,56934,56997,57003,57008,57012,57026,57029,57034,57039,57041,57043,57062,57074,57076,57143,57145,57153,57158,57160,57168,57171,57188,57190,57314,57325,57329,57334,57337,57339,57357,57361,57447,57456,57464,57533,57535,57538,57550,57555,57559,57630,57633,57637,57641,57706,57708,57716,57720,57803,57805,57813,57817,57878,57880,57888,57892,57979,57981,57989,57994,57999,58002,58013,58015,58100,58105,58114,58116,58120,58124,58129,58191,58195,58203,58209,58218,58223,58272,58275,58296,58300,58362,58369,58374,58377,58464,58467,58478,58481,58501,58503,58509,58512,58516,58520,58526,58529,58535,58542,58550,58561,58563,58599],[10,56904,53959,56906,10935],{"id":56905},"python-list-count-method",[15,56907,56908],{},"count()",[20,56910,56911,56914],{},[15,56912,56913],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56916,56917],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,56919,56920,56923,56926],{},[33,56921,56922],{},"count one specific item",[33,56924,56925],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,56927,56928],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56930,56931],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[49,56933,3201],{"id":3200},[54,56935,56937],{"className":56,"code":56936,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56938,56939,56967,56985],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56940,56941,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56942,3211],{"class":382},[63,56944,386],{"class":270},[63,56946,3216],{"class":73},[63,56948,674],{"class":82},[63,56950,102],{"class":73},[63,56952,105],{"class":82},[63,56954,102],{"class":73},[63,56956,105],{"class":82},[63,56958,102],{"class":73},[63,56960,518],{"class":82},[63,56962,102],{"class":73},[63,56964,105],{"class":82},[63,56966,3229],{"class":73},[63,56968,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,56970,383],{"class":382},[63,56972,386],{"class":270},[63,56974,3862],{"class":382},[63,56976,307],{"class":73},[63,56978,40876],{"class":181},[63,56980,74],{"class":73},[63,56982,274],{"class":82},[63,56984,397],{"class":73},[63,56986,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,56988,70],{"class":69},[63,56990,74],{"class":73},[63,56992,406],{"class":181},[63,56994,3256],{"class":73},[63,56996,50386],{"class":1357},[20,56998,128,56999,57002],{},[15,57000,57001],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[49,57004,138,57006,141],{"id":57005},"what-listcount-does",[15,57007,56913],{},[20,57009,57010,2482],{},[15,57011,56913],{},[30,57013,57014,57017,57020,57023],{},[33,57015,57016],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57018,57019],{},"returns an integer",[33,57021,57022],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57024,57025],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57027,57028],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57030,57031,57032,307],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57033,715],{},[20,57035,57036,57037,307],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57038,1734],{},[49,57040,164],{"id":163},[20,57042,167],{},[54,57044,57046],{"className":56,"code":57045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57047,57048],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57049,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57051,7948],{"class":382},[63,57053,307],{"class":73},[63,57055,40876],{"class":181},[63,57057,74],{"class":73},[63,57059,1002],{"class":181},[63,57061,397],{"class":73},[30,57063,57064,57069],{},[33,57065,57066,57068],{},[15,57067,7948],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57070,57071,57073],{},[15,57072,1002],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57075,1820],{},[54,57077,57079],{"className":56,"code":57078,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57080,57081,57121],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57082,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097,57099,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57084,35714],{"class":382},[63,57086,386],{"class":270},[63,57088,3216],{"class":73},[63,57090,2455],{"class":448},[63,57092,303],{"class":452},[63,57094,2455],{"class":448},[63,57096,102],{"class":73},[63,57098,1375],{"class":448},[63,57100,4362],{"class":452},[63,57102,2455],{"class":448},[63,57104,102],{"class":73},[63,57106,1375],{"class":448},[63,57108,303],{"class":452},[63,57110,2455],{"class":448},[63,57112,102],{"class":73},[63,57114,1375],{"class":448},[63,57116,9350],{"class":452},[63,57118,2455],{"class":448},[63,57120,3229],{"class":73},[63,57122,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57124,70],{"class":69},[63,57126,74],{"class":73},[63,57128,35767],{"class":181},[63,57130,307],{"class":73},[63,57132,40876],{"class":181},[63,57134,74],{"class":73},[63,57136,2455],{"class":448},[63,57138,303],{"class":452},[63,57140,2455],{"class":448},[63,57142,86],{"class":73},[20,57144,110],{},[54,57146,57147],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,57148,57149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57150,57151],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57152,824],{"class":82},[20,57154,57155,57156,307],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57157,1734],{},[49,57159,37646],{"id":37645},[20,57161,57162,57163,57165,57166,307],{},"The return value from ",[15,57164,56908],{}," is always an ",[15,57167,453],{},[20,57169,57170],{},"Possible results:",[30,57172,57173,57178,57183],{},[33,57174,57175,57177],{},[15,57176,1734],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57179,57180,57182],{},[15,57181,674],{}," if it appears once",[33,57184,57185,57187],{},[15,57186,274],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57189,1820],{},[54,57191,57193],{"className":56,"code":57192,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57194,57195,57235,57239,57264,57289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57196,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57198,12692],{"class":382},[63,57200,386],{"class":270},[63,57202,3216],{"class":73},[63,57204,2455],{"class":448},[63,57206,12709],{"class":452},[63,57208,2455],{"class":448},[63,57210,102],{"class":73},[63,57212,1375],{"class":448},[63,57214,12726],{"class":452},[63,57216,2455],{"class":448},[63,57218,102],{"class":73},[63,57220,1375],{"class":448},[63,57222,17074],{"class":452},[63,57224,2455],{"class":448},[63,57226,102],{"class":73},[63,57228,1375],{"class":448},[63,57230,12726],{"class":452},[63,57232,2455],{"class":448},[63,57234,3229],{"class":73},[63,57236,57237],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57238,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,57240,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,57242,70],{"class":69},[63,57244,74],{"class":73},[63,57246,17121],{"class":181},[63,57248,307],{"class":73},[63,57250,40876],{"class":181},[63,57252,74],{"class":73},[63,57254,2455],{"class":448},[63,57256,12726],{"class":452},[63,57258,2455],{"class":448},[63,57260,4964],{"class":73},[63,57262,57263],{"class":1357},"   # 2\n",[63,57265,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,57267,70],{"class":69},[63,57269,74],{"class":73},[63,57271,17121],{"class":181},[63,57273,307],{"class":73},[63,57275,40876],{"class":181},[63,57277,74],{"class":73},[63,57279,2455],{"class":448},[63,57281,12709],{"class":452},[63,57283,2455],{"class":448},[63,57285,4964],{"class":73},[63,57287,57288],{"class":1357},"    # 1\n",[63,57290,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,57292,70],{"class":69},[63,57294,74],{"class":73},[63,57296,17121],{"class":181},[63,57298,307],{"class":73},[63,57300,40876],{"class":181},[63,57302,74],{"class":73},[63,57304,2455],{"class":448},[63,57306,22144],{"class":452},[63,57308,2455],{"class":448},[63,57310,4964],{"class":73},[63,57312,57313],{"class":1357}," # 0\n",[20,57315,57316,57317,57319,57320,57322,57323,307],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57318,56908],{}," works, but using ",[15,57321,3480],{}," is often simpler. See ",[303,57324,5801],{"href":5800},[49,57326,57328],{"id":57327},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57330,57331,57333],{},[15,57332,56913],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57335,57336],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57338,43267],{},[30,57340,57341,57344,57347,57354],{},[33,57342,57343],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57345,57346],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57348,57349,3993,57351,57353],{},[15,57350,674],{},[15,57352,3196],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57355,57356],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1193,57358,57360],{"id":57359},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[54,57362,57364],{"className":56,"code":57363,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57365,57366,57399,57423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57367,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395,57397],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57369,3668],{"class":382},[63,57371,386],{"class":270},[63,57373,3216],{"class":73},[63,57375,2455],{"class":448},[63,57377,3677],{"class":452},[63,57379,2455],{"class":448},[63,57381,102],{"class":73},[63,57383,1375],{"class":448},[63,57385,57386],{"class":452},"Apple",[63,57388,2455],{"class":448},[63,57390,102],{"class":73},[63,57392,1375],{"class":448},[63,57394,3677],{"class":452},[63,57396,2455],{"class":448},[63,57398,3229],{"class":73},[63,57400,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57402,70],{"class":69},[63,57404,74],{"class":73},[63,57406,3712],{"class":181},[63,57408,307],{"class":73},[63,57410,40876],{"class":181},[63,57412,74],{"class":73},[63,57414,2455],{"class":448},[63,57416,3677],{"class":452},[63,57418,2455],{"class":448},[63,57420,4964],{"class":73},[63,57422,51031],{"class":1357},[63,57424,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,57426,70],{"class":69},[63,57428,74],{"class":73},[63,57430,3712],{"class":181},[63,57432,307],{"class":73},[63,57434,40876],{"class":181},[63,57436,74],{"class":73},[63,57438,2455],{"class":448},[63,57440,57386],{"class":452},[63,57442,2455],{"class":448},[63,57444,4964],{"class":73},[63,57446,27400],{"class":1357},[20,57448,57449,3993,57452,57455],{},[15,57450,57451],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57453,57454],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1193,57457,57459,3993,57461,57463],{"id":57458},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57460,674],{},[15,57462,3196],{}," can match",[54,57465,57467],{"className":56,"code":57466,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57468,57469,57493,57513],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57470,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57472,3418],{"class":382},[63,57474,386],{"class":270},[63,57476,3216],{"class":73},[63,57478,674],{"class":82},[63,57480,102],{"class":73},[63,57482,3513],{"class":3448},[63,57484,102],{"class":73},[63,57486,105],{"class":82},[63,57488,102],{"class":73},[63,57490,249],{"class":82},[63,57492,3229],{"class":73},[63,57494,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57496,70],{"class":69},[63,57498,74],{"class":73},[63,57500,4961],{"class":181},[63,57502,307],{"class":73},[63,57504,40876],{"class":181},[63,57506,74],{"class":73},[63,57508,674],{"class":82},[63,57510,4964],{"class":73},[63,57512,50534],{"class":1357},[63,57514,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,57516,70],{"class":69},[63,57518,74],{"class":73},[63,57520,4961],{"class":181},[63,57522,307],{"class":73},[63,57524,40876],{"class":181},[63,57526,74],{"class":73},[63,57528,3196],{"class":3448},[63,57530,4964],{"class":73},[63,57532,50386],{"class":1357},[20,57534,4010],{},[20,57536,57537],{},"In Python:",[30,57539,57540,57545],{},[33,57541,57542],{},[15,57543,57544],{},"True == 1",[33,57546,57547],{},[15,57548,57549],{},"False == 0",[20,57551,53270,57552,57554],{},[15,57553,56908],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1193,57556,57558],{"id":57557},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[54,57560,57562],{"className":56,"code":57561,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57563,57564,57606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57565,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57567,7386],{"class":382},[63,57569,386],{"class":270},[63,57571,55911],{"class":73},[63,57573,674],{"class":82},[63,57575,102],{"class":73},[63,57577,105],{"class":82},[63,57579,17681],{"class":73},[63,57581,3216],{"class":73},[63,57583,715],{"class":82},[63,57585,102],{"class":73},[63,57587,2061],{"class":82},[63,57589,17681],{"class":73},[63,57591,3216],{"class":73},[63,57593,674],{"class":82},[63,57595,102],{"class":73},[63,57597,105],{"class":82},[63,57599,17681],{"class":73},[63,57601,3216],{"class":73},[63,57603,674],{"class":82},[63,57605,52859],{"class":73},[63,57607,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57609,70],{"class":69},[63,57611,74],{"class":73},[63,57613,7417],{"class":181},[63,57615,307],{"class":73},[63,57617,40876],{"class":181},[63,57619,2583],{"class":73},[63,57621,674],{"class":82},[63,57623,102],{"class":73},[63,57625,105],{"class":82},[63,57627,4336],{"class":73},[63,57629,51031],{"class":1357},[20,57631,57632],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[49,57634,57636],{"id":57635},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1193,57638,57640],{"id":57639},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[54,57642,57644],{"className":56,"code":57643,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57645,57646,57674,57692,57696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57647,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57649,3211],{"class":382},[63,57651,386],{"class":270},[63,57653,3216],{"class":73},[63,57655,1940],{"class":82},[63,57657,102],{"class":73},[63,57659,7397],{"class":82},[63,57661,102],{"class":73},[63,57663,5607],{"class":82},[63,57665,102],{"class":73},[63,57667,7402],{"class":82},[63,57669,102],{"class":73},[63,57671,5607],{"class":82},[63,57673,3229],{"class":73},[63,57675,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57677,383],{"class":382},[63,57679,386],{"class":270},[63,57681,3862],{"class":382},[63,57683,307],{"class":73},[63,57685,40876],{"class":181},[63,57687,74],{"class":73},[63,57689,1940],{"class":82},[63,57691,397],{"class":73},[63,57693,57694],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,57695,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,57697,57698,57700,57702,57704],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,57699,70],{"class":69},[63,57701,74],{"class":73},[63,57703,406],{"class":181},[63,57705,397],{"class":73},[20,57707,110],{},[54,57709,57710],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,57711,57712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57713,57714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57715,120],{"class":82},[1193,57717,57719],{"id":57718},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[54,57721,57723],{"className":56,"code":57722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57724,57725,57767,57789,57793],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57726,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57763,57765],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57728,3668],{"class":382},[63,57730,386],{"class":270},[63,57732,3216],{"class":73},[63,57734,2455],{"class":448},[63,57736,36672],{"class":452},[63,57738,2455],{"class":448},[63,57740,102],{"class":73},[63,57742,1375],{"class":448},[63,57744,57745],{"class":452},"dog",[63,57747,2455],{"class":448},[63,57749,102],{"class":73},[63,57751,1375],{"class":448},[63,57753,36672],{"class":452},[63,57755,2455],{"class":448},[63,57757,102],{"class":73},[63,57759,1375],{"class":448},[63,57761,57762],{"class":452},"bird",[63,57764,2455],{"class":448},[63,57766,3229],{"class":73},[63,57768,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57770,383],{"class":382},[63,57772,386],{"class":270},[63,57774,5771],{"class":382},[63,57776,307],{"class":73},[63,57778,40876],{"class":181},[63,57780,74],{"class":73},[63,57782,2455],{"class":448},[63,57784,36672],{"class":452},[63,57786,2455],{"class":448},[63,57788,397],{"class":73},[63,57790,57791],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,57792,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,57794,57795,57797,57799,57801],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,57796,70],{"class":69},[63,57798,74],{"class":73},[63,57800,406],{"class":181},[63,57802,397],{"class":73},[20,57804,110],{},[54,57806,57807],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,57808,57809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57810,57811],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57812,824],{"class":82},[1193,57814,57816],{"id":57815},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[54,57818,57820],{"className":56,"code":57819,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57821,57822,57846,57864,57868],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57823,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57825,3211],{"class":382},[63,57827,386],{"class":270},[63,57829,3216],{"class":73},[63,57831,674],{"class":82},[63,57833,102],{"class":73},[63,57835,105],{"class":82},[63,57837,102],{"class":73},[63,57839,518],{"class":82},[63,57841,102],{"class":73},[63,57843,2061],{"class":82},[63,57845,3229],{"class":73},[63,57847,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57849,383],{"class":382},[63,57851,386],{"class":270},[63,57853,3862],{"class":382},[63,57855,307],{"class":73},[63,57857,40876],{"class":181},[63,57859,74],{"class":73},[63,57861,1750],{"class":82},[63,57863,397],{"class":73},[63,57865,57866],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,57867,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,57869,57870,57872,57874,57876],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,57871,70],{"class":69},[63,57873,74],{"class":73},[63,57875,406],{"class":181},[63,57877,397],{"class":73},[20,57879,110],{},[54,57881,57882],{"className":56,"code":46869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,57883,57884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57885,57886],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57887,46869],{"class":82},[1193,57889,57891],{"id":57890},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[54,57893,57895],{"className":56,"code":57894,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57896,57897,57943,57965,57969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57898,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57900,8775],{"class":382},[63,57902,386],{"class":270},[63,57904,55911],{"class":73},[63,57906,674],{"class":82},[63,57908,102],{"class":73},[63,57910,105],{"class":82},[63,57912,17681],{"class":73},[63,57914,3216],{"class":73},[63,57916,674],{"class":82},[63,57918,102],{"class":73},[63,57920,105],{"class":82},[63,57922,17681],{"class":73},[63,57924,3216],{"class":73},[63,57926,274],{"class":82},[63,57928,102],{"class":73},[63,57930,518],{"class":82},[63,57932,17681],{"class":73},[63,57934,3216],{"class":73},[63,57936,674],{"class":82},[63,57938,102],{"class":73},[63,57940,105],{"class":82},[63,57942,52859],{"class":73},[63,57944,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,57946,383],{"class":382},[63,57948,386],{"class":270},[63,57950,14184],{"class":382},[63,57952,307],{"class":73},[63,57954,40876],{"class":181},[63,57956,2583],{"class":73},[63,57958,674],{"class":82},[63,57960,102],{"class":73},[63,57962,105],{"class":82},[63,57964,191],{"class":73},[63,57966,57967],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,57968,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,57970,57971,57973,57975,57977],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,57972,70],{"class":69},[63,57974,74],{"class":73},[63,57976,406],{"class":181},[63,57978,397],{"class":73},[20,57980,110],{},[54,57982,57983],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,57984,57985],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57986,57987],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57988,120],{"class":82},[49,57990,1114,57992],{"id":57991},"when-to-use-count",[15,57993,56908],{},[20,57995,128,57996,57998],{},[15,57997,56908],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58000,58001],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58003,58004,58007,58010],{},[33,58005,58006],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58008,58009],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58011,58012],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58014,1820],{},[54,58016,58018],{"className":56,"code":58017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58019,58020,58061,58085,58089],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58021,58022,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58023,58024],{"class":382},"votes ",[63,58026,386],{"class":270},[63,58028,3216],{"class":73},[63,58030,2455],{"class":448},[63,58032,8267],{"class":452},[63,58034,2455],{"class":448},[63,58036,102],{"class":73},[63,58038,1375],{"class":448},[63,58040,8206],{"class":452},[63,58042,2455],{"class":448},[63,58044,102],{"class":73},[63,58046,1375],{"class":448},[63,58048,8267],{"class":452},[63,58050,2455],{"class":448},[63,58052,102],{"class":73},[63,58054,1375],{"class":448},[63,58056,8267],{"class":452},[63,58058,2455],{"class":448},[63,58060,3229],{"class":73},[63,58062,58063,58066,58068,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,58064,58065],{"class":382},"yes_votes ",[63,58067,386],{"class":270},[63,58069,58070],{"class":382}," votes",[63,58072,307],{"class":73},[63,58074,40876],{"class":181},[63,58076,74],{"class":73},[63,58078,2455],{"class":448},[63,58080,8267],{"class":452},[63,58082,2455],{"class":448},[63,58084,397],{"class":73},[63,58086,58087],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,58088,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,58090,58091,58093,58095,58098],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,58092,70],{"class":69},[63,58094,74],{"class":73},[63,58096,58097],{"class":181},"yes_votes",[63,58099,397],{"class":73},[20,58101,58102,58104],{},[15,58103,56908],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58106,58107,58108,3993,58110,307],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[303,58109,52388],{"href":50595},[303,58111,58113],{"href":58112},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[49,58115,1186],{"id":1185},[20,58117,8056,58118,307],{},[15,58119,56913],{},[1193,58121,58123],{"id":58122},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58125,58126,58128],{},[15,58127,56913],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[54,58130,58132],{"className":56,"code":58131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58133,58134,58167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58135,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58137,3668],{"class":382},[63,58139,386],{"class":270},[63,58141,3216],{"class":73},[63,58143,2455],{"class":448},[63,58145,58146],{"class":452},"apple pie",[63,58148,2455],{"class":448},[63,58150,102],{"class":73},[63,58152,1375],{"class":448},[63,58154,3686],{"class":452},[63,58156,2455],{"class":448},[63,58158,102],{"class":73},[63,58160,1375],{"class":448},[63,58162,58146],{"class":452},[63,58164,2455],{"class":448},[63,58166,3229],{"class":73},[63,58168,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,58170,70],{"class":69},[63,58172,74],{"class":73},[63,58174,3712],{"class":181},[63,58176,307],{"class":73},[63,58178,40876],{"class":181},[63,58180,74],{"class":73},[63,58182,2455],{"class":448},[63,58184,3677],{"class":452},[63,58186,2455],{"class":448},[63,58188,4964],{"class":73},[63,58190,50863],{"class":1357},[20,58192,2092,58193,1506],{},[15,58194,1734],{},[20,58196,28681,58197,58199,58200,307],{},[15,58198,57451],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58201,58202],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58204,58205,58206,307],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58207,58208],{},"str.count()",[1193,58210,1196,58212,8064,58214,632,58216],{"id":58211},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58213,56908],{},[15,58215,3196],{},[15,58217,3269],{},[20,58219,58220,58222],{},[15,58221,56908],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[54,58224,58226],{"className":56,"code":58225,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58227,58228,58252],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58229,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58231,3211],{"class":382},[63,58233,386],{"class":270},[63,58235,3216],{"class":73},[63,58237,674],{"class":82},[63,58239,102],{"class":73},[63,58241,105],{"class":82},[63,58243,102],{"class":73},[63,58245,105],{"class":82},[63,58247,102],{"class":73},[63,58249,518],{"class":82},[63,58251,3229],{"class":73},[63,58253,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,58255,70],{"class":69},[63,58257,74],{"class":73},[63,58259,3243],{"class":181},[63,58261,307],{"class":73},[63,58263,40876],{"class":181},[63,58265,74],{"class":73},[63,58267,274],{"class":82},[63,58269,4964],{"class":73},[63,58271,51031],{"class":1357},[20,58273,58274],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[54,58276,58278],{"className":56,"code":58277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58279,58280],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58281,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58283,70],{"class":69},[63,58285,74],{"class":73},[63,58287,274],{"class":82},[63,58289,20793],{"class":3473},[63,58291,3862],{"class":181},[63,58293,3256],{"class":73},[63,58295,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,58297,58299],{"id":58298},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[54,58301,58303],{"className":56,"code":58302,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58304,58305,58338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58306,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58334,58336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58308,4596],{"class":382},[63,58310,386],{"class":270},[63,58312,3216],{"class":73},[63,58314,2455],{"class":448},[63,58316,7283],{"class":452},[63,58318,2455],{"class":448},[63,58320,102],{"class":73},[63,58322,1375],{"class":448},[63,58324,19837],{"class":452},[63,58326,2455],{"class":448},[63,58328,102],{"class":73},[63,58330,1375],{"class":448},[63,58332,58333],{"class":452},"SAM",[63,58335,2455],{"class":448},[63,58337,3229],{"class":73},[63,58339,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,58341,70],{"class":69},[63,58343,74],{"class":73},[63,58345,4640],{"class":181},[63,58347,307],{"class":73},[63,58349,40876],{"class":181},[63,58351,74],{"class":73},[63,58353,2455],{"class":448},[63,58355,19837],{"class":452},[63,58357,2455],{"class":448},[63,58359,4964],{"class":73},[63,58361,27400],{"class":1357},[20,58363,58364,58365,58368],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58366,58367],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1193,58370,29270,58372,33171],{"id":58371},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58373,56908],{},[20,58375,58376],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[54,58378,58380],{"className":56,"code":58379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58381,58382,58392,58406,58424,58438,58450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58383,58384,58386,58388,58390],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58385,70],{"class":69},[63,58387,74],{"class":73},[63,58389,7948],{"class":181},[63,58391,397],{"class":73},[63,58393,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,58395,70],{"class":69},[63,58397,74],{"class":73},[63,58399,418],{"class":417},[63,58401,74],{"class":73},[63,58403,7948],{"class":181},[63,58405,86],{"class":73},[63,58407,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,58409,70],{"class":69},[63,58411,74],{"class":73},[63,58413,7948],{"class":181},[63,58415,307],{"class":73},[63,58417,40876],{"class":181},[63,58419,74],{"class":73},[63,58421,1002],{"class":181},[63,58423,86],{"class":73},[63,58425,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,58427,70],{"class":69},[63,58429,74],{"class":73},[63,58431,984],{"class":181},[63,58433,3480],{"class":3473},[63,58435,8005],{"class":181},[63,58437,397],{"class":73},[63,58439,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,58441,5560],{"class":3473},[63,58443,5563],{"class":382},[63,58445,3480],{"class":3473},[63,58447,8005],{"class":382},[63,58449,5996],{"class":73},[63,58451,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,58453,7677],{"class":69},[63,58455,74],{"class":73},[63,58457,41396],{"class":69},[63,58459,74],{"class":73},[63,58461,22930],{"class":181},[63,58463,86],{"class":73},[20,58465,58466],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,58468,58469,58472,58475],{},[33,58470,58471],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,58473,58474],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,58476,58477],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58479,58480],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,58482,58483,58488,58491,58498],{},[33,58484,50107,58485,58487],{},[15,58486,56908],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,58489,58490],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,58492,10719,58493,58495,58496],{},[15,58494,56913],{}," with string ",[15,58497,56908],{},[33,58499,58500],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[49,58502,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,58504,1459,58506,58508],{"id":58505},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58507,56913],{}," change the list?",[20,58510,58511],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1193,58513,58515],{"id":58514},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58517,11526,58518,307],{},[15,58519,1734],{},[1193,58521,1482,58523,58525],{"id":58522},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58524,56913],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58527,58528],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1193,58530,14521,58532,58534],{"id":58531},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58533,56913],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58536,41769,58537,3993,58539,58541],{},[15,58538,57454],{},[15,58540,57451],{}," are different values.",[1193,58543,4760,58545,58547,58548,1506],{"id":58544},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58546,3196],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58549,674],{},[20,58551,8395,58552,58554,58555,3993,58557,58554,58559,307],{},[15,58553,3196],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58556,674],{},[15,58558,3269],{},[15,58560,1734],{},[49,58562,1517],{"id":1516},[30,58564,58565,58569,58575,58579,58587,58594],{},[33,58566,58567],{},[303,58568,52388],{"href":50595},[33,58570,58571],{},[303,58572,58574],{"href":58573},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,58576,58577],{},[303,58578,6540],{"href":5800},[33,58580,58581],{},[303,58582,55137,58584,10352],{"href":58583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58585,58586],{},"index()",[33,58588,58589],{},[303,58590,13,58592],{"href":58591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58593,41977],{},[33,58595,58596],{},[303,58597,58598],{"href":58112},"What is a list in Python",[1542,58600,58601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":58603},[58604,58605,58607,58608,58609,58615,58621,58623,58631,58642],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":57005,"depth":89,"text":58606},"What list.count() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":37645,"depth":89,"text":37646},{"id":57327,"depth":89,"text":57328,"children":58610},[58611,58612,58614],{"id":57359,"depth":254,"text":57360},{"id":57458,"depth":254,"text":58613},"1 and True can match",{"id":57557,"depth":254,"text":57558},{"id":57635,"depth":89,"text":57636,"children":58616},[58617,58618,58619,58620],{"id":57639,"depth":254,"text":57640},{"id":57718,"depth":254,"text":57719},{"id":57815,"depth":254,"text":57816},{"id":57890,"depth":254,"text":57891},{"id":57991,"depth":89,"text":58622},"When to use count()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":58624},[58625,58626,58628,58629],{"id":58122,"depth":254,"text":58123},{"id":58211,"depth":254,"text":58627},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58298,"depth":254,"text":58299},{"id":58371,"depth":254,"text":58630},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":58632},[58633,58635,58636,58638,58640],{"id":58505,"depth":254,"text":58634},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58514,"depth":254,"text":58515},{"id":58522,"depth":254,"text":58637},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58531,"depth":254,"text":58639},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58544,"depth":254,"text":58641},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56900,"description":58643},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58650,"title":58651,"body":58652,"description":60615,"extension":1580,"meta":60616,"navigation":579,"path":60617,"seo":60618,"stem":60619,"__hash__":60620},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58653,"toc":60578},[58654,58657,58660,58662,58790,58794,58875,58886,58888,58907,58911,58914,58917,58935,58937,58980,58984,59009,59018,59022,59027,59030,59147,59151,59220,59224,59236,59240,59243,59284,59288,59301,59304,59389,59393,59426,59433,59439,59444,59446,59458,59462,59495,59499,59531,59535,59572,59576,59596,59600,59634,59638,59667,59678,59682,59685,59688,59701,59758,59762,59801,59807,59810,59812,59815,59819,59822,59847,59849,59874,59881,59884,59929,59933,59952,59955,59994,60001,60006,60040,60044,60145,60152,60185,60189,60215,60219,60222,60260,60263,60300,60304,60307,60326,60330,60391,60393,60411,60415,60418,60421,60450,60452,60456,60459,60467,60471,60474,60494,60500,60506,60510,60513,60520,60528,60530,60569,60575],[10,58655,58651],{"id":58656},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58658,58659],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[49,58661,3201],{"id":3200},[54,58663,58665],{"className":56,"code":58664,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58666,58667,58687,58719,58727,58745,58749,58759,58769,58780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58668,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683,58685],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58670,3211],{"class":382},[63,58672,386],{"class":270},[63,58674,3216],{"class":73},[63,58676,674],{"class":82},[63,58678,102],{"class":73},[63,58680,105],{"class":82},[63,58682,102],{"class":73},[63,58684,518],{"class":82},[63,58686,3229],{"class":73},[63,58688,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,58690,4596],{"class":382},[63,58692,386],{"class":270},[63,58694,3216],{"class":73},[63,58696,2455],{"class":448},[63,58698,12496],{"class":452},[63,58700,2455],{"class":448},[63,58702,102],{"class":73},[63,58704,1375],{"class":448},[63,58706,35564],{"class":452},[63,58708,2455],{"class":448},[63,58710,102],{"class":73},[63,58712,1375],{"class":448},[63,58714,35573],{"class":452},[63,58716,2455],{"class":448},[63,58718,3229],{"class":73},[63,58720,58721,58723,58725],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,58722,55548],{"class":382},[63,58724,386],{"class":270},[63,58726,7446],{"class":73},[63,58728,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,58730,35714],{"class":382},[63,58732,386],{"class":270},[63,58734,22180],{"class":417},[63,58736,74],{"class":73},[63,58738,2455],{"class":448},[63,58740,41177],{"class":452},[63,58742,2455],{"class":448},[63,58744,397],{"class":73},[63,58746,58747],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,58748,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,58750,58751,58753,58755,58757],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,58752,70],{"class":69},[63,58754,74],{"class":73},[63,58756,3243],{"class":181},[63,58758,397],{"class":73},[63,58760,58761,58763,58765,58767],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,58762,70],{"class":69},[63,58764,74],{"class":73},[63,58766,4640],{"class":181},[63,58768,397],{"class":73},[63,58770,58771,58773,58775,58778],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,58772,70],{"class":69},[63,58774,74],{"class":73},[63,58776,58777],{"class":181},"empty_list",[63,58779,397],{"class":73},[63,58781,58782,58784,58786,58788],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,58783,70],{"class":69},[63,58785,74],{"class":73},[63,58787,35767],{"class":181},[63,58789,397],{"class":73},[20,58791,58792],{},[833,58793,110],{},[54,58795,58797],{"className":56,"code":58796,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58798,58799,58815,58843,58847],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58800,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58802,3497],{"class":73},[63,58804,674],{"class":82},[63,58806,102],{"class":73},[63,58808,105],{"class":82},[63,58810,102],{"class":73},[63,58812,518],{"class":82},[63,58814,3229],{"class":73},[63,58816,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,58818,3497],{"class":73},[63,58820,456],{"class":448},[63,58822,12496],{"class":452},[63,58824,456],{"class":448},[63,58826,102],{"class":73},[63,58828,449],{"class":448},[63,58830,35564],{"class":452},[63,58832,456],{"class":448},[63,58834,102],{"class":73},[63,58836,449],{"class":448},[63,58838,35573],{"class":452},[63,58840,456],{"class":448},[63,58842,3229],{"class":73},[63,58844,58845],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,58846,37923],{"class":73},[63,58848,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,58850,3497],{"class":73},[63,58852,456],{"class":448},[63,58854,303],{"class":452},[63,58856,456],{"class":448},[63,58858,102],{"class":73},[63,58860,449],{"class":448},[63,58862,4362],{"class":452},[63,58864,456],{"class":448},[63,58866,102],{"class":73},[63,58868,449],{"class":448},[63,58870,9350],{"class":452},[63,58872,456],{"class":448},[63,58874,3229],{"class":73},[20,58876,58877,58878,58880,58881,58883,58884,307],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58879,3382],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58882,24401],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58885,35822],{},[49,58887,14781],{"id":14780},[30,58889,58890,58893,58896,58899,58904],{},[33,58891,58892],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,58894,58895],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,58897,58898],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,58900,58901,58902,1912],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58903,24401],{},[33,58905,58906],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[49,58908,58910],{"id":58909},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58912,58913],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58915,58916],{},"This means:",[30,58918,58919,58922,58925,58928],{},[33,58920,58921],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,58923,58924],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,58926,58927],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,58929,58930,58931,58934],{},"A list is ",[833,58932,58933],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58936,1820],{},[54,58938,58940],{"className":56,"code":58939,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58941,58942,58966,58970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58943,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58945,7386],{"class":382},[63,58947,386],{"class":270},[63,58949,3216],{"class":73},[63,58951,2455],{"class":448},[63,58953,3677],{"class":452},[63,58955,2455],{"class":448},[63,58957,102],{"class":73},[63,58959,5607],{"class":82},[63,58961,102],{"class":73},[63,58963,3513],{"class":3448},[63,58965,3229],{"class":73},[63,58967,58968],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,58969,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,58971,58972,58974,58976,58978],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,58973,70],{"class":69},[63,58975,74],{"class":73},[63,58977,7417],{"class":181},[63,58979,397],{"class":73},[20,58981,58982],{},[833,58983,110],{},[54,58985,58987],{"className":56,"code":58986,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58988,58989],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58990,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001,59003,59005,59007],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58992,3497],{"class":73},[63,58994,456],{"class":448},[63,58996,3677],{"class":452},[63,58998,456],{"class":448},[63,59000,102],{"class":73},[63,59002,5607],{"class":82},[63,59004,102],{"class":73},[63,59006,3513],{"class":3448},[63,59008,3229],{"class":73},[20,59010,59011,59012,632,59015,307],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[303,59013,59014],{"href":50595},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[303,59016,59017],{"href":58112},"What is a List in Python?",[49,59019,59021],{"id":59020},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59023,58877,59024,59026],{},[15,59025,3382],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59028,59029],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[54,59031,59033],{"className":56,"code":59032,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59034,59035,59055,59087,59112,59116,59126,59136],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59036,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59038,3211],{"class":382},[63,59040,386],{"class":270},[63,59042,3216],{"class":73},[63,59044,674],{"class":82},[63,59046,102],{"class":73},[63,59048,105],{"class":82},[63,59050,102],{"class":73},[63,59052,518],{"class":82},[63,59054,3229],{"class":73},[63,59056,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083,59085],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59058,4596],{"class":382},[63,59060,386],{"class":270},[63,59062,3216],{"class":73},[63,59064,2455],{"class":448},[63,59066,12496],{"class":452},[63,59068,2455],{"class":448},[63,59070,102],{"class":73},[63,59072,1375],{"class":448},[63,59074,35564],{"class":452},[63,59076,2455],{"class":448},[63,59078,102],{"class":73},[63,59080,1375],{"class":448},[63,59082,35573],{"class":452},[63,59084,2455],{"class":448},[63,59086,3229],{"class":73},[63,59088,59089,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,59090,59091],{"class":382},"mixed ",[63,59093,386],{"class":270},[63,59095,3216],{"class":73},[63,59097,1940],{"class":82},[63,59099,102],{"class":73},[63,59101,1375],{"class":448},[63,59103,3441],{"class":452},[63,59105,2455],{"class":448},[63,59107,102],{"class":73},[63,59109,3504],{"class":3448},[63,59111,3229],{"class":73},[63,59113,59114],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,59115,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,59117,59118,59120,59122,59124],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,59119,70],{"class":69},[63,59121,74],{"class":73},[63,59123,3243],{"class":181},[63,59125,397],{"class":73},[63,59127,59128,59130,59132,59134],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,59129,70],{"class":69},[63,59131,74],{"class":73},[63,59133,4640],{"class":181},[63,59135,397],{"class":73},[63,59137,59138,59140,59142,59145],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,59139,70],{"class":69},[63,59141,74],{"class":73},[63,59143,59144],{"class":181},"mixed",[63,59146,397],{"class":73},[20,59148,59149],{},[833,59150,110],{},[54,59152,59154],{"className":56,"code":59153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59155,59156,59172,59200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59157,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59159,3497],{"class":73},[63,59161,674],{"class":82},[63,59163,102],{"class":73},[63,59165,105],{"class":82},[63,59167,102],{"class":73},[63,59169,518],{"class":82},[63,59171,3229],{"class":73},[63,59173,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59175,3497],{"class":73},[63,59177,456],{"class":448},[63,59179,12496],{"class":452},[63,59181,456],{"class":448},[63,59183,102],{"class":73},[63,59185,449],{"class":448},[63,59187,35564],{"class":452},[63,59189,456],{"class":448},[63,59191,102],{"class":73},[63,59193,449],{"class":448},[63,59195,35573],{"class":452},[63,59197,456],{"class":448},[63,59199,3229],{"class":73},[63,59201,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,59203,3497],{"class":73},[63,59205,1940],{"class":82},[63,59207,102],{"class":73},[63,59209,449],{"class":448},[63,59211,3441],{"class":452},[63,59213,456],{"class":448},[63,59215,102],{"class":73},[63,59217,3504],{"class":3448},[63,59219,3229],{"class":73},[1193,59221,59223],{"id":59222},"key-points","Key points",[30,59225,59226,59231,59233],{},[33,59227,128,59228,59230],{},[15,59229,3382],{}," to make a new list",[33,59232,15051],{},[33,59234,59235],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[49,59237,59239],{"id":59238},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59241,59242],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[54,59244,59246],{"className":56,"code":59245,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59247,59248,59256,59260,59270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59249,59250,59252,59254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59251,7917],{"class":382},[63,59253,386],{"class":270},[63,59255,7446],{"class":73},[63,59257,59258],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59259,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,59261,59262,59264,59266,59268],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,59263,70],{"class":69},[63,59265,74],{"class":73},[63,59267,7948],{"class":181},[63,59269,397],{"class":73},[63,59271,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,59273,70],{"class":69},[63,59275,74],{"class":73},[63,59277,10774],{"class":69},[63,59279,74],{"class":73},[63,59281,7948],{"class":181},[63,59283,86],{"class":73},[20,59285,59286],{},[833,59287,110],{},[54,59289,59291],{"className":56,"code":59290,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[]\n0\n",[15,59292,59293,59297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59294,59295],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59296,37923],{"class":73},[63,59298,59299],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59300,46869],{"class":82},[20,59302,59303],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[54,59305,59307],{"className":56,"code":59306,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59308,59309,59317,59321,59339,59357,59375,59379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59310,59311,59313,59315],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59312,4596],{"class":382},[63,59314,386],{"class":270},[63,59316,7446],{"class":73},[63,59318,59319],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59320,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,59322,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,59324,4640],{"class":382},[63,59326,307],{"class":73},[63,59328,13170],{"class":181},[63,59330,74],{"class":73},[63,59332,2455],{"class":448},[63,59334,12496],{"class":452},[63,59336,2455],{"class":448},[63,59338,397],{"class":73},[63,59340,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351,59353,59355],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,59342,4640],{"class":382},[63,59344,307],{"class":73},[63,59346,13170],{"class":181},[63,59348,74],{"class":73},[63,59350,2455],{"class":448},[63,59352,35564],{"class":452},[63,59354,2455],{"class":448},[63,59356,397],{"class":73},[63,59358,59359,59361,59363,59365,59367,59369,59371,59373],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,59360,4640],{"class":382},[63,59362,307],{"class":73},[63,59364,13170],{"class":181},[63,59366,74],{"class":73},[63,59368,2455],{"class":448},[63,59370,35573],{"class":452},[63,59372,2455],{"class":448},[63,59374,397],{"class":73},[63,59376,59377],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,59378,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,59380,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,59382,70],{"class":69},[63,59384,74],{"class":73},[63,59386,4640],{"class":181},[63,59388,397],{"class":73},[20,59390,59391],{},[833,59392,110],{},[54,59394,59396],{"className":56,"code":59395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59397,59398],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59399,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59401,3497],{"class":73},[63,59403,456],{"class":448},[63,59405,12496],{"class":452},[63,59407,456],{"class":448},[63,59409,102],{"class":73},[63,59411,449],{"class":448},[63,59413,35564],{"class":452},[63,59415,456],{"class":448},[63,59417,102],{"class":73},[63,59419,449],{"class":448},[63,59421,35573],{"class":452},[63,59423,456],{"class":448},[63,59425,3229],{"class":73},[20,59427,59428,59429,307],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[303,59430,59431,10352],{"href":56386},[15,59432,52269],{},[49,59434,59436,59437],{"id":59435},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59438,24401],{},[20,59440,128,59441,59443],{},[15,59442,24401],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59445,5060],{},[30,59447,59448,59450,59452,59454],{},[33,59449,4911],{},[33,59451,4905],{},[33,59453,4908],{},[33,59455,59456],{},[15,59457,35822],{},[1193,59459,59461],{"id":59460},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[54,59463,59465],{"className":56,"code":59464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59466,59467,59485],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59468,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59470,35714],{"class":382},[63,59472,386],{"class":270},[63,59474,22180],{"class":417},[63,59476,74],{"class":73},[63,59478,2455],{"class":448},[63,59480,41177],{"class":452},[63,59482,2455],{"class":448},[63,59484,397],{"class":73},[63,59486,59487,59489,59491,59493],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59488,70],{"class":69},[63,59490,74],{"class":73},[63,59492,35767],{"class":181},[63,59494,397],{"class":73},[20,59496,59497],{},[833,59498,110],{},[54,59500,59501],{"className":56,"code":42492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,59502,59503],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59504,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59506,3497],{"class":73},[63,59508,456],{"class":448},[63,59510,303],{"class":452},[63,59512,456],{"class":448},[63,59514,102],{"class":73},[63,59516,449],{"class":448},[63,59518,4362],{"class":452},[63,59520,456],{"class":448},[63,59522,102],{"class":73},[63,59524,449],{"class":448},[63,59526,9350],{"class":452},[63,59528,456],{"class":448},[63,59530,3229],{"class":73},[1193,59532,59534],{"id":59533},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[54,59536,59538],{"className":56,"code":59537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59539,59540,59562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59541,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558,59560],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59543,3211],{"class":382},[63,59545,386],{"class":270},[63,59547,22180],{"class":417},[63,59549,5112],{"class":73},[63,59551,674],{"class":82},[63,59553,102],{"class":73},[63,59555,105],{"class":82},[63,59557,102],{"class":73},[63,59559,518],{"class":82},[63,59561,86],{"class":73},[63,59563,59564,59566,59568,59570],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59565,70],{"class":69},[63,59567,74],{"class":73},[63,59569,3243],{"class":181},[63,59571,397],{"class":73},[20,59573,59574],{},[833,59575,110],{},[54,59577,59578],{"className":56,"code":54767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,59579,59580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59581,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59583,3497],{"class":73},[63,59585,674],{"class":82},[63,59587,102],{"class":73},[63,59589,105],{"class":82},[63,59591,102],{"class":73},[63,59593,518],{"class":82},[63,59595,3229],{"class":73},[1193,59597,59599],{"id":59598},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[54,59601,59603],{"className":56,"code":59602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59604,59605,59624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59606,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59618,59620,59622],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59608,3418],{"class":382},[63,59610,386],{"class":270},[63,59612,22180],{"class":417},[63,59614,74],{"class":73},[63,59616,59617],{"class":69},"range",[63,59619,74],{"class":73},[63,59621,1750],{"class":82},[63,59623,86],{"class":73},[63,59625,59626,59628,59630,59632],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59627,70],{"class":69},[63,59629,74],{"class":73},[63,59631,4961],{"class":181},[63,59633,397],{"class":73},[20,59635,59636],{},[833,59637,110],{},[54,59639,59641],{"className":56,"code":59640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59642,59643],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59644,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59646,3497],{"class":73},[63,59648,1734],{"class":82},[63,59650,102],{"class":73},[63,59652,249],{"class":82},[63,59654,102],{"class":73},[63,59656,105],{"class":82},[63,59658,102],{"class":73},[63,59660,518],{"class":82},[63,59662,102],{"class":73},[63,59664,2061],{"class":82},[63,59666,3229],{"class":73},[20,59668,59669,59671,59672,307],{},[15,59670,24401],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[303,59673,59675,59677],{"href":59674},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59676,24401],{},": Function Explained",[49,59679,59681],{"id":59680},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59683,59684],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59686,59687],{},"Examples include:",[30,59689,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698],{},[33,59691,4911],{},[33,59693,40046],{},[33,59695,51662],{},[33,59697,40216],{},[33,59699,59700],{},"other lists",[54,59702,59704],{"className":56,"code":59703,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59705,59706,59744,59748],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59707,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59709,8775],{"class":382},[63,59711,386],{"class":270},[63,59713,3216],{"class":73},[63,59715,2455],{"class":448},[63,59717,12496],{"class":452},[63,59719,2455],{"class":448},[63,59721,102],{"class":73},[63,59723,8916],{"class":82},[63,59725,102],{"class":73},[63,59727,3513],{"class":3448},[63,59729,102],{"class":73},[63,59731,3216],{"class":73},[63,59733,674],{"class":82},[63,59735,102],{"class":73},[63,59737,105],{"class":82},[63,59739,102],{"class":73},[63,59741,518],{"class":82},[63,59743,52859],{"class":73},[63,59745,59746],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59747,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,59749,59750,59752,59754,59756],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,59751,70],{"class":69},[63,59753,74],{"class":73},[63,59755,8814],{"class":181},[63,59757,397],{"class":73},[20,59759,59760],{},[833,59761,110],{},[54,59763,59765],{"className":56,"code":59764,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59766,59767],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59768,59769,59771,59773,59775,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59770,3497],{"class":73},[63,59772,456],{"class":448},[63,59774,12496],{"class":452},[63,59776,456],{"class":448},[63,59778,102],{"class":73},[63,59780,8916],{"class":82},[63,59782,102],{"class":73},[63,59784,3513],{"class":3448},[63,59786,102],{"class":73},[63,59788,3216],{"class":73},[63,59790,674],{"class":82},[63,59792,102],{"class":73},[63,59794,105],{"class":82},[63,59796,102],{"class":73},[63,59798,518],{"class":82},[63,59800,52859],{"class":73},[20,59802,59803,59804,307],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[833,59805,59806],{},"nested list",[20,59808,59809],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[49,59811,4119],{"id":4118},[20,59813,59814],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1193,59816,59818],{"id":59817},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59820,59821],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[54,59823,59825],{"className":56,"code":59824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59826,59827,59831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59828,59829],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59830,4136],{"class":1357},[63,59832,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59834,3211],{"class":382},[63,59836,386],{"class":270},[63,59838,3216],{"class":73},[63,59840,674],{"class":82},[63,59842,105],{"class":82},[63,59844,518],{"class":82},[63,59846,3229],{"class":73},[20,59848,10419],{},[54,59850,59852],{"className":56,"code":59851,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59853,59854],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59855,59856,59858,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59857,3211],{"class":382},[63,59859,386],{"class":270},[63,59861,3216],{"class":73},[63,59863,674],{"class":82},[63,59865,102],{"class":73},[63,59867,105],{"class":82},[63,59869,102],{"class":73},[63,59871,518],{"class":82},[63,59873,3229],{"class":73},[1193,59875,311,59877,10704,59879],{"id":59876},"using-instead-of",[15,59878,6971],{},[15,59880,3382],{},[20,59882,59883],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[54,59885,59887],{"className":56,"code":59886,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59888,59889,59910,59914],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59890,59891,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59892,59893],{"class":382},"my_values ",[63,59895,386],{"class":270},[63,59897,8846],{"class":73},[63,59899,674],{"class":82},[63,59901,102],{"class":73},[63,59903,105],{"class":82},[63,59905,102],{"class":73},[63,59907,518],{"class":82},[63,59909,397],{"class":73},[63,59911,59912],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59913,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,59915,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924,59927],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,59917,70],{"class":69},[63,59919,74],{"class":73},[63,59921,418],{"class":417},[63,59923,74],{"class":73},[63,59925,59926],{"class":181},"my_values",[63,59928,86],{"class":73},[20,59930,59931],{},[833,59932,110],{},[54,59934,59936],{"className":56,"code":59935,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59937,59938],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59939,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59941,441],{"class":270},[63,59943,445],{"class":444},[63,59945,449],{"class":448},[63,59947,48568],{"class":452},[63,59949,456],{"class":448},[63,59951,459],{"class":270},[20,59953,59954],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[54,59956,59958],{"className":56,"code":59957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59959,59960,59980],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59961,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59963,59893],{"class":382},[63,59965,386],{"class":270},[63,59967,3216],{"class":73},[63,59969,674],{"class":82},[63,59971,102],{"class":73},[63,59973,105],{"class":82},[63,59975,102],{"class":73},[63,59977,518],{"class":82},[63,59979,3229],{"class":73},[63,59981,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,59983,70],{"class":69},[63,59985,74],{"class":73},[63,59987,418],{"class":417},[63,59989,74],{"class":73},[63,59991,59926],{"class":181},[63,59993,86],{"class":73},[1193,59995,1196,59997,60000],{"id":59996},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59998,59999],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60002,60003,60005],{},[15,60004,24401],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[54,60007,60009],{"className":56,"code":60008,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60010,60011,60030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60012,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60026,60028],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60014,383],{"class":382},[63,60016,386],{"class":270},[63,60018,22180],{"class":417},[63,60020,74],{"class":73},[63,60022,2455],{"class":448},[63,60024,60025],{"class":452},"hello world",[63,60027,2455],{"class":448},[63,60029,397],{"class":73},[63,60031,60032,60034,60036,60038],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,60033,70],{"class":69},[63,60035,74],{"class":73},[63,60037,406],{"class":181},[63,60039,397],{"class":73},[20,60041,60042],{},[833,60043,110],{},[54,60045,60047],{"className":56,"code":60046,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60048,60049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60050,60051,60053,60055,60058,60060,60062,60064,60067,60069,60071,60073,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60052,3497],{"class":73},[63,60054,456],{"class":448},[63,60056,60057],{"class":452},"h",[63,60059,456],{"class":448},[63,60061,102],{"class":73},[63,60063,449],{"class":448},[63,60065,60066],{"class":452},"e",[63,60068,456],{"class":448},[63,60070,102],{"class":73},[63,60072,449],{"class":448},[63,60074,60075],{"class":452},"l",[63,60077,456],{"class":448},[63,60079,102],{"class":73},[63,60081,449],{"class":448},[63,60083,60075],{"class":452},[63,60085,456],{"class":448},[63,60087,102],{"class":73},[63,60089,449],{"class":448},[63,60091,60092],{"class":452},"o",[63,60094,456],{"class":448},[63,60096,102],{"class":73},[63,60098,449],{"class":448},[63,60100,449],{"class":448},[63,60102,102],{"class":73},[63,60104,449],{"class":448},[63,60106,60107],{"class":452},"w",[63,60109,456],{"class":448},[63,60111,102],{"class":73},[63,60113,449],{"class":448},[63,60115,60092],{"class":452},[63,60117,456],{"class":448},[63,60119,102],{"class":73},[63,60121,449],{"class":448},[63,60123,60124],{"class":452},"r",[63,60126,456],{"class":448},[63,60128,102],{"class":73},[63,60130,449],{"class":448},[63,60132,60075],{"class":452},[63,60134,456],{"class":448},[63,60136,102],{"class":73},[63,60138,449],{"class":448},[63,60140,18387],{"class":452},[63,60142,456],{"class":448},[63,60144,3229],{"class":73},[20,60146,60147,60148,60151],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60149,60150],{},"split()"," instead:",[54,60153,60155],{"className":56,"code":60154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60156,60157,60175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60158,60159,60161,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60160,3668],{"class":382},[63,60162,386],{"class":270},[63,60164,1375],{"class":448},[63,60166,60025],{"class":452},[63,60168,2455],{"class":448},[63,60170,307],{"class":73},[63,60172,34092],{"class":181},[63,60174,8252],{"class":73},[63,60176,60177,60179,60181,60183],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,60178,70],{"class":69},[63,60180,74],{"class":73},[63,60182,3712],{"class":181},[63,60184,397],{"class":73},[20,60186,60187],{},[833,60188,110],{},[54,60190,60192],{"className":56,"code":60191,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60193,60194],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60195,60196,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206,60208,60211,60213],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60197,3497],{"class":73},[63,60199,456],{"class":448},[63,60201,3441],{"class":452},[63,60203,456],{"class":448},[63,60205,102],{"class":73},[63,60207,449],{"class":448},[63,60209,60210],{"class":452},"world",[63,60212,456],{"class":448},[63,60214,3229],{"class":73},[1193,60216,60218],{"id":60217},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60220,60221],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[54,60223,60225],{"className":56,"code":60224,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60226,60227,60231],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60228,60229],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60230,4136],{"class":1357},[63,60232,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60252,60254,60256,60258],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,60234,4596],{"class":382},[63,60236,386],{"class":270},[63,60238,3216],{"class":73},[63,60240,2455],{"class":448},[63,60242,12496],{"class":452},[63,60244,2455],{"class":448},[63,60246,102],{"class":73},[63,60248,1375],{"class":448},[63,60250,60251],{"class":452},"Ben', ",[63,60253,2455],{"class":448},[63,60255,35573],{"class":382},[63,60257,2455],{"class":448},[63,60259,3229],{"class":452},[20,60261,60262],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[54,60264,60266],{"className":56,"code":60265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60267,60268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60269,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60271,4596],{"class":382},[63,60273,386],{"class":270},[63,60275,3216],{"class":73},[63,60277,2455],{"class":448},[63,60279,12496],{"class":452},[63,60281,2455],{"class":448},[63,60283,102],{"class":73},[63,60285,1375],{"class":448},[63,60287,35564],{"class":452},[63,60289,2455],{"class":448},[63,60291,102],{"class":73},[63,60293,1375],{"class":448},[63,60295,35573],{"class":452},[63,60297,2455],{"class":448},[63,60299,3229],{"class":73},[1193,60301,60303],{"id":60302},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60305,60306],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60308,60309,60312,60315,60320],{},[33,60310,60311],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60313,60314],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60316,60317,60318],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60319,24401],{},[33,60321,1196,60322,60325],{},[15,60323,60324],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1193,60327,60329],{"id":60328},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[54,60331,60333],{"className":56,"code":60332,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60334,60335,60345,60359,60373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60336,60337,60339,60341,60343],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60338,70],{"class":69},[63,60340,74],{"class":73},[63,60342,7948],{"class":181},[63,60344,397],{"class":73},[63,60346,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,60348,70],{"class":69},[63,60350,74],{"class":73},[63,60352,418],{"class":417},[63,60354,74],{"class":73},[63,60356,7948],{"class":181},[63,60358,86],{"class":73},[63,60360,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,60362,70],{"class":69},[63,60364,74],{"class":73},[63,60366,10774],{"class":69},[63,60368,74],{"class":73},[63,60370,7948],{"class":181},[63,60372,86],{"class":73},[63,60374,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,60376,70],{"class":69},[63,60378,74],{"class":73},[63,60380,7702],{"class":417},[63,60382,74],{"class":73},[63,60384,59617],{"class":69},[63,60386,74],{"class":73},[63,60388,1750],{"class":82},[63,60390,2510],{"class":73},[20,60392,25628],{},[30,60394,60395,60398,60401,60404],{},[33,60396,60397],{},"what the list contains",[33,60399,60400],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60402,60403],{},"how many items it has",[33,60405,25639,60406,60408,60409],{},[15,60407,24401],{}," does with ",[15,60410,35822],{},[49,60412,60414],{"id":60413},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60416,60417],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60419,60420],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60422,60423,60438,60443],{},[33,60424,128,60425,1801,60429,16690,60433,60437],{},[303,60426,60427],{"href":56386},[15,60428,52269],{},[303,60430,60431],{"href":52961},[15,60432,53063],{},[303,60434,60435],{"href":53525},[15,60436,53885],{}," to add items later",[33,60439,128,60440,60442],{},[303,60441,59014],{"href":50595}," for a broader introduction",[33,60444,128,60445,60449],{},[303,60446,60447,59677],{"href":59674},[15,60448,24401],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[49,60451,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,60453,60455],{"id":60454},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60457,60458],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[54,60460,60461],{"className":56,"code":37923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,60462,60463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60464,60465],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60466,37923],{"class":73},[1193,60468,60470],{"id":60469},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60472,60473],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[54,60475,60476],{"className":56,"code":54767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,60477,60478],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60479,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60481,3497],{"class":73},[63,60483,674],{"class":82},[63,60485,102],{"class":73},[63,60487,105],{"class":82},[63,60489,102],{"class":73},[63,60491,518],{"class":82},[63,60493,3229],{"class":73},[1193,60495,4744,60497,60499],{"id":60496},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60498,24401],{}," do in Python?",[20,60501,60502,60503,60505],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60504,35822],{},", into a list.",[1193,60507,60509],{"id":60508},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60511,60512],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1193,60514,4781,60516,3993,60518,1506],{"id":60515},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60517,3382],{},[15,60519,6971],{},[20,60521,60522,60524,60525,60527],{},[15,60523,3382],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60526,6971],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[49,60529,1517],{"id":1516},[30,60531,60532,60536,60542,60548,60554,60560,60564],{},[33,60533,60534],{},[303,60535,59014],{"href":50595},[33,60537,60538],{},[303,60539,55137,60540,10935],{"href":56386},[15,60541,52269],{},[33,60543,60544],{},[303,60545,55137,60546,10935],{"href":52961},[15,60547,53063],{},[33,60549,60550],{},[303,60551,55137,60552,10935],{"href":53525},[15,60553,53885],{},[33,60555,60556],{},[303,60557,13,60558,18],{"href":59674},[15,60559,24401],{},[33,60561,60562],{},[303,60563,59017],{"href":58112},[33,60565,60566],{},[303,60567,60568],{"href":11680},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60570,60571,60572,60574],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60573,52269],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1542,60576,60577],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":60579},[60580,60581,60582,60583,60586,60587,60593,60594,60604,60605,60614],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":14780,"depth":89,"text":14781},{"id":58909,"depth":89,"text":58910},{"id":59020,"depth":89,"text":59021,"children":60584},[60585],{"id":59222,"depth":254,"text":59223},{"id":59238,"depth":89,"text":59239},{"id":59435,"depth":89,"text":60588,"children":60589},"Create a list with list()",[60590,60591,60592],{"id":59460,"depth":254,"text":59461},{"id":59533,"depth":254,"text":59534},{"id":59598,"depth":254,"text":59599},{"id":59680,"depth":89,"text":59681},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":60595},[60596,60597,60599,60601,60602,60603],{"id":59817,"depth":254,"text":59818},{"id":59876,"depth":254,"text":60598},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59996,"depth":254,"text":60600},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60217,"depth":254,"text":60218},{"id":60302,"depth":254,"text":60303},{"id":60328,"depth":254,"text":60329},{"id":60413,"depth":89,"text":60414},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":60606},[60607,60608,60609,60611,60612],{"id":60454,"depth":254,"text":60455},{"id":60469,"depth":254,"text":60470},{"id":60496,"depth":254,"text":60610},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60508,"depth":254,"text":60509},{"id":60515,"depth":254,"text":60613},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58651,"description":60615},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60622,"title":60623,"body":60624,"description":62365,"extension":1580,"meta":62366,"navigation":579,"path":62367,"seo":62368,"stem":62369,"__hash__":62370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60625,"toc":62320},[60626,60631,60636,60639,60641,60712,60717,60722,60726,60740,60745,60747,60767,60772,60775,60798,60802,60807,60899,60901,60923,60929,60935,60942,60949,60955,61012,61018,61076,61078,61090,61098,61104,61109,61113,61170,61173,61177,61236,61239,61243,61301,61313,61317,61370,61373,61377,61383,61389,61451,61454,61515,61518,61574,61579,61581,61585,61592,61653,61658,61667,61723,61730,61734,61792,61801,61859,61863,61898,61902,61912,61915,61970,61984,61987,62102,62107,62111,62122,62124,62203,62213,62215,62220,62225,62232,62240,62246,62249,62255,62258,62264,62270,62272,62308,62317],[10,60627,53959,60629,10935],{"id":60628},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60630,53063],{},[20,60632,60633,60635],{},[15,60634,52964],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60637,60638],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[49,60640,52],{"id":51},[54,60642,60644],{"className":56,"code":60643,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60645,60646,60662,60679,60683,60698,60708],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60647,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656,60658,60660],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60649,3211],{"class":382},[63,60651,386],{"class":270},[63,60653,3216],{"class":73},[63,60655,674],{"class":82},[63,60657,102],{"class":73},[63,60659,105],{"class":82},[63,60661,3229],{"class":73},[63,60663,60664,60667,60669,60671,60673,60675,60677],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,60665,60666],{"class":382},"more_numbers ",[63,60668,386],{"class":270},[63,60670,3216],{"class":73},[63,60672,715],{"class":82},[63,60674,102],{"class":73},[63,60676,2061],{"class":82},[63,60678,3229],{"class":73},[63,60680,60681],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,60682,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,60684,60685,60687,60689,60691,60693,60696],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,60686,3243],{"class":382},[63,60688,307],{"class":73},[63,60690,53093],{"class":181},[63,60692,74],{"class":73},[63,60694,60695],{"class":181},"more_numbers",[63,60697,397],{"class":73},[63,60699,60700,60702,60704,60706],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,60701,70],{"class":69},[63,60703,74],{"class":73},[63,60705,3243],{"class":181},[63,60707,397],{"class":73},[63,60709,60710],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,60711,52340],{"class":1357},[20,60713,128,60714,60716],{},[15,60715,53063],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[49,60718,138,60720,141],{"id":60719},"what-listextend-does",[15,60721,52964],{},[20,60723,60724,2482],{},[15,60725,53063],{},[30,60727,60728,60731,60733,60736],{},[33,60729,60730],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,60732,54045],{},[33,60734,60735],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,60737,11037,60738],{},[15,60739,3373],{},[20,60741,60742,60743,53418],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60744,53063],{},[49,60746,164],{"id":163},[54,60748,60750],{"className":56,"code":60749,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60751,60752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60753,60754,60757,60759,60761,60763,60765],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60755,60756],{"class":382},"list_name",[63,60758,307],{"class":73},[63,60760,53093],{"class":181},[63,60762,74],{"class":73},[63,60764,3315],{"class":181},[63,60766,397],{"class":73},[20,60768,5055,60769,60771],{},[833,60770,3315],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60773,60774],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,60776,60777,60781,60785,60789,60794],{},[33,60778,60779],{},[15,60780,7702],{},[33,60782,60783],{},[15,60784,48568],{},[33,60786,60787],{},[15,60788,5890],{},[33,60790,60791],{},[15,60792,60793],{},"string",[33,60795,60796],{},[15,60797,59617],{},[49,60799,60801],{"id":60800},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60803,60804,60805,2482],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60806,53063],{},[54,60808,60810],{"className":56,"code":60809,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60811,60812,60836,60861,60865,60880,60884,60894],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60813,60814,60816,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60815,35863],{"class":382},[63,60817,386],{"class":270},[63,60819,3216],{"class":73},[63,60821,2455],{"class":448},[63,60823,3677],{"class":452},[63,60825,2455],{"class":448},[63,60827,102],{"class":73},[63,60829,1375],{"class":448},[63,60831,3686],{"class":452},[63,60833,2455],{"class":448},[63,60835,3229],{"class":73},[63,60837,60838,60841,60843,60845,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,60839,60840],{"class":382},"more_fruits ",[63,60842,386],{"class":270},[63,60844,3216],{"class":73},[63,60846,2455],{"class":448},[63,60848,32843],{"class":452},[63,60850,2455],{"class":448},[63,60852,102],{"class":73},[63,60854,1375],{"class":448},[63,60856,22153],{"class":452},[63,60858,2455],{"class":448},[63,60860,3229],{"class":73},[63,60862,60863],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,60864,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,60866,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875,60878],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,60868,35915],{"class":382},[63,60870,307],{"class":73},[63,60872,53093],{"class":181},[63,60874,74],{"class":73},[63,60876,60877],{"class":181},"more_fruits",[63,60879,397],{"class":73},[63,60881,60882],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,60883,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,60885,60886,60888,60890,60892],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,60887,70],{"class":69},[63,60889,74],{"class":73},[63,60891,35915],{"class":181},[63,60893,397],{"class":73},[63,60895,60896],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,60897,60898],{"class":1357},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60900,11298],{},[30,60902,60903,60908,60913],{},[33,60904,60905,60907],{},[15,60906,35915],{}," starts with two items",[33,60909,60910,60912],{},[15,60911,60877],{}," has two more items",[33,60914,60915,60917,60918,60920,60921],{},[15,60916,53063],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60919,60877],{}," to ",[15,60922,35915],{},[20,60924,60925,60926,60928],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60927,35915],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60930,54184,60931,3993,60933,307],{},[303,60932,52388],{"href":50595},[303,60934,56772],{"href":56771},[49,60936,60938,10197,60940],{"id":60937},"extend-vs-append",[15,60939,53063],{},[15,60941,52269],{},[20,60943,60944,3993,60946,60948],{},[15,60945,53063],{},[15,60947,52269],{}," are often confused.",[1193,60950,60952,60954],{"id":60951},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60953,53063],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[54,60956,60958],{"className":56,"code":60957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60959,60960,60976,60994,60998,61008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60961,60962,60964,60966,60968,60970,60972,60974],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60963,3211],{"class":382},[63,60965,386],{"class":270},[63,60967,3216],{"class":73},[63,60969,674],{"class":82},[63,60971,102],{"class":73},[63,60973,105],{"class":82},[63,60975,3229],{"class":73},[63,60977,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986,60988,60990,60992],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,60979,3243],{"class":382},[63,60981,307],{"class":73},[63,60983,53093],{"class":181},[63,60985,2583],{"class":73},[63,60987,715],{"class":82},[63,60989,102],{"class":73},[63,60991,2061],{"class":82},[63,60993,191],{"class":73},[63,60995,60996],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,60997,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,60999,61000,61002,61004,61006],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61001,70],{"class":69},[63,61003,74],{"class":73},[63,61005,3243],{"class":181},[63,61007,397],{"class":73},[63,61009,61010],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61011,52340],{"class":1357},[1193,61013,61015,61017],{"id":61014},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61016,52269],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[54,61019,61021],{"className":56,"code":61020,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61022,61023,61039,61057,61061,61071],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61024,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033,61035,61037],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61026,3211],{"class":382},[63,61028,386],{"class":270},[63,61030,3216],{"class":73},[63,61032,674],{"class":82},[63,61034,102],{"class":73},[63,61036,105],{"class":82},[63,61038,3229],{"class":73},[63,61040,61041,61043,61045,61047,61049,61051,61053,61055],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61042,3243],{"class":382},[63,61044,307],{"class":73},[63,61046,13170],{"class":181},[63,61048,2583],{"class":73},[63,61050,715],{"class":82},[63,61052,102],{"class":73},[63,61054,2061],{"class":82},[63,61056,191],{"class":73},[63,61058,61059],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61060,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61062,61063,61065,61067,61069],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61064,70],{"class":69},[63,61066,74],{"class":73},[63,61068,3243],{"class":181},[63,61070,397],{"class":73},[63,61072,61073],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61074,61075],{"class":1357},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61077,18314],{},[30,61079,61080,61085],{},[33,61081,61082,61084],{},[15,61083,53063],{}," to combine values",[33,61086,61087,61089],{},[15,61088,52269],{}," to add one item",[20,61091,41710,61092,3993,61096,307],{},[303,61093,55137,61094,10352],{"href":56386},[15,61095,52269],{},[303,61097,52666],{"href":52665},[49,61099,311,61101,61103],{"id":61100},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61102,53063],{}," with different iterables",[20,61105,61106,61108],{},[15,61107,53063],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1193,61110,61112],{"id":61111},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[54,61114,61116],{"className":56,"code":61115,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61117,61118,61134,61152,61156,61166],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61119,61120,61122,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61121,3418],{"class":382},[63,61123,386],{"class":270},[63,61125,3216],{"class":73},[63,61127,674],{"class":82},[63,61129,102],{"class":73},[63,61131,105],{"class":82},[63,61133,3229],{"class":73},[63,61135,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61137,4961],{"class":382},[63,61139,307],{"class":73},[63,61141,53093],{"class":181},[63,61143,5112],{"class":73},[63,61145,715],{"class":82},[63,61147,102],{"class":73},[63,61149,2061],{"class":82},[63,61151,86],{"class":73},[63,61153,61154],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61155,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61157,61158,61160,61162,61164],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61159,70],{"class":69},[63,61161,74],{"class":73},[63,61163,4961],{"class":181},[63,61165,397],{"class":73},[63,61167,61168],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61169,52340],{"class":1357},[20,61171,61172],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1193,61174,61176],{"id":61175},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[54,61178,61180],{"className":56,"code":61179,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61181,61182,61198,61217,61221,61231],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61183,61184,61186,61188,61190,61192,61194,61196],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61185,35714],{"class":382},[63,61187,386],{"class":270},[63,61189,3216],{"class":73},[63,61191,2455],{"class":448},[63,61193,303],{"class":452},[63,61195,2455],{"class":448},[63,61197,3229],{"class":73},[63,61199,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208,61210,61213,61215],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61201,35767],{"class":382},[63,61203,307],{"class":73},[63,61205,53093],{"class":181},[63,61207,74],{"class":73},[63,61209,2455],{"class":448},[63,61211,61212],{"class":452},"bc",[63,61214,2455],{"class":448},[63,61216,397],{"class":73},[63,61218,61219],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61220,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61222,61223,61225,61227,61229],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61224,70],{"class":69},[63,61226,74],{"class":73},[63,61228,35767],{"class":181},[63,61230,397],{"class":73},[63,61232,61233],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61234,61235],{"class":1357},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61237,61238],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1193,61240,61242],{"id":61241},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[54,61244,61246],{"className":56,"code":61245,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61247,61248,61260,61282,61286,61296],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61249,61250,61252,61254,61256,61258],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61251,3211],{"class":382},[63,61253,386],{"class":270},[63,61255,3216],{"class":73},[63,61257,1734],{"class":82},[63,61259,3229],{"class":73},[63,61261,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270,61272,61274,61276,61278,61280],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61263,3243],{"class":382},[63,61265,307],{"class":73},[63,61267,53093],{"class":181},[63,61269,74],{"class":73},[63,61271,59617],{"class":69},[63,61273,74],{"class":73},[63,61275,674],{"class":82},[63,61277,102],{"class":73},[63,61279,2061],{"class":82},[63,61281,86],{"class":73},[63,61283,61284],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61285,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61287,61288,61290,61292,61294],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61289,70],{"class":69},[63,61291,74],{"class":73},[63,61293,3243],{"class":181},[63,61295,397],{"class":73},[63,61297,61298],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61299,61300],{"class":1357},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61302,61303,61306,61307,1801,61309,16690,61311,307],{},[15,61304,61305],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61308,674],{},[15,61310,274],{},[15,61312,715],{},[1193,61314,61316],{"id":61315},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[54,61318,61320],{"className":56,"code":61319,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61321,61322,61338,61356,61360],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61323,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61325,7386],{"class":382},[63,61327,386],{"class":270},[63,61329,3216],{"class":73},[63,61331,674],{"class":82},[63,61333,102],{"class":73},[63,61335,105],{"class":82},[63,61337,3229],{"class":73},[63,61339,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61341,7417],{"class":382},[63,61343,307],{"class":73},[63,61345,53093],{"class":181},[63,61347,5131],{"class":73},[63,61349,715],{"class":82},[63,61351,102],{"class":73},[63,61353,2061],{"class":82},[63,61355,30117],{"class":73},[63,61357,61358],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61359,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61361,61362,61364,61366,61368],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61363,70],{"class":69},[63,61365,74],{"class":73},[63,61367,7417],{"class":181},[63,61369,397],{"class":73},[20,61371,61372],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[49,61374,61376],{"id":61375},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61378,61379,2004,61381,307],{},[15,61380,53063],{},[15,61382,3373],{},[20,61384,61385,61386,2482],{},"That means this is ",[833,61387,61388],{},"wrong",[54,61390,61392],{"className":56,"code":61391,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61393,61394,61410,61432,61436,61446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61395,61396,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406,61408],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61397,3211],{"class":382},[63,61399,386],{"class":270},[63,61401,3216],{"class":73},[63,61403,674],{"class":82},[63,61405,102],{"class":73},[63,61407,105],{"class":82},[63,61409,3229],{"class":73},[63,61411,61412,61414,61416,61418,61420,61422,61424,61426,61428,61430],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61413,383],{"class":382},[63,61415,386],{"class":270},[63,61417,3862],{"class":382},[63,61419,307],{"class":73},[63,61421,53093],{"class":181},[63,61423,2583],{"class":73},[63,61425,715],{"class":82},[63,61427,102],{"class":73},[63,61429,2061],{"class":82},[63,61431,191],{"class":73},[63,61433,61434],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61435,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61437,61438,61440,61442,61444],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61439,70],{"class":69},[63,61441,74],{"class":73},[63,61443,406],{"class":181},[63,61445,397],{"class":73},[63,61447,61448],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61449,61450],{"class":1357},"# None\n",[20,61452,61453],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[54,61455,61457],{"className":56,"code":61456,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61458,61459,61475,61497,61501,61511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61460,61461,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471,61473],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61462,3211],{"class":382},[63,61464,386],{"class":270},[63,61466,3216],{"class":73},[63,61468,674],{"class":82},[63,61470,102],{"class":73},[63,61472,105],{"class":82},[63,61474,3229],{"class":73},[63,61476,61477,61479,61481,61483,61485,61487,61489,61491,61493,61495],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61478,3211],{"class":382},[63,61480,386],{"class":270},[63,61482,3862],{"class":382},[63,61484,307],{"class":73},[63,61486,53093],{"class":181},[63,61488,2583],{"class":73},[63,61490,715],{"class":82},[63,61492,102],{"class":73},[63,61494,2061],{"class":82},[63,61496,191],{"class":73},[63,61498,61499],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61500,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61502,61503,61505,61507,61509],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61504,70],{"class":69},[63,61506,74],{"class":73},[63,61508,3243],{"class":181},[63,61510,397],{"class":73},[63,61512,61513],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61514,61450],{"class":1357},[20,61516,61517],{},"The correct way is:",[54,61519,61520],{"className":56,"code":60957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,61521,61522,61538,61556,61560,61570],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61523,61524,61526,61528,61530,61532,61534,61536],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61525,3211],{"class":382},[63,61527,386],{"class":270},[63,61529,3216],{"class":73},[63,61531,674],{"class":82},[63,61533,102],{"class":73},[63,61535,105],{"class":82},[63,61537,3229],{"class":73},[63,61539,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548,61550,61552,61554],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61541,3243],{"class":382},[63,61543,307],{"class":73},[63,61545,53093],{"class":181},[63,61547,2583],{"class":73},[63,61549,715],{"class":82},[63,61551,102],{"class":73},[63,61553,2061],{"class":82},[63,61555,191],{"class":73},[63,61557,61558],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61559,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61561,61562,61564,61566,61568],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61563,70],{"class":69},[63,61565,74],{"class":73},[63,61567,3243],{"class":181},[63,61569,397],{"class":73},[63,61571,61572],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61573,52340],{"class":1357},[20,61575,55526,61576,61578],{},[15,61577,53063],{}," first, then use the original list.",[49,61580,4119],{"id":4118},[20,61582,14351,61583,307],{},[15,61584,53063],{},[1193,61586,61588,61589,61591],{"id":61587},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61590,53063],{}," to return a new list",[54,61593,61595],{"className":56,"code":61594,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61596,61597,61613,61635,61639,61649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61598,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607,61609,61611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61600,3211],{"class":382},[63,61602,386],{"class":270},[63,61604,3216],{"class":73},[63,61606,674],{"class":82},[63,61608,102],{"class":73},[63,61610,105],{"class":82},[63,61612,3229],{"class":73},[63,61614,61615,61617,61619,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61616,55259],{"class":382},[63,61618,386],{"class":270},[63,61620,3862],{"class":382},[63,61622,307],{"class":73},[63,61624,53093],{"class":181},[63,61626,2583],{"class":73},[63,61628,715],{"class":82},[63,61630,102],{"class":73},[63,61632,2061],{"class":82},[63,61634,191],{"class":73},[63,61636,61637],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61638,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61640,61641,61643,61645,61647],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61642,70],{"class":69},[63,61644,74],{"class":73},[63,61646,55278],{"class":181},[63,61648,397],{"class":73},[63,61650,61651],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61652,61450],{"class":1357},[20,61654,61655,61656,307],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61657,53063],{},[1193,61659,61661,61662,44247,61664,61666],{"id":61660},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61663,52269],{},[15,61665,53063],{}," is needed",[54,61668,61669],{"className":56,"code":61020,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,61670,61671,61687,61705,61709,61719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61672,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681,61683,61685],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61674,3211],{"class":382},[63,61676,386],{"class":270},[63,61678,3216],{"class":73},[63,61680,674],{"class":82},[63,61682,102],{"class":73},[63,61684,105],{"class":82},[63,61686,3229],{"class":73},[63,61688,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699,61701,61703],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61690,3243],{"class":382},[63,61692,307],{"class":73},[63,61694,13170],{"class":181},[63,61696,2583],{"class":73},[63,61698,715],{"class":82},[63,61700,102],{"class":73},[63,61702,2061],{"class":82},[63,61704,191],{"class":73},[63,61706,61707],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61708,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61710,61711,61713,61715,61717],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61712,70],{"class":69},[63,61714,74],{"class":73},[63,61716,3243],{"class":181},[63,61718,397],{"class":73},[63,61720,61721],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61722,61075],{"class":1357},[20,61724,61725,61726,53508,61728,6235],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61727,53507],{},[15,61729,53063],{},[1193,61731,61733],{"id":61732},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[54,61735,61737],{"className":56,"code":61736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61738,61739,61755,61773,61777,61787],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61740,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61742,3668],{"class":382},[63,61744,386],{"class":270},[63,61746,3216],{"class":73},[63,61748,2455],{"class":448},[63,61750,3441],{"class":452},[63,61752,2455],{"class":448},[63,61754,3229],{"class":73},[63,61756,61757,61759,61761,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61758,3712],{"class":382},[63,61760,307],{"class":73},[63,61762,53093],{"class":181},[63,61764,74],{"class":73},[63,61766,2455],{"class":448},[63,61768,60210],{"class":452},[63,61770,2455],{"class":448},[63,61772,397],{"class":73},[63,61774,61775],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61776,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61778,61779,61781,61783,61785],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61780,70],{"class":69},[63,61782,74],{"class":73},[63,61784,3712],{"class":181},[63,61786,397],{"class":73},[63,61788,61789],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61790,61791],{"class":1357},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61793,61794,61795,61798,61799,2482],{},"If you want ",[15,61796,61797],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61800,52269],{},[54,61802,61804],{"className":56,"code":61803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61805,61806,61822,61840,61844,61854],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61807,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61809,3668],{"class":382},[63,61811,386],{"class":270},[63,61813,3216],{"class":73},[63,61815,2455],{"class":448},[63,61817,3441],{"class":452},[63,61819,2455],{"class":448},[63,61821,3229],{"class":73},[63,61823,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61825,3712],{"class":382},[63,61827,307],{"class":73},[63,61829,13170],{"class":181},[63,61831,74],{"class":73},[63,61833,2455],{"class":448},[63,61835,60210],{"class":452},[63,61837,2455],{"class":448},[63,61839,397],{"class":73},[63,61841,61842],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61843,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,61845,61846,61848,61850,61852],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61847,70],{"class":69},[63,61849,74],{"class":73},[63,61851,3712],{"class":181},[63,61853,397],{"class":73},[63,61855,61856],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,61857,61858],{"class":1357},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1193,61860,61862],{"id":61861},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[54,61864,61866],{"className":56,"code":61865,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61867,61868,61884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61869,61870,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61871,3211],{"class":382},[63,61873,386],{"class":270},[63,61875,3216],{"class":73},[63,61877,674],{"class":82},[63,61879,102],{"class":73},[63,61881,105],{"class":82},[63,61883,3229],{"class":73},[63,61885,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61887,3243],{"class":382},[63,61889,307],{"class":73},[63,61891,53093],{"class":181},[63,61893,74],{"class":73},[63,61895,1750],{"class":82},[63,61897,397],{"class":73},[20,61899,39280,61900,6155],{},[15,61901,1750],{},[20,61903,61904,61905,61907,61908,61911],{},"You will get a ",[15,61906,2602],{},". See ",[303,61909,61910],{"href":52216},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61913,61914],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[54,61916,61918],{"className":56,"code":61917,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61919,61920,61930,61944,61956],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61921,61922,61924,61926,61928],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61923,70],{"class":69},[63,61925,74],{"class":73},[63,61927,7948],{"class":181},[63,61929,397],{"class":73},[63,61931,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,61933,70],{"class":69},[63,61935,74],{"class":73},[63,61937,418],{"class":417},[63,61939,74],{"class":73},[63,61941,4961],{"class":181},[63,61943,86],{"class":73},[63,61945,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,61947,70],{"class":69},[63,61949,74],{"class":73},[63,61951,406],{"class":181},[63,61953,3256],{"class":73},[63,61955,397],{"class":382},[63,61957,61958,61960,61962,61964,61966,61968],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,61959,31774],{"class":69},[63,61961,74],{"class":73},[63,61963,7702],{"class":417},[63,61965,307],{"class":73},[63,61967,53093],{"class":24370},[63,61969,397],{"class":73},[43197,61971,61972],{},[20,61973,61974,61975,61978,61979,61981,61982,307],{},"Note: ",[15,61976,61977],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61980,3256],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61983,32649],{},[20,61985,61986],{},"Correct debugging example:",[54,61988,61990],{"className":56,"code":61989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61991,61992,62008,62024,62028,62042,62046,62054,62064,62078,62088],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61993,61994,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004,62006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61995,7917],{"class":382},[63,61997,386],{"class":270},[63,61999,3216],{"class":73},[63,62001,674],{"class":82},[63,62003,102],{"class":73},[63,62005,105],{"class":82},[63,62007,3229],{"class":73},[63,62009,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62011,3418],{"class":382},[63,62013,386],{"class":270},[63,62015,3216],{"class":73},[63,62017,715],{"class":82},[63,62019,102],{"class":73},[63,62021,2061],{"class":82},[63,62023,3229],{"class":73},[63,62025,62026],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,62027,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,62029,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,62031,7948],{"class":382},[63,62033,307],{"class":73},[63,62035,53093],{"class":181},[63,62037,74],{"class":73},[63,62039,4961],{"class":181},[63,62041,397],{"class":73},[63,62043,62044],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,62045,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,62047,62048,62050,62052],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,62049,383],{"class":382},[63,62051,386],{"class":270},[63,62053,48143],{"class":3448},[63,62055,62056,62058,62060,62062],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,62057,70],{"class":69},[63,62059,74],{"class":73},[63,62061,7948],{"class":181},[63,62063,397],{"class":73},[63,62065,62066,62068,62070,62072,62074,62076],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,62067,70],{"class":69},[63,62069,74],{"class":73},[63,62071,418],{"class":417},[63,62073,74],{"class":73},[63,62075,4961],{"class":181},[63,62077,86],{"class":73},[63,62079,62080,62082,62084,62086],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,62081,70],{"class":69},[63,62083,74],{"class":73},[63,62085,406],{"class":181},[63,62087,397],{"class":73},[63,62089,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100],{"class":65,"line":6040},[63,62091,31774],{"class":69},[63,62093,74],{"class":73},[63,62095,7702],{"class":417},[63,62097,307],{"class":73},[63,62099,53093],{"class":24370},[63,62101,397],{"class":73},[49,62103,1114,62105],{"id":62104},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62106,53063],{},[20,62108,128,62109,1121],{},[15,62110,53063],{},[30,62112,62113,62116,62119],{},[33,62114,62115],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62117,62118],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62120,62121],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62123,777],{},[54,62125,62127],{"className":56,"code":62126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62128,62129,62146,62164,62168,62184,62188,62198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62130,62131,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62132,62133],{"class":382},"all_scores ",[63,62135,386],{"class":270},[63,62137,3216],{"class":73},[63,62139,13119],{"class":82},[63,62141,102],{"class":73},[63,62143,13124],{"class":82},[63,62145,3229],{"class":73},[63,62147,62148,62151,62153,62155,62157,62159,62162],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62149,62150],{"class":382},"new_scores ",[63,62152,386],{"class":270},[63,62154,3216],{"class":73},[63,62156,51121],{"class":82},[63,62158,102],{"class":73},[63,62160,62161],{"class":82}," 92",[63,62163,3229],{"class":73},[63,62165,62166],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,62167,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,62169,62170,62173,62175,62177,62179,62182],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,62171,62172],{"class":382},"all_scores",[63,62174,307],{"class":73},[63,62176,53093],{"class":181},[63,62178,74],{"class":73},[63,62180,62181],{"class":181},"new_scores",[63,62183,397],{"class":73},[63,62185,62186],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,62187,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,62189,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,62191,70],{"class":69},[63,62193,74],{"class":73},[63,62195,62172],{"class":181},[63,62197,397],{"class":73},[63,62199,62200],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,62201,62202],{"class":1357},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62204,62205,62206,62208,62209,307],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62207,52269],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[303,62210,55137,62211,10352],{"href":53525},[15,62212,53885],{},[49,62214,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,62216,1459,62218,55086],{"id":62217},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62219,52964],{},[20,62221,62222,62223,307],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62224,3373],{},[1193,62226,4781,62228,3993,62230,1506],{"id":62227},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62229,53063],{},[15,62231,52269],{},[20,62233,62234,62236,62237,62239],{},[15,62235,53063],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62238,52269],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1193,62241,1499,62243,62245],{"id":62242},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62244,53063],{}," with a string?",[20,62247,62248],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1193,62250,1499,62252,62254],{"id":62251},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62253,53063],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62256,62257],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1193,62259,62261,62262,1506],{"id":62260},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62263,53063],{},[20,62265,62266,62267,62269],{},"You get a ",[15,62268,2602],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[49,62271,1517],{"id":1516},[30,62273,62274,62280,62284,62288,62292,62298,62302],{},[33,62275,62276],{},[303,62277,55137,62278,10352],{"href":56386},[15,62279,52269],{},[33,62281,62282],{},[303,62283,53895],{"href":52665},[33,62285,62286],{},[303,62287,56846],{"href":56771},[33,62289,62290],{},[303,62291,52388],{"href":50595},[33,62293,62294],{},[303,62295,55137,62296,10352],{"href":53525},[15,62297,53885],{},[33,62299,62300],{},[303,62301,61910],{"href":52216},[33,62303,62304],{},[303,62305,55137,62306,10352],{"href":54577},[15,62307,12392],{},[20,62309,62310,62311,62313,62314,62316],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62312,52269],{},", when to use ",[15,62315,53885],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1542,62318,62319],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":62321},[62322,62323,62325,62326,62327,62334,62341,62342,62350,62352,62364],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":60719,"depth":89,"text":62324},"What list.extend() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":60800,"depth":89,"text":60801},{"id":60937,"depth":89,"text":62328,"children":62329},"extend() vs append()",[62330,62332],{"id":60951,"depth":254,"text":62331},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61014,"depth":254,"text":62333},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61100,"depth":89,"text":62335,"children":62336},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62337,62338,62339,62340],{"id":61111,"depth":254,"text":61112},{"id":61175,"depth":254,"text":61176},{"id":61241,"depth":254,"text":61242},{"id":61315,"depth":254,"text":61316},{"id":61375,"depth":89,"text":61376},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":62343},[62344,62346,62348,62349],{"id":61587,"depth":254,"text":62345},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61660,"depth":254,"text":62347},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61732,"depth":254,"text":61733},{"id":61861,"depth":254,"text":61862},{"id":62104,"depth":89,"text":62351},"When to use extend()",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":62353},[62354,62356,62358,62360,62362],{"id":62217,"depth":254,"text":62355},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62227,"depth":254,"text":62357},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62242,"depth":254,"text":62359},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62251,"depth":254,"text":62361},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62260,"depth":254,"text":62363},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60623,"description":62365},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62372,"title":62373,"body":62374,"description":64465,"extension":1580,"meta":64466,"navigation":579,"path":64467,"seo":64468,"stem":64469,"__hash__":64470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62375,"toc":64428},[62376,62379,62384,62390,62401,62407,62409,62478,62480,62529,62537,62541,62546,62549,62560,62565,62567,62569,62590,62603,62606,62619,62621,62626,62651,62653,62661,62664,62733,62735,62759,62765,62769,62773,62809,62811,62831,62838,62842,62875,62877,62911,62916,62920,62953,62955,62983,62991,62995,63032,63034,63055,63058,63062,63131,63133,63157,63163,63170,63174,63177,63179,63193,63196,63220,63222,63247,63250,63269,63271,63297,63306,63310,63317,63394,63396,63437,63443,63449,63540,63542,63598,63601,63606,63610,63615,63619,63678,63680,63705,63709,63772,63774,63799,63803,63866,63868,63911,63914,63918,63922,63944,63948,64030,64032,64067,64075,64077,64081,64085,64087,64114,64119,64121,64148,64155,64158,64181,64183,64232,64235,64238,64257,64261,64264,64315,64318,64324,64328,64333,64336,64338,64344,64353,64357,64363,64367,64370,64374,64377,64381,64387,64389,64425],[10,62377,62373],{"id":62378},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62380,22,62381,62383],{},[15,62382,24401],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62385,62386,62387,62389],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62388,24401],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62391,62392,62395],{},[33,62393,62394],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62396,62397,62398,62400],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62399,59617],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62402,62403,62404,62406],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62405,24401],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[49,62408,52],{"id":51},[54,62410,62412],{"className":56,"code":62411,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62413,62414,62436,62454,62458,62468],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62415,62416,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430,62432,62434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62417,3211],{"class":382},[63,62419,386],{"class":270},[63,62421,22180],{"class":417},[63,62423,5112],{"class":73},[63,62425,674],{"class":82},[63,62427,102],{"class":73},[63,62429,105],{"class":82},[63,62431,102],{"class":73},[63,62433,518],{"class":82},[63,62435,86],{"class":73},[63,62437,62438,62440,62442,62444,62446,62448,62450,62452],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62439,35714],{"class":382},[63,62441,386],{"class":270},[63,62443,22180],{"class":417},[63,62445,74],{"class":73},[63,62447,2455],{"class":448},[63,62449,41177],{"class":452},[63,62451,2455],{"class":448},[63,62453,397],{"class":73},[63,62455,62456],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,62457,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,62459,62460,62462,62464,62466],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,62461,70],{"class":69},[63,62463,74],{"class":73},[63,62465,3243],{"class":181},[63,62467,397],{"class":73},[63,62469,62470,62472,62474,62476],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,62471,70],{"class":69},[63,62473,74],{"class":73},[63,62475,35767],{"class":181},[63,62477,397],{"class":73},[20,62479,110],{},[54,62481,62483],{"className":56,"code":62482,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62484,62485,62501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62486,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62488,3497],{"class":73},[63,62490,674],{"class":82},[63,62492,102],{"class":73},[63,62494,105],{"class":82},[63,62496,102],{"class":73},[63,62498,518],{"class":82},[63,62500,3229],{"class":73},[63,62502,62503,62505,62507,62509,62511,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62504,3497],{"class":73},[63,62506,456],{"class":448},[63,62508,303],{"class":452},[63,62510,456],{"class":448},[63,62512,102],{"class":73},[63,62514,449],{"class":448},[63,62516,4362],{"class":452},[63,62518,456],{"class":448},[63,62520,102],{"class":73},[63,62522,449],{"class":448},[63,62524,9350],{"class":452},[63,62526,456],{"class":448},[63,62528,3229],{"class":73},[20,62530,128,62531,62533,62534,62536],{},[15,62532,24401],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62535,59617],{},", set, or dictionary.",[49,62538,62540],{"id":62539},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62542,62543,62545],{},[15,62544,24401],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62547,62548],{},"It can:",[30,62550,62551,62554,62557],{},[33,62552,62553],{},"create a new list object",[33,62555,62556],{},"make an empty list",[33,62558,62559],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62561,62562,62563,307],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[303,62564,52388],{"href":50595},[49,62566,164],{"id":163},[20,62568,26107],{},[54,62570,62572],{"className":56,"code":62571,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62573,62574,62580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62575,62576,62578],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62577,7702],{"class":417},[63,62579,8252],{"class":73},[63,62581,62582,62584,62586,62588],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62583,7702],{"class":417},[63,62585,74],{"class":73},[63,62587,3315],{"class":181},[63,62589,397],{"class":73},[30,62591,62592,62597],{},[33,62593,62594,62596],{},[15,62595,24401],{}," makes an empty list",[33,62598,62599,62602],{},[15,62600,62601],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62604,62605],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,62607,62608,62610,62612,62614,62617],{},[33,62609,4911],{},[33,62611,4905],{},[33,62613,4908],{},[33,62615,62616],{},"ranges",[33,62618,6856],{},[49,62620,59239],{"id":59238},[20,62622,128,62623,62625],{},[15,62624,24401],{}," with no arguments:",[54,62627,62629],{"className":56,"code":62628,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62630,62631,62641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62632,62633,62635,62637,62639],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62634,7386],{"class":382},[63,62636,386],{"class":270},[63,62638,22180],{"class":417},[63,62640,8252],{"class":73},[63,62642,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62644,70],{"class":69},[63,62646,74],{"class":73},[63,62648,7417],{"class":181},[63,62650,397],{"class":73},[20,62652,110],{},[54,62654,62655],{"className":56,"code":37923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,62656,62657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62658,62659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62660,37923],{"class":73},[20,62662,62663],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[54,62665,62667],{"className":56,"code":62666,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62668,62669,62679,62683,62701,62719,62723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62670,62671,62673,62675,62677],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62672,7386],{"class":382},[63,62674,386],{"class":270},[63,62676,22180],{"class":417},[63,62678,8252],{"class":73},[63,62680,62681],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62682,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,62684,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,62686,7417],{"class":382},[63,62688,307],{"class":73},[63,62690,13170],{"class":181},[63,62692,74],{"class":73},[63,62694,2455],{"class":448},[63,62696,3677],{"class":452},[63,62698,2455],{"class":448},[63,62700,397],{"class":73},[63,62702,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,62704,7417],{"class":382},[63,62706,307],{"class":73},[63,62708,13170],{"class":181},[63,62710,74],{"class":73},[63,62712,2455],{"class":448},[63,62714,3686],{"class":452},[63,62716,2455],{"class":448},[63,62718,397],{"class":73},[63,62720,62721],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,62722,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,62724,62725,62727,62729,62731],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,62726,70],{"class":69},[63,62728,74],{"class":73},[63,62730,7417],{"class":181},[63,62732,397],{"class":73},[20,62734,110],{},[54,62736,62737],{"className":56,"code":38049,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,62738,62739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62740,62741,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62742,3497],{"class":73},[63,62744,456],{"class":448},[63,62746,3677],{"class":452},[63,62748,456],{"class":448},[63,62750,102],{"class":73},[63,62752,449],{"class":448},[63,62754,3686],{"class":452},[63,62756,456],{"class":448},[63,62758,3229],{"class":73},[20,62760,62761,62762,62764],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62763,3382],{},". Both are valid.",[49,62766,62768],{"id":62767},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1193,62770,62772],{"id":62771},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[54,62774,62775],{"className":56,"code":59537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,62776,62777,62799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62778,62779,62781,62783,62785,62787,62789,62791,62793,62795,62797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62780,3211],{"class":382},[63,62782,386],{"class":270},[63,62784,22180],{"class":417},[63,62786,5112],{"class":73},[63,62788,674],{"class":82},[63,62790,102],{"class":73},[63,62792,105],{"class":82},[63,62794,102],{"class":73},[63,62796,518],{"class":82},[63,62798,86],{"class":73},[63,62800,62801,62803,62805,62807],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62802,70],{"class":69},[63,62804,74],{"class":73},[63,62806,3243],{"class":181},[63,62808,397],{"class":73},[20,62810,110],{},[54,62812,62813],{"className":56,"code":54767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,62814,62815],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62816,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62818,3497],{"class":73},[63,62820,674],{"class":82},[63,62822,102],{"class":73},[63,62824,105],{"class":82},[63,62826,102],{"class":73},[63,62828,518],{"class":82},[63,62830,3229],{"class":73},[20,62832,62833,62834,307],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[303,62835,62837],{"href":62836},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1193,62839,62841],{"id":62840},"string-to-list","String to list",[54,62843,62845],{"className":56,"code":62844,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62846,62847,62865],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62848,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857,62859,62861,62863],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62850,35714],{"class":382},[63,62852,386],{"class":270},[63,62854,22180],{"class":417},[63,62856,74],{"class":73},[63,62858,2455],{"class":448},[63,62860,36672],{"class":452},[63,62862,2455],{"class":448},[63,62864,397],{"class":73},[63,62866,62867,62869,62871,62873],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62868,70],{"class":69},[63,62870,74],{"class":73},[63,62872,35767],{"class":181},[63,62874,397],{"class":73},[20,62876,110],{},[54,62878,62880],{"className":56,"code":62879,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62881,62882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62883,62884,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904,62907,62909],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62885,3497],{"class":73},[63,62887,456],{"class":448},[63,62889,9350],{"class":452},[63,62891,456],{"class":448},[63,62893,102],{"class":73},[63,62895,449],{"class":448},[63,62897,303],{"class":452},[63,62899,456],{"class":448},[63,62901,102],{"class":73},[63,62903,449],{"class":448},[63,62905,62906],{"class":452},"t",[63,62908,456],{"class":448},[63,62910,3229],{"class":73},[20,62912,62913,62915],{},[15,62914,24401],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1193,62917,62919],{"id":62918},"range-to-list","Range to list",[54,62921,62923],{"className":56,"code":62922,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62924,62925,62943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62926,62927,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937,62939,62941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62928,3211],{"class":382},[63,62930,386],{"class":270},[63,62932,22180],{"class":417},[63,62934,74],{"class":73},[63,62936,59617],{"class":69},[63,62938,74],{"class":73},[63,62940,1750],{"class":82},[63,62942,86],{"class":73},[63,62944,62945,62947,62949,62951],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,62946,70],{"class":69},[63,62948,74],{"class":73},[63,62950,3243],{"class":181},[63,62952,397],{"class":73},[20,62954,110],{},[54,62956,62957],{"className":56,"code":59640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,62958,62959],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62960,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62962,3497],{"class":73},[63,62964,1734],{"class":82},[63,62966,102],{"class":73},[63,62968,249],{"class":82},[63,62970,102],{"class":73},[63,62972,105],{"class":82},[63,62974,102],{"class":73},[63,62976,518],{"class":82},[63,62978,102],{"class":73},[63,62980,2061],{"class":82},[63,62982,3229],{"class":73},[20,62984,62985,62986,62990],{},"This is common when working with ",[303,62987,62988],{"href":35819},[15,62989,35822],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1193,62992,62994],{"id":62993},"set-to-list","Set to list",[54,62996,62998],{"className":56,"code":62997,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62999,63000,63022],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63001,63002,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018,63020],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63003,3418],{"class":382},[63,63005,386],{"class":270},[63,63007,22180],{"class":417},[63,63009,5131],{"class":73},[63,63011,1940],{"class":82},[63,63013,102],{"class":73},[63,63015,7397],{"class":82},[63,63017,102],{"class":73},[63,63019,7402],{"class":82},[63,63021,30117],{"class":73},[63,63023,63024,63026,63028,63030],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63025,70],{"class":69},[63,63027,74],{"class":73},[63,63029,4961],{"class":181},[63,63031,397],{"class":73},[20,63033,16577],{},[54,63035,63037],{"className":56,"code":63036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63038,63039],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63040,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63042,3497],{"class":73},[63,63044,1940],{"class":82},[63,63046,102],{"class":73},[63,63048,7397],{"class":82},[63,63050,102],{"class":73},[63,63052,7402],{"class":82},[63,63054,3229],{"class":73},[20,63056,63057],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1193,63059,63061],{"id":63060},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[54,63063,63065],{"className":56,"code":63064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63066,63067,63103,63117,63121],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63070,12821],{"class":382},[63,63072,386],{"class":270},[63,63074,10102],{"class":73},[63,63076,2455],{"class":448},[63,63078,7274],{"class":452},[63,63080,2455],{"class":448},[63,63082,2482],{"class":73},[63,63084,1375],{"class":448},[63,63086,12496],{"class":452},[63,63088,2455],{"class":448},[63,63090,102],{"class":73},[63,63092,1375],{"class":448},[63,63094,8909],{"class":452},[63,63096,2455],{"class":448},[63,63098,2482],{"class":73},[63,63100,8916],{"class":82},[63,63102,8919],{"class":73},[63,63104,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63106,383],{"class":382},[63,63108,386],{"class":270},[63,63110,22180],{"class":417},[63,63112,74],{"class":73},[63,63114,16925],{"class":181},[63,63116,397],{"class":73},[63,63118,63119],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,63120,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,63122,63123,63125,63127,63129],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,63124,70],{"class":69},[63,63126,74],{"class":73},[63,63128,406],{"class":181},[63,63130,397],{"class":73},[20,63132,110],{},[54,63134,63135],{"className":56,"code":25100,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,63136,63137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63138,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63140,3497],{"class":73},[63,63142,456],{"class":448},[63,63144,7274],{"class":452},[63,63146,456],{"class":448},[63,63148,102],{"class":73},[63,63150,449],{"class":448},[63,63152,8909],{"class":452},[63,63154,456],{"class":448},[63,63156,3229],{"class":73},[20,63158,63159,63160,63162],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63161,24401],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63164,63165,63166,307],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[303,63167,63169],{"href":63168},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[49,63171,63173],{"id":63172},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63175,63176],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63178,60774],{},[30,63180,63181,63183,63185,63187,63189,63191],{},[33,63182,4902],{},[33,63184,4905],{},[33,63186,4911],{},[33,63188,4908],{},[33,63190,62616],{},[33,63192,6856],{},[20,63194,63195],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[54,63197,63199],{"className":56,"code":63198,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63200,63201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63202,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63216,63218],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63204,70],{"class":69},[63,63206,74],{"class":73},[63,63208,7702],{"class":417},[63,63210,74],{"class":73},[63,63212,2455],{"class":448},[63,63214,63215],{"class":452},"hi",[63,63217,2455],{"class":448},[63,63219,86],{"class":73},[20,63221,110],{},[54,63223,63225],{"className":56,"code":63224,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63226,63227],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63228,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243,63245],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63230,3497],{"class":73},[63,63232,456],{"class":448},[63,63234,60057],{"class":452},[63,63236,456],{"class":448},[63,63238,102],{"class":73},[63,63240,449],{"class":448},[63,63242,35778],{"class":452},[63,63244,456],{"class":448},[63,63246,3229],{"class":73},[20,63248,63249],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[54,63251,63253],{"className":56,"code":63252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63254,63255],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63256,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63258,70],{"class":69},[63,63260,74],{"class":73},[63,63262,7702],{"class":417},[63,63264,74],{"class":73},[63,63266,1750],{"class":82},[63,63268,86],{"class":73},[20,63270,110],{},[54,63272,63274],{"className":56,"code":63273,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63275,63276],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63277,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63279,2602],{"class":417},[63,63281,2482],{"class":73},[63,63283,449],{"class":448},[63,63285,453],{"class":452},[63,63287,456],{"class":448},[63,63289,24237],{"class":417},[63,63291,7705],{"class":270},[63,63293,7708],{"class":270},[63,63295,63296],{"class":382}," iterable\n",[20,63298,63299,63300,63302,63303,307],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[303,63301,4738],{"href":5188},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[303,63304,63305],{"href":52216},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[49,63307,63309],{"id":63308},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63311,63312,63313,63316],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63314,63315],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[54,63318,63320],{"className":56,"code":63319,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63321,63322,63342,63356,63360,63370,63380],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63323,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63325,11701],{"class":382},[63,63327,386],{"class":270},[63,63329,3216],{"class":73},[63,63331,674],{"class":82},[63,63333,102],{"class":73},[63,63335,105],{"class":82},[63,63337,102],{"class":73},[63,63339,518],{"class":82},[63,63341,3229],{"class":73},[63,63343,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63345,13929],{"class":382},[63,63347,386],{"class":270},[63,63349,22180],{"class":417},[63,63351,74],{"class":73},[63,63353,11748],{"class":181},[63,63355,397],{"class":73},[63,63357,63358],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,63359,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,63361,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,63363,70],{"class":69},[63,63365,74],{"class":73},[63,63367,11748],{"class":181},[63,63369,397],{"class":73},[63,63371,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,63373,70],{"class":69},[63,63375,74],{"class":73},[63,63377,13948],{"class":181},[63,63379,397],{"class":73},[63,63381,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,63383,70],{"class":69},[63,63385,74],{"class":73},[63,63387,11701],{"class":181},[63,63389,11809],{"class":3473},[63,63391,14002],{"class":181},[63,63393,397],{"class":73},[20,63395,110],{},[54,63397,63399],{"className":56,"code":63398,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63400,63401,63417,63433],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63402,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63404,3497],{"class":73},[63,63406,674],{"class":82},[63,63408,102],{"class":73},[63,63410,105],{"class":82},[63,63412,102],{"class":73},[63,63414,518],{"class":82},[63,63416,3229],{"class":73},[63,63418,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63420,3497],{"class":73},[63,63422,674],{"class":82},[63,63424,102],{"class":73},[63,63426,105],{"class":82},[63,63428,102],{"class":73},[63,63430,518],{"class":82},[63,63432,3229],{"class":73},[63,63434,63435],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,63436,3638],{"class":3448},[20,63438,63439,63440,63442],{},"This means ",[15,63441,13948],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63444,63445,63446,63448],{},"However, this is only a ",[833,63447,12466],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[54,63450,63452],{"className":56,"code":63451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63453,63454,63480,63494,63498,63516,63520,63530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63455,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63457,11701],{"class":382},[63,63459,386],{"class":270},[63,63461,55911],{"class":73},[63,63463,674],{"class":82},[63,63465,102],{"class":73},[63,63467,105],{"class":82},[63,63469,17681],{"class":73},[63,63471,3216],{"class":73},[63,63473,715],{"class":82},[63,63475,102],{"class":73},[63,63477,2061],{"class":82},[63,63479,52859],{"class":73},[63,63481,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63483,13929],{"class":382},[63,63485,386],{"class":270},[63,63487,22180],{"class":417},[63,63489,74],{"class":73},[63,63491,11748],{"class":181},[63,63493,397],{"class":73},[63,63495,63496],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,63497,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,63499,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,63501,13948],{"class":382},[63,63503,3497],{"class":73},[63,63505,1734],{"class":82},[63,63507,13167],{"class":73},[63,63509,13170],{"class":181},[63,63511,74],{"class":73},[63,63513,55964],{"class":82},[63,63515,397],{"class":73},[63,63517,63518],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,63519,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,63521,63522,63524,63526,63528],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,63523,70],{"class":69},[63,63525,74],{"class":73},[63,63527,11748],{"class":181},[63,63529,397],{"class":73},[63,63531,63532,63534,63536,63538],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,63533,70],{"class":69},[63,63535,74],{"class":73},[63,63537,13948],{"class":181},[63,63539,397],{"class":73},[20,63541,110],{},[54,63543,63544],{"className":56,"code":55995,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,63545,63546,63572],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63547,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63549,56002],{"class":73},[63,63551,674],{"class":82},[63,63553,102],{"class":73},[63,63555,105],{"class":82},[63,63557,102],{"class":73},[63,63559,9808],{"class":82},[63,63561,17681],{"class":73},[63,63563,3216],{"class":73},[63,63565,715],{"class":82},[63,63567,102],{"class":73},[63,63569,2061],{"class":82},[63,63571,52859],{"class":73},[63,63573,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63575,56002],{"class":73},[63,63577,674],{"class":82},[63,63579,102],{"class":73},[63,63581,105],{"class":82},[63,63583,102],{"class":73},[63,63585,9808],{"class":82},[63,63587,17681],{"class":73},[63,63589,3216],{"class":73},[63,63591,715],{"class":82},[63,63593,102],{"class":73},[63,63595,2061],{"class":82},[63,63597,52859],{"class":73},[20,63599,63600],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63602,63603,63604,307],{},"For more on this, see ",[303,63605,13408],{"href":13407},[49,63607,63609],{"id":63608},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63611,63612,63613,307],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63614,24401],{},[1193,63616,63618],{"id":63617},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[54,63620,63622],{"className":56,"code":63621,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63623,63624,63664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63625,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63627,12479],{"class":382},[63,63629,386],{"class":270},[63,63631,10102],{"class":73},[63,63633,2455],{"class":448},[63,63635,7274],{"class":452},[63,63637,2455],{"class":448},[63,63639,2482],{"class":73},[63,63641,1375],{"class":448},[63,63643,7529],{"class":452},[63,63645,2455],{"class":448},[63,63647,102],{"class":73},[63,63649,1375],{"class":448},[63,63651,19511],{"class":452},[63,63653,2455],{"class":448},[63,63655,2482],{"class":73},[63,63657,1375],{"class":448},[63,63659,21865],{"class":452},[63,63661,2455],{"class":448},[63,63663,8919],{"class":73},[63,63665,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63667,70],{"class":69},[63,63669,74],{"class":73},[63,63671,7702],{"class":417},[63,63673,74],{"class":73},[63,63675,13243],{"class":181},[63,63677,86],{"class":73},[20,63679,110],{},[54,63681,63683],{"className":56,"code":63682,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63684,63685],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63686,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63688,3497],{"class":73},[63,63690,456],{"class":448},[63,63692,7274],{"class":452},[63,63694,456],{"class":448},[63,63696,102],{"class":73},[63,63698,449],{"class":448},[63,63700,19511],{"class":452},[63,63702,456],{"class":448},[63,63704,3229],{"class":73},[1193,63706,63708],{"id":63707},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[54,63710,63712],{"className":56,"code":63711,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63713,63714,63754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63715,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63717,12479],{"class":382},[63,63719,386],{"class":270},[63,63721,10102],{"class":73},[63,63723,2455],{"class":448},[63,63725,7274],{"class":452},[63,63727,2455],{"class":448},[63,63729,2482],{"class":73},[63,63731,1375],{"class":448},[63,63733,7529],{"class":452},[63,63735,2455],{"class":448},[63,63737,102],{"class":73},[63,63739,1375],{"class":448},[63,63741,19511],{"class":452},[63,63743,2455],{"class":448},[63,63745,2482],{"class":73},[63,63747,1375],{"class":448},[63,63749,21865],{"class":452},[63,63751,2455],{"class":448},[63,63753,8919],{"class":73},[63,63755,63756,63758,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63757,70],{"class":69},[63,63759,74],{"class":73},[63,63761,7702],{"class":417},[63,63763,74],{"class":73},[63,63765,13243],{"class":181},[63,63767,307],{"class":73},[63,63769,4961],{"class":181},[63,63771,5893],{"class":73},[20,63773,110],{},[54,63775,63777],{"className":56,"code":63776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63778,63779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63780,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63782,3497],{"class":73},[63,63784,456],{"class":448},[63,63786,7529],{"class":452},[63,63788,456],{"class":448},[63,63790,102],{"class":73},[63,63792,449],{"class":448},[63,63794,21865],{"class":452},[63,63796,456],{"class":448},[63,63798,3229],{"class":73},[1193,63800,63802],{"id":63801},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[54,63804,63806],{"className":56,"code":63805,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63807,63808,63848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63809,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63811,12479],{"class":382},[63,63813,386],{"class":270},[63,63815,10102],{"class":73},[63,63817,2455],{"class":448},[63,63819,7274],{"class":452},[63,63821,2455],{"class":448},[63,63823,2482],{"class":73},[63,63825,1375],{"class":448},[63,63827,7529],{"class":452},[63,63829,2455],{"class":448},[63,63831,102],{"class":73},[63,63833,1375],{"class":448},[63,63835,19511],{"class":452},[63,63837,2455],{"class":448},[63,63839,2482],{"class":73},[63,63841,1375],{"class":448},[63,63843,21865],{"class":452},[63,63845,2455],{"class":448},[63,63847,8919],{"class":73},[63,63849,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63851,70],{"class":69},[63,63853,74],{"class":73},[63,63855,7702],{"class":417},[63,63857,74],{"class":73},[63,63859,13243],{"class":181},[63,63861,307],{"class":73},[63,63863,7417],{"class":181},[63,63865,5893],{"class":73},[20,63867,110],{},[54,63869,63871],{"className":56,"code":63870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63872,63873],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63874,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63876,21360],{"class":73},[63,63878,456],{"class":448},[63,63880,7274],{"class":452},[63,63882,456],{"class":448},[63,63884,102],{"class":73},[63,63886,449],{"class":448},[63,63888,7529],{"class":452},[63,63890,456],{"class":448},[63,63892,8843],{"class":73},[63,63894,8846],{"class":73},[63,63896,456],{"class":448},[63,63898,19511],{"class":452},[63,63900,456],{"class":448},[63,63902,102],{"class":73},[63,63904,449],{"class":448},[63,63906,21865],{"class":452},[63,63908,456],{"class":448},[63,63910,8859],{"class":73},[20,63912,63913],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[49,63915,63917],{"id":63916},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63919,128,63920,10213],{},[15,63921,24401],{},[30,63923,63924,63932,63941],{},[33,63925,63926,63927,632,63929],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63928,52269],{},[15,63930,63931],{},"sort()",[33,63933,63934,63935,632,63937,63940],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63936,35822],{},[15,63938,63939],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,63942,63943],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63945,45658,63946,2482],{},[15,63947,63939],{},[54,63949,63951],{"className":56,"code":63950,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63952,63953,63977,63993,63997,64020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,63954,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,63956,4596],{"class":382},[63,63958,386],{"class":270},[63,63960,3216],{"class":73},[63,63962,2455],{"class":448},[63,63964,12496],{"class":452},[63,63966,2455],{"class":448},[63,63968,102],{"class":73},[63,63970,1375],{"class":448},[63,63972,35564],{"class":452},[63,63974,2455],{"class":448},[63,63976,3229],{"class":73},[63,63978,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,63980,4665],{"class":382},[63,63982,386],{"class":270},[63,63984,3216],{"class":73},[63,63986,13119],{"class":82},[63,63988,102],{"class":73},[63,63990,13124],{"class":82},[63,63992,3229],{"class":73},[63,63994,63995],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,63996,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,63998,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,64000,8825],{"class":382},[63,64002,386],{"class":270},[63,64004,22180],{"class":417},[63,64006,74],{"class":73},[63,64008,64009],{"class":69},"zip",[63,64011,74],{"class":73},[63,64013,4640],{"class":181},[63,64015,102],{"class":73},[63,64017,4712],{"class":181},[63,64019,86],{"class":73},[63,64021,64022,64024,64026,64028],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,64023,70],{"class":69},[63,64025,74],{"class":73},[63,64027,8872],{"class":181},[63,64029,397],{"class":73},[20,64031,110],{},[54,64033,64035],{"className":56,"code":64034,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64036,64037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64038,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64040,21360],{"class":73},[63,64042,456],{"class":448},[63,64044,12496],{"class":452},[63,64046,456],{"class":448},[63,64048,102],{"class":73},[63,64050,19518],{"class":82},[63,64052,8843],{"class":73},[63,64054,8846],{"class":73},[63,64056,456],{"class":448},[63,64058,35564],{"class":452},[63,64060,456],{"class":448},[63,64062,102],{"class":73},[63,64064,13124],{"class":82},[63,64066,8859],{"class":73},[20,64068,64069,64070,64072,64073,307],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64071,52269],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[303,64074,52666],{"href":52665},[49,64076,4119],{"id":4118},[20,64078,56393,64079,307],{},[15,64080,24401],{},[1193,64082,64084],{"id":64083},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64086,4126],{},[54,64088,64090],{"className":56,"code":64089,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64091,64092,64096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64093,64094],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64095,4136],{"class":1357},[63,64097,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,64099,7702],{"class":417},[63,64101,74],{"class":73},[63,64103,674],{"class":82},[63,64105,102],{"class":73},[63,64107,105],{"class":82},[63,64109,102],{"class":73},[63,64111,518],{"class":82},[63,64113,397],{"class":73},[20,64115,64116,64118],{},[15,64117,24401],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64120,18314],{},[54,64122,64124],{"className":56,"code":64123,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64125,64126],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64127,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64129,70],{"class":69},[63,64131,74],{"class":73},[63,64133,7702],{"class":417},[63,64135,5112],{"class":73},[63,64137,674],{"class":82},[63,64139,102],{"class":73},[63,64141,105],{"class":82},[63,64143,102],{"class":73},[63,64145,518],{"class":82},[63,64147,2510],{"class":73},[1193,64149,64151,64152],{"id":64150},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[63,64153,64154],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64156,64157],{},"This is a common surprise:",[54,64159,64161],{"className":56,"code":64160,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64162,64163],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64164,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64166,70],{"class":69},[63,64168,74],{"class":73},[63,64170,7702],{"class":417},[63,64172,74],{"class":73},[63,64174,2455],{"class":448},[63,64176,3441],{"class":452},[63,64178,2455],{"class":448},[63,64180,86],{"class":73},[20,64182,110],{},[54,64184,64186],{"className":56,"code":64185,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64187,64188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64189,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64191,3497],{"class":73},[63,64193,456],{"class":448},[63,64195,60057],{"class":452},[63,64197,456],{"class":448},[63,64199,102],{"class":73},[63,64201,449],{"class":448},[63,64203,60066],{"class":452},[63,64205,456],{"class":448},[63,64207,102],{"class":73},[63,64209,449],{"class":448},[63,64211,60075],{"class":452},[63,64213,456],{"class":448},[63,64215,102],{"class":73},[63,64217,449],{"class":448},[63,64219,60075],{"class":452},[63,64221,456],{"class":448},[63,64223,102],{"class":73},[63,64225,449],{"class":448},[63,64227,60092],{"class":452},[63,64229,456],{"class":448},[63,64231,3229],{"class":73},[20,64233,64234],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64236,64237],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[54,64239,64241],{"className":56,"code":64240,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64242,64243],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64244,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64246,70],{"class":69},[63,64248,2583],{"class":73},[63,64250,2455],{"class":448},[63,64252,3441],{"class":452},[63,64254,2455],{"class":448},[63,64256,191],{"class":73},[1193,64258,64260],{"id":64259},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64262,64263],{},"This:",[54,64265,64267],{"className":56,"code":64266,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64268,64269,64301],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64270,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64272,8775],{"class":382},[63,64274,386],{"class":270},[63,64276,10102],{"class":73},[63,64278,2455],{"class":448},[63,64280,303],{"class":452},[63,64282,2455],{"class":448},[63,64284,2482],{"class":73},[63,64286,249],{"class":82},[63,64288,102],{"class":73},[63,64290,1375],{"class":448},[63,64292,4362],{"class":452},[63,64294,2455],{"class":448},[63,64296,2482],{"class":73},[63,64298,105],{"class":82},[63,64300,8919],{"class":73},[63,64302,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,64304,70],{"class":69},[63,64306,74],{"class":73},[63,64308,7702],{"class":417},[63,64310,74],{"class":73},[63,64312,8814],{"class":181},[63,64314,86],{"class":73},[20,64316,64317],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64319,128,64320,64323],{},[15,64321,64322],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1193,64325,64327],{"id":64326},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64329,64330,64332],{},[15,64331,24401],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64334,64335],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[49,64337,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,64339,4781,64341,64343],{"id":64340},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[63,64342],{}," and list()?",[20,64345,64346,64347,64349,64350,64352],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64348,3382],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64351,24401],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1193,64354,64356],{"id":64355},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64358,64359,64360,64362],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64361,24401],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1193,64364,64366],{"id":64365},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64368,64369],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1193,64371,64373],{"id":64372},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64375,64376],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1193,64378,64380],{"id":64379},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64382,64383,64384,64386],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64385,24401],{}," cannot loop through it.",[49,64388,1517],{"id":1516},[30,64390,64391,64395,64400,64404,64408,64412,64416,64421],{},[33,64392,64393],{},[303,64394,52388],{"href":50595},[33,64396,64397],{},[303,64398,64399],{"href":35819},"Python range() function explained",[33,64401,64402],{},[303,64403,62837],{"href":62836},[33,64405,64406],{},[303,64407,63169],{"href":63168},[33,64409,64410],{},[303,64411,4818],{"href":5188},[33,64413,64414],{},[303,64415,13408],{"href":13407},[33,64417,64418],{},[303,64419,64420],{"href":52216},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64422,64423],{},[303,64424,53895],{"href":52665},[1542,64426,64427],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":64429},[64430,64431,64432,64433,64434,64441,64442,64443,64448,64449,64456,64464],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":62539,"depth":89,"text":62540},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":59238,"depth":89,"text":59239},{"id":62767,"depth":89,"text":62768,"children":64435},[64436,64437,64438,64439,64440],{"id":62771,"depth":254,"text":62772},{"id":62840,"depth":254,"text":62841},{"id":62918,"depth":254,"text":62919},{"id":62993,"depth":254,"text":62994},{"id":63060,"depth":254,"text":63061},{"id":63172,"depth":89,"text":63173},{"id":63308,"depth":89,"text":63309},{"id":63608,"depth":89,"text":63609,"children":64444},[64445,64446,64447],{"id":63617,"depth":254,"text":63618},{"id":63707,"depth":254,"text":63708},{"id":63801,"depth":254,"text":63802},{"id":63916,"depth":89,"text":63917},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":64450},[64451,64452,64454,64455],{"id":64083,"depth":254,"text":64084},{"id":64150,"depth":254,"text":64453},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64259,"depth":254,"text":64260},{"id":64326,"depth":254,"text":64327},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":64457},[64458,64460,64461,64462,64463],{"id":64340,"depth":254,"text":64459},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64355,"depth":254,"text":64356},{"id":64365,"depth":254,"text":64366},{"id":64372,"depth":254,"text":64373},{"id":64379,"depth":254,"text":64380},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62373,"description":64465},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64472,"title":64473,"body":64474,"description":65823,"extension":1580,"meta":65824,"navigation":579,"path":65825,"seo":65826,"stem":65827,"__hash__":65828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64475,"toc":65797},[64476,64481,64487,64496,64498,64571,64580,64585,64589,64605,64609,64611,64613,64632,64635,64663,64666,64691,64699,64701,64706,64713,64715,64772,64774,64782,64788,64792,64795,64868,64870,64878,64881,64904,64911,64917,64921,64927,64998,65000,65008,65017,65024,65031,65039,65183,65185,65202,65204,65243,65246,65250,65255,65257,65316,65322,65325,65432,65434,65449,65452,65459,65461,65465,65612,65615,65676,65679,65682,65703,65708,65712,65723,65726,65728,65733,65736,65744,65749,65755,65758,65764,65772,65774,65794],[10,64477,53959,64479,10935],{"id":64478},"python-list-index-method",[15,64480,58586],{},[20,64482,64483,64486],{},[15,64484,64485],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64488,64489,64490,64493,64494,307],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[833,64491,64492],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64495,40326],{},[49,64497,3201],{"id":3200},[54,64499,64501],{"className":56,"code":64500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64502,64503,64535,64558],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64504,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64506,7386],{"class":382},[63,64508,386],{"class":270},[63,64510,3216],{"class":73},[63,64512,2455],{"class":448},[63,64514,3677],{"class":452},[63,64516,2455],{"class":448},[63,64518,102],{"class":73},[63,64520,1375],{"class":448},[63,64522,3686],{"class":452},[63,64524,2455],{"class":448},[63,64526,102],{"class":73},[63,64528,1375],{"class":448},[63,64530,3695],{"class":452},[63,64532,2455],{"class":448},[63,64534,3229],{"class":73},[63,64536,64537,64540,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,64538,64539],{"class":382},"position ",[63,64541,386],{"class":270},[63,64543,5568],{"class":382},[63,64545,307],{"class":73},[63,64547,35469],{"class":181},[63,64549,74],{"class":73},[63,64551,2455],{"class":448},[63,64553,3686],{"class":452},[63,64555,2455],{"class":448},[63,64557,397],{"class":73},[63,64559,64560,64562,64564,64567,64569],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,64561,70],{"class":69},[63,64563,74],{"class":73},[63,64565,64566],{"class":181},"position",[63,64568,3256],{"class":73},[63,64570,27400],{"class":1357},[20,64572,128,64573,64576,64577,64579],{},[15,64574,64575],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64578,40326],{}," if the item is not found.",[49,64581,138,64583,141],{"id":64582},"what-listindex-does",[15,64584,64485],{},[20,64586,64587,2482],{},[15,64588,64485],{},[30,64590,64591,64594,64597,64602],{},[33,64592,64593],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,64595,64596],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,64598,64599,64600],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64601,1734],{},[33,64603,64604],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64606,54184,64607,307],{},[303,64608,52388],{"href":54187},[49,64610,164],{"id":163},[20,64612,30346],{},[54,64614,64616],{"className":56,"code":64615,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64617,64618],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64619,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64621,7948],{"class":382},[63,64623,307],{"class":73},[63,64625,35469],{"class":181},[63,64627,74],{"class":73},[63,64629,1002],{"class":181},[63,64631,397],{"class":73},[20,64633,64634],{},"You can also limit the search:",[54,64636,64638],{"className":56,"code":64637,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64639,64640],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64641,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64661],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64643,7948],{"class":382},[63,64645,307],{"class":73},[63,64647,35469],{"class":181},[63,64649,74],{"class":73},[63,64651,1002],{"class":181},[63,64653,102],{"class":73},[63,64655,35675],{"class":181},[63,64657,102],{"class":73},[63,64659,64660],{"class":181}," end",[63,64662,397],{"class":73},[20,64664,64665],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,64667,64668,64673,64678,64683],{},[33,64669,64670,64672],{},[15,64671,1002],{},": the item to search for",[33,64674,64675,64677],{},[15,64676,35696],{},": where the search begins",[33,64679,64680,64682],{},[15,64681,52277],{},": where the search stops",[33,64684,64685,4385,64687,64690],{},[15,64686,52277],{},[833,64688,64689],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64692,64693,64694,64696,64697,307],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64695,35696],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64698,52277],{},[49,64700,37646],{"id":37645},[20,64702,64703,64705],{},[15,64704,64485],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64707,64708,64709,64712],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[833,64710,64711],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64714,1820],{},[54,64716,64718],{"className":56,"code":64717,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64719,64720,64740,64758,64762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64721,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64723,3211],{"class":382},[63,64725,386],{"class":270},[63,64727,3216],{"class":73},[63,64729,1940],{"class":82},[63,64731,102],{"class":73},[63,64733,7397],{"class":82},[63,64735,102],{"class":73},[63,64737,7402],{"class":82},[63,64739,3229],{"class":73},[63,64741,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,64743,383],{"class":382},[63,64745,386],{"class":270},[63,64747,3862],{"class":382},[63,64749,307],{"class":73},[63,64751,35469],{"class":181},[63,64753,74],{"class":73},[63,64755,15373],{"class":82},[63,64757,397],{"class":73},[63,64759,64760],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,64761,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,64763,64764,64766,64768,64770],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,64765,70],{"class":69},[63,64767,74],{"class":73},[63,64769,406],{"class":181},[63,64771,397],{"class":73},[20,64773,110],{},[54,64775,64776],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,64777,64778],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64779,64780],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64781,46534],{"class":82},[20,64783,64784,64785,64787],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64786,58586],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[49,64789,64791],{"id":64790},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64793,64794],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[54,64796,64798],{"className":56,"code":64797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64799,64800,64832,64854,64858],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64801,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64803,35863],{"class":382},[63,64805,386],{"class":270},[63,64807,3216],{"class":73},[63,64809,2455],{"class":448},[63,64811,3677],{"class":452},[63,64813,2455],{"class":448},[63,64815,102],{"class":73},[63,64817,1375],{"class":448},[63,64819,3686],{"class":452},[63,64821,2455],{"class":448},[63,64823,102],{"class":73},[63,64825,1375],{"class":448},[63,64827,3695],{"class":452},[63,64829,2455],{"class":448},[63,64831,3229],{"class":73},[63,64833,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,64835,64539],{"class":382},[63,64837,386],{"class":270},[63,64839,52468],{"class":382},[63,64841,307],{"class":73},[63,64843,35469],{"class":181},[63,64845,74],{"class":73},[63,64847,2455],{"class":448},[63,64849,3695],{"class":452},[63,64851,2455],{"class":448},[63,64853,397],{"class":73},[63,64855,64856],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,64857,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,64859,64860,64862,64864,64866],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,64861,70],{"class":69},[63,64863,74],{"class":73},[63,64865,64566],{"class":181},[63,64867,397],{"class":73},[20,64869,110],{},[54,64871,64872],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,64873,64874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64875,64876],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64877,824],{"class":82},[20,64879,64880],{},"In this list:",[30,64882,64883,64890,64897],{},[33,64884,64885,64887,64888],{},[15,64886,57451],{}," is at index ",[15,64889,1734],{},[33,64891,64892,64887,64895],{},[15,64893,64894],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64896,674],{},[33,64898,64899,64887,64902],{},[15,64900,64901],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64903,274],{},[20,64905,53270,64906,2004,64909,307],{},[15,64907,64908],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64910,274],{},[20,64912,51159,64913,307],{},[303,64914,64916],{"href":64915},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[49,64918,64920],{"id":64919},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64922,64923,64924,64926],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64925,58586],{}," returns the first match only.",[54,64928,64930],{"className":56,"code":64929,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64931,64932,64972,64976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64933,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64935,12692],{"class":382},[63,64937,386],{"class":270},[63,64939,3216],{"class":73},[63,64941,2455],{"class":448},[63,64943,12709],{"class":452},[63,64945,2455],{"class":448},[63,64947,102],{"class":73},[63,64949,1375],{"class":448},[63,64951,12726],{"class":452},[63,64953,2455],{"class":448},[63,64955,102],{"class":73},[63,64957,1375],{"class":448},[63,64959,12709],{"class":452},[63,64961,2455],{"class":448},[63,64963,102],{"class":73},[63,64965,1375],{"class":448},[63,64967,17074],{"class":452},[63,64969,2455],{"class":448},[63,64971,3229],{"class":73},[63,64973,64974],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,64975,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,64977,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,64979,70],{"class":69},[63,64981,74],{"class":73},[63,64983,17121],{"class":181},[63,64985,307],{"class":73},[63,64987,35469],{"class":181},[63,64989,74],{"class":73},[63,64991,2455],{"class":448},[63,64993,12709],{"class":452},[63,64995,2455],{"class":448},[63,64997,86],{"class":73},[20,64999,110],{},[54,65001,65002],{"className":56,"code":46869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,65003,65004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65005,65006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65007,46869],{"class":82},[20,65009,20597,65010,65013,65014,65016],{},[15,65011,65012],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65015,1734],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65018,65019,65020,307],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[303,65021,55137,65022,10352],{"href":58645},[15,65023,56908],{},[49,65025,311,65027,3993,65029],{"id":65026},"using-start-and-end",[15,65028,35696],{},[15,65030,52277],{},[20,65032,65033,65034,3993,65036,65038],{},"The optional ",[15,65035,35696],{},[15,65037,52277],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[54,65040,65042],{"className":56,"code":65041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65043,65044,65092,65096,65121,65150],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65045,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65047,35714],{"class":382},[63,65049,386],{"class":270},[63,65051,3216],{"class":73},[63,65053,2455],{"class":448},[63,65055,303],{"class":452},[63,65057,2455],{"class":448},[63,65059,102],{"class":73},[63,65061,1375],{"class":448},[63,65063,4362],{"class":452},[63,65065,2455],{"class":448},[63,65067,102],{"class":73},[63,65069,1375],{"class":448},[63,65071,9350],{"class":452},[63,65073,2455],{"class":448},[63,65075,102],{"class":73},[63,65077,1375],{"class":448},[63,65079,4362],{"class":452},[63,65081,2455],{"class":448},[63,65083,102],{"class":73},[63,65085,1375],{"class":448},[63,65087,18387],{"class":452},[63,65089,2455],{"class":448},[63,65091,3229],{"class":73},[63,65093,65094],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,65095,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,65097,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,65099,70],{"class":69},[63,65101,74],{"class":73},[63,65103,35767],{"class":181},[63,65105,307],{"class":73},[63,65107,35469],{"class":181},[63,65109,74],{"class":73},[63,65111,2455],{"class":448},[63,65113,4362],{"class":452},[63,65115,2455],{"class":448},[63,65117,4964],{"class":73},[63,65119,65120],{"class":1357},"        # first match\n",[63,65122,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,65124,70],{"class":69},[63,65126,74],{"class":73},[63,65128,35767],{"class":181},[63,65130,307],{"class":73},[63,65132,35469],{"class":181},[63,65134,74],{"class":73},[63,65136,2455],{"class":448},[63,65138,4362],{"class":452},[63,65140,2455],{"class":448},[63,65142,102],{"class":73},[63,65144,105],{"class":82},[63,65146,4964],{"class":73},[63,65148,65149],{"class":1357},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[63,65151,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,65153,70],{"class":69},[63,65155,74],{"class":73},[63,65157,35767],{"class":181},[63,65159,307],{"class":73},[63,65161,35469],{"class":181},[63,65163,74],{"class":73},[63,65165,2455],{"class":448},[63,65167,4362],{"class":452},[63,65169,2455],{"class":448},[63,65171,102],{"class":73},[63,65173,249],{"class":82},[63,65175,102],{"class":73},[63,65177,2061],{"class":82},[63,65179,4964],{"class":73},[63,65181,65182],{"class":1357},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65184,110],{},[54,65186,65188],{"className":56,"code":65187,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65189,65190,65194,65198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65191,65192],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65193,46534],{"class":82},[63,65195,65196],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,65197,120],{"class":82},[63,65199,65200],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,65201,46534],{"class":82},[20,65203,741],{},[30,65205,65206,65218,65231],{},[33,65207,65208,65211,65212,65215,65216],{},[15,65209,65210],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65213,65214],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65217,674],{},[33,65219,65220,65223,65224,65226,65227,65215,65229],{},[15,65221,65222],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65225,274],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65228,65214],{},[15,65230,715],{},[33,65232,65233,65236,65237,1801,65239,16690,65241],{},[15,65234,65235],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65238,674],{},[15,65240,274],{},[15,65242,715],{},[20,65244,65245],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[49,65247,65249],{"id":65248},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65251,65252,65253,307],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65254,40326],{},[20,65256,1820],{},[54,65258,65260],{"className":56,"code":65259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65261,65262,65294],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65263,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65265,7386],{"class":382},[63,65267,386],{"class":270},[63,65269,3216],{"class":73},[63,65271,2455],{"class":448},[63,65273,3677],{"class":452},[63,65275,2455],{"class":448},[63,65277,102],{"class":73},[63,65279,1375],{"class":448},[63,65281,3686],{"class":452},[63,65283,2455],{"class":448},[63,65285,102],{"class":73},[63,65287,1375],{"class":448},[63,65289,3695],{"class":452},[63,65291,2455],{"class":448},[63,65293,3229],{"class":73},[63,65295,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,65297,70],{"class":69},[63,65299,74],{"class":73},[63,65301,7417],{"class":181},[63,65303,307],{"class":73},[63,65305,35469],{"class":181},[63,65307,74],{"class":73},[63,65309,2455],{"class":448},[63,65311,32843],{"class":452},[63,65313,2455],{"class":448},[63,65315,86],{"class":73},[20,65317,39280,65318,65321],{},[15,65319,65320],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65323,65324],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[54,65326,65328],{"className":56,"code":65327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65329,65330,65362,65375,65379,65392,65411,65417],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65331,65332,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65333,7386],{"class":382},[63,65335,386],{"class":270},[63,65337,3216],{"class":73},[63,65339,2455],{"class":448},[63,65341,3677],{"class":452},[63,65343,2455],{"class":448},[63,65345,102],{"class":73},[63,65347,1375],{"class":448},[63,65349,3686],{"class":452},[63,65351,2455],{"class":448},[63,65353,102],{"class":73},[63,65355,1375],{"class":448},[63,65357,3695],{"class":452},[63,65359,2455],{"class":448},[63,65361,3229],{"class":73},[63,65363,65364,65367,65369,65371,65373],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,65365,65366],{"class":382},"search_value ",[63,65368,386],{"class":270},[63,65370,1375],{"class":448},[63,65372,32843],{"class":452},[63,65374,1381],{"class":448},[63,65376,65377],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,65378,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,65380,65381,65383,65386,65388,65390],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,65382,6602],{"class":3473},[63,65384,65385],{"class":382}," search_value ",[63,65387,3480],{"class":270},[63,65389,5568],{"class":382},[63,65391,5996],{"class":73},[63,65393,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65409],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,65395,7677],{"class":69},[63,65397,74],{"class":73},[63,65399,7417],{"class":181},[63,65401,307],{"class":73},[63,65403,35469],{"class":181},[63,65405,74],{"class":73},[63,65407,65408],{"class":181},"search_value",[63,65410,86],{"class":73},[63,65412,65413,65415],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,65414,27054],{"class":3473},[63,65416,5996],{"class":73},[63,65418,65419,65421,65423,65425,65428,65430],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,65420,7677],{"class":69},[63,65422,74],{"class":73},[63,65424,2455],{"class":448},[63,65426,65427],{"class":452},"Item not found",[63,65429,2455],{"class":448},[63,65431,397],{"class":73},[20,65433,110],{},[54,65435,65437],{"className":56,"code":65436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Item not found\n",[15,65438,65439],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65440,65441,65444,65446],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65442,65443],{"class":382},"Item ",[63,65445,973],{"class":270},[63,65447,65448],{"class":382}," found\n",[20,65450,65451],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65453,65454,65455,307],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[303,65456,65458],{"href":65457},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[49,65460,4119],{"id":4118},[20,65462,20831,65463,2482],{},[15,65464,64485],{},[30,65466,65467,65484,65496,65556],{},[33,65468,25394,65469,2004,65471,65473,65474,65476,65477,4763,65479,65481,65482,307],{},[15,65470,58586],{},[15,65472,748],{}," if the item is missing",[9457,65475],{},"\nPython does ",[833,65478,973],{},[15,65480,748],{},". It raises ",[15,65483,40326],{},[33,65485,65486,65487,65489,65492,65493,65495],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9457,65488],{},[15,65490,65491],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65494,64894],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65497,311,65498,10704,65501,65503,65505,65506,16274,65508,65531,16262,65533],{},[15,65499,65500],{},"index[]",[15,65502,58586],{},[9457,65504],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9457,65507],{},[54,65509,65511],{"className":56,"code":65510,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65512,65513],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65514,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65516,7417],{"class":382},[63,65518,307],{"class":73},[63,65520,35469],{"class":181},[63,65522,74],{"class":73},[63,65524,2455],{"class":448},[63,65526,3686],{"class":452},[63,65528,2455],{"class":448},[63,65530,397],{"class":73},[9457,65532],{},[54,65534,65536],{"className":56,"code":65535,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65537,65538],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65539,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65541,7417],{"class":382},[63,65543,307],{"class":73},[63,65545,35469],{"class":24370},[63,65547,3497],{"class":73},[63,65549,2455],{"class":448},[63,65551,3686],{"class":452},[63,65553,2455],{"class":448},[63,65555,3229],{"class":73},[33,65557,65558,65559,65561,3993,65564,65566,65567],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9457,65560],{},[15,65562,65563],{},"\"3\"",[15,65565,715],{}," are different values in Python.",[54,65568,65570],{"className":56,"code":65569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65571,65572,65592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65573,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65575,3211],{"class":382},[63,65577,386],{"class":270},[63,65579,3216],{"class":73},[63,65581,674],{"class":82},[63,65583,102],{"class":73},[63,65585,105],{"class":82},[63,65587,102],{"class":73},[63,65589,518],{"class":82},[63,65591,3229],{"class":73},[63,65593,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,65595,70],{"class":69},[63,65597,74],{"class":73},[63,65599,2455],{"class":448},[63,65601,715],{"class":452},[63,65603,2455],{"class":448},[63,65605,20793],{"class":3473},[63,65607,3862],{"class":181},[63,65609,3256],{"class":73},[63,65611,4373],{"class":1357},[20,65613,65614],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[54,65616,65618],{"className":56,"code":65617,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65619,65620,65630,65644,65658],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65621,65622,65624,65626,65628],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65623,70],{"class":69},[63,65625,74],{"class":73},[63,65627,7948],{"class":181},[63,65629,397],{"class":73},[63,65631,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,65633,70],{"class":69},[63,65635,74],{"class":73},[63,65637,418],{"class":417},[63,65639,74],{"class":73},[63,65641,65408],{"class":181},[63,65643,86],{"class":73},[63,65645,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,65647,70],{"class":69},[63,65649,74],{"class":73},[63,65651,65366],{"class":181},[63,65653,3480],{"class":3473},[63,65655,8005],{"class":181},[63,65657,397],{"class":73},[63,65659,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,65661,70],{"class":69},[63,65663,74],{"class":73},[63,65665,7948],{"class":181},[63,65667,307],{"class":73},[63,65669,35469],{"class":181},[63,65671,74],{"class":73},[63,65673,65408],{"class":181},[63,65675,86],{"class":73},[20,65677,65678],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65680,65681],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,65683,65684,65687,65694,65700],{},[33,65685,65686],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,65688,65689,65690,10704,65692],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65691,65563],{},[15,65693,715],{},[33,65695,65696,65697,65699],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65698,58586],{}," returns only the first one",[33,65701,65702],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[49,65704,1114,65706],{"id":65705},"when-to-use-index",[15,65707,58586],{},[20,65709,128,65710,10213],{},[15,65711,58586],{},[30,65713,65714,65717,65720],{},[33,65715,65716],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,65718,65719],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,65721,65722],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65724,65725],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[49,65727,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,65729,4744,65731,4747],{"id":65730},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65732,64485],{},[20,65734,65735],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1193,65737,1459,65739,4763,65741,65743],{"id":65738},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65740,64485],{},[15,65742,748],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65745,65746,65747,6235],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65748,40326],{},[1193,65750,1482,65752,65754],{"id":65751},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65753,64485],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65756,65757],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1193,65759,65761,65762,1506],{"id":65760},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65763,58586],{},[20,65765,65766,65767,3993,65769,65771],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65768,35696],{},[15,65770,52277],{}," arguments.",[49,65773,1517],{"id":1516},[30,65775,65776,65780,65784,65788],{},[33,65777,65778],{},[303,65779,58574],{"href":64915},[33,65781,65782],{},[303,65783,52388],{"href":54187},[33,65785,65786],{},[303,65787,65458],{"href":65457},[33,65789,65790],{},[303,65791,55137,65792,10352],{"href":58645},[15,65793,56908],{},[1542,65795,65796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":65798},[65799,65800,65802,65803,65804,65805,65806,65808,65809,65810,65812,65822],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":64582,"depth":89,"text":65801},"What list.index() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":37645,"depth":89,"text":37646},{"id":64790,"depth":89,"text":64791},{"id":64919,"depth":89,"text":64920},{"id":65026,"depth":89,"text":65807},"Using start and end",{"id":65248,"depth":89,"text":65249},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119},{"id":65705,"depth":89,"text":65811},"When to use index()",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":65813},[65814,65816,65818,65820],{"id":65730,"depth":254,"text":65815},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65738,"depth":254,"text":65817},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65751,"depth":254,"text":65819},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65760,"depth":254,"text":65821},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64473,"description":65823},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65830,"title":65831,"body":65832,"description":67774,"extension":1580,"meta":67775,"navigation":579,"path":67776,"seo":67777,"stem":67778,"__hash__":67779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65833,"toc":67734},[65834,65839,65844,65847,65856,65913,65919,65924,65928,65942,65948,65950,65973,65990,65992,66053,66055,66087,66100,66102,66105,66205,66207,66285,66291,66295,66303,66307,66313,66368,66370,66394,66398,66401,66454,66456,66480,66484,66487,66540,66542,66566,66570,66576,66647,66649,66690,66696,66703,66706,66711,66719,66724,66732,66734,66831,66833,66902,66909,66914,66916,66920,66925,66927,66998,67000,67029,67035,67037,67064,67067,67090,67094,67097,67119,67122,67145,67147,67207,67209,67241,67247,67252,67305,67307,67332,67335,67384,67386,67407,67411,67416,67419,67474,67476,67503,67510,67514,67519,67590,67593,67607,67612,67617,67619,67633,67645,67650,67652,67657,67662,67666,67669,67675,67681,67688,67696,67698,67731],[10,65835,53959,65837,10935],{"id":65836},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65838,53885],{},[20,65840,65841,65843],{},[15,65842,53528],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65845,65846],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65848,128,65849,65851,65852,307],{},[15,65850,53885],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[303,65853,55137,65854,10352],{"href":56386},[15,65855,52269],{},[54,65857,65859],{"className":56,"code":65858,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65860,65861,65881,65899,65909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65862,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65864,3211],{"class":382},[63,65866,386],{"class":270},[63,65868,3216],{"class":73},[63,65870,674],{"class":82},[63,65872,102],{"class":73},[63,65874,105],{"class":82},[63,65876,102],{"class":73},[63,65878,2061],{"class":82},[63,65880,3229],{"class":73},[63,65882,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,65884,3243],{"class":382},[63,65886,307],{"class":73},[63,65888,53568],{"class":181},[63,65890,74],{"class":73},[63,65892,274],{"class":82},[63,65894,102],{"class":73},[63,65896,518],{"class":82},[63,65898,397],{"class":73},[63,65900,65901,65903,65905,65907],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,65902,70],{"class":69},[63,65904,74],{"class":73},[63,65906,3243],{"class":181},[63,65908,397],{"class":73},[63,65910,65911],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,65912,52340],{"class":1357},[20,65914,128,65915,65918],{},[15,65916,65917],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[49,65920,138,65922,141],{"id":65921},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65923,53528],{},[20,65925,65926,2482],{},[15,65927,53528],{},[30,65929,65930,65933,65936,65938],{},[33,65931,65932],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,65934,65935],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,65937,54045],{},[33,65939,11037,65940],{},[15,65941,3373],{},[20,65943,65944,65945,65947],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65946,53885],{}," does not create a new list.",[49,65949,5034],{"id":5033},[54,65951,65953],{"className":56,"code":65952,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65954,65955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65956,65957,65959,65961,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65958,7948],{"class":382},[63,65960,307],{"class":73},[63,65962,53568],{"class":181},[63,65964,74],{"class":73},[63,65966,35469],{"class":181},[63,65968,102],{"class":73},[63,65970,29127],{"class":181},[63,65972,397],{"class":73},[30,65974,65975,65980,65985],{},[33,65976,65977,65979],{},[15,65978,35469],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,65981,65982,65984],{},[15,65983,22930],{}," is the value to add",[33,65986,65987,65988],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65989,1734],{},[20,65991,1820],{},[54,65993,65995],{"className":56,"code":65994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65996,65997,66021,66043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65998,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66000,35714],{"class":382},[63,66002,386],{"class":270},[63,66004,3216],{"class":73},[63,66006,2455],{"class":448},[63,66008,303],{"class":452},[63,66010,2455],{"class":448},[63,66012,102],{"class":73},[63,66014,1375],{"class":448},[63,66016,9350],{"class":452},[63,66018,2455],{"class":448},[63,66020,3229],{"class":73},[63,66022,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66024,35767],{"class":382},[63,66026,307],{"class":73},[63,66028,53568],{"class":181},[63,66030,74],{"class":73},[63,66032,674],{"class":82},[63,66034,102],{"class":73},[63,66036,1375],{"class":448},[63,66038,4362],{"class":452},[63,66040,2455],{"class":448},[63,66042,397],{"class":73},[63,66044,66045,66047,66049,66051],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,66046,70],{"class":69},[63,66048,74],{"class":73},[63,66050,35767],{"class":181},[63,66052,397],{"class":73},[20,66054,110],{},[54,66056,66057],{"className":56,"code":42492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,66058,66059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66060,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069,66071,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66062,3497],{"class":73},[63,66064,456],{"class":448},[63,66066,303],{"class":452},[63,66068,456],{"class":448},[63,66070,102],{"class":73},[63,66072,449],{"class":448},[63,66074,4362],{"class":452},[63,66076,456],{"class":448},[63,66078,102],{"class":73},[63,66080,449],{"class":448},[63,66082,9350],{"class":452},[63,66084,456],{"class":448},[63,66086,3229],{"class":73},[20,66088,20390,66089,66091,66092,66094,66095,3993,66097,307],{},[15,66090,65214],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66093,674],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66096,17715],{},[15,66098,66099],{},"\"c\"",[49,66101,5389],{"id":5388},[20,66103,66104],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[54,66106,66108],{"className":56,"code":66107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66109,66110,66142,66160,66164,66186],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66111,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66113,12692],{"class":382},[63,66115,386],{"class":270},[63,66117,3216],{"class":73},[63,66119,2455],{"class":448},[63,66121,12709],{"class":452},[63,66123,2455],{"class":448},[63,66125,102],{"class":73},[63,66127,1375],{"class":448},[63,66129,12726],{"class":452},[63,66131,2455],{"class":448},[63,66133,102],{"class":73},[63,66135,1375],{"class":448},[63,66137,17074],{"class":452},[63,66139,2455],{"class":448},[63,66141,3229],{"class":73},[63,66143,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156,66158],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66145,70],{"class":69},[63,66147,74],{"class":73},[63,66149,2455],{"class":448},[63,66151,11178],{"class":452},[63,66153,2455],{"class":448},[63,66155,102],{"class":73},[63,66157,12740],{"class":181},[63,66159,397],{"class":73},[63,66161,66162],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,66163,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,66165,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,66167,17121],{"class":382},[63,66169,307],{"class":73},[63,66171,53568],{"class":181},[63,66173,74],{"class":73},[63,66175,674],{"class":82},[63,66177,102],{"class":73},[63,66179,1375],{"class":448},[63,66181,22144],{"class":452},[63,66183,2455],{"class":448},[63,66185,397],{"class":73},[63,66187,66188,66190,66192,66194,66197,66199,66201,66203],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,66189,70],{"class":69},[63,66191,74],{"class":73},[63,66193,2455],{"class":448},[63,66195,66196],{"class":452},"After: ",[63,66198,2455],{"class":448},[63,66200,102],{"class":73},[63,66202,12740],{"class":181},[63,66204,397],{"class":73},[20,66206,110],{},[54,66208,66210],{"className":56,"code":66209,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66211,66212,66244],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66213,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66215,11238],{"class":382},[63,66217,2482],{"class":73},[63,66219,3216],{"class":73},[63,66221,456],{"class":448},[63,66223,12709],{"class":452},[63,66225,456],{"class":448},[63,66227,102],{"class":73},[63,66229,449],{"class":448},[63,66231,12726],{"class":452},[63,66233,456],{"class":448},[63,66235,102],{"class":73},[63,66237,449],{"class":448},[63,66239,17074],{"class":452},[63,66241,456],{"class":448},[63,66243,3229],{"class":73},[63,66245,66246,66248,66250,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66247,11291],{"class":382},[63,66249,2482],{"class":73},[63,66251,66252],{"class":73},"  [",[63,66254,456],{"class":448},[63,66256,12709],{"class":452},[63,66258,456],{"class":448},[63,66260,102],{"class":73},[63,66262,449],{"class":448},[63,66264,22144],{"class":452},[63,66266,456],{"class":448},[63,66268,102],{"class":73},[63,66270,449],{"class":448},[63,66272,12726],{"class":452},[63,66274,456],{"class":448},[63,66276,102],{"class":73},[63,66278,449],{"class":448},[63,66280,17074],{"class":452},[63,66282,456],{"class":448},[63,66284,3229],{"class":73},[20,66286,66287,66288,66290],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66289,674],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[49,66292,66294],{"id":66293},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66296,1597,66297,34952,66299,66302],{},[15,66298,35469],{},[15,66300,66301],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1193,66304,66306],{"id":66305},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66308,66309,66310,66312],{},"Use index ",[15,66311,1734],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[54,66314,66316],{"className":56,"code":66315,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66317,66318,66339,66358],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66319,66320,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66321,66322],{"class":382},"nums ",[63,66324,386],{"class":270},[63,66326,3216],{"class":73},[63,66328,274],{"class":82},[63,66330,102],{"class":73},[63,66332,518],{"class":82},[63,66334,102],{"class":73},[63,66336,2061],{"class":82},[63,66338,3229],{"class":73},[63,66340,66341,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66342,66343],{"class":382},"nums",[63,66345,307],{"class":73},[63,66347,53568],{"class":181},[63,66349,74],{"class":73},[63,66351,1734],{"class":82},[63,66353,102],{"class":73},[63,66355,249],{"class":82},[63,66357,397],{"class":73},[63,66359,66360,66362,66364,66366],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,66361,70],{"class":69},[63,66363,74],{"class":73},[63,66365,66343],{"class":181},[63,66367,397],{"class":73},[20,66369,110],{},[54,66371,66372],{"className":56,"code":53122,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,66373,66374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66375,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66377,3497],{"class":73},[63,66379,674],{"class":82},[63,66381,102],{"class":73},[63,66383,105],{"class":82},[63,66385,102],{"class":73},[63,66387,518],{"class":82},[63,66389,102],{"class":73},[63,66391,2061],{"class":82},[63,66393,3229],{"class":73},[1193,66395,66397],{"id":66396},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66399,66400],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[54,66402,66404],{"className":56,"code":66403,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66405,66406,66426,66444],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66407,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66409,66322],{"class":382},[63,66411,386],{"class":270},[63,66413,3216],{"class":73},[63,66415,674],{"class":82},[63,66417,102],{"class":73},[63,66419,105],{"class":82},[63,66421,102],{"class":73},[63,66423,2061],{"class":82},[63,66425,3229],{"class":73},[63,66427,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66429,66343],{"class":382},[63,66431,307],{"class":73},[63,66433,53568],{"class":181},[63,66435,74],{"class":73},[63,66437,274],{"class":82},[63,66439,102],{"class":73},[63,66441,518],{"class":82},[63,66443,397],{"class":73},[63,66445,66446,66448,66450,66452],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,66447,70],{"class":69},[63,66449,74],{"class":73},[63,66451,66343],{"class":181},[63,66453,397],{"class":73},[20,66455,110],{},[54,66457,66458],{"className":56,"code":53122,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,66459,66460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66461,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66463,3497],{"class":73},[63,66465,674],{"class":82},[63,66467,102],{"class":73},[63,66469,105],{"class":82},[63,66471,102],{"class":73},[63,66473,518],{"class":82},[63,66475,102],{"class":73},[63,66477,2061],{"class":82},[63,66479,3229],{"class":73},[1193,66481,66483],{"id":66482},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66485,66486],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[54,66488,66490],{"className":56,"code":66489,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66491,66492,66512,66530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66493,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66495,66322],{"class":382},[63,66497,386],{"class":270},[63,66499,3216],{"class":73},[63,66501,674],{"class":82},[63,66503,102],{"class":73},[63,66505,105],{"class":82},[63,66507,102],{"class":73},[63,66509,518],{"class":82},[63,66511,3229],{"class":73},[63,66513,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66515,66343],{"class":382},[63,66517,307],{"class":73},[63,66519,53568],{"class":181},[63,66521,74],{"class":73},[63,66523,1940],{"class":82},[63,66525,102],{"class":73},[63,66527,2061],{"class":82},[63,66529,397],{"class":73},[63,66531,66532,66534,66536,66538],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,66533,70],{"class":69},[63,66535,74],{"class":73},[63,66537,66343],{"class":181},[63,66539,397],{"class":73},[20,66541,110],{},[54,66543,66544],{"className":56,"code":53122,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,66545,66546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66547,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66549,3497],{"class":73},[63,66551,674],{"class":82},[63,66553,102],{"class":73},[63,66555,105],{"class":82},[63,66557,102],{"class":73},[63,66559,518],{"class":82},[63,66561,102],{"class":73},[63,66563,2061],{"class":82},[63,66565,3229],{"class":73},[1193,66567,66569],{"id":66568},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66571,66572,66573,66575],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66574,53885],{}," places the item before that position.",[54,66577,66579],{"className":56,"code":66578,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66580,66581,66613,66637],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66582,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66584,35714],{"class":382},[63,66586,386],{"class":270},[63,66588,3216],{"class":73},[63,66590,2455],{"class":448},[63,66592,303],{"class":452},[63,66594,2455],{"class":448},[63,66596,102],{"class":73},[63,66598,1375],{"class":448},[63,66600,4362],{"class":452},[63,66602,2455],{"class":448},[63,66604,102],{"class":73},[63,66606,1375],{"class":448},[63,66608,18387],{"class":452},[63,66610,2455],{"class":448},[63,66612,3229],{"class":73},[63,66614,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66616,35767],{"class":382},[63,66618,307],{"class":73},[63,66620,53568],{"class":181},[63,66622,74],{"class":73},[63,66624,1639],{"class":270},[63,66626,674],{"class":82},[63,66628,102],{"class":73},[63,66630,1375],{"class":448},[63,66632,9350],{"class":452},[63,66634,2455],{"class":448},[63,66636,397],{"class":73},[63,66638,66639,66641,66643,66645],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,66640,70],{"class":69},[63,66642,74],{"class":73},[63,66644,35767],{"class":181},[63,66646,397],{"class":73},[20,66648,110],{},[54,66650,66652],{"className":56,"code":66651,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66653,66654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66655,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66657,3497],{"class":73},[63,66659,456],{"class":448},[63,66661,303],{"class":452},[63,66663,456],{"class":448},[63,66665,102],{"class":73},[63,66667,449],{"class":448},[63,66669,4362],{"class":452},[63,66671,456],{"class":448},[63,66673,102],{"class":73},[63,66675,449],{"class":448},[63,66677,9350],{"class":452},[63,66679,456],{"class":448},[63,66681,102],{"class":73},[63,66683,449],{"class":448},[63,66685,18387],{"class":452},[63,66687,456],{"class":448},[63,66689,3229],{"class":73},[20,66691,66692,66693,1913],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[303,66694,66695],{"href":50595},"Python lists beginner guide",[49,66697,66699,10197,66701],{"id":66698},"insert-vs-append",[15,66700,53885],{},[15,66702,52269],{},[20,66704,66705],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1193,66707,128,66709,10213],{"id":66708},"use-insert-when",[15,66710,53885],{},[30,66712,66713,66716],{},[33,66714,66715],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,66717,66718],{},"The order of the list matters",[1193,66720,128,66722,10213],{"id":66721},"use-append-when",[15,66723,52269],{},[30,66725,66726,66729],{},[33,66727,66728],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,66730,66731],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66733,1820],{},[54,66735,66737],{"className":56,"code":66736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66738,66739,66763,66767,66789,66799,66803,66821],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66740,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66742,7386],{"class":382},[63,66744,386],{"class":270},[63,66746,3216],{"class":73},[63,66748,2455],{"class":448},[63,66750,3677],{"class":452},[63,66752,2455],{"class":448},[63,66754,102],{"class":73},[63,66756,1375],{"class":448},[63,66758,32843],{"class":452},[63,66760,2455],{"class":448},[63,66762,3229],{"class":73},[63,66764,66765],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66766,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,66768,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,66770,7417],{"class":382},[63,66772,307],{"class":73},[63,66774,53568],{"class":181},[63,66776,74],{"class":73},[63,66778,674],{"class":82},[63,66780,102],{"class":73},[63,66782,1375],{"class":448},[63,66784,3686],{"class":452},[63,66786,2455],{"class":448},[63,66788,397],{"class":73},[63,66790,66791,66793,66795,66797],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,66792,70],{"class":69},[63,66794,74],{"class":73},[63,66796,7417],{"class":181},[63,66798,397],{"class":73},[63,66800,66801],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,66802,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,66804,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,66806,7417],{"class":382},[63,66808,307],{"class":73},[63,66810,13170],{"class":181},[63,66812,74],{"class":73},[63,66814,2455],{"class":448},[63,66816,22153],{"class":452},[63,66818,2455],{"class":448},[63,66820,397],{"class":73},[63,66822,66823,66825,66827,66829],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,66824,70],{"class":69},[63,66826,74],{"class":73},[63,66828,7417],{"class":181},[63,66830,397],{"class":73},[20,66832,110],{},[54,66834,66836],{"className":56,"code":66835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66837,66838,66866],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66839,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66841,3497],{"class":73},[63,66843,456],{"class":448},[63,66845,3677],{"class":452},[63,66847,456],{"class":448},[63,66849,102],{"class":73},[63,66851,449],{"class":448},[63,66853,3686],{"class":452},[63,66855,456],{"class":448},[63,66857,102],{"class":73},[63,66859,449],{"class":448},[63,66861,32843],{"class":452},[63,66863,456],{"class":448},[63,66865,3229],{"class":73},[63,66867,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66869,3497],{"class":73},[63,66871,456],{"class":448},[63,66873,3677],{"class":452},[63,66875,456],{"class":448},[63,66877,102],{"class":73},[63,66879,449],{"class":448},[63,66881,3686],{"class":452},[63,66883,456],{"class":448},[63,66885,102],{"class":73},[63,66887,449],{"class":448},[63,66889,32843],{"class":452},[63,66891,456],{"class":448},[63,66893,102],{"class":73},[63,66895,449],{"class":448},[63,66897,22153],{"class":452},[63,66899,456],{"class":448},[63,66901,3229],{"class":73},[20,66903,66904,66905,307],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[303,66906,55137,66907,10352],{"href":56386},[15,66908,52269],{},[20,66910,66911,66912,307],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[303,66913,52666],{"href":52665},[49,66915,4119],{"id":4118},[20,66917,14351,66918,307],{},[15,66919,53885],{},[1193,66921,12210,66923],{"id":66922},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66924,53885],{},[20,66926,25310],{},[54,66928,66930],{"className":56,"code":66929,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66931,66932,66952,66974,66978,66988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66933,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66935,3211],{"class":382},[63,66937,386],{"class":270},[63,66939,3216],{"class":73},[63,66941,674],{"class":82},[63,66943,102],{"class":73},[63,66945,105],{"class":82},[63,66947,102],{"class":73},[63,66949,518],{"class":82},[63,66951,3229],{"class":73},[63,66953,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,66955,383],{"class":382},[63,66957,386],{"class":270},[63,66959,3862],{"class":382},[63,66961,307],{"class":73},[63,66963,53568],{"class":181},[63,66965,74],{"class":73},[63,66967,674],{"class":82},[63,66969,102],{"class":73},[63,66971,9808],{"class":82},[63,66973,397],{"class":73},[63,66975,66976],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,66977,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,66979,66980,66982,66984,66986],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,66981,70],{"class":69},[63,66983,74],{"class":73},[63,66985,406],{"class":181},[63,66987,397],{"class":73},[63,66989,66990,66992,66994,66996],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,66991,70],{"class":69},[63,66993,74],{"class":73},[63,66995,3243],{"class":181},[63,66997,397],{"class":73},[20,66999,110],{},[54,67001,67003],{"className":56,"code":67002,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67004,67005,67009],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67006,67007],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67008,11423],{"class":3448},[63,67010,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,67012,3497],{"class":73},[63,67014,674],{"class":82},[63,67016,102],{"class":73},[63,67018,9808],{"class":82},[63,67020,102],{"class":73},[63,67022,105],{"class":82},[63,67024,102],{"class":73},[63,67026,518],{"class":82},[63,67028,3229],{"class":73},[20,67030,67031,53770,67033,307],{},[15,67032,53885],{},[15,67034,3373],{},[20,67036,16262],{},[54,67038,67040],{"className":56,"code":67039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67041,67042],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67043,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67045,55507],{"class":382},[63,67047,386],{"class":270},[63,67049,3862],{"class":382},[63,67051,307],{"class":73},[63,67053,53568],{"class":181},[63,67055,74],{"class":73},[63,67057,674],{"class":82},[63,67059,102],{"class":73},[63,67061,9808],{"class":82},[63,67063,397],{"class":73},[20,67065,67066],{},"Right:",[54,67068,67070],{"className":56,"code":67069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67071,67072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67073,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67075,3243],{"class":382},[63,67077,307],{"class":73},[63,67079,53568],{"class":181},[63,67081,74],{"class":73},[63,67083,674],{"class":82},[63,67085,102],{"class":73},[63,67087,9808],{"class":82},[63,67089,397],{"class":73},[1193,67091,67093],{"id":67092},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67095,67096],{},"The correct order is:",[54,67098,67099],{"className":56,"code":65952,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,67100,67101],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67102,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67104,7948],{"class":382},[63,67106,307],{"class":73},[63,67108,53568],{"class":181},[63,67110,74],{"class":73},[63,67112,35469],{"class":181},[63,67114,102],{"class":73},[63,67116,29127],{"class":181},[63,67118,397],{"class":73},[20,67120,67121],{},"Not:",[54,67123,67125],{"className":56,"code":67124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67126,67127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67128,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67130,7948],{"class":382},[63,67132,307],{"class":73},[63,67134,53568],{"class":181},[63,67136,74],{"class":73},[63,67138,22930],{"class":181},[63,67140,102],{"class":73},[63,67142,35444],{"class":181},[63,67144,397],{"class":73},[20,67146,1820],{},[54,67148,67149],{"className":56,"code":65994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,67150,67151,67175,67197],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67152,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67154,35714],{"class":382},[63,67156,386],{"class":270},[63,67158,3216],{"class":73},[63,67160,2455],{"class":448},[63,67162,303],{"class":452},[63,67164,2455],{"class":448},[63,67166,102],{"class":73},[63,67168,1375],{"class":448},[63,67170,9350],{"class":452},[63,67172,2455],{"class":448},[63,67174,3229],{"class":73},[63,67176,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,67178,35767],{"class":382},[63,67180,307],{"class":73},[63,67182,53568],{"class":181},[63,67184,74],{"class":73},[63,67186,674],{"class":82},[63,67188,102],{"class":73},[63,67190,1375],{"class":448},[63,67192,4362],{"class":452},[63,67194,2455],{"class":448},[63,67196,397],{"class":73},[63,67198,67199,67201,67203,67205],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,67200,70],{"class":69},[63,67202,74],{"class":73},[63,67204,35767],{"class":181},[63,67206,397],{"class":73},[20,67208,110],{},[54,67210,67211],{"className":56,"code":42492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,67212,67213],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67214,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67216,3497],{"class":73},[63,67218,456],{"class":448},[63,67220,303],{"class":452},[63,67222,456],{"class":448},[63,67224,102],{"class":73},[63,67226,449],{"class":448},[63,67228,4362],{"class":452},[63,67230,456],{"class":448},[63,67232,102],{"class":73},[63,67234,449],{"class":448},[63,67236,9350],{"class":452},[63,67238,456],{"class":448},[63,67240,3229],{"class":73},[1193,67242,1196,67244,67246],{"id":67243},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67245,53885],{}," to replace an item",[20,67248,67249,67251],{},[15,67250,53885],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[54,67253,67255],{"className":56,"code":67254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67256,67257,67277,67295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67258,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67260,3211],{"class":382},[63,67262,386],{"class":270},[63,67264,3216],{"class":73},[63,67266,674],{"class":82},[63,67268,102],{"class":73},[63,67270,105],{"class":82},[63,67272,102],{"class":73},[63,67274,518],{"class":82},[63,67276,3229],{"class":73},[63,67278,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,67280,3243],{"class":382},[63,67282,307],{"class":73},[63,67284,53568],{"class":181},[63,67286,74],{"class":73},[63,67288,674],{"class":82},[63,67290,102],{"class":73},[63,67292,9808],{"class":82},[63,67294,397],{"class":73},[63,67296,67297,67299,67301,67303],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,67298,70],{"class":69},[63,67300,74],{"class":73},[63,67302,3243],{"class":181},[63,67304,397],{"class":73},[20,67306,110],{},[54,67308,67310],{"className":56,"code":67309,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67311,67312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67313,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67315,3497],{"class":73},[63,67317,674],{"class":82},[63,67319,102],{"class":73},[63,67321,9808],{"class":82},[63,67323,102],{"class":73},[63,67325,105],{"class":82},[63,67327,102],{"class":73},[63,67329,518],{"class":82},[63,67331,3229],{"class":73},[20,67333,67334],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[54,67336,67338],{"className":56,"code":67337,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67339,67340,67360,67374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67341,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67343,3211],{"class":382},[63,67345,386],{"class":270},[63,67347,3216],{"class":73},[63,67349,674],{"class":82},[63,67351,102],{"class":73},[63,67353,105],{"class":82},[63,67355,102],{"class":73},[63,67357,518],{"class":82},[63,67359,3229],{"class":73},[63,67361,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,67363,3243],{"class":382},[63,67365,3497],{"class":73},[63,67367,674],{"class":82},[63,67369,12890],{"class":73},[63,67371,12893],{"class":270},[63,67373,13748],{"class":82},[63,67375,67376,67378,67380,67382],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,67377,70],{"class":69},[63,67379,74],{"class":73},[63,67381,3243],{"class":181},[63,67383,397],{"class":73},[20,67385,110],{},[54,67387,67389],{"className":56,"code":67388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67390,67391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67392,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67394,3497],{"class":73},[63,67396,674],{"class":82},[63,67398,102],{"class":73},[63,67400,9808],{"class":82},[63,67402,102],{"class":73},[63,67404,518],{"class":82},[63,67406,3229],{"class":73},[1193,67408,67410],{"id":67409},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67412,67413,67415],{},[15,67414,53885],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67417,67418],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[54,67420,67422],{"className":56,"code":67421,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67423,67424,67440,67464],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67425,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67427,3211],{"class":382},[63,67429,386],{"class":270},[63,67431,3216],{"class":73},[63,67433,674],{"class":82},[63,67435,102],{"class":73},[63,67437,2061],{"class":82},[63,67439,3229],{"class":73},[63,67441,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452,67454,67456,67458,67460,67462],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,67443,3243],{"class":382},[63,67445,307],{"class":73},[63,67447,53568],{"class":181},[63,67449,74],{"class":73},[63,67451,674],{"class":82},[63,67453,102],{"class":73},[63,67455,3216],{"class":73},[63,67457,274],{"class":82},[63,67459,102],{"class":73},[63,67461,518],{"class":82},[63,67463,191],{"class":73},[63,67465,67466,67468,67470,67472],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,67467,70],{"class":69},[63,67469,74],{"class":73},[63,67471,3243],{"class":181},[63,67473,397],{"class":73},[20,67475,110],{},[54,67477,67479],{"className":56,"code":67478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67480,67481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67482,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67484,3497],{"class":73},[63,67486,674],{"class":82},[63,67488,102],{"class":73},[63,67490,3216],{"class":73},[63,67492,274],{"class":82},[63,67494,102],{"class":73},[63,67496,518],{"class":82},[63,67498,17681],{"class":73},[63,67500,2061],{"class":82},[63,67502,3229],{"class":73},[20,67504,67505,67506,307],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[303,67507,55137,67508,10352],{"href":52961},[15,67509,53063],{},[1193,67511,67513],{"id":67512},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67515,8485,67516,67518],{},[15,67517,53885],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[54,67520,67522],{"className":56,"code":67521,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67523,67524,67534,67548,67566,67580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67525,67526,67528,67530,67532],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67527,70],{"class":69},[63,67529,74],{"class":73},[63,67531,7948],{"class":181},[63,67533,397],{"class":73},[63,67535,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,67537,70],{"class":69},[63,67539,74],{"class":73},[63,67541,10774],{"class":69},[63,67543,74],{"class":73},[63,67545,7948],{"class":181},[63,67547,86],{"class":73},[63,67549,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,67551,70],{"class":69},[63,67553,74],{"class":73},[63,67555,7948],{"class":181},[63,67557,307],{"class":73},[63,67559,53568],{"class":24370},[63,67561,307],{"class":73},[63,67563,34069],{"class":34076},[63,67565,397],{"class":73},[63,67567,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,67569,31774],{"class":69},[63,67571,74],{"class":73},[63,67573,7702],{"class":417},[63,67575,307],{"class":73},[63,67577,53568],{"class":24370},[63,67579,397],{"class":73},[63,67581,67582,67584,67586,67588],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,67583,418],{"class":417},[63,67585,74],{"class":73},[63,67587,7948],{"class":181},[63,67589,397],{"class":73},[20,67591,67592],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,67594,67595,67598,67601,67604],{},[33,67596,67597],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,67599,67600],{},"How long the list is",[33,67602,67603],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,67605,67606],{},"How Python describes the method",[49,67608,1114,67610],{"id":67609},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67611,53885],{},[20,67613,128,67614,67616],{},[15,67615,53885],{}," when position matters.",[20,67618,36050],{},[30,67620,67621,67624,67627,67630],{},[33,67622,67623],{},"Ordered menus",[33,67625,67626],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,67628,67629],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,67631,67632],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67634,67635,67636,67638,67639,67641,67642,67644],{},"You usually do ",[833,67637,973],{}," need ",[15,67640,53885],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67643,52269],{}," is simpler.",[20,67646,67647,67648,307],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[303,67649,56772],{"href":56771},[49,67651,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,67653,1459,67655,55086],{"id":67654},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67656,53528],{},[20,67658,67659,67660,307],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67661,3373],{},[1193,67663,67665],{"id":67664},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67667,67668],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1193,67670,1482,67672,67674],{"id":67671},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67673,53528],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67676,67677,67678,67680],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67679,53063],{}," or slicing.",[1193,67682,4781,67684,3993,67686,1506],{"id":67683},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67685,53885],{},[15,67687,52269],{},[20,67689,67690,67692,67693,67695],{},[15,67691,53885],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67694,52269],{}," adds only at the end.",[49,67697,1517],{"id":1516},[30,67699,67700,67706,67712,67716,67720,67724],{},[33,67701,67702],{},[303,67703,55137,67704,10352],{"href":56386},[15,67705,52269],{},[33,67707,67708],{},[303,67709,55137,67710,10352],{"href":52961},[15,67711,53063],{},[33,67713,67714],{},[303,67715,53895],{"href":52665},[33,67717,67718],{},[303,67719,52388],{"href":50595},[33,67721,67722],{},[303,67723,56846],{"href":56771},[33,67725,67726],{},[303,67727,29968,67728,33256],{"href":53913},[15,67729,67730],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1542,67732,67733],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":67735},[67736,67738,67739,67740,67746,67753,67762,67764,67773],{"id":65921,"depth":89,"text":67737},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5033,"depth":89,"text":5034},{"id":5388,"depth":89,"text":5389},{"id":66293,"depth":89,"text":66294,"children":67741},[67742,67743,67744,67745],{"id":66305,"depth":254,"text":66306},{"id":66396,"depth":254,"text":66397},{"id":66482,"depth":254,"text":66483},{"id":66568,"depth":254,"text":66569},{"id":66698,"depth":89,"text":67747,"children":67748},"insert() vs append()",[67749,67751],{"id":66708,"depth":254,"text":67750},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66721,"depth":254,"text":67752},"Use append() when:",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":67754},[67755,67757,67758,67760,67761],{"id":66922,"depth":254,"text":67756},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67092,"depth":254,"text":67093},{"id":67243,"depth":254,"text":67759},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67409,"depth":254,"text":67410},{"id":67512,"depth":254,"text":67513},{"id":67609,"depth":89,"text":67763},"When to use insert()",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":67765},[67766,67768,67769,67771],{"id":67654,"depth":254,"text":67767},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67664,"depth":254,"text":67665},{"id":67671,"depth":254,"text":67770},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67683,"depth":254,"text":67772},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65831,"description":67774},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67781,"title":67782,"body":67783,"description":69338,"extension":1580,"meta":69339,"navigation":579,"path":58591,"seo":69340,"stem":69341,"__hash__":69342},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67784,"toc":69311},[67785,67791,67800,67849,67851,67859,67865,67867,67885,67891,67896,67899,67902,67917,67919,67971,67973,67981,67989,67996,67998,68004,68069,68071,68079,68081,68100,68103,68154,68158,68163,68190,68192,68200,68203,68272,68274,68289,68295,68299,68308,68311,68366,68368,68376,68379,68381,68426,68428,68436,68442,68444,68452,68455,68457,68496,68498,68537,68542,68544,68546,68581,68584,68586,68624,68628,68634,68636,68687,68689,68697,68704,68707,68728,68731,68786,68797,68799,68860,68862,68871,68878,68884,68887,68890,68947,68950,68963,68970,68976,68982,68984,68997,69000,69097,69099,69116,69119,69201,69203,69225,69232,69238,69240,69244,69250,69256,69261,69265,69268,69274,69281,69283,69308],[10,67786,67788,67789,3256],{"id":67787},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67790,10774],{},[20,67792,67793,67794,67796,67797,67799],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67795,41977],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67798,41977],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[54,67801,67803],{"className":56,"code":67802,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67804,67805,67825,67839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67806,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67808,3211],{"class":382},[63,67810,386],{"class":270},[63,67812,3216],{"class":73},[63,67814,1940],{"class":82},[63,67816,102],{"class":73},[63,67818,7397],{"class":82},[63,67820,102],{"class":73},[63,67822,7402],{"class":82},[63,67824,3229],{"class":73},[63,67826,67827,67829,67831,67833,67835,67837],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,67828,40858],{"class":382},[63,67830,386],{"class":270},[63,67832,38012],{"class":69},[63,67834,74],{"class":73},[63,67836,3243],{"class":181},[63,67838,397],{"class":73},[63,67840,67841,67843,67845,67847],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,67842,70],{"class":69},[63,67844,74],{"class":73},[63,67846,40876],{"class":181},[63,67848,397],{"class":73},[20,67850,110],{},[54,67852,67853],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,67854,67855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67856,67857],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67858,120],{"class":82},[20,67860,128,67861,67864],{},[15,67862,67863],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[49,67866,14781],{"id":14780},[30,67868,67869,67874,67879,67882],{},[33,67870,3797,67871,67873],{},[15,67872,41977],{}," works with Python lists",[33,67875,67876,67877,11320],{},"What value ",[15,67878,41977],{},[33,67880,67881],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,67883,67884],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[49,67886,138,67888,67890],{"id":67887},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67889,41977],{}," returns for a list",[20,67892,67893,64705],{},[15,67894,67895],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67897,67898],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67900,67901],{},"A few important points:",[30,67903,67904,67907,67912],{},[33,67905,67906],{},"It counts list items",[33,67908,970,67909,67911],{},[833,67910,973],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,67913,67914,67915],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67916,1734],{},[20,67918,1820],{},[54,67920,67922],{"className":56,"code":67921,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67923,67924,67957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67925,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953,67955],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67927,3668],{"class":382},[63,67929,386],{"class":270},[63,67931,3216],{"class":73},[63,67933,2455],{"class":448},[63,67935,36672],{"class":452},[63,67937,2455],{"class":448},[63,67939,102],{"class":73},[63,67941,1375],{"class":448},[63,67943,67944],{"class":452},"elephant",[63,67946,2455],{"class":448},[63,67948,102],{"class":73},[63,67950,1375],{"class":448},[63,67952,57745],{"class":452},[63,67954,2455],{"class":448},[63,67956,3229],{"class":73},[63,67958,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,67960,70],{"class":69},[63,67962,74],{"class":73},[63,67964,10774],{"class":69},[63,67966,74],{"class":73},[63,67968,3712],{"class":181},[63,67970,86],{"class":73},[20,67972,110],{},[54,67974,67975],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,67976,67977],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67978,67979],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67980,120],{"class":82},[20,67982,20597,67983,67986,67987,64712],{},[15,67984,67985],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[833,67988,52273],{},[20,67990,67991,67992,307],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[303,67993,13,67994,469],{"href":41974},[15,67995,41977],{},[49,67997,5389],{"id":5388},[20,67999,68000,68001,68003],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68002,41977],{},", and print the result.",[54,68005,68007],{"className":56,"code":68006,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68008,68009,68041,68055,68059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68010,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68012,12692],{"class":382},[63,68014,386],{"class":270},[63,68016,3216],{"class":73},[63,68018,2455],{"class":448},[63,68020,12709],{"class":452},[63,68022,2455],{"class":448},[63,68024,102],{"class":73},[63,68026,1375],{"class":448},[63,68028,17074],{"class":452},[63,68030,2455],{"class":448},[63,68032,102],{"class":73},[63,68034,1375],{"class":448},[63,68036,12726],{"class":452},[63,68038,2455],{"class":448},[63,68040,3229],{"class":73},[63,68042,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051,68053],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68044,40858],{"class":382},[63,68046,386],{"class":270},[63,68048,38012],{"class":69},[63,68050,74],{"class":73},[63,68052,17121],{"class":181},[63,68054,397],{"class":73},[63,68056,68057],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,68058,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,68060,68061,68063,68065,68067],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,68062,70],{"class":69},[63,68064,74],{"class":73},[63,68066,40876],{"class":181},[63,68068,397],{"class":73},[20,68070,110],{},[54,68072,68073],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,68074,68075],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68076,68077],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68078,120],{"class":82},[20,68080,11298],{},[30,68082,68083,68088,68095],{},[33,68084,68085,68087],{},[15,68086,17121],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68089,68090,2004,68093],{},[15,68091,68092],{},"len(colors)",[15,68094,715],{},[33,68096,68097,68098],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68099,40876],{},[20,68101,68102],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[54,68104,68106],{"className":56,"code":68105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68107,68108,68140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68109,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68111,12692],{"class":382},[63,68113,386],{"class":270},[63,68115,3216],{"class":73},[63,68117,2455],{"class":448},[63,68119,12709],{"class":452},[63,68121,2455],{"class":448},[63,68123,102],{"class":73},[63,68125,1375],{"class":448},[63,68127,17074],{"class":452},[63,68129,2455],{"class":448},[63,68131,102],{"class":73},[63,68133,1375],{"class":448},[63,68135,12726],{"class":452},[63,68137,2455],{"class":448},[63,68139,3229],{"class":73},[63,68141,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68143,70],{"class":69},[63,68145,74],{"class":73},[63,68147,10774],{"class":69},[63,68149,74],{"class":73},[63,68151,17121],{"class":181},[63,68153,86],{"class":73},[49,68155,68157],{"id":68156},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68159,68160,68161,307],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68162,1734],{},[54,68164,68166],{"className":56,"code":68165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68167,68168,68176],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68169,68170,68172,68174],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68171,7386],{"class":382},[63,68173,386],{"class":270},[63,68175,7446],{"class":73},[63,68177,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68179,70],{"class":69},[63,68181,74],{"class":73},[63,68183,10774],{"class":69},[63,68185,74],{"class":73},[63,68187,7417],{"class":181},[63,68189,86],{"class":73},[20,68191,110],{},[54,68193,68194],{"className":56,"code":46869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,68195,68196],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68197,68198],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68199,46869],{"class":82},[20,68201,68202],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[54,68204,68206],{"className":56,"code":68205,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68207,68208,68216,68220,68238,68252,68258],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68209,68210,68212,68214],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68211,7386],{"class":382},[63,68213,386],{"class":270},[63,68215,7446],{"class":73},[63,68217,68218],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68219,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,68221,68222,68224,68226,68228,68230,68232,68234,68236],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,68223,6602],{"class":3473},[63,68225,38012],{"class":69},[63,68227,74],{"class":73},[63,68229,7417],{"class":181},[63,68231,3256],{"class":73},[63,68233,38022],{"class":270},[63,68235,3429],{"class":82},[63,68237,5996],{"class":73},[63,68239,68240,68242,68244,68246,68248,68250],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,68241,7677],{"class":69},[63,68243,74],{"class":73},[63,68245,7417],{"class":181},[63,68247,3497],{"class":73},[63,68249,1734],{"class":82},[63,68251,191],{"class":73},[63,68253,68254,68256],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,68255,27054],{"class":3473},[63,68257,5996],{"class":73},[63,68259,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,68261,7677],{"class":69},[63,68263,74],{"class":73},[63,68265,2455],{"class":448},[63,68267,51432],{"class":452},[63,68269,2455],{"class":448},[63,68271,397],{"class":73},[20,68273,110],{},[54,68275,68277],{"className":56,"code":68276,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The list is empty\n",[15,68278,68279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68280,68281,68283,68285,68287],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68282,1597],{"class":382},[63,68284,7702],{"class":417},[63,68286,7705],{"class":270},[63,68288,7711],{"class":382},[20,68290,68291,68292,68294],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[303,68293,52388],{"href":50595}," is a good next step.",[49,68296,68298],{"id":68297},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68300,68301,68303,68304,68307],{},[15,68302,41977],{}," counts only the ",[833,68305,68306],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68309,68310],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[54,68312,68314],{"className":56,"code":68313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68315,68316,68352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68317,68318,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68319,8775],{"class":382},[63,68321,386],{"class":270},[63,68323,55911],{"class":73},[63,68325,674],{"class":82},[63,68327,102],{"class":73},[63,68329,105],{"class":82},[63,68331,17681],{"class":73},[63,68333,3216],{"class":73},[63,68335,715],{"class":82},[63,68337,102],{"class":73},[63,68339,2061],{"class":82},[63,68341,17681],{"class":73},[63,68343,3216],{"class":73},[63,68345,1750],{"class":82},[63,68347,102],{"class":73},[63,68349,37269],{"class":82},[63,68351,52859],{"class":73},[63,68353,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68355,70],{"class":69},[63,68357,74],{"class":73},[63,68359,10774],{"class":69},[63,68361,74],{"class":73},[63,68363,8814],{"class":181},[63,68365,86],{"class":73},[20,68367,110],{},[54,68369,68370],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,68371,68372],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68373,68374],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68375,120],{"class":82},[20,68377,68378],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68380,51696],{},[54,68382,68384],{"className":56,"code":68383,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68385,68386,68412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68387,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68389,59091],{"class":382},[63,68391,386],{"class":270},[63,68393,3216],{"class":73},[63,68395,674],{"class":82},[63,68397,102],{"class":73},[63,68399,3216],{"class":73},[63,68401,274],{"class":82},[63,68403,102],{"class":73},[63,68405,518],{"class":82},[63,68407,17681],{"class":73},[63,68409,2061],{"class":82},[63,68411,3229],{"class":73},[63,68413,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68415,70],{"class":69},[63,68417,74],{"class":73},[63,68419,10774],{"class":69},[63,68421,74],{"class":73},[63,68423,59144],{"class":181},[63,68425,86],{"class":73},[20,68427,110],{},[54,68429,68430],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,68431,68432],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68433,68434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68435,120],{"class":82},[20,68437,20597,68438,68441],{},[15,68439,68440],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[49,68443,4119],{"id":4118},[1193,68445,311,68447,10704,68450],{"id":68446},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68448,68449],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68451,67895],{},[20,68453,68454],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68456,16262],{},[54,68458,68460],{"className":56,"code":68459,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68461,68462,68482],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68463,68464,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68465,3211],{"class":382},[63,68467,386],{"class":270},[63,68469,3216],{"class":73},[63,68471,1940],{"class":82},[63,68473,102],{"class":73},[63,68475,7397],{"class":82},[63,68477,102],{"class":73},[63,68479,7402],{"class":82},[63,68481,3229],{"class":73},[63,68483,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68485,70],{"class":69},[63,68487,74],{"class":73},[63,68489,3243],{"class":181},[63,68491,307],{"class":73},[63,68493,10774],{"class":181},[63,68495,6799],{"class":73},[20,68497,16274],{},[54,68499,68501],{"className":56,"code":68500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68502,68503,68523],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68504,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68506,3211],{"class":382},[63,68508,386],{"class":270},[63,68510,3216],{"class":73},[63,68512,1940],{"class":82},[63,68514,102],{"class":73},[63,68516,7397],{"class":82},[63,68518,102],{"class":73},[63,68520,7402],{"class":82},[63,68522,3229],{"class":73},[63,68524,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533,68535],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68526,70],{"class":69},[63,68528,74],{"class":73},[63,68530,10774],{"class":69},[63,68532,74],{"class":73},[63,68534,3243],{"class":181},[63,68536,86],{"class":73},[20,68538,68539,68541],{},[15,68540,41977],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1193,68543,25307],{"id":25306},[20,68545,16262],{},[54,68547,68549],{"className":56,"code":68548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68550,68551,68571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68552,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68554,3211],{"class":382},[63,68556,386],{"class":270},[63,68558,3216],{"class":73},[63,68560,1940],{"class":82},[63,68562,102],{"class":73},[63,68564,7397],{"class":82},[63,68566,102],{"class":73},[63,68568,7402],{"class":82},[63,68570,3229],{"class":73},[63,68572,68573,68575,68577,68579],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68574,70],{"class":69},[63,68576,74],{"class":73},[63,68578,10774],{"class":69},[63,68580,397],{"class":73},[20,68582,68583],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68585,16274],{},[54,68587,68588],{"className":56,"code":68500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,68589,68590,68610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68591,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68593,3211],{"class":382},[63,68595,386],{"class":270},[63,68597,3216],{"class":73},[63,68599,1940],{"class":82},[63,68601,102],{"class":73},[63,68603,7397],{"class":82},[63,68605,102],{"class":73},[63,68607,7402],{"class":82},[63,68609,3229],{"class":73},[63,68611,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68613,70],{"class":69},[63,68615,74],{"class":73},[63,68617,10774],{"class":69},[63,68619,74],{"class":73},[63,68621,3243],{"class":181},[63,68623,86],{"class":73},[1193,68625,68627],{"id":68626},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68629,68630,68631,68633],{},"The length of a list is ",[833,68632,973],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68635,1820],{},[54,68637,68639],{"className":56,"code":68638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68640,68641,68673],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68642,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68644,35714],{"class":382},[63,68646,386],{"class":270},[63,68648,3216],{"class":73},[63,68650,2455],{"class":448},[63,68652,303],{"class":452},[63,68654,2455],{"class":448},[63,68656,102],{"class":73},[63,68658,1375],{"class":448},[63,68660,4362],{"class":452},[63,68662,2455],{"class":448},[63,68664,102],{"class":73},[63,68666,1375],{"class":448},[63,68668,9350],{"class":452},[63,68670,2455],{"class":448},[63,68672,3229],{"class":73},[63,68674,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68676,70],{"class":69},[63,68678,74],{"class":73},[63,68680,10774],{"class":69},[63,68682,74],{"class":73},[63,68684,35767],{"class":181},[63,68686,86],{"class":73},[20,68688,110],{},[54,68690,68691],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,68692,68693],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68694,68695],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68696,120],{"class":82},[20,68698,68699,68700,18583,68702,307],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68701,274],{},[15,68703,715],{},[20,68705,68706],{},"Indexes are:",[30,68708,68709,68716,68722],{},[33,68710,68711,68713,68714],{},[15,68712,1734],{}," for ",[15,68715,17715],{},[33,68717,68718,68713,68720],{},[15,68719,674],{},[15,68721,65214],{},[33,68723,68724,68713,68726],{},[15,68725,274],{},[15,68727,66099],{},[20,68729,68730],{},"So this causes an error:",[54,68732,68734],{"className":56,"code":68733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68735,68736,68768],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68737,68738,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68739,35714],{"class":382},[63,68741,386],{"class":270},[63,68743,3216],{"class":73},[63,68745,2455],{"class":448},[63,68747,303],{"class":452},[63,68749,2455],{"class":448},[63,68751,102],{"class":73},[63,68753,1375],{"class":448},[63,68755,4362],{"class":452},[63,68757,2455],{"class":448},[63,68759,102],{"class":73},[63,68761,1375],{"class":448},[63,68763,9350],{"class":452},[63,68765,2455],{"class":448},[63,68767,3229],{"class":73},[63,68769,68770,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68784],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68771,70],{"class":69},[63,68773,74],{"class":73},[63,68775,35767],{"class":181},[63,68777,3497],{"class":73},[63,68779,10774],{"class":69},[63,68781,74],{"class":73},[63,68783,35767],{"class":181},[63,68785,10291],{"class":73},[20,68787,8104,68788,4385,68791,68793,68794,68796],{},[15,68789,68790],{},"len(letters)",[15,68792,715],{},", and index ",[15,68795,715],{}," does not exist.",[20,68798,18460],{},[54,68800,68802],{"className":56,"code":68801,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68803,68804,68836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68805,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68807,35714],{"class":382},[63,68809,386],{"class":270},[63,68811,3216],{"class":73},[63,68813,2455],{"class":448},[63,68815,303],{"class":452},[63,68817,2455],{"class":448},[63,68819,102],{"class":73},[63,68821,1375],{"class":448},[63,68823,4362],{"class":452},[63,68825,2455],{"class":448},[63,68827,102],{"class":73},[63,68829,1375],{"class":448},[63,68831,9350],{"class":452},[63,68833,2455],{"class":448},[63,68835,3229],{"class":73},[63,68837,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68839,70],{"class":69},[63,68841,74],{"class":73},[63,68843,35767],{"class":181},[63,68845,3497],{"class":73},[63,68847,10774],{"class":69},[63,68849,74],{"class":73},[63,68851,35767],{"class":181},[63,68853,3256],{"class":73},[63,68855,271],{"class":270},[63,68857,249],{"class":82},[63,68859,191],{"class":73},[20,68861,110],{},[54,68863,68865],{"className":56,"code":68864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"c\n",[15,68866,68867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68868,68869],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68870,68864],{"class":382},[20,68872,68873,68874,307],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[303,68875,68877],{"href":68876},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1193,68879,311,68881,68883],{"id":68880},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68882,41977],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68885,68886],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68888,68889],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[54,68891,68893],{"className":56,"code":68892,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68894,68895,68905,68919,68933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68896,68897,68899,68901,68903],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68898,70],{"class":69},[63,68900,74],{"class":73},[63,68902,7948],{"class":181},[63,68904,397],{"class":73},[63,68906,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,68908,70],{"class":69},[63,68910,74],{"class":73},[63,68912,10774],{"class":69},[63,68914,74],{"class":73},[63,68916,7948],{"class":181},[63,68918,86],{"class":73},[63,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,68922,70],{"class":69},[63,68924,74],{"class":73},[63,68926,418],{"class":417},[63,68928,74],{"class":73},[63,68930,7948],{"class":181},[63,68932,86],{"class":73},[63,68934,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,68936,70],{"class":69},[63,68938,74],{"class":73},[63,68940,7948],{"class":181},[63,68942,3497],{"class":73},[63,68944,1734],{"class":82},[63,68946,191],{"class":73},[20,68948,68949],{},"These help you verify:",[30,68951,68952,68955,68957,68960],{},[33,68953,68954],{},"what the variable contains",[33,68956,60403],{},[33,68958,68959],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,68961,68962],{},"what the first item is",[20,68964,68965,68966,68969],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68967,68968],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[49,68971,1114,68973,68975],{"id":68972},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68974,41977],{}," with lists",[20,68977,68978,68979,68981],{},"You will often use ",[15,68980,41977],{}," in real programs.",[20,68983,8984],{},[30,68985,68986,68988,68991,68994],{},[33,68987,51386],{},[33,68989,68990],{},"Control loops",[33,68992,68993],{},"Validate input or results",[33,68995,68996],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68998,68999],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[54,69001,69003],{"className":56,"code":69002,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69004,69005,69025,69041,69045,69059,69073],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69006,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69008,2157],{"class":382},[63,69010,386],{"class":270},[63,69012,3216],{"class":73},[63,69014,674],{"class":82},[63,69016,102],{"class":73},[63,69018,105],{"class":82},[63,69020,102],{"class":73},[63,69022,518],{"class":82},[63,69024,3229],{"class":73},[63,69026,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69028,2185],{"class":382},[63,69030,386],{"class":270},[63,69032,3216],{"class":73},[63,69034,1940],{"class":82},[63,69036,102],{"class":73},[63,69038,7397],{"class":82},[63,69040,3229],{"class":73},[63,69042,69043],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69044,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69046,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,69048,70],{"class":69},[63,69050,74],{"class":73},[63,69052,10774],{"class":69},[63,69054,74],{"class":73},[63,69056,303],{"class":181},[63,69058,86],{"class":73},[63,69060,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,69062,70],{"class":69},[63,69064,74],{"class":73},[63,69066,10774],{"class":69},[63,69068,74],{"class":73},[63,69070,4362],{"class":181},[63,69072,86],{"class":73},[63,69074,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093,69095],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,69076,70],{"class":69},[63,69078,74],{"class":73},[63,69080,10774],{"class":69},[63,69082,74],{"class":73},[63,69084,303],{"class":181},[63,69086,3256],{"class":73},[63,69088,38022],{"class":270},[63,69090,38012],{"class":69},[63,69092,74],{"class":73},[63,69094,4362],{"class":181},[63,69096,86],{"class":73},[20,69098,110],{},[54,69100,69102],{"className":56,"code":69101,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69103,69104,69108,69112],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69105,69106],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69107,120],{"class":82},[63,69109,69110],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69111,824],{"class":82},[63,69113,69114],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69115,3577],{"class":3448},[20,69117,69118],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[54,69120,69122],{"className":56,"code":69121,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69123,69124,69156,69160,69182],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69125,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69127,4596],{"class":382},[63,69129,386],{"class":270},[63,69131,3216],{"class":73},[63,69133,2455],{"class":448},[63,69135,12496],{"class":452},[63,69137,2455],{"class":448},[63,69139,102],{"class":73},[63,69141,1375],{"class":448},[63,69143,35564],{"class":452},[63,69145,2455],{"class":448},[63,69147,102],{"class":73},[63,69149,1375],{"class":448},[63,69151,35573],{"class":452},[63,69153,2455],{"class":448},[63,69155,3229],{"class":73},[63,69157,69158],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69159,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69161,69162,69164,69167,69169,69171,69173,69175,69177,69179],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69163,5560],{"class":3473},[63,69165,69166],{"class":382}," i ",[63,69168,3480],{"class":3473},[63,69170,53687],{"class":69},[63,69172,74],{"class":73},[63,69174,10774],{"class":69},[63,69176,74],{"class":73},[63,69178,4640],{"class":181},[63,69180,69181],{"class":73},")):\n",[63,69183,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69195,69197,69199],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,69185,7677],{"class":69},[63,69187,74],{"class":73},[63,69189,35778],{"class":181},[63,69191,102],{"class":73},[63,69193,69194],{"class":181}," names",[63,69196,3497],{"class":73},[63,69198,35778],{"class":181},[63,69200,191],{"class":73},[20,69202,110],{},[54,69204,69205],{"className":56,"code":35622,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,69206,69207,69213,69219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69208,69209,69211],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69210,1734],{"class":82},[63,69212,35631],{"class":382},[63,69214,69215,69217],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69216,674],{"class":82},[63,69218,35638],{"class":382},[63,69220,69221,69223],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69222,274],{"class":82},[63,69224,35645],{"class":382},[20,69226,69227,69228,307],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[303,69229,69231],{"href":69230},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69233,69234,69235,69237],{},"You can also read ",[303,69236,51163],{"href":51162}," for a task-focused guide.",[49,69239,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,69241,69243],{"id":69242},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69245,128,69246,69249],{},[15,69247,69248],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1193,69251,4744,69253,12331],{"id":69252},"what-does-len-return",[15,69254,69255],{},"len([])",[20,69257,4750,69258,69260],{},[15,69259,1734],{}," because the list is empty.",[1193,69262,69264],{"id":69263},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69266,69267],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1193,69269,1499,69271,69273],{"id":69270},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69272,68449],{}," in Python?",[20,69275,29891,69276,7831,69278,69280],{},[15,69277,67895],{},[15,69279,41977],{}," is a built-in function.",[49,69282,1517],{"id":1516},[30,69284,69285,69291,69295,69299,69303],{},[33,69286,69287],{},[303,69288,13,69289,469],{"href":41974},[15,69290,41977],{},[33,69292,69293],{},[303,69294,52207],{"href":51162},[33,69296,69297],{},[303,69298,52388],{"href":50595},[33,69300,69301],{},[303,69302,68877],{"href":68876},[33,69304,69305],{},[303,69306,69307],{"href":69230},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1542,69309,69310],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":69312},[69313,69314,69316,69317,69318,69319,69327,69329,69337],{"id":14780,"depth":89,"text":14781},{"id":67887,"depth":89,"text":69315},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5388,"depth":89,"text":5389},{"id":68156,"depth":89,"text":68157},{"id":68297,"depth":89,"text":68298},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":69320},[69321,69323,69324,69325],{"id":68446,"depth":254,"text":69322},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25306,"depth":254,"text":25307},{"id":68626,"depth":254,"text":68627},{"id":68880,"depth":254,"text":69326},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68972,"depth":89,"text":69328},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":69330},[69331,69332,69334,69335],{"id":69242,"depth":254,"text":69243},{"id":69252,"depth":254,"text":69333},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69263,"depth":254,"text":69264},{"id":69270,"depth":254,"text":69336},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67782,"description":69338},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69344,"title":69345,"body":69346,"description":71328,"extension":1580,"meta":71329,"navigation":579,"path":71330,"seo":71331,"stem":71332,"__hash__":71333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69347,"toc":71301},[69348,69351,69356,69359,69367,69380,69382,69447,69449,69471,69476,69480,69485,69493,69495,69505,69507,69588,69590,69620,69622,69641,69646,69663,69665,69749,69751,69781,69786,69790,69796,69880,69882,69912,69915,69919,69922,70013,70015,70053,70056,70141,70143,70173,70179,70186,70190,70195,70204,70206,70291,70293,70322,70325,70333,70337,70341,70350,70373,70375,70397,70399,70413,70415,70475,70479,70484,70523,70525,70542,70544,70554,70653,70658,70662,70667,70710,70712,70740,70742,70756,70831,70833,70855,70859,70862,70867,70878,70883,70891,70894,70965,70967,70992,71049,71051,71072,71081,71089,71094,71096,71101,71122,71125,71200,71203,71217,71224,71226,71230,71236,71240,71250,71254,71261,71265,71271,71273,71298],[10,69349,69345],{"id":69350},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69352,69353,69355],{},[15,69354,54699],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69357,69358],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69360,69361,69364],{},[33,69362,69363],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69365,69366],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69368,69369,69370,69372,69373,8314,69375,69379],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69371,12378],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69374,12378],{},[303,69376,69377],{"href":54689},[15,69378,55146],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[49,69381,52],{"id":51},[54,69383,69385],{"className":56,"code":69384,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69386,69387,69407,69422,69426,69437],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69388,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403,69405],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69390,3211],{"class":382},[63,69392,386],{"class":270},[63,69394,3216],{"class":73},[63,69396,1940],{"class":82},[63,69398,102],{"class":73},[63,69400,7397],{"class":82},[63,69402,102],{"class":73},[63,69404,7402],{"class":82},[63,69406,3229],{"class":73},[63,69408,69409,69412,69414,69416,69418,69420],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69410,69411],{"class":382},"last_item ",[63,69413,386],{"class":270},[63,69415,3862],{"class":382},[63,69417,307],{"class":73},[63,69419,25861],{"class":181},[63,69421,8252],{"class":73},[63,69423,69424],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69425,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69427,69428,69430,69432,69435],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,69429,70],{"class":69},[63,69431,74],{"class":73},[63,69433,69434],{"class":181},"last_item",[63,69436,397],{"class":73},[63,69438,69439,69441,69443,69445],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,69440,70],{"class":69},[63,69442,74],{"class":73},[63,69444,3243],{"class":181},[63,69446,397],{"class":73},[20,69448,110],{},[54,69450,69452],{"className":56,"code":69451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69453,69454,69459],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69455,69456],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69457,69458],{"class":82},"30\n",[63,69460,69461,69463,69465,69467,69469],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69462,3497],{"class":73},[63,69464,1940],{"class":82},[63,69466,102],{"class":73},[63,69468,7397],{"class":82},[63,69470,3229],{"class":73},[20,69472,128,69473,69475],{},[15,69474,12378],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[49,69477,69479],{"id":69478},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69481,69482,69484],{},[15,69483,12378],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69486,69487,69490],{},[33,69488,69489],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69491,69492],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69494,43267],{},[30,69496,69497,69500,69503],{},[33,69498,69499],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69501,69502],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69504,52362],{},[20,69506,1820],{},[54,69508,69510],{"className":56,"code":69509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69511,69512,69544,69548,69563,69567,69578],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69513,69514,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69515,12692],{"class":382},[63,69517,386],{"class":270},[63,69519,3216],{"class":73},[63,69521,2455],{"class":448},[63,69523,12709],{"class":452},[63,69525,2455],{"class":448},[63,69527,102],{"class":73},[63,69529,1375],{"class":448},[63,69531,17074],{"class":452},[63,69533,2455],{"class":448},[63,69535,102],{"class":73},[63,69537,1375],{"class":448},[63,69539,12726],{"class":452},[63,69541,2455],{"class":448},[63,69543,3229],{"class":73},[63,69545,69546],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69547,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69549,69550,69553,69555,69557,69559,69561],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69551,69552],{"class":382},"removed ",[63,69554,386],{"class":270},[63,69556,12740],{"class":382},[63,69558,307],{"class":73},[63,69560,25861],{"class":181},[63,69562,8252],{"class":73},[63,69564,69565],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,69566,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69568,69569,69571,69573,69576],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,69570,70],{"class":69},[63,69572,74],{"class":73},[63,69574,69575],{"class":181},"removed",[63,69577,397],{"class":73},[63,69579,69580,69582,69584,69586],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,69581,70],{"class":69},[63,69583,74],{"class":73},[63,69585,17121],{"class":181},[63,69587,397],{"class":73},[20,69589,110],{},[54,69591,69593],{"className":56,"code":69592,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69594,69595,69600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69596,69597],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69598,69599],{"class":382},"blue\n",[63,69601,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69603,3497],{"class":73},[63,69605,456],{"class":448},[63,69607,12709],{"class":452},[63,69609,456],{"class":448},[63,69611,102],{"class":73},[63,69613,449],{"class":448},[63,69615,17074],{"class":452},[63,69617,456],{"class":448},[63,69619,3229],{"class":73},[49,69621,164],{"id":163},[54,69623,69625],{"className":56,"code":69624,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69626,69627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69628,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69630,7702],{"class":417},[63,69632,307],{"class":73},[63,69634,25861],{"class":181},[63,69636,2583],{"class":73},[63,69638,35469],{"class":181},[63,69640,191],{"class":73},[20,69642,1597,69643,69645],{},[15,69644,35469],{}," is optional.",[30,69647,69648,69654,69660],{},[33,69649,69650,69651,69653],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69652,12378],{}," removes the last item",[33,69655,69656,69657,69659],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69658,12378],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,69661,69662],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69664,1820],{},[54,69666,69668],{"className":56,"code":69667,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69669,69670,69702,69706,69725,69729,69739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69671,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698,69700],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69673,35714],{"class":382},[63,69675,386],{"class":270},[63,69677,3216],{"class":73},[63,69679,2455],{"class":448},[63,69681,303],{"class":452},[63,69683,2455],{"class":448},[63,69685,102],{"class":73},[63,69687,1375],{"class":448},[63,69689,4362],{"class":452},[63,69691,2455],{"class":448},[63,69693,102],{"class":73},[63,69695,1375],{"class":448},[63,69697,9350],{"class":452},[63,69699,2455],{"class":448},[63,69701,3229],{"class":73},[63,69703,69704],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69705,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69707,69708,69710,69712,69715,69717,69719,69721,69723],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69709,28158],{"class":382},[63,69711,386],{"class":270},[63,69713,69714],{"class":382}," letters",[63,69716,307],{"class":73},[63,69718,25861],{"class":181},[63,69720,74],{"class":73},[63,69722,674],{"class":82},[63,69724,397],{"class":73},[63,69726,69727],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,69728,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69730,69731,69733,69735,69737],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,69732,70],{"class":69},[63,69734,74],{"class":73},[63,69736,22930],{"class":181},[63,69738,397],{"class":73},[63,69740,69741,69743,69745,69747],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,69742,70],{"class":69},[63,69744,74],{"class":73},[63,69746,35767],{"class":181},[63,69748,397],{"class":73},[20,69750,110],{},[54,69752,69754],{"className":56,"code":69753,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69755,69756,69761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69757,69758],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69759,69760],{"class":382},"b\n",[63,69762,69763,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69764,3497],{"class":73},[63,69766,456],{"class":448},[63,69768,303],{"class":452},[63,69770,456],{"class":448},[63,69772,102],{"class":73},[63,69774,449],{"class":448},[63,69776,9350],{"class":452},[63,69778,456],{"class":448},[63,69780,3229],{"class":73},[20,69782,69783,69784,307],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[303,69785,52388],{"href":50595},[49,69787,69789],{"id":69788},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69791,69792,69793,69795],{},"When you call ",[15,69794,12378],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[54,69797,69799],{"className":56,"code":69798,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69800,69801,69836,69840,69855,69859,69870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69802,69803,69805,69807,69809,69811,69814,69816,69818,69820,69823,69825,69827,69829,69832,69834],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69804,29518],{"class":382},[63,69806,386],{"class":270},[63,69808,3216],{"class":73},[63,69810,2455],{"class":448},[63,69812,69813],{"class":452},"write",[63,69815,2455],{"class":448},[63,69817,102],{"class":73},[63,69819,1375],{"class":448},[63,69821,69822],{"class":452},"test",[63,69824,2455],{"class":448},[63,69826,102],{"class":73},[63,69828,1375],{"class":448},[63,69830,69831],{"class":452},"submit",[63,69833,2455],{"class":448},[63,69835,3229],{"class":73},[63,69837,69838],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69839,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69841,69842,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69843,69844],{"class":382},"last_task ",[63,69846,386],{"class":270},[63,69848,29596],{"class":382},[63,69850,307],{"class":73},[63,69852,25861],{"class":181},[63,69854,8252],{"class":73},[63,69856,69857],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,69858,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69860,69861,69863,69865,69868],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,69862,70],{"class":69},[63,69864,74],{"class":73},[63,69866,69867],{"class":181},"last_task",[63,69869,397],{"class":73},[63,69871,69872,69874,69876,69878],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,69873,70],{"class":69},[63,69875,74],{"class":73},[63,69877,36130],{"class":181},[63,69879,397],{"class":73},[20,69881,110],{},[54,69883,69885],{"className":56,"code":69884,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69886,69887,69892],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69888,69889],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69890,69891],{"class":382},"submit\n",[63,69893,69894,69896,69898,69900,69902,69904,69906,69908,69910],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69895,3497],{"class":73},[63,69897,456],{"class":448},[63,69899,69813],{"class":452},[63,69901,456],{"class":448},[63,69903,102],{"class":73},[63,69905,449],{"class":448},[63,69907,69822],{"class":452},[63,69909,456],{"class":448},[63,69911,3229],{"class":73},[20,69913,69914],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[49,69916,69918],{"id":69917},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69920,69921],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[54,69923,69925],{"className":56,"code":69924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69926,69927,69967,69971,69989,69993,70003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69928,69929,69931,69933,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69930,35863],{"class":382},[63,69932,386],{"class":270},[63,69934,3216],{"class":73},[63,69936,2455],{"class":448},[63,69938,3677],{"class":452},[63,69940,2455],{"class":448},[63,69942,102],{"class":73},[63,69944,1375],{"class":448},[63,69946,3686],{"class":452},[63,69948,2455],{"class":448},[63,69950,102],{"class":73},[63,69952,1375],{"class":448},[63,69954,3695],{"class":452},[63,69956,2455],{"class":448},[63,69958,102],{"class":73},[63,69960,1375],{"class":448},[63,69962,32843],{"class":452},[63,69964,2455],{"class":448},[63,69966,3229],{"class":73},[63,69968,69969],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,69970,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69972,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,69974,69552],{"class":382},[63,69976,386],{"class":270},[63,69978,52468],{"class":382},[63,69980,307],{"class":73},[63,69982,25861],{"class":181},[63,69984,74],{"class":73},[63,69986,674],{"class":82},[63,69988,397],{"class":73},[63,69990,69991],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,69992,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,69994,69995,69997,69999,70001],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,69996,70],{"class":69},[63,69998,74],{"class":73},[63,70000,69575],{"class":181},[63,70002,397],{"class":73},[63,70004,70005,70007,70009,70011],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,70006,70],{"class":69},[63,70008,74],{"class":73},[63,70010,35915],{"class":181},[63,70012,397],{"class":73},[20,70014,110],{},[54,70016,70018],{"className":56,"code":70017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70019,70020,70025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70021,70022],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70023,70024],{"class":382},"banana\n",[63,70026,70027,70029,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70028,3497],{"class":73},[63,70030,456],{"class":448},[63,70032,3677],{"class":452},[63,70034,456],{"class":448},[63,70036,102],{"class":73},[63,70038,449],{"class":448},[63,70040,3695],{"class":452},[63,70042,456],{"class":448},[63,70044,102],{"class":73},[63,70046,449],{"class":448},[63,70048,32843],{"class":452},[63,70050,456],{"class":448},[63,70052,3229],{"class":73},[20,70054,70055],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[54,70057,70059],{"className":56,"code":70058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70060,70061,70093,70097,70117,70121,70131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70062,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70064,35863],{"class":382},[63,70066,386],{"class":270},[63,70068,3216],{"class":73},[63,70070,2455],{"class":448},[63,70072,3677],{"class":452},[63,70074,2455],{"class":448},[63,70076,102],{"class":73},[63,70078,1375],{"class":448},[63,70080,3686],{"class":452},[63,70082,2455],{"class":448},[63,70084,102],{"class":73},[63,70086,1375],{"class":448},[63,70088,3695],{"class":452},[63,70090,2455],{"class":448},[63,70092,3229],{"class":73},[63,70094,70095],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70096,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,70098,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111,70113,70115],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,70100,69552],{"class":382},[63,70102,386],{"class":270},[63,70104,52468],{"class":382},[63,70106,307],{"class":73},[63,70108,25861],{"class":181},[63,70110,74],{"class":73},[63,70112,1639],{"class":270},[63,70114,674],{"class":82},[63,70116,397],{"class":73},[63,70118,70119],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,70120,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,70122,70123,70125,70127,70129],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,70124,70],{"class":69},[63,70126,74],{"class":73},[63,70128,69575],{"class":181},[63,70130,397],{"class":73},[63,70132,70133,70135,70137,70139],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,70134,70],{"class":69},[63,70136,74],{"class":73},[63,70138,35915],{"class":181},[63,70140,397],{"class":73},[20,70142,110],{},[54,70144,70146],{"className":56,"code":70145,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70147,70148,70153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70149,70150],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70151,70152],{"class":382},"cherry\n",[63,70154,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70156,3497],{"class":73},[63,70158,456],{"class":448},[63,70160,3677],{"class":452},[63,70162,456],{"class":448},[63,70164,102],{"class":73},[63,70166,449],{"class":448},[63,70168,3686],{"class":452},[63,70170,456],{"class":448},[63,70172,3229],{"class":73},[20,70174,70175,70176,70178],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70177,748],{}," means the last item.",[20,70180,70181,70182,307],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[303,70183,70184,10352],{"href":58583},[15,70185,64485],{},[49,70187,70189],{"id":70188},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70191,70192,70194],{},[15,70193,12378],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70196,70197,70198,3993,70200,307],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70199,12378],{},[303,70201,70202],{"href":54689},[15,70203,55146],{},[20,70205,1820],{},[54,70207,70209],{"className":56,"code":70208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70210,70211,70243,70247,70266,70270,70281],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70212,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70214,4596],{"class":382},[63,70216,386],{"class":270},[63,70218,3216],{"class":73},[63,70220,2455],{"class":448},[63,70222,12496],{"class":452},[63,70224,2455],{"class":448},[63,70226,102],{"class":73},[63,70228,1375],{"class":448},[63,70230,35564],{"class":452},[63,70232,2455],{"class":448},[63,70234,102],{"class":73},[63,70236,1375],{"class":448},[63,70238,35573],{"class":452},[63,70240,2455],{"class":448},[63,70242,3229],{"class":73},[63,70244,70245],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70246,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,70248,70249,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,70250,70251],{"class":382},"removed_name ",[63,70253,386],{"class":270},[63,70255,69194],{"class":382},[63,70257,307],{"class":73},[63,70259,25861],{"class":181},[63,70261,74],{"class":73},[63,70263,1734],{"class":82},[63,70265,397],{"class":73},[63,70267,70268],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,70269,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,70271,70272,70274,70276,70279],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,70273,70],{"class":69},[63,70275,74],{"class":73},[63,70277,70278],{"class":181},"removed_name",[63,70280,397],{"class":73},[63,70282,70283,70285,70287,70289],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,70284,70],{"class":69},[63,70286,74],{"class":73},[63,70288,4640],{"class":181},[63,70290,397],{"class":73},[20,70292,110],{},[54,70294,70296],{"className":56,"code":70295,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70297,70298,70302],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70299,70300],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70301,49655],{"class":382},[63,70303,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70305,3497],{"class":73},[63,70307,456],{"class":448},[63,70309,35564],{"class":452},[63,70311,456],{"class":448},[63,70313,102],{"class":73},[63,70315,449],{"class":448},[63,70317,35573],{"class":452},[63,70319,456],{"class":448},[63,70321,3229],{"class":73},[20,70323,70324],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70326,70327,70328,70330,70331,307],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70329,55146],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70332,3373],{},[49,70334,70336],{"id":70335},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1193,70338,70340],{"id":70339},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70342,70343,70344,70346,70347,307],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70345,12378],{}," raises an ",[15,70348,70349],{},"IndexError",[54,70351,70353],{"className":56,"code":70352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70354,70355,70363],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70356,70357,70359,70361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70358,7386],{"class":382},[63,70360,386],{"class":270},[63,70362,7446],{"class":73},[63,70364,70365,70367,70369,70371],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70366,7417],{"class":382},[63,70368,307],{"class":73},[63,70370,25861],{"class":181},[63,70372,8252],{"class":73},[20,70374,110],{},[54,70376,70378],{"className":56,"code":70377,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70379,70380],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70381,70382,70384,70386,70389,70392,70395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70383,70349],{"class":417},[63,70385,2482],{"class":73},[63,70387,70388],{"class":382}," pop ",[63,70390,70391],{"class":3473},"from",[63,70393,70394],{"class":382}," empty ",[63,70396,49501],{"class":417},[20,70398,38888],{},[30,70400,70401,70406],{},[33,70402,70403,70404],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70405,12378],{},[33,70407,70408,70409,3993,70411],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70410,29424],{},[15,70412,29455],{},[20,70414,1820],{},[54,70416,70418],{"className":56,"code":70417,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70419,70420,70428,70432,70440,70454,70460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70421,70422,70424,70426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70423,7386],{"class":382},[63,70425,386],{"class":270},[63,70427,7446],{"class":73},[63,70429,70430],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70431,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,70433,70434,70436,70438],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,70435,6602],{"class":3473},[63,70437,5568],{"class":382},[63,70439,5996],{"class":73},[63,70441,70442,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,70443,7677],{"class":69},[63,70445,74],{"class":73},[63,70447,7417],{"class":181},[63,70449,307],{"class":73},[63,70451,25861],{"class":181},[63,70453,6799],{"class":73},[63,70455,70456,70458],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,70457,27054],{"class":3473},[63,70459,5996],{"class":73},[63,70461,70462,70464,70466,70468,70471,70473],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,70463,7677],{"class":69},[63,70465,74],{"class":73},[63,70467,2455],{"class":448},[63,70469,70470],{"class":452},"The list is empty.",[63,70472,2455],{"class":448},[63,70474,397],{"class":73},[1193,70476,70478],{"id":70477},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70480,70481,70482,307],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70483,70349],{},[54,70485,70487],{"className":56,"code":70486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70488,70489,70509],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70490,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70492,3211],{"class":382},[63,70494,386],{"class":270},[63,70496,3216],{"class":73},[63,70498,1940],{"class":82},[63,70500,102],{"class":73},[63,70502,7397],{"class":82},[63,70504,102],{"class":73},[63,70506,7402],{"class":82},[63,70508,3229],{"class":73},[63,70510,70511,70513,70515,70517,70519,70521],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70512,3243],{"class":382},[63,70514,307],{"class":73},[63,70516,25861],{"class":181},[63,70518,74],{"class":73},[63,70520,1750],{"class":82},[63,70522,397],{"class":73},[20,70524,110],{},[54,70526,70528],{"className":56,"code":70527,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70529,70530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70531,70532,70534,70536,70539],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70533,70349],{"class":417},[63,70535,2482],{"class":73},[63,70537,70538],{"class":382}," pop index out of ",[63,70540,70541],{"class":69},"range\n",[20,70543,38888],{},[30,70545,70546,70551],{},[33,70547,70548,70549],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70550,41977],{},[33,70552,70553],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[54,70555,70557],{"className":56,"code":70556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70558,70559,70579,70588,70592,70614,70632,70638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70560,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70562,3211],{"class":382},[63,70564,386],{"class":270},[63,70566,3216],{"class":73},[63,70568,1940],{"class":82},[63,70570,102],{"class":73},[63,70572,7397],{"class":82},[63,70574,102],{"class":73},[63,70576,7402],{"class":82},[63,70578,3229],{"class":73},[63,70580,70581,70584,70586],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70582,70583],{"class":382},"index ",[63,70585,386],{"class":270},[63,70587,45207],{"class":82},[63,70589,70590],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,70591,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,70593,70594,70596,70598,70601,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,70595,6602],{"class":3473},[63,70597,3429],{"class":82},[63,70599,70600],{"class":270}," \u003C=",[63,70602,70603],{"class":382}," index ",[63,70605,441],{"class":270},[63,70607,38012],{"class":69},[63,70609,74],{"class":73},[63,70611,3243],{"class":181},[63,70613,7951],{"class":73},[63,70615,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628,70630],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,70617,7677],{"class":69},[63,70619,74],{"class":73},[63,70621,3243],{"class":181},[63,70623,307],{"class":73},[63,70625,25861],{"class":181},[63,70627,74],{"class":73},[63,70629,35469],{"class":181},[63,70631,86],{"class":73},[63,70633,70634,70636],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,70635,27054],{"class":3473},[63,70637,5996],{"class":73},[63,70639,70640,70642,70644,70646,70649,70651],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,70641,7677],{"class":69},[63,70643,74],{"class":73},[63,70645,2455],{"class":448},[63,70647,70648],{"class":452},"Index is out of range.",[63,70650,2455],{"class":448},[63,70652,397],{"class":73},[20,70654,70655,70656,307],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[303,70657,68877],{"href":68876},[1193,70659,70661],{"id":70660},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70663,70664,70666],{},[15,70665,12378],{}," expects an integer index.",[54,70668,70670],{"className":56,"code":70669,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70671,70672,70692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70673,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70675,3211],{"class":382},[63,70677,386],{"class":270},[63,70679,3216],{"class":73},[63,70681,1940],{"class":82},[63,70683,102],{"class":73},[63,70685,7397],{"class":82},[63,70687,102],{"class":73},[63,70689,7402],{"class":82},[63,70691,3229],{"class":73},[63,70693,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70695,3243],{"class":382},[63,70697,307],{"class":73},[63,70699,25861],{"class":181},[63,70701,74],{"class":73},[63,70703,2455],{"class":448},[63,70705,674],{"class":452},[63,70707,2455],{"class":448},[63,70709,397],{"class":73},[20,70711,110],{},[54,70713,70715],{"className":56,"code":70714,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70716,70717],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70718,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70734,70737],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70720,2602],{"class":417},[63,70722,2482],{"class":73},[63,70724,449],{"class":448},[63,70726,3037],{"class":452},[63,70728,456],{"class":448},[63,70730,24237],{"class":417},[63,70732,70733],{"class":382}," cannot be interpreted ",[63,70735,70736],{"class":3473},"as",[63,70738,70739],{"class":382}," an integer\n",[20,70741,38888],{},[30,70743,70744,70753],{},[33,70745,70746,70747,1801,70749,1805,70751],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70748,1734],{},[15,70750,674],{},[15,70752,748],{},[33,70754,70755],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[54,70757,70759],{"className":56,"code":70758,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70760,70761,70781,70799,70803,70821],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70762,70763,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70764,3211],{"class":382},[63,70766,386],{"class":270},[63,70768,3216],{"class":73},[63,70770,1940],{"class":82},[63,70772,102],{"class":73},[63,70774,7397],{"class":82},[63,70776,102],{"class":73},[63,70778,7402],{"class":82},[63,70780,3229],{"class":73},[63,70782,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70784,70583],{"class":382},[63,70786,386],{"class":270},[63,70788,44894],{"class":417},[63,70790,74],{"class":73},[63,70792,2455],{"class":448},[63,70794,674],{"class":452},[63,70796,2455],{"class":448},[63,70798,397],{"class":73},[63,70800,70801],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,70802,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,70804,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,70806,70],{"class":69},[63,70808,74],{"class":73},[63,70810,3243],{"class":181},[63,70812,307],{"class":73},[63,70814,25861],{"class":181},[63,70816,74],{"class":73},[63,70818,35469],{"class":181},[63,70820,86],{"class":73},[63,70822,70823,70825,70827,70829],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,70824,70],{"class":69},[63,70826,74],{"class":73},[63,70828,3243],{"class":181},[63,70830,397],{"class":73},[20,70832,110],{},[54,70834,70836],{"className":56,"code":70835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70837,70838,70843],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70839,70840],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70841,70842],{"class":82},"20\n",[63,70844,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70846,3497],{"class":73},[63,70848,1940],{"class":82},[63,70850,102],{"class":73},[63,70852,7402],{"class":82},[63,70854,3229],{"class":73},[49,70856,70858],{"id":70857},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70860,70861],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1193,70863,128,70865,10213],{"id":70864},"use-pop-when",[15,70866,12378],{},[30,70868,70869,70872,70875],{},[33,70870,70871],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,70873,70874],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,70876,70877],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1193,70879,128,70881,10213],{"id":70880},"use-remove-when",[15,70882,55146],{},[30,70884,70885,70888],{},[33,70886,70887],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,70889,70890],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70892,70893],{},"Compare these examples:",[54,70895,70897],{"className":56,"code":70896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70898,70899,70923,70927,70945,70955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70900,70901,70903,70905,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70902,3211],{"class":382},[63,70904,386],{"class":270},[63,70906,3216],{"class":73},[63,70908,1940],{"class":82},[63,70910,102],{"class":73},[63,70912,7397],{"class":82},[63,70914,102],{"class":73},[63,70916,7402],{"class":82},[63,70918,102],{"class":73},[63,70920,7397],{"class":82},[63,70922,3229],{"class":73},[63,70924,70925],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70926,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,70928,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,70930,69552],{"class":382},[63,70932,386],{"class":270},[63,70934,3862],{"class":382},[63,70936,307],{"class":73},[63,70938,25861],{"class":181},[63,70940,74],{"class":73},[63,70942,674],{"class":82},[63,70944,397],{"class":73},[63,70946,70947,70949,70951,70953],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,70948,70],{"class":69},[63,70950,74],{"class":73},[63,70952,69575],{"class":181},[63,70954,397],{"class":73},[63,70956,70957,70959,70961,70963],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,70958,70],{"class":69},[63,70960,74],{"class":73},[63,70962,3243],{"class":181},[63,70964,397],{"class":73},[20,70966,110],{},[54,70968,70970],{"className":56,"code":70969,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70971,70972,70976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70973,70974],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70975,70842],{"class":82},[63,70977,70978,70980,70982,70984,70986,70988,70990],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,70979,3497],{"class":73},[63,70981,1940],{"class":82},[63,70983,102],{"class":73},[63,70985,7402],{"class":82},[63,70987,102],{"class":73},[63,70989,7397],{"class":82},[63,70991,3229],{"class":73},[54,70993,70995],{"className":56,"code":70994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70996,70997,71021,71025,71039],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70998,70999,71001,71003,71005,71007,71009,71011,71013,71015,71017,71019],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71000,3211],{"class":382},[63,71002,386],{"class":270},[63,71004,3216],{"class":73},[63,71006,1940],{"class":82},[63,71008,102],{"class":73},[63,71010,7397],{"class":82},[63,71012,102],{"class":73},[63,71014,7402],{"class":82},[63,71016,102],{"class":73},[63,71018,7397],{"class":82},[63,71020,3229],{"class":73},[63,71022,71023],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71024,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,71026,71027,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,71028,3243],{"class":382},[63,71030,307],{"class":73},[63,71032,34416],{"class":181},[63,71034,74],{"class":73},[63,71036,15373],{"class":82},[63,71038,397],{"class":73},[63,71040,71041,71043,71045,71047],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,71042,70],{"class":69},[63,71044,74],{"class":73},[63,71046,3243],{"class":181},[63,71048,397],{"class":73},[20,71050,110],{},[54,71052,71054],{"className":56,"code":71053,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71055,71056],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71057,71058,71060,71062,71064,71066,71068,71070],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71059,3497],{"class":73},[63,71061,1940],{"class":82},[63,71063,102],{"class":73},[63,71065,7402],{"class":82},[63,71067,102],{"class":73},[63,71069,7397],{"class":82},[63,71071,3229],{"class":73},[20,71073,71074,71075,71078,71079,307],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71076,71077],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71080,674],{},[20,71082,56222,71083,71086,71087,307],{},[15,71084,71085],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71088,15373],{},[20,71090,71091,71092,307],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[303,71093,54685],{"href":54684},[49,71095,1186],{"id":1185},[20,71097,71098,71099,2482],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71100,12378],{},[30,71102,71103,71106,71109,71115,71119],{},[33,71104,71105],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71107,71108],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71110,36829,71111,8314,71113],{},[15,71112,12378],{},[15,71114,55146],{},[33,71116,1196,71117,61591],{},[15,71118,12378],{},[33,71120,71121],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71123,71124],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[54,71126,71128],{"className":56,"code":71127,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71129,71130,71140,71154,71168,71186],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71131,71132,71134,71136,71138],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71133,70],{"class":69},[63,71135,74],{"class":73},[63,71137,7948],{"class":181},[63,71139,397],{"class":73},[63,71141,71142,71144,71146,71148,71150,71152],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71143,70],{"class":69},[63,71145,74],{"class":73},[63,71147,10774],{"class":69},[63,71149,74],{"class":73},[63,71151,7948],{"class":181},[63,71153,86],{"class":73},[63,71155,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164,71166],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,71157,70],{"class":69},[63,71159,74],{"class":73},[63,71161,7948],{"class":181},[63,71163,307],{"class":73},[63,71165,25861],{"class":181},[63,71167,6799],{"class":73},[63,71169,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,71171,70],{"class":69},[63,71173,74],{"class":73},[63,71175,7948],{"class":181},[63,71177,307],{"class":73},[63,71179,25861],{"class":181},[63,71181,74],{"class":73},[63,71183,1734],{"class":82},[63,71185,86],{"class":73},[63,71187,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196,71198],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,71189,70],{"class":69},[63,71191,74],{"class":73},[63,71193,418],{"class":417},[63,71195,74],{"class":73},[63,71197,35469],{"class":181},[63,71199,86],{"class":73},[20,71201,71202],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71204,71205,71211],{},[33,71206,71207,71210],{},[15,71208,71209],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71212,71213,71216],{},[15,71214,71215],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71218,71219,71220,71223],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71221,71222],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[49,71225,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,71227,71229],{"id":71228},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71231,71232,71233,71235],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71234,12378],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1193,71237,71239],{"id":71238},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71241,71242,71244,71245,71247,71248,307],{},[15,71243,12378],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71246,55146],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71249,3373],{},[1193,71251,71253],{"id":71252},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71255,71256,71257,71260],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71258,71259],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1193,71262,71264],{"id":71263},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71266,71267,71268,71270],{},"Python raises ",[15,71269,70349],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[49,71272,1517],{"id":1516},[30,71274,71275,71279,71284,71289,71294],{},[33,71276,71277],{},[303,71278,55132],{"href":54684},[33,71280,71281],{},[303,71282,71283],{"href":54689},"Python list remove() method",[33,71285,71286],{},[303,71287,71288],{"href":58583},"Python list index() method",[33,71290,71291],{},[303,71292,71293],{"href":50595},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71295,71296],{},[303,71297,68877],{"href":68876},[1542,71299,71300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":71302},[71303,71304,71305,71306,71307,71308,71309,71314,71320,71321,71327],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":69478,"depth":89,"text":69479},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":69788,"depth":89,"text":69789},{"id":69917,"depth":89,"text":69918},{"id":70188,"depth":89,"text":70189},{"id":70335,"depth":89,"text":70336,"children":71310},[71311,71312,71313],{"id":70339,"depth":254,"text":70340},{"id":70477,"depth":254,"text":70478},{"id":70660,"depth":254,"text":70661},{"id":70857,"depth":89,"text":70858,"children":71315},[71316,71318],{"id":70864,"depth":254,"text":71317},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70880,"depth":254,"text":71319},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":71322},[71323,71324,71325,71326],{"id":71228,"depth":254,"text":71229},{"id":71238,"depth":254,"text":71239},{"id":71252,"depth":254,"text":71253},{"id":71263,"depth":254,"text":71264},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69345,"description":71328},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71335,"title":71336,"body":71337,"description":73123,"extension":1580,"meta":73124,"navigation":579,"path":73125,"seo":73126,"stem":73127,"__hash__":73128},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71338,"toc":73105},[71339,71342,71347,71353,71355,71425,71431,71435,71440,71461,71464,71531,71533,71554,71562,71564,71583,71599,71601,71666,71668,71693,71695,71697,71762,71764,71789,71791,71805,71808,71861,71863,71884,71888,71896,71969,71971,72004,72010,72016,72107,72109,72134,72140,72229,72231,72255,72257,72261,72316,72318,72350,72353,72356,72450,72452,72485,72491,72497,72501,72508,72534,72538,72603,72605,72630,72634,72715,72717,72746,72751,72756,72762,72766,72773,72795,72799,72858,72860,72884,72893,72898,72900,72904,72933,72935,73010,73013,73027,73033,73035,73039,73042,73046,73051,73055,73064,73068,73076,73078,73102],[10,71340,71336],{"id":71341},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71343,1597,71344,71346],{},[15,71345,54692],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71348,71349,71350,71352],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[833,71351,1002],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[49,71354,52],{"id":51},[54,71356,71358],{"className":56,"code":71357,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71359,71360,71392,71410,71420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71361,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71363,7386],{"class":382},[63,71365,386],{"class":270},[63,71367,3216],{"class":73},[63,71369,2455],{"class":448},[63,71371,3677],{"class":452},[63,71373,2455],{"class":448},[63,71375,102],{"class":73},[63,71377,1375],{"class":448},[63,71379,3686],{"class":452},[63,71381,2455],{"class":448},[63,71383,102],{"class":73},[63,71385,1375],{"class":448},[63,71387,32843],{"class":452},[63,71389,2455],{"class":448},[63,71391,3229],{"class":73},[63,71393,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71395,7417],{"class":382},[63,71397,307],{"class":73},[63,71399,34416],{"class":181},[63,71401,74],{"class":73},[63,71403,2455],{"class":448},[63,71405,3686],{"class":452},[63,71407,2455],{"class":448},[63,71409,397],{"class":73},[63,71411,71412,71414,71416,71418],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,71413,70],{"class":69},[63,71415,74],{"class":73},[63,71417,7417],{"class":181},[63,71419,397],{"class":73},[63,71421,71422],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,71423,71424],{"class":1357},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71426,128,71427,71430],{},[15,71428,71429],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[49,71432,71434],{"id":71433},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71436,71437,71439],{},[15,71438,55146],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71441,71442,71448,71453,71458],{},[33,71443,71444,71445,71447],{},"Deletes the ",[833,71446,29529],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71449,71450,71451],{},"Changes the original list ",[833,71452,10947],{},[33,71454,1459,71455,71457],{},[833,71456,973],{}," return a new list",[33,71459,71460],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71462,71463],{},"This is important for beginners:",[54,71465,71467],{"className":56,"code":71466,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71468,71469,71489,71507,71511,71521],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71470,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71472,3211],{"class":382},[63,71474,386],{"class":270},[63,71476,3216],{"class":73},[63,71478,674],{"class":82},[63,71480,102],{"class":73},[63,71482,105],{"class":82},[63,71484,102],{"class":73},[63,71486,518],{"class":82},[63,71488,3229],{"class":73},[63,71490,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71492,383],{"class":382},[63,71494,386],{"class":270},[63,71496,3862],{"class":382},[63,71498,307],{"class":73},[63,71500,34416],{"class":181},[63,71502,74],{"class":73},[63,71504,274],{"class":82},[63,71506,397],{"class":73},[63,71508,71509],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,71510,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,71512,71513,71515,71517,71519],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,71514,70],{"class":69},[63,71516,74],{"class":73},[63,71518,3243],{"class":181},[63,71520,397],{"class":73},[63,71522,71523,71525,71527,71529],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,71524,70],{"class":69},[63,71526,74],{"class":73},[63,71528,406],{"class":181},[63,71530,397],{"class":73},[20,71532,110],{},[54,71534,71536],{"className":56,"code":71535,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71537,71538,71550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71539,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71541,3497],{"class":73},[63,71543,674],{"class":82},[63,71545,102],{"class":73},[63,71547,518],{"class":82},[63,71549,3229],{"class":73},[63,71551,71552],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71553,11423],{"class":3448},[20,71555,71556,71557,71559,71560,307],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71558,55146],{}," itself returned ",[15,71561,3373],{},[49,71563,5034],{"id":5033},[54,71565,71567],{"className":56,"code":71566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71568,71569],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71570,71571,71573,71575,71577,71579,71581],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71572,7702],{"class":417},[63,71574,307],{"class":73},[63,71576,34416],{"class":181},[63,71578,74],{"class":73},[63,71580,1002],{"class":181},[63,71582,397],{"class":73},[30,71584,71585,71590,71593],{},[33,71586,71587,71589],{},[15,71588,1002],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,71591,71592],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,71594,71595,71596,71598],{},"Only the ",[833,71597,29529],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71600,1820],{},[54,71602,71604],{"className":56,"code":71603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71605,71606,71638,71656],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71607,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620,71622,71624,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71609,35714],{"class":382},[63,71611,386],{"class":270},[63,71613,3216],{"class":73},[63,71615,2455],{"class":448},[63,71617,303],{"class":452},[63,71619,2455],{"class":448},[63,71621,102],{"class":73},[63,71623,1375],{"class":448},[63,71625,4362],{"class":452},[63,71627,2455],{"class":448},[63,71629,102],{"class":73},[63,71631,1375],{"class":448},[63,71633,9350],{"class":452},[63,71635,2455],{"class":448},[63,71637,3229],{"class":73},[63,71639,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71641,35767],{"class":382},[63,71643,307],{"class":73},[63,71645,34416],{"class":181},[63,71647,74],{"class":73},[63,71649,2455],{"class":448},[63,71651,4362],{"class":452},[63,71653,2455],{"class":448},[63,71655,397],{"class":73},[63,71657,71658,71660,71662,71664],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,71659,70],{"class":69},[63,71661,74],{"class":73},[63,71663,35767],{"class":181},[63,71665,397],{"class":73},[20,71667,110],{},[54,71669,71671],{"className":56,"code":71670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71672,71673],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71674,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71676,3497],{"class":73},[63,71678,456],{"class":448},[63,71680,303],{"class":452},[63,71682,456],{"class":448},[63,71684,102],{"class":73},[63,71686,449],{"class":448},[63,71688,9350],{"class":452},[63,71690,456],{"class":448},[63,71692,3229],{"class":73},[49,71694,5389],{"id":5388},[20,71696,64794],{},[54,71698,71700],{"className":56,"code":71699,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71701,71702,71734,71752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71703,71704,71706,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71705,12692],{"class":382},[63,71707,386],{"class":270},[63,71709,3216],{"class":73},[63,71711,2455],{"class":448},[63,71713,12709],{"class":452},[63,71715,2455],{"class":448},[63,71717,102],{"class":73},[63,71719,1375],{"class":448},[63,71721,12726],{"class":452},[63,71723,2455],{"class":448},[63,71725,102],{"class":73},[63,71727,1375],{"class":448},[63,71729,17074],{"class":452},[63,71731,2455],{"class":448},[63,71733,3229],{"class":73},[63,71735,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71737,17121],{"class":382},[63,71739,307],{"class":73},[63,71741,34416],{"class":181},[63,71743,74],{"class":73},[63,71745,2455],{"class":448},[63,71747,12726],{"class":452},[63,71749,2455],{"class":448},[63,71751,397],{"class":73},[63,71753,71754,71756,71758,71760],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,71755,70],{"class":69},[63,71757,74],{"class":73},[63,71759,17121],{"class":181},[63,71761,397],{"class":73},[20,71763,110],{},[54,71765,71767],{"className":56,"code":71766,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71768,71769],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71770,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71772,3497],{"class":73},[63,71774,456],{"class":448},[63,71776,12709],{"class":452},[63,71778,456],{"class":448},[63,71780,102],{"class":73},[63,71782,449],{"class":448},[63,71784,17074],{"class":452},[63,71786,456],{"class":448},[63,71788,3229],{"class":73},[20,71790,11298],{},[30,71792,71793,71796,71802],{},[33,71794,71795],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,71797,71798,71801],{},[15,71799,71800],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,71803,71804],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71806,71807],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[54,71809,71811],{"className":56,"code":71810,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71812,71813,71837,71851],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71814,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71816,4665],{"class":382},[63,71818,386],{"class":270},[63,71820,3216],{"class":73},[63,71822,1940],{"class":82},[63,71824,102],{"class":73},[63,71826,7397],{"class":82},[63,71828,102],{"class":73},[63,71830,7402],{"class":82},[63,71832,102],{"class":73},[63,71834,50459],{"class":82},[63,71836,3229],{"class":73},[63,71838,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71840,16008],{"class":382},[63,71842,307],{"class":73},[63,71844,34416],{"class":181},[63,71846,74],{"class":73},[63,71848,36466],{"class":82},[63,71850,397],{"class":73},[63,71852,71853,71855,71857,71859],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,71854,70],{"class":69},[63,71856,74],{"class":73},[63,71858,16008],{"class":181},[63,71860,397],{"class":73},[20,71862,110],{},[54,71864,71866],{"className":56,"code":71865,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71867,71868],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71869,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71871,3497],{"class":73},[63,71873,1940],{"class":82},[63,71875,102],{"class":73},[63,71877,7397],{"class":82},[63,71879,102],{"class":73},[63,71881,50459],{"class":82},[63,71883,3229],{"class":73},[49,71885,71887],{"id":71886},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71889,64784,71890,71892,71893,71895],{},[15,71891,55146],{}," deletes only the ",[833,71894,29529],{}," one.",[54,71897,71899],{"className":56,"code":71898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71900,71901,71941,71959],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71902,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71904,7386],{"class":382},[63,71906,386],{"class":270},[63,71908,3216],{"class":73},[63,71910,2455],{"class":448},[63,71912,3677],{"class":452},[63,71914,2455],{"class":448},[63,71916,102],{"class":73},[63,71918,1375],{"class":448},[63,71920,3686],{"class":452},[63,71922,2455],{"class":448},[63,71924,102],{"class":73},[63,71926,1375],{"class":448},[63,71928,3677],{"class":452},[63,71930,2455],{"class":448},[63,71932,102],{"class":73},[63,71934,1375],{"class":448},[63,71936,32843],{"class":452},[63,71938,2455],{"class":448},[63,71940,3229],{"class":73},[63,71942,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,71944,7417],{"class":382},[63,71946,307],{"class":73},[63,71948,34416],{"class":181},[63,71950,74],{"class":73},[63,71952,2455],{"class":448},[63,71954,3677],{"class":452},[63,71956,2455],{"class":448},[63,71958,397],{"class":73},[63,71960,71961,71963,71965,71967],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,71962,70],{"class":69},[63,71964,74],{"class":73},[63,71966,7417],{"class":181},[63,71968,397],{"class":73},[20,71970,110],{},[54,71972,71974],{"className":56,"code":71973,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71975,71976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71977,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71979,3497],{"class":73},[63,71981,456],{"class":448},[63,71983,3686],{"class":452},[63,71985,456],{"class":448},[63,71987,102],{"class":73},[63,71989,449],{"class":448},[63,71991,3677],{"class":452},[63,71993,456],{"class":448},[63,71995,102],{"class":73},[63,71997,449],{"class":448},[63,71999,32843],{"class":452},[63,72001,456],{"class":448},[63,72003,3229],{"class":73},[20,72005,72006,72007,72009],{},"Only the first ",[15,72008,57451],{}," was removed.",[20,72011,72012,72013,72015],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72014,55146],{}," again:",[54,72017,72019],{"className":56,"code":72018,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72020,72021,72061,72079,72097],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72022,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72024,7386],{"class":382},[63,72026,386],{"class":270},[63,72028,3216],{"class":73},[63,72030,2455],{"class":448},[63,72032,3677],{"class":452},[63,72034,2455],{"class":448},[63,72036,102],{"class":73},[63,72038,1375],{"class":448},[63,72040,3686],{"class":452},[63,72042,2455],{"class":448},[63,72044,102],{"class":73},[63,72046,1375],{"class":448},[63,72048,3677],{"class":452},[63,72050,2455],{"class":448},[63,72052,102],{"class":73},[63,72054,1375],{"class":448},[63,72056,32843],{"class":452},[63,72058,2455],{"class":448},[63,72060,3229],{"class":73},[63,72062,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72064,7417],{"class":382},[63,72066,307],{"class":73},[63,72068,34416],{"class":181},[63,72070,74],{"class":73},[63,72072,2455],{"class":448},[63,72074,3677],{"class":452},[63,72076,2455],{"class":448},[63,72078,397],{"class":73},[63,72080,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,72082,7417],{"class":382},[63,72084,307],{"class":73},[63,72086,34416],{"class":181},[63,72088,74],{"class":73},[63,72090,2455],{"class":448},[63,72092,3677],{"class":452},[63,72094,2455],{"class":448},[63,72096,397],{"class":73},[63,72098,72099,72101,72103,72105],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,72100,70],{"class":69},[63,72102,74],{"class":73},[63,72104,7417],{"class":181},[63,72106,397],{"class":73},[20,72108,110],{},[54,72110,72112],{"className":56,"code":72111,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72113,72114],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72115,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72117,3497],{"class":73},[63,72119,456],{"class":448},[63,72121,3686],{"class":452},[63,72123,456],{"class":448},[63,72125,102],{"class":73},[63,72127,449],{"class":448},[63,72129,32843],{"class":452},[63,72131,456],{"class":448},[63,72133,3229],{"class":73},[20,72135,72136,72137,72139],{},"If you need to remove ",[833,72138,3310],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[54,72141,72143],{"className":56,"code":72142,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72144,72145,72185,72219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72146,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72148,7386],{"class":382},[63,72150,386],{"class":270},[63,72152,3216],{"class":73},[63,72154,2455],{"class":448},[63,72156,3677],{"class":452},[63,72158,2455],{"class":448},[63,72160,102],{"class":73},[63,72162,1375],{"class":448},[63,72164,3686],{"class":452},[63,72166,2455],{"class":448},[63,72168,102],{"class":73},[63,72170,1375],{"class":448},[63,72172,3677],{"class":452},[63,72174,2455],{"class":448},[63,72176,102],{"class":73},[63,72178,1375],{"class":448},[63,72180,32843],{"class":452},[63,72182,2455],{"class":448},[63,72184,3229],{"class":73},[63,72186,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72204,72206,72208,72211,72213,72215,72217],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72188,7386],{"class":382},[63,72190,386],{"class":270},[63,72192,3216],{"class":73},[63,72194,28158],{"class":382},[63,72196,5560],{"class":3473},[63,72198,5563],{"class":382},[63,72200,3480],{"class":3473},[63,72202,72203],{"class":382}," items ",[63,72205,6602],{"class":3473},[63,72207,5563],{"class":382},[63,72209,72210],{"class":270},"!=",[63,72212,1375],{"class":448},[63,72214,3677],{"class":452},[63,72216,2455],{"class":448},[63,72218,3229],{"class":73},[63,72220,72221,72223,72225,72227],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,72222,70],{"class":69},[63,72224,74],{"class":73},[63,72226,7417],{"class":181},[63,72228,397],{"class":73},[20,72230,110],{},[54,72232,72233],{"className":56,"code":72111,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,72234,72235],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72236,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72238,3497],{"class":73},[63,72240,456],{"class":448},[63,72242,3686],{"class":452},[63,72244,456],{"class":448},[63,72246,102],{"class":73},[63,72248,449],{"class":448},[63,72250,32843],{"class":452},[63,72252,456],{"class":448},[63,72254,3229],{"class":73},[49,72256,65249],{"id":65248},[20,72258,65252,72259,307],{},[15,72260,40326],{},[54,72262,72264],{"className":56,"code":72263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72265,72266,72298],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72267,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72269,7386],{"class":382},[63,72271,386],{"class":270},[63,72273,3216],{"class":73},[63,72275,2455],{"class":448},[63,72277,3677],{"class":452},[63,72279,2455],{"class":448},[63,72281,102],{"class":73},[63,72283,1375],{"class":448},[63,72285,3686],{"class":452},[63,72287,2455],{"class":448},[63,72289,102],{"class":73},[63,72291,1375],{"class":448},[63,72293,32843],{"class":452},[63,72295,2455],{"class":448},[63,72297,3229],{"class":73},[63,72299,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72301,7417],{"class":382},[63,72303,307],{"class":73},[63,72305,34416],{"class":181},[63,72307,74],{"class":73},[63,72309,2455],{"class":448},[63,72311,22153],{"class":452},[63,72313,2455],{"class":448},[63,72315,397],{"class":73},[20,72317,110],{},[54,72319,72321],{"className":56,"code":72320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72322,72323],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72324,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72326,40326],{"class":417},[63,72328,2482],{"class":73},[63,72330,22180],{"class":417},[63,72332,307],{"class":73},[63,72334,34416],{"class":181},[63,72336,74],{"class":73},[63,72338,1786],{"class":181},[63,72340,16070],{"class":73},[63,72342,3477],{"class":382},[63,72344,973],{"class":270},[63,72346,20793],{"class":270},[63,72348,72349],{"class":417}," list\n",[20,72351,72352],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72354,72355],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[54,72357,72359],{"className":56,"code":72358,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72360,72361,72393,72405,72409,72421,72436,72440],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72362,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72364,7386],{"class":382},[63,72366,386],{"class":270},[63,72368,3216],{"class":73},[63,72370,2455],{"class":448},[63,72372,3677],{"class":452},[63,72374,2455],{"class":448},[63,72376,102],{"class":73},[63,72378,1375],{"class":448},[63,72380,3686],{"class":452},[63,72382,2455],{"class":448},[63,72384,102],{"class":73},[63,72386,1375],{"class":448},[63,72388,32843],{"class":452},[63,72390,2455],{"class":448},[63,72392,3229],{"class":73},[63,72394,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72396,984],{"class":382},[63,72398,386],{"class":270},[63,72400,1375],{"class":448},[63,72402,22153],{"class":452},[63,72404,1381],{"class":448},[63,72406,72407],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,72408,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,72410,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,72412,6602],{"class":3473},[63,72414,21204],{"class":382},[63,72416,3480],{"class":270},[63,72418,5568],{"class":382},[63,72420,5996],{"class":73},[63,72422,72423,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,72424,72425],{"class":382},"    items",[63,72427,307],{"class":73},[63,72429,34416],{"class":181},[63,72431,74],{"class":73},[63,72433,1002],{"class":181},[63,72435,397],{"class":73},[63,72437,72438],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,72439,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,72441,72442,72444,72446,72448],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,72443,70],{"class":69},[63,72445,74],{"class":73},[63,72447,7417],{"class":181},[63,72449,397],{"class":73},[20,72451,110],{},[54,72453,72455],{"className":56,"code":72454,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72456,72457],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72458,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72460,3497],{"class":73},[63,72462,456],{"class":448},[63,72464,3677],{"class":452},[63,72466,456],{"class":448},[63,72468,102],{"class":73},[63,72470,449],{"class":448},[63,72472,3686],{"class":452},[63,72474,456],{"class":448},[63,72476,102],{"class":73},[63,72478,449],{"class":448},[63,72480,32843],{"class":452},[63,72482,456],{"class":448},[63,72484,3229],{"class":73},[20,72486,72487,72488,72490],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72489,55146],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72492,72493,72494,307],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[303,72495,65458],{"href":72496},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[49,72498,72500],{"id":72499},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72502,72503,3993,72505,72507],{},[15,72504,55146],{},[15,72506,12378],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72509,72510,72517,72523,72529],{},[33,72511,72512,72514,72515],{},[15,72513,55146],{}," deletes by ",[833,72516,1002],{},[33,72518,72519,72514,72521],{},[15,72520,12378],{},[833,72522,35469],{},[33,72524,72525,2004,72527],{},[15,72526,55146],{},[15,72528,3373],{},[33,72530,72531,72533],{},[15,72532,12378],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72535,45658,72536,2482],{},[15,72537,55146],{},[54,72539,72541],{"className":56,"code":72540,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72542,72543,72575,72593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72544,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72546,7386],{"class":382},[63,72548,386],{"class":270},[63,72550,3216],{"class":73},[63,72552,2455],{"class":448},[63,72554,3677],{"class":452},[63,72556,2455],{"class":448},[63,72558,102],{"class":73},[63,72560,1375],{"class":448},[63,72562,3686],{"class":452},[63,72564,2455],{"class":448},[63,72566,102],{"class":73},[63,72568,1375],{"class":448},[63,72570,32843],{"class":452},[63,72572,2455],{"class":448},[63,72574,3229],{"class":73},[63,72576,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72578,7417],{"class":382},[63,72580,307],{"class":73},[63,72582,34416],{"class":181},[63,72584,74],{"class":73},[63,72586,2455],{"class":448},[63,72588,3686],{"class":452},[63,72590,2455],{"class":448},[63,72592,397],{"class":73},[63,72594,72595,72597,72599,72601],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,72596,70],{"class":69},[63,72598,74],{"class":73},[63,72600,7417],{"class":181},[63,72602,397],{"class":73},[20,72604,110],{},[54,72606,72608],{"className":56,"code":72607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72609,72610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72611,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72613,3497],{"class":73},[63,72615,456],{"class":448},[63,72617,3677],{"class":452},[63,72619,456],{"class":448},[63,72621,102],{"class":73},[63,72623,449],{"class":448},[63,72625,32843],{"class":452},[63,72627,456],{"class":448},[63,72629,3229],{"class":73},[20,72631,45658,72632,2482],{},[15,72633,12378],{},[54,72635,72637],{"className":56,"code":72636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72638,72639,72671,72690,72694,72704],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72640,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72642,7386],{"class":382},[63,72644,386],{"class":270},[63,72646,3216],{"class":73},[63,72648,2455],{"class":448},[63,72650,3677],{"class":452},[63,72652,2455],{"class":448},[63,72654,102],{"class":73},[63,72656,1375],{"class":448},[63,72658,3686],{"class":452},[63,72660,2455],{"class":448},[63,72662,102],{"class":73},[63,72664,1375],{"class":448},[63,72666,32843],{"class":452},[63,72668,2455],{"class":448},[63,72670,3229],{"class":73},[63,72672,72673,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72674,72675],{"class":382},"removed_item ",[63,72677,386],{"class":270},[63,72679,5568],{"class":382},[63,72681,307],{"class":73},[63,72683,25861],{"class":181},[63,72685,74],{"class":73},[63,72687,674],{"class":82},[63,72689,397],{"class":73},[63,72691,72692],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,72693,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,72695,72696,72698,72700,72702],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,72697,70],{"class":69},[63,72699,74],{"class":73},[63,72701,7417],{"class":181},[63,72703,397],{"class":73},[63,72705,72706,72708,72710,72713],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,72707,70],{"class":69},[63,72709,74],{"class":73},[63,72711,72712],{"class":181},"removed_item",[63,72714,397],{"class":73},[20,72716,110],{},[54,72718,72720],{"className":56,"code":72719,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72721,72722,72742],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72723,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72725,3497],{"class":73},[63,72727,456],{"class":448},[63,72729,3677],{"class":452},[63,72731,456],{"class":448},[63,72733,102],{"class":73},[63,72735,449],{"class":448},[63,72737,32843],{"class":452},[63,72739,456],{"class":448},[63,72741,3229],{"class":73},[63,72743,72744],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72745,70024],{"class":382},[20,72747,128,72748,72750],{},[15,72749,55146],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72752,128,72753,72755],{},[15,72754,12378],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72757,72758,72759,307],{},"For more detail, see the ",[303,72760,72761],{"href":54696},"Python list pop() method",[49,72763,72765],{"id":72764},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72767,72768,3993,72770,72772],{},[15,72769,55146],{},[15,72771,26645],{}," are also different.",[30,72774,72775,72780,72785,72790],{},[33,72776,72777,72779],{},[15,72778,55146],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,72781,72782,72784],{},[15,72783,26645],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,72786,128,72787,72789],{},[15,72788,26645],{}," when you know the position",[33,72791,128,72792,72794],{},[15,72793,55146],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72796,45658,72797,2482],{},[15,72798,26645],{},[54,72800,72802],{"className":56,"code":72801,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72803,72804,72836,72848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72805,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72807,7386],{"class":382},[63,72809,386],{"class":270},[63,72811,3216],{"class":73},[63,72813,2455],{"class":448},[63,72815,3677],{"class":452},[63,72817,2455],{"class":448},[63,72819,102],{"class":73},[63,72821,1375],{"class":448},[63,72823,3686],{"class":452},[63,72825,2455],{"class":448},[63,72827,102],{"class":73},[63,72829,1375],{"class":448},[63,72831,32843],{"class":452},[63,72833,2455],{"class":448},[63,72835,3229],{"class":73},[63,72837,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72839,26645],{"class":3473},[63,72841,5568],{"class":382},[63,72843,3497],{"class":73},[63,72845,674],{"class":82},[63,72847,3229],{"class":73},[63,72849,72850,72852,72854,72856],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,72851,70],{"class":69},[63,72853,74],{"class":73},[63,72855,7417],{"class":181},[63,72857,397],{"class":73},[20,72859,110],{},[54,72861,72862],{"className":56,"code":72607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,72863,72864],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72865,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72867,3497],{"class":73},[63,72869,456],{"class":448},[63,72871,3677],{"class":452},[63,72873,456],{"class":448},[63,72875,102],{"class":73},[63,72877,449],{"class":448},[63,72879,32843],{"class":452},[63,72881,456],{"class":448},[63,72883,3229],{"class":73},[20,72885,72886,72887,72889,72890,72892],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72888,674],{},", not the value ",[15,72891,64894],{}," directly.",[20,72894,72895,72896,307],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[303,72897,54685],{"href":54684},[49,72899,1186],{"id":1185},[20,72901,20831,72902,2482],{},[15,72903,55146],{},[30,72905,72906,72909,72914,72921,72930],{},[33,72907,72908],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,72910,1196,72911,72913],{},[15,72912,55146],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,72915,12210,72916,72918,72919],{},[15,72917,55146],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72920,3373],{},[33,72922,311,72923,44247,72925,632,72927,72929],{},[15,72924,55146],{},[15,72926,12378],{},[15,72928,26645],{}," would be a better fit",[33,72931,72932],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72934,71124],{},[54,72936,72938],{"className":56,"code":72937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72939,72940,72950,72964,72982,72996],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72941,72942,72944,72946,72948],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72943,70],{"class":69},[63,72945,74],{"class":73},[63,72947,7948],{"class":181},[63,72949,397],{"class":73},[63,72951,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,72953,70],{"class":69},[63,72955,74],{"class":73},[63,72957,984],{"class":181},[63,72959,3480],{"class":3473},[63,72961,8005],{"class":181},[63,72963,397],{"class":73},[63,72965,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,72967,70],{"class":69},[63,72969,74],{"class":73},[63,72971,7948],{"class":181},[63,72973,307],{"class":73},[63,72975,40876],{"class":181},[63,72977,74],{"class":73},[63,72979,1002],{"class":181},[63,72981,86],{"class":73},[63,72983,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,72985,70],{"class":69},[63,72987,74],{"class":73},[63,72989,418],{"class":417},[63,72991,74],{"class":73},[63,72993,7948],{"class":181},[63,72995,86],{"class":73},[63,72997,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,72999,31774],{"class":69},[63,73001,74],{"class":73},[63,73003,7702],{"class":417},[63,73005,307],{"class":73},[63,73007,34416],{"class":24370},[63,73009,397],{"class":73},[20,73011,73012],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73014,73015,73018,73021,73024],{},[33,73016,73017],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73019,73020],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73022,73023],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73025,73026],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73028,73029,73030,73032],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[303,73031,71288],{"href":58583}," may also help.",[49,73034,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,73036,73038],{"id":73037},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73040,73041],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1193,73043,73045],{"id":73044},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73047,4750,73048,73050],{},[15,73049,3373],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1193,73052,73054],{"id":73053},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73056,73057,73058,73061,73062,307],{},"Check with ",[15,73059,73060],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73063,55146],{},[1193,73065,73067],{"id":73066},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73069,128,73070,73072,73073,73075],{},[15,73071,55146],{}," for a value and ",[15,73074,12378],{}," for an index.",[49,73077,1517],{"id":1516},[30,73079,73080,73084,73088,73092,73096],{},[33,73081,73082],{},[303,73083,55132],{"href":54684},[33,73085,73086],{},[303,73087,72761],{"href":54696},[33,73089,73090],{},[303,73091,71288],{"href":58583},[33,73093,73094],{},[303,73095,65458],{"href":72496},[33,73097,73098],{},[303,73099,73101],{"href":73100},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1542,73103,73104],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":73106},[73107,73108,73109,73110,73111,73112,73113,73114,73115,73116,73122],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":71433,"depth":89,"text":71434},{"id":5033,"depth":89,"text":5034},{"id":5388,"depth":89,"text":5389},{"id":71886,"depth":89,"text":71887},{"id":65248,"depth":89,"text":65249},{"id":72499,"depth":89,"text":72500},{"id":72764,"depth":89,"text":72765},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":73117},[73118,73119,73120,73121],{"id":73037,"depth":254,"text":73038},{"id":73044,"depth":254,"text":73045},{"id":73053,"depth":254,"text":73054},{"id":73066,"depth":254,"text":73067},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71336,"description":73123},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73130,"title":73131,"body":73132,"description":75023,"extension":1580,"meta":75024,"navigation":579,"path":75025,"seo":75026,"stem":75027,"__hash__":75028},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73133,"toc":74993},[73134,73140,73146,73149,73160,73162,73211,73216,73221,73225,73240,73242,73307,73309,73350,73352,73354,73369,73371,73382,73384,73441,73443,73476,73478,73481,73530,73532,73557,73559,73575,73581,73588,73649,73651,73684,73689,73692,73772,73774,73835,73841,73845,73848,73912,73914,73939,73941,73961,73963,74012,74014,74035,74044,74047,74051,74056,74101,74103,74124,74130,74135,74143,74207,74209,74246,74252,74256,74263,74328,74330,74367,74371,74388,74398,74403,74408,74419,74426,74428,74434,74457,74460,74487,74492,74495,74596,74598,74653,74656,74763,74765,74836,74839,74865,74867,74872,74876,74884,74889,74894,74900,74905,74909,74912,74929,74932,74952,74960,74962,74990],[10,73135,53959,73137,10935],{"id":73136},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73138,73139],{},"reverse()",[20,73141,73142,73145],{},[15,73143,73144],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73147,73148],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73150,73151,73152,73154,73155,73159],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73153,73139],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[303,73156,73158],{"href":73157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[49,73161,3201],{"id":3200},[54,73163,73165],{"className":56,"code":73164,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73166,73167,73187,73198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73168,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73170,3211],{"class":382},[63,73172,386],{"class":270},[63,73174,3216],{"class":73},[63,73176,674],{"class":82},[63,73178,102],{"class":73},[63,73180,105],{"class":82},[63,73182,102],{"class":73},[63,73184,518],{"class":82},[63,73186,3229],{"class":73},[63,73188,73189,73191,73193,73196],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73190,3243],{"class":382},[63,73192,307],{"class":73},[63,73194,73195],{"class":181},"reverse",[63,73197,8252],{"class":73},[63,73199,73200,73202,73204,73206,73208],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,73201,70],{"class":69},[63,73203,74],{"class":73},[63,73205,3243],{"class":181},[63,73207,3256],{"class":73},[63,73209,73210],{"class":1357},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73212,73213,73215],{},[15,73214,73139],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[49,73217,138,73219,141],{"id":73218},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73220,73144],{},[20,73222,73223,2482],{},[15,73224,73144],{},[30,73226,73227,73230,73233,73237],{},[33,73228,73229],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73231,73232],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73234,11037,73235],{},[15,73236,3373],{},[33,73238,73239],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73241,1820],{},[54,73243,73245],{"className":56,"code":73244,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73246,73247,73287,73297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73248,73249,73251,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73250,35714],{"class":382},[63,73252,386],{"class":270},[63,73254,3216],{"class":73},[63,73256,2455],{"class":448},[63,73258,303],{"class":452},[63,73260,2455],{"class":448},[63,73262,102],{"class":73},[63,73264,1375],{"class":448},[63,73266,4362],{"class":452},[63,73268,2455],{"class":448},[63,73270,102],{"class":73},[63,73272,1375],{"class":448},[63,73274,9350],{"class":452},[63,73276,2455],{"class":448},[63,73278,102],{"class":73},[63,73280,1375],{"class":448},[63,73282,18387],{"class":452},[63,73284,2455],{"class":448},[63,73286,3229],{"class":73},[63,73288,73289,73291,73293,73295],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73290,35767],{"class":382},[63,73292,307],{"class":73},[63,73294,73195],{"class":181},[63,73296,8252],{"class":73},[63,73298,73299,73301,73303,73305],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,73300,70],{"class":69},[63,73302,74],{"class":73},[63,73304,35767],{"class":181},[63,73306,397],{"class":73},[20,73308,110],{},[54,73310,73312],{"className":56,"code":73311,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73313,73314],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73315,73316,73318,73320,73322,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73317,3497],{"class":73},[63,73319,456],{"class":448},[63,73321,18387],{"class":452},[63,73323,456],{"class":448},[63,73325,102],{"class":73},[63,73327,449],{"class":448},[63,73329,9350],{"class":452},[63,73331,456],{"class":448},[63,73333,102],{"class":73},[63,73335,449],{"class":448},[63,73337,4362],{"class":452},[63,73339,456],{"class":448},[63,73341,102],{"class":73},[63,73343,449],{"class":448},[63,73345,303],{"class":452},[63,73347,456],{"class":448},[63,73349,3229],{"class":73},[49,73351,164],{"id":163},[20,73353,167],{},[54,73355,73357],{"className":56,"code":73356,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73358,73359],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73360,73361,73363,73365,73367],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73362,7948],{"class":382},[63,73364,307],{"class":73},[63,73366,73195],{"class":181},[63,73368,8252],{"class":73},[20,73370,12668],{},[30,73372,73373,73376,73379],{},[33,73374,73375],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73377,73378],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73380,73381],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73383,1820],{},[54,73385,73387],{"className":56,"code":73386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73388,73389,73421,73431],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73390,73391,73393,73395,73397,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73392,12692],{"class":382},[63,73394,386],{"class":270},[63,73396,3216],{"class":73},[63,73398,2455],{"class":448},[63,73400,12709],{"class":452},[63,73402,2455],{"class":448},[63,73404,102],{"class":73},[63,73406,1375],{"class":448},[63,73408,17074],{"class":452},[63,73410,2455],{"class":448},[63,73412,102],{"class":73},[63,73414,1375],{"class":448},[63,73416,12726],{"class":452},[63,73418,2455],{"class":448},[63,73420,3229],{"class":73},[63,73422,73423,73425,73427,73429],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73424,17121],{"class":382},[63,73426,307],{"class":73},[63,73428,73195],{"class":181},[63,73430,8252],{"class":73},[63,73432,73433,73435,73437,73439],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,73434,70],{"class":69},[63,73436,74],{"class":73},[63,73438,17121],{"class":181},[63,73440,397],{"class":73},[20,73442,110],{},[54,73444,73446],{"className":56,"code":73445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73447,73448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73449,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73451,3497],{"class":73},[63,73453,456],{"class":448},[63,73455,12726],{"class":452},[63,73457,456],{"class":448},[63,73459,102],{"class":73},[63,73461,449],{"class":448},[63,73463,17074],{"class":452},[63,73465,456],{"class":448},[63,73467,102],{"class":73},[63,73469,449],{"class":448},[63,73471,12709],{"class":452},[63,73473,456],{"class":448},[63,73475,3229],{"class":73},[49,73477,11089],{"id":11088},[20,73479,73480],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[54,73482,73484],{"className":56,"code":73483,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73485,73486,73510,73520],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73487,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73489,3211],{"class":382},[63,73491,386],{"class":270},[63,73493,3216],{"class":73},[63,73495,1940],{"class":82},[63,73497,102],{"class":73},[63,73499,7397],{"class":82},[63,73501,102],{"class":73},[63,73503,7402],{"class":82},[63,73505,102],{"class":73},[63,73507,50459],{"class":82},[63,73509,3229],{"class":73},[63,73511,73512,73514,73516,73518],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73513,3243],{"class":382},[63,73515,307],{"class":73},[63,73517,73195],{"class":181},[63,73519,8252],{"class":73},[63,73521,73522,73524,73526,73528],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,73523,70],{"class":69},[63,73525,74],{"class":73},[63,73527,3243],{"class":181},[63,73529,397],{"class":73},[20,73531,110],{},[54,73533,73535],{"className":56,"code":73534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73536,73537],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73538,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73540,3497],{"class":73},[63,73542,56310],{"class":82},[63,73544,102],{"class":73},[63,73546,7402],{"class":82},[63,73548,102],{"class":73},[63,73550,7397],{"class":82},[63,73552,102],{"class":73},[63,73554,5607],{"class":82},[63,73556,3229],{"class":73},[20,73558,11298],{},[30,73560,73561,73567,73572],{},[33,73562,73563,73564],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73565,73566],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,73568,73569,73571],{},[15,73570,73139],{}," flips the order",[33,73573,73574],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[49,73576,73578,73580],{"id":73577},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73579,73139],{}," changes the original list",[20,73582,73583,73584,73587],{},"This method is ",[833,73585,73586],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[54,73589,73591],{"className":56,"code":73590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73592,73593,73625,73635,73639],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73594,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73596,35863],{"class":382},[63,73598,386],{"class":270},[63,73600,3216],{"class":73},[63,73602,2455],{"class":448},[63,73604,3677],{"class":452},[63,73606,2455],{"class":448},[63,73608,102],{"class":73},[63,73610,1375],{"class":448},[63,73612,3686],{"class":452},[63,73614,2455],{"class":448},[63,73616,102],{"class":73},[63,73618,1375],{"class":448},[63,73620,3695],{"class":452},[63,73622,2455],{"class":448},[63,73624,3229],{"class":73},[63,73626,73627,73629,73631,73633],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73628,35915],{"class":382},[63,73630,307],{"class":73},[63,73632,73195],{"class":181},[63,73634,8252],{"class":73},[63,73636,73637],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,73638,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,73640,73641,73643,73645,73647],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,73642,70],{"class":69},[63,73644,74],{"class":73},[63,73646,35915],{"class":181},[63,73648,397],{"class":73},[20,73650,110],{},[54,73652,73654],{"className":56,"code":73653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73655,73656],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73657,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73659,3497],{"class":73},[63,73661,456],{"class":448},[63,73663,3695],{"class":452},[63,73665,456],{"class":448},[63,73667,102],{"class":73},[63,73669,449],{"class":448},[63,73671,3686],{"class":452},[63,73673,456],{"class":448},[63,73675,102],{"class":73},[63,73677,449],{"class":448},[63,73679,3677],{"class":452},[63,73681,456],{"class":448},[63,73683,3229],{"class":73},[20,73685,128,73686,73688],{},[15,73687,73139],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73690,73691],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[54,73693,73695],{"className":56,"code":73694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73696,73697,73729,73747,73751,73761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73698,73699,73701,73703,73705,73707,73709,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73700,35863],{"class":382},[63,73702,386],{"class":270},[63,73704,3216],{"class":73},[63,73706,2455],{"class":448},[63,73708,3677],{"class":452},[63,73710,2455],{"class":448},[63,73712,102],{"class":73},[63,73714,1375],{"class":448},[63,73716,3686],{"class":452},[63,73718,2455],{"class":448},[63,73720,102],{"class":73},[63,73722,1375],{"class":448},[63,73724,3695],{"class":452},[63,73726,2455],{"class":448},[63,73728,3229],{"class":73},[63,73730,73731,73734,73736,73738,73741,73743,73745],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73732,73733],{"class":382},"reversed_fruits ",[63,73735,386],{"class":270},[63,73737,52468],{"class":382},[63,73739,73740],{"class":73},"[::",[63,73742,1639],{"class":270},[63,73744,674],{"class":82},[63,73746,3229],{"class":73},[63,73748,73749],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,73750,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,73752,73753,73755,73757,73759],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,73754,70],{"class":69},[63,73756,74],{"class":73},[63,73758,35915],{"class":181},[63,73760,397],{"class":73},[63,73762,73763,73765,73767,73770],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,73764,70],{"class":69},[63,73766,74],{"class":73},[63,73768,73769],{"class":181},"reversed_fruits",[63,73771,397],{"class":73},[20,73773,110],{},[54,73775,73777],{"className":56,"code":73776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73778,73779,73807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73780,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73782,3497],{"class":73},[63,73784,456],{"class":448},[63,73786,3677],{"class":452},[63,73788,456],{"class":448},[63,73790,102],{"class":73},[63,73792,449],{"class":448},[63,73794,3686],{"class":452},[63,73796,456],{"class":448},[63,73798,102],{"class":73},[63,73800,449],{"class":448},[63,73802,3695],{"class":452},[63,73804,456],{"class":448},[63,73806,3229],{"class":73},[63,73808,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73810,3497],{"class":73},[63,73812,456],{"class":448},[63,73814,3695],{"class":452},[63,73816,456],{"class":448},[63,73818,102],{"class":73},[63,73820,449],{"class":448},[63,73822,3686],{"class":452},[63,73824,456],{"class":448},[63,73826,102],{"class":73},[63,73828,449],{"class":448},[63,73830,3677],{"class":452},[63,73832,456],{"class":448},[63,73834,3229],{"class":73},[20,73836,73837,73838,307],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[303,73839,73840],{"href":73157},"Python list slicing explained",[49,73842,73844],{"id":73843},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73846,73847],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[54,73849,73851],{"className":56,"code":73850,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73852,73853,73873,73887,73891,73902],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73854,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73856,3211],{"class":382},[63,73858,386],{"class":270},[63,73860,3216],{"class":73},[63,73862,674],{"class":82},[63,73864,102],{"class":73},[63,73866,105],{"class":82},[63,73868,102],{"class":73},[63,73870,518],{"class":82},[63,73872,3229],{"class":73},[63,73874,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73876,55507],{"class":382},[63,73878,386],{"class":270},[63,73880,3862],{"class":382},[63,73882,307],{"class":73},[63,73884,73195],{"class":181},[63,73886,8252],{"class":73},[63,73888,73889],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,73890,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,73892,73893,73895,73897,73900],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,73894,70],{"class":69},[63,73896,74],{"class":73},[63,73898,73899],{"class":181},"new_list",[63,73901,397],{"class":73},[63,73903,73904,73906,73908,73910],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,73905,70],{"class":69},[63,73907,74],{"class":73},[63,73909,3243],{"class":181},[63,73911,397],{"class":73},[20,73913,110],{},[54,73915,73917],{"className":56,"code":73916,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73918,73919,73923],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73920,73921],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73922,11423],{"class":3448},[63,73924,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73926,3497],{"class":73},[63,73928,715],{"class":82},[63,73930,102],{"class":73},[63,73932,105],{"class":82},[63,73934,102],{"class":73},[63,73936,249],{"class":82},[63,73938,3229],{"class":73},[20,73940,11515],{},[30,73942,73943,73951,73955],{},[33,73944,73945,73947,73948,73950],{},[15,73946,73139],{}," changes ",[15,73949,3243],{}," directly",[33,73952,970,73953,71457],{},[833,73954,973],{},[33,73956,53270,73957,41772,73959],{},[15,73958,73899],{},[15,73960,3373],{},[20,73962,61517],{},[54,73964,73966],{"className":56,"code":73965,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73967,73968,73988,73998,74002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73969,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73971,3211],{"class":382},[63,73973,386],{"class":270},[63,73975,3216],{"class":73},[63,73977,674],{"class":82},[63,73979,102],{"class":73},[63,73981,105],{"class":82},[63,73983,102],{"class":73},[63,73985,518],{"class":82},[63,73987,3229],{"class":73},[63,73989,73990,73992,73994,73996],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,73991,3243],{"class":382},[63,73993,307],{"class":73},[63,73995,73195],{"class":181},[63,73997,8252],{"class":73},[63,73999,74000],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,74001,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,74003,74004,74006,74008,74010],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,74005,70],{"class":69},[63,74007,74],{"class":73},[63,74009,3243],{"class":181},[63,74011,397],{"class":73},[20,74013,110],{},[54,74015,74017],{"className":56,"code":74016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74018,74019],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74020,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74022,3497],{"class":73},[63,74024,715],{"class":82},[63,74026,102],{"class":73},[63,74028,105],{"class":82},[63,74030,102],{"class":73},[63,74032,249],{"class":82},[63,74034,3229],{"class":73},[49,74036,74038,10197,74040,74043],{"id":74037},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74039,73139],{},[15,74041,74042],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74045,74046],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1193,74048,74049],{"id":73195},[15,74050,73139],{},[20,74052,74053,74055],{},[15,74054,73139],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[54,74057,74059],{"className":56,"code":74058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74060,74061,74081,74091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74062,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74064,3211],{"class":382},[63,74066,386],{"class":270},[63,74068,3216],{"class":73},[63,74070,715],{"class":82},[63,74072,102],{"class":73},[63,74074,249],{"class":82},[63,74076,102],{"class":73},[63,74078,105],{"class":82},[63,74080,3229],{"class":73},[63,74082,74083,74085,74087,74089],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74084,3243],{"class":382},[63,74086,307],{"class":73},[63,74088,73195],{"class":181},[63,74090,8252],{"class":73},[63,74092,74093,74095,74097,74099],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,74094,70],{"class":69},[63,74096,74],{"class":73},[63,74098,3243],{"class":181},[63,74100,397],{"class":73},[20,74102,110],{},[54,74104,74106],{"className":56,"code":74105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74107,74108],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74109,74110,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74111,3497],{"class":73},[63,74113,274],{"class":82},[63,74115,102],{"class":73},[63,74117,249],{"class":82},[63,74119,102],{"class":73},[63,74121,518],{"class":82},[63,74123,3229],{"class":73},[20,74125,74126,74127,74129],{},"Notice that this is ",[833,74128,973],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1193,74131,74133],{"id":74132},"sorted",[15,74134,74042],{},[20,74136,74137,74142],{},[303,74138,74140],{"href":74139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74141,74042],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[54,74144,74146],{"className":56,"code":74145,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74147,74148,74168,74183,74187,74197],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74149,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74151,3211],{"class":382},[63,74153,386],{"class":270},[63,74155,3216],{"class":73},[63,74157,715],{"class":82},[63,74159,102],{"class":73},[63,74161,249],{"class":82},[63,74163,102],{"class":73},[63,74165,105],{"class":82},[63,74167,3229],{"class":73},[63,74169,74170,74172,74174,74177,74179,74181],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74171,383],{"class":382},[63,74173,386],{"class":270},[63,74175,74176],{"class":69}," sorted",[63,74178,74],{"class":73},[63,74180,3243],{"class":181},[63,74182,397],{"class":73},[63,74184,74185],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,74186,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,74188,74189,74191,74193,74195],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,74190,70],{"class":69},[63,74192,74],{"class":73},[63,74194,3243],{"class":181},[63,74196,397],{"class":73},[63,74198,74199,74201,74203,74205],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,74200,70],{"class":69},[63,74202,74],{"class":73},[63,74204,406],{"class":181},[63,74206,397],{"class":73},[20,74208,110],{},[54,74210,74212],{"className":56,"code":74211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74213,74214,74230],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74215,74216,74218,74220,74222,74224,74226,74228],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74217,3497],{"class":73},[63,74219,715],{"class":82},[63,74221,102],{"class":73},[63,74223,249],{"class":82},[63,74225,102],{"class":73},[63,74227,105],{"class":82},[63,74229,3229],{"class":73},[63,74231,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74233,3497],{"class":73},[63,74235,674],{"class":82},[63,74237,102],{"class":73},[63,74239,105],{"class":82},[63,74241,102],{"class":73},[63,74243,518],{"class":82},[63,74245,3229],{"class":73},[20,74247,74248,74249,307],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74250,74251],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1193,74253,74255],{"id":74254},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74257,74258,74259,74262],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74260,74261],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[54,74264,74266],{"className":56,"code":74265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74267,74268,74288,74304,74308,74318],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74269,74270,74272,74274,74276,74278,74280,74282,74284,74286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74271,3211],{"class":382},[63,74273,386],{"class":270},[63,74275,3216],{"class":73},[63,74277,715],{"class":82},[63,74279,102],{"class":73},[63,74281,249],{"class":82},[63,74283,102],{"class":73},[63,74285,105],{"class":82},[63,74287,3229],{"class":73},[63,74289,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74291,383],{"class":382},[63,74293,386],{"class":270},[63,74295,3862],{"class":382},[63,74297,73740],{"class":73},[63,74299,1639],{"class":270},[63,74301,674],{"class":82},[63,74303,3229],{"class":73},[63,74305,74306],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,74307,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,74309,74310,74312,74314,74316],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,74311,70],{"class":69},[63,74313,74],{"class":73},[63,74315,3243],{"class":181},[63,74317,397],{"class":73},[63,74319,74320,74322,74324,74326],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,74321,70],{"class":69},[63,74323,74],{"class":73},[63,74325,406],{"class":181},[63,74327,397],{"class":73},[20,74329,110],{},[54,74331,74333],{"className":56,"code":74332,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74334,74335,74351],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74336,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74338,3497],{"class":73},[63,74340,715],{"class":82},[63,74342,102],{"class":73},[63,74344,249],{"class":82},[63,74346,102],{"class":73},[63,74348,105],{"class":82},[63,74350,3229],{"class":73},[63,74352,74353,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74354,3497],{"class":73},[63,74356,274],{"class":82},[63,74358,102],{"class":73},[63,74360,249],{"class":82},[63,74362,102],{"class":73},[63,74364,518],{"class":82},[63,74366,3229],{"class":73},[1193,74368,74370],{"id":74369},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74372,74373,74378,74383],{},[33,74374,128,74375,74377],{},[15,74376,73139],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74379,128,74380,74382],{},[15,74381,74261],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74384,128,74385,74387],{},[15,74386,74042],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74389,74390,74391,74397],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[303,74392,74394,74395,10352],{"href":74393},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74396,63931],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[49,74399,1114,74401],{"id":74400},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74402,73139],{},[20,74404,74405,74407],{},[15,74406,73139],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74409,74410,74413,74416],{},[33,74411,74412],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74414,74415],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74417,74418],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74420,74421,74422,307],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[303,74423,74425],{"href":74424},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[49,74427,1186],{"id":1185},[20,74429,74430,74431,74433],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74432,73139],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74435,74436,74440,74445,74450],{},[33,74437,12210,74438,12213],{},[15,74439,73139],{},[33,74441,1196,74442,74444],{},[15,74443,73139],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74446,311,74447,74449],{},[15,74448,73139],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74451,36829,74452,8314,74454],{},[15,74453,73139],{},[15,74455,74456],{},"reversed()",[20,74458,74459],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[54,74461,74463],{"className":56,"code":74462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74464,74465,74477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74466,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74468,1370],{"class":382},[63,74470,386],{"class":270},[63,74472,1375],{"class":448},[63,74474,3441],{"class":452},[63,74476,1381],{"class":448},[63,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74480,1396],{"class":382},[63,74482,307],{"class":73},[63,74484,73195],{"class":181},[63,74486,8252],{"class":73},[20,74488,74489,74490,33223],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74491,73139],{},[20,74493,74494],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[54,74496,74498],{"className":56,"code":74497,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74499,74500,74520,74524,74534,74548,74552,74566,74576,74580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74501,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74503,7917],{"class":382},[63,74505,386],{"class":270},[63,74507,3216],{"class":73},[63,74509,674],{"class":82},[63,74511,102],{"class":73},[63,74513,105],{"class":82},[63,74515,102],{"class":73},[63,74517,518],{"class":82},[63,74519,3229],{"class":73},[63,74521,74522],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74523,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,74525,74526,74528,74530,74532],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,74527,70],{"class":69},[63,74529,74],{"class":73},[63,74531,7948],{"class":181},[63,74533,397],{"class":73},[63,74535,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,74537,70],{"class":69},[63,74539,74],{"class":73},[63,74541,418],{"class":417},[63,74543,74],{"class":73},[63,74545,7948],{"class":181},[63,74547,86],{"class":73},[63,74549,74550],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,74551,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,74553,74554,74556,74558,74560,74562,74564],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,74555,383],{"class":382},[63,74557,386],{"class":270},[63,74559,8005],{"class":382},[63,74561,307],{"class":73},[63,74563,73195],{"class":181},[63,74565,8252],{"class":73},[63,74567,74568,74570,74572,74574],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,74569,70],{"class":69},[63,74571,74],{"class":73},[63,74573,406],{"class":181},[63,74575,397],{"class":73},[63,74577,74578],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,74579,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,74581,74582,74584,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,74583,70],{"class":69},[63,74585,74],{"class":73},[63,74587,7948],{"class":181},[63,74589,73740],{"class":73},[63,74591,1639],{"class":270},[63,74593,674],{"class":82},[63,74595,191],{"class":73},[20,74597,110],{},[54,74599,74601],{"className":56,"code":74600,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74602,74603,74619,74633,74637],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74604,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74606,3497],{"class":73},[63,74608,674],{"class":82},[63,74610,102],{"class":73},[63,74612,105],{"class":82},[63,74614,102],{"class":73},[63,74616,518],{"class":82},[63,74618,3229],{"class":73},[63,74620,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74622,441],{"class":270},[63,74624,445],{"class":444},[63,74626,449],{"class":448},[63,74628,7702],{"class":452},[63,74630,456],{"class":448},[63,74632,459],{"class":270},[63,74634,74635],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,74636,11423],{"class":3448},[63,74638,74639,74641,74643,74645,74647,74649,74651],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,74640,3497],{"class":73},[63,74642,674],{"class":82},[63,74644,102],{"class":73},[63,74646,105],{"class":82},[63,74648,102],{"class":73},[63,74650,249],{"class":82},[63,74652,3229],{"class":73},[20,74654,74655],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[54,74657,74659],{"className":56,"code":74658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74660,74661,74681,74685,74695,74709,74713,74727,74737,74747],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74662,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74664,7917],{"class":382},[63,74666,386],{"class":270},[63,74668,3216],{"class":73},[63,74670,674],{"class":82},[63,74672,102],{"class":73},[63,74674,105],{"class":82},[63,74676,102],{"class":73},[63,74678,518],{"class":82},[63,74680,3229],{"class":73},[63,74682,74683],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74684,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,74688,70],{"class":69},[63,74690,74],{"class":73},[63,74692,7948],{"class":181},[63,74694,397],{"class":73},[63,74696,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,74698,70],{"class":69},[63,74700,74],{"class":73},[63,74702,418],{"class":417},[63,74704,74],{"class":73},[63,74706,7948],{"class":181},[63,74708,86],{"class":73},[63,74710,74711],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,74712,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,74714,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,74716,383],{"class":382},[63,74718,386],{"class":270},[63,74720,8005],{"class":382},[63,74722,307],{"class":73},[63,74724,73195],{"class":181},[63,74726,8252],{"class":73},[63,74728,74729,74731,74733,74735],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,74730,70],{"class":69},[63,74732,74],{"class":73},[63,74734,406],{"class":181},[63,74736,397],{"class":73},[63,74738,74739,74741,74743,74745],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,74740,70],{"class":69},[63,74742,74],{"class":73},[63,74744,7948],{"class":181},[63,74746,397],{"class":73},[63,74748,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,74750,70],{"class":69},[63,74752,74],{"class":73},[63,74754,7948],{"class":181},[63,74756,73740],{"class":73},[63,74758,1639],{"class":270},[63,74760,674],{"class":82},[63,74762,191],{"class":73},[20,74764,110],{},[54,74766,74768],{"className":56,"code":74767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74769,74770,74786,74800,74804,74820],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74771,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74773,3497],{"class":73},[63,74775,674],{"class":82},[63,74777,102],{"class":73},[63,74779,105],{"class":82},[63,74781,102],{"class":73},[63,74783,518],{"class":82},[63,74785,3229],{"class":73},[63,74787,74788,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,74789,441],{"class":270},[63,74791,445],{"class":444},[63,74793,449],{"class":448},[63,74795,7702],{"class":452},[63,74797,456],{"class":448},[63,74799,459],{"class":270},[63,74801,74802],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,74803,11423],{"class":3448},[63,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,74807,3497],{"class":73},[63,74809,715],{"class":82},[63,74811,102],{"class":73},[63,74813,105],{"class":82},[63,74815,102],{"class":73},[63,74817,249],{"class":82},[63,74819,3229],{"class":73},[63,74821,74822,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,74823,3497],{"class":73},[63,74825,674],{"class":82},[63,74827,102],{"class":73},[63,74829,105],{"class":82},[63,74831,102],{"class":73},[63,74833,518],{"class":82},[63,74835,3229],{"class":73},[20,74837,74838],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,74840,74841,74850,74859],{},[33,74842,27416,74843,74846,74847],{},[15,74844,74845],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74848,74849],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,74851,11531,74852,74855,74856,22180],{},[15,74853,74854],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[833,74857,74858],{},"current",[33,74860,74861,74862],{},"So it prints ",[15,74863,74864],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[49,74866,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,74868,1459,74870,55086],{"id":74869},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74871,73144],{},[20,74873,62222,74874,307],{},[15,74875,3373],{},[1193,74877,33828,74879,33831,74881,1506],{"id":74878},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74880,73139],{},[15,74882,74883],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74885,74886,74888],{},[15,74887,73139],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74890,74891,74893],{},[15,74892,74883],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1193,74895,1499,74897,74899],{"id":74896},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74898,73139],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74901,45983,74902,74904],{},[15,74903,73139],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1193,74906,74908],{"id":74907},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74910,74911],{},"Use slicing:",[54,74913,74915],{"className":56,"code":74914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74916,74917],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74918,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74920,7948],{"class":382},[63,74922,73740],{"class":73},[63,74924,1639],{"class":270},[63,74926,674],{"class":82},[63,74928,3229],{"class":73},[20,74930,74931],{},"Or use:",[54,74933,74935],{"className":56,"code":74934,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74936,74937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74938,74939,74941,74943,74946,74948,74950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74940,7702],{"class":417},[63,74942,74],{"class":73},[63,74944,74945],{"class":69},"reversed",[63,74947,74],{"class":73},[63,74949,7948],{"class":181},[63,74951,86],{"class":73},[20,74953,74954,74955,74959],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[303,74956,55137,74957],{"href":54577},[15,74958,12392],{}," can also help.",[49,74961,1517],{"id":1516},[30,74963,74964,74970,74976,74980,74984],{},[33,74965,74966],{},[303,74967,55137,74968,10352],{"href":74393},[15,74969,63931],{},[33,74971,74972],{},[303,74973,13,74974,469],{"href":74139},[15,74975,74042],{},[33,74977,74978],{},[303,74979,74425],{"href":74424},[33,74981,74982],{},[303,74983,73840],{"href":73157},[33,74985,74986],{},[303,74987,55137,74988,10352],{"href":54577},[15,74989,12392],{},[1542,74991,74992],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":74994},[74995,74996,74998,74999,75000,75002,75003,75010,75012,75013,75022],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":73218,"depth":89,"text":74997},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":73577,"depth":89,"text":75001},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73843,"depth":89,"text":73844},{"id":74037,"depth":89,"text":75004,"children":75005},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75006,75007,75008,75009],{"id":73195,"depth":254,"text":73139},{"id":74132,"depth":254,"text":74042},{"id":74254,"depth":254,"text":74255},{"id":74369,"depth":254,"text":74370},{"id":74400,"depth":89,"text":75011},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":75014},[75015,75017,75019,75021],{"id":74869,"depth":254,"text":75016},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74878,"depth":254,"text":75018},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74896,"depth":254,"text":75020},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74907,"depth":254,"text":74908},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73131,"description":75023},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75030,"title":75031,"body":75032,"description":77465,"extension":1580,"meta":77466,"navigation":579,"path":77467,"seo":77468,"stem":77469,"__hash__":77470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75033,"toc":77433},[75034,75037,75049,75052,75075,75083,75085,75197,75206,75210,75213,75216,75303,75305,75338,75340,75363,75369,75373,75376,75398,75400,75417,75420,75440,75442,75552,75554,75631,75635,75638,75681,75683,75816,75818,75920,75925,75929,75932,75934,75948,75951,76065,76067,76141,76143,76171,76175,76180,76210,76213,76339,76341,76423,76429,76433,76435,76474,76483,76487,76490,76494,76541,76543,76551,76555,76606,76608,76621,76623,76637,76640,76648,76650,76697,76699,76707,76710,76753,76758,76761,76764,76787,76791,76842,76845,76866,76876,76880,76882,76912,76915,76938,76942,76945,77012,77014,77051,77054,77062,77129,77131,77168,77174,77181,77185,77188,77218,77223,77227,77230,77254,77257,77351,77361,77363,77367,77370,77374,77377,77382,77385,77391,77394,77396,77424,77430],[10,75035,75031],{"id":75036},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75038,75039,75040,1801,75042,16690,75045,75048],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75041,35696],{},[15,75043,75044],{},"stop",[15,75046,75047],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75050,75051],{},"The basic slice form is:",[54,75053,75055],{"className":56,"code":75054,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75056,75057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75058,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75060,7948],{"class":382},[63,75062,3497],{"class":73},[63,75064,35696],{"class":382},[63,75066,2482],{"class":73},[63,75068,75044],{"class":382},[63,75070,2482],{"class":73},[63,75072,75047],{"class":382},[63,75074,3229],{"class":73},[20,75076,75077,75078,75080,75081,307],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75079,75044],{}," position is ",[833,75082,64689],{},[49,75084,52],{"id":51},[54,75086,75088],{"className":56,"code":75087,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75089,75090,75118,75122,75143,75161,75178],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75091,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112,75114,75116],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75093,3211],{"class":382},[63,75095,386],{"class":270},[63,75097,3216],{"class":73},[63,75099,1940],{"class":82},[63,75101,102],{"class":73},[63,75103,7397],{"class":82},[63,75105,102],{"class":73},[63,75107,7402],{"class":82},[63,75109,102],{"class":73},[63,75111,50459],{"class":82},[63,75113,102],{"class":73},[63,75115,4682],{"class":82},[63,75117,3229],{"class":73},[63,75119,75120],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,75121,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,75123,75124,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,75125,70],{"class":69},[63,75127,74],{"class":73},[63,75129,3243],{"class":181},[63,75131,3497],{"class":73},[63,75133,674],{"class":82},[63,75135,2482],{"class":73},[63,75137,952],{"class":82},[63,75139,20065],{"class":73},[63,75141,75142],{"class":1357},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[63,75144,75145,75147,75149,75151,75154,75156,75158],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,75146,70],{"class":69},[63,75148,74],{"class":73},[63,75150,3243],{"class":181},[63,75152,75153],{"class":73},"[:",[63,75155,715],{"class":82},[63,75157,20065],{"class":73},[63,75159,75160],{"class":1357},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[63,75162,75163,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173,75175],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,75164,70],{"class":69},[63,75166,74],{"class":73},[63,75168,3243],{"class":181},[63,75170,73740],{"class":73},[63,75172,274],{"class":82},[63,75174,20065],{"class":73},[63,75176,75177],{"class":1357},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[63,75179,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192,75194],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,75181,70],{"class":69},[63,75183,74],{"class":73},[63,75185,3243],{"class":181},[63,75187,73740],{"class":73},[63,75189,1639],{"class":270},[63,75191,674],{"class":82},[63,75193,20065],{"class":73},[63,75195,75196],{"class":1357},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75198,128,75199,75202,75203,75205],{},[15,75200,75201],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75204,75044],{}," value is not included.",[49,75207,75209],{"id":75208},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75211,75212],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75214,75215],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[54,75217,75219],{"className":56,"code":75218,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75220,75221,75269,75273,75292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75222,75223,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75224,35714],{"class":382},[63,75226,386],{"class":270},[63,75228,3216],{"class":73},[63,75230,2455],{"class":448},[63,75232,303],{"class":452},[63,75234,2455],{"class":448},[63,75236,102],{"class":73},[63,75238,1375],{"class":448},[63,75240,4362],{"class":452},[63,75242,2455],{"class":448},[63,75244,102],{"class":73},[63,75246,1375],{"class":448},[63,75248,9350],{"class":452},[63,75250,2455],{"class":448},[63,75252,102],{"class":73},[63,75254,1375],{"class":448},[63,75256,18387],{"class":452},[63,75258,2455],{"class":448},[63,75260,102],{"class":73},[63,75262,1375],{"class":448},[63,75264,60066],{"class":452},[63,75266,2455],{"class":448},[63,75268,3229],{"class":73},[63,75270,75271],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,75272,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,75274,75275,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,75276,75277],{"class":382},"part ",[63,75279,386],{"class":270},[63,75281,69714],{"class":382},[63,75283,3497],{"class":73},[63,75285,674],{"class":82},[63,75287,2482],{"class":73},[63,75289,952],{"class":82},[63,75291,3229],{"class":73},[63,75293,75294,75296,75298,75301],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,75295,70],{"class":69},[63,75297,74],{"class":73},[63,75299,75300],{"class":181},"part",[63,75302,397],{"class":73},[20,75304,110],{},[54,75306,75308],{"className":56,"code":75307,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75309,75310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75311,75312,75314,75316,75318,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75313,3497],{"class":73},[63,75315,456],{"class":448},[63,75317,4362],{"class":452},[63,75319,456],{"class":448},[63,75321,102],{"class":73},[63,75323,449],{"class":448},[63,75325,9350],{"class":452},[63,75327,456],{"class":448},[63,75329,102],{"class":73},[63,75331,449],{"class":448},[63,75333,18387],{"class":452},[63,75335,456],{"class":448},[63,75337,3229],{"class":73},[20,75339,12668],{},[30,75341,75342,75345,75348,75354,75360],{},[33,75343,75344],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75346,75347],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75349,75350,75351],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75352,75353],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75355,75356,75357,75359],{},"The item at ",[15,75358,75044],{}," is not included",[33,75361,75362],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75364,75365,75366,307],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[303,75367,75368],{"href":50595},"beginner guide to Python lists",[49,75370,75372],{"id":75371},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75374,75375],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[54,75377,75378],{"className":56,"code":75054,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,75379,75380],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75381,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75383,7948],{"class":382},[63,75385,3497],{"class":73},[63,75387,35696],{"class":382},[63,75389,2482],{"class":73},[63,75391,75044],{"class":382},[63,75393,2482],{"class":73},[63,75395,75047],{"class":382},[63,75397,3229],{"class":73},[20,75399,64665],{},[30,75401,75402,75407,75412],{},[33,75403,75404,75406],{},[15,75405,35696],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75408,75409,75411],{},[15,75410,75044],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75413,75414,75416],{},[15,75415,75047],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75418,75419],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75421,75422,75428,75433],{},[33,75423,75424,75425,75427],{},"Missing ",[15,75426,35696],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75429,75424,75430,75432],{},[15,75431,75044],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75434,75424,75435,75437,75438],{},[15,75436,75047],{}," means use ",[15,75439,674],{},[20,75441,1820],{},[54,75443,75445],{"className":56,"code":75444,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75446,75447,75475,75479,75500,75517,75535],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75448,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469,75471,75473],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75450,3211],{"class":382},[63,75452,386],{"class":270},[63,75454,3216],{"class":73},[63,75456,1940],{"class":82},[63,75458,102],{"class":73},[63,75460,7397],{"class":82},[63,75462,102],{"class":73},[63,75464,7402],{"class":82},[63,75466,102],{"class":73},[63,75468,50459],{"class":82},[63,75470,102],{"class":73},[63,75472,4682],{"class":82},[63,75474,3229],{"class":73},[63,75476,75477],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,75478,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,75480,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,75482,70],{"class":69},[63,75484,74],{"class":73},[63,75486,3243],{"class":181},[63,75488,3497],{"class":73},[63,75490,674],{"class":82},[63,75492,2482],{"class":73},[63,75494,952],{"class":82},[63,75496,20065],{"class":73},[63,75498,75499],{"class":1357},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[63,75501,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,75503,70],{"class":69},[63,75505,74],{"class":73},[63,75507,3243],{"class":181},[63,75509,75153],{"class":73},[63,75511,715],{"class":82},[63,75513,20065],{"class":73},[63,75515,75516],{"class":1357},"    # start from the beginning\n",[63,75518,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529,75532],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,75520,70],{"class":69},[63,75522,74],{"class":73},[63,75524,3243],{"class":181},[63,75526,3497],{"class":73},[63,75528,274],{"class":82},[63,75530,75531],{"class":73},":])",[63,75533,75534],{"class":1357},"    # go to the end\n",[63,75536,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,75538,70],{"class":69},[63,75540,74],{"class":73},[63,75542,3243],{"class":181},[63,75544,73740],{"class":73},[63,75546,674],{"class":82},[63,75548,20065],{"class":73},[63,75550,75551],{"class":1357},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75553,110],{},[54,75555,75557],{"className":56,"code":75556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75558,75559,75575,75591,75607],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75560,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75562,3497],{"class":73},[63,75564,15373],{"class":82},[63,75566,102],{"class":73},[63,75568,7402],{"class":82},[63,75570,102],{"class":73},[63,75572,50459],{"class":82},[63,75574,3229],{"class":73},[63,75576,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,75578,3497],{"class":73},[63,75580,1940],{"class":82},[63,75582,102],{"class":73},[63,75584,7397],{"class":82},[63,75586,102],{"class":73},[63,75588,7402],{"class":82},[63,75590,3229],{"class":73},[63,75592,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,75594,3497],{"class":73},[63,75596,36466],{"class":82},[63,75598,102],{"class":73},[63,75600,50459],{"class":82},[63,75602,102],{"class":73},[63,75604,4682],{"class":82},[63,75606,3229],{"class":73},[63,75608,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,75610,3497],{"class":73},[63,75612,1940],{"class":82},[63,75614,102],{"class":73},[63,75616,7397],{"class":82},[63,75618,102],{"class":73},[63,75620,7402],{"class":82},[63,75622,102],{"class":73},[63,75624,50459],{"class":82},[63,75626,102],{"class":73},[63,75628,4682],{"class":82},[63,75630,3229],{"class":73},[49,75632,75634],{"id":75633},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75636,75637],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,75639,75640,75649,75658,75669,75675],{},[33,75641,75642,75645,75646,5568],{},[15,75643,75644],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75647,75648],{},"n",[33,75650,75651,75654,75655,75657],{},[15,75652,75653],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75656,75648],{}," to the end",[33,75659,75660,75663,75664,75666,75667],{},[15,75661,75662],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75665,303],{}," up to ",[15,75668,4362],{},[33,75670,75671,75674],{},[15,75672,75673],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,75676,75677,75680],{},[15,75678,75679],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75682,1820],{},[54,75684,75686],{"className":56,"code":75685,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75687,75688,75721,75725,75742,75759,75780,75797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75689,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75719],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75691,3211],{"class":382},[63,75693,386],{"class":270},[63,75695,3216],{"class":73},[63,75697,1940],{"class":82},[63,75699,102],{"class":73},[63,75701,7397],{"class":82},[63,75703,102],{"class":73},[63,75705,7402],{"class":82},[63,75707,102],{"class":73},[63,75709,50459],{"class":82},[63,75711,102],{"class":73},[63,75713,4682],{"class":82},[63,75715,102],{"class":73},[63,75717,75718],{"class":82}," 60",[63,75720,3229],{"class":73},[63,75722,75723],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,75724,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,75726,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,75728,70],{"class":69},[63,75730,74],{"class":73},[63,75732,3243],{"class":181},[63,75734,75153],{"class":73},[63,75736,715],{"class":82},[63,75738,20065],{"class":73},[63,75740,75741],{"class":1357},"    # first 3 items\n",[63,75743,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,75745,70],{"class":69},[63,75747,74],{"class":73},[63,75749,3243],{"class":181},[63,75751,3497],{"class":73},[63,75753,715],{"class":82},[63,75755,75531],{"class":73},[63,75757,75758],{"class":1357},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[63,75760,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,75762,70],{"class":69},[63,75764,74],{"class":73},[63,75766,3243],{"class":181},[63,75768,3497],{"class":73},[63,75770,674],{"class":82},[63,75772,2482],{"class":73},[63,75774,1750],{"class":82},[63,75776,20065],{"class":73},[63,75778,75779],{"class":1357},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[63,75781,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,75783,70],{"class":69},[63,75785,74],{"class":73},[63,75787,3243],{"class":181},[63,75789,73740],{"class":73},[63,75791,274],{"class":82},[63,75793,20065],{"class":73},[63,75795,75796],{"class":1357},"   # every second item\n",[63,75798,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,75800,70],{"class":69},[63,75802,74],{"class":73},[63,75804,3243],{"class":181},[63,75806,73740],{"class":73},[63,75808,1639],{"class":270},[63,75810,674],{"class":82},[63,75812,20065],{"class":73},[63,75814,75815],{"class":1357},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75817,110],{},[54,75819,75821],{"className":56,"code":75820,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75822,75823,75839,75855,75875,75891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75824,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75826,3497],{"class":73},[63,75828,1940],{"class":82},[63,75830,102],{"class":73},[63,75832,7397],{"class":82},[63,75834,102],{"class":73},[63,75836,7402],{"class":82},[63,75838,3229],{"class":73},[63,75840,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,75842,3497],{"class":73},[63,75844,56310],{"class":82},[63,75846,102],{"class":73},[63,75848,4682],{"class":82},[63,75850,102],{"class":73},[63,75852,75718],{"class":82},[63,75854,3229],{"class":73},[63,75856,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,75858,3497],{"class":73},[63,75860,15373],{"class":82},[63,75862,102],{"class":73},[63,75864,7402],{"class":82},[63,75866,102],{"class":73},[63,75868,50459],{"class":82},[63,75870,102],{"class":73},[63,75872,4682],{"class":82},[63,75874,3229],{"class":73},[63,75876,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,75878,3497],{"class":73},[63,75880,1940],{"class":82},[63,75882,102],{"class":73},[63,75884,7402],{"class":82},[63,75886,102],{"class":73},[63,75888,4682],{"class":82},[63,75890,3229],{"class":73},[63,75892,75893,75895,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,75894,3497],{"class":73},[63,75896,75897],{"class":82},"60",[63,75899,102],{"class":73},[63,75901,4682],{"class":82},[63,75903,102],{"class":73},[63,75905,50459],{"class":82},[63,75907,102],{"class":73},[63,75909,7402],{"class":82},[63,75911,102],{"class":73},[63,75913,7397],{"class":82},[63,75915,102],{"class":73},[63,75917,5607],{"class":82},[63,75919,3229],{"class":73},[20,75921,75922,75923,307],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[303,75924,14506],{"href":56837},[49,75926,75928],{"id":75927},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75930,75931],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75933,777],{},[30,75935,75936,75942],{},[33,75937,75938,75941],{},[15,75939,75940],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,75943,75944,75947],{},[15,75945,75946],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75949,75950],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[54,75952,75954],{"className":56,"code":75953,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75955,75956,76004,76008,76027,76046],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75957,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75959,35714],{"class":382},[63,75961,386],{"class":270},[63,75963,3216],{"class":73},[63,75965,2455],{"class":448},[63,75967,303],{"class":452},[63,75969,2455],{"class":448},[63,75971,102],{"class":73},[63,75973,1375],{"class":448},[63,75975,4362],{"class":452},[63,75977,2455],{"class":448},[63,75979,102],{"class":73},[63,75981,1375],{"class":448},[63,75983,9350],{"class":452},[63,75985,2455],{"class":448},[63,75987,102],{"class":73},[63,75989,1375],{"class":448},[63,75991,18387],{"class":452},[63,75993,2455],{"class":448},[63,75995,102],{"class":73},[63,75997,1375],{"class":448},[63,75999,60066],{"class":452},[63,76001,2455],{"class":448},[63,76003,3229],{"class":73},[63,76005,76006],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76007,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,76009,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76011,70],{"class":69},[63,76013,74],{"class":73},[63,76015,35767],{"class":181},[63,76017,3497],{"class":73},[63,76019,1639],{"class":270},[63,76021,674],{"class":82},[63,76023,20065],{"class":73},[63,76025,76026],{"class":1357},"    # last item\n",[63,76028,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,76030,70],{"class":69},[63,76032,74],{"class":73},[63,76034,35767],{"class":181},[63,76036,3497],{"class":73},[63,76038,1639],{"class":270},[63,76040,715],{"class":82},[63,76042,75531],{"class":73},[63,76044,76045],{"class":1357},"   # last 3 items\n",[63,76047,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,76049,70],{"class":69},[63,76051,74],{"class":73},[63,76053,35767],{"class":181},[63,76055,75153],{"class":73},[63,76057,1639],{"class":270},[63,76059,674],{"class":82},[63,76061,20065],{"class":73},[63,76063,76064],{"class":1357},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76066,110],{},[54,76068,76070],{"className":56,"code":76069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76071,76072,76077,76105],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76073,76074],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76075,76076],{"class":382},"e\n",[63,76078,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76080,3497],{"class":73},[63,76082,456],{"class":448},[63,76084,9350],{"class":452},[63,76086,456],{"class":448},[63,76088,102],{"class":73},[63,76090,449],{"class":448},[63,76092,18387],{"class":452},[63,76094,456],{"class":448},[63,76096,102],{"class":73},[63,76098,449],{"class":448},[63,76100,60066],{"class":452},[63,76102,456],{"class":448},[63,76104,3229],{"class":73},[63,76106,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76108,3497],{"class":73},[63,76110,456],{"class":448},[63,76112,303],{"class":452},[63,76114,456],{"class":448},[63,76116,102],{"class":73},[63,76118,449],{"class":448},[63,76120,4362],{"class":452},[63,76122,456],{"class":448},[63,76124,102],{"class":73},[63,76126,449],{"class":448},[63,76128,9350],{"class":452},[63,76130,456],{"class":448},[63,76132,102],{"class":73},[63,76134,449],{"class":448},[63,76136,18387],{"class":452},[63,76138,456],{"class":448},[63,76140,3229],{"class":73},[20,76142,12668],{},[30,76144,76145,76148,76152,76158,76164],{},[33,76146,76147],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76149,76150,75941],{},[15,76151,75940],{},[33,76153,76154,76157],{},[15,76155,76156],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76159,76160,76163],{},[15,76161,76162],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76165,76166,76167,3993,76169],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76168,35696],{},[15,76170,75044],{},[49,76172,76174],{"id":76173},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76176,1597,76177,76179],{},[15,76178,75047],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76181,76182,76185,76188,76193,76203],{},[33,76183,76184],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76186,76187],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76189,76190,76192],{},[15,76191,75679],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76194,8485,76195,76197,76198,76200,76201],{},[15,76196,75047],{}," is negative, ",[15,76199,35696],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76202,75044],{},[33,76204,76205,76207,76208],{},[15,76206,75047],{}," cannot be ",[15,76209,1734],{},[20,76211,76212],{},"Example with different step values:",[54,76214,76216],{"className":56,"code":76215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76217,76218,76250,76254,76271,76293,76312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76219,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76221,3211],{"class":382},[63,76223,386],{"class":270},[63,76225,3216],{"class":73},[63,76227,1940],{"class":82},[63,76229,102],{"class":73},[63,76231,7397],{"class":82},[63,76233,102],{"class":73},[63,76235,7402],{"class":82},[63,76237,102],{"class":73},[63,76239,50459],{"class":82},[63,76241,102],{"class":73},[63,76243,4682],{"class":82},[63,76245,102],{"class":73},[63,76247,75718],{"class":82},[63,76249,3229],{"class":73},[63,76251,76252],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76253,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,76255,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76257,70],{"class":69},[63,76259,74],{"class":73},[63,76261,3243],{"class":181},[63,76263,73740],{"class":73},[63,76265,274],{"class":82},[63,76267,20065],{"class":73},[63,76269,76270],{"class":1357},"     # every second item\n",[63,76272,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76286,76288,76290],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,76274,70],{"class":69},[63,76276,74],{"class":73},[63,76278,3243],{"class":181},[63,76280,3497],{"class":73},[63,76282,674],{"class":82},[63,76284,76285],{"class":73},"::",[63,76287,274],{"class":82},[63,76289,20065],{"class":73},[63,76291,76292],{"class":1357},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[63,76294,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,76296,70],{"class":69},[63,76298,74],{"class":73},[63,76300,3243],{"class":181},[63,76302,73740],{"class":73},[63,76304,1639],{"class":270},[63,76306,674],{"class":82},[63,76308,20065],{"class":73},[63,76310,76311],{"class":1357},"    # reverse the list\n",[63,76313,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,76315,70],{"class":69},[63,76317,74],{"class":73},[63,76319,3243],{"class":181},[63,76321,3497],{"class":73},[63,76323,952],{"class":82},[63,76325,2482],{"class":73},[63,76327,674],{"class":82},[63,76329,2482],{"class":73},[63,76331,1639],{"class":270},[63,76333,674],{"class":82},[63,76335,20065],{"class":73},[63,76337,76338],{"class":1357},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76340,110],{},[54,76342,76344],{"className":56,"code":76343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76345,76346,76362,76378,76406],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76347,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76349,3497],{"class":73},[63,76351,1940],{"class":82},[63,76353,102],{"class":73},[63,76355,7402],{"class":82},[63,76357,102],{"class":73},[63,76359,4682],{"class":82},[63,76361,3229],{"class":73},[63,76363,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76365,3497],{"class":73},[63,76367,15373],{"class":82},[63,76369,102],{"class":73},[63,76371,50459],{"class":82},[63,76373,102],{"class":73},[63,76375,75718],{"class":82},[63,76377,3229],{"class":73},[63,76379,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76381,3497],{"class":73},[63,76383,75897],{"class":82},[63,76385,102],{"class":73},[63,76387,4682],{"class":82},[63,76389,102],{"class":73},[63,76391,50459],{"class":82},[63,76393,102],{"class":73},[63,76395,7402],{"class":82},[63,76397,102],{"class":73},[63,76399,7397],{"class":82},[63,76401,102],{"class":73},[63,76403,5607],{"class":82},[63,76405,3229],{"class":73},[63,76407,76408,76410,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,76409,3497],{"class":73},[63,76411,76412],{"class":82},"50",[63,76414,102],{"class":73},[63,76416,50459],{"class":82},[63,76418,102],{"class":73},[63,76420,7402],{"class":82},[63,76422,3229],{"class":73},[20,76424,76425,76426,307],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[303,76427,76428],{"href":74424},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1193,76430,76432],{"id":76431},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76434,2437],{},[54,76436,76438],{"className":56,"code":76437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76439,76440,76460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76441,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76443,3211],{"class":382},[63,76445,386],{"class":270},[63,76447,3216],{"class":73},[63,76449,674],{"class":82},[63,76451,102],{"class":73},[63,76453,105],{"class":82},[63,76455,102],{"class":73},[63,76457,518],{"class":82},[63,76459,3229],{"class":73},[63,76461,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76463,70],{"class":69},[63,76465,74],{"class":73},[63,76467,3243],{"class":181},[63,76469,73740],{"class":73},[63,76471,1734],{"class":82},[63,76473,191],{"class":73},[20,76475,76476,76477,76479,76480,76482],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76478,40326],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76481,1734],{}," does not make sense.",[49,76484,76486],{"id":76485},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76488,76489],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1193,76491,76493],{"id":76492},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[54,76495,76497],{"className":56,"code":76496,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76498,76499,76523,76527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76500,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76502,3211],{"class":382},[63,76504,386],{"class":270},[63,76506,3216],{"class":73},[63,76508,1940],{"class":82},[63,76510,102],{"class":73},[63,76512,7397],{"class":82},[63,76514,102],{"class":73},[63,76516,7402],{"class":82},[63,76518,102],{"class":73},[63,76520,50459],{"class":82},[63,76522,3229],{"class":73},[63,76524,76525],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76526,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,76528,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76530,70],{"class":69},[63,76532,74],{"class":73},[63,76534,3243],{"class":181},[63,76536,3497],{"class":73},[63,76538,274],{"class":82},[63,76540,191],{"class":73},[20,76542,110],{},[54,76544,76545],{"className":56,"code":69458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,76546,76547],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76548,76549],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76550,69458],{"class":82},[1193,76552,76554],{"id":76553},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[54,76556,76558],{"className":56,"code":76557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76559,76560,76584,76588],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76561,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76563,3211],{"class":382},[63,76565,386],{"class":270},[63,76567,3216],{"class":73},[63,76569,1940],{"class":82},[63,76571,102],{"class":73},[63,76573,7397],{"class":82},[63,76575,102],{"class":73},[63,76577,7402],{"class":82},[63,76579,102],{"class":73},[63,76581,50459],{"class":82},[63,76583,3229],{"class":73},[63,76585,76586],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76587,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,76589,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76591,70],{"class":69},[63,76593,74],{"class":73},[63,76595,3243],{"class":181},[63,76597,3497],{"class":73},[63,76599,274],{"class":82},[63,76601,2482],{"class":73},[63,76603,715],{"class":82},[63,76605,191],{"class":73},[20,76607,110],{},[54,76609,76611],{"className":56,"code":76610,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[30]\n",[15,76612,76613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76614,76615,76617,76619],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76616,3497],{"class":73},[63,76618,36466],{"class":82},[63,76620,3229],{"class":73},[20,76622,13380],{},[30,76624,76625,76631],{},[33,76626,76627,76630],{},[15,76628,76629],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,76632,76633,76636],{},[15,76634,76635],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76638,76639],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,76641,76642,76645],{},[33,76643,76644],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,76646,76647],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76649,1820],{},[54,76651,76653],{"className":56,"code":76652,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76654,76655,76675,76679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76656,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76658,3211],{"class":382},[63,76660,386],{"class":270},[63,76662,3216],{"class":73},[63,76664,1940],{"class":82},[63,76666,102],{"class":73},[63,76668,7397],{"class":82},[63,76670,102],{"class":73},[63,76672,7402],{"class":82},[63,76674,3229],{"class":73},[63,76676,76677],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76678,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,76680,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76682,70],{"class":69},[63,76684,74],{"class":73},[63,76686,3243],{"class":181},[63,76688,3497],{"class":73},[63,76690,1750],{"class":82},[63,76692,2482],{"class":73},[63,76694,1940],{"class":82},[63,76696,191],{"class":73},[20,76698,110],{},[54,76700,76701],{"className":56,"code":37923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,76702,76703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76704,76705],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76706,37923],{"class":73},[20,76708,76709],{},"But this would raise an error:",[54,76711,76713],{"className":56,"code":76712,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76714,76715,76735,76739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76716,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76718,3211],{"class":382},[63,76720,386],{"class":270},[63,76722,3216],{"class":73},[63,76724,1940],{"class":82},[63,76726,102],{"class":73},[63,76728,7397],{"class":82},[63,76730,102],{"class":73},[63,76732,7402],{"class":82},[63,76734,3229],{"class":73},[63,76736,76737],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76738,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,76740,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76742,70],{"class":69},[63,76744,74],{"class":73},[63,76746,3243],{"class":181},[63,76748,3497],{"class":73},[63,76750,1750],{"class":82},[63,76752,191],{"class":73},[20,76754,76755,76756,307],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[303,76757,68877],{"href":68876},[49,76759,14795],{"id":76760},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76762,76763],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,76765,76766,76770,76772,76775,76781],{},[33,76767,4305,76768,75359],{},[15,76769,75044],{},[33,76771,60311],{},[33,76773,76774],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,76776,36829,76777,8314,76779],{},[15,76778,75679],{},[15,76780,73144],{},[33,76782,76783,76784,76786],{},"Using step ",[15,76785,1734],{},", which causes an error",[1193,76788,76790],{"id":76789},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[54,76792,76794],{"className":56,"code":76793,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76795,76796,76824],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76797,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76799,3211],{"class":382},[63,76801,386],{"class":270},[63,76803,3216],{"class":73},[63,76805,1940],{"class":82},[63,76807,102],{"class":73},[63,76809,7397],{"class":82},[63,76811,102],{"class":73},[63,76813,7402],{"class":82},[63,76815,102],{"class":73},[63,76817,50459],{"class":82},[63,76819,102],{"class":73},[63,76821,4682],{"class":82},[63,76823,3229],{"class":73},[63,76825,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76827,70],{"class":69},[63,76829,74],{"class":73},[63,76831,3243],{"class":181},[63,76833,3497],{"class":73},[63,76835,674],{"class":82},[63,76837,2482],{"class":73},[63,76839,952],{"class":82},[63,76841,191],{"class":73},[20,76843,76844],{},"This returns:",[54,76846,76848],{"className":56,"code":76847,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76849,76850],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76851,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76853,3497],{"class":73},[63,76855,15373],{"class":82},[63,76857,102],{"class":73},[63,76859,7402],{"class":82},[63,76861,102],{"class":73},[63,76863,50459],{"class":82},[63,76865,3229],{"class":73},[20,76867,970,76868,76870,76871,76873,76874,307],{},[833,76869,973],{}," include ",[15,76872,76412],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76875,952],{},[1193,76877,76879],{"id":76878},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76881,16262],{},[54,76883,76885],{"className":56,"code":76884,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76886,76887,76907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76888,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76890,3211],{"class":382},[63,76892,386],{"class":270},[63,76894,3216],{"class":73},[63,76896,1940],{"class":82},[63,76898,102],{"class":73},[63,76900,7397],{"class":82},[63,76902,102],{"class":73},[63,76904,7402],{"class":82},[63,76906,3229],{"class":73},[63,76908,76909],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76910,76911],{"class":1357},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76913,76914],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[54,76916,76918],{"className":56,"code":76917,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76919,76920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76921,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76923,70],{"class":69},[63,76925,74],{"class":73},[63,76927,3243],{"class":181},[63,76929,3497],{"class":73},[63,76931,674],{"class":82},[63,76933,2482],{"class":73},[63,76935,715],{"class":82},[63,76937,191],{"class":73},[1193,76939,76941],{"id":76940},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76943,76944],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[54,76946,76948],{"className":56,"code":76947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76949,76950,76974,76988,76992,77002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76951,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76953,3211],{"class":382},[63,76955,386],{"class":270},[63,76957,3216],{"class":73},[63,76959,1940],{"class":82},[63,76961,102],{"class":73},[63,76963,7397],{"class":82},[63,76965,102],{"class":73},[63,76967,7402],{"class":82},[63,76969,102],{"class":73},[63,76971,50459],{"class":82},[63,76973,3229],{"class":73},[63,76975,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,76977,75277],{"class":382},[63,76979,386],{"class":270},[63,76981,3862],{"class":382},[63,76983,75153],{"class":73},[63,76985,274],{"class":82},[63,76987,3229],{"class":73},[63,76989,76990],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,76991,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,76993,76994,76996,76998,77000],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,76995,70],{"class":69},[63,76997,74],{"class":73},[63,76999,75300],{"class":181},[63,77001,397],{"class":73},[63,77003,77004,77006,77008,77010],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,77005,70],{"class":69},[63,77007,74],{"class":73},[63,77009,3243],{"class":181},[63,77011,397],{"class":73},[20,77013,110],{},[54,77015,77017],{"className":56,"code":77016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77018,77019,77031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77020,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77022,3497],{"class":73},[63,77024,1940],{"class":82},[63,77026,102],{"class":73},[63,77028,7397],{"class":82},[63,77030,3229],{"class":73},[63,77032,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77034,3497],{"class":73},[63,77036,1940],{"class":82},[63,77038,102],{"class":73},[63,77040,7397],{"class":82},[63,77042,102],{"class":73},[63,77044,7402],{"class":82},[63,77046,102],{"class":73},[63,77048,50459],{"class":82},[63,77050,3229],{"class":73},[20,77052,77053],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1193,77055,77057,77058,8314,77060],{"id":77056},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77059,75679],{},[15,77061,73144],{},[54,77063,77065],{"className":56,"code":77064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77066,77067,77087,77091,77108,77119],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77068,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77070,3211],{"class":382},[63,77072,386],{"class":270},[63,77074,3216],{"class":73},[63,77076,1940],{"class":82},[63,77078,102],{"class":73},[63,77080,7397],{"class":82},[63,77082,102],{"class":73},[63,77084,7402],{"class":82},[63,77086,3229],{"class":73},[63,77088,77089],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77090,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,77092,77093,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,77094,77095],{"class":382},"reversed_copy ",[63,77097,386],{"class":270},[63,77099,3862],{"class":382},[63,77101,73740],{"class":73},[63,77103,1639],{"class":270},[63,77105,674],{"class":82},[63,77107,3229],{"class":73},[63,77109,77110,77112,77114,77117],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,77111,70],{"class":69},[63,77113,74],{"class":73},[63,77115,77116],{"class":181},"reversed_copy",[63,77118,397],{"class":73},[63,77120,77121,77123,77125,77127],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,77122,70],{"class":69},[63,77124,74],{"class":73},[63,77126,3243],{"class":181},[63,77128,397],{"class":73},[20,77130,110],{},[54,77132,77134],{"className":56,"code":77133,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77135,77136,77152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77137,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77139,3497],{"class":73},[63,77141,36466],{"class":82},[63,77143,102],{"class":73},[63,77145,7397],{"class":82},[63,77147,102],{"class":73},[63,77149,5607],{"class":82},[63,77151,3229],{"class":73},[63,77153,77154,77156,77158,77160,77162,77164,77166],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77155,3497],{"class":73},[63,77157,1940],{"class":82},[63,77159,102],{"class":73},[63,77161,7397],{"class":82},[63,77163,102],{"class":73},[63,77165,7402],{"class":82},[63,77167,3229],{"class":73},[20,77169,77170,77173],{},[15,77171,77172],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77175,77176,77177,77180],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77178,77179],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1193,77182,77184],{"id":77183},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77186,77187],{},"This is not allowed:",[54,77189,77191],{"className":56,"code":77190,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77192,77193,77213],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77194,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77196,3211],{"class":382},[63,77198,386],{"class":270},[63,77200,3216],{"class":73},[63,77202,1940],{"class":82},[63,77204,102],{"class":73},[63,77206,7397],{"class":82},[63,77208,102],{"class":73},[63,77210,7402],{"class":82},[63,77212,3229],{"class":73},[63,77214,77215],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77216,77217],{"class":1357},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77219,77220,77221,307],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77222,40326],{},[49,77224,77226],{"id":77225},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77228,77229],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77231,77232,77239,77245,77248,77251],{},[33,77233,36829,77234,3993,77236,77238],{},[15,77235,35696],{},[15,77237,75044],{}," positions",[33,77240,77241,77242,77244],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77243,75044],{}," index is included",[33,77246,77247],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77249,77250],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77252,77253],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77255,77256],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[54,77258,77260],{"className":56,"code":77259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77261,77262,77272,77286,77304,77318,77335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77263,77264,77266,77268,77270],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77265,70],{"class":69},[63,77267,74],{"class":73},[63,77269,7948],{"class":181},[63,77271,397],{"class":73},[63,77273,77274,77276,77278,77280,77282,77284],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77275,70],{"class":69},[63,77277,74],{"class":73},[63,77279,10774],{"class":69},[63,77281,74],{"class":73},[63,77283,7948],{"class":181},[63,77285,86],{"class":73},[63,77287,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,77289,70],{"class":69},[63,77291,74],{"class":73},[63,77293,7948],{"class":181},[63,77295,3497],{"class":73},[63,77297,674],{"class":82},[63,77299,2482],{"class":73},[63,77301,952],{"class":82},[63,77303,191],{"class":73},[63,77305,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314,77316],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,77307,70],{"class":69},[63,77309,74],{"class":73},[63,77311,7948],{"class":181},[63,77313,75153],{"class":73},[63,77315,715],{"class":82},[63,77317,191],{"class":73},[63,77319,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,77321,70],{"class":69},[63,77323,74],{"class":73},[63,77325,7948],{"class":181},[63,77327,3497],{"class":73},[63,77329,1639],{"class":270},[63,77331,715],{"class":82},[63,77333,77334],{"class":73},":])\n",[63,77336,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,77338,70],{"class":69},[63,77340,74],{"class":73},[63,77342,7948],{"class":181},[63,77344,73740],{"class":73},[63,77346,1639],{"class":270},[63,77348,674],{"class":82},[63,77350,191],{"class":73},[20,77352,311,77353,77355,77356,77360],{},[15,77354,41977],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[303,77357,77359],{"href":77358},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[49,77362,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,77364,77366],{"id":77365},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77368,77369],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1193,77371,77373],{"id":77372},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77375,77376],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1193,77378,4744,77380,39587],{"id":77379},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77381,75679],{},[20,77383,77384],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1193,77386,77388,77389,1506],{"id":77387},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77390,70349],{},[20,77392,77393],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[49,77395,1517],{"id":1516},[30,77397,77398,77403,77408,77412,77416,77420],{},[33,77399,77400],{},[303,77401,77402],{"href":50595},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77404,77405],{},[303,77406,77407],{"href":56771},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77409,77410],{},[303,77411,14583],{"href":56837},[33,77413,77414],{},[303,77415,74425],{"href":74424},[33,77417,77418],{},[303,77419,77359],{"href":77358},[33,77421,77422],{},[303,77423,68877],{"href":68876},[20,77425,77426,77427,77429],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77428,41977],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1542,77431,77432],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":77434},[77435,77436,77437,77438,77439,77440,77443,77447,77455,77456,77464],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":75208,"depth":89,"text":75209},{"id":75371,"depth":89,"text":75372},{"id":75633,"depth":89,"text":75634},{"id":75927,"depth":89,"text":75928},{"id":76173,"depth":89,"text":76174,"children":77441},[77442],{"id":76431,"depth":254,"text":76432},{"id":76485,"depth":89,"text":76486,"children":77444},[77445,77446],{"id":76492,"depth":254,"text":76493},{"id":76553,"depth":254,"text":76554},{"id":76760,"depth":89,"text":14795,"children":77448},[77449,77450,77451,77452,77454],{"id":76789,"depth":254,"text":76790},{"id":76878,"depth":254,"text":76879},{"id":76940,"depth":254,"text":76941},{"id":77056,"depth":254,"text":77453},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77183,"depth":254,"text":77184},{"id":77225,"depth":89,"text":77226},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":77457},[77458,77459,77460,77462],{"id":77365,"depth":254,"text":77366},{"id":77372,"depth":254,"text":77373},{"id":77379,"depth":254,"text":77461},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77387,"depth":254,"text":77463},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75031,"description":77465},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77472,"title":77473,"body":77474,"description":79543,"extension":1580,"meta":79544,"navigation":579,"path":79545,"seo":79546,"stem":79547,"__hash__":79548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77475,"toc":79509},[77476,77481,77487,77493,77495,77542,77549,77554,77558,77573,77576,77629,77631,77656,77661,77663,77695,77698,77714,77716,77777,77779,77804,77808,77813,77866,77868,77893,77898,77959,77961,77986,77989,77996,78000,78003,78064,78066,78099,78102,78163,78165,78198,78204,78277,78279,78311,78318,78323,78328,78330,78342,78345,78423,78425,78466,78469,78543,78545,78578,78583,78590,78597,78601,78610,78614,78622,78624,78691,78693,78729,78734,78745,78747,78752,78757,78759,78822,78824,78849,78856,78861,78865,78868,78908,78913,78919,78924,78926,78953,78958,78961,79008,79010,79067,79074,79079,79085,79154,79158,79161,79224,79226,79259,79264,79266,79269,79350,79352,79376,79382,79384,79389,79393,79400,79408,79412,79414,79437,79441,79443,79470,79473,79480,79483,79485,79506],[10,77477,53959,77479,10935],{"id":77478},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77480,63931],{},[20,77482,77483,77486],{},[15,77484,77485],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77488,77489,77490,77492],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77491,63931],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[49,77494,52],{"id":51},[54,77496,77498],{"className":56,"code":77497,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77499,77500,77520,77530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77501,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77503,3211],{"class":382},[63,77505,386],{"class":270},[63,77507,3216],{"class":73},[63,77509,715],{"class":82},[63,77511,102],{"class":73},[63,77513,249],{"class":82},[63,77515,102],{"class":73},[63,77517,105],{"class":82},[63,77519,3229],{"class":73},[63,77521,77522,77524,77526,77528],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77523,3243],{"class":382},[63,77525,307],{"class":73},[63,77527,34421],{"class":181},[63,77529,8252],{"class":73},[63,77531,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,77533,70],{"class":69},[63,77535,74],{"class":73},[63,77537,3243],{"class":181},[63,77539,3256],{"class":73},[63,77541,54549],{"class":1357},[20,77543,128,77544,77546,77547,307],{},[15,77545,77485],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77548,3373],{},[49,77550,138,77552,141],{"id":77551},"what-listsort-does",[15,77553,77485],{},[20,77555,77556,2482],{},[15,77557,77485],{},[30,77559,77560,77563,77566,77570],{},[33,77561,77562],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,77564,77565],{},"Changes the original list",[33,77567,11037,77568],{},[15,77569,3373],{},[33,77571,77572],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77574,77575],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[54,77577,77579],{"className":56,"code":77578,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77580,77581,77605,77615,77619],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77582,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77584,3211],{"class":382},[63,77586,386],{"class":270},[63,77588,3216],{"class":73},[63,77590,1750],{"class":82},[63,77592,102],{"class":73},[63,77594,105],{"class":82},[63,77596,102],{"class":73},[63,77598,53753],{"class":82},[63,77600,102],{"class":73},[63,77602,249],{"class":82},[63,77604,3229],{"class":73},[63,77606,77607,77609,77611,77613],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77608,3243],{"class":382},[63,77610,307],{"class":73},[63,77612,34421],{"class":181},[63,77614,8252],{"class":73},[63,77616,77617],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,77618,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,77620,77621,77623,77625,77627],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,77622,70],{"class":69},[63,77624,74],{"class":73},[63,77626,3243],{"class":181},[63,77628,397],{"class":73},[20,77630,110],{},[54,77632,77634],{"className":56,"code":77633,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77635,77636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77637,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77639,3497],{"class":73},[63,77641,674],{"class":82},[63,77643,102],{"class":73},[63,77645,105],{"class":82},[63,77647,102],{"class":73},[63,77649,4206],{"class":82},[63,77651,102],{"class":73},[63,77653,53753],{"class":82},[63,77655,3229],{"class":73},[20,77657,77658,77659,307],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[303,77660,66695],{"href":50595},[49,77662,164],{"id":163},[54,77664,77666],{"className":56,"code":77665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77667,77668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77669,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686,77689,77691,77693],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77671,7948],{"class":382},[63,77673,307],{"class":73},[63,77675,34421],{"class":181},[63,77677,74],{"class":73},[63,77679,14459],{"class":8785},[63,77681,386],{"class":270},[63,77683,3373],{"class":3448},[63,77685,102],{"class":73},[63,77687,77688],{"class":8785}," reverse",[63,77690,386],{"class":270},[63,77692,3269],{"class":3448},[63,77694,397],{"class":73},[20,77696,77697],{},"Main arguments:",[30,77699,77700,77705,77711],{},[33,77701,77702,77704],{},[15,77703,14459],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,77706,77707,77710],{},[15,77708,77709],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,77712,77713],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77715,1820],{},[54,77717,77719],{"className":56,"code":77718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77720,77721,77745,77763,77767],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77722,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77724,3211],{"class":382},[63,77726,386],{"class":270},[63,77728,3216],{"class":73},[63,77730,952],{"class":82},[63,77732,102],{"class":73},[63,77734,249],{"class":82},[63,77736,102],{"class":73},[63,77738,5596],{"class":82},[63,77740,102],{"class":73},[63,77742,105],{"class":82},[63,77744,3229],{"class":73},[63,77746,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77748,3243],{"class":382},[63,77750,307],{"class":73},[63,77752,34421],{"class":181},[63,77754,74],{"class":73},[63,77756,73195],{"class":8785},[63,77758,386],{"class":270},[63,77760,3196],{"class":3448},[63,77762,397],{"class":73},[63,77764,77765],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,77766,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,77768,77769,77771,77773,77775],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,77770,70],{"class":69},[63,77772,74],{"class":73},[63,77774,3243],{"class":181},[63,77776,397],{"class":73},[20,77778,110],{},[54,77780,77782],{"className":56,"code":77781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77783,77784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77785,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77787,3497],{"class":73},[63,77789,1642],{"class":82},[63,77791,102],{"class":73},[63,77793,2061],{"class":82},[63,77795,102],{"class":73},[63,77797,105],{"class":82},[63,77799,102],{"class":73},[63,77801,249],{"class":82},[63,77803,3229],{"class":73},[49,77805,77807],{"id":77806},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77809,128,77810,77812],{},[15,77811,63931],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[54,77814,77816],{"className":56,"code":77815,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77817,77818,77842,77852,77856],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77819,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77821,3211],{"class":382},[63,77823,386],{"class":270},[63,77825,3216],{"class":73},[63,77827,1940],{"class":82},[63,77829,102],{"class":73},[63,77831,518],{"class":82},[63,77833,102],{"class":73},[63,77835,5962],{"class":82},[63,77837,102],{"class":73},[63,77839,249],{"class":82},[63,77841,3229],{"class":73},[63,77843,77844,77846,77848,77850],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77845,3243],{"class":382},[63,77847,307],{"class":73},[63,77849,34421],{"class":181},[63,77851,8252],{"class":73},[63,77853,77854],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,77855,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,77857,77858,77860,77862,77864],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,77859,70],{"class":69},[63,77861,74],{"class":73},[63,77863,3243],{"class":181},[63,77865,397],{"class":73},[20,77867,110],{},[54,77869,77871],{"className":56,"code":77870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77872,77873],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77874,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77876,3497],{"class":73},[63,77878,674],{"class":82},[63,77880,102],{"class":73},[63,77882,518],{"class":82},[63,77884,102],{"class":73},[63,77886,5962],{"class":82},[63,77888,102],{"class":73},[63,77890,5607],{"class":82},[63,77892,3229],{"class":73},[20,77894,128,77895,77897],{},[15,77896,77709],{}," for descending order:",[54,77899,77901],{"className":56,"code":77900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77902,77903,77927,77945,77949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77904,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77906,3211],{"class":382},[63,77908,386],{"class":270},[63,77910,3216],{"class":73},[63,77912,1940],{"class":82},[63,77914,102],{"class":73},[63,77916,518],{"class":82},[63,77918,102],{"class":73},[63,77920,5962],{"class":82},[63,77922,102],{"class":73},[63,77924,249],{"class":82},[63,77926,3229],{"class":73},[63,77928,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,77930,3243],{"class":382},[63,77932,307],{"class":73},[63,77934,34421],{"class":181},[63,77936,74],{"class":73},[63,77938,73195],{"class":8785},[63,77940,386],{"class":270},[63,77942,3196],{"class":3448},[63,77944,397],{"class":73},[63,77946,77947],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,77948,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,77950,77951,77953,77955,77957],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,77952,70],{"class":69},[63,77954,74],{"class":73},[63,77956,3243],{"class":181},[63,77958,397],{"class":73},[20,77960,110],{},[54,77962,77964],{"className":56,"code":77963,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77965,77966],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77967,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77969,3497],{"class":73},[63,77971,1940],{"class":82},[63,77973,102],{"class":73},[63,77975,5962],{"class":82},[63,77977,102],{"class":73},[63,77979,518],{"class":82},[63,77981,102],{"class":73},[63,77983,249],{"class":82},[63,77985,3229],{"class":73},[20,77987,77988],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77990,77991,77992,307],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[303,77993,77995],{"href":77994},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[49,77997,77999],{"id":77998},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78001,78002],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[54,78004,78006],{"className":56,"code":78005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78007,78008,78040,78050,78054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78009,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78011,3668],{"class":382},[63,78013,386],{"class":270},[63,78015,3216],{"class":73},[63,78017,2455],{"class":448},[63,78019,3686],{"class":452},[63,78021,2455],{"class":448},[63,78023,102],{"class":73},[63,78025,1375],{"class":448},[63,78027,3677],{"class":452},[63,78029,2455],{"class":448},[63,78031,102],{"class":73},[63,78033,1375],{"class":448},[63,78035,3695],{"class":452},[63,78037,2455],{"class":448},[63,78039,3229],{"class":73},[63,78041,78042,78044,78046,78048],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78043,3712],{"class":382},[63,78045,307],{"class":73},[63,78047,34421],{"class":181},[63,78049,8252],{"class":73},[63,78051,78052],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,78053,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78055,78056,78058,78060,78062],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,78057,70],{"class":69},[63,78059,74],{"class":73},[63,78061,3712],{"class":181},[63,78063,397],{"class":73},[20,78065,110],{},[54,78067,78069],{"className":56,"code":78068,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78070,78071],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78072,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78074,3497],{"class":73},[63,78076,456],{"class":448},[63,78078,3677],{"class":452},[63,78080,456],{"class":448},[63,78082,102],{"class":73},[63,78084,449],{"class":448},[63,78086,3686],{"class":452},[63,78088,456],{"class":448},[63,78090,102],{"class":73},[63,78092,449],{"class":448},[63,78094,3695],{"class":452},[63,78096,456],{"class":448},[63,78098,3229],{"class":73},[20,78100,78101],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[54,78103,78105],{"className":56,"code":78104,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78106,78107,78139,78149,78153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78108,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78110,3668],{"class":382},[63,78112,386],{"class":270},[63,78114,3216],{"class":73},[63,78116,2455],{"class":448},[63,78118,3686],{"class":452},[63,78120,2455],{"class":448},[63,78122,102],{"class":73},[63,78124,1375],{"class":448},[63,78126,57386],{"class":452},[63,78128,2455],{"class":448},[63,78130,102],{"class":73},[63,78132,1375],{"class":448},[63,78134,3695],{"class":452},[63,78136,2455],{"class":448},[63,78138,3229],{"class":73},[63,78140,78141,78143,78145,78147],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78142,3712],{"class":382},[63,78144,307],{"class":73},[63,78146,34421],{"class":181},[63,78148,8252],{"class":73},[63,78150,78151],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,78152,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78154,78155,78157,78159,78161],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,78156,70],{"class":69},[63,78158,74],{"class":73},[63,78160,3712],{"class":181},[63,78162,397],{"class":73},[20,78164,110],{},[54,78166,78168],{"className":56,"code":78167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78169,78170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78171,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78173,3497],{"class":73},[63,78175,456],{"class":448},[63,78177,57386],{"class":452},[63,78179,456],{"class":448},[63,78181,102],{"class":73},[63,78183,449],{"class":448},[63,78185,3686],{"class":452},[63,78187,456],{"class":448},[63,78189,102],{"class":73},[63,78191,449],{"class":448},[63,78193,3695],{"class":452},[63,78195,456],{"class":448},[63,78197,3229],{"class":73},[20,78199,78200,78201,2482],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78202,78203],{},"key=str.lower",[54,78205,78207],{"className":56,"code":78206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78208,78209,78241,78263,78267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78210,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78212,3668],{"class":382},[63,78214,386],{"class":270},[63,78216,3216],{"class":73},[63,78218,2455],{"class":448},[63,78220,3686],{"class":452},[63,78222,2455],{"class":448},[63,78224,102],{"class":73},[63,78226,1375],{"class":448},[63,78228,57386],{"class":452},[63,78230,2455],{"class":448},[63,78232,102],{"class":73},[63,78234,1375],{"class":448},[63,78236,3695],{"class":452},[63,78238,2455],{"class":448},[63,78240,3229],{"class":73},[63,78242,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78244,3712],{"class":382},[63,78246,307],{"class":73},[63,78248,34421],{"class":181},[63,78250,74],{"class":73},[63,78252,14459],{"class":8785},[63,78254,386],{"class":270},[63,78256,3037],{"class":417},[63,78258,307],{"class":73},[63,78260,8249],{"class":24370},[63,78262,397],{"class":73},[63,78264,78265],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,78266,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78268,78269,78271,78273,78275],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,78270,70],{"class":69},[63,78272,74],{"class":73},[63,78274,3712],{"class":181},[63,78276,397],{"class":73},[20,78278,110],{},[54,78280,78281],{"className":56,"code":78167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,78282,78283],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78284,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78286,3497],{"class":73},[63,78288,456],{"class":448},[63,78290,57386],{"class":452},[63,78292,456],{"class":448},[63,78294,102],{"class":73},[63,78296,449],{"class":448},[63,78298,3686],{"class":452},[63,78300,456],{"class":448},[63,78302,102],{"class":73},[63,78304,449],{"class":448},[63,78306,3695],{"class":452},[63,78308,456],{"class":448},[63,78310,3229],{"class":73},[20,78312,78313,78314,78317],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78315,78316],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[49,78319,36237,78321,36240],{"id":78320},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78322,14459],{},[20,78324,1597,78325,78327],{},[15,78326,14459],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78329,6948],{},[30,78331,78332,78337],{},[33,78333,78334,78336],{},[15,78335,10774],{}," to sort by length",[33,78338,78339,78341],{},[15,78340,78316],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78343,78344],{},"Sort words by length:",[54,78346,78348],{"className":56,"code":78347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78349,78350,78391,78409,78413],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78351,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78353,3668],{"class":382},[63,78355,386],{"class":270},[63,78357,3216],{"class":73},[63,78359,2455],{"class":448},[63,78361,78362],{"class":452},"pear",[63,78364,2455],{"class":448},[63,78366,102],{"class":73},[63,78368,1375],{"class":448},[63,78370,3686],{"class":452},[63,78372,2455],{"class":448},[63,78374,102],{"class":73},[63,78376,1375],{"class":448},[63,78378,37984],{"class":452},[63,78380,2455],{"class":448},[63,78382,102],{"class":73},[63,78384,1375],{"class":448},[63,78386,3677],{"class":452},[63,78388,2455],{"class":448},[63,78390,3229],{"class":73},[63,78392,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78394,3712],{"class":382},[63,78396,307],{"class":73},[63,78398,34421],{"class":181},[63,78400,74],{"class":73},[63,78402,14459],{"class":8785},[63,78404,386],{"class":270},[63,78406,10774],{"class":69},[63,78408,397],{"class":73},[63,78410,78411],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,78412,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78414,78415,78417,78419,78421],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,78416,70],{"class":69},[63,78418,74],{"class":73},[63,78420,3712],{"class":181},[63,78422,397],{"class":73},[20,78424,110],{},[54,78426,78428],{"className":56,"code":78427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78429,78430],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78431,78432,78434,78436,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78433,3497],{"class":73},[63,78435,456],{"class":448},[63,78437,37984],{"class":452},[63,78439,456],{"class":448},[63,78441,102],{"class":73},[63,78443,449],{"class":448},[63,78445,78362],{"class":452},[63,78447,456],{"class":448},[63,78449,102],{"class":73},[63,78451,449],{"class":448},[63,78453,3677],{"class":452},[63,78455,456],{"class":448},[63,78457,102],{"class":73},[63,78459,449],{"class":448},[63,78461,3686],{"class":452},[63,78463,456],{"class":448},[63,78465,3229],{"class":73},[20,78467,78468],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[54,78470,78472],{"className":56,"code":78471,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78473,78474,78507,78529,78533],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78475,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500,78503,78505],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78477,3668],{"class":382},[63,78479,386],{"class":270},[63,78481,3216],{"class":73},[63,78483,2455],{"class":448},[63,78485,4614],{"class":452},[63,78487,2455],{"class":448},[63,78489,102],{"class":73},[63,78491,1375],{"class":448},[63,78493,17422],{"class":452},[63,78495,2455],{"class":448},[63,78497,102],{"class":73},[63,78499,1375],{"class":448},[63,78501,78502],{"class":452},"Carol",[63,78504,2455],{"class":448},[63,78506,3229],{"class":73},[63,78508,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78510,3712],{"class":382},[63,78512,307],{"class":73},[63,78514,34421],{"class":181},[63,78516,74],{"class":73},[63,78518,14459],{"class":8785},[63,78520,386],{"class":270},[63,78522,3037],{"class":417},[63,78524,307],{"class":73},[63,78526,8249],{"class":24370},[63,78528,397],{"class":73},[63,78530,78531],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,78532,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78534,78535,78537,78539,78541],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,78536,70],{"class":69},[63,78538,74],{"class":73},[63,78540,3712],{"class":181},[63,78542,397],{"class":73},[20,78544,110],{},[54,78546,78548],{"className":56,"code":78547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78549,78550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78551,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78553,3497],{"class":73},[63,78555,456],{"class":448},[63,78557,17422],{"class":452},[63,78559,456],{"class":448},[63,78561,102],{"class":73},[63,78563,449],{"class":448},[63,78565,4614],{"class":452},[63,78567,456],{"class":448},[63,78569,102],{"class":73},[63,78571,449],{"class":448},[63,78573,78502],{"class":452},[63,78575,456],{"class":448},[63,78577,3229],{"class":73},[20,78579,1597,78580,78582],{},[15,78581,14459],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[49,78584,78586,10197,78588],{"id":78585},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78587,77485],{},[15,78589,74042],{},[20,78591,78592,3993,78594,78596],{},[15,78593,77485],{},[15,78595,74042],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78598,78599,2482],{},[15,78600,77485],{},[30,78602,78603,78606],{},[33,78604,78605],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,78607,11037,78608],{},[15,78609,3373],{},[20,78611,78612,2482],{},[15,78613,74042],{},[30,78615,78616,78619],{},[33,78617,78618],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,78620,78621],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78623,1820],{},[54,78625,78627],{"className":56,"code":78626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78628,78629,78649,78653,78667,78671,78681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78630,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78632,3211],{"class":382},[63,78634,386],{"class":270},[63,78636,3216],{"class":73},[63,78638,715],{"class":82},[63,78640,102],{"class":73},[63,78642,249],{"class":82},[63,78644,102],{"class":73},[63,78646,105],{"class":82},[63,78648,3229],{"class":73},[63,78650,78651],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78652,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78654,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,78656,55507],{"class":382},[63,78658,386],{"class":270},[63,78660,74176],{"class":69},[63,78662,74],{"class":73},[63,78664,3243],{"class":181},[63,78666,397],{"class":73},[63,78668,78669],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,78670,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78672,78673,78675,78677,78679],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,78674,70],{"class":69},[63,78676,74],{"class":73},[63,78678,3243],{"class":181},[63,78680,397],{"class":73},[63,78682,78683,78685,78687,78689],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,78684,70],{"class":69},[63,78686,74],{"class":73},[63,78688,73899],{"class":181},[63,78690,397],{"class":73},[20,78692,110],{},[54,78694,78695],{"className":56,"code":74211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,78696,78697,78713],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78698,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78700,3497],{"class":73},[63,78702,715],{"class":82},[63,78704,102],{"class":73},[63,78706,249],{"class":82},[63,78708,102],{"class":73},[63,78710,105],{"class":82},[63,78712,3229],{"class":73},[63,78714,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78716,3497],{"class":73},[63,78718,674],{"class":82},[63,78720,102],{"class":73},[63,78722,105],{"class":82},[63,78724,102],{"class":73},[63,78726,518],{"class":82},[63,78728,3229],{"class":73},[20,78730,128,78731,78733],{},[15,78732,74042],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78735,78736,78737,3993,78741,307],{},"You can learn more in ",[303,78738,13,78739,5385],{"href":74139},[15,78740,74042],{},[303,78742,78744],{"href":78743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[49,78746,1186],{"id":1185},[20,78748,78749,78750,307],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78751,77485],{},[1193,78753,12210,78755],{"id":78754},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78756,63931],{},[20,78758,25310],{},[54,78760,78762],{"className":56,"code":78761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78763,78764,78784,78798,78802,78812],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78765,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78767,3211],{"class":382},[63,78769,386],{"class":270},[63,78771,3216],{"class":73},[63,78773,715],{"class":82},[63,78775,102],{"class":73},[63,78777,249],{"class":82},[63,78779,102],{"class":73},[63,78781,105],{"class":82},[63,78783,3229],{"class":73},[63,78785,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78787,383],{"class":382},[63,78789,386],{"class":270},[63,78791,3862],{"class":382},[63,78793,307],{"class":73},[63,78795,34421],{"class":181},[63,78797,8252],{"class":73},[63,78799,78800],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,78801,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78803,78804,78806,78808,78810],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,78805,70],{"class":69},[63,78807,74],{"class":73},[63,78809,406],{"class":181},[63,78811,397],{"class":73},[63,78813,78814,78816,78818,78820],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,78815,70],{"class":69},[63,78817,74],{"class":73},[63,78819,3243],{"class":181},[63,78821,397],{"class":73},[20,78823,110],{},[54,78825,78827],{"className":56,"code":78826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78828,78829,78833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78830,78831],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78832,11423],{"class":3448},[63,78834,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78836,3497],{"class":73},[63,78838,674],{"class":82},[63,78840,102],{"class":73},[63,78842,105],{"class":82},[63,78844,102],{"class":73},[63,78846,518],{"class":82},[63,78848,3229],{"class":73},[20,78850,78851,78853,78854,307],{},[15,78852,63931],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78855,3373],{},[20,78857,78858,78859,6235],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78860,74042],{},[1193,78862,78864],{"id":78863},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78866,78867],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[54,78869,78871],{"className":56,"code":78870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78872,78873,78898],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78874,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78890,78892,78894,78896],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78876,7386],{"class":382},[63,78878,386],{"class":270},[63,78880,3216],{"class":73},[63,78882,674],{"class":82},[63,78884,102],{"class":73},[63,78886,1375],{"class":448},[63,78888,78889],{"class":452},"two",[63,78891,2455],{"class":448},[63,78893,102],{"class":73},[63,78895,518],{"class":82},[63,78897,3229],{"class":73},[63,78899,78900,78902,78904,78906],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78901,7417],{"class":382},[63,78903,307],{"class":73},[63,78905,34421],{"class":181},[63,78907,8252],{"class":73},[20,78909,2599,78910,78912],{},[15,78911,2602],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1193,78914,4305,78916,78918],{"id":78915},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78917,63931],{}," only works on lists",[20,78920,78921,78923],{},[15,78922,63931],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78925,16262],{},[54,78927,78929],{"className":56,"code":78928,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78930,78931,78943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78932,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78934,1370],{"class":382},[63,78936,386],{"class":270},[63,78938,1375],{"class":448},[63,78940,58],{"class":452},[63,78942,1381],{"class":448},[63,78944,78945,78947,78949,78951],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78946,1396],{"class":382},[63,78948,307],{"class":73},[63,78950,34421],{"class":181},[63,78952,8252],{"class":73},[20,78954,78955,78956,33223],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78957,63931],{},[20,78959,78960],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[54,78962,78964],{"className":56,"code":78963,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78965,78966,78984,78994,78998],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78967,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78969,35714],{"class":382},[63,78971,386],{"class":270},[63,78973,22180],{"class":417},[63,78975,74],{"class":73},[63,78977,2455],{"class":448},[63,78979,58],{"class":452},[63,78981,2455],{"class":448},[63,78983,397],{"class":73},[63,78985,78986,78988,78990,78992],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,78987,35767],{"class":382},[63,78989,307],{"class":73},[63,78991,34421],{"class":181},[63,78993,8252],{"class":73},[63,78995,78996],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,78997,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,78999,79000,79002,79004,79006],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,79001,70],{"class":69},[63,79003,74],{"class":73},[63,79005,35767],{"class":181},[63,79007,397],{"class":73},[20,79009,110],{},[54,79011,79013],{"className":56,"code":79012,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79014,79015],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79016,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79018,3497],{"class":73},[63,79020,456],{"class":448},[63,79022,60057],{"class":452},[63,79024,456],{"class":448},[63,79026,102],{"class":73},[63,79028,449],{"class":448},[63,79030,75648],{"class":452},[63,79032,456],{"class":448},[63,79034,102],{"class":73},[63,79036,449],{"class":448},[63,79038,60092],{"class":452},[63,79040,456],{"class":448},[63,79042,102],{"class":73},[63,79044,449],{"class":448},[63,79046,20],{"class":452},[63,79048,456],{"class":448},[63,79050,102],{"class":73},[63,79052,449],{"class":448},[63,79054,62906],{"class":452},[63,79056,456],{"class":448},[63,79058,102],{"class":73},[63,79060,449],{"class":448},[63,79062,11360],{"class":452},[63,79064,456],{"class":448},[63,79066,3229],{"class":73},[1193,79068,79070,79071,79073],{"id":79069},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79072,14459],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79075,79076,79077,307],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79078,14459],{},[20,79080,79081,79082,79084],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79083,63931],{}," will not do that:",[54,79086,79088],{"className":56,"code":79087,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79089,79090,79122,79140,79144],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79091,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79093,3668],{"class":382},[63,79095,386],{"class":270},[63,79097,3216],{"class":73},[63,79099,2455],{"class":448},[63,79101,3686],{"class":452},[63,79103,2455],{"class":448},[63,79105,102],{"class":73},[63,79107,1375],{"class":448},[63,79109,37984],{"class":452},[63,79111,2455],{"class":448},[63,79113,102],{"class":73},[63,79115,1375],{"class":448},[63,79117,3677],{"class":452},[63,79119,2455],{"class":448},[63,79121,3229],{"class":73},[63,79123,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,79125,3712],{"class":382},[63,79127,307],{"class":73},[63,79129,34421],{"class":181},[63,79131,74],{"class":73},[63,79133,14459],{"class":8785},[63,79135,386],{"class":270},[63,79137,10774],{"class":69},[63,79139,397],{"class":73},[63,79141,79142],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,79143,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,79145,79146,79148,79150,79152],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,79147,70],{"class":69},[63,79149,74],{"class":73},[63,79151,3712],{"class":181},[63,79153,397],{"class":73},[1193,79155,79157],{"id":79156},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79159,79160],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[54,79162,79164],{"className":56,"code":79163,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79165,79166,79200,79210,79214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79167,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79179,79181,79183,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193,79196,79198],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79169,3668],{"class":382},[63,79171,386],{"class":270},[63,79173,3216],{"class":73},[63,79175,2455],{"class":448},[63,79177,79178],{"class":452},"zebra",[63,79180,2455],{"class":448},[63,79182,102],{"class":73},[63,79184,1375],{"class":448},[63,79186,57386],{"class":452},[63,79188,2455],{"class":448},[63,79190,102],{"class":73},[63,79192,1375],{"class":448},[63,79194,79195],{"class":452},"monkey",[63,79197,2455],{"class":448},[63,79199,3229],{"class":73},[63,79201,79202,79204,79206,79208],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,79203,3712],{"class":382},[63,79205,307],{"class":73},[63,79207,34421],{"class":181},[63,79209,8252],{"class":73},[63,79211,79212],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,79213,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,79215,79216,79218,79220,79222],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,79217,70],{"class":69},[63,79219,74],{"class":73},[63,79221,3712],{"class":181},[63,79223,397],{"class":73},[20,79225,110],{},[54,79227,79229],{"className":56,"code":79228,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79230,79231],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79232,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79234,3497],{"class":73},[63,79236,456],{"class":448},[63,79238,57386],{"class":452},[63,79240,456],{"class":448},[63,79242,102],{"class":73},[63,79244,449],{"class":448},[63,79246,79195],{"class":452},[63,79248,456],{"class":448},[63,79250,102],{"class":73},[63,79252,449],{"class":448},[63,79254,79178],{"class":452},[63,79256,456],{"class":448},[63,79258,3229],{"class":73},[20,79260,128,79261,79263],{},[15,79262,78203],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1193,79265,60329],{"id":60328},[20,79267,79268],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[54,79270,79272],{"className":56,"code":79271,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79273,79274,79284,79298,79312,79326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79275,79276,79278,79280,79282],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79277,70],{"class":69},[63,79279,74],{"class":73},[63,79281,7948],{"class":181},[63,79283,397],{"class":73},[63,79285,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,79287,70],{"class":69},[63,79289,74],{"class":73},[63,79291,418],{"class":417},[63,79293,74],{"class":73},[63,79295,7948],{"class":181},[63,79297,86],{"class":73},[63,79299,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,79301,70],{"class":69},[63,79303,74],{"class":73},[63,79305,7948],{"class":181},[63,79307,307],{"class":73},[63,79309,34421],{"class":181},[63,79311,6799],{"class":73},[63,79313,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,79315,70],{"class":69},[63,79317,74],{"class":73},[63,79319,74132],{"class":69},[63,79321,74],{"class":73},[63,79323,7948],{"class":181},[63,79325,86],{"class":73},[63,79327,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,79329,70],{"class":69},[63,79331,2583],{"class":73},[63,79333,418],{"class":417},[63,79335,74],{"class":73},[63,79337,22930],{"class":181},[63,79339,3256],{"class":73},[63,79341,3474],{"class":3473},[63,79343,5563],{"class":181},[63,79345,3480],{"class":3473},[63,79347,8005],{"class":181},[63,79349,191],{"class":73},[20,79351,10783],{},[30,79353,79354,79357,79360,79367,79373],{},[33,79355,79356],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79358,79359],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79361,79362,79363,2004,79365],{},"That ",[15,79364,63931],{},[15,79366,3373],{},[33,79368,79369,79370,79372],{},"Whether ",[15,79371,74042],{}," works better for your case",[33,79374,79375],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79377,79378,79379,79381],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79380,2602],{}," problems.",[49,79383,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,79385,1459,79387,55086],{"id":79386},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79388,77485],{},[20,79390,62222,79391,307],{},[15,79392,3373],{},[1193,79394,4781,79396,3993,79398,1506],{"id":79395},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79397,63931],{},[15,79399,74042],{},[20,79401,79402,79404,79405,79407],{},[15,79403,63931],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79406,74042],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1193,79409,79411],{"id":79410},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79413,18314],{},[54,79415,79417],{"className":56,"code":79416,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79418,79419],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79420,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79422,7948],{"class":382},[63,79424,307],{"class":73},[63,79426,34421],{"class":181},[63,79428,74],{"class":73},[63,79430,73195],{"class":8785},[63,79432,386],{"class":270},[63,79434,3196],{"class":3448},[63,79436,397],{"class":73},[1193,79438,79440],{"id":79439},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79442,18314],{},[54,79444,79446],{"className":56,"code":79445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79447,79448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79449,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79451,7948],{"class":382},[63,79453,307],{"class":73},[63,79455,34421],{"class":181},[63,79457,74],{"class":73},[63,79459,14459],{"class":8785},[63,79461,386],{"class":270},[63,79463,3037],{"class":417},[63,79465,307],{"class":73},[63,79467,8249],{"class":24370},[63,79469,397],{"class":73},[20,79471,79472],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1193,79474,79476,79477,79479],{"id":79475},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79478,2602],{}," when sorting?",[20,79481,79482],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[49,79484,1517],{"id":1516},[30,79486,79487,79492,79498,79502],{},[33,79488,79489],{},[303,79490,79491],{"href":77994},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79493,79494],{},[303,79495,13,79496,5385],{"href":74139},[15,79497,74042],{},[33,79499,79500],{},[303,79501,66695],{"href":50595},[33,79503,79504],{},[303,79505,78744],{"href":78743},[1542,79507,79508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":79510},[79511,79512,79514,79515,79516,79517,79519,79521,79532,79542],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":77551,"depth":89,"text":79513},"What list.sort() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":77806,"depth":89,"text":77807},{"id":77998,"depth":89,"text":77999},{"id":78320,"depth":89,"text":79518},"Using the key argument",{"id":78585,"depth":89,"text":79520},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":79522},[79523,79525,79526,79528,79530,79531],{"id":78754,"depth":254,"text":79524},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78863,"depth":254,"text":78864},{"id":78915,"depth":254,"text":79527},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79069,"depth":254,"text":79529},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79156,"depth":254,"text":79157},{"id":60328,"depth":254,"text":60329},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":79533},[79534,79536,79538,79539,79540],{"id":79386,"depth":254,"text":79535},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79395,"depth":254,"text":79537},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79410,"depth":254,"text":79411},{"id":79439,"depth":254,"text":79440},{"id":79475,"depth":254,"text":79541},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77473,"description":79543},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79550,"title":79551,"body":79552,"description":82183,"extension":1580,"meta":82184,"navigation":579,"path":82185,"seo":82186,"stem":82187,"__hash__":82188},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79553,"toc":82142},[79554,79559,79564,79567,79578,79581,79601,79603,79665,79667,79708,79717,79722,79727,79733,79744,79746,79765,79768,79773,79778,79780,79785,79799,79801,79819,79822,79839,79842,79848,79871,79876,79878,79881,79942,79944,79977,79979,80018,80026,80036,80042,80047,80140,80142,80166,80168,80186,80189,80220,80226,80231,80234,80236,80361,80363,80387,80389,80408,80414,80420,80539,80541,80558,80565,80571,80576,80583,80589,80591,80648,80651,80672,80675,80678,80739,80741,80774,80778,80848,80850,80867,80871,80874,80949,80951,80988,80991,80994,81065,81067,81128,81133,81138,81141,81155,81157,81230,81232,81252,81255,81258,81315,81377,81380,81412,81415,81430,81435,81437,81443,81446,81502,81505,81507,81526,81530,81532,81576,81585,81587,81647,81651,81654,81656,81749,81751,81866,81870,81872,81946,81949,81952,81954,81959,82024,82026,82050,82060,82062,82068,82077,82086,82095,82101,82104,82108,82111,82113,82139],[10,79555,13,79557,18],{"id":79556},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79558,39343],{},[20,79560,3174,79561,79563],{},[15,79562,39343],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79565,79566],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,79568,79569,79572,79575],{},[33,79570,79571],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,79573,79574],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,79576,79577],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79579,79580],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,79582,79583,79590,79596],{},[33,79584,79585,13671,79587,79589],{},[15,79586,39343],{},[833,79588,973],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,79591,79592,79593],{},"it returns a ",[833,79594,79595],{},"map object",[33,79597,79598,79599],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79600,24401],{},[49,79602,52],{"id":51},[54,79604,79606],{"className":56,"code":79605,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79607,79608,79632,79651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79609,79610,79612,79614,79616,79618,79620,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79611,3211],{"class":382},[63,79613,386],{"class":270},[63,79615,3216],{"class":73},[63,79617,674],{"class":82},[63,79619,102],{"class":73},[63,79621,105],{"class":82},[63,79623,102],{"class":73},[63,79625,518],{"class":82},[63,79627,102],{"class":73},[63,79629,2061],{"class":82},[63,79631,3229],{"class":73},[63,79633,79634,79636,79638,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,79635,383],{"class":382},[63,79637,386],{"class":270},[63,79639,79640],{"class":69}," map",[63,79642,74],{"class":73},[63,79644,3037],{"class":417},[63,79646,102],{"class":73},[63,79648,3862],{"class":181},[63,79650,397],{"class":73},[63,79652,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,79654,70],{"class":69},[63,79656,74],{"class":73},[63,79658,7702],{"class":417},[63,79660,74],{"class":73},[63,79662,406],{"class":181},[63,79664,86],{"class":73},[20,79666,110],{},[54,79668,79670],{"className":56,"code":79669,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79671,79672],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79673,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79675,3497],{"class":73},[63,79677,456],{"class":448},[63,79679,674],{"class":452},[63,79681,456],{"class":448},[63,79683,102],{"class":73},[63,79685,449],{"class":448},[63,79687,274],{"class":452},[63,79689,456],{"class":448},[63,79691,102],{"class":73},[63,79693,449],{"class":448},[63,79695,715],{"class":452},[63,79697,456],{"class":448},[63,79699,102],{"class":73},[63,79701,449],{"class":448},[63,79703,952],{"class":452},[63,79705,456],{"class":448},[63,79707,3229],{"class":73},[20,79709,128,79710,79713,79714,79716],{},[15,79711,79712],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79715,24401],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[49,79718,138,79720,141],{"id":79719},"what-map-does",[15,79721,39343],{},[20,79723,79724,79726],{},[15,79725,39343],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79728,79729,79730,79732],{},"An ",[833,79731,3315],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,79734,79735,79737,79739,79741],{},[33,79736,37527],{},[33,79738,37530],{},[33,79740,37533],{},[33,79742,79743],{},"a range object",[20,79745,30346],{},[54,79747,79749],{"className":56,"code":79748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79750,79751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79752,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79754,39486],{"class":69},[63,79756,74],{"class":73},[63,79758,37486],{"class":181},[63,79760,102],{"class":73},[63,79762,37491],{"class":181},[63,79764,397],{"class":73},[20,79766,79767],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79769,79770,79771,33364],{},"Important: the result is a ",[833,79772,79595],{},[20,79774,79775,79776,307],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[303,79777,4738],{"href":4737},[49,79779,164],{"id":163},[20,79781,79782,79784],{},[15,79783,39343],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,79786,79787,79793],{},[33,79788,79789,79792],{},[833,79790,79791],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,79794,79795,79798],{},[833,79796,79797],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79800,3300],{},[54,79802,79803],{"className":56,"code":79748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,79804,79805],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79806,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815,79817],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79808,39486],{"class":69},[63,79810,74],{"class":73},[63,79812,37486],{"class":181},[63,79814,102],{"class":73},[63,79816,37491],{"class":181},[63,79818,397],{"class":73},[20,79820,79821],{},"You can pass:",[30,79823,79824,79833,79836],{},[33,79825,79826,79827,1801,79829,1805,79831],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79828,3037],{},[15,79830,453],{},[15,79832,1634],{},[33,79834,79835],{},"your own custom function",[33,79837,79838],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79840,79841],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79843,79844,79845,79847],{},"You will often see ",[15,79846,39343],{}," used like this:",[54,79849,79851],{"className":56,"code":79850,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79852,79853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79854,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79856,7702],{"class":417},[63,79858,74],{"class":73},[63,79860,39486],{"class":69},[63,79862,74],{"class":73},[63,79864,37486],{"class":181},[63,79866,102],{"class":73},[63,79868,3483],{"class":181},[63,79870,86],{"class":73},[20,79872,6281,79873,79875],{},[15,79874,24401],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[49,79877,11089],{"id":11088},[20,79879,79880],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[54,79882,79884],{"className":56,"code":79883,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79885,79886,79906,79924,79928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79887,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902,79904],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79889,3211],{"class":382},[63,79891,386],{"class":270},[63,79893,3216],{"class":73},[63,79895,1940],{"class":82},[63,79897,102],{"class":73},[63,79899,7397],{"class":82},[63,79901,102],{"class":73},[63,79903,7402],{"class":82},[63,79905,3229],{"class":73},[63,79907,79908,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,79909,383],{"class":382},[63,79911,386],{"class":270},[63,79913,79640],{"class":69},[63,79915,74],{"class":73},[63,79917,3037],{"class":417},[63,79919,102],{"class":73},[63,79921,3862],{"class":181},[63,79923,397],{"class":73},[63,79925,79926],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,79927,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,79929,79930,79932,79934,79936,79938,79940],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,79931,70],{"class":69},[63,79933,74],{"class":73},[63,79935,7702],{"class":417},[63,79937,74],{"class":73},[63,79939,406],{"class":181},[63,79941,86],{"class":73},[20,79943,110],{},[54,79945,79947],{"className":56,"code":79946,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79948,79949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79950,79951,79953,79955,79957,79959,79961,79963,79965,79967,79969,79971,79973,79975],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79952,3497],{"class":73},[63,79954,456],{"class":448},[63,79956,1940],{"class":452},[63,79958,456],{"class":448},[63,79960,102],{"class":73},[63,79962,449],{"class":448},[63,79964,15373],{"class":452},[63,79966,456],{"class":448},[63,79968,102],{"class":73},[63,79970,449],{"class":448},[63,79972,36466],{"class":452},[63,79974,456],{"class":448},[63,79976,3229],{"class":73},[20,79978,11298],{},[30,79980,79981,79986,79994,80002,80010],{},[33,79982,79983,79985],{},[15,79984,3243],{}," contains integers",[33,79987,79988,79991,79992],{},[15,79989,79990],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79993,47300],{},[33,79995,79996,41772,79999],{},[15,79997,79998],{},"str(10)",[15,80000,80001],{},"'10'",[33,80003,80004,41772,80007],{},[15,80005,80006],{},"str(20)",[15,80008,80009],{},"'20'",[33,80011,80012,41772,80015],{},[15,80013,80014],{},"str(30)",[15,80016,80017],{},"'30'",[20,80019,53270,80020,80022,80023,80025],{},[15,80021,39343],{}," applies ",[15,80024,47300],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80027,80028,80029,80031,80032,307],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80030,24401],{}," better, see ",[303,80033,13,80034,469],{"href":64467},[15,80035,24401],{},[49,80037,311,80039,80041],{"id":80038},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80040,39343],{}," with your own function",[20,80043,15333,80044,80046],{},[15,80045,39343],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[54,80048,80050],{"className":56,"code":80049,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80051,80052,80065,80075,80079,80103,80122,80126],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80053,80054,80056,80059,80061,80063],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80055,34473],{"class":444},[63,80057,80058],{"class":34476}," double",[63,80060,74],{"class":73},[63,80062,1786],{"class":37288},[63,80064,7951],{"class":73},[63,80066,80067,80069,80071,80073],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80068,34484],{"class":3473},[63,80070,3477],{"class":382},[63,80072,39499],{"class":270},[63,80074,45207],{"class":82},[63,80076,80077],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,80078,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80080,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,80082,3211],{"class":382},[63,80084,386],{"class":270},[63,80086,3216],{"class":73},[63,80088,674],{"class":82},[63,80090,102],{"class":73},[63,80092,105],{"class":82},[63,80094,102],{"class":73},[63,80096,518],{"class":82},[63,80098,102],{"class":73},[63,80100,2061],{"class":82},[63,80102,3229],{"class":73},[63,80104,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113,80116,80118,80120],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,80106,383],{"class":382},[63,80108,386],{"class":270},[63,80110,79640],{"class":69},[63,80112,74],{"class":73},[63,80114,80115],{"class":181},"double",[63,80117,102],{"class":73},[63,80119,3862],{"class":181},[63,80121,397],{"class":73},[63,80123,80124],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,80125,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80127,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136,80138],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,80129,70],{"class":69},[63,80131,74],{"class":73},[63,80133,7702],{"class":417},[63,80135,74],{"class":73},[63,80137,406],{"class":181},[63,80139,86],{"class":73},[20,80141,110],{},[54,80143,80144],{"className":56,"code":39512,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,80145,80146],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80147,80148,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160,80162,80164],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80149,3497],{"class":73},[63,80151,274],{"class":82},[63,80153,102],{"class":73},[63,80155,2061],{"class":82},[63,80157,102],{"class":73},[63,80159,37269],{"class":82},[63,80161,102],{"class":73},[63,80163,5962],{"class":82},[63,80165,3229],{"class":73},[20,80167,741],{},[30,80169,80170,80177,80183],{},[33,80171,80172,80174,80175],{},[15,80173,39343],{}," takes the function ",[15,80176,80115],{},[33,80178,80179,80180,80182],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80181,3243],{}," into that function",[33,80184,80185],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80187,80188],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80190,80191,80198,80205,80213],{},[33,80192,80193,5675,80196],{},[15,80194,80195],{},"double(1)",[15,80197,274],{},[33,80199,80200,5675,80203],{},[15,80201,80202],{},"double(2)",[15,80204,952],{},[33,80206,80207,5675,80210],{},[15,80208,80209],{},"double(3)",[15,80211,80212],{},"6",[33,80214,80215,5675,80218],{},[15,80216,80217],{},"double(4)",[15,80219,1955],{},[49,80221,311,80223,80225],{"id":80222},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80224,39343],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80227,80228,80230],{},[15,80229,39343],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80232,80233],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80235,1820],{},[54,80237,80239],{"className":56,"code":80238,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80240,80241,80258,80268,80272,80293,80314,80318,80343,80347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80242,80243,80245,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80244,34473],{"class":444},[63,80246,80247],{"class":34476}," add_numbers",[63,80249,74],{"class":73},[63,80251,303],{"class":37288},[63,80253,102],{"class":73},[63,80255,2162],{"class":37288},[63,80257,7951],{"class":73},[63,80259,80260,80262,80264,80266],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80261,34484],{"class":3473},[63,80263,44162],{"class":382},[63,80265,1675],{"class":270},[63,80267,35806],{"class":382},[63,80269,80270],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,80271,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80273,80274,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,80275,80276],{"class":382},"list1 ",[63,80278,386],{"class":270},[63,80280,3216],{"class":73},[63,80282,674],{"class":82},[63,80284,102],{"class":73},[63,80286,105],{"class":82},[63,80288,102],{"class":73},[63,80290,518],{"class":82},[63,80292,3229],{"class":73},[63,80294,80295,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310,80312],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,80296,80297],{"class":382},"list2 ",[63,80299,386],{"class":270},[63,80301,3216],{"class":73},[63,80303,1940],{"class":82},[63,80305,102],{"class":73},[63,80307,7397],{"class":82},[63,80309,102],{"class":73},[63,80311,7402],{"class":82},[63,80313,3229],{"class":73},[63,80315,80316],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,80317,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80319,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328,80331,80333,80336,80338,80341],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,80321,383],{"class":382},[63,80323,386],{"class":270},[63,80325,79640],{"class":69},[63,80327,74],{"class":73},[63,80329,80330],{"class":181},"add_numbers",[63,80332,102],{"class":73},[63,80334,80335],{"class":181}," list1",[63,80337,102],{"class":73},[63,80339,80340],{"class":181}," list2",[63,80342,397],{"class":73},[63,80344,80345],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,80346,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80348,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,80350,70],{"class":69},[63,80352,74],{"class":73},[63,80354,7702],{"class":417},[63,80356,74],{"class":73},[63,80358,406],{"class":181},[63,80360,86],{"class":73},[20,80362,110],{},[54,80364,80366],{"className":56,"code":80365,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80367,80368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80369,80370,80372,80375,80377,80380,80382,80385],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80371,3497],{"class":73},[63,80373,80374],{"class":82},"11",[63,80376,102],{"class":73},[63,80378,80379],{"class":82}," 22",[63,80381,102],{"class":73},[63,80383,80384],{"class":82}," 33",[63,80386,3229],{"class":73},[20,80388,1791],{},[30,80390,80391,80397,80403],{},[33,80392,80393,80394],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80395,80396],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80398,80399,80400],{},"then ",[15,80401,80402],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80404,80399,80405],{},[15,80406,80407],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1193,80409,80411,80413],{"id":80410},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80412,39343],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80415,80416,80417,80419],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80418,39343],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[54,80421,80423],{"className":56,"code":80422,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80424,80425,80441,80451,80455,80479,80495,80499,80521,80525],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80426,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80428,34473],{"class":444},[63,80430,80247],{"class":34476},[63,80432,74],{"class":73},[63,80434,303],{"class":37288},[63,80436,102],{"class":73},[63,80438,2162],{"class":37288},[63,80440,7951],{"class":73},[63,80442,80443,80445,80447,80449],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80444,34484],{"class":3473},[63,80446,44162],{"class":382},[63,80448,1675],{"class":270},[63,80450,35806],{"class":382},[63,80452,80453],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,80454,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80456,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,80458,80276],{"class":382},[63,80460,386],{"class":270},[63,80462,3216],{"class":73},[63,80464,674],{"class":82},[63,80466,102],{"class":73},[63,80468,105],{"class":82},[63,80470,102],{"class":73},[63,80472,518],{"class":82},[63,80474,102],{"class":73},[63,80476,2061],{"class":82},[63,80478,3229],{"class":73},[63,80480,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,80482,80297],{"class":382},[63,80484,386],{"class":270},[63,80486,3216],{"class":73},[63,80488,1940],{"class":82},[63,80490,102],{"class":73},[63,80492,7397],{"class":82},[63,80494,3229],{"class":73},[63,80496,80497],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,80498,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80500,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,80502,383],{"class":382},[63,80504,386],{"class":270},[63,80506,79640],{"class":69},[63,80508,74],{"class":73},[63,80510,80330],{"class":181},[63,80512,102],{"class":73},[63,80514,80335],{"class":181},[63,80516,102],{"class":73},[63,80518,80340],{"class":181},[63,80520,397],{"class":73},[63,80522,80523],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,80524,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80526,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535,80537],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,80528,70],{"class":69},[63,80530,74],{"class":73},[63,80532,7702],{"class":417},[63,80534,74],{"class":73},[63,80536,406],{"class":181},[63,80538,86],{"class":73},[20,80540,110],{},[54,80542,80544],{"className":56,"code":80543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80545,80546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80547,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80549,3497],{"class":73},[63,80551,80374],{"class":82},[63,80553,102],{"class":73},[63,80555,80379],{"class":82},[63,80557,3229],{"class":73},[20,80559,80560,80561,80564],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80562,80563],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[49,80566,80568,80570],{"id":80567},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80569,39343],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80572,37649,80573,80575],{},[15,80574,39343],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80577,80578,80579,80582],{},"This object is ",[833,80580,80581],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1193,80584,2092,80586,80588],{"id":80585},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80587,32649],{}," looks strange",[20,80590,33265],{},[54,80592,80594],{"className":56,"code":80593,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80595,80596,80616,80634,80638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80597,80598,80600,80602,80604,80606,80608,80610,80612,80614],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80599,3211],{"class":382},[63,80601,386],{"class":270},[63,80603,3216],{"class":73},[63,80605,674],{"class":82},[63,80607,102],{"class":73},[63,80609,105],{"class":82},[63,80611,102],{"class":73},[63,80613,518],{"class":82},[63,80615,3229],{"class":73},[63,80617,80618,80620,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80619,383],{"class":382},[63,80621,386],{"class":270},[63,80623,79640],{"class":69},[63,80625,74],{"class":73},[63,80627,3037],{"class":417},[63,80629,102],{"class":73},[63,80631,3862],{"class":181},[63,80633,397],{"class":73},[63,80635,80636],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,80637,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80639,80640,80642,80644,80646],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,80641,70],{"class":69},[63,80643,74],{"class":73},[63,80645,406],{"class":181},[63,80647,397],{"class":73},[20,80649,80650],{},"Output will look something like this:",[54,80652,80654],{"className":56,"code":80653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80655,80656],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80657,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668,80670],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80659,441],{"class":270},[63,80661,39486],{"class":69},[63,80663,24237],{"class":417},[63,80665,36989],{"class":382},[63,80667,36993],{"class":36992},[63,80669,36996],{"class":34076},[63,80671,459],{"class":270},[20,80673,80674],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80676,80677],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[54,80679,80681],{"className":56,"code":80680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80682,80683,80703,80721,80725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80684,80685,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80686,3211],{"class":382},[63,80688,386],{"class":270},[63,80690,3216],{"class":73},[63,80692,674],{"class":82},[63,80694,102],{"class":73},[63,80696,105],{"class":82},[63,80698,102],{"class":73},[63,80700,518],{"class":82},[63,80702,3229],{"class":73},[63,80704,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80706,383],{"class":382},[63,80708,386],{"class":270},[63,80710,79640],{"class":69},[63,80712,74],{"class":73},[63,80714,3037],{"class":417},[63,80716,102],{"class":73},[63,80718,3862],{"class":181},[63,80720,397],{"class":73},[63,80722,80723],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,80724,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80726,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,80728,70],{"class":69},[63,80730,74],{"class":73},[63,80732,7702],{"class":417},[63,80734,74],{"class":73},[63,80736,406],{"class":181},[63,80738,86],{"class":73},[20,80740,110],{},[54,80742,80744],{"className":56,"code":80743,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80745,80746],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80747,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80749,3497],{"class":73},[63,80751,456],{"class":448},[63,80753,674],{"class":452},[63,80755,456],{"class":448},[63,80757,102],{"class":73},[63,80759,449],{"class":448},[63,80761,274],{"class":452},[63,80763,456],{"class":448},[63,80765,102],{"class":73},[63,80767,449],{"class":448},[63,80769,715],{"class":452},[63,80771,456],{"class":448},[63,80773,3229],{"class":73},[1193,80775,80777],{"id":80776},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[54,80779,80781],{"className":56,"code":80780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80782,80783,80803,80821,80825,80838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80784,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797,80799,80801],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80786,3211],{"class":382},[63,80788,386],{"class":270},[63,80790,3216],{"class":73},[63,80792,674],{"class":82},[63,80794,102],{"class":73},[63,80796,105],{"class":82},[63,80798,102],{"class":73},[63,80800,518],{"class":82},[63,80802,3229],{"class":73},[63,80804,80805,80807,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817,80819],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80806,383],{"class":382},[63,80808,386],{"class":270},[63,80810,79640],{"class":69},[63,80812,74],{"class":73},[63,80814,3037],{"class":417},[63,80816,102],{"class":73},[63,80818,3862],{"class":181},[63,80820,397],{"class":73},[63,80822,80823],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,80824,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80826,80827,80829,80831,80833,80836],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,80828,5560],{"class":3473},[63,80830,5563],{"class":382},[63,80832,3480],{"class":3473},[63,80834,80835],{"class":382}," result",[63,80837,5996],{"class":73},[63,80839,80840,80842,80844,80846],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,80841,7677],{"class":69},[63,80843,74],{"class":73},[63,80845,22930],{"class":181},[63,80847,397],{"class":73},[20,80849,110],{},[54,80851,80853],{"className":56,"code":80852,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80854,80855,80859,80863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80856,80857],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80858,46534],{"class":82},[63,80860,80861],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80862,824],{"class":82},[63,80864,80865],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,80866,120],{"class":82},[1193,80868,80870],{"id":80869},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80872,80873],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[54,80875,80877],{"className":56,"code":80876,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80878,80879,80899,80917,80921,80935],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80880,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893,80895,80897],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80882,3211],{"class":382},[63,80884,386],{"class":270},[63,80886,3216],{"class":73},[63,80888,674],{"class":82},[63,80890,102],{"class":73},[63,80892,105],{"class":82},[63,80894,102],{"class":73},[63,80896,518],{"class":82},[63,80898,3229],{"class":73},[63,80900,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80902,383],{"class":382},[63,80904,386],{"class":270},[63,80906,79640],{"class":69},[63,80908,74],{"class":73},[63,80910,3037],{"class":417},[63,80912,102],{"class":73},[63,80914,3862],{"class":181},[63,80916,397],{"class":73},[63,80918,80919],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,80920,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,80922,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,80924,70],{"class":69},[63,80926,74],{"class":73},[63,80928,7702],{"class":417},[63,80930,74],{"class":73},[63,80932,406],{"class":181},[63,80934,86],{"class":73},[63,80936,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,80938,70],{"class":69},[63,80940,74],{"class":73},[63,80942,7702],{"class":417},[63,80944,74],{"class":73},[63,80946,406],{"class":181},[63,80948,86],{"class":73},[20,80950,110],{},[54,80952,80954],{"className":56,"code":80953,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80955,80956,80984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80957,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980,80982],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80959,3497],{"class":73},[63,80961,456],{"class":448},[63,80963,674],{"class":452},[63,80965,456],{"class":448},[63,80967,102],{"class":73},[63,80969,449],{"class":448},[63,80971,274],{"class":452},[63,80973,456],{"class":448},[63,80975,102],{"class":73},[63,80977,449],{"class":448},[63,80979,715],{"class":452},[63,80981,456],{"class":448},[63,80983,3229],{"class":73},[63,80985,80986],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,80987,37923],{"class":73},[20,80989,80990],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80992,80993],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[54,80995,80997],{"className":56,"code":80996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80998,80999,81019,81041,81045,81055],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81000,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015,81017],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81002,3211],{"class":382},[63,81004,386],{"class":270},[63,81006,3216],{"class":73},[63,81008,674],{"class":82},[63,81010,102],{"class":73},[63,81012,105],{"class":82},[63,81014,102],{"class":73},[63,81016,518],{"class":82},[63,81018,3229],{"class":73},[63,81020,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81022,383],{"class":382},[63,81024,386],{"class":270},[63,81026,22180],{"class":417},[63,81028,74],{"class":73},[63,81030,39486],{"class":69},[63,81032,74],{"class":73},[63,81034,3037],{"class":417},[63,81036,102],{"class":73},[63,81038,3862],{"class":181},[63,81040,86],{"class":73},[63,81042,81043],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81044,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81046,81047,81049,81051,81053],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,81048,70],{"class":69},[63,81050,74],{"class":73},[63,81052,406],{"class":181},[63,81054,397],{"class":73},[63,81056,81057,81059,81061,81063],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,81058,70],{"class":69},[63,81060,74],{"class":73},[63,81062,406],{"class":181},[63,81064,397],{"class":73},[20,81066,110],{},[54,81068,81070],{"className":56,"code":81069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81071,81072,81100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81073,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81075,3497],{"class":73},[63,81077,456],{"class":448},[63,81079,674],{"class":452},[63,81081,456],{"class":448},[63,81083,102],{"class":73},[63,81085,449],{"class":448},[63,81087,274],{"class":452},[63,81089,456],{"class":448},[63,81091,102],{"class":73},[63,81093,449],{"class":448},[63,81095,715],{"class":452},[63,81097,456],{"class":448},[63,81099,3229],{"class":73},[63,81101,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81103,3497],{"class":73},[63,81105,456],{"class":448},[63,81107,674],{"class":452},[63,81109,456],{"class":448},[63,81111,102],{"class":73},[63,81113,449],{"class":448},[63,81115,274],{"class":452},[63,81117,456],{"class":448},[63,81119,102],{"class":73},[63,81121,449],{"class":448},[63,81123,715],{"class":452},[63,81125,456],{"class":448},[63,81127,3229],{"class":73},[49,81129,1114,81131],{"id":81130},"when-to-use-map",[15,81132,39343],{},[20,81134,81135,81137],{},[15,81136,39343],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81139,81140],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81142,81143,81147,81151],{},[33,81144,81145],{},[15,81146,3037],{},[33,81148,81149],{},[15,81150,453],{},[33,81152,81153],{},[15,81154,1634],{},[20,81156,1820],{},[54,81158,81160],{"className":56,"code":81159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81161,81162,81194,81216,81220],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81163,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81165,3418],{"class":382},[63,81167,386],{"class":270},[63,81169,3216],{"class":73},[63,81171,456],{"class":448},[63,81173,674],{"class":452},[63,81175,456],{"class":448},[63,81177,102],{"class":73},[63,81179,449],{"class":448},[63,81181,274],{"class":452},[63,81183,456],{"class":448},[63,81185,102],{"class":73},[63,81187,449],{"class":448},[63,81189,715],{"class":452},[63,81191,456],{"class":448},[63,81193,3229],{"class":73},[63,81195,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81197,3211],{"class":382},[63,81199,386],{"class":270},[63,81201,22180],{"class":417},[63,81203,74],{"class":73},[63,81205,39486],{"class":69},[63,81207,74],{"class":73},[63,81209,453],{"class":417},[63,81211,102],{"class":73},[63,81213,3483],{"class":181},[63,81215,86],{"class":73},[63,81217,81218],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81219,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81221,81222,81224,81226,81228],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,81223,70],{"class":69},[63,81225,74],{"class":73},[63,81227,3243],{"class":181},[63,81229,397],{"class":73},[20,81231,110],{},[54,81233,81234],{"className":56,"code":54767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,81235,81236],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81237,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81239,3497],{"class":73},[63,81241,674],{"class":82},[63,81243,102],{"class":73},[63,81245,105],{"class":82},[63,81247,102],{"class":73},[63,81249,518],{"class":82},[63,81251,3229],{"class":73},[20,81253,81254],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81256,81257],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[54,81259,81261],{"className":56,"code":81260,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81262,81263,81283,81305],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81264,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81266,3211],{"class":382},[63,81268,386],{"class":270},[63,81270,3216],{"class":73},[63,81272,674],{"class":82},[63,81274,102],{"class":73},[63,81276,105],{"class":82},[63,81278,102],{"class":73},[63,81280,518],{"class":82},[63,81282,3229],{"class":73},[63,81284,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81286,383],{"class":382},[63,81288,386],{"class":270},[63,81290,22180],{"class":417},[63,81292,74],{"class":73},[63,81294,39486],{"class":69},[63,81296,74],{"class":73},[63,81298,3037],{"class":417},[63,81300,102],{"class":73},[63,81302,3862],{"class":181},[63,81304,86],{"class":73},[63,81306,81307,81309,81311,81313],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81308,70],{"class":69},[63,81310,74],{"class":73},[63,81312,406],{"class":181},[63,81314,397],{"class":73},[54,81316,81318],{"className":56,"code":81317,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81319,81320,81340,81367],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81321,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81323,3211],{"class":382},[63,81325,386],{"class":270},[63,81327,3216],{"class":73},[63,81329,674],{"class":82},[63,81331,102],{"class":73},[63,81333,105],{"class":82},[63,81335,102],{"class":73},[63,81337,518],{"class":82},[63,81339,3229],{"class":73},[63,81341,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81361,81363,81365],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81343,383],{"class":382},[63,81345,386],{"class":270},[63,81347,3216],{"class":73},[63,81349,3037],{"class":417},[63,81351,74],{"class":73},[63,81353,75648],{"class":181},[63,81355,3256],{"class":73},[63,81357,3474],{"class":3473},[63,81359,81360],{"class":382}," n ",[63,81362,3480],{"class":3473},[63,81364,3862],{"class":382},[63,81366,3229],{"class":73},[63,81368,81369,81371,81373,81375],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81370,70],{"class":69},[63,81372,74],{"class":73},[63,81374,406],{"class":181},[63,81376,397],{"class":73},[20,81378,81379],{},"Both produce:",[54,81381,81382],{"className":56,"code":80743,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,81383,81384],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81385,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81387,3497],{"class":73},[63,81389,456],{"class":448},[63,81391,674],{"class":452},[63,81393,456],{"class":448},[63,81395,102],{"class":73},[63,81397,449],{"class":448},[63,81399,274],{"class":452},[63,81401,456],{"class":448},[63,81403,102],{"class":73},[63,81405,449],{"class":448},[63,81407,715],{"class":452},[63,81409,456],{"class":448},[63,81411,3229],{"class":73},[20,81413,81414],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81416,81417,81422,81427],{},[33,81418,39617,81419,81421],{},[15,81420,39343],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81423,39623,81424,81426],{},[15,81425,5560],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81428,81429],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81431,81432,81433,307],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[303,81434,3992],{"href":3991},[49,81436,4119],{"id":4118},[1193,81438,81440,81441],{"id":81439},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81442,24401],{},[20,81444,81445],{},"This is very common:",[54,81447,81448],{"className":56,"code":80593,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,81449,81450,81470,81488,81492],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81451,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81453,3211],{"class":382},[63,81455,386],{"class":270},[63,81457,3216],{"class":73},[63,81459,674],{"class":82},[63,81461,102],{"class":73},[63,81463,105],{"class":82},[63,81465,102],{"class":73},[63,81467,518],{"class":82},[63,81469,3229],{"class":73},[63,81471,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81473,383],{"class":382},[63,81475,386],{"class":270},[63,81477,79640],{"class":69},[63,81479,74],{"class":73},[63,81481,3037],{"class":417},[63,81483,102],{"class":73},[63,81485,3862],{"class":181},[63,81487,397],{"class":73},[63,81489,81490],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81491,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81493,81494,81496,81498,81500],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,81495,70],{"class":69},[63,81497,74],{"class":73},[63,81499,406],{"class":181},[63,81501,397],{"class":73},[20,81503,81504],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81506,38888],{},[54,81508,81510],{"className":56,"code":81509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81511,81512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81513,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522,81524],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81515,70],{"class":69},[63,81517,74],{"class":73},[63,81519,7702],{"class":417},[63,81521,74],{"class":73},[63,81523,406],{"class":181},[63,81525,86],{"class":73},[1193,81527,81529],{"id":81528},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81531,16262],{},[54,81533,81535],{"className":56,"code":81534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81536,81537,81557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81538,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81540,3211],{"class":382},[63,81542,386],{"class":270},[63,81544,3216],{"class":73},[63,81546,674],{"class":82},[63,81548,102],{"class":73},[63,81550,105],{"class":82},[63,81552,102],{"class":73},[63,81554,518],{"class":82},[63,81556,3229],{"class":73},[63,81558,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81572,81574],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81560,383],{"class":382},[63,81562,386],{"class":270},[63,81564,79640],{"class":69},[63,81566,74],{"class":73},[63,81568,3037],{"class":417},[63,81570,81571],{"class":73},"(),",[63,81573,3862],{"class":181},[63,81575,397],{"class":73},[20,81577,81578,81579,81581,81582,81584],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81580,47300],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81583,39343],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81586,16274],{},[54,81588,81589],{"className":56,"code":80680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,81590,81591,81611,81629,81633],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81592,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81594,3211],{"class":382},[63,81596,386],{"class":270},[63,81598,3216],{"class":73},[63,81600,674],{"class":82},[63,81602,102],{"class":73},[63,81604,105],{"class":82},[63,81606,102],{"class":73},[63,81608,518],{"class":82},[63,81610,3229],{"class":73},[63,81612,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81614,383],{"class":382},[63,81616,386],{"class":270},[63,81618,79640],{"class":69},[63,81620,74],{"class":73},[63,81622,3037],{"class":417},[63,81624,102],{"class":73},[63,81626,3862],{"class":181},[63,81628,397],{"class":73},[63,81630,81631],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81632,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81634,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,81636,70],{"class":69},[63,81638,74],{"class":73},[63,81640,7702],{"class":417},[63,81642,74],{"class":73},[63,81644,406],{"class":181},[63,81646,86],{"class":73},[1193,81648,81650],{"id":81649},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81652,81653],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81655,16262],{},[54,81657,81659],{"className":56,"code":81658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81660,81661,81678,81688,81692,81712,81731,81735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81662,81663,81665,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81664,34473],{"class":444},[63,81666,81667],{"class":34476}," add",[63,81669,74],{"class":73},[63,81671,303],{"class":37288},[63,81673,102],{"class":73},[63,81675,2162],{"class":37288},[63,81677,7951],{"class":73},[63,81679,81680,81682,81684,81686],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81681,34484],{"class":3473},[63,81683,44162],{"class":382},[63,81685,1675],{"class":270},[63,81687,35806],{"class":382},[63,81689,81690],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81691,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81693,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,81695,3211],{"class":382},[63,81697,386],{"class":270},[63,81699,3216],{"class":73},[63,81701,674],{"class":82},[63,81703,102],{"class":73},[63,81705,105],{"class":82},[63,81707,102],{"class":73},[63,81709,518],{"class":82},[63,81711,3229],{"class":73},[63,81713,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81725,81727,81729],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,81715,383],{"class":382},[63,81717,386],{"class":270},[63,81719,79640],{"class":69},[63,81721,74],{"class":73},[63,81723,81724],{"class":181},"add",[63,81726,102],{"class":73},[63,81728,3862],{"class":181},[63,81730,397],{"class":73},[63,81732,81733],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,81734,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81736,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,81738,70],{"class":69},[63,81740,74],{"class":73},[63,81742,7702],{"class":417},[63,81744,74],{"class":73},[63,81746,406],{"class":181},[63,81748,86],{"class":73},[20,81750,16274],{},[54,81752,81754],{"className":56,"code":81753,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81755,81756,81772,81782,81786,81806,81826,81848,81852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81757,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81759,34473],{"class":444},[63,81761,81667],{"class":34476},[63,81763,74],{"class":73},[63,81765,303],{"class":37288},[63,81767,102],{"class":73},[63,81769,2162],{"class":37288},[63,81771,7951],{"class":73},[63,81773,81774,81776,81778,81780],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81775,34484],{"class":3473},[63,81777,44162],{"class":382},[63,81779,1675],{"class":270},[63,81781,35806],{"class":382},[63,81783,81784],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81785,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81787,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800,81802,81804],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,81789,80276],{"class":382},[63,81791,386],{"class":270},[63,81793,3216],{"class":73},[63,81795,674],{"class":82},[63,81797,102],{"class":73},[63,81799,105],{"class":82},[63,81801,102],{"class":73},[63,81803,518],{"class":82},[63,81805,3229],{"class":73},[63,81807,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,81809,80297],{"class":382},[63,81811,386],{"class":270},[63,81813,3216],{"class":73},[63,81815,1940],{"class":82},[63,81817,102],{"class":73},[63,81819,7397],{"class":82},[63,81821,102],{"class":73},[63,81823,7402],{"class":82},[63,81825,3229],{"class":73},[63,81827,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,81829,383],{"class":382},[63,81831,386],{"class":270},[63,81833,79640],{"class":69},[63,81835,74],{"class":73},[63,81837,81724],{"class":181},[63,81839,102],{"class":73},[63,81841,80335],{"class":181},[63,81843,102],{"class":73},[63,81845,80340],{"class":181},[63,81847,397],{"class":73},[63,81849,81850],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,81851,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81853,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,81855,70],{"class":69},[63,81857,74],{"class":73},[63,81859,7702],{"class":417},[63,81861,74],{"class":73},[63,81863,406],{"class":181},[63,81865,86],{"class":73},[1193,81867,81869],{"id":81868},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81871,16262],{},[54,81873,81874],{"className":56,"code":80876,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,81875,81876,81896,81914,81918,81932],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81877,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81879,3211],{"class":382},[63,81881,386],{"class":270},[63,81883,3216],{"class":73},[63,81885,674],{"class":82},[63,81887,102],{"class":73},[63,81889,105],{"class":82},[63,81891,102],{"class":73},[63,81893,518],{"class":82},[63,81895,3229],{"class":73},[63,81897,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81899,383],{"class":382},[63,81901,386],{"class":270},[63,81903,79640],{"class":69},[63,81905,74],{"class":73},[63,81907,3037],{"class":417},[63,81909,102],{"class":73},[63,81911,3862],{"class":181},[63,81913,397],{"class":73},[63,81915,81916],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81917,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,81919,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,81921,70],{"class":69},[63,81923,74],{"class":73},[63,81925,7702],{"class":417},[63,81927,74],{"class":73},[63,81929,406],{"class":181},[63,81931,86],{"class":73},[63,81933,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,81935,70],{"class":69},[63,81937,74],{"class":73},[63,81939,7702],{"class":417},[63,81941,74],{"class":73},[63,81943,406],{"class":181},[63,81945,86],{"class":73},[20,81947,81948],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81950,81951],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[49,81953,67513],{"id":67512},[20,81955,8485,81956,81958],{},[15,81957,39343],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,81960,81962],{"className":56,"code":81961,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81963,81964,81974,81988,82002,82014],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81965,81966,81968,81970,81972],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81967,70],{"class":69},[63,81969,74],{"class":73},[63,81971,406],{"class":181},[63,81973,397],{"class":73},[63,81975,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,81977,70],{"class":69},[63,81979,74],{"class":73},[63,81981,7702],{"class":417},[63,81983,74],{"class":73},[63,81985,406],{"class":181},[63,81987,86],{"class":73},[63,81989,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998,82000],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,81991,70],{"class":69},[63,81993,74],{"class":73},[63,81995,418],{"class":417},[63,81997,74],{"class":73},[63,81999,406],{"class":181},[63,82001,86],{"class":73},[63,82003,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,82005,5560],{"class":3473},[63,82007,5563],{"class":382},[63,82009,3480],{"class":3473},[63,82011,80835],{"class":382},[63,82013,5996],{"class":73},[63,82015,82016,82018,82020,82022],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,82017,7677],{"class":69},[63,82019,74],{"class":73},[63,82021,22930],{"class":181},[63,82023,397],{"class":73},[20,82025,12288],{},[30,82027,82028,82033,82038,82044],{},[33,82029,82030,82032],{},[15,82031,32649],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82034,82035,82037],{},[15,82036,32657],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82039,82040,82043],{},[15,82041,82042],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82045,82046,82047,82049],{},"looping over ",[15,82048,406],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82051,82052,82053,82056,82057,82059],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82054,82055],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82058,5560],{}," loop consume the map object.",[49,82061,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,82063,1459,82065,82067],{"id":82064},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82066,39343],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82069,82070,82071,82073,82074,23558],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82072,39343],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82075,82076],{},"list(map(...))",[1193,82078,14521,82080,82082,82083,82085],{"id":82079},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82081,39343],{}," better than a ",[15,82084,5560],{}," loop?",[20,82087,82088,82089,82091,82092,82094],{},"Not always. ",[15,82090,39343],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82093,5560],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1193,82096,1482,82098,82100],{"id":82097},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82099,39343],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82102,82103],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1193,82105,82107],{"id":82106},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82109,82110],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[49,82112,1517],{"id":1516},[30,82114,82115,82121,82127,82131,82135],{},[33,82116,82117],{},[303,82118,13,82119,469],{"href":39712},[15,82120,37201],{},[33,82122,82123],{},[303,82124,13,82125,469],{"href":64467},[15,82126,24401],{},[33,82128,82129],{},[303,82130,4823],{"href":4733},[33,82132,82133],{},[303,82134,4828],{"href":3991},[33,82136,82137],{},[303,82138,4818],{"href":4737},[1542,82140,82141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":82143},[82144,82145,82147,82148,82149,82151,82156,82163,82165,82172,82173,82182],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":79719,"depth":89,"text":82146},"What map() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":80038,"depth":89,"text":82150},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80222,"depth":89,"text":82152,"children":82153},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82154],{"id":80410,"depth":254,"text":82155},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80567,"depth":89,"text":82157,"children":82158},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82159,82161,82162],{"id":80585,"depth":254,"text":82160},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80776,"depth":254,"text":80777},{"id":80869,"depth":254,"text":80870},{"id":81130,"depth":89,"text":82164},"When to use map()",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":82166},[82167,82169,82170,82171],{"id":81439,"depth":254,"text":82168},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81528,"depth":254,"text":81529},{"id":81649,"depth":254,"text":81650},{"id":81868,"depth":254,"text":81869},{"id":67512,"depth":89,"text":67513},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":82174},[82175,82177,82179,82181],{"id":82064,"depth":254,"text":82176},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82079,"depth":254,"text":82178},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82097,"depth":254,"text":82180},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82106,"depth":254,"text":82107},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79551,"description":82183},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82190,"title":82191,"body":82192,"description":84212,"extension":1580,"meta":84213,"navigation":579,"path":84214,"seo":84215,"stem":84216,"__hash__":84217},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82193,"toc":84170},[82194,82200,82205,82208,82216,82219,82221,82345,82347,82365,82367,82387,82392,82396,82410,82413,82416,82418,82423,82535,82538,82556,82562,82565,82627,82629,82638,82641,82655,82657,82705,82707,82716,82726,82732,82735,82762,82764,82772,82775,82778,82848,82850,82858,82861,82866,82871,82922,82924,82932,82935,82937,82954,82956,83008,83011,83017,83021,83026,83029,83033,83092,83094,83103,83109,83118,83122,83185,83187,83195,83200,83204,83209,83289,83291,83300,83307,83312,83317,83320,83355,83357,83365,83368,83374,83376,83426,83428,83437,83440,83458,83460,83465,83471,83478,83505,83507,83530,83535,83570,83575,83581,83586,83629,83632,83635,83674,83681,83687,83692,83707,83711,83718,83721,83725,83730,83734,83739,83741,83802,83804,83833,83838,83845,83854,83856,83859,83884,83886,83989,83992,84010,84019,84021,84026,84029,84035,84038,84040,84050,84056,84060,84118,84125,84133,84135,84167],[10,82195,13,82197,18],{"id":82196},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82198,82199],{},"max()",[20,82201,22,82202,82204],{},[15,82203,82199],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82206,82207],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82209,82210,82213],{},[33,82211,82212],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82214,82215],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82217,82218],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[49,82220,52],{"id":51},[54,82222,82224],{"className":56,"code":82223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82225,82226,82250,82265,82269,82295,82299,82331],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82227,82228,82230,82232,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244,82246,82248],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82229,3211],{"class":382},[63,82231,386],{"class":270},[63,82233,3216],{"class":73},[63,82235,715],{"class":82},[63,82237,102],{"class":73},[63,82239,5962],{"class":82},[63,82241,102],{"class":73},[63,82243,105],{"class":82},[63,82245,102],{"class":73},[63,82247,4206],{"class":82},[63,82249,3229],{"class":73},[63,82251,82252,82254,82256,82259,82261,82263],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,82253,70],{"class":69},[63,82255,74],{"class":73},[63,82257,82258],{"class":69},"max",[63,82260,74],{"class":73},[63,82262,3243],{"class":181},[63,82264,86],{"class":73},[63,82266,82267],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,82268,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,82270,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,82272,70],{"class":69},[63,82274,74],{"class":73},[63,82276,82258],{"class":69},[63,82278,74],{"class":73},[63,82280,715],{"class":82},[63,82282,102],{"class":73},[63,82284,5962],{"class":82},[63,82286,102],{"class":73},[63,82288,105],{"class":82},[63,82290,102],{"class":73},[63,82292,4206],{"class":82},[63,82294,86],{"class":73},[63,82296,82297],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,82298,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,82300,82301,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,82302,3668],{"class":382},[63,82304,386],{"class":270},[63,82306,3216],{"class":73},[63,82308,2455],{"class":448},[63,82310,3677],{"class":452},[63,82312,2455],{"class":448},[63,82314,102],{"class":73},[63,82316,1375],{"class":448},[63,82318,3686],{"class":452},[63,82320,2455],{"class":448},[63,82322,102],{"class":73},[63,82324,1375],{"class":448},[63,82326,78362],{"class":452},[63,82328,2455],{"class":448},[63,82330,3229],{"class":73},[63,82332,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,82334,70],{"class":69},[63,82336,74],{"class":73},[63,82338,82258],{"class":69},[63,82340,74],{"class":73},[63,82342,3712],{"class":181},[63,82344,86],{"class":73},[20,82346,110],{},[54,82348,82350],{"className":56,"code":82349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82351,82352,82356,82360],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82353,82354],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82355,288],{"class":82},[63,82357,82358],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,82359,288],{"class":82},[63,82361,82362],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,82363,82364],{"class":382},"pear\n",[20,82366,19577],{},[30,82368,82369,82375,82381],{},[33,82370,82371,82374],{},[15,82372,82373],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82376,82377,82380],{},[15,82378,82379],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82382,82383,82386],{},[15,82384,82385],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[49,82388,138,82390,141],{"id":82389},"what-max-does",[15,82391,82199],{},[20,82393,82394,2482],{},[15,82395,82199],{},[30,82397,82398,82401,82404,82407],{},[33,82399,82400],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82402,82403],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82405,82406],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82408,82409],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82411,82412],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82414,82415],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[49,82417,164],{"id":163},[20,82419,82420,82421,2482],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82422,82199],{},[54,82424,82426],{"className":56,"code":82425,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82427,82428,82438,82462,82484,82507],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82429,82430,82432,82434,82436],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82431,82258],{"class":69},[63,82433,74],{"class":73},[63,82435,3315],{"class":181},[63,82437,397],{"class":73},[63,82439,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82451,82453,82455,82457,82460],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,82441,82258],{"class":69},[63,82443,74],{"class":73},[63,82445,3315],{"class":181},[63,82447,102],{"class":73},[63,82449,82450],{"class":270}," *",[63,82452,102],{"class":73},[63,82454,21199],{"class":8785},[63,82456,386],{"class":270},[63,82458,82459],{"class":181},"func",[63,82461,397],{"class":73},[63,82463,82464,82466,82468,82470,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,82465,82258],{"class":69},[63,82467,74],{"class":73},[63,82469,3315],{"class":181},[63,82471,102],{"class":73},[63,82473,82450],{"class":270},[63,82475,102],{"class":73},[63,82477,26143],{"class":8785},[63,82479,386],{"class":270},[63,82481,1002],{"class":181},[63,82483,397],{"class":73},[63,82485,82486,82488,82490,82493,82495,82498,82500,82502,82505],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,82487,82258],{"class":69},[63,82489,74],{"class":73},[63,82491,82492],{"class":181},"arg1",[63,82494,102],{"class":73},[63,82496,82497],{"class":181}," arg2",[63,82499,102],{"class":73},[63,82501,82450],{"class":270},[63,82503,82504],{"class":181},"args",[63,82506,397],{"class":73},[63,82508,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,82510,82258],{"class":69},[63,82512,74],{"class":73},[63,82514,82492],{"class":181},[63,82516,102],{"class":73},[63,82518,82497],{"class":181},[63,82520,102],{"class":73},[63,82522,82450],{"class":270},[63,82524,82504],{"class":181},[63,82526,102],{"class":73},[63,82528,21199],{"class":8785},[63,82530,386],{"class":270},[63,82532,82459],{"class":181},[63,82534,397],{"class":73},[20,82536,82537],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,82539,82540,82545,82550],{},[33,82541,82542,82544],{},[15,82543,3315],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,82546,82547,82549],{},[15,82548,14459],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,82551,82552,82555],{},[15,82553,82554],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[49,82557,311,82559,82561],{"id":82558},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82560,82199],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82563,82564],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[54,82566,82568],{"className":56,"code":82567,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82569,82570,82596,82612,82616],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82571,82572,82574,82576,82578,82581,82583,82585,82587,82589,82591,82594],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82573,4665],{"class":382},[63,82575,386],{"class":270},[63,82577,3216],{"class":73},[63,82579,82580],{"class":82},"72",[63,82582,102],{"class":73},[63,82584,51126],{"class":82},[63,82586,102],{"class":73},[63,82588,13124],{"class":82},[63,82590,102],{"class":73},[63,82592,82593],{"class":82}," 66",[63,82595,3229],{"class":73},[63,82597,82598,82601,82603,82606,82608,82610],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,82599,82600],{"class":382},"highest_score ",[63,82602,386],{"class":270},[63,82604,82605],{"class":69}," max",[63,82607,74],{"class":73},[63,82609,16008],{"class":181},[63,82611,397],{"class":73},[63,82613,82614],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,82615,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,82617,82618,82620,82622,82625],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,82619,70],{"class":69},[63,82621,74],{"class":73},[63,82623,82624],{"class":181},"highest_score",[63,82626,397],{"class":73},[20,82628,110],{},[54,82630,82632],{"className":56,"code":82631,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"91\n",[15,82633,82634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82635,82636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82637,82631],{"class":82},[20,82639,82640],{},"This works well for:",[30,82642,82643,82646,82649,82652],{},[33,82644,82645],{},"Scores",[33,82647,82648],{},"Prices",[33,82650,82651],{},"Ages",[33,82653,82654],{},"Counts",[20,82656,51696],{},[54,82658,82660],{"className":56,"code":82659,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82661,82662,82690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82663,82664,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675,82678,82680,82683,82685,82688],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82665,82666],{"class":382},"prices ",[63,82668,386],{"class":270},[63,82670,3216],{"class":73},[63,82672,40020],{"class":82},[63,82674,102],{"class":73},[63,82676,82677],{"class":82}," 5.50",[63,82679,102],{"class":73},[63,82681,82682],{"class":82}," 12.75",[63,82684,102],{"class":73},[63,82686,82687],{"class":82}," 29.00",[63,82689,3229],{"class":73},[63,82691,82692,82694,82696,82698,82700,82703],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,82693,70],{"class":69},[63,82695,74],{"class":73},[63,82697,82258],{"class":69},[63,82699,74],{"class":73},[63,82701,82702],{"class":181},"prices",[63,82704,86],{"class":73},[20,82706,110],{},[54,82708,82710],{"className":56,"code":82709,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"29.0\n",[15,82711,82712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82713,82714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82715,82709],{"class":82},[20,82717,82718,82719,82721,82722,307],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82720,82199],{}," is simpler than ",[303,82723,82724],{"href":74139},[15,82725,74042],{},[49,82727,311,82729,82731],{"id":82728},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82730,82199],{}," with separate values",[20,82733,82734],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[54,82736,82738],{"className":56,"code":82737,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82739,82740],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82741,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758,82760],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82743,70],{"class":69},[63,82745,74],{"class":73},[63,82747,82258],{"class":69},[63,82749,74],{"class":73},[63,82751,952],{"class":82},[63,82753,102],{"class":73},[63,82755,30564],{"class":82},[63,82757,102],{"class":73},[63,82759,5596],{"class":82},[63,82761,86],{"class":73},[20,82763,110],{},[54,82765,82766],{"className":56,"code":1836,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,82767,82768],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82769,82770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82771,1836],{"class":82},[20,82773,82774],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82776,82777],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[54,82779,82781],{"className":56,"code":82780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82782,82783,82792,82800,82810,82814,82837],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82784,82785,82787,82789],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82786,2157],{"class":382},[63,82788,386],{"class":270},[63,82790,82791],{"class":82}," 15\n",[63,82793,82794,82796,82798],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,82795,2185],{"class":382},[63,82797,386],{"class":270},[63,82799,2370],{"class":82},[63,82801,82802,82805,82807],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,82803,82804],{"class":382},"c ",[63,82806,386],{"class":270},[63,82808,82809],{"class":82}," 27\n",[63,82811,82812],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,82813,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,82815,82816,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,82817,82818],{"class":382},"largest ",[63,82820,386],{"class":270},[63,82822,82605],{"class":69},[63,82824,74],{"class":73},[63,82826,303],{"class":181},[63,82828,102],{"class":73},[63,82830,2162],{"class":181},[63,82832,102],{"class":73},[63,82834,9292],{"class":181},[63,82836,397],{"class":73},[63,82838,82839,82841,82843,82846],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,82840,70],{"class":69},[63,82842,74],{"class":73},[63,82844,82845],{"class":181},"largest",[63,82847,397],{"class":73},[20,82849,110],{},[54,82851,82852],{"className":56,"code":46230,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,82853,82854],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82855,82856],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82857,46230],{"class":82},[20,82859,82860],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[49,82862,311,82864,46676],{"id":82863},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82865,82199],{},[20,82867,82868,82870],{},[15,82869,82199],{}," can compare strings too.",[54,82872,82874],{"className":56,"code":82873,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82875,82876,82908],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82877,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82879,3668],{"class":382},[63,82881,386],{"class":270},[63,82883,3216],{"class":73},[63,82885,2455],{"class":448},[63,82887,3677],{"class":452},[63,82889,2455],{"class":448},[63,82891,102],{"class":73},[63,82893,1375],{"class":448},[63,82895,3686],{"class":452},[63,82897,2455],{"class":448},[63,82899,102],{"class":73},[63,82901,1375],{"class":448},[63,82903,78362],{"class":452},[63,82905,2455],{"class":448},[63,82907,3229],{"class":73},[63,82909,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,82911,70],{"class":69},[63,82913,74],{"class":73},[63,82915,82258],{"class":69},[63,82917,74],{"class":73},[63,82919,3712],{"class":181},[63,82921,86],{"class":73},[20,82923,110],{},[54,82925,82926],{"className":56,"code":82364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,82927,82928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82929,82930],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82931,82364],{"class":382},[20,82933,82934],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82936,67901],{},[30,82938,82939,82948,82951],{},[33,82940,82941,82944,82945,82947],{},[15,82942,82943],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82946,64894],{}," alphabetically",[33,82949,82950],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,82952,82953],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82955,1820],{},[54,82957,82959],{"className":56,"code":82958,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82960,82961,82994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82962,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977,82979,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82964,3668],{"class":382},[63,82966,386],{"class":270},[63,82968,3216],{"class":73},[63,82970,2455],{"class":448},[63,82972,3677],{"class":452},[63,82974,2455],{"class":448},[63,82976,102],{"class":73},[63,82978,1375],{"class":448},[63,82980,82981],{"class":452},"Banana",[63,82983,2455],{"class":448},[63,82985,102],{"class":73},[63,82987,1375],{"class":448},[63,82989,78362],{"class":452},[63,82991,2455],{"class":448},[63,82993,3229],{"class":73},[63,82995,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004,83006],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,82997,70],{"class":69},[63,82999,74],{"class":73},[63,83001,82258],{"class":69},[63,83003,74],{"class":73},[63,83005,3712],{"class":181},[63,83007,86],{"class":73},[20,83009,83010],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83012,83013,83014,83016],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83015,14459],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[49,83018,36237,83019,36240],{"id":78320},[15,83020,14459],{},[20,83022,1597,83023,83025],{},[15,83024,14459],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83027,83028],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1193,83030,83032],{"id":83031},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[54,83034,83036],{"className":56,"code":83035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83037,83038,83070],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83039,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83041,3668],{"class":382},[63,83043,386],{"class":270},[63,83045,3216],{"class":73},[63,83047,2455],{"class":448},[63,83049,36672],{"class":452},[63,83051,2455],{"class":448},[63,83053,102],{"class":73},[63,83055,1375],{"class":448},[63,83057,67944],{"class":452},[63,83059,2455],{"class":448},[63,83061,102],{"class":73},[63,83063,1375],{"class":448},[63,83065,57745],{"class":452},[63,83067,2455],{"class":448},[63,83069,3229],{"class":73},[63,83071,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83073,70],{"class":69},[63,83075,74],{"class":73},[63,83077,82258],{"class":69},[63,83079,74],{"class":73},[63,83081,3712],{"class":181},[63,83083,102],{"class":73},[63,83085,21199],{"class":8785},[63,83087,386],{"class":270},[63,83089,10774],{"class":69},[63,83091,86],{"class":73},[20,83093,110],{},[54,83095,83097],{"className":56,"code":83096,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"elephant\n",[15,83098,83099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83100,83101],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83102,83096],{"class":382},[20,83104,20390,83105,83108],{},[15,83106,83107],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83110,83111,83112,33251,83114,307],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83113,41977],{},[303,83115,83116,5385],{"href":41974},[15,83117,41977],{},[1193,83119,83121],{"id":83120},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[54,83123,83125],{"className":56,"code":83124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83126,83127,83159],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83128,83129,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83130,3668],{"class":382},[63,83132,386],{"class":270},[63,83134,3216],{"class":73},[63,83136,2455],{"class":448},[63,83138,3677],{"class":452},[63,83140,2455],{"class":448},[63,83142,102],{"class":73},[63,83144,1375],{"class":448},[63,83146,82981],{"class":452},[63,83148,2455],{"class":448},[63,83150,102],{"class":73},[63,83152,1375],{"class":448},[63,83154,78362],{"class":452},[63,83156,2455],{"class":448},[63,83158,3229],{"class":73},[63,83160,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83162,70],{"class":69},[63,83164,74],{"class":73},[63,83166,82258],{"class":69},[63,83168,74],{"class":73},[63,83170,3712],{"class":181},[63,83172,102],{"class":73},[63,83174,21199],{"class":8785},[63,83176,386],{"class":270},[63,83178,3037],{"class":417},[63,83180,307],{"class":73},[63,83182,8249],{"class":24370},[63,83184,86],{"class":73},[20,83186,110],{},[54,83188,83189],{"className":56,"code":82364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,83190,83191],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83192,83193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83194,82364],{"class":382},[20,83196,20390,83197,83199],{},[15,83198,78316],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1193,83201,83203],{"id":83202},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83205,83206,83207,2482],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83208,37285],{},[54,83210,83212],{"className":56,"code":83211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83213,83214,83257],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83215,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230,83232,83235,83237,83239,83241,83244,83246,83248,83250,83253,83255],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83217,7386],{"class":382},[63,83219,386],{"class":270},[63,83221,3216],{"class":73},[63,83223,2455],{"class":448},[63,83225,303],{"class":452},[63,83227,2455],{"class":448},[63,83229,102],{"class":73},[63,83231,1375],{"class":448},[63,83233,83234],{"class":452},"bb",[63,83236,2455],{"class":448},[63,83238,102],{"class":73},[63,83240,1375],{"class":448},[63,83242,83243],{"class":452},"cccc",[63,83245,2455],{"class":448},[63,83247,102],{"class":73},[63,83249,1375],{"class":448},[63,83251,83252],{"class":452},"ddd",[63,83254,2455],{"class":448},[63,83256,3229],{"class":73},[63,83258,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83260,70],{"class":69},[63,83262,74],{"class":73},[63,83264,82258],{"class":69},[63,83266,74],{"class":73},[63,83268,7417],{"class":181},[63,83270,102],{"class":73},[63,83272,21199],{"class":8785},[63,83274,386],{"class":270},[63,83276,37285],{"class":444},[63,83278,42458],{"class":37288},[63,83280,2482],{"class":73},[63,83282,38012],{"class":69},[63,83284,74],{"class":73},[63,83286,1396],{"class":181},[63,83288,2510],{"class":73},[20,83290,110],{},[54,83292,83294],{"className":56,"code":83293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cccc\n",[15,83295,83296],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83297,83298],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83299,83293],{"class":382},[20,83301,49165,83302,3993,83304,83306],{},[15,83303,83107],{},[15,83305,78203],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[49,83308,36237,83310,36240],{"id":83309},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83311,82554],{},[20,83313,1597,83314,83316],{},[15,83315,82554],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83318,83319],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[54,83321,83323],{"className":56,"code":83322,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83324,83325,83333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83326,83327,83329,83331],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83328,3211],{"class":382},[63,83330,386],{"class":270},[63,83332,7446],{"class":73},[63,83334,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83336,70],{"class":69},[63,83338,74],{"class":73},[63,83340,82258],{"class":69},[63,83342,74],{"class":73},[63,83344,3243],{"class":181},[63,83346,102],{"class":73},[63,83348,26143],{"class":8785},[63,83350,386],{"class":270},[63,83352,1734],{"class":82},[63,83354,86],{"class":73},[20,83356,110],{},[54,83358,83359],{"className":56,"code":46869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,83360,83361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83362,83363],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83364,46869],{"class":82},[20,83366,83367],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83369,83370,83371,83373],{},"Without ",[15,83372,82554],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83375,51696],{},[54,83377,83379],{"className":56,"code":83378,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83380,83381,83389,83416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83382,83383,83385,83387],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83384,3668],{"class":382},[63,83386,386],{"class":270},[63,83388,7446],{"class":73},[63,83390,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83412,83414],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83392,383],{"class":382},[63,83394,386],{"class":270},[63,83396,82605],{"class":69},[63,83398,74],{"class":73},[63,83400,3712],{"class":181},[63,83402,102],{"class":73},[63,83404,26143],{"class":8785},[63,83406,386],{"class":270},[63,83408,2455],{"class":448},[63,83410,83411],{"class":452},"no words found",[63,83413,2455],{"class":448},[63,83415,397],{"class":73},[63,83417,83418,83420,83422,83424],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,83419,70],{"class":69},[63,83421,74],{"class":73},[63,83423,406],{"class":181},[63,83425,397],{"class":73},[20,83427,110],{},[54,83429,83431],{"className":56,"code":83430,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"no words found\n",[15,83432,83433],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83434,83435],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83436,83430],{"class":382},[20,83438,83439],{},"Important:",[30,83441,83442,83450],{},[33,83443,83444,83446,83447],{},[15,83445,82554],{}," works with ",[15,83448,83449],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83451,970,83452,83454,83455],{},[833,83453,973],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83456,83457],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[49,83459,47603],{"id":47602},[20,83461,83462,83463,307],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83464,82199],{},[1193,83466,83468,83470],{"id":83467},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83469,40326],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83472,83473,83474,45526,83476,307],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83475,82554],{},[15,83477,40326],{},[54,83479,83481],{"className":56,"code":83480,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83482,83483,83491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83484,83485,83487,83489],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83486,3211],{"class":382},[63,83488,386],{"class":270},[63,83490,7446],{"class":73},[63,83492,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83494,70],{"class":69},[63,83496,74],{"class":73},[63,83498,82258],{"class":69},[63,83500,74],{"class":73},[63,83502,3243],{"class":181},[63,83504,86],{"class":73},[20,83506,29301],{},[54,83508,83510],{"className":56,"code":83509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83511,83512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83513,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522,83525,83527],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83515,40326],{"class":417},[63,83517,2482],{"class":73},[63,83519,82605],{"class":69},[63,83521,6971],{"class":73},[63,83523,83524],{"class":382}," arg ",[63,83526,11809],{"class":270},[63,83528,83529],{"class":382}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83531,83532,83533,2482],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83534,82554],{},[54,83536,83538],{"className":56,"code":83537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83539,83540,83548],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83541,83542,83544,83546],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83543,3211],{"class":382},[63,83545,386],{"class":270},[63,83547,7446],{"class":73},[63,83549,83550,83552,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83551,70],{"class":69},[63,83553,74],{"class":73},[63,83555,82258],{"class":69},[63,83557,74],{"class":73},[63,83559,3243],{"class":181},[63,83561,102],{"class":73},[63,83563,26143],{"class":8785},[63,83565,386],{"class":270},[63,83567,3373],{"class":3448},[63,83569,86],{"class":73},[20,83571,83572,83573,307],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[303,83574,65458],{"href":72496},[1193,83576,83578,83580],{"id":83577},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83579,2602],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83582,83583,83584,307],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83585,2602],{},[54,83587,83589],{"className":56,"code":83588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83590,83591,83615],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83592,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83594,7386],{"class":382},[63,83596,386],{"class":270},[63,83598,3216],{"class":73},[63,83600,1940],{"class":82},[63,83602,102],{"class":73},[63,83604,1375],{"class":448},[63,83606,15373],{"class":452},[63,83608,2455],{"class":448},[63,83610,102],{"class":73},[63,83612,7402],{"class":82},[63,83614,3229],{"class":73},[63,83616,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83618,70],{"class":69},[63,83620,74],{"class":73},[63,83622,82258],{"class":69},[63,83624,74],{"class":73},[63,83626,7417],{"class":181},[63,83628,86],{"class":73},[20,83630,83631],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83633,83634],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[54,83636,83638],{"className":56,"code":83637,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83639,83640,83660],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83641,83642,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654,83656,83658],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83643,7386],{"class":382},[63,83645,386],{"class":270},[63,83647,3216],{"class":73},[63,83649,1940],{"class":82},[63,83651,102],{"class":73},[63,83653,7397],{"class":82},[63,83655,102],{"class":73},[63,83657,7402],{"class":82},[63,83659,3229],{"class":73},[63,83661,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83663,70],{"class":69},[63,83665,74],{"class":73},[63,83667,82258],{"class":69},[63,83669,74],{"class":73},[63,83671,7417],{"class":181},[63,83673,86],{"class":73},[20,83675,83676,83677,307],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[303,83678,83680],{"href":83679},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1193,83682,83684,83686],{"id":83683},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83685,2602],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83688,83689,83691],{},[15,83690,82199],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[54,83693,83695],{"className":56,"code":83694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(max())\n",[15,83696,83697],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83698,83699,83701,83703,83705],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83700,70],{"class":69},[63,83702,74],{"class":73},[63,83704,82258],{"class":69},[63,83706,6799],{"class":73},[20,83708,2599,83709,307],{},[15,83710,2602],{},[49,83712,83714,10197,83716],{"id":83713},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83715,82199],{},[15,83717,74042],{},[20,83719,83720],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83722,83723,2482],{},[15,83724,82199],{},[30,83726,83727],{},[33,83728,83729],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83731,83732,2482],{},[15,83733,74042],{},[30,83735,83736],{},[33,83737,83738],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83740,1820],{},[54,83742,83744],{"className":56,"code":83743,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83745,83746,83770,83774,83788],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83747,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83749,3211],{"class":382},[63,83751,386],{"class":270},[63,83753,3216],{"class":73},[63,83755,715],{"class":82},[63,83757,102],{"class":73},[63,83759,5962],{"class":82},[63,83761,102],{"class":73},[63,83763,105],{"class":82},[63,83765,102],{"class":73},[63,83767,4206],{"class":82},[63,83769,3229],{"class":73},[63,83771,83772],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83773,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,83775,83776,83778,83780,83782,83784,83786],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,83777,70],{"class":69},[63,83779,74],{"class":73},[63,83781,82258],{"class":69},[63,83783,74],{"class":73},[63,83785,3243],{"class":181},[63,83787,86],{"class":73},[63,83789,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,83791,70],{"class":69},[63,83793,74],{"class":73},[63,83795,74132],{"class":69},[63,83797,74],{"class":73},[63,83799,3243],{"class":181},[63,83801,86],{"class":73},[20,83803,110],{},[54,83805,83807],{"className":56,"code":83806,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83808,83809,83813],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83810,83811],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83812,288],{"class":82},[63,83814,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83816,3497],{"class":73},[63,83818,274],{"class":82},[63,83820,102],{"class":73},[63,83822,518],{"class":82},[63,83824,102],{"class":73},[63,83826,4206],{"class":82},[63,83828,102],{"class":73},[63,83830,5962],{"class":82},[63,83832,3229],{"class":73},[20,83834,128,83835,83837],{},[15,83836,82199],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83839,128,83840,83844],{},[303,83841,83842],{"href":74139},[15,83843,74042],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83846,83847,83848,307],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[303,83849,83851],{"href":83850},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83852,83853],{},"min()",[49,83855,1186],{"id":1185},[20,83857,83858],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,83860,83861,83868,83871,83876,83879],{},[33,83862,29270,83863,83865,83866],{},[15,83864,82199],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83867,82554],{},[33,83869,83870],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,83872,1196,83873,83875],{},[15,83874,82199],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,83877,83878],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,83880,311,83881,83883],{},[15,83882,82554],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83885,10725],{},[54,83887,83889],{"className":56,"code":83888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83890,83891,83901,83915,83929,83943,83965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83892,83893,83895,83897,83899],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83894,70],{"class":69},[63,83896,74],{"class":73},[63,83898,7417],{"class":181},[63,83900,397],{"class":73},[63,83902,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,83904,70],{"class":69},[63,83906,74],{"class":73},[63,83908,418],{"class":417},[63,83910,74],{"class":73},[63,83912,7417],{"class":181},[63,83914,86],{"class":73},[63,83916,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,83918,70],{"class":69},[63,83920,74],{"class":73},[63,83922,10774],{"class":69},[63,83924,74],{"class":73},[63,83926,7417],{"class":181},[63,83928,86],{"class":73},[63,83930,83931,83933,83935,83937,83939,83941],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,83932,70],{"class":69},[63,83934,74],{"class":73},[63,83936,82258],{"class":69},[63,83938,74],{"class":73},[63,83940,7417],{"class":181},[63,83942,86],{"class":73},[63,83944,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,83946,70],{"class":69},[63,83948,74],{"class":73},[63,83950,82258],{"class":69},[63,83952,74],{"class":73},[63,83954,7417],{"class":181},[63,83956,102],{"class":73},[63,83958,26143],{"class":8785},[63,83960,386],{"class":270},[63,83962,3373],{"class":3448},[63,83964,86],{"class":73},[63,83966,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,83968,70],{"class":69},[63,83970,2583],{"class":73},[63,83972,418],{"class":417},[63,83974,74],{"class":73},[63,83976,1786],{"class":181},[63,83978,3256],{"class":73},[63,83980,3474],{"class":3473},[63,83982,3477],{"class":181},[63,83984,3480],{"class":3473},[63,83986,5568],{"class":181},[63,83988,191],{"class":73},[20,83990,83991],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,83993,83994,83999,84004,84007],{},[33,83995,83996,83997],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83998,7417],{},[33,84000,79369,84001,84003],{},[15,84002,7417],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84005,84006],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84008,84009],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84011,68965,84012,84015,84016,84018],{},[15,84013,84014],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84017,7417],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[49,84020,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,84022,4744,84024,4747],{"id":84023},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84025,82199],{},[20,84027,84028],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1193,84030,1482,84032,84034],{"id":84031},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84033,82199],{}," work with strings?",[20,84036,84037],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1193,84039,71264],{"id":71263},[20,84041,84042,52111,84044,84046,84047,84049],{},[15,84043,82199],{},[15,84045,40326],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84048,82554],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1193,84051,84053,84054,1506],{"id":84052},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84055,82199],{},[20,84057,128,84058,2482],{},[15,84059,83107],{},[54,84061,84062],{"className":56,"code":83035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,84063,84064,84096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84065,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092,84094],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84067,3668],{"class":382},[63,84069,386],{"class":270},[63,84071,3216],{"class":73},[63,84073,2455],{"class":448},[63,84075,36672],{"class":452},[63,84077,2455],{"class":448},[63,84079,102],{"class":73},[63,84081,1375],{"class":448},[63,84083,67944],{"class":452},[63,84085,2455],{"class":448},[63,84087,102],{"class":73},[63,84089,1375],{"class":448},[63,84091,57745],{"class":452},[63,84093,2455],{"class":448},[63,84095,3229],{"class":73},[63,84097,84098,84100,84102,84104,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114,84116],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84099,70],{"class":69},[63,84101,74],{"class":73},[63,84103,82258],{"class":69},[63,84105,74],{"class":73},[63,84107,3712],{"class":181},[63,84109,102],{"class":73},[63,84111,21199],{"class":8785},[63,84113,386],{"class":270},[63,84115,10774],{"class":69},[63,84117,86],{"class":73},[1193,84119,4781,84121,3993,84123,1506],{"id":84120},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84122,82199],{},[15,84124,74042],{},[20,84126,84127,84129,84130,84132],{},[15,84128,82199],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84131,74042],{}," returns all items in order.",[49,84134,1517],{"id":1516},[30,84136,84137,84143,84149,84155,84159,84163],{},[33,84138,84139],{},[303,84140,84141,469],{"href":83850},[15,84142,83853],{},[33,84144,84145],{},[303,84146,84147,469],{"href":74139},[15,84148,74042],{},[33,84150,84151],{},[303,84152,84153,469],{"href":41974},[15,84154,41977],{},[33,84156,84157],{},[303,84158,58574],{"href":58573},[33,84160,84161],{},[303,84162,65458],{"href":72496},[33,84164,84165],{},[303,84166,83680],{"href":83679},[1542,84168,84169],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":84171},[84172,84173,84175,84176,84178,84180,84182,84187,84189,84197,84199,84200,84211],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":82389,"depth":89,"text":84174},"What max() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":82558,"depth":89,"text":84177},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82728,"depth":89,"text":84179},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82863,"depth":89,"text":84181},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78320,"depth":89,"text":79518,"children":84183},[84184,84185,84186],{"id":83031,"depth":254,"text":83032},{"id":83120,"depth":254,"text":83121},{"id":83202,"depth":254,"text":83203},{"id":83309,"depth":89,"text":84188},"Using the default argument",{"id":47602,"depth":89,"text":47603,"children":84190},[84191,84193,84195],{"id":83467,"depth":254,"text":84192},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83577,"depth":254,"text":84194},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83683,"depth":254,"text":84196},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83713,"depth":89,"text":84198},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":84201},[84202,84204,84206,84207,84209],{"id":84023,"depth":254,"text":84203},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84031,"depth":254,"text":84205},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71263,"depth":254,"text":71264},{"id":84052,"depth":254,"text":84208},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84120,"depth":254,"text":84210},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82191,"description":84212},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84219,"title":84220,"body":84221,"description":86175,"extension":1580,"meta":86176,"navigation":579,"path":86177,"seo":86178,"stem":86179,"__hash__":86180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84222,"toc":86132},[84223,84228,84233,84239,84241,84315,84317,84330,84335,84340,84356,84360,84365,84441,84447,84450,84493,84495,84503,84509,84512,84543,84545,84553,84559,84564,84623,84625,84634,84637,84647,84653,84658,84693,84695,84703,84709,84715,84720,84764,84766,84775,84778,84818,84820,84829,84832,84844,84849,84854,84905,84907,84916,84919,84970,84972,84981,84984,84991,84997,85002,85004,85019,85023,85083,85085,85094,85098,85270,85272,85309,85316,85322,85325,85352,85354,85375,85380,85415,85417,85425,85428,85431,85447,85452,85454,85458,85464,85468,85495,85498,85508,85548,85552,85555,85598,85600,85609,85612,85617,85686,85688,85696,85701,85705,85708,85759,85761,85769,85772,85835,85837,85845,85848,85853,85857,85870,85877,85885,85887,85889,85919,85925,86026,86036,86038,86043,86046,86051,86054,86056,86064,86072,86080,86087,86095,86097,86129],[10,84224,13,84226,18],{"id":84225},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84227,83853],{},[20,84229,84230,84232],{},[15,84231,83853],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84234,84235,84236,84238],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84237,83853],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[49,84240,52],{"id":51},[54,84242,84244],{"className":56,"code":84243,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84245,84246,84270,84285,84289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84247,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84249,3211],{"class":382},[63,84251,386],{"class":270},[63,84253,3216],{"class":73},[63,84255,1750],{"class":82},[63,84257,102],{"class":73},[63,84259,105],{"class":82},[63,84261,102],{"class":73},[63,84263,53753],{"class":82},[63,84265,102],{"class":73},[63,84267,249],{"class":82},[63,84269,3229],{"class":73},[63,84271,84272,84274,84276,84279,84281,84283],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84273,70],{"class":69},[63,84275,74],{"class":73},[63,84277,84278],{"class":69},"min",[63,84280,74],{"class":73},[63,84282,3243],{"class":181},[63,84284,86],{"class":73},[63,84286,84287],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,84288,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,84290,84291,84293,84295,84297,84299,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,84292,70],{"class":69},[63,84294,74],{"class":73},[63,84296,84278],{"class":69},[63,84298,74],{"class":73},[63,84300,1750],{"class":82},[63,84302,102],{"class":73},[63,84304,105],{"class":82},[63,84306,102],{"class":73},[63,84308,53753],{"class":82},[63,84310,102],{"class":73},[63,84312,249],{"class":82},[63,84314,86],{"class":73},[20,84316,110],{},[54,84318,84320],{"className":56,"code":84319,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n1\n",[15,84321,84322,84326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84323,84324],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84325,46534],{"class":82},[63,84327,84328],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84329,46534],{"class":82},[20,84331,128,84332,84334],{},[15,84333,83853],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[49,84336,138,84338,141],{"id":84337},"what-min-does",[15,84339,83853],{},[30,84341,84342,84347,84350,84353],{},[33,84343,84344,84346],{},[15,84345,83853],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84348,84349],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84351,84352],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84354,84355],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[49,84357,84359],{"id":84358},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84361,84362,84363,2482],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84364,83853],{},[54,84366,84368],{"className":56,"code":84367,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84369,84370,84380,84405,84423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84371,84372,84374,84376,84378],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84373,84278],{"class":69},[63,84375,74],{"class":73},[63,84377,3315],{"class":181},[63,84379,397],{"class":73},[63,84381,84382,84384,84386,84389,84391,84394,84396,84399,84401,84403],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84383,84278],{"class":69},[63,84385,74],{"class":73},[63,84387,84388],{"class":181},"value1",[63,84390,102],{"class":73},[63,84392,84393],{"class":181}," value2",[63,84395,102],{"class":73},[63,84397,84398],{"class":181}," value3",[63,84400,102],{"class":73},[63,84402,34077],{"class":69},[63,84404,397],{"class":73},[63,84406,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,84408,84278],{"class":69},[63,84410,74],{"class":73},[63,84412,3315],{"class":181},[63,84414,102],{"class":73},[63,84416,21199],{"class":8785},[63,84418,386],{"class":270},[63,84420,36996],{"class":69},[63,84422,397],{"class":73},[63,84424,84425,84427,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,84426,84278],{"class":69},[63,84428,74],{"class":73},[63,84430,3315],{"class":181},[63,84432,102],{"class":73},[63,84434,26143],{"class":8785},[63,84436,386],{"class":270},[63,84438,36996],{"class":69},[63,84440,397],{"class":73},[1193,84442,84444],{"id":84443},"miniterable",[15,84445,84446],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84448,84449],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[54,84451,84453],{"className":56,"code":84452,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84454,84455,84479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84456,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84458,3211],{"class":382},[63,84460,386],{"class":270},[63,84462,3216],{"class":73},[63,84464,1955],{"class":82},[63,84466,102],{"class":73},[63,84468,518],{"class":82},[63,84470,102],{"class":73},[63,84472,30564],{"class":82},[63,84474,102],{"class":73},[63,84476,249],{"class":82},[63,84478,3229],{"class":73},[63,84480,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84482,70],{"class":69},[63,84484,74],{"class":73},[63,84486,84278],{"class":69},[63,84488,74],{"class":73},[63,84490,3243],{"class":181},[63,84492,86],{"class":73},[20,84494,110],{},[54,84496,84497],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,84498,84499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84500,84501],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84502,46534],{"class":82},[1193,84504,84506],{"id":84505},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84507,84508],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84510,84511],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[54,84513,84515],{"className":56,"code":84514,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84516,84517],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84518,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84520,70],{"class":69},[63,84522,74],{"class":73},[63,84524,84278],{"class":69},[63,84526,74],{"class":73},[63,84528,1955],{"class":82},[63,84530,102],{"class":73},[63,84532,518],{"class":82},[63,84534,102],{"class":73},[63,84536,30564],{"class":82},[63,84538,102],{"class":73},[63,84540,249],{"class":82},[63,84542,86],{"class":73},[20,84544,110],{},[54,84546,84547],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,84548,84549],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84550,84551],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84552,46534],{"class":82},[1193,84554,84556],{"id":84555},"miniterable-key",[15,84557,84558],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84560,128,84561,84563],{},[15,84562,14459],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[54,84565,84567],{"className":56,"code":84566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84568,84569,84601],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84570,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595,84597,84599],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84572,3668],{"class":382},[63,84574,386],{"class":270},[63,84576,3216],{"class":73},[63,84578,2455],{"class":448},[63,84580,78362],{"class":452},[63,84582,2455],{"class":448},[63,84584,102],{"class":73},[63,84586,1375],{"class":448},[63,84588,37967],{"class":452},[63,84590,2455],{"class":448},[63,84592,102],{"class":73},[63,84594,1375],{"class":448},[63,84596,3686],{"class":452},[63,84598,2455],{"class":448},[63,84600,3229],{"class":73},[63,84602,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84604,70],{"class":69},[63,84606,74],{"class":73},[63,84608,84278],{"class":69},[63,84610,74],{"class":73},[63,84612,3712],{"class":181},[63,84614,102],{"class":73},[63,84616,21199],{"class":8785},[63,84618,386],{"class":270},[63,84620,10774],{"class":69},[63,84622,86],{"class":73},[20,84624,110],{},[54,84626,84628],{"className":56,"code":84627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"kiwi\n",[15,84629,84630],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84631,84632],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84633,84627],{"class":382},[20,84635,84636],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84638,84639,84640,84642,84643,307],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84641,41977],{},", see the ",[303,84644,84645,469],{"href":41974},[15,84646,41977],{},[1193,84648,84650],{"id":84649},"miniterable-default",[15,84651,84652],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84654,128,84655,84657],{},[15,84656,82554],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[54,84659,84661],{"className":56,"code":84660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84662,84663,84671],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84664,84665,84667,84669],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84666,3211],{"class":382},[63,84668,386],{"class":270},[63,84670,7446],{"class":73},[63,84672,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84674,70],{"class":69},[63,84676,74],{"class":73},[63,84678,84278],{"class":69},[63,84680,74],{"class":73},[63,84682,3243],{"class":181},[63,84684,102],{"class":73},[63,84686,26143],{"class":8785},[63,84688,386],{"class":270},[63,84690,1734],{"class":82},[63,84692,86],{"class":73},[20,84694,110],{},[54,84696,84697],{"className":56,"code":46869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,84698,84699],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84700,84701],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84702,46869],{"class":82},[20,84704,84705,84706,84708],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84707,40326],{}," when there is no item to return.",[49,84710,311,84712,84714],{"id":84711},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84713,83853],{}," with numbers",[20,84716,84717,84719],{},[15,84718,83853],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[54,84721,84723],{"className":56,"code":84722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84724,84725,84750],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84726,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84728,4665],{"class":382},[63,84730,386],{"class":270},[63,84732,3216],{"class":73},[63,84734,51121],{"class":82},[63,84736,102],{"class":73},[63,84738,84739],{"class":82}," 72",[63,84741,102],{"class":73},[63,84743,28526],{"class":82},[63,84745,102],{"class":73},[63,84747,75718],{"class":82},[63,84749,3229],{"class":73},[63,84751,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84753,70],{"class":69},[63,84755,74],{"class":73},[63,84757,84278],{"class":69},[63,84759,74],{"class":73},[63,84761,16008],{"class":181},[63,84763,86],{"class":73},[20,84765,110],{},[54,84767,84769],{"className":56,"code":84768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"60\n",[15,84770,84771],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84772,84773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84774,84768],{"class":82},[20,84776,84777],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[54,84779,84781],{"className":56,"code":84780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84782,84783,84804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84784,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84798,84800,84802],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84786,82666],{"class":382},[63,84788,386],{"class":270},[63,84790,3216],{"class":73},[63,84792,40020],{"class":82},[63,84794,102],{"class":73},[63,84796,84797],{"class":82}," 5.49",[63,84799,102],{"class":73},[63,84801,82682],{"class":82},[63,84803,3229],{"class":73},[63,84805,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84807,70],{"class":69},[63,84809,74],{"class":73},[63,84811,84278],{"class":69},[63,84813,74],{"class":73},[63,84815,82702],{"class":181},[63,84817,86],{"class":73},[20,84819,110],{},[54,84821,84823],{"className":56,"code":84822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.49\n",[15,84824,84825],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84826,84827],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84828,84822],{"class":82},[20,84830,84831],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,84833,84834,84836,84838,84841],{},[33,84835,16008],{},[33,84837,82702],{},[33,84839,84840],{},"measurements",[33,84842,84843],{},"ages",[49,84845,311,84847,46676],{"id":84846},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84848,83853],{},[20,84850,84851,84853],{},[15,84852,83853],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[54,84855,84857],{"className":56,"code":84856,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84858,84859,84891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84860,84861,84863,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84862,3668],{"class":382},[63,84864,386],{"class":270},[63,84866,3216],{"class":73},[63,84868,2455],{"class":448},[63,84870,3686],{"class":452},[63,84872,2455],{"class":448},[63,84874,102],{"class":73},[63,84876,1375],{"class":448},[63,84878,3677],{"class":452},[63,84880,2455],{"class":448},[63,84882,102],{"class":73},[63,84884,1375],{"class":448},[63,84886,3695],{"class":452},[63,84888,2455],{"class":448},[63,84890,3229],{"class":73},[63,84892,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84894,70],{"class":69},[63,84896,74],{"class":73},[63,84898,84278],{"class":69},[63,84900,74],{"class":73},[63,84902,3712],{"class":181},[63,84904,86],{"class":73},[20,84906,110],{},[54,84908,84910],{"className":56,"code":84909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apple\n",[15,84911,84912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84913,84914],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84915,84909],{"class":382},[20,84917,84918],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[54,84920,84922],{"className":56,"code":84921,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84923,84924,84956],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84925,84926,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84927,3668],{"class":382},[63,84929,386],{"class":270},[63,84931,3216],{"class":73},[63,84933,2455],{"class":448},[63,84935,3686],{"class":452},[63,84937,2455],{"class":448},[63,84939,102],{"class":73},[63,84941,1375],{"class":448},[63,84943,57386],{"class":452},[63,84945,2455],{"class":448},[63,84947,102],{"class":73},[63,84949,1375],{"class":448},[63,84951,3695],{"class":452},[63,84953,2455],{"class":448},[63,84955,3229],{"class":73},[63,84957,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,84959,70],{"class":69},[63,84961,74],{"class":73},[63,84963,84278],{"class":69},[63,84965,74],{"class":73},[63,84967,3712],{"class":181},[63,84969,86],{"class":73},[20,84971,110],{},[54,84973,84975],{"className":56,"code":84974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Apple\n",[15,84976,84977],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84978,84979],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84980,84974],{"class":382},[20,84982,84983],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84985,84986,84987,307],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[303,84988,84989,5385],{"href":74139},[15,84990,74042],{},[49,84992,311,84994,84996],{"id":84993},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84995,83853],{}," with a key function",[20,84998,1597,84999,85001],{},[15,85000,14459],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85003,11072],{},[30,85005,85006,85011,85016],{},[33,85007,85008,85010],{},[15,85009,14459],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85012,85013,85015],{},[15,85014,83853],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85017,85018],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1193,85020,85022],{"id":85021},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[54,85024,85026],{"className":56,"code":85025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85027,85028,85061],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85029,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85057,85059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85031,3668],{"class":382},[63,85033,386],{"class":270},[63,85035,3216],{"class":73},[63,85037,2455],{"class":448},[63,85039,67944],{"class":452},[63,85041,2455],{"class":448},[63,85043,102],{"class":73},[63,85045,1375],{"class":448},[63,85047,36672],{"class":452},[63,85049,2455],{"class":448},[63,85051,102],{"class":73},[63,85053,1375],{"class":448},[63,85055,85056],{"class":452},"giraffe",[63,85058,2455],{"class":448},[63,85060,3229],{"class":73},[63,85062,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85064,70],{"class":69},[63,85066,74],{"class":73},[63,85068,84278],{"class":69},[63,85070,74],{"class":73},[63,85072,3712],{"class":181},[63,85074,102],{"class":73},[63,85076,21199],{"class":8785},[63,85078,386],{"class":270},[63,85080,10774],{"class":69},[63,85082,86],{"class":73},[20,85084,110],{},[54,85086,85088],{"className":56,"code":85087,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cat\n",[15,85089,85090],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85091,85092],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85093,85087],{"class":382},[1193,85095,85097],{"id":85096},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[54,85099,85101],{"className":56,"code":85100,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85102,85103,85113,85148,85180,85212,85216,85220,85259],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85104,85105,85108,85110],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85106,85107],{"class":382},"students ",[63,85109,386],{"class":270},[63,85111,85112],{"class":73}," [\n",[63,85114,85115,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85139,85141,85143,85145],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85116,85117],{"class":73},"    {",[63,85119,2455],{"class":448},[63,85121,7274],{"class":452},[63,85123,2455],{"class":448},[63,85125,2482],{"class":73},[63,85127,1375],{"class":448},[63,85129,12496],{"class":452},[63,85131,2455],{"class":448},[63,85133,102],{"class":73},[63,85135,1375],{"class":448},[63,85137,85138],{"class":452},"score",[63,85140,2455],{"class":448},[63,85142,2482],{"class":73},[63,85144,13124],{"class":82},[63,85146,85147],{"class":73},"},\n",[63,85149,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,85151,85117],{"class":73},[63,85153,2455],{"class":448},[63,85155,7274],{"class":452},[63,85157,2455],{"class":448},[63,85159,2482],{"class":73},[63,85161,1375],{"class":448},[63,85163,35564],{"class":452},[63,85165,2455],{"class":448},[63,85167,102],{"class":73},[63,85169,1375],{"class":448},[63,85171,85138],{"class":452},[63,85173,2455],{"class":448},[63,85175,2482],{"class":73},[63,85177,84739],{"class":82},[63,85179,85147],{"class":73},[63,85181,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,85183,85117],{"class":73},[63,85185,2455],{"class":448},[63,85187,7274],{"class":452},[63,85189,2455],{"class":448},[63,85191,2482],{"class":73},[63,85193,1375],{"class":448},[63,85195,35573],{"class":452},[63,85197,2455],{"class":448},[63,85199,102],{"class":73},[63,85201,1375],{"class":448},[63,85203,85138],{"class":452},[63,85205,2455],{"class":448},[63,85207,2482],{"class":73},[63,85209,19518],{"class":82},[63,85211,8919],{"class":73},[63,85213,85214],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,85215,3229],{"class":73},[63,85217,85218],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,85219,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,85221,85222,85225,85227,85230,85232,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,85223,85224],{"class":382},"lowest ",[63,85226,386],{"class":270},[63,85228,85229],{"class":69}," min",[63,85231,74],{"class":73},[63,85233,85234],{"class":181},"students",[63,85236,102],{"class":73},[63,85238,21199],{"class":8785},[63,85240,386],{"class":270},[63,85242,37285],{"class":444},[63,85244,12522],{"class":37288},[63,85246,2482],{"class":73},[63,85248,12522],{"class":181},[63,85250,3497],{"class":73},[63,85252,2455],{"class":448},[63,85254,85138],{"class":452},[63,85256,2455],{"class":448},[63,85258,191],{"class":73},[63,85260,85261,85263,85265,85268],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,85262,70],{"class":69},[63,85264,74],{"class":73},[63,85266,85267],{"class":181},"lowest",[63,85269,397],{"class":73},[20,85271,110],{},[54,85273,85275],{"className":56,"code":85274,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85276,85277],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85278,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85280,8888],{"class":73},[63,85282,456],{"class":448},[63,85284,7274],{"class":452},[63,85286,456],{"class":448},[63,85288,2482],{"class":73},[63,85290,449],{"class":448},[63,85292,35564],{"class":452},[63,85294,456],{"class":448},[63,85296,102],{"class":73},[63,85298,449],{"class":448},[63,85300,85138],{"class":452},[63,85302,456],{"class":448},[63,85304,2482],{"class":73},[63,85306,84739],{"class":82},[63,85308,8919],{"class":73},[20,85310,85311,85312,85315],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85313,85314],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[49,85317,311,85319,85321],{"id":85318},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85320,82554],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85323,85324],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[54,85326,85328],{"className":56,"code":85327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85329,85330,85338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85331,85332,85334,85336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85333,3211],{"class":382},[63,85335,386],{"class":270},[63,85337,7446],{"class":73},[63,85339,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85341,70],{"class":69},[63,85343,74],{"class":73},[63,85345,84278],{"class":69},[63,85347,74],{"class":73},[63,85349,3243],{"class":181},[63,85351,86],{"class":73},[20,85353,110],{},[54,85355,85357],{"className":56,"code":85356,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85358,85359],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85360,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85362,40326],{"class":417},[63,85364,2482],{"class":73},[63,85366,85229],{"class":69},[63,85368,6971],{"class":73},[63,85370,83524],{"class":382},[63,85372,11809],{"class":270},[63,85374,83529],{"class":382},[20,85376,85377,85378,2482],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85379,82554],{},[54,85381,85383],{"className":56,"code":85382,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85384,85385,85393],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85386,85387,85389,85391],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85388,3211],{"class":382},[63,85390,386],{"class":270},[63,85392,7446],{"class":73},[63,85394,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85396,70],{"class":69},[63,85398,74],{"class":73},[63,85400,84278],{"class":69},[63,85402,74],{"class":73},[63,85404,3243],{"class":181},[63,85406,102],{"class":73},[63,85408,26143],{"class":8785},[63,85410,386],{"class":270},[63,85412,3373],{"class":3448},[63,85414,86],{"class":73},[20,85416,110],{},[54,85418,85419],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,85420,85421],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85422,85423],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85424,11423],{"class":3448},[20,85426,85427],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85429,85430],{},"Remember:",[30,85432,85433,85441],{},[33,85434,85435,85437,85438,85440],{},[15,85436,82554],{}," works only when ",[15,85439,83853],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85442,85443,85444],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85445,85446],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85448,85449,85450,307],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[303,85451,65458],{"href":72496},[49,85453,10356],{"id":10355},[20,85455,56393,85456,307],{},[15,85457,83853],{},[1193,85459,85461,85462],{"id":85460},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85463,82554],{},[20,85465,2599,85466,2482],{},[15,85467,40326],{},[54,85469,85471],{"className":56,"code":85470,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85472,85473,85481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85474,85475,85477,85479],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85476,7386],{"class":382},[63,85478,386],{"class":270},[63,85480,7446],{"class":73},[63,85482,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85484,70],{"class":69},[63,85486,74],{"class":73},[63,85488,84278],{"class":69},[63,85490,74],{"class":73},[63,85492,7417],{"class":181},[63,85494,86],{"class":73},[20,85496,85497],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85499,85500,85503],{},[33,85501,85502],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85504,85505,85506],{},"or using ",[15,85507,82554],{},[54,85509,85511],{"className":56,"code":85510,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85512,85513,85521],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85514,85515,85517,85519],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85516,7386],{"class":382},[63,85518,386],{"class":270},[63,85520,7446],{"class":73},[63,85522,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85544,85546],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85524,70],{"class":69},[63,85526,74],{"class":73},[63,85528,84278],{"class":69},[63,85530,74],{"class":73},[63,85532,7417],{"class":181},[63,85534,102],{"class":73},[63,85536,26143],{"class":8785},[63,85538,386],{"class":270},[63,85540,2455],{"class":448},[63,85542,85543],{"class":452},"no items",[63,85545,2455],{"class":448},[63,85547,86],{"class":73},[1193,85549,85551],{"id":85550},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85553,85554],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[54,85556,85558],{"className":56,"code":85557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85559,85560,85584],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85561,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85563,8775],{"class":382},[63,85565,386],{"class":270},[63,85567,3216],{"class":73},[63,85569,1940],{"class":82},[63,85571,102],{"class":73},[63,85573,1375],{"class":448},[63,85575,15373],{"class":452},[63,85577,2455],{"class":448},[63,85579,102],{"class":73},[63,85581,4206],{"class":82},[63,85583,3229],{"class":73},[63,85585,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594,85596],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85587,70],{"class":69},[63,85589,74],{"class":73},[63,85591,84278],{"class":69},[63,85593,74],{"class":73},[63,85595,8814],{"class":181},[63,85597,86],{"class":73},[20,85599,110],{},[54,85601,85603],{"className":56,"code":85602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError\n",[15,85604,85605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85606,85607],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85608,85602],{"class":417},[20,85610,85611],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85613,85614,85615,307],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85616,83853],{},[54,85618,85620],{"className":56,"code":85619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85621,85622,85646,85672],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85623,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85625,8775],{"class":382},[63,85627,386],{"class":270},[63,85629,3216],{"class":73},[63,85631,1940],{"class":82},[63,85633,102],{"class":73},[63,85635,1375],{"class":448},[63,85637,15373],{"class":452},[63,85639,2455],{"class":448},[63,85641,102],{"class":73},[63,85643,4206],{"class":82},[63,85645,3229],{"class":73},[63,85647,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85649,3211],{"class":382},[63,85651,386],{"class":270},[63,85653,3216],{"class":73},[63,85655,453],{"class":417},[63,85657,74],{"class":73},[63,85659,1786],{"class":181},[63,85661,3256],{"class":73},[63,85663,3474],{"class":3473},[63,85665,3477],{"class":382},[63,85667,3480],{"class":3473},[63,85669,14184],{"class":382},[63,85671,3229],{"class":73},[63,85673,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,85675,70],{"class":69},[63,85677,74],{"class":73},[63,85679,84278],{"class":69},[63,85681,74],{"class":73},[63,85683,3243],{"class":181},[63,85685,86],{"class":73},[20,85687,110],{},[54,85689,85690],{"className":56,"code":369,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,85691,85692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85693,85694],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85695,369],{"class":82},[20,85697,85698,85699,307],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85700,2602],{},[1193,85702,85704],{"id":85703},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85706,85707],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[54,85709,85711],{"className":56,"code":85710,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85712,85713,85745],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85714,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85716,3668],{"class":382},[63,85718,386],{"class":270},[63,85720,3216],{"class":73},[63,85722,2455],{"class":448},[63,85724,79178],{"class":452},[63,85726,2455],{"class":448},[63,85728,102],{"class":73},[63,85730,1375],{"class":448},[63,85732,57386],{"class":452},[63,85734,2455],{"class":448},[63,85736,102],{"class":73},[63,85738,1375],{"class":448},[63,85740,79195],{"class":452},[63,85742,2455],{"class":448},[63,85744,3229],{"class":73},[63,85746,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85748,70],{"class":69},[63,85750,74],{"class":73},[63,85752,84278],{"class":69},[63,85754,74],{"class":73},[63,85756,3712],{"class":181},[63,85758,86],{"class":73},[20,85760,110],{},[54,85762,85763],{"className":56,"code":84974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,85764,85765],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85766,85767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85768,84974],{"class":382},[20,85770,85771],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[54,85773,85775],{"className":56,"code":85774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85776,85777,85809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85778,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85780,3668],{"class":382},[63,85782,386],{"class":270},[63,85784,3216],{"class":73},[63,85786,2455],{"class":448},[63,85788,79178],{"class":452},[63,85790,2455],{"class":448},[63,85792,102],{"class":73},[63,85794,1375],{"class":448},[63,85796,57386],{"class":452},[63,85798,2455],{"class":448},[63,85800,102],{"class":73},[63,85802,1375],{"class":448},[63,85804,79195],{"class":452},[63,85806,2455],{"class":448},[63,85808,3229],{"class":73},[63,85810,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829,85831,85833],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85812,70],{"class":69},[63,85814,74],{"class":73},[63,85816,84278],{"class":69},[63,85818,74],{"class":73},[63,85820,3712],{"class":181},[63,85822,102],{"class":73},[63,85824,21199],{"class":8785},[63,85826,386],{"class":270},[63,85828,3037],{"class":417},[63,85830,307],{"class":73},[63,85832,8249],{"class":24370},[63,85834,86],{"class":73},[20,85836,110],{},[54,85838,85839],{"className":56,"code":84974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,85840,85841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85842,85843],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85844,84974],{"class":382},[20,85846,85847],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[49,85849,1114,85851],{"id":85850},"when-to-use-min",[15,85852,83853],{},[20,85854,128,85855,10213],{},[15,85856,83853],{},[30,85858,85859,85862,85867],{},[33,85860,85861],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,85863,85864,85865],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85866,14459],{},[33,85868,85869],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85871,128,85872,85876],{},[303,85873,85874],{"href":74139},[15,85875,74042],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85878,128,85879,85884],{},[303,85880,85882],{"href":85881},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85883,82199],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[49,85886,1186],{"id":1185},[20,85888,83858],{},[30,85890,85891,85899,85902,85907,85914],{},[33,85892,85893,85894,85896,85897],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85895,83853],{}," without using ",[15,85898,82554],{},[33,85900,85901],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,85903,1196,85904,85906],{},[15,85905,83853],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,85908,4305,85909,85911,85912,85015],{},[15,85910,14459],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85913,83853],{},[33,85915,311,85916,85918],{},[15,85917,82554],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85920,85921,85922,85924],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85923,83853],{},", these quick checks can help:",[54,85926,85928],{"className":56,"code":85927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85929,85930,85944,85954,85968,85982,86004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85931,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85933,70],{"class":69},[63,85935,74],{"class":73},[63,85937,418],{"class":417},[63,85939,74],{"class":73},[63,85941,8814],{"class":181},[63,85943,86],{"class":73},[63,85945,85946,85948,85950,85952],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,85947,70],{"class":69},[63,85949,74],{"class":73},[63,85951,8814],{"class":181},[63,85953,397],{"class":73},[63,85955,85956,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,85957,70],{"class":69},[63,85959,74],{"class":73},[63,85961,10774],{"class":69},[63,85963,74],{"class":73},[63,85965,8814],{"class":181},[63,85967,86],{"class":73},[63,85969,85970,85972,85974,85976,85978,85980],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,85971,70],{"class":69},[63,85973,74],{"class":73},[63,85975,84278],{"class":69},[63,85977,74],{"class":73},[63,85979,8814],{"class":181},[63,85981,86],{"class":73},[63,85983,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,85985,70],{"class":69},[63,85987,74],{"class":73},[63,85989,84278],{"class":69},[63,85991,74],{"class":73},[63,85993,8814],{"class":181},[63,85995,102],{"class":73},[63,85997,26143],{"class":8785},[63,85999,386],{"class":270},[63,86001,3373],{"class":3448},[63,86003,86],{"class":73},[63,86005,86006,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,86007,70],{"class":69},[63,86009,74],{"class":73},[63,86011,84278],{"class":69},[63,86013,74],{"class":73},[63,86015,3712],{"class":181},[63,86017,102],{"class":73},[63,86019,21199],{"class":8785},[63,86021,386],{"class":270},[63,86023,10774],{"class":69},[63,86025,86],{"class":73},[20,86027,86028,86029,86032,86033,86035],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86030,86031],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86034,8814],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[49,86037,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,86039,4744,86041,4747],{"id":86040},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86042,83853],{},[20,86044,86045],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1193,86047,1482,86049,84034],{"id":86048},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86050,83853],{},[20,86052,86053],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1193,86055,71264],{"id":71263},[20,86057,86058,52111,86060,84046,86062,36246],{},[15,86059,83853],{},[15,86061,40326],{},[15,86063,82554],{},[1193,86065,4744,86067,86069,86070,1506],{"id":86066},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86068,14459],{}," do in ",[15,86071,83853],{},[20,86073,86074,86076,86077,86079],{},[15,86075,14459],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86078,83107],{}," compares strings by length.",[1193,86081,4781,86083,3993,86085,1506],{"id":86082},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86084,83853],{},[15,86086,74042],{},[20,86088,86089,86091,86092,86094],{},[15,86090,83853],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86093,74042],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[49,86096,1517],{"id":1516},[30,86098,86099,86105,86111,86117,86121,86125],{},[33,86100,86101],{},[303,86102,86103,469],{"href":85881},[15,86104,82199],{},[33,86106,86107],{},[303,86108,86109,469],{"href":74139},[15,86110,74042],{},[33,86112,86113],{},[303,86114,86115,469],{"href":41974},[15,86116,41977],{},[33,86118,86119],{},[303,86120,79491],{"href":77994},[33,86122,86123],{},[303,86124,58574],{"href":58573},[33,86126,86127],{},[303,86128,65458],{"href":72496},[1542,86130,86131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":86133},[86134,86135,86137,86143,86145,86147,86152,86154,86160,86162,86163,86174],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":84337,"depth":89,"text":86136},"What min() does",{"id":84358,"depth":89,"text":84359,"children":86138},[86139,86140,86141,86142],{"id":84443,"depth":254,"text":84446},{"id":84505,"depth":254,"text":84508},{"id":84555,"depth":254,"text":84558},{"id":84649,"depth":254,"text":84652},{"id":84711,"depth":89,"text":86144},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84846,"depth":89,"text":86146},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84993,"depth":89,"text":86148,"children":86149},"Using min() with a key function",[86150,86151],{"id":85021,"depth":254,"text":85022},{"id":85096,"depth":254,"text":85097},{"id":85318,"depth":89,"text":86153},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10355,"depth":89,"text":10356,"children":86155},[86156,86158,86159],{"id":85460,"depth":254,"text":86157},"Empty list without default",{"id":85550,"depth":254,"text":85551},{"id":85703,"depth":254,"text":85704},{"id":85850,"depth":89,"text":86161},"When to use min()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":86164},[86165,86167,86169,86170,86172],{"id":86040,"depth":254,"text":86166},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86048,"depth":254,"text":86168},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71263,"depth":254,"text":71264},{"id":86066,"depth":254,"text":86171},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86082,"depth":254,"text":86173},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84220,"description":86175},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86182,"title":86183,"body":86184,"description":88363,"extension":1580,"meta":88364,"navigation":579,"path":88365,"seo":88366,"stem":88367,"__hash__":88368},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86185,"toc":88327},[86186,86189,86195,86201,86203,86284,86293,86297,86302,86304,86349,86351,86431,86437,86439,86442,86474,86476,86494,86496,86569,86571,86590,86594,86597,86633,86635,86702,86776,86849,86854,86858,86864,86867,86884,86887,86889,86950,86952,86972,86978,86982,86985,87055,87058,87077,87082,87158,87161,87165,87171,87175,87180,87250,87254,87259,87333,87337,87340,87415,87426,87430,87435,87525,87530,87598,87601,87620,87631,87635,87638,87643,87646,87708,87711,87722,87727,87730,87733,87738,87741,87744,87748,87751,87757,87760,87771,87773,87835,87850,87856,87859,87862,87873,87884,87890,87893,87895,87957,87967,87973,87978,87984,87988,87994,87997,88018,88020,88025,88052,88055,88082,88085,88124,88127,88165,88168,88229,88232,88234,88238,88241,88245,88251,88259,88267,88271,88274,88278,88284,88286,88324],[10,86187,86183],{"id":86188},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86190,86191,86194],{},[15,86192,86193],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86196,86197,86198,86200],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86199,86193],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[49,86202,52],{"id":51},[54,86204,86206],{"className":56,"code":86205,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86207,86208,86257,86273],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86209,86210,86213,86216,86218,86220,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86238,86240,86242,86245,86247,86249,86251,86255],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86211,86212],{"class":3473},"with",[63,86214,86215],{"class":69}," open",[63,86217,74],{"class":73},[63,86219,2455],{"class":448},[63,86221,86222],{"class":452},"example.txt",[63,86224,2455],{"class":448},[63,86226,102],{"class":73},[63,86228,1375],{"class":448},[63,86230,60124],{"class":452},[63,86232,2455],{"class":448},[63,86234,102],{"class":73},[63,86236,86237],{"class":8785}," encoding",[63,86239,386],{"class":270},[63,86241,2455],{"class":448},[63,86243,86244],{"class":452},"utf-8",[63,86246,2455],{"class":448},[63,86248,3256],{"class":73},[63,86250,46975],{"class":3473},[63,86252,86254],{"class":86253},"sMMDD"," file",[63,86256,5996],{"class":73},[63,86258,86259,86262,86264,86266,86268,86271],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,86260,86261],{"class":382},"    content ",[63,86263,386],{"class":270},[63,86265,86254],{"class":86253},[63,86267,307],{"class":73},[63,86269,86270],{"class":181},"read",[63,86272,8252],{"class":73},[63,86274,86275,86277,86279,86282],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,86276,7677],{"class":69},[63,86278,74],{"class":73},[63,86280,86281],{"class":181},"content",[63,86283,397],{"class":73},[20,86285,128,86286,86288,86289,86292],{},[15,86287,86212],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86290,86291],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[49,86294,86296],{"id":86295},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86298,86299,86301],{},[15,86300,86193],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86303,11072],{},[30,86305,86306,86309,86314,86319],{},[33,86307,86308],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86310,970,86311,86313],{},[833,86312,973],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86315,17040,86316],{},[833,86317,86318],{},"file object",[33,86320,86321,86322],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86323,86324,86329,86334,86339,86344],{},[33,86325,86326],{},[15,86327,86328],{},"read()",[33,86330,86331],{},[15,86332,86333],{},"readline()",[33,86335,86336],{},[15,86337,86338],{},"readlines()",[33,86340,86341],{},[15,86342,86343],{},"write()",[33,86345,86346],{},[15,86347,86348],{},"close()",[20,86350,1820],{},[54,86352,86354],{"className":56,"code":86353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86355,86356,86395,86410,86420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86357,86358,86361,86363,86365,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86359,86360],{"class":86253},"file",[63,86362,12893],{"class":270},[63,86364,86215],{"class":69},[63,86366,74],{"class":73},[63,86368,2455],{"class":448},[63,86370,86222],{"class":452},[63,86372,2455],{"class":448},[63,86374,102],{"class":73},[63,86376,1375],{"class":448},[63,86378,60124],{"class":452},[63,86380,2455],{"class":448},[63,86382,102],{"class":73},[63,86384,86237],{"class":8785},[63,86386,386],{"class":270},[63,86388,2455],{"class":448},[63,86390,86244],{"class":452},[63,86392,2455],{"class":448},[63,86394,397],{"class":73},[63,86396,86397,86400,86402,86404,86406,86408],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,86398,86399],{"class":382},"content ",[63,86401,386],{"class":270},[63,86403,86254],{"class":86253},[63,86405,307],{"class":73},[63,86407,86270],{"class":181},[63,86409,8252],{"class":73},[63,86411,86412,86414,86416,86418],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,86413,70],{"class":69},[63,86415,74],{"class":73},[63,86417,86281],{"class":181},[63,86419,397],{"class":73},[63,86421,86422,86424,86426,86429],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,86423,86360],{"class":86253},[63,86425,307],{"class":73},[63,86427,86428],{"class":181},"close",[63,86430,8252],{"class":73},[20,86432,86433,86434,86436],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86435,86212],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[49,86438,164],{"id":163},[20,86440,86441],{},"A common form is:",[54,86443,86445],{"className":56,"code":86444,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86446,86447],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86448,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457,86460,86462,86464,86466,86468,86470,86472],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86450,42043],{"class":69},[63,86452,74],{"class":73},[63,86454,86360],{"class":86253},[63,86456,102],{"class":73},[63,86458,86459],{"class":181}," mode",[63,86461,102],{"class":73},[63,86463,86237],{"class":8785},[63,86465,386],{"class":270},[63,86467,2455],{"class":448},[63,86469,86244],{"class":452},[63,86471,2455],{"class":448},[63,86473,397],{"class":73},[20,86475,64665],{},[30,86477,86478,86483,86488],{},[33,86479,86480,86482],{},[15,86481,86360],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86484,86485,86487],{},[15,86486,20538],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86489,86490,86493],{},[15,86491,86492],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86495,1820],{},[54,86497,86499],{"className":56,"code":86498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86500,86501,86544,86559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86502,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86514,86516,86518,86520,86522,86524,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86504,86212],{"class":3473},[63,86506,86215],{"class":69},[63,86508,74],{"class":73},[63,86510,2455],{"class":448},[63,86512,86513],{"class":452},"notes.txt",[63,86515,2455],{"class":448},[63,86517,102],{"class":73},[63,86519,1375],{"class":448},[63,86521,60124],{"class":452},[63,86523,2455],{"class":448},[63,86525,102],{"class":73},[63,86527,86237],{"class":8785},[63,86529,386],{"class":270},[63,86531,2455],{"class":448},[63,86533,86244],{"class":452},[63,86535,2455],{"class":448},[63,86537,3256],{"class":73},[63,86539,46975],{"class":3473},[63,86541,86254],{"class":86253},[63,86543,5996],{"class":73},[63,86545,86546,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,86547,86548],{"class":382},"    text ",[63,86550,386],{"class":270},[63,86552,86254],{"class":86253},[63,86554,307],{"class":73},[63,86556,86270],{"class":181},[63,86558,8252],{"class":73},[63,86560,86561,86563,86565,86567],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,86562,7677],{"class":69},[63,86564,74],{"class":73},[63,86566,1396],{"class":181},[63,86568,397],{"class":73},[20,86570,19577],{},[30,86572,86573,86579,86584],{},[33,86574,86575,86578],{},[15,86576,86577],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86580,86581,86583],{},[15,86582,86291],{}," means open for reading",[33,86585,86586,86589],{},[15,86587,86588],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[49,86591,86593],{"id":86592},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86595,86596],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86598,86599,86604,86610,86615,86621,86627],{},[33,86600,86601,86603],{},[15,86602,86291],{}," = read a text file",[33,86605,86606,86609],{},[15,86607,86608],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86611,86612,86614],{},[15,86613,17715],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86616,86617,86620],{},[15,86618,86619],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86622,86623,86626],{},[15,86624,86625],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,86628,86629,86632],{},[15,86630,86631],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86634,1740],{},[54,86636,86638],{"className":56,"code":86637,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86639,86640,86645,86688],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86641,86642],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86643,86644],{"class":1357},"# Read a text file\n",[63,86646,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86658,86660,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,86648,86212],{"class":3473},[63,86650,86215],{"class":69},[63,86652,74],{"class":73},[63,86654,2455],{"class":448},[63,86656,86657],{"class":452},"data.txt",[63,86659,2455],{"class":448},[63,86661,102],{"class":73},[63,86663,1375],{"class":448},[63,86665,60124],{"class":452},[63,86667,2455],{"class":448},[63,86669,102],{"class":73},[63,86671,86237],{"class":8785},[63,86673,386],{"class":270},[63,86675,2455],{"class":448},[63,86677,86244],{"class":452},[63,86679,2455],{"class":448},[63,86681,3256],{"class":73},[63,86683,46975],{"class":3473},[63,86685,86254],{"class":86253},[63,86687,5996],{"class":73},[63,86689,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,86691,7677],{"class":69},[63,86693,74],{"class":73},[63,86695,86360],{"class":86253},[63,86697,307],{"class":73},[63,86699,86270],{"class":181},[63,86701,6799],{"class":73},[54,86703,86705],{"className":56,"code":86704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86706,86707,86712,86754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86708,86709],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86710,86711],{"class":1357},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[63,86713,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,86715,86212],{"class":3473},[63,86717,86215],{"class":69},[63,86719,74],{"class":73},[63,86721,2455],{"class":448},[63,86723,86657],{"class":452},[63,86725,2455],{"class":448},[63,86727,102],{"class":73},[63,86729,1375],{"class":448},[63,86731,60107],{"class":452},[63,86733,2455],{"class":448},[63,86735,102],{"class":73},[63,86737,86237],{"class":8785},[63,86739,386],{"class":270},[63,86741,2455],{"class":448},[63,86743,86244],{"class":452},[63,86745,2455],{"class":448},[63,86747,3256],{"class":73},[63,86749,46975],{"class":3473},[63,86751,86254],{"class":86253},[63,86753,5996],{"class":73},[63,86755,86756,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86772,86774],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,86757,86758],{"class":86253},"    file",[63,86760,307],{"class":73},[63,86762,69813],{"class":181},[63,86764,74],{"class":73},[63,86766,2455],{"class":448},[63,86768,34489],{"class":452},[63,86770,86771],{"class":34076},"\\n",[63,86773,2455],{"class":448},[63,86775,397],{"class":73},[54,86777,86779],{"className":56,"code":86778,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86780,86781,86786,86828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86782,86783],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86784,86785],{"class":1357},"# Append to a text file\n",[63,86787,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86798,86800,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,86789,86212],{"class":3473},[63,86791,86215],{"class":69},[63,86793,74],{"class":73},[63,86795,2455],{"class":448},[63,86797,86657],{"class":452},[63,86799,2455],{"class":448},[63,86801,102],{"class":73},[63,86803,1375],{"class":448},[63,86805,303],{"class":452},[63,86807,2455],{"class":448},[63,86809,102],{"class":73},[63,86811,86237],{"class":8785},[63,86813,386],{"class":270},[63,86815,2455],{"class":448},[63,86817,86244],{"class":452},[63,86819,2455],{"class":448},[63,86821,3256],{"class":73},[63,86823,46975],{"class":3473},[63,86825,86254],{"class":86253},[63,86827,5996],{"class":73},[63,86829,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86843,86845,86847],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,86831,86758],{"class":86253},[63,86833,307],{"class":73},[63,86835,69813],{"class":181},[63,86837,74],{"class":73},[63,86839,2455],{"class":448},[63,86841,86842],{"class":452},"Another line",[63,86844,86771],{"class":34076},[63,86846,2455],{"class":448},[63,86848,397],{"class":73},[20,86850,68965,86851,86853],{},[15,86852,86608],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[49,86855,86857],{"id":86856},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86859,86860,21595,86862,307],{},[15,86861,86193],{},[833,86863,86318],{},[20,86865,86866],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,86868,86869,86874,86879],{},[33,86870,86871],{},[15,86872,86873],{},"file.read()",[33,86875,86876],{},[15,86877,86878],{},"file.write()",[33,86880,86881],{},[15,86882,86883],{},"file.close()",[20,86885,86886],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86888,1820],{},[54,86890,86892],{"className":56,"code":86891,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86893,86894,86936],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86895,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86897,86212],{"class":3473},[63,86899,86215],{"class":69},[63,86901,74],{"class":73},[63,86903,2455],{"class":448},[63,86905,86222],{"class":452},[63,86907,2455],{"class":448},[63,86909,102],{"class":73},[63,86911,1375],{"class":448},[63,86913,60124],{"class":452},[63,86915,2455],{"class":448},[63,86917,102],{"class":73},[63,86919,86237],{"class":8785},[63,86921,386],{"class":270},[63,86923,2455],{"class":448},[63,86925,86244],{"class":452},[63,86927,2455],{"class":448},[63,86929,3256],{"class":73},[63,86931,46975],{"class":3473},[63,86933,86254],{"class":86253},[63,86935,5996],{"class":73},[63,86937,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,86939,7677],{"class":69},[63,86941,74],{"class":73},[63,86943,418],{"class":417},[63,86945,74],{"class":73},[63,86947,86360],{"class":86253},[63,86949,86],{"class":73},[20,86951,29650],{},[54,86953,86955],{"className":56,"code":86954,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86956,86957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86958,86959,86961,86963,86965,86968,86970],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86960,441],{"class":270},[63,86962,445],{"class":444},[63,86964,449],{"class":448},[63,86966,86967],{"class":452},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[63,86969,456],{"class":448},[63,86971,459],{"class":270},[20,86973,86974,86975,86977],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86976,86193],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[49,86979,86981],{"id":86980},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86983,86984],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[54,86986,86987],{"className":56,"code":86205,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,86988,86989,87031,87045],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86990,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86992,86212],{"class":3473},[63,86994,86215],{"class":69},[63,86996,74],{"class":73},[63,86998,2455],{"class":448},[63,87000,86222],{"class":452},[63,87002,2455],{"class":448},[63,87004,102],{"class":73},[63,87006,1375],{"class":448},[63,87008,60124],{"class":452},[63,87010,2455],{"class":448},[63,87012,102],{"class":73},[63,87014,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87016,386],{"class":270},[63,87018,2455],{"class":448},[63,87020,86244],{"class":452},[63,87022,2455],{"class":448},[63,87024,3256],{"class":73},[63,87026,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87028,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87030,5996],{"class":73},[63,87032,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87034,86261],{"class":382},[63,87036,386],{"class":270},[63,87038,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87040,307],{"class":73},[63,87042,86270],{"class":181},[63,87044,8252],{"class":73},[63,87046,87047,87049,87051,87053],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,87048,7677],{"class":69},[63,87050,74],{"class":73},[63,87052,86281],{"class":181},[63,87054,397],{"class":73},[20,87056,87057],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87059,87060,87065,87071,87074],{},[33,87061,87062,87064],{},[15,87063,86212],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87066,87067,87068,87070],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87069,86348],{}," yourself",[33,87072,87073],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87075,87076],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87078,83370,87079,87081],{},[15,87080,86212],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[54,87083,87084],{"className":56,"code":86353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,87085,87086,87124,87138,87148],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87087,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87089,86360],{"class":86253},[63,87091,12893],{"class":270},[63,87093,86215],{"class":69},[63,87095,74],{"class":73},[63,87097,2455],{"class":448},[63,87099,86222],{"class":452},[63,87101,2455],{"class":448},[63,87103,102],{"class":73},[63,87105,1375],{"class":448},[63,87107,60124],{"class":452},[63,87109,2455],{"class":448},[63,87111,102],{"class":73},[63,87113,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87115,386],{"class":270},[63,87117,2455],{"class":448},[63,87119,86244],{"class":452},[63,87121,2455],{"class":448},[63,87123,397],{"class":73},[63,87125,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87127,86399],{"class":382},[63,87129,386],{"class":270},[63,87131,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87133,307],{"class":73},[63,87135,86270],{"class":181},[63,87137,8252],{"class":73},[63,87139,87140,87142,87144,87146],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,87141,70],{"class":69},[63,87143,74],{"class":73},[63,87145,86281],{"class":181},[63,87147,397],{"class":73},[63,87149,87150,87152,87154,87156],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,87151,86360],{"class":86253},[63,87153,307],{"class":73},[63,87155,86428],{"class":181},[63,87157,8252],{"class":73},[20,87159,87160],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[49,87162,87164],{"id":87163},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87166,87167,87168,87170],{},"Use mode ",[15,87169,86291],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1193,87172,87174],{"id":87173},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87176,87177,87179],{},[15,87178,86328],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[54,87181,87182],{"className":56,"code":86205,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,87183,87184,87226,87240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87185,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87187,86212],{"class":3473},[63,87189,86215],{"class":69},[63,87191,74],{"class":73},[63,87193,2455],{"class":448},[63,87195,86222],{"class":452},[63,87197,2455],{"class":448},[63,87199,102],{"class":73},[63,87201,1375],{"class":448},[63,87203,60124],{"class":452},[63,87205,2455],{"class":448},[63,87207,102],{"class":73},[63,87209,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87211,386],{"class":270},[63,87213,2455],{"class":448},[63,87215,86244],{"class":452},[63,87217,2455],{"class":448},[63,87219,3256],{"class":73},[63,87221,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87223,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87225,5996],{"class":73},[63,87227,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87229,86261],{"class":382},[63,87231,386],{"class":270},[63,87233,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87235,307],{"class":73},[63,87237,86270],{"class":181},[63,87239,8252],{"class":73},[63,87241,87242,87244,87246,87248],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,87243,7677],{"class":69},[63,87245,74],{"class":73},[63,87247,86281],{"class":181},[63,87249,397],{"class":73},[1193,87251,87253],{"id":87252},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87255,87256,87258],{},[15,87257,86333],{}," reads one line at a time.",[54,87260,87262],{"className":56,"code":87261,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87263,87264,87306,87322],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87265,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87267,86212],{"class":3473},[63,87269,86215],{"class":69},[63,87271,74],{"class":73},[63,87273,2455],{"class":448},[63,87275,86222],{"class":452},[63,87277,2455],{"class":448},[63,87279,102],{"class":73},[63,87281,1375],{"class":448},[63,87283,60124],{"class":452},[63,87285,2455],{"class":448},[63,87287,102],{"class":73},[63,87289,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87291,386],{"class":270},[63,87293,2455],{"class":448},[63,87295,86244],{"class":452},[63,87297,2455],{"class":448},[63,87299,3256],{"class":73},[63,87301,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87303,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87305,5996],{"class":73},[63,87307,87308,87311,87313,87315,87317,87320],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87309,87310],{"class":382},"    first_line ",[63,87312,386],{"class":270},[63,87314,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87316,307],{"class":73},[63,87318,87319],{"class":181},"readline",[63,87321,8252],{"class":73},[63,87323,87324,87326,87328,87331],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,87325,7677],{"class":69},[63,87327,74],{"class":73},[63,87329,87330],{"class":181},"first_line",[63,87332,397],{"class":73},[1193,87334,87336],{"id":87335},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87338,87339],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[54,87341,87343],{"className":56,"code":87342,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87344,87345,87387,87401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87346,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87348,86212],{"class":3473},[63,87350,86215],{"class":69},[63,87352,74],{"class":73},[63,87354,2455],{"class":448},[63,87356,86222],{"class":452},[63,87358,2455],{"class":448},[63,87360,102],{"class":73},[63,87362,1375],{"class":448},[63,87364,60124],{"class":452},[63,87366,2455],{"class":448},[63,87368,102],{"class":73},[63,87370,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87372,386],{"class":270},[63,87374,2455],{"class":448},[63,87376,86244],{"class":452},[63,87378,2455],{"class":448},[63,87380,3256],{"class":73},[63,87382,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87384,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87386,5996],{"class":73},[63,87388,87389,87392,87395,87397,87399],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87390,87391],{"class":3473},"    for",[63,87393,87394],{"class":382}," line ",[63,87396,3480],{"class":3473},[63,87398,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87400,5996],{"class":73},[63,87402,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,87404,46955],{"class":69},[63,87406,74],{"class":73},[63,87408,65],{"class":181},[63,87410,307],{"class":73},[63,87412,8243],{"class":181},[63,87414,6799],{"class":73},[20,87416,87417,87418,632,87422,307],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[303,87419,87421],{"href":87420},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[303,87423,87425],{"href":87424},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[49,87427,87429],{"id":87428},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87431,128,87432,87434],{},[15,87433,86608],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[54,87436,87438],{"className":56,"code":87437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87439,87440,87483,87504],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87441,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87443,86212],{"class":3473},[63,87445,86215],{"class":69},[63,87447,74],{"class":73},[63,87449,2455],{"class":448},[63,87451,87452],{"class":452},"output.txt",[63,87454,2455],{"class":448},[63,87456,102],{"class":73},[63,87458,1375],{"class":448},[63,87460,60107],{"class":452},[63,87462,2455],{"class":448},[63,87464,102],{"class":73},[63,87466,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87468,386],{"class":270},[63,87470,2455],{"class":448},[63,87472,86244],{"class":452},[63,87474,2455],{"class":448},[63,87476,3256],{"class":73},[63,87478,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87480,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87482,5996],{"class":73},[63,87484,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87498,87500,87502],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87486,86758],{"class":86253},[63,87488,307],{"class":73},[63,87490,69813],{"class":181},[63,87492,74],{"class":73},[63,87494,2455],{"class":448},[63,87496,87497],{"class":452},"First line",[63,87499,86771],{"class":34076},[63,87501,2455],{"class":448},[63,87503,397],{"class":73},[63,87505,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87519,87521,87523],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,87507,86758],{"class":86253},[63,87509,307],{"class":73},[63,87511,69813],{"class":181},[63,87513,74],{"class":73},[63,87515,2455],{"class":448},[63,87517,87518],{"class":452},"Second line",[63,87520,86771],{"class":34076},[63,87522,2455],{"class":448},[63,87524,397],{"class":73},[20,87526,128,87527,87529],{},[15,87528,17715],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[54,87531,87533],{"className":56,"code":87532,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87534,87535,87577],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87536,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87538,86212],{"class":3473},[63,87540,86215],{"class":69},[63,87542,74],{"class":73},[63,87544,2455],{"class":448},[63,87546,87452],{"class":452},[63,87548,2455],{"class":448},[63,87550,102],{"class":73},[63,87552,1375],{"class":448},[63,87554,303],{"class":452},[63,87556,2455],{"class":448},[63,87558,102],{"class":73},[63,87560,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87562,386],{"class":270},[63,87564,2455],{"class":448},[63,87566,86244],{"class":452},[63,87568,2455],{"class":448},[63,87570,3256],{"class":73},[63,87572,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87574,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87576,5996],{"class":73},[63,87578,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87592,87594,87596],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87580,86758],{"class":86253},[63,87582,307],{"class":73},[63,87584,69813],{"class":181},[63,87586,74],{"class":73},[63,87588,2455],{"class":448},[63,87590,87591],{"class":452},"Third line",[63,87593,86771],{"class":34076},[63,87595,2455],{"class":448},[63,87597,397],{"class":73},[20,87599,87600],{},"Important detail:",[30,87602,87603,87608,87615],{},[33,87604,87605,87607],{},[15,87606,86343],{}," writes a string",[33,87609,87610,13671,87612,87614],{},[15,87611,86343],{},[833,87613,973],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87616,87617,87618,87070],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87619,86771],{},[20,87621,87622,87623,632,87627,307],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[303,87624,87626],{"href":87625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[303,87628,87630],{"href":87629},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[49,87632,87634],{"id":87633},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87636,87637],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1193,87639,87641],{"id":87640},"encodingutf-8",[15,87642,86588],{},[20,87644,87645],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[54,87647,87649],{"className":56,"code":87648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87650,87651,87694],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87652,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87654,86212],{"class":3473},[63,87656,86215],{"class":69},[63,87658,74],{"class":73},[63,87660,2455],{"class":448},[63,87662,87663],{"class":452},"message.txt",[63,87665,2455],{"class":448},[63,87667,102],{"class":73},[63,87669,1375],{"class":448},[63,87671,60124],{"class":452},[63,87673,2455],{"class":448},[63,87675,102],{"class":73},[63,87677,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87679,386],{"class":270},[63,87681,2455],{"class":448},[63,87683,86244],{"class":452},[63,87685,2455],{"class":448},[63,87687,3256],{"class":73},[63,87689,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87691,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87693,5996],{"class":73},[63,87695,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87697,7677],{"class":69},[63,87699,74],{"class":73},[63,87701,86360],{"class":86253},[63,87703,307],{"class":73},[63,87705,86270],{"class":181},[63,87707,6799],{"class":73},[20,87709,87710],{},"Why it matters:",[30,87712,87713,87716,87719],{},[33,87714,87715],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,87717,87718],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,87720,87721],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1193,87723,87725],{"id":87724},"newline",[15,87726,87724],{},[20,87728,87729],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87731,87732],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1193,87734,87736],{"id":87735},"buffering",[15,87737,87735],{},[20,87739,87740],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87742,87743],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[49,87745,87747],{"id":87746},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87749,87750],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1193,87752,87754],{"id":87753},"filenotfounderror",[15,87755,87756],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87758,87759],{},"This happens when:",[30,87761,87762,87765,87768],{},[33,87763,87764],{},"the file does not exist",[33,87766,87767],{},"the path is wrong",[33,87769,87770],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87772,1820],{},[54,87774,87776],{"className":56,"code":87775,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87777,87778,87821],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87779,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87781,86212],{"class":3473},[63,87783,86215],{"class":69},[63,87785,74],{"class":73},[63,87787,2455],{"class":448},[63,87789,87790],{"class":452},"missing.txt",[63,87792,2455],{"class":448},[63,87794,102],{"class":73},[63,87796,1375],{"class":448},[63,87798,60124],{"class":452},[63,87800,2455],{"class":448},[63,87802,102],{"class":73},[63,87804,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87806,386],{"class":270},[63,87808,2455],{"class":448},[63,87810,86244],{"class":452},[63,87812,2455],{"class":448},[63,87814,3256],{"class":73},[63,87816,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87818,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87820,5996],{"class":73},[63,87822,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87824,7677],{"class":69},[63,87826,74],{"class":73},[63,87828,86360],{"class":86253},[63,87830,307],{"class":73},[63,87832,86270],{"class":181},[63,87834,6799],{"class":73},[20,87836,87837,87838,3993,87846,307],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[303,87839,87841,87842,87845],{"href":87840},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[63,87843,87844],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[303,87847,87849],{"href":87848},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1193,87851,87853],{"id":87852},"permissionerror",[15,87854,87855],{},"PermissionError",[20,87857,87858],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87860,87861],{},"Example causes:",[30,87863,87864,87867,87870],{},[33,87865,87866],{},"the file is protected",[33,87868,87869],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,87871,87872],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87874,87875,87876],{},"Related page: ",[303,87877,87879,87880,87883],{"href":87878},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[63,87881,87882],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1193,87885,87887],{"id":87886},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87888,87889],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87891,87892],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87894,1820],{},[54,87896,87898],{"className":56,"code":87897,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87899,87900,87943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87901,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87913,87915,87917,87919,87921,87923,87925,87927,87929,87931,87933,87935,87937,87939,87941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87903,86212],{"class":3473},[63,87905,86215],{"class":69},[63,87907,74],{"class":73},[63,87909,2455],{"class":448},[63,87911,87912],{"class":452},"my_folder",[63,87914,2455],{"class":448},[63,87916,102],{"class":73},[63,87918,1375],{"class":448},[63,87920,60124],{"class":452},[63,87922,2455],{"class":448},[63,87924,102],{"class":73},[63,87926,86237],{"class":8785},[63,87928,386],{"class":270},[63,87930,2455],{"class":448},[63,87932,86244],{"class":452},[63,87934,2455],{"class":448},[63,87936,3256],{"class":73},[63,87938,46975],{"class":3473},[63,87940,86254],{"class":86253},[63,87942,5996],{"class":73},[63,87944,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,87946,7677],{"class":69},[63,87948,74],{"class":73},[63,87950,86360],{"class":86253},[63,87952,307],{"class":73},[63,87954,86270],{"class":181},[63,87956,6799],{"class":73},[20,87958,87875,87959],{},[303,87960,87962,87963,87966],{"href":87961},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[63,87964,87965],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1193,87968,87970],{"id":87969},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87971,87972],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87974,87975,87976,307],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87977,86193],{},[20,87979,87875,87980],{},[303,87981,87983],{"href":87982},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[49,87985,87987],{"id":87986},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87989,87990,87991,87993],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87992,86193],{}," function.",[20,87995,87996],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,87998,87999,88002,88005,88011],{},[33,88000,88001],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88003,88004],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88006,88007,88008,88010],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88009,86193],{}," itself",[33,88012,88013,88014],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[303,88015,88017],{"href":88016},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[49,88019,1186],{"id":1185},[20,88021,88022,88023,2482],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88024,86193],{},[30,88026,88027,88032,88038,88043,88046,88049],{},[33,88028,311,88029,88031],{},[15,88030,86291],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88033,88034,88035,88037],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88036,86492],{}," for text files",[33,88039,311,88040,88042],{},[15,88041,86608],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88044,88045],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88047,88048],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88050,88051],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88053,88054],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[54,88056,88058],{"className":56,"code":88057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88059,88060,88067],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88061,88062,88064],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88063,34713],{"class":3473},[63,88065,88066],{"class":382}," os\n",[63,88068,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88080],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88070,70],{"class":69},[63,88072,74],{"class":73},[63,88074,42242],{"class":181},[63,88076,307],{"class":73},[63,88078,88079],{"class":181},"getcwd",[63,88081,6799],{"class":73},[20,88083,88084],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[54,88086,88088],{"className":56,"code":88087,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88089,88090,88096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88091,88092,88094],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88093,34713],{"class":3473},[63,88095,88066],{"class":382},[63,88097,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88109,88111,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88099,70],{"class":69},[63,88101,74],{"class":73},[63,88103,42242],{"class":181},[63,88105,307],{"class":73},[63,88107,88108],{"class":24370},"path",[63,88110,307],{"class":73},[63,88112,88113],{"class":181},"exists",[63,88115,74],{"class":73},[63,88117,2455],{"class":448},[63,88119,86222],{"class":452},[63,88121,2455],{"class":448},[63,88123,86],{"class":73},[20,88125,88126],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[54,88128,88130],{"className":56,"code":88129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88131,88132,88138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88133,88134,88136],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88135,34713],{"class":3473},[63,88137,88066],{"class":382},[63,88139,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150,88152,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88141,70],{"class":69},[63,88143,74],{"class":73},[63,88145,42242],{"class":181},[63,88147,307],{"class":73},[63,88149,88108],{"class":24370},[63,88151,307],{"class":73},[63,88153,88154],{"class":181},"isfile",[63,88156,74],{"class":73},[63,88158,2455],{"class":448},[63,88160,86222],{"class":452},[63,88162,2455],{"class":448},[63,88164,86],{"class":73},[20,88166,88167],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[54,88169,88171],{"className":56,"code":88170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88172,88173,88215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88174,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199,88201,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88176,86212],{"class":3473},[63,88178,86215],{"class":69},[63,88180,74],{"class":73},[63,88182,2455],{"class":448},[63,88184,86222],{"class":452},[63,88186,2455],{"class":448},[63,88188,102],{"class":73},[63,88190,1375],{"class":448},[63,88192,60124],{"class":452},[63,88194,2455],{"class":448},[63,88196,102],{"class":73},[63,88198,86237],{"class":8785},[63,88200,386],{"class":270},[63,88202,2455],{"class":448},[63,88204,86244],{"class":452},[63,88206,2455],{"class":448},[63,88208,3256],{"class":73},[63,88210,46975],{"class":3473},[63,88212,86254],{"class":86253},[63,88214,5996],{"class":73},[63,88216,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88218,7677],{"class":69},[63,88220,74],{"class":73},[63,88222,86360],{"class":86253},[63,88224,307],{"class":73},[63,88226,86270],{"class":181},[63,88228,6799],{"class":73},[20,88230,88231],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[49,88233,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,88235,88237],{"id":88236},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88239,88240],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1193,88242,88244],{"id":88243},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88246,88247,88248,88250],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88249,86212],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1193,88252,4781,88254,3993,88256,88258],{"id":88253},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88255,86608],{},[15,88257,17715],{}," mode?",[20,88260,88261,88263,88264,88266],{},[15,88262,86608],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88265,17715],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1193,88268,88270],{"id":88269},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88272,88273],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1193,88275,88277],{"id":88276},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88279,88280,88281,88283],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88282,86588],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[49,88285,1517],{"id":1516},[30,88287,88288,88292,88296,88300,88304,88308,88312,88318],{},[33,88289,88290],{},[303,88291,87421],{"href":87420},[33,88293,88294],{},[303,88295,87626],{"href":87625},[33,88297,88298],{},[303,88299,87630],{"href":87629},[33,88301,88302],{},[303,88303,87425],{"href":87424},[33,88305,88306],{},[303,88307,88017],{"href":88016},[33,88309,88310],{},[303,88311,87849],{"href":87848},[33,88313,88314],{},[303,88315,87841,88316,87845],{"href":87840},[63,88317,87844],{},[33,88319,88320],{},[303,88321,87879,88322,87883],{"href":87878},[63,88323,87882],{},[1542,88325,88326],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":88328},[88329,88330,88331,88332,88333,88334,88335,88340,88341,88346,88352,88353,88354,88362],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":86295,"depth":89,"text":86296},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":86592,"depth":89,"text":86593},{"id":86856,"depth":89,"text":86857},{"id":86980,"depth":89,"text":86981},{"id":87163,"depth":89,"text":87164,"children":88336},[88337,88338,88339],{"id":87173,"depth":254,"text":87174},{"id":87252,"depth":254,"text":87253},{"id":87335,"depth":254,"text":87336},{"id":87428,"depth":89,"text":87429},{"id":87633,"depth":89,"text":87634,"children":88342},[88343,88344,88345],{"id":87640,"depth":254,"text":86588},{"id":87724,"depth":254,"text":87724},{"id":87735,"depth":254,"text":87735},{"id":87746,"depth":89,"text":87747,"children":88347},[88348,88349,88350,88351],{"id":87753,"depth":254,"text":87756},{"id":87852,"depth":254,"text":87855},{"id":87886,"depth":254,"text":87889},{"id":87969,"depth":254,"text":87972},{"id":87986,"depth":89,"text":87987},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":88355},[88356,88357,88358,88360,88361],{"id":88236,"depth":254,"text":88237},{"id":88243,"depth":254,"text":88244},{"id":88253,"depth":254,"text":88359},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88269,"depth":254,"text":88270},{"id":88276,"depth":254,"text":88277},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86183,"description":88363},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88370,"title":88371,"body":88372,"description":90367,"extension":1580,"meta":90368,"navigation":579,"path":90369,"seo":90370,"stem":90371,"__hash__":90372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88373,"toc":90314},[88374,88379,88384,88390,88392,88460,88462,88481,88486,88491,88496,88499,88511,88513,88556,88558,88576,88587,88589,88591,88616,88618,88629,88631,88691,88693,88719,88722,88726,88731,88735,88738,88772,88776,88779,88804,88808,88831,88835,88868,88873,88877,88882,88885,88953,88955,88979,88984,88987,89018,89020,89052,89069,89073,89078,89102,89109,89114,89119,89122,89126,89161,89163,89172,89176,89267,89269,89300,89305,89312,89317,89326,89329,89363,89365,89379,89383,89424,89426,89435,89439,89487,89489,89503,89508,89519,89526,89532,89534,89569,89571,89585,89588,89610,89616,89645,89656,89662,89668,89682,89684,89763,89765,89815,89822,89824,89829,89833,89836,89851,89856,89858,89877,89883,89886,89901,89903,89921,89927,89932,89962,89965,89988,89991,90018,90025,90031,90039,90062,90067,90075,90077,90097,90101,90107,90157,90160,90182,90184,90190,90198,90204,90210,90218,90223,90227,90230,90253,90258,90265,90277,90279,90311],[10,88375,13,88377,18],{"id":88376},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88378,46070],{},[20,88380,31939,88381,88383],{},[15,88382,46070],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88385,88386,88387,88389],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88388,46070],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[49,88391,52],{"id":51},[54,88393,88395],{"className":56,"code":88394,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88396,88397,88409,88418,88422,88432,88442],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88398,88399,88401,88403,88405,88407],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88400,7484],{"class":382},[63,88402,386],{"class":270},[63,88404,1375],{"class":448},[63,88406,7529],{"class":452},[63,88408,1381],{"class":448},[63,88410,88411,88413,88415],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88412,21248],{"class":382},[63,88414,386],{"class":270},[63,88416,88417],{"class":82}," 12\n",[63,88419,88420],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,88421,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,88423,88424,88426,88428,88430],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,88425,70],{"class":69},[63,88427,74],{"class":73},[63,88429,7274],{"class":181},[63,88431,397],{"class":73},[63,88433,88434,88436,88438,88440],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,88435,70],{"class":69},[63,88437,74],{"class":73},[63,88439,8909],{"class":181},[63,88441,397],{"class":73},[63,88443,88444,88446,88448,88450,88452,88454,88456,88458],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,88445,70],{"class":69},[63,88447,74],{"class":73},[63,88449,2455],{"class":448},[63,88451,34489],{"class":452},[63,88453,2455],{"class":448},[63,88455,102],{"class":73},[63,88457,35615],{"class":181},[63,88459,397],{"class":73},[20,88461,110],{},[54,88463,88465],{"className":56,"code":88464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88466,88467,88472,88476],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88468,88469],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88470,88471],{"class":382},"Mia\n",[63,88473,88474],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88475,1836],{"class":82},[63,88477,88478],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,88479,88480],{"class":382},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88482,128,88483,88485],{},[15,88484,46070],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[49,88487,138,88489,141],{"id":88488},"what-print-does",[15,88490,46070],{},[20,88492,88493,88495],{},[15,88494,46070],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88497,88498],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88500,88501,88503,88505,88508],{},[33,88502,1396],{},[33,88504,3243],{},[33,88506,88507],{},"variables",[33,88509,88510],{},"expressions",[20,88512,1820],{},[54,88514,88516],{"className":56,"code":88515,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88517,88518,88532,88542],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88519,88520,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88521,70],{"class":69},[63,88523,74],{"class":73},[63,88525,2455],{"class":448},[63,88527,34489],{"class":452},[63,88529,2455],{"class":448},[63,88531,397],{"class":73},[63,88533,88534,88536,88538,88540],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88535,70],{"class":69},[63,88537,74],{"class":73},[63,88539,1750],{"class":82},[63,88541,397],{"class":73},[63,88543,88544,88546,88548,88550,88552,88554],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,88545,70],{"class":69},[63,88547,74],{"class":73},[63,88549,274],{"class":82},[63,88551,2058],{"class":270},[63,88553,518],{"class":82},[63,88555,397],{"class":73},[20,88557,110],{},[54,88559,88561],{"className":56,"code":88560,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88562,88563,88568,88572],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88564,88565],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88566,88567],{"class":382},"Hello\n",[63,88569,88570],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88571,369],{"class":82},[63,88573,88574],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,88575,369],{"class":82},[20,88577,88578,88579,88581,88582,88586],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88580,46070],{}," ",[833,88583,3286,88584],{},[15,88585,3373],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[49,88588,164],{"id":163},[20,88590,30346],{},[54,88592,88594],{"className":56,"code":88593,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88595,88596],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88597,88598,88600,88602,88605,88607,88610,88612,88614],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88599,70],{"class":69},[63,88601,74],{"class":73},[63,88603,88604],{"class":181},"object1",[63,88606,102],{"class":73},[63,88608,88609],{"class":181}," object2",[63,88611,102],{"class":73},[63,88613,34077],{"class":69},[63,88615,397],{"class":73},[20,88617,79821],{},[30,88619,88620,88623,88626],{},[33,88621,88622],{},"one value",[33,88624,88625],{},"many values",[33,88627,88628],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88630,1820],{},[54,88632,88634],{"className":56,"code":88633,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88635,88636,88650,88669],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88637,88638,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88639,70],{"class":69},[63,88641,74],{"class":73},[63,88643,2455],{"class":448},[63,88645,57386],{"class":452},[63,88647,2455],{"class":448},[63,88649,397],{"class":73},[63,88651,88652,88654,88656,88658,88661,88663,88665,88667],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88653,70],{"class":69},[63,88655,74],{"class":73},[63,88657,2455],{"class":448},[63,88659,88660],{"class":452},"Score:",[63,88662,2455],{"class":448},[63,88664,102],{"class":73},[63,88666,5607],{"class":82},[63,88668,397],{"class":73},[63,88670,88671,88673,88675,88677,88679,88681,88683,88685,88687,88689],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,88672,70],{"class":69},[63,88674,74],{"class":73},[63,88676,2455],{"class":448},[63,88678,45181],{"class":452},[63,88680,2455],{"class":448},[63,88682,102],{"class":73},[63,88684,2061],{"class":82},[63,88686,2058],{"class":270},[63,88688,37269],{"class":82},[63,88690,397],{"class":73},[20,88692,110],{},[54,88694,88696],{"className":56,"code":88695,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88697,88698,88702,88711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88699,88700],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88701,84974],{"class":382},[63,88703,88704,88707,88709],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88705,88706],{"class":382},"Score",[63,88708,2482],{"class":73},[63,88710,2190],{"class":82},[63,88712,88713,88715,88717],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,88714,45221],{"class":382},[63,88716,2482],{"class":73},[63,88718,2190],{"class":82},[20,88720,88721],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[49,88723,88725],{"id":88724},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88727,88728,88729,307],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88730,46070],{},[1193,88732,88734],{"id":88733},"print-text","Print text",[20,88736,88737],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[54,88739,88741],{"className":56,"code":88740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88742,88743,88757],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88744,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88746,70],{"class":69},[63,88748,74],{"class":73},[63,88750,2455],{"class":448},[63,88752,34489],{"class":452},[63,88754,2455],{"class":448},[63,88756,397],{"class":73},[63,88758,88759,88761,88763,88765,88768,88770],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88760,70],{"class":69},[63,88762,74],{"class":73},[63,88764,2455],{"class":448},[63,88766,88767],{"class":452},"Python is fun",[63,88769,2455],{"class":448},[63,88771,397],{"class":73},[1193,88773,88775],{"id":88774},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88777,88778],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[54,88780,88782],{"className":56,"code":88781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88783,88784,88794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88785,88786,88788,88790,88792],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88787,70],{"class":69},[63,88789,74],{"class":73},[63,88791,1750],{"class":82},[63,88793,397],{"class":73},[63,88795,88796,88798,88800,88802],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88797,70],{"class":69},[63,88799,74],{"class":73},[63,88801,1378],{"class":82},[63,88803,397],{"class":73},[1193,88805,88807],{"id":88806},"print-variables","Print variables",[54,88809,88811],{"className":56,"code":88810,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88812,88813,88821],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88814,88815,88817,88819],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88816,4697],{"class":382},[63,88818,386],{"class":270},[63,88820,13748],{"class":82},[63,88822,88823,88825,88827,88829],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88824,70],{"class":69},[63,88826,74],{"class":73},[63,88828,85138],{"class":181},[63,88830,397],{"class":73},[1193,88832,88834],{"id":88833},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[54,88836,88838],{"className":56,"code":88837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88839,88840,88854],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88841,88842,88844,88846,88848,88850,88852],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88843,70],{"class":69},[63,88845,74],{"class":73},[63,88847,274],{"class":82},[63,88849,2058],{"class":270},[63,88851,518],{"class":82},[63,88853,397],{"class":73},[63,88855,88856,88858,88860,88862,88864,88866],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88857,70],{"class":69},[63,88859,74],{"class":73},[63,88861,1940],{"class":82},[63,88863,82450],{"class":270},[63,88865,2061],{"class":82},[63,88867,397],{"class":73},[20,88869,88870,88871,307],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[303,88872,50592],{"href":50591},[49,88874,88876],{"id":88875},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88878,88879,88881],{},[15,88880,46070],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88883,88884],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[54,88886,88888],{"className":56,"code":88887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88889,88890,88903,88911,88915,88934],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88891,88892,88894,88896,88898,88901],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88893,7484],{"class":382},[63,88895,386],{"class":270},[63,88897,1375],{"class":448},[63,88899,88900],{"class":452},"Ava",[63,88902,1381],{"class":448},[63,88904,88905,88907,88909],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88906,21248],{"class":382},[63,88908,386],{"class":270},[63,88910,2190],{"class":82},[63,88912,88913],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,88914,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,88916,88917,88919,88921,88923,88926,88928,88930,88932],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,88918,70],{"class":69},[63,88920,74],{"class":73},[63,88922,2455],{"class":448},[63,88924,88925],{"class":452},"Name:",[63,88927,2455],{"class":448},[63,88929,102],{"class":73},[63,88931,35615],{"class":181},[63,88933,397],{"class":73},[63,88935,88936,88938,88940,88942,88945,88947,88949,88951],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,88937,70],{"class":69},[63,88939,74],{"class":73},[63,88941,2455],{"class":448},[63,88943,88944],{"class":452},"Age:",[63,88946,2455],{"class":448},[63,88948,102],{"class":73},[63,88950,8798],{"class":181},[63,88952,397],{"class":73},[20,88954,110],{},[54,88956,88958],{"className":56,"code":88957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88959,88960,88970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88961,88962,88965,88967],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88963,88964],{"class":382},"Name",[63,88966,2482],{"class":73},[63,88968,88969],{"class":382}," Ava\n",[63,88971,88972,88975,88977],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,88973,88974],{"class":382},"Age",[63,88976,2482],{"class":73},[63,88978,2190],{"class":82},[20,88980,88981,88982,307],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88983,1675],{},[20,88985,88986],{},"For example, this works:",[54,88988,88990],{"className":56,"code":88989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88991,88992,89000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88993,88994,88996,88998],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88995,21248],{"class":382},[63,88997,386],{"class":270},[63,88999,2190],{"class":82},[63,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012,89014,89016],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89003,70],{"class":69},[63,89005,74],{"class":73},[63,89007,2455],{"class":448},[63,89009,88944],{"class":452},[63,89011,2455],{"class":448},[63,89013,102],{"class":73},[63,89015,8798],{"class":181},[63,89017,397],{"class":73},[20,89019,36551],{},[54,89021,89023],{"className":56,"code":89022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89024,89025,89033],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89026,89027,89029,89031],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89028,21248],{"class":382},[63,89030,386],{"class":270},[63,89032,2190],{"class":82},[63,89034,89035,89037,89039,89041,89044,89046,89048,89050],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89036,70],{"class":69},[63,89038,74],{"class":73},[63,89040,2455],{"class":448},[63,89042,89043],{"class":452},"Age: ",[63,89045,2455],{"class":448},[63,89047,2058],{"class":270},[63,89049,8798],{"class":181},[63,89051,397],{"class":73},[20,89053,89054,89055,89058,89059,89061,89062,89064,89065,307],{},"That fails because ",[15,89056,89057],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89060,8909],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89063,1675],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[303,89066,89067],{"href":41792},[15,89068,47300],{},[49,89070,89072],{"id":89071},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89074,89075,89077],{},[15,89076,46070],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89079,89080,89086,89091,89096],{},[33,89081,89082,89085],{},[15,89083,89084],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89087,89088,89090],{},[15,89089,52277],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89092,89093,89095],{},[15,89094,86360],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89097,89098,89101],{},[15,89099,89100],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89103,89104,89105,3993,89107,307],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89106,89084],{},[15,89108,52277],{},[49,89110,89112,36240],{"id":89111},"sep-argument",[15,89113,89084],{},[20,89115,1597,89116,89118],{},[15,89117,89084],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89120,89121],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1193,89123,89125],{"id":89124},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[54,89127,89129],{"className":56,"code":89128,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89130,89131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89132,89133,89135,89137,89139,89141,89143,89145,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89157,89159],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89134,70],{"class":69},[63,89136,74],{"class":73},[63,89138,2455],{"class":448},[63,89140,12709],{"class":452},[63,89142,2455],{"class":448},[63,89144,102],{"class":73},[63,89146,1375],{"class":448},[63,89148,17074],{"class":452},[63,89150,2455],{"class":448},[63,89152,102],{"class":73},[63,89154,1375],{"class":448},[63,89156,12726],{"class":452},[63,89158,2455],{"class":448},[63,89160,397],{"class":73},[20,89162,110],{},[54,89164,89166],{"className":56,"code":89165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red green blue\n",[15,89167,89168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89169,89170],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89171,89165],{"class":382},[1193,89173,89175],{"id":89174},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[54,89177,89179],{"className":56,"code":89178,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89180,89181,89224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89182,89183,89185,89187,89189,89191,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89184,70],{"class":69},[63,89186,74],{"class":73},[63,89188,2455],{"class":448},[63,89190,12709],{"class":452},[63,89192,2455],{"class":448},[63,89194,102],{"class":73},[63,89196,1375],{"class":448},[63,89198,17074],{"class":452},[63,89200,2455],{"class":448},[63,89202,102],{"class":73},[63,89204,1375],{"class":448},[63,89206,12726],{"class":452},[63,89208,2455],{"class":448},[63,89210,102],{"class":73},[63,89212,89213],{"class":8785}," sep",[63,89215,386],{"class":270},[63,89217,2455],{"class":448},[63,89219,102],{"class":452},[63,89221,2455],{"class":448},[63,89223,397],{"class":73},[63,89225,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234,89236,89238,89240,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256,89258,89260,89263,89265],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89227,70],{"class":69},[63,89229,74],{"class":73},[63,89231,2455],{"class":448},[63,89233,12709],{"class":452},[63,89235,2455],{"class":448},[63,89237,102],{"class":73},[63,89239,1375],{"class":448},[63,89241,17074],{"class":452},[63,89243,2455],{"class":448},[63,89245,102],{"class":73},[63,89247,1375],{"class":448},[63,89249,12726],{"class":452},[63,89251,2455],{"class":448},[63,89253,102],{"class":73},[63,89255,89213],{"class":8785},[63,89257,386],{"class":270},[63,89259,2455],{"class":448},[63,89261,89262],{"class":452}," - ",[63,89264,2455],{"class":448},[63,89266,397],{"class":73},[20,89268,110],{},[54,89270,89272],{"className":56,"code":89271,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89273,89274,89286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89275,89276,89278,89280,89282,89284],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89277,12709],{"class":382},[63,89279,102],{"class":73},[63,89281,17074],{"class":382},[63,89283,102],{"class":73},[63,89285,69599],{"class":382},[63,89287,89288,89291,89293,89296,89298],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89289,89290],{"class":382},"red ",[63,89292,1639],{"class":270},[63,89294,89295],{"class":382}," green ",[63,89297,1639],{"class":270},[63,89299,35504],{"class":382},[20,89301,89302,89304],{},[15,89303,89084],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89306,89307,89308,307],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[303,89309,89311],{"href":89310},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[49,89313,89315,36240],{"id":89314},"end-argument",[15,89316,52277],{},[20,89318,89319,89320,89322,89323,89325],{},"By default, ",[15,89321,46070],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89324,46070],{}," starts on a new line.",[1193,89327,89125],{"id":89328},"default-behavior-1",[54,89330,89332],{"className":56,"code":89331,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89333,89334,89348],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89335,89336,89338,89340,89342,89344,89346],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89337,70],{"class":69},[63,89339,74],{"class":73},[63,89341,2455],{"class":448},[63,89343,34489],{"class":452},[63,89345,2455],{"class":448},[63,89347,397],{"class":73},[63,89349,89350,89352,89354,89356,89359,89361],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89351,70],{"class":69},[63,89353,74],{"class":73},[63,89355,2455],{"class":448},[63,89357,89358],{"class":452},"World",[63,89360,2455],{"class":448},[63,89362,397],{"class":73},[20,89364,110],{},[54,89366,89368],{"className":56,"code":89367,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89369,89370,89374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89371,89372],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89373,88567],{"class":382},[63,89375,89376],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89377,89378],{"class":382},"World\n",[1193,89380,89382],{"id":89381},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[54,89384,89386],{"className":56,"code":89385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89387,89388,89410],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89389,89390,89392,89394,89396,89398,89400,89402,89404,89406,89408],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89391,70],{"class":69},[63,89393,74],{"class":73},[63,89395,2455],{"class":448},[63,89397,34489],{"class":452},[63,89399,2455],{"class":448},[63,89401,102],{"class":73},[63,89403,64660],{"class":8785},[63,89405,386],{"class":270},[63,89407,5875],{"class":448},[63,89409,397],{"class":73},[63,89411,89412,89414,89416,89418,89420,89422],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89413,70],{"class":69},[63,89415,74],{"class":73},[63,89417,2455],{"class":448},[63,89419,89358],{"class":452},[63,89421,2455],{"class":448},[63,89423,397],{"class":73},[20,89425,110],{},[54,89427,89429],{"className":56,"code":89428,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89430,89431],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89432,89433],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89434,89428],{"class":382},[1193,89436,89438],{"id":89437},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[54,89440,89442],{"className":56,"code":89441,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89443,89444,89473],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89445,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89467,89469,89471],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89447,70],{"class":69},[63,89449,74],{"class":73},[63,89451,2455],{"class":448},[63,89453,34489],{"class":452},[63,89455,2455],{"class":448},[63,89457,102],{"class":73},[63,89459,64660],{"class":8785},[63,89461,386],{"class":270},[63,89463,2455],{"class":448},[63,89465,89466],{"class":452},"!",[63,89468,86771],{"class":34076},[63,89470,2455],{"class":448},[63,89472,397],{"class":73},[63,89474,89475,89477,89479,89481,89483,89485],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89476,70],{"class":69},[63,89478,74],{"class":73},[63,89480,2455],{"class":448},[63,89482,89358],{"class":452},[63,89484,2455],{"class":448},[63,89486,397],{"class":73},[20,89488,110],{},[54,89490,89492],{"className":56,"code":89491,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89493,89494,89499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89495,89496],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89497,89498],{"class":382},"Hello!\n",[63,89500,89501],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89502,89378],{"class":382},[20,89504,1597,89505,89507],{},[15,89506,52277],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89509,89510,89513,89516],{},[33,89511,89512],{},"progress messages",[33,89514,89515],{},"inline output",[33,89517,89518],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[49,89520,89522,2004,89524],{"id":89521},"print-returns-none",[15,89523,46070],{},[15,89525,3373],{},[20,89527,89528,89529,89531],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89530,46070],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89533,1820],{},[54,89535,89537],{"className":56,"code":89536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89538,89539,89559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89540,89541,89543,89545,89548,89550,89552,89555,89557],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89542,383],{"class":382},[63,89544,386],{"class":270},[63,89546,89547],{"class":69}," print",[63,89549,74],{"class":73},[63,89551,2455],{"class":448},[63,89553,89554],{"class":452},"Hi",[63,89556,2455],{"class":448},[63,89558,397],{"class":73},[63,89560,89561,89563,89565,89567],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89562,70],{"class":69},[63,89564,74],{"class":73},[63,89566,406],{"class":181},[63,89568,397],{"class":73},[20,89570,110],{},[54,89572,89574],{"className":56,"code":89573,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89575,89576,89581],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89577,89578],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89579,89580],{"class":382},"Hi\n",[63,89582,89583],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89584,11423],{"class":3448},[20,89586,89587],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89589,89590,89598,89603],{},[33,89591,89592,89595,89596],{},[15,89593,89594],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89597,89554],{},[33,89599,89600,89601],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89602,3373],{},[33,89604,89605,89606,11535,89608],{},"so ",[15,89607,406],{},[15,89609,3373],{},[20,89611,89612,89613,89615],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89614,46070],{}," call.",[54,89617,89619],{"className":56,"code":89618,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89620,89621,89634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89622,89623,89626,89628,89630,89632],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89624,89625],{"class":382},"message ",[63,89627,386],{"class":270},[63,89629,1375],{"class":448},[63,89631,89554],{"class":452},[63,89633,1381],{"class":448},[63,89635,89636,89638,89640,89643],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89637,70],{"class":69},[63,89639,74],{"class":73},[63,89641,89642],{"class":181},"message",[63,89644,397],{"class":73},[20,89646,89647,89648,89650,89651,89655],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89649,46070],{}," with functions like ",[303,89652,89653],{"href":7828},[15,89654,2555],{},", which do return a value.",[49,89657,89659,89660],{"id":89658},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89661,46070],{},[20,89663,89664,89665,89667],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89666,46070],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,89669,89670,89673,89676,89679],{},[33,89671,89672],{},"to display results to the user",[33,89674,89675],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,89677,89678],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,89680,89681],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89683,1820],{},[54,89685,89687],{"className":56,"code":89686,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89688,89689,89697,89701,89721,89732],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89690,89691,89693,89695],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89692,40799],{"class":382},[63,89694,386],{"class":270},[63,89696,38139],{"class":82},[63,89698,89699],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89700,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,89702,89703,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,89704,5560],{"class":3473},[63,89706,5989],{"class":382},[63,89708,3480],{"class":3473},[63,89710,53687],{"class":69},[63,89712,74],{"class":73},[63,89714,674],{"class":82},[63,89716,102],{"class":73},[63,89718,2061],{"class":82},[63,89720,7951],{"class":73},[63,89722,89723,89726,89729],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,89724,89725],{"class":382},"    total ",[63,89727,89728],{"class":270},"+=",[63,89730,89731],{"class":382}," number\n",[63,89733,89734,89736,89738,89740,89743,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759,89761],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,89735,7677],{"class":69},[63,89737,74],{"class":73},[63,89739,2455],{"class":448},[63,89741,89742],{"class":452},"Current number:",[63,89744,2455],{"class":448},[63,89746,102],{"class":73},[63,89748,1809],{"class":181},[63,89750,102],{"class":73},[63,89752,1375],{"class":448},[63,89754,45181],{"class":452},[63,89756,2455],{"class":448},[63,89758,102],{"class":73},[63,89760,45188],{"class":181},[63,89762,397],{"class":73},[20,89764,110],{},[54,89766,89768],{"className":56,"code":89767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89769,89770,89786,89800],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89771,89772,89775,89777,89779,89782,89784],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89773,89774],{"class":382},"Current number",[63,89776,2482],{"class":73},[63,89778,249],{"class":82},[63,89780,89781],{"class":382}," Total",[63,89783,2482],{"class":73},[63,89785,29235],{"class":82},[63,89787,89788,89790,89792,89794,89796,89798],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89789,89774],{"class":382},[63,89791,2482],{"class":73},[63,89793,105],{"class":82},[63,89795,89781],{"class":382},[63,89797,2482],{"class":73},[63,89799,2180],{"class":82},[63,89801,89802,89804,89806,89808,89810,89812],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,89803,89774],{"class":382},[63,89805,2482],{"class":73},[63,89807,518],{"class":82},[63,89809,89781],{"class":382},[63,89811,2482],{"class":73},[63,89813,89814],{"class":82}," 6\n",[20,89816,89817,89818,307],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[303,89819,89821],{"href":89820},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[49,89823,1186],{"id":1185},[20,89825,89826,89827,307],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89828,46070],{},[1193,89830,89832],{"id":89831},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89834,89835],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[54,89837,89839],{"className":56,"code":89838,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89840,89841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89842,89843,89845,89847,89849],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89844,70],{"class":69},[63,89846,74],{"class":73},[63,89848,34489],{"class":181},[63,89850,397],{"class":73},[20,89852,8485,89853,89855],{},[15,89854,34489],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89857,10419],{},[54,89859,89861],{"className":56,"code":89860,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89862,89863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89864,89865,89867,89869,89871,89873,89875],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89866,70],{"class":69},[63,89868,74],{"class":73},[63,89870,2455],{"class":448},[63,89872,34489],{"class":452},[63,89874,2455],{"class":448},[63,89876,397],{"class":73},[1193,89878,311,89880,89882],{"id":89879},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89881,70],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89884,89885],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[54,89887,89889],{"className":56,"code":89888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89890,89891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89892,89893,89895,89897,89899],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89894,70],{"class":69},[63,89896,1375],{"class":448},[63,89898,34489],{"class":452},[63,89900,1381],{"class":448},[20,89902,10419],{},[54,89904,89905],{"className":56,"code":89860,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,89906,89907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89908,89909,89911,89913,89915,89917,89919],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89910,70],{"class":69},[63,89912,74],{"class":73},[63,89914,2455],{"class":448},[63,89916,34489],{"class":452},[63,89918,2455],{"class":448},[63,89920,397],{"class":73},[1193,89922,89924,89925],{"id":89923},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89926,1675],{},[20,89928,89929,89930,307],{},"This causes a ",[15,89931,2602],{},[54,89933,89934],{"className":56,"code":89022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,89935,89936,89944],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89937,89938,89940,89942],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89939,21248],{"class":382},[63,89941,386],{"class":270},[63,89943,2190],{"class":82},[63,89945,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954,89956,89958,89960],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,89947,70],{"class":69},[63,89949,74],{"class":73},[63,89951,2455],{"class":448},[63,89953,89043],{"class":452},[63,89955,2455],{"class":448},[63,89957,2058],{"class":270},[63,89959,8798],{"class":181},[63,89961,397],{"class":73},[20,89963,89964],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[54,89966,89968],{"className":56,"code":89967,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89969,89970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89971,89972,89974,89976,89978,89980,89982,89984,89986],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89973,70],{"class":69},[63,89975,74],{"class":73},[63,89977,2455],{"class":448},[63,89979,88944],{"class":452},[63,89981,2455],{"class":448},[63,89983,102],{"class":73},[63,89985,8798],{"class":181},[63,89987,397],{"class":73},[20,89989,89990],{},"Or convert the number first:",[54,89992,89994],{"className":56,"code":89993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89995,89996],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89997,89998,90000,90002,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89999,70],{"class":69},[63,90001,74],{"class":73},[63,90003,2455],{"class":448},[63,90005,89043],{"class":452},[63,90007,2455],{"class":448},[63,90009,2058],{"class":270},[63,90011,48519],{"class":417},[63,90013,74],{"class":73},[63,90015,8909],{"class":181},[63,90017,86],{"class":73},[20,90019,90020,90021,307],{},"If you see this error, read ",[303,90022,90024],{"href":90023},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1193,90026,1196,90028,90030],{"id":90027},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90029,46070],{}," to return a value",[20,90032,90033,90034,34952,90037,2482],{},"This does not store ",[15,90035,90036],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90038,406],{},[54,90040,90042],{"className":56,"code":90041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90043,90044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90045,90046,90048,90050,90052,90054,90056,90058,90060],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90047,383],{"class":382},[63,90049,386],{"class":270},[63,90051,89547],{"class":69},[63,90053,74],{"class":73},[63,90055,2455],{"class":448},[63,90057,34489],{"class":452},[63,90059,2455],{"class":448},[63,90061,397],{"class":73},[20,90063,90064,90065,307],{},"It stores ",[15,90066,3373],{},[1193,90068,90070,90071,3993,90073],{"id":90069},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90072,89084],{},[15,90074,52277],{},[20,90076,85430],{},[30,90078,90079,90088],{},[33,90080,90081,90083,90084,90087],{},[15,90082,89084],{}," changes what goes ",[833,90085,90086],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90089,90090,90092,90093,90096],{},[15,90091,52277],{}," changes what appears ",[833,90094,90095],{},"after"," the output",[49,90098,90100],{"id":90099},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90102,90103,90104,90106],{},"These simple ",[15,90105,46070],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[54,90108,90110],{"className":56,"code":90109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90111,90112,90132,90147],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90113,90114,90116,90118,90120,90123,90125,90127,90130],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90115,70],{"class":69},[63,90117,74],{"class":73},[63,90119,2455],{"class":448},[63,90121,90122],{"class":452},"Debug:",[63,90124,2455],{"class":448},[63,90126,102],{"class":73},[63,90128,90129],{"class":181}," variable_name",[63,90131,397],{"class":73},[63,90133,90134,90136,90138,90140,90142,90145],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,90135,70],{"class":69},[63,90137,74],{"class":73},[63,90139,418],{"class":417},[63,90141,74],{"class":73},[63,90143,90144],{"class":181},"variable_name",[63,90146,86],{"class":73},[63,90148,90149,90151,90153,90155],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,90150,31774],{"class":69},[63,90152,74],{"class":73},[63,90154,70],{"class":69},[63,90156,397],{"class":73},[20,90158,90159],{},"What they do:",[30,90161,90162,90168,90174],{},[33,90163,90164,90167],{},[15,90165,90166],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90169,90170,90173],{},[15,90171,90172],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90175,90176,90179,90180],{},[15,90177,90178],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90181,46070],{},[49,90183,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,90185,1459,90187,90189],{"id":90186},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90188,46070],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90191,90192,90193,90195,90196,36246],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90194,46070],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90197,52277],{},[1193,90199,1482,90201,90203],{"id":90200},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90202,46070],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90205,90206,90207,90209],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90208,46070],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1193,90211,4760,90213,4763,90216,1506],{"id":90212},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90214,90215],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90217,3373],{},[20,90219,28681,90220,90222],{},[15,90221,46070],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1193,90224,90226],{"id":90225},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90228,90229],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[54,90231,90233],{"className":56,"code":90232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90234,90235],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90236,90237,90239,90241,90243,90245,90247,90249,90251],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90238,70],{"class":69},[63,90240,74],{"class":73},[63,90242,2455],{"class":448},[63,90244,88944],{"class":452},[63,90246,2455],{"class":448},[63,90248,102],{"class":73},[63,90250,5607],{"class":82},[63,90252,397],{"class":73},[20,90254,90255,90256,39556],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90257,47300],{},[1193,90259,4781,90261,3993,90263,1506],{"id":90260},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90262,89084],{},[15,90264,52277],{},[30,90266,90267,90272],{},[33,90268,90269,90271],{},[15,90270,89084],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90273,90274,90276],{},[15,90275,52277],{}," changes what appears after the output",[49,90278,1517],{"id":1516},[30,90280,90281,90285,90291,90297,90302,90307],{},[33,90282,90283],{},[303,90284,50592],{"href":50591},[33,90286,90287],{},[303,90288,13,90289,469],{"href":7828},[15,90290,2555],{},[33,90292,90293],{},[303,90294,13,90295,469],{"href":41792},[15,90296,47300],{},[33,90298,90299],{},[303,90300,90301],{"href":89310},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90303,90304],{},[303,90305,90306],{"href":89820},"How to debug Python code",[33,90308,90309],{},[303,90310,90024],{"href":90023},[1542,90312,90313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":90315},[90316,90317,90319,90320,90326,90327,90328,90333,90339,90341,90343,90354,90355,90366],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":88488,"depth":89,"text":90318},"What print() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":88724,"depth":89,"text":88725,"children":90321},[90322,90323,90324,90325],{"id":88733,"depth":254,"text":88734},{"id":88774,"depth":254,"text":88775},{"id":88806,"depth":254,"text":88807},{"id":88833,"depth":254,"text":88834},{"id":88875,"depth":89,"text":88876},{"id":89071,"depth":89,"text":89072},{"id":89111,"depth":89,"text":90329,"children":90330},"sep argument",[90331,90332],{"id":89124,"depth":254,"text":89125},{"id":89174,"depth":254,"text":89175},{"id":89314,"depth":89,"text":90334,"children":90335},"end argument",[90336,90337,90338],{"id":89328,"depth":254,"text":89125},{"id":89381,"depth":254,"text":89382},{"id":89437,"depth":254,"text":89438},{"id":89521,"depth":89,"text":90340},"print() returns None",{"id":89658,"depth":89,"text":90342},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":90344},[90345,90346,90348,90350,90352],{"id":89831,"depth":254,"text":89832},{"id":89879,"depth":254,"text":90347},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89923,"depth":254,"text":90349},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90027,"depth":254,"text":90351},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90069,"depth":254,"text":90353},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90099,"depth":89,"text":90100},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":90356},[90357,90359,90361,90363,90364],{"id":90186,"depth":254,"text":90358},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90200,"depth":254,"text":90360},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90212,"depth":254,"text":90362},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90225,"depth":254,"text":90226},{"id":90260,"depth":254,"text":90365},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88371,"description":90367},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90374,"title":90375,"body":90376,"description":92680,"extension":1580,"meta":92681,"navigation":579,"path":92682,"seo":92683,"stem":92684,"__hash__":92685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90377,"toc":92626},[90378,90383,90388,90401,90403,90468,90479,90484,90489,90491,90514,90517,90548,90550,90567,90572,90578,90583,90632,90635,90652,90658,90663,90686,90688,90716,90722,90730,90757,90759,90784,90790,90793,90824,90826,90855,90859,90862,90867,90889,90891,90919,90925,90931,90957,90959,90983,90989,90995,91025,91027,91055,91065,91069,91075,91108,91110,91139,91142,91145,91178,91180,91188,91194,91196,91219,91224,91233,91238,91252,91254,91294,91296,91326,91330,91365,91371,91375,91419,91421,91451,91457,91460,91539,91541,91563,91571,91574,91637,91645,91720,91726,91733,91738,91743,91766,91768,91789,91791,91804,91806,91853,91855,91894,91903,91905,91909,91913,91916,91943,91946,91975,91978,92002,92005,92013,92019,92041,92043,92071,92075,92080,92135,92140,92142,92199,92206,92215,92218,92250,92252,92260,92263,92269,92271,92294,92297,92303,92306,92325,92327,92346,92349,92371,92373,92401,92405,92409,92514,92516,92529,92531,92537,92540,92548,92553,92559,92565,92570,92578,92584,92591,92593,92623],[10,90379,13,90381,18],{"id":90380},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90382,35822],{},[20,90384,31939,90385,90387],{},[15,90386,35822],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90389,90390,90391,90393,90394,90396,90397,90400],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90392,5560],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90395,35822],{}," stops ",[833,90398,90399],{},"before"," the end value.",[49,90402,52],{"id":51},[54,90404,90406],{"className":56,"code":90405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90407,90408,90424,90434,90438,90443,90448,90453,90458,90463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90409,90410,90412,90414,90416,90418,90420,90422],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90411,5560],{"class":3473},[63,90413,69166],{"class":382},[63,90415,3480],{"class":3473},[63,90417,53687],{"class":69},[63,90419,74],{"class":73},[63,90421,1750],{"class":82},[63,90423,7951],{"class":73},[63,90425,90426,90428,90430,90432],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,90427,7677],{"class":69},[63,90429,74],{"class":73},[63,90431,35778],{"class":181},[63,90433,397],{"class":73},[63,90435,90436],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,90437,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,90439,90440],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,90441,90442],{"class":1357},"# Output:\n",[63,90444,90445],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,90446,90447],{"class":1357},"# 0\n",[63,90449,90450],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,90451,90452],{"class":1357},"# 1\n",[63,90454,90455],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,90456,90457],{"class":1357},"# 2\n",[63,90459,90460],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,90461,90462],{"class":1357},"# 3\n",[63,90464,90465],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,90466,90467],{"class":1357},"# 4\n",[20,90469,90470,90473,90474,90476,90477,307],{},[15,90471,90472],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90475,1734],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90478,1750],{},[49,90480,138,90482,141],{"id":90481},"what-range-does",[15,90483,35822],{},[20,90485,90486,90488],{},[15,90487,35822],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90490,12668],{},[30,90492,90493,90498,90504,90509],{},[33,90494,90495,90497],{},[15,90496,35822],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90499,90500,90501,90503],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90502,5560],{}," loops",[33,90505,90506,90507],{},"The stop value is ",[833,90508,64689],{},[33,90510,17040,90511,90513],{},[15,90512,59617],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90515,90516],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[54,90518,90520],{"className":56,"code":90519,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90521,90522,90538],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90523,90524,90526,90528,90530,90532,90534,90536],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90525,5560],{"class":3473},[63,90527,5989],{"class":382},[63,90529,3480],{"class":3473},[63,90531,53687],{"class":69},[63,90533,74],{"class":73},[63,90535,715],{"class":82},[63,90537,7951],{"class":73},[63,90539,90540,90542,90544,90546],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,90541,7677],{"class":69},[63,90543,74],{"class":73},[63,90545,182],{"class":181},[63,90547,397],{"class":73},[20,90549,110],{},[54,90551,90553],{"className":56,"code":90552,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90554,90555,90559,90563],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90556,90557],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90558,46869],{"class":82},[63,90560,90561],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,90562,46534],{"class":82},[63,90564,90565],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,90566,824],{"class":82},[20,90568,90569,90570,307],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[303,90571,35652],{"href":35651},[49,90573,90575,90577],{"id":90574},"range-syntax",[15,90576,35822],{}," syntax",[20,90579,90580,90582],{},[15,90581,35822],{}," has three common forms:",[54,90584,90586],{"className":56,"code":90585,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90587,90588,90598,90613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90589,90590,90592,90594,90596],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90591,59617],{"class":69},[63,90593,74],{"class":73},[63,90595,75044],{"class":181},[63,90597,397],{"class":73},[63,90599,90600,90602,90604,90606,90608,90611],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,90601,59617],{"class":69},[63,90603,74],{"class":73},[63,90605,35696],{"class":181},[63,90607,102],{"class":73},[63,90609,90610],{"class":181}," stop",[63,90612,397],{"class":73},[63,90614,90615,90617,90619,90621,90623,90625,90627,90630],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,90616,59617],{"class":69},[63,90618,74],{"class":73},[63,90620,35696],{"class":181},[63,90622,102],{"class":73},[63,90624,90610],{"class":181},[63,90626,102],{"class":73},[63,90628,90629],{"class":181}," step",[63,90631,397],{"class":73},[20,90633,90634],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,90636,90637,90642,90647],{},[33,90638,90639,90641],{},[15,90640,35696],{}," = first number",[33,90643,90644,90646],{},[15,90645,75044],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,90648,90649,90651],{},[15,90650,75047],{}," = amount to move each time",[1193,90653,90655],{"id":90654},"rangestop",[15,90656,90657],{},"range(stop)",[20,90659,90660,90661,307],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90662,1734],{},[54,90664,90666],{"className":56,"code":90665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90667,90668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90669,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90671,70],{"class":69},[63,90673,74],{"class":73},[63,90675,7702],{"class":417},[63,90677,74],{"class":73},[63,90679,59617],{"class":69},[63,90681,74],{"class":73},[63,90683,1750],{"class":82},[63,90685,2510],{"class":73},[20,90687,110],{},[54,90689,90690],{"className":56,"code":59640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,90691,90692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90693,90694,90696,90698,90700,90702,90704,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90695,3497],{"class":73},[63,90697,1734],{"class":82},[63,90699,102],{"class":73},[63,90701,249],{"class":82},[63,90703,102],{"class":73},[63,90705,105],{"class":82},[63,90707,102],{"class":73},[63,90709,518],{"class":82},[63,90711,102],{"class":73},[63,90713,2061],{"class":82},[63,90715,3229],{"class":73},[1193,90717,90719],{"id":90718},"rangestart-stop",[15,90720,90721],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90723,90724,90725,90727,90728,307],{},"This starts at ",[15,90726,35696],{}," and stops before ",[15,90729,75044],{},[54,90731,90733],{"className":56,"code":90732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90734,90735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90736,90737,90739,90741,90743,90745,90747,90749,90751,90753,90755],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90738,70],{"class":69},[63,90740,74],{"class":73},[63,90742,7702],{"class":417},[63,90744,74],{"class":73},[63,90746,59617],{"class":69},[63,90748,74],{"class":73},[63,90750,274],{"class":82},[63,90752,102],{"class":73},[63,90754,37269],{"class":82},[63,90756,2510],{"class":73},[20,90758,110],{},[54,90760,90762],{"className":56,"code":90761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90763,90764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90765,90766,90768,90770,90772,90774,90776,90778,90780,90782],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90767,3497],{"class":73},[63,90769,274],{"class":82},[63,90771,102],{"class":73},[63,90773,518],{"class":82},[63,90775,102],{"class":73},[63,90777,2061],{"class":82},[63,90779,102],{"class":73},[63,90781,4206],{"class":82},[63,90783,3229],{"class":73},[1193,90785,90787],{"id":90786},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90788,90789],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90791,90792],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[54,90794,90796],{"className":56,"code":90795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90797,90798],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90799,90800,90802,90804,90806,90808,90810,90812,90814,90816,90818,90820,90822],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90801,70],{"class":69},[63,90803,74],{"class":73},[63,90805,7702],{"class":417},[63,90807,74],{"class":73},[63,90809,59617],{"class":69},[63,90811,74],{"class":73},[63,90813,674],{"class":82},[63,90815,102],{"class":73},[63,90817,5607],{"class":82},[63,90819,102],{"class":73},[63,90821,105],{"class":82},[63,90823,2510],{"class":73},[20,90825,110],{},[54,90827,90829],{"className":56,"code":90828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90830,90831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90832,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90834,3497],{"class":73},[63,90836,674],{"class":82},[63,90838,102],{"class":73},[63,90840,518],{"class":82},[63,90842,102],{"class":73},[63,90844,4206],{"class":82},[63,90846,102],{"class":73},[63,90848,5596],{"class":82},[63,90850,102],{"class":73},[63,90852,53753],{"class":82},[63,90854,3229],{"class":73},[49,90856,90858],{"id":90857},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90860,90861],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1193,90863,90865],{"id":90864},"range5",[15,90866,90472],{},[54,90868,90869],{"className":56,"code":90665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,90870,90871],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90872,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90874,70],{"class":69},[63,90876,74],{"class":73},[63,90878,7702],{"class":417},[63,90880,74],{"class":73},[63,90882,59617],{"class":69},[63,90884,74],{"class":73},[63,90886,1750],{"class":82},[63,90888,2510],{"class":73},[20,90890,110],{},[54,90892,90893],{"className":56,"code":59640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,90894,90895],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90896,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90898,3497],{"class":73},[63,90900,1734],{"class":82},[63,90902,102],{"class":73},[63,90904,249],{"class":82},[63,90906,102],{"class":73},[63,90908,105],{"class":82},[63,90910,102],{"class":73},[63,90912,518],{"class":82},[63,90914,102],{"class":73},[63,90916,2061],{"class":82},[63,90918,3229],{"class":73},[20,90920,90724,90921,90727,90923,307],{},[15,90922,1734],{},[15,90924,1750],{},[1193,90926,90928],{"id":90927},"range2-6",[15,90929,90930],{},"range(2, 6)",[54,90932,90933],{"className":56,"code":90732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,90934,90935],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90936,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953,90955],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90938,70],{"class":69},[63,90940,74],{"class":73},[63,90942,7702],{"class":417},[63,90944,74],{"class":73},[63,90946,59617],{"class":69},[63,90948,74],{"class":73},[63,90950,274],{"class":82},[63,90952,102],{"class":73},[63,90954,37269],{"class":82},[63,90956,2510],{"class":73},[20,90958,110],{},[54,90960,90961],{"className":56,"code":90761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,90962,90963],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90964,90965,90967,90969,90971,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90966,3497],{"class":73},[63,90968,274],{"class":82},[63,90970,102],{"class":73},[63,90972,518],{"class":82},[63,90974,102],{"class":73},[63,90976,2061],{"class":82},[63,90978,102],{"class":73},[63,90980,4206],{"class":82},[63,90982,3229],{"class":73},[20,90984,90724,90985,90727,90987,307],{},[15,90986,274],{},[15,90988,80212],{},[1193,90990,90992],{"id":90991},"range1-10-2",[15,90993,90994],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[54,90996,90997],{"className":56,"code":90795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,90998,90999],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91000,91001,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91002,70],{"class":69},[63,91004,74],{"class":73},[63,91006,7702],{"class":417},[63,91008,74],{"class":73},[63,91010,59617],{"class":69},[63,91012,74],{"class":73},[63,91014,674],{"class":82},[63,91016,102],{"class":73},[63,91018,5607],{"class":82},[63,91020,102],{"class":73},[63,91022,105],{"class":82},[63,91024,2510],{"class":73},[20,91026,110],{},[54,91028,91029],{"className":56,"code":90828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,91030,91031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91032,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91034,3497],{"class":73},[63,91036,674],{"class":82},[63,91038,102],{"class":73},[63,91040,518],{"class":82},[63,91042,102],{"class":73},[63,91044,4206],{"class":82},[63,91046,102],{"class":73},[63,91048,5596],{"class":82},[63,91050,102],{"class":73},[63,91052,53753],{"class":82},[63,91054,3229],{"class":73},[20,91056,91057,91058,91060,91061,60920,91063,307],{},"This moves by ",[15,91059,274],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91062,674],{},[15,91064,1758],{},[1193,91066,91068],{"id":91067},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91070,91071,91072,91074],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91073,35822],{}," count backward.",[54,91076,91078],{"className":56,"code":91077,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91079,91080],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91081,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91083,70],{"class":69},[63,91085,74],{"class":73},[63,91087,7702],{"class":417},[63,91089,74],{"class":73},[63,91091,59617],{"class":69},[63,91093,74],{"class":73},[63,91095,1750],{"class":82},[63,91097,102],{"class":73},[63,91099,3429],{"class":82},[63,91101,102],{"class":73},[63,91103,271],{"class":270},[63,91105,674],{"class":82},[63,91107,2510],{"class":73},[20,91109,110],{},[54,91111,91113],{"className":56,"code":91112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91114,91115],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91116,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91118,3497],{"class":73},[63,91120,1750],{"class":82},[63,91122,102],{"class":73},[63,91124,2061],{"class":82},[63,91126,102],{"class":73},[63,91128,518],{"class":82},[63,91130,102],{"class":73},[63,91132,105],{"class":82},[63,91134,102],{"class":73},[63,91136,249],{"class":82},[63,91138,3229],{"class":73},[20,91140,91141],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91143,91144],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[54,91146,91148],{"className":56,"code":91147,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91149,91150],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91151,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91162,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91153,70],{"class":69},[63,91155,74],{"class":73},[63,91157,7702],{"class":417},[63,91159,74],{"class":73},[63,91161,59617],{"class":69},[63,91163,74],{"class":73},[63,91165,674],{"class":82},[63,91167,102],{"class":73},[63,91169,4206],{"class":82},[63,91171,102],{"class":73},[63,91173,271],{"class":270},[63,91175,674],{"class":82},[63,91177,2510],{"class":73},[20,91179,110],{},[54,91181,91182],{"className":56,"code":37923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,91183,91184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91185,91186],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91187,37923],{"class":73},[1193,91189,91190,76207,91192],{"id":76431},[15,91191,75047],{},[15,91193,1734],{},[20,91195,2437],{},[54,91197,91199],{"className":56,"code":91198,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91200,91201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91202,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91204,59617],{"class":69},[63,91206,74],{"class":73},[63,91208,674],{"class":82},[63,91210,102],{"class":73},[63,91212,4206],{"class":82},[63,91214,102],{"class":73},[63,91216,3429],{"class":82},[63,91218,397],{"class":73},[20,91220,76476,91221,91223],{},[15,91222,40326],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[49,91225,311,91227,91229,91230,91232],{"id":91226},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91228,35822],{}," in a ",[15,91231,5560],{}," loop",[20,91234,91235,91237],{},[15,91236,35822],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91239,91240,91243,91246],{},[33,91241,91242],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91244,91245],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91247,91248,91249],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91250,91251],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91253,1820],{},[54,91255,91257],{"className":56,"code":91256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91258,91259,91275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91260,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91262,5560],{"class":3473},[63,91264,69166],{"class":382},[63,91266,3480],{"class":3473},[63,91268,53687],{"class":69},[63,91270,74],{"class":73},[63,91272,715],{"class":82},[63,91274,7951],{"class":73},[63,91276,91277,91279,91281,91283,91286,91288,91290,91292],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91278,7677],{"class":69},[63,91280,74],{"class":73},[63,91282,2455],{"class":448},[63,91284,91285],{"class":452},"Loop number:",[63,91287,2455],{"class":448},[63,91289,102],{"class":73},[63,91291,35753],{"class":181},[63,91293,397],{"class":73},[20,91295,110],{},[54,91297,91299],{"className":56,"code":91298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91300,91301,91310,91318],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91302,91303,91306,91308],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91304,91305],{"class":382},"Loop number",[63,91307,2482],{"class":73},[63,91309,38139],{"class":82},[63,91311,91312,91314,91316],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91313,91305],{"class":382},[63,91315,2482],{"class":73},[63,91317,29235],{"class":82},[63,91319,91320,91322,91324],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,91321,91305],{"class":382},[63,91323,2482],{"class":73},[63,91325,45207],{"class":82},[1193,91327,91329],{"id":91328},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[54,91331,91333],{"className":56,"code":91332,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91334,91335,91351],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91336,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91338,5560],{"class":3473},[63,91340,69166],{"class":382},[63,91342,3480],{"class":3473},[63,91344,53687],{"class":69},[63,91346,74],{"class":73},[63,91348,1750],{"class":82},[63,91350,7951],{"class":73},[63,91352,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91354,7677],{"class":69},[63,91356,74],{"class":73},[63,91358,2455],{"class":448},[63,91360,34489],{"class":452},[63,91362,2455],{"class":448},[63,91364,397],{"class":73},[20,91366,91367,91368,91370],{},"This prints ",[15,91369,90036],{}," five times.",[1193,91372,91374],{"id":91373},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[54,91376,91378],{"className":56,"code":91377,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91379,91380,91400],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91381,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91383,5560],{"class":3473},[63,91385,69166],{"class":382},[63,91387,3480],{"class":3473},[63,91389,53687],{"class":69},[63,91391,74],{"class":73},[63,91393,674],{"class":82},[63,91395,102],{"class":73},[63,91397,2061],{"class":82},[63,91399,7951],{"class":73},[63,91401,91402,91404,91406,91408,91411,91413,91415,91417],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91403,7677],{"class":69},[63,91405,74],{"class":73},[63,91407,2455],{"class":448},[63,91409,91410],{"class":452},"Current number is",[63,91412,2455],{"class":448},[63,91414,102],{"class":73},[63,91416,35753],{"class":181},[63,91418,397],{"class":73},[20,91420,110],{},[54,91422,91424],{"className":56,"code":91423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91425,91426,91435,91443],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91427,91428,91431,91433],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91429,91430],{"class":382},"Current number ",[63,91432,11809],{"class":270},[63,91434,29235],{"class":82},[63,91436,91437,91439,91441],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91438,91430],{"class":382},[63,91440,11809],{"class":270},[63,91442,45207],{"class":82},[63,91444,91445,91447,91449],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,91446,91430],{"class":382},[63,91448,11809],{"class":270},[63,91450,2180],{"class":82},[1193,91452,91454,91456],{"id":91453},"range-and-indexing",[15,91455,35822],{}," and indexing",[20,91458,91459],{},"You may see code like this:",[54,91461,91463],{"className":56,"code":91462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91464,91465,91497,91501,91521],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91466,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91468,7386],{"class":382},[63,91470,386],{"class":270},[63,91472,3216],{"class":73},[63,91474,2455],{"class":448},[63,91476,303],{"class":452},[63,91478,2455],{"class":448},[63,91480,102],{"class":73},[63,91482,1375],{"class":448},[63,91484,4362],{"class":452},[63,91486,2455],{"class":448},[63,91488,102],{"class":73},[63,91490,1375],{"class":448},[63,91492,9350],{"class":452},[63,91494,2455],{"class":448},[63,91496,3229],{"class":73},[63,91498,91499],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91500,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,91502,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515,91517,91519],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,91504,5560],{"class":3473},[63,91506,69166],{"class":382},[63,91508,3480],{"class":3473},[63,91510,53687],{"class":69},[63,91512,74],{"class":73},[63,91514,10774],{"class":69},[63,91516,74],{"class":73},[63,91518,7417],{"class":181},[63,91520,69181],{"class":73},[63,91522,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,91524,7677],{"class":69},[63,91526,74],{"class":73},[63,91528,35778],{"class":181},[63,91530,102],{"class":73},[63,91532,5568],{"class":181},[63,91534,3497],{"class":73},[63,91536,35778],{"class":181},[63,91538,191],{"class":73},[20,91540,110],{},[54,91542,91543],{"className":56,"code":35790,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,91544,91545,91551,91557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91546,91547,91549],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91548,1734],{"class":82},[63,91550,35799],{"class":382},[63,91552,91553,91555],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91554,674],{"class":82},[63,91556,35806],{"class":382},[63,91558,91559,91561],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,91560,274],{"class":82},[63,91562,35813],{"class":382},[20,91564,91565,91566,91570],{},"This works, and it uses ",[303,91567,91568],{"href":41974},[15,91569,41977],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91572,91573],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[54,91575,91577],{"className":56,"code":91576,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91578,91579,91611,91615,91627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91580,91581,91583,91585,91587,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607,91609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91582,7386],{"class":382},[63,91584,386],{"class":270},[63,91586,3216],{"class":73},[63,91588,2455],{"class":448},[63,91590,303],{"class":452},[63,91592,2455],{"class":448},[63,91594,102],{"class":73},[63,91596,1375],{"class":448},[63,91598,4362],{"class":452},[63,91600,2455],{"class":448},[63,91602,102],{"class":73},[63,91604,1375],{"class":448},[63,91606,9350],{"class":452},[63,91608,2455],{"class":448},[63,91610,3229],{"class":73},[63,91612,91613],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91614,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,91616,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,91618,5560],{"class":3473},[63,91620,5563],{"class":382},[63,91622,3480],{"class":3473},[63,91624,5568],{"class":382},[63,91626,5996],{"class":73},[63,91628,91629,91631,91633,91635],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,91630,7677],{"class":69},[63,91632,74],{"class":73},[63,91634,22930],{"class":181},[63,91636,397],{"class":73},[20,91638,36217,91639,91644],{},[303,91640,91642],{"href":91641},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91643,35372],{}," is usually a better choice:",[54,91646,91648],{"className":56,"code":91647,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91649,91650,91682,91686,91706],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91651,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91653,7386],{"class":382},[63,91655,386],{"class":270},[63,91657,3216],{"class":73},[63,91659,2455],{"class":448},[63,91661,303],{"class":452},[63,91663,2455],{"class":448},[63,91665,102],{"class":73},[63,91667,1375],{"class":448},[63,91669,4362],{"class":452},[63,91671,2455],{"class":448},[63,91673,102],{"class":73},[63,91675,1375],{"class":448},[63,91677,9350],{"class":452},[63,91679,2455],{"class":448},[63,91681,3229],{"class":73},[63,91683,91684],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91685,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,91687,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,91689,5560],{"class":3473},[63,91691,35444],{"class":382},[63,91693,102],{"class":73},[63,91695,5563],{"class":382},[63,91697,3480],{"class":3473},[63,91699,35454],{"class":69},[63,91701,74],{"class":73},[63,91703,7417],{"class":181},[63,91705,7951],{"class":73},[63,91707,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,91709,7677],{"class":69},[63,91711,74],{"class":73},[63,91713,35469],{"class":181},[63,91715,102],{"class":73},[63,91717,29127],{"class":181},[63,91719,397],{"class":73},[20,91721,78736,91722,307],{},[303,91723,36230,91724,36233],{"href":36229},[15,91725,35372],{},[49,91727,91729,91730,91732],{"id":91728},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91731,35822],{}," to a list",[20,91734,91735,91737],{},[15,91736,35822],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91739,91740,91741,2482],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91742,24401],{},[54,91744,91746],{"className":56,"code":91745,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91747,91748],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91749,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758,91760,91762,91764],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91751,70],{"class":69},[63,91753,74],{"class":73},[63,91755,7702],{"class":417},[63,91757,74],{"class":73},[63,91759,59617],{"class":69},[63,91761,74],{"class":73},[63,91763,715],{"class":82},[63,91765,2510],{"class":73},[20,91767,110],{},[54,91769,91771],{"className":56,"code":91770,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91772,91773],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91774,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91776,3497],{"class":73},[63,91778,1734],{"class":82},[63,91780,102],{"class":73},[63,91782,249],{"class":82},[63,91784,102],{"class":73},[63,91786,105],{"class":82},[63,91788,3229],{"class":73},[20,91790,32934],{},[30,91792,91793,91798,91801],{},[33,91794,91795,91796,41702],{},"learning how ",[15,91797,35822],{},[33,91799,91800],{},"checking your values",[33,91802,91803],{},"debugging code",[20,91805,777],{},[54,91807,91809],{"className":56,"code":91808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91810,91811,91825,91829,91839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91812,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91814,3211],{"class":382},[63,91816,386],{"class":270},[63,91818,53687],{"class":69},[63,91820,74],{"class":73},[63,91822,952],{"class":82},[63,91824,397],{"class":73},[63,91826,91827],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91828,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,91830,91831,91833,91835,91837],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,91832,70],{"class":69},[63,91834,74],{"class":73},[63,91836,3243],{"class":181},[63,91838,397],{"class":73},[63,91840,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,91842,70],{"class":69},[63,91844,74],{"class":73},[63,91846,7702],{"class":417},[63,91848,74],{"class":73},[63,91850,3243],{"class":181},[63,91852,86],{"class":73},[20,91854,110],{},[54,91856,91858],{"className":56,"code":91857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91859,91860,91874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91861,91862,91864,91866,91868,91870,91872],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91863,59617],{"class":69},[63,91865,74],{"class":73},[63,91867,1734],{"class":82},[63,91869,102],{"class":73},[63,91871,2061],{"class":82},[63,91873,397],{"class":73},[63,91875,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,91877,3497],{"class":73},[63,91879,1734],{"class":82},[63,91881,102],{"class":73},[63,91883,249],{"class":82},[63,91885,102],{"class":73},[63,91887,105],{"class":82},[63,91889,102],{"class":73},[63,91891,518],{"class":82},[63,91893,3229],{"class":73},[20,91895,91896,91897,10197,91899,91902],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91898,59617],{},[15,91900,91901],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[49,91904,4119],{"id":4118},[20,91906,33163,91907,307],{},[15,91908,35822],{},[1193,91910,91912],{"id":91911},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91914,91915],{},"Many beginners think this:",[54,91917,91919],{"className":56,"code":91918,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91920,91921],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91922,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91924,70],{"class":69},[63,91926,74],{"class":73},[63,91928,7702],{"class":417},[63,91930,74],{"class":73},[63,91932,59617],{"class":69},[63,91934,74],{"class":73},[63,91936,674],{"class":82},[63,91938,102],{"class":73},[63,91940,4206],{"class":82},[63,91942,2510],{"class":73},[20,91944,91945],{},"will produce:",[54,91947,91949],{"className":56,"code":91948,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91950,91951],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91952,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91954,3497],{"class":73},[63,91956,674],{"class":82},[63,91958,102],{"class":73},[63,91960,105],{"class":82},[63,91962,102],{"class":73},[63,91964,518],{"class":82},[63,91966,102],{"class":73},[63,91968,2061],{"class":82},[63,91970,102],{"class":73},[63,91972,4206],{"class":82},[63,91974,3229],{"class":73},[20,91976,91977],{},"But the real output is:",[54,91979,91980],{"className":56,"code":53122,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,91981,91982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91983,91984,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91985,3497],{"class":73},[63,91987,674],{"class":82},[63,91989,102],{"class":73},[63,91991,105],{"class":82},[63,91993,102],{"class":73},[63,91995,518],{"class":82},[63,91997,102],{"class":73},[63,91999,2061],{"class":82},[63,92001,3229],{"class":73},[20,92003,92004],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1193,92006,4180,92008,92010,92011],{"id":92007},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92009,90472],{}," starts at ",[15,92012,674],{},[20,92014,37093,92015,18583,92017,307],{},[15,92016,1734],{},[15,92018,674],{},[54,92020,92021],{"className":56,"code":90665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,92022,92023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92024,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92026,70],{"class":69},[63,92028,74],{"class":73},[63,92030,7702],{"class":417},[63,92032,74],{"class":73},[63,92034,59617],{"class":69},[63,92036,74],{"class":73},[63,92038,1750],{"class":82},[63,92040,2510],{"class":73},[20,92042,110],{},[54,92044,92045],{"className":56,"code":59640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,92046,92047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92048,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065,92067,92069],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92050,3497],{"class":73},[63,92052,1734],{"class":82},[63,92054,102],{"class":73},[63,92056,249],{"class":82},[63,92058,102],{"class":73},[63,92060,105],{"class":82},[63,92062,102],{"class":73},[63,92064,518],{"class":82},[63,92066,102],{"class":73},[63,92068,2061],{"class":82},[63,92070,3229],{"class":73},[1193,92072,92074],{"id":92073},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92076,92077,92078,2482],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92079,2555],{},[54,92081,92083],{"className":56,"code":92082,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92084,92085,92104,92108,92125],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92086,92087,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92088,92089],{"class":382},"user_number ",[63,92091,386],{"class":270},[63,92093,7851],{"class":69},[63,92095,74],{"class":73},[63,92097,2455],{"class":448},[63,92099,41488],{"class":452},[63,92101,2455],{"class":448},[63,92103,397],{"class":73},[63,92105,92106],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,92107,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,92109,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118,92120,92123],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,92111,5560],{"class":3473},[63,92113,69166],{"class":382},[63,92115,3480],{"class":3473},[63,92117,53687],{"class":69},[63,92119,74],{"class":73},[63,92121,92122],{"class":181},"user_number",[63,92124,7951],{"class":73},[63,92126,92127,92129,92131,92133],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,92128,7677],{"class":69},[63,92130,74],{"class":73},[63,92132,35778],{"class":181},[63,92134,397],{"class":73},[20,92136,48126,92137,92139],{},[15,92138,2555],{}," returns a string.",[20,92141,10419],{},[54,92143,92145],{"className":56,"code":92144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92146,92147,92169,92173,92189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92148,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92150,92089],{"class":382},[63,92152,386],{"class":270},[63,92154,44894],{"class":417},[63,92156,74],{"class":73},[63,92158,42079],{"class":69},[63,92160,74],{"class":73},[63,92162,2455],{"class":448},[63,92164,41488],{"class":452},[63,92166,2455],{"class":448},[63,92168,86],{"class":73},[63,92170,92171],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,92172,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,92174,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,92176,5560],{"class":3473},[63,92178,69166],{"class":382},[63,92180,3480],{"class":3473},[63,92182,53687],{"class":69},[63,92184,74],{"class":73},[63,92186,92122],{"class":181},[63,92188,7951],{"class":73},[63,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,92192,7677],{"class":69},[63,92194,74],{"class":73},[63,92196,35778],{"class":181},[63,92198,397],{"class":73},[20,92200,92201,92202,307],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[303,92203,50139,92204],{"href":50138},[15,92205,50142],{},[1193,92207,92209,92210,92212,92213],{"id":92208},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92211,35696],{}," smaller than ",[15,92214,75044],{},[20,92216,92217],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[54,92219,92220],{"className":56,"code":91147,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,92221,92222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92223,92224,92226,92228,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92225,70],{"class":69},[63,92227,74],{"class":73},[63,92229,7702],{"class":417},[63,92231,74],{"class":73},[63,92233,59617],{"class":69},[63,92235,74],{"class":73},[63,92237,674],{"class":82},[63,92239,102],{"class":73},[63,92241,4206],{"class":82},[63,92243,102],{"class":73},[63,92245,271],{"class":270},[63,92247,674],{"class":82},[63,92249,2510],{"class":73},[20,92251,110],{},[54,92253,92254],{"className":56,"code":37923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,92255,92256],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92257,92258],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92259,37923],{"class":73},[20,92261,92262],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1193,92264,25236,92266],{"id":92265},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92267,92268],{},"step = 0",[20,92270,77187],{},[54,92272,92274],{"className":56,"code":92273,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92275,92276],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92277,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92279,59617],{"class":69},[63,92281,74],{"class":73},[63,92283,674],{"class":82},[63,92285,102],{"class":73},[63,92287,5607],{"class":82},[63,92289,102],{"class":73},[63,92291,3429],{"class":82},[63,92293,397],{"class":73},[20,92295,92296],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1193,92298,4305,92300,92302],{"id":92299},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92301,35822],{}," is not a list",[20,92304,92305],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[54,92307,92309],{"className":56,"code":92308,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92310,92311],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92312,92313,92315,92317,92319,92321,92323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92314,70],{"class":69},[63,92316,74],{"class":73},[63,92318,59617],{"class":69},[63,92320,74],{"class":73},[63,92322,1750],{"class":82},[63,92324,86],{"class":73},[20,92326,110],{},[54,92328,92330],{"className":56,"code":92329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92331,92332],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92333,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342,92344],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92335,59617],{"class":69},[63,92337,74],{"class":73},[63,92339,1734],{"class":82},[63,92341,102],{"class":73},[63,92343,4206],{"class":82},[63,92345,397],{"class":73},[20,92347,92348],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[54,92350,92351],{"className":56,"code":90665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,92352,92353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92354,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92356,70],{"class":69},[63,92358,74],{"class":73},[63,92360,7702],{"class":417},[63,92362,74],{"class":73},[63,92364,59617],{"class":69},[63,92366,74],{"class":73},[63,92368,1750],{"class":82},[63,92370,2510],{"class":73},[20,92372,110],{},[54,92374,92375],{"className":56,"code":59640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,92376,92377],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92378,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92380,3497],{"class":73},[63,92382,1734],{"class":82},[63,92384,102],{"class":73},[63,92386,249],{"class":82},[63,92388,102],{"class":73},[63,92390,105],{"class":82},[63,92392,102],{"class":73},[63,92394,518],{"class":82},[63,92396,102],{"class":73},[63,92398,2061],{"class":82},[63,92400,3229],{"class":73},[49,92402,92404],{"id":92403},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92406,8485,92407,81958],{},[15,92408,35822],{},[54,92410,92412],{"className":56,"code":92411,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92413,92414,92428,92446,92468,92496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92415,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92417,70],{"class":69},[63,92419,74],{"class":73},[63,92421,59617],{"class":69},[63,92423,74],{"class":73},[63,92425,1750],{"class":82},[63,92427,86],{"class":73},[63,92429,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,92431,70],{"class":69},[63,92433,74],{"class":73},[63,92435,7702],{"class":417},[63,92437,74],{"class":73},[63,92439,59617],{"class":69},[63,92441,74],{"class":73},[63,92443,1750],{"class":82},[63,92445,2510],{"class":73},[63,92447,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,92449,70],{"class":69},[63,92451,74],{"class":73},[63,92453,7702],{"class":417},[63,92455,74],{"class":73},[63,92457,59617],{"class":69},[63,92459,74],{"class":73},[63,92461,274],{"class":82},[63,92463,102],{"class":73},[63,92465,5962],{"class":82},[63,92467,2510],{"class":73},[63,92469,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,92471,70],{"class":69},[63,92473,74],{"class":73},[63,92475,7702],{"class":417},[63,92477,74],{"class":73},[63,92479,59617],{"class":69},[63,92481,74],{"class":73},[63,92483,1940],{"class":82},[63,92485,102],{"class":73},[63,92487,3429],{"class":82},[63,92489,102],{"class":73},[63,92491,271],{"class":270},[63,92493,274],{"class":82},[63,92495,2510],{"class":73},[63,92497,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,92499,70],{"class":69},[63,92501,74],{"class":73},[63,92503,418],{"class":417},[63,92505,74],{"class":73},[63,92507,59617],{"class":69},[63,92509,74],{"class":73},[63,92511,1750],{"class":82},[63,92513,2510],{"class":73},[20,92515,25628],{},[30,92517,92518,92521,92524],{},[33,92519,92520],{},"what values are being created",[33,92522,92523],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92525,92526,92527,24237],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92528,59617],{},[49,92530,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,92532,1459,92534,92536],{"id":92533},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92535,35822],{}," include the last number?",[20,92538,92539],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1193,92541,4760,92543,92545,92546,1506],{"id":92542},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92544,90472],{}," start at ",[15,92547,1734],{},[20,92549,92550,92551,307],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92552,1734],{},[1193,92554,1482,92556,92558],{"id":92555},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92557,35822],{}," count backward?",[20,92560,92561,92562,307],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92563,92564],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1193,92566,14521,92568,25663],{"id":92567},"is-range-a-list",[15,92569,35822],{},[20,92571,25666,92572,92574,92575,23558],{},[15,92573,59617],{}," object. Use ",[15,92576,92577],{},"list(range(...))",[1193,92579,4760,92581,48299],{"id":92580},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92582,92583],{},"range(input())",[20,92585,92586,3078,92588,307],{},[15,92587,2555],{},[15,92589,92590],{},"int(input())",[49,92592,1517],{"id":1516},[30,92594,92595,92599,92605,92611,92617],{},[33,92596,92597],{},[303,92598,35652],{"href":35651},[33,92600,92601],{},[303,92602,13,92603,469],{"href":41974},[15,92604,41977],{},[33,92606,92607],{},[303,92608,13,92609,469],{"href":91641},[15,92610,35372],{},[33,92612,92613],{},[303,92614,37144,92615,36233],{"href":36229},[15,92616,35372],{},[33,92618,92619],{},[303,92620,50139,92621],{"href":50138},[15,92622,50142],{},[1542,92624,92625],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":92627},[92628,92629,92631,92637,92645,92652,92654,92666,92667,92679],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":90481,"depth":89,"text":92630},"What range() does",{"id":90574,"depth":89,"text":92632,"children":92633},"range() syntax",[92634,92635,92636],{"id":90654,"depth":254,"text":90657},{"id":90718,"depth":254,"text":90721},{"id":90786,"depth":254,"text":90789},{"id":90857,"depth":89,"text":90858,"children":92638},[92639,92640,92641,92642,92643],{"id":90864,"depth":254,"text":90472},{"id":90927,"depth":254,"text":90930},{"id":90991,"depth":254,"text":90994},{"id":91067,"depth":254,"text":91068},{"id":76431,"depth":254,"text":92644},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91226,"depth":89,"text":92646,"children":92647},"Using range() in a for loop",[92648,92649,92650],{"id":91328,"depth":254,"text":91329},{"id":91373,"depth":254,"text":91374},{"id":91453,"depth":254,"text":92651},"range() and indexing",{"id":91728,"depth":89,"text":92653},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":92655},[92656,92657,92659,92660,92662,92664],{"id":91911,"depth":254,"text":91912},{"id":92007,"depth":254,"text":92658},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92073,"depth":254,"text":92074},{"id":92208,"depth":254,"text":92661},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92265,"depth":254,"text":92663},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92299,"depth":254,"text":92665},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92403,"depth":89,"text":92404},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":92668},[92669,92671,92673,92675,92677],{"id":92533,"depth":254,"text":92670},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92542,"depth":254,"text":92672},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92555,"depth":254,"text":92674},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92567,"depth":254,"text":92676},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92580,"depth":254,"text":92678},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90375,"description":92680},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92687,"title":92688,"body":92689,"description":94362,"extension":1580,"meta":94363,"navigation":579,"path":94364,"seo":94365,"stem":94366,"__hash__":94367},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92690,"toc":94335},[92691,92700,92707,92724,92740,92742,92791,92799,92803,92806,92826,92828,92892,92894,92937,92940,92986,92988,93021,93031,93037,93045,93062,93064,93095,93097,93122,93127,93138,93141,93211,93213,93244,93249,93254,93271,93273,93324,93326,93359,93362,93369,93374,93378,93394,93396,93440,93442,93488,93491,93504,93509,93513,93527,93529,93580,93582,93615,93620,93622,93629,93631,93654,93656,93721,93723,93740,93743,93776,93778,93806,93816,93823,93827,93830,93848,93851,93879,93882,93900,93905,93911,93914,93936,93938,93966,93968,93971,93996,93999,94112,94114,94193,94195,94201,94206,94214,94222,94226,94229,94231,94264,94266,94274,94280,94287,94294,94297,94299,94332],[10,92692,13,92694,10197,92696,92699],{"id":92693},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92695,35822],{},[15,92697,92698],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92701,92702,3993,92704,92706],{},[15,92703,35822],{},[15,92705,92698],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,92708,92709,92717],{},[33,92710,92711,92713,92714],{},[15,92712,35822],{}," creates a ",[833,92715,92716],{},"range object",[33,92718,92719,92713,92721],{},[15,92720,92698],{},[833,92722,92723],{},"real list",[20,92725,92726,92727,92729,92730,92733,92734,92736,92737,92739],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92728,90472],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92731,92732],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92735,35822],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92738,92698],{}," when you actually need a list.",[49,92741,3201],{"id":3200},[54,92743,92745],{"className":56,"code":92744,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92746,92747,92761,92774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92748,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92750,3211],{"class":382},[63,92752,386],{"class":270},[63,92754,53687],{"class":69},[63,92756,74],{"class":73},[63,92758,1750],{"class":82},[63,92760,397],{"class":73},[63,92762,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,92764,70],{"class":69},[63,92766,74],{"class":73},[63,92768,3243],{"class":181},[63,92770,3256],{"class":73},[63,92772,92773],{"class":1357},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[63,92775,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,92777,70],{"class":69},[63,92779,74],{"class":73},[63,92781,7702],{"class":417},[63,92783,74],{"class":73},[63,92785,3243],{"class":181},[63,92787,4964],{"class":73},[63,92789,92790],{"class":1357},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92792,128,92793,92795,92796,92798],{},[15,92794,35822],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92797,92698],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[49,92800,92802],{"id":92801},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92804,92805],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,92807,92808,92815,92820,92823],{},[33,92809,92810,21595,92812,92814],{},[15,92811,35822],{},[833,92813,92716],{},", not a list",[33,92816,92817,92819],{},[15,92818,92698],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,92821,92822],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,92824,92825],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92827,1820],{},[54,92829,92831],{"className":56,"code":92830,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92832,92833,92848,92867,92871,92881],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92834,92835,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92836,92837],{"class":382},"r ",[63,92839,386],{"class":270},[63,92841,53687],{"class":69},[63,92843,74],{"class":73},[63,92845,1750],{"class":82},[63,92847,397],{"class":73},[63,92849,92850,92853,92855,92857,92859,92861,92863,92865],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,92851,92852],{"class":382},"lst ",[63,92854,386],{"class":270},[63,92856,22180],{"class":417},[63,92858,74],{"class":73},[63,92860,59617],{"class":69},[63,92862,74],{"class":73},[63,92864,1750],{"class":82},[63,92866,86],{"class":73},[63,92868,92869],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,92870,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,92872,92873,92875,92877,92879],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,92874,70],{"class":69},[63,92876,74],{"class":73},[63,92878,60124],{"class":181},[63,92880,397],{"class":73},[63,92882,92883,92885,92887,92890],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,92884,70],{"class":69},[63,92886,74],{"class":73},[63,92888,92889],{"class":181},"lst",[63,92891,397],{"class":73},[20,92893,110],{},[54,92895,92897],{"className":56,"code":92896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92898,92899,92913],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92900,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92902,59617],{"class":69},[63,92904,74],{"class":73},[63,92906,1734],{"class":82},[63,92908,102],{"class":73},[63,92910,4206],{"class":82},[63,92912,397],{"class":73},[63,92914,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,92916,3497],{"class":73},[63,92918,1734],{"class":82},[63,92920,102],{"class":73},[63,92922,249],{"class":82},[63,92924,102],{"class":73},[63,92926,105],{"class":82},[63,92928,102],{"class":73},[63,92930,518],{"class":82},[63,92932,102],{"class":73},[63,92934,2061],{"class":82},[63,92936,3229],{"class":73},[20,92938,92939],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[54,92941,92943],{"className":56,"code":92942,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92944,92945,92963],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92946,92947,92949,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959,92961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92948,70],{"class":69},[63,92950,74],{"class":73},[63,92952,418],{"class":417},[63,92954,74],{"class":73},[63,92956,59617],{"class":69},[63,92958,74],{"class":73},[63,92960,1750],{"class":82},[63,92962,2510],{"class":73},[63,92964,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979,92981,92983],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,92966,70],{"class":69},[63,92968,74],{"class":73},[63,92970,418],{"class":417},[63,92972,74],{"class":73},[63,92974,7702],{"class":417},[63,92976,74],{"class":73},[63,92978,59617],{"class":69},[63,92980,74],{"class":73},[63,92982,1750],{"class":82},[63,92984,92985],{"class":73},"))))\n",[20,92987,110],{},[54,92989,92991],{"className":56,"code":92990,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92992,92993,93007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92994,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92996,441],{"class":270},[63,92998,445],{"class":444},[63,93000,449],{"class":448},[63,93002,59617],{"class":452},[63,93004,456],{"class":448},[63,93006,459],{"class":270},[63,93008,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93010,441],{"class":270},[63,93012,445],{"class":444},[63,93014,449],{"class":448},[63,93016,7702],{"class":452},[63,93018,456],{"class":448},[63,93020,459],{"class":270},[20,93022,93023,93024,93026,93027,307],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93025,35822],{}," works, see ",[303,93028,13,93029,469],{"href":92682},[15,93030,35822],{},[49,93032,138,93034,93036],{"id":93033},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93035,35822],{}," gives you",[20,93038,93039,93041,93042,93044],{},[15,93040,35822],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93043,5560],{}," loops.",[30,93046,93047,93050,93053,93056],{},[33,93048,93049],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93051,93052],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93054,93055],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93057,93058,93059],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93060,93061],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93063,1820],{},[54,93065,93067],{"className":56,"code":93066,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93068,93069,93085],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93070,93071,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93072,5560],{"class":3473},[63,93074,69166],{"class":382},[63,93076,3480],{"class":3473},[63,93078,53687],{"class":69},[63,93080,74],{"class":73},[63,93082,1750],{"class":82},[63,93084,7951],{"class":73},[63,93086,93087,93089,93091,93093],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93088,7677],{"class":69},[63,93090,74],{"class":73},[63,93092,35778],{"class":181},[63,93094,397],{"class":73},[20,93096,110],{},[54,93098,93100],{"className":56,"code":93099,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93101,93102,93106,93110,93114,93118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93103,93104],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93105,46869],{"class":82},[63,93107,93108],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93109,46534],{"class":82},[63,93111,93112],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,93113,824],{"class":82},[63,93115,93116],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,93117,120],{"class":82},[63,93119,93120],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,93121,364],{"class":82},[20,93123,20390,93124,93126],{},[15,93125,90472],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93128,93129,93130,93132,93133,307],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93131,35822],{}," is so common with ",[303,93134,13,93136,90503],{"href":93135},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93137,5560],{},[20,93139,93140],{},"You can also inspect it:",[54,93142,93144],{"className":56,"code":93143,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93145,93146,93168,93172,93182,93196],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93147,93148,93150,93152,93154,93156,93158,93160,93162,93164,93166],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93149,92837],{"class":382},[63,93151,386],{"class":270},[63,93153,53687],{"class":69},[63,93155,74],{"class":73},[63,93157,274],{"class":82},[63,93159,102],{"class":73},[63,93161,5607],{"class":82},[63,93163,102],{"class":73},[63,93165,105],{"class":82},[63,93167,397],{"class":73},[63,93169,93170],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93171,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,93173,93174,93176,93178,93180],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,93175,70],{"class":69},[63,93177,74],{"class":73},[63,93179,60124],{"class":181},[63,93181,397],{"class":73},[63,93183,93184,93186,93188,93190,93192,93194],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,93185,70],{"class":69},[63,93187,74],{"class":73},[63,93189,10774],{"class":69},[63,93191,74],{"class":73},[63,93193,60124],{"class":181},[63,93195,86],{"class":73},[63,93197,93198,93200,93202,93204,93206,93209],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,93199,70],{"class":69},[63,93201,74],{"class":73},[63,93203,80212],{"class":82},[63,93205,20793],{"class":3473},[63,93207,93208],{"class":181}," r",[63,93210,397],{"class":73},[20,93212,110],{},[54,93214,93216],{"className":56,"code":93215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93217,93218,93236,93240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93219,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228,93230,93232,93234],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93221,59617],{"class":69},[63,93223,74],{"class":73},[63,93225,274],{"class":82},[63,93227,102],{"class":73},[63,93229,5607],{"class":82},[63,93231,102],{"class":73},[63,93233,105],{"class":82},[63,93235,397],{"class":73},[63,93237,93238],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93239,364],{"class":82},[63,93241,93242],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,93243,3577],{"class":3448},[49,93245,138,93247,93036],{"id":93246},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93248,92698],{},[20,93250,93251,93253],{},[15,93252,92698],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93255,93256,93259,93262,93265],{},[33,93257,93258],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93260,93261],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93263,93264],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93266,93267,93268,93270],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93269,35822],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93272,1820],{},[54,93274,93276],{"className":56,"code":93275,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93277,93278,93296,93300,93310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93279,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292,93294],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93281,3211],{"class":382},[63,93283,386],{"class":270},[63,93285,22180],{"class":417},[63,93287,74],{"class":73},[63,93289,59617],{"class":69},[63,93291,74],{"class":73},[63,93293,1750],{"class":82},[63,93295,86],{"class":73},[63,93297,93298],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93299,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,93301,93302,93304,93306,93308],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,93303,70],{"class":69},[63,93305,74],{"class":73},[63,93307,3243],{"class":181},[63,93309,397],{"class":73},[63,93311,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,93313,70],{"class":69},[63,93315,74],{"class":73},[63,93317,3243],{"class":181},[63,93319,3497],{"class":73},[63,93321,274],{"class":82},[63,93323,191],{"class":73},[20,93325,110],{},[54,93327,93329],{"className":56,"code":93328,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93330,93331,93355],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93332,93333,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345,93347,93349,93351,93353],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93334,3497],{"class":73},[63,93336,1734],{"class":82},[63,93338,102],{"class":73},[63,93340,249],{"class":82},[63,93342,102],{"class":73},[63,93344,105],{"class":82},[63,93346,102],{"class":73},[63,93348,518],{"class":82},[63,93350,102],{"class":73},[63,93352,2061],{"class":82},[63,93354,3229],{"class":73},[63,93356,93357],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93358,824],{"class":82},[20,93360,93361],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93363,93364,93365,307],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[303,93366,13,93367,469],{"href":64467},[15,93368,24401],{},[49,93370,1114,93372],{"id":93371},"when-to-use-range",[15,93373,35822],{},[20,93375,128,93376,10213],{},[15,93377,35822],{},[30,93379,93380,93385,93388,93391],{},[33,93381,93382,93383,91232],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93384,5560],{},[33,93386,93387],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93389,93390],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93392,93393],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93395,1820],{},[54,93397,93399],{"className":56,"code":93398,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93400,93401,93421],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93402,93403,93405,93407,93409,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93404,5560],{"class":3473},[63,93406,69166],{"class":382},[63,93408,3480],{"class":3473},[63,93410,53687],{"class":69},[63,93412,74],{"class":73},[63,93414,674],{"class":82},[63,93416,102],{"class":73},[63,93418,37269],{"class":82},[63,93420,7951],{"class":73},[63,93422,93423,93425,93427,93429,93432,93434,93436,93438],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93424,7677],{"class":69},[63,93426,74],{"class":73},[63,93428,2455],{"class":448},[63,93430,93431],{"class":452},"Count:",[63,93433,2455],{"class":448},[63,93435,102],{"class":73},[63,93437,35753],{"class":181},[63,93439,397],{"class":73},[20,93441,110],{},[54,93443,93445],{"className":56,"code":93444,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93446,93447,93456,93464,93472,93480],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93448,93449,93452,93454],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93450,93451],{"class":382},"Count",[63,93453,2482],{"class":73},[63,93455,29235],{"class":82},[63,93457,93458,93460,93462],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93459,93451],{"class":382},[63,93461,2482],{"class":73},[63,93463,45207],{"class":82},[63,93465,93466,93468,93470],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,93467,93451],{"class":382},[63,93469,2482],{"class":73},[63,93471,2180],{"class":82},[63,93473,93474,93476,93478],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,93475,93451],{"class":382},[63,93477,2482],{"class":73},[63,93479,23283],{"class":82},[63,93481,93482,93484,93486],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,93483,93451],{"class":382},[63,93485,2482],{"class":73},[63,93487,34464],{"class":82},[20,93489,93490],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93492,93493,93494,93496,93497,61907,93499,307],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93495,35372],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93498,36223],{},[303,93500,36230,93502,36233],{"href":93501},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93503,35372],{},[49,93505,1114,93507],{"id":93506},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93508,92698],{},[20,93510,128,93511,10213],{},[15,93512,92698],{},[30,93514,93515,93518,93521,93524],{},[33,93516,93517],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93519,93520],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93522,93523],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93525,93526],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93528,1820],{},[54,93530,93532],{"className":56,"code":93531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93533,93534,93552,93566,93570],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93535,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546,93548,93550],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93537,3211],{"class":382},[63,93539,386],{"class":270},[63,93541,22180],{"class":417},[63,93543,74],{"class":73},[63,93545,59617],{"class":69},[63,93547,74],{"class":73},[63,93549,1750],{"class":82},[63,93551,86],{"class":73},[63,93553,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93555,3243],{"class":382},[63,93557,307],{"class":73},[63,93559,13170],{"class":181},[63,93561,74],{"class":73},[63,93563,1750],{"class":82},[63,93565,397],{"class":73},[63,93567,93568],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,93569,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,93571,93572,93574,93576,93578],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,93573,70],{"class":69},[63,93575,74],{"class":73},[63,93577,3243],{"class":181},[63,93579,397],{"class":73},[20,93581,110],{},[54,93583,93585],{"className":56,"code":93584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93586,93587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93588,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611,93613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93590,3497],{"class":73},[63,93592,1734],{"class":82},[63,93594,102],{"class":73},[63,93596,249],{"class":82},[63,93598,102],{"class":73},[63,93600,105],{"class":82},[63,93602,102],{"class":73},[63,93604,518],{"class":82},[63,93606,102],{"class":73},[63,93608,2061],{"class":82},[63,93610,102],{"class":73},[63,93612,4206],{"class":82},[63,93614,3229],{"class":73},[20,93616,5663,93617,93619],{},[15,93618,3243],{}," is a list.",[49,93621,15215],{"id":15214},[20,93623,93624,93626,93627,307],{},[15,93625,35822],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[833,93628,37223],{},[20,93630,1721],{},[30,93632,93633,93635,93640,93645,93648],{},[33,93634,21605],{},[33,93636,93637,93638],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93639,41977],{},[33,93641,93642,93643],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93644,3480],{},[33,93646,93647],{},"You can index it",[33,93649,93650,93651,93653],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93652,52269],{}," do not work on it",[20,93655,1820],{},[54,93657,93659],{"className":56,"code":93658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93660,93661,93675,93679,93693,93707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93662,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93664,92837],{"class":382},[63,93666,386],{"class":270},[63,93668,53687],{"class":69},[63,93670,74],{"class":73},[63,93672,1750],{"class":82},[63,93674,397],{"class":73},[63,93676,93677],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93678,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,93680,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689,93691],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,93682,70],{"class":69},[63,93684,74],{"class":73},[63,93686,60124],{"class":181},[63,93688,3497],{"class":73},[63,93690,274],{"class":82},[63,93692,191],{"class":73},[63,93694,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,93696,70],{"class":69},[63,93698,74],{"class":73},[63,93700,10774],{"class":69},[63,93702,74],{"class":73},[63,93704,60124],{"class":181},[63,93706,86],{"class":73},[63,93708,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717,93719],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,93710,70],{"class":69},[63,93712,74],{"class":73},[63,93714,715],{"class":82},[63,93716,20793],{"class":3473},[63,93718,93208],{"class":181},[63,93720,397],{"class":73},[20,93722,110],{},[54,93724,93726],{"className":56,"code":93725,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93727,93728,93732,93736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93729,93730],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93731,824],{"class":82},[63,93733,93734],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93735,369],{"class":82},[63,93737,93738],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,93739,3577],{"class":3448},[20,93741,93742],{},"Now compare that with this:",[54,93744,93746],{"className":56,"code":93745,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93747,93748,93762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93749,93750,93752,93754,93756,93758,93760],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93751,92837],{"class":382},[63,93753,386],{"class":270},[63,93755,53687],{"class":69},[63,93757,74],{"class":73},[63,93759,1750],{"class":82},[63,93761,397],{"class":73},[63,93763,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,93765,60124],{"class":382},[63,93767,307],{"class":73},[63,93769,13170],{"class":181},[63,93771,74],{"class":73},[63,93773,1750],{"class":82},[63,93775,397],{"class":73},[20,93777,110],{},[54,93779,93781],{"className":56,"code":93780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93782,93783],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93784,93785,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797,93800,93802,93804],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93786,25291],{"class":417},[63,93788,2482],{"class":73},[63,93790,449],{"class":448},[63,93792,59617],{"class":452},[63,93794,456],{"class":448},[63,93796,24237],{"class":417},[63,93798,93799],{"class":382}," has no attribute ",[63,93801,456],{"class":448},[63,93803,13170],{"class":452},[63,93805,29320],{"class":448},[20,93807,93808,93809,1801,93811,1805,93813,93815],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93810,52269],{},[15,93812,55146],{},[15,93814,63931],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93817,93818,93819,307],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[303,93820,25299,93821],{"href":35042},[15,93822,33878],{},[49,93824,93826],{"id":93825},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93828,93829],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[54,93831,93832],{"className":56,"code":92308,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,93833,93834],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93835,93836,93838,93840,93842,93844,93846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93837,70],{"class":69},[63,93839,74],{"class":73},[63,93841,59617],{"class":69},[63,93843,74],{"class":73},[63,93845,1750],{"class":82},[63,93847,86],{"class":73},[20,93849,93850],{},"to show:",[54,93852,93853],{"className":56,"code":59640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,93854,93855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93856,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873,93875,93877],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93858,3497],{"class":73},[63,93860,1734],{"class":82},[63,93862,102],{"class":73},[63,93864,249],{"class":82},[63,93866,102],{"class":73},[63,93868,105],{"class":82},[63,93870,102],{"class":73},[63,93872,518],{"class":82},[63,93874,102],{"class":73},[63,93876,2061],{"class":82},[63,93878,3229],{"class":73},[20,93880,93881],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[54,93883,93884],{"className":56,"code":92329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,93885,93886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93887,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93889,59617],{"class":69},[63,93891,74],{"class":73},[63,93893,1734],{"class":82},[63,93895,102],{"class":73},[63,93897,4206],{"class":82},[63,93899,397],{"class":73},[20,93901,4229,93902,93904],{},[833,93903,973],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93906,93907,93908,93910],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[833,93909,92716],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93912,93913],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[54,93915,93916],{"className":56,"code":90665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,93917,93918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93919,93920,93922,93924,93926,93928,93930,93932,93934],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93921,70],{"class":69},[63,93923,74],{"class":73},[63,93925,7702],{"class":417},[63,93927,74],{"class":73},[63,93929,59617],{"class":69},[63,93931,74],{"class":73},[63,93933,1750],{"class":82},[63,93935,2510],{"class":73},[20,93937,110],{},[54,93939,93940],{"className":56,"code":59640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,93941,93942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93943,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952,93954,93956,93958,93960,93962,93964],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93945,3497],{"class":73},[63,93947,1734],{"class":82},[63,93949,102],{"class":73},[63,93951,249],{"class":82},[63,93953,102],{"class":73},[63,93955,105],{"class":82},[63,93957,102],{"class":73},[63,93959,518],{"class":82},[63,93961,102],{"class":73},[63,93963,2061],{"class":82},[63,93965,3229],{"class":73},[49,93967,1186],{"id":1185},[20,93969,93970],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,93972,93973,93979,93982,93988],{},[33,93974,311,93975,93978],{},[15,93976,93977],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,93980,93981],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,93983,93984,93985,93987],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93986,35822],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,93989,311,93990,93992,93993,93995],{},[15,93991,92698],{}," when plain ",[15,93994,35822],{}," would be simpler",[20,93997,93998],{},"These quick checks can help:",[54,94000,94002],{"className":56,"code":94001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94003,94004,94018,94036,94054,94076,94094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94005,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94007,70],{"class":69},[63,94009,74],{"class":73},[63,94011,59617],{"class":69},[63,94013,74],{"class":73},[63,94015,1750],{"class":82},[63,94017,86],{"class":73},[63,94019,94020,94022,94024,94026,94028,94030,94032,94034],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,94021,70],{"class":69},[63,94023,74],{"class":73},[63,94025,7702],{"class":417},[63,94027,74],{"class":73},[63,94029,59617],{"class":69},[63,94031,74],{"class":73},[63,94033,1750],{"class":82},[63,94035,2510],{"class":73},[63,94037,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,94039,70],{"class":69},[63,94041,74],{"class":73},[63,94043,418],{"class":417},[63,94045,74],{"class":73},[63,94047,59617],{"class":69},[63,94049,74],{"class":73},[63,94051,1750],{"class":82},[63,94053,2510],{"class":73},[63,94055,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,94057,70],{"class":69},[63,94059,74],{"class":73},[63,94061,418],{"class":417},[63,94063,74],{"class":73},[63,94065,7702],{"class":417},[63,94067,74],{"class":73},[63,94069,59617],{"class":69},[63,94071,74],{"class":73},[63,94073,1750],{"class":82},[63,94075,92985],{"class":73},[63,94077,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,94079,70],{"class":69},[63,94081,74],{"class":73},[63,94083,715],{"class":82},[63,94085,20793],{"class":3473},[63,94087,53687],{"class":69},[63,94089,74],{"class":73},[63,94091,1750],{"class":82},[63,94093,86],{"class":73},[63,94095,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,94097,70],{"class":69},[63,94099,74],{"class":73},[63,94101,10774],{"class":69},[63,94103,74],{"class":73},[63,94105,59617],{"class":69},[63,94107,74],{"class":73},[63,94109,1750],{"class":82},[63,94111,2510],{"class":73},[20,94113,110],{},[54,94115,94117],{"className":56,"code":94116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94118,94119,94133,94157,94171,94185,94189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94120,94121,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94122,59617],{"class":69},[63,94124,74],{"class":73},[63,94126,1734],{"class":82},[63,94128,102],{"class":73},[63,94130,4206],{"class":82},[63,94132,397],{"class":73},[63,94134,94135,94137,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,94136,3497],{"class":73},[63,94138,1734],{"class":82},[63,94140,102],{"class":73},[63,94142,249],{"class":82},[63,94144,102],{"class":73},[63,94146,105],{"class":82},[63,94148,102],{"class":73},[63,94150,518],{"class":82},[63,94152,102],{"class":73},[63,94154,2061],{"class":82},[63,94156,3229],{"class":73},[63,94158,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,94160,441],{"class":270},[63,94162,445],{"class":444},[63,94164,449],{"class":448},[63,94166,59617],{"class":452},[63,94168,456],{"class":448},[63,94170,459],{"class":270},[63,94172,94173,94175,94177,94179,94181,94183],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,94174,441],{"class":270},[63,94176,445],{"class":444},[63,94178,449],{"class":448},[63,94180,7702],{"class":452},[63,94182,456],{"class":448},[63,94184,459],{"class":270},[63,94186,94187],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,94188,3577],{"class":3448},[63,94190,94191],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,94192,369],{"class":82},[49,94194,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,94196,14521,94198,94200],{"id":94197},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94199,35822],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94202,45983,94203,94205],{},[15,94204,35822],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1193,94207,94209,94210,10704,94212,1506],{"id":94208},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94211,35822],{},[15,94213,92698],{},[20,94215,94216,94218,94219,94221],{},[15,94217,35822],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94220,92698],{}," creates a full list.",[1193,94223,94225],{"id":94224},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94227,94228],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94230,1820],{},[54,94232,94234],{"className":56,"code":94233,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94235,94236,94250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94237,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94239,92837],{"class":382},[63,94241,386],{"class":270},[63,94243,53687],{"class":69},[63,94245,74],{"class":73},[63,94247,1750],{"class":82},[63,94249,397],{"class":73},[63,94251,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,94253,70],{"class":69},[63,94255,74],{"class":73},[63,94257,60124],{"class":181},[63,94259,3497],{"class":73},[63,94261,674],{"class":82},[63,94263,191],{"class":73},[20,94265,110],{},[54,94267,94268],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,94269,94270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94271,94272],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94273,46534],{"class":82},[1193,94275,4760,94277,94279],{"id":94276},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94278,93977],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94281,94282,94283,94286],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94284,94285],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1193,94288,94290,94291,94293],{"id":94289},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94292,35822],{}," to a list?",[20,94295,94296],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[49,94298,1517],{"id":1516},[30,94300,94301,94307,94313,94320,94326],{},[33,94302,94303],{},[303,94304,13,94305,469],{"href":92682},[15,94306,35822],{},[33,94308,94309],{},[303,94310,13,94311,469],{"href":64467},[15,94312,24401],{},[33,94314,94315],{},[303,94316,13,94317,94319],{"href":93135},[15,94318,5560],{}," loops explained",[33,94321,94322],{},[303,94323,37144,94324,36233],{"href":93501},[15,94325,35372],{},[33,94327,94328],{},[303,94329,25742,94330],{"href":35042},[15,94331,33878],{},[1542,94333,94334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":94336},[94337,94338,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94348,94349,94350,94361],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":92801,"depth":89,"text":92802},{"id":93033,"depth":89,"text":94340},"What range() gives you",{"id":93246,"depth":89,"text":94342},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93371,"depth":89,"text":94344},"When to use range()",{"id":93506,"depth":89,"text":94346},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15214,"depth":89,"text":15215},{"id":93825,"depth":89,"text":93826},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":94351},[94352,94354,94356,94357,94359],{"id":94197,"depth":254,"text":94353},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94208,"depth":254,"text":94355},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94224,"depth":254,"text":94225},{"id":94276,"depth":254,"text":94358},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94289,"depth":254,"text":94360},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95653,"toc":96811},[95654,95661,95667,95670,95672,95721,95725,95750,95755,95760,95765,95779,95790,95792,95811,95813,95829,95832,95843,95845,95847,95908,95912,95945,95952,95959,95962,95995,95998,96002,96005,96058,96062,96083,96089,96096,96103,96164,96172,96249,96253,96265,96274,96276,96282,96288,96292,96345,96348,96406,96410,96418,96421,96425,96428,96438,96440,96537,96540,96551,96554,96597,96601,96625,96628,96634,96636,96640,96665,96667,96734,96743,96745,96751,96756,96760,96763,96767,96774,96778,96783,96785,96802,96808],[10,95655,95657,95658,10935],{"id":95656},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95659,95660],{},"add()",[20,95662,95663,95666],{},[15,95664,95665],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95668,95669],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[49,95671,52],{"id":51},[54,95673,95675],{"className":56,"code":95674,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95676,95677,95697,95711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95678,95679,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691,95693,95695],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95680,3211],{"class":382},[63,95682,386],{"class":270},[63,95684,10102],{"class":73},[63,95686,674],{"class":82},[63,95688,102],{"class":73},[63,95690,105],{"class":82},[63,95692,102],{"class":73},[63,95694,518],{"class":82},[63,95696,8919],{"class":73},[63,95698,95699,95701,95703,95705,95707,95709],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,95700,3243],{"class":382},[63,95702,307],{"class":73},[63,95704,81724],{"class":181},[63,95706,74],{"class":73},[63,95708,952],{"class":82},[63,95710,397],{"class":73},[63,95712,95713,95715,95717,95719],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,95714,70],{"class":69},[63,95716,74],{"class":73},[63,95718,3243],{"class":181},[63,95720,397],{"class":73},[20,95722,95723],{},[833,95724,110],{},[54,95726,95728],{"className":56,"code":95727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95729,95730],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95731,95732,95734,95736,95738,95740,95742,95744,95746,95748],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95733,8888],{"class":73},[63,95735,674],{"class":82},[63,95737,102],{"class":73},[63,95739,105],{"class":82},[63,95741,102],{"class":73},[63,95743,518],{"class":82},[63,95745,102],{"class":73},[63,95747,2061],{"class":82},[63,95749,8919],{"class":73},[20,95751,128,95752,95754],{},[15,95753,95660],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[49,95756,138,95758,141],{"id":95757},"what-setadd-does",[15,95759,95665],{},[20,95761,95762,95764],{},[15,95763,95665],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,95766,95767,95770,95773,95776],{},[33,95768,95769],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,95771,95772],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,95774,95775],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,95777,95778],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95780,95781,95782,632,95786,307],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[303,95783,95785],{"href":95784},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[303,95787,95789],{"href":95788},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[49,95791,164],{"id":163},[54,95793,95795],{"className":56,"code":95794,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95796,95797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95798,95799,95801,95803,95805,95807,95809],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95800,15285],{"class":382},[63,95802,307],{"class":73},[63,95804,81724],{"class":181},[63,95806,74],{"class":73},[63,95808,22930],{"class":181},[63,95810,397],{"class":73},[20,95812,11072],{},[30,95814,95815,95820,95823],{},[33,95816,55526,95817,95819],{},[15,95818,95660],{}," on an existing set",[33,95821,95822],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,95824,95825,95826],{},"The item must be ",[833,95827,95828],{},"hashable",[20,95830,95831],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,95833,95834,95836,95838,95841],{},[33,95835,56079],{},[33,95837,56082],{},[33,95839,95840],{},"Tuples",[33,95842,40217],{},[49,95844,11089],{"id":11088},[20,95846,11092],{},[54,95848,95850],{"className":56,"code":95849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95851,95852,95876,95894,95898],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95853,95854,95856,95858,95860,95862,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872,95874],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95855,12692],{"class":382},[63,95857,386],{"class":270},[63,95859,10102],{"class":73},[63,95861,2455],{"class":448},[63,95863,12709],{"class":452},[63,95865,2455],{"class":448},[63,95867,102],{"class":73},[63,95869,1375],{"class":448},[63,95871,12726],{"class":452},[63,95873,2455],{"class":448},[63,95875,8919],{"class":73},[63,95877,95878,95880,95882,95884,95886,95888,95890,95892],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,95879,17121],{"class":382},[63,95881,307],{"class":73},[63,95883,81724],{"class":181},[63,95885,74],{"class":73},[63,95887,2455],{"class":448},[63,95889,17074],{"class":452},[63,95891,2455],{"class":448},[63,95893,397],{"class":73},[63,95895,95896],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,95897,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,95899,95900,95902,95904,95906],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,95901,70],{"class":69},[63,95903,74],{"class":73},[63,95905,17121],{"class":181},[63,95907,397],{"class":73},[20,95909,95910],{},[833,95911,29650],{},[54,95913,95915],{"className":56,"code":95914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95916,95917],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95918,95919,95921,95923,95925,95927,95929,95931,95933,95935,95937,95939,95941,95943],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95920,8888],{"class":73},[63,95922,456],{"class":448},[63,95924,12709],{"class":452},[63,95926,456],{"class":448},[63,95928,102],{"class":73},[63,95930,449],{"class":448},[63,95932,17074],{"class":452},[63,95934,456],{"class":448},[63,95936,102],{"class":73},[63,95938,449],{"class":448},[63,95940,12726],{"class":452},[63,95942,456],{"class":448},[63,95944,8919],{"class":73},[20,95946,95947,95948,95951],{},"The new value ",[15,95949,95950],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95953,95954,95955,95958],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[833,95956,95957],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95960,95961],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[54,95963,95965],{"className":56,"code":95964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95966,95967],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95968,95969,95971,95973,95975,95977,95979,95981,95983,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95970,8888],{"class":73},[63,95972,456],{"class":448},[63,95974,12726],{"class":452},[63,95976,456],{"class":448},[63,95978,102],{"class":73},[63,95980,449],{"class":448},[63,95982,12709],{"class":452},[63,95984,456],{"class":448},[63,95986,102],{"class":73},[63,95988,449],{"class":448},[63,95990,17074],{"class":452},[63,95992,456],{"class":448},[63,95994,8919],{"class":73},[20,95996,95997],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[49,95999,96001],{"id":96000},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96003,96004],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[54,96006,96008],{"className":56,"code":96007,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96009,96010,96030,96044,96048],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96011,96012,96014,96016,96018,96020,96022,96024,96026,96028],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96013,3211],{"class":382},[63,96015,386],{"class":270},[63,96017,10102],{"class":73},[63,96019,674],{"class":82},[63,96021,102],{"class":73},[63,96023,105],{"class":82},[63,96025,102],{"class":73},[63,96027,518],{"class":82},[63,96029,8919],{"class":73},[63,96031,96032,96034,96036,96038,96040,96042],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96033,3243],{"class":382},[63,96035,307],{"class":73},[63,96037,81724],{"class":181},[63,96039,74],{"class":73},[63,96041,274],{"class":82},[63,96043,397],{"class":73},[63,96045,96046],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,96047,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,96049,96050,96052,96054,96056],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,96051,70],{"class":69},[63,96053,74],{"class":73},[63,96055,3243],{"class":181},[63,96057,397],{"class":73},[20,96059,96060],{},[833,96061,110],{},[54,96063,96065],{"className":56,"code":96064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96066,96067],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96068,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079,96081],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96070,8888],{"class":73},[63,96072,674],{"class":82},[63,96074,102],{"class":73},[63,96076,105],{"class":82},[63,96078,102],{"class":73},[63,96080,518],{"class":82},[63,96082,8919],{"class":73},[20,96084,96085,96086,96088],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96087,274],{}," was already present.",[49,96090,96092,10197,96094],{"id":96091},"add-vs-update",[15,96093,95660],{},[15,96095,14572],{},[20,96097,128,96098,96100,96101,307],{},[15,96099,95660],{}," when you want to add ",[833,96102,52273],{},[54,96104,96106],{"className":56,"code":96105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96107,96108,96132,96150,96154],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96109,96110,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128,96130],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96111,35714],{"class":382},[63,96113,386],{"class":270},[63,96115,10102],{"class":73},[63,96117,2455],{"class":448},[63,96119,303],{"class":452},[63,96121,2455],{"class":448},[63,96123,102],{"class":73},[63,96125,1375],{"class":448},[63,96127,4362],{"class":452},[63,96129,2455],{"class":448},[63,96131,8919],{"class":73},[63,96133,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142,96144,96146,96148],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96135,35767],{"class":382},[63,96137,307],{"class":73},[63,96139,81724],{"class":181},[63,96141,74],{"class":73},[63,96143,2455],{"class":448},[63,96145,9350],{"class":452},[63,96147,2455],{"class":448},[63,96149,397],{"class":73},[63,96151,96152],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,96153,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,96155,96156,96158,96160,96162],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,96157,70],{"class":69},[63,96159,74],{"class":73},[63,96161,35767],{"class":181},[63,96163,397],{"class":73},[20,96165,128,96166,96100,96168,96171],{},[15,96167,14572],{},[833,96169,96170],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[54,96173,96175],{"className":56,"code":96174,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96176,96177,96201,96235,96239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96178,96179,96181,96183,96185,96187,96189,96191,96193,96195,96197,96199],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96180,35714],{"class":382},[63,96182,386],{"class":270},[63,96184,10102],{"class":73},[63,96186,2455],{"class":448},[63,96188,303],{"class":452},[63,96190,2455],{"class":448},[63,96192,102],{"class":73},[63,96194,1375],{"class":448},[63,96196,4362],{"class":452},[63,96198,2455],{"class":448},[63,96200,8919],{"class":73},[63,96202,96203,96205,96207,96209,96211,96213,96215,96217,96219,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229,96231,96233],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96204,35767],{"class":382},[63,96206,307],{"class":73},[63,96208,30085],{"class":181},[63,96210,2583],{"class":73},[63,96212,2455],{"class":448},[63,96214,9350],{"class":452},[63,96216,2455],{"class":448},[63,96218,102],{"class":73},[63,96220,1375],{"class":448},[63,96222,18387],{"class":452},[63,96224,2455],{"class":448},[63,96226,102],{"class":73},[63,96228,1375],{"class":448},[63,96230,60066],{"class":452},[63,96232,2455],{"class":448},[63,96234,191],{"class":73},[63,96236,96237],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,96238,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,96240,96241,96243,96245,96247],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,96242,70],{"class":69},[63,96244,74],{"class":73},[63,96246,35767],{"class":181},[63,96248,397],{"class":73},[1193,96250,96252],{"id":96251},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96254,96255,96260],{},[33,96256,96257,96259],{},[15,96258,95660],{}," adds one item",[33,96261,96262,96264],{},[15,96263,14572],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96266,96267,96268,307],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[303,96269,96271,96272,10352],{"href":96270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96273,14572],{},[49,96275,17037],{"id":17036},[20,96277,96278,2004,96280,307],{},[15,96279,95665],{},[15,96281,3373],{},[20,96283,96284,96285,96287],{},"That means you should ",[833,96286,973],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1193,96289,96291],{"id":96290},"correct","Correct",[54,96293,96295],{"className":56,"code":96294,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96296,96297,96317,96331,96335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96298,96299,96301,96303,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313,96315],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96300,15247],{"class":382},[63,96302,386],{"class":270},[63,96304,10102],{"class":73},[63,96306,674],{"class":82},[63,96308,102],{"class":73},[63,96310,105],{"class":82},[63,96312,102],{"class":73},[63,96314,518],{"class":82},[63,96316,8919],{"class":73},[63,96318,96319,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96320,15285],{"class":382},[63,96322,307],{"class":73},[63,96324,81724],{"class":181},[63,96326,74],{"class":73},[63,96328,952],{"class":82},[63,96330,397],{"class":73},[63,96332,96333],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,96334,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,96336,96337,96339,96341,96343],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,96338,70],{"class":69},[63,96340,74],{"class":73},[63,96342,15285],{"class":181},[63,96344,397],{"class":73},[1193,96346,96347],{"id":61388},"Wrong",[54,96349,96351],{"className":56,"code":96350,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96352,96353,96373,96392,96396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96354,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96356,15247],{"class":382},[63,96358,386],{"class":270},[63,96360,10102],{"class":73},[63,96362,674],{"class":82},[63,96364,102],{"class":73},[63,96366,105],{"class":82},[63,96368,102],{"class":73},[63,96370,518],{"class":82},[63,96372,8919],{"class":73},[63,96374,96375,96377,96379,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96376,15247],{"class":382},[63,96378,386],{"class":270},[63,96380,96381],{"class":382}," my_set",[63,96383,307],{"class":73},[63,96385,81724],{"class":181},[63,96387,74],{"class":73},[63,96389,952],{"class":82},[63,96391,397],{"class":73},[63,96393,96394],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,96395,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,96397,96398,96400,96402,96404],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,96399,70],{"class":69},[63,96401,74],{"class":73},[63,96403,15285],{"class":181},[63,96405,397],{"class":73},[20,96407,96408],{},[833,96409,110],{},[54,96411,96412],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,96413,96414],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96415,96416],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96417,11423],{"class":3448},[20,96419,96420],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[49,96422,96424],{"id":96423},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96426,96427],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96429,96430,96432,96434,96436],{},[33,96431,56079],{},[33,96433,56082],{},[33,96435,95840],{},[33,96437,40217],{},[20,96439,1820],{},[54,96441,96443],{"className":56,"code":96442,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96444,96445,96455,96459,96473,96491,96509,96523,96527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96446,96447,96449,96451,96453],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96448,7386],{"class":382},[63,96450,386],{"class":270},[63,96452,15252],{"class":417},[63,96454,8252],{"class":73},[63,96456,96457],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96458,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,96460,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,96462,7417],{"class":382},[63,96464,307],{"class":73},[63,96466,81724],{"class":181},[63,96468,74],{"class":73},[63,96470,1940],{"class":82},[63,96472,397],{"class":73},[63,96474,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,96476,7417],{"class":382},[63,96478,307],{"class":73},[63,96480,81724],{"class":181},[63,96482,74],{"class":73},[63,96484,2455],{"class":448},[63,96486,3441],{"class":452},[63,96488,2455],{"class":448},[63,96490,397],{"class":73},[63,96492,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,96494,7417],{"class":382},[63,96496,307],{"class":73},[63,96498,81724],{"class":181},[63,96500,5112],{"class":73},[63,96502,674],{"class":82},[63,96504,102],{"class":73},[63,96506,105],{"class":82},[63,96508,86],{"class":73},[63,96510,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,96512,7417],{"class":382},[63,96514,307],{"class":73},[63,96516,81724],{"class":181},[63,96518,74],{"class":73},[63,96520,3196],{"class":3448},[63,96522,397],{"class":73},[63,96524,96525],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,96526,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,96528,96529,96531,96533,96535],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,96530,70],{"class":69},[63,96532,74],{"class":73},[63,96534,7417],{"class":181},[63,96536,397],{"class":73},[20,96538,96539],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,96541,96542,96545,96548],{},[33,96543,96544],{},"Lists",[33,96546,96547],{},"Dictionaries",[33,96549,96550],{},"Sets",[20,96552,96553],{},"Example that causes an error:",[54,96555,96557],{"className":56,"code":96556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96558,96559,96579],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96560,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96562,7386],{"class":382},[63,96564,386],{"class":270},[63,96566,10102],{"class":73},[63,96568,674],{"class":82},[63,96570,102],{"class":73},[63,96572,105],{"class":82},[63,96574,102],{"class":73},[63,96576,518],{"class":82},[63,96578,8919],{"class":73},[63,96580,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96582,7417],{"class":382},[63,96584,307],{"class":73},[63,96586,81724],{"class":181},[63,96588,2583],{"class":73},[63,96590,952],{"class":82},[63,96592,102],{"class":73},[63,96594,4206],{"class":82},[63,96596,191],{"class":73},[20,96598,96599],{},[833,96600,29301],{},[54,96602,96604],{"className":56,"code":96603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96605,96606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96607,96608,96610,96612,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96609,2602],{"class":417},[63,96611,2482],{"class":73},[63,96613,96614],{"class":382}," unhashable ",[63,96616,418],{"class":417},[63,96618,2482],{"class":73},[63,96620,449],{"class":448},[63,96622,7702],{"class":452},[63,96624,29320],{"class":448},[20,96626,96627],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96629,96630,96631,307],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96632,96633],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[49,96635,1186],{"id":1185},[20,96637,14351,96638,2482],{},[15,96639,95665],{},[30,96641,96642,96647,96652,96655,96662],{},[33,96643,311,96644,96646],{},[15,96645,95660],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,96648,1196,96649,96651],{},[15,96650,95660],{}," to return the updated set",[33,96653,96654],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,96656,36829,96657,96659,96660],{},[15,96658,95665],{}," with list ",[15,96661,52269],{},[33,96663,96664],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96666,71124],{},[54,96668,96670],{"className":56,"code":96669,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96671,96672,96682,96696,96706,96720],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96673,96674,96676,96678,96680],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96675,70],{"class":69},[63,96677,74],{"class":73},[63,96679,15285],{"class":181},[63,96681,397],{"class":73},[63,96683,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96685,70],{"class":69},[63,96687,74],{"class":73},[63,96689,418],{"class":417},[63,96691,74],{"class":73},[63,96693,15285],{"class":181},[63,96695,86],{"class":73},[63,96697,96698,96700,96702,96704],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,96699,70],{"class":69},[63,96701,74],{"class":73},[63,96703,1002],{"class":181},[63,96705,397],{"class":73},[63,96707,96708,96710,96712,96714,96716,96718],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,96709,70],{"class":69},[63,96711,74],{"class":73},[63,96713,418],{"class":417},[63,96715,74],{"class":73},[63,96717,1002],{"class":181},[63,96719,86],{"class":73},[63,96721,96722,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,96723,31774],{"class":69},[63,96725,74],{"class":73},[63,96727,5890],{"class":417},[63,96729,307],{"class":73},[63,96731,81724],{"class":24370},[63,96733,397],{"class":73},[20,96735,96736,96737,96739,96740,307],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96738,95665],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[303,96741,52666],{"href":96742},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[49,96744,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,96746,1459,96748,96750],{"id":96747},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96749,95665],{}," return a new set?",[20,96752,96753,96754,307],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96755,3373],{},[1193,96757,96759],{"id":96758},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96761,96762],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1193,96764,96766],{"id":96765},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96768,128,96769,10704,96772,307],{},[15,96770,96771],{},"set.update()",[15,96773,95660],{},[1193,96775,96777],{"id":96776},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96779,96780,96781,307],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96782,2602],{},[49,96784,1517],{"id":1516},[30,96786,96787,96791,96796],{},[33,96788,96789],{},[303,96790,95785],{"href":95784},[33,96792,96793],{},[303,96794,96795],{"href":95788},"How to create a set in Python",[33,96797,96798],{},[303,96799,96271,96800,10352],{"href":96270},[15,96801,14572],{},[20,96803,96804,96805,96807],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96806,95660],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1542,96809,96810],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":96812},[96813,96814,96816,96817,96818,96819,96823,96827,96828,96829,96836],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":95757,"depth":89,"text":96815},"What set.add() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":96000,"depth":89,"text":96001},{"id":96091,"depth":89,"text":96820,"children":96821},"add() vs update()",[96822],{"id":96251,"depth":254,"text":96252},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037,"children":96824},[96825,96826],{"id":96290,"depth":254,"text":96291},{"id":61388,"depth":254,"text":96347},{"id":96423,"depth":89,"text":96424},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":96830},[96831,96833,96834,96835],{"id":96747,"depth":254,"text":96832},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96758,"depth":254,"text":96759},{"id":96765,"depth":254,"text":96766},{"id":96776,"depth":254,"text":96777},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95651,"description":96837},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96844,"title":96845,"body":96846,"description":98015,"extension":1580,"meta":98016,"navigation":579,"path":98017,"seo":98018,"stem":98019,"__hash__":98020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96847,"toc":97982},[96848,96853,96859,96866,96911,96913,96924,96929,96934,96938,96952,96957,96959,96961,96976,96978,96992,96994,96996,97061,97063,97073,97075,97093,97099,97106,97111,97185,97187,97204,97210,97215,97286,97288,97315,97332,97335,97341,97343,97350,97354,97421,97423,97438,97441,97494,97496,97504,97516,97518,97522,97527,97529,97578,97580,97588,97590,97635,97637,97647,97653,97661,97674,97680,97682,97711,97713,97731,97735,97738,97769,97771,97789,97793,97868,97870,97886,97893,97895,97900,97905,97911,97914,97918,97926,97933,97941,97943,97979],[10,96849,95657,96851,10935],{"id":96850},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96852,10934],{},[20,96854,96855,96858],{},[15,96856,96857],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96860,96861,96862,96865],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[833,96863,96864],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[54,96867,96869],{"className":56,"code":96868,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96870,96871,96891,96901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96872,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96874,3211],{"class":382},[63,96876,386],{"class":270},[63,96878,10102],{"class":73},[63,96880,674],{"class":82},[63,96882,102],{"class":73},[63,96884,105],{"class":82},[63,96886,102],{"class":73},[63,96888,518],{"class":82},[63,96890,8919],{"class":73},[63,96892,96893,96895,96897,96899],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,96894,3243],{"class":382},[63,96896,307],{"class":73},[63,96898,10996],{"class":181},[63,96900,8252],{"class":73},[63,96902,96903,96905,96907,96909],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,96904,70],{"class":69},[63,96906,74],{"class":73},[63,96908,3243],{"class":181},[63,96910,397],{"class":73},[20,96912,110],{},[54,96914,96916],{"className":56,"code":96915,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n",[15,96917,96918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96919,96920,96922],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96921,5890],{"class":417},[63,96923,8252],{"class":73},[20,96925,96926,96928],{},[15,96927,10934],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[49,96930,138,96932,141],{"id":96931},"what-setclear-does",[15,96933,96857],{},[20,96935,1597,96936,11026],{},[15,96937,10934],{},[30,96939,96940,96943,96945,96949],{},[33,96941,96942],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,96944,95772],{},[33,96946,11037,96947],{},[15,96948,3373],{},[33,96950,96951],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96953,95781,96954,71223],{},[303,96955,95785],{"href":96956},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[49,96958,164],{"id":163},[20,96960,54064],{},[54,96962,96964],{"className":56,"code":96963,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96965,96966],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96967,96968,96970,96972,96974],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96969,15285],{"class":382},[63,96971,307],{"class":73},[63,96973,10996],{"class":181},[63,96975,8252],{"class":73},[20,96977,12668],{},[30,96979,96980,96983,96986,96989],{},[33,96981,96982],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,96984,96985],{},"It empties the set",[33,96987,96988],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,96990,96991],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[49,96993,11089],{"id":11088},[20,96995,11092],{},[54,96997,96999],{"className":56,"code":96998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97000,97001,97033,97037,97047,97051],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97002,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011,97013,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97004,12692],{"class":382},[63,97006,386],{"class":270},[63,97008,10102],{"class":73},[63,97010,2455],{"class":448},[63,97012,12709],{"class":452},[63,97014,2455],{"class":448},[63,97016,102],{"class":73},[63,97018,1375],{"class":448},[63,97020,17074],{"class":452},[63,97022,2455],{"class":448},[63,97024,102],{"class":73},[63,97026,1375],{"class":448},[63,97028,12726],{"class":452},[63,97030,2455],{"class":448},[63,97032,8919],{"class":73},[63,97034,97035],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97036,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97038,97039,97041,97043,97045],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,97040,17121],{"class":382},[63,97042,307],{"class":73},[63,97044,10996],{"class":181},[63,97046,8252],{"class":73},[63,97048,97049],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,97050,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97052,97053,97055,97057,97059],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,97054,70],{"class":69},[63,97056,74],{"class":73},[63,97058,17121],{"class":181},[63,97060,397],{"class":73},[20,97062,110],{},[54,97064,97065],{"className":56,"code":96915,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,97066,97067],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97068,97069,97071],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97070,5890],{"class":417},[63,97072,8252],{"class":73},[20,97074,11298],{},[30,97076,97077,97082,97087],{},[33,97078,97079,97081],{},[15,97080,17121],{}," starts with three values",[33,97083,97084,11311],{},[15,97085,97086],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97088,97089,97090,97092],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97091,3392],{},", which means an empty set",[49,97094,97096,97098],{"id":97095},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97097,10934],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97100,97101,3993,97103,97105],{},[15,97102,10934],{},[15,97104,3392],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1193,97107,311,97109],{"id":97108},"using-clear",[15,97110,10934],{},[54,97112,97114],{"className":56,"code":97113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97115,97116,97136,97146,97150,97160,97164,97174],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97117,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132,97134],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97119,7386],{"class":382},[63,97121,386],{"class":270},[63,97123,10102],{"class":73},[63,97125,674],{"class":82},[63,97127,102],{"class":73},[63,97129,105],{"class":82},[63,97131,102],{"class":73},[63,97133,518],{"class":82},[63,97135,8919],{"class":73},[63,97137,97138,97141,97143],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97139,97140],{"class":382},"other_name ",[63,97142,386],{"class":270},[63,97144,97145],{"class":382}," items\n",[63,97147,97148],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,97149,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97151,97152,97154,97156,97158],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,97153,7417],{"class":382},[63,97155,307],{"class":73},[63,97157,10996],{"class":181},[63,97159,8252],{"class":73},[63,97161,97162],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,97163,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97165,97166,97168,97170,97172],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,97167,70],{"class":69},[63,97169,74],{"class":73},[63,97171,7417],{"class":181},[63,97173,397],{"class":73},[63,97175,97176,97178,97180,97183],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,97177,70],{"class":69},[63,97179,74],{"class":73},[63,97181,97182],{"class":181},"other_name",[63,97184,397],{"class":73},[20,97186,110],{},[54,97188,97190],{"className":56,"code":97189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97191,97192,97198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97193,97194,97196],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97195,5890],{"class":417},[63,97197,8252],{"class":73},[63,97199,97200,97202],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97201,5890],{"class":417},[63,97203,8252],{"class":73},[20,97205,97206,97207,307],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[833,97208,97209],{},"same set object",[1193,97211,311,97213],{"id":97212},"using-set",[15,97214,3392],{},[54,97216,97218],{"className":56,"code":97217,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97219,97220,97240,97248,97252,97262,97266,97276],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97221,97222,97224,97226,97228,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97223,7386],{"class":382},[63,97225,386],{"class":270},[63,97227,10102],{"class":73},[63,97229,674],{"class":82},[63,97231,102],{"class":73},[63,97233,105],{"class":82},[63,97235,102],{"class":73},[63,97237,518],{"class":82},[63,97239,8919],{"class":73},[63,97241,97242,97244,97246],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97243,97140],{"class":382},[63,97245,386],{"class":270},[63,97247,97145],{"class":382},[63,97249,97250],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,97251,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97253,97254,97256,97258,97260],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,97255,7386],{"class":382},[63,97257,386],{"class":270},[63,97259,15252],{"class":417},[63,97261,8252],{"class":73},[63,97263,97264],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,97265,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97267,97268,97270,97272,97274],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,97269,70],{"class":69},[63,97271,74],{"class":73},[63,97273,7417],{"class":181},[63,97275,397],{"class":73},[63,97277,97278,97280,97282,97284],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,97279,70],{"class":69},[63,97281,74],{"class":73},[63,97283,97182],{"class":181},[63,97285,397],{"class":73},[20,97287,110],{},[54,97289,97291],{"className":56,"code":97290,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97292,97293,97299],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97294,97295,97297],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97296,5890],{"class":417},[63,97298,8252],{"class":73},[63,97300,97301,97303,97305,97307,97309,97311,97313],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97302,8888],{"class":73},[63,97304,674],{"class":82},[63,97306,102],{"class":73},[63,97308,105],{"class":82},[63,97310,102],{"class":73},[63,97312,518],{"class":82},[63,97314,8919],{"class":73},[20,97316,20390,97317,92713,97320,97323,97324,307,97326,97328,97329,97331],{},[15,97318,97319],{},"items = set()",[833,97321,97322],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97325,7417],{},[9457,97327],{},"\nBut ",[15,97330,97182],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97333,97334],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97336,97337,97338,307],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[303,97339,95789],{"href":97340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[49,97342,17037],{"id":17036},[20,97344,97345,13671,97347,97349],{},[15,97346,10934],{},[833,97348,973],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97351,4750,97352,307],{},[15,97353,3373],{},[54,97355,97357],{"className":56,"code":97356,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97358,97359,97379,97383,97397,97401,97411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97360,97361,97363,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97362,3211],{"class":382},[63,97364,386],{"class":270},[63,97366,10102],{"class":73},[63,97368,674],{"class":82},[63,97370,102],{"class":73},[63,97372,105],{"class":82},[63,97374,102],{"class":73},[63,97376,518],{"class":82},[63,97378,8919],{"class":73},[63,97380,97381],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97382,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97384,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,97386,383],{"class":382},[63,97388,386],{"class":270},[63,97390,3862],{"class":382},[63,97392,307],{"class":73},[63,97394,10996],{"class":181},[63,97396,8252],{"class":73},[63,97398,97399],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,97400,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97402,97403,97405,97407,97409],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,97404,70],{"class":69},[63,97406,74],{"class":73},[63,97408,406],{"class":181},[63,97410,397],{"class":73},[63,97412,97413,97415,97417,97419],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,97414,70],{"class":69},[63,97416,74],{"class":73},[63,97418,3243],{"class":181},[63,97420,397],{"class":73},[20,97422,110],{},[54,97424,97426],{"className":56,"code":97425,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\nset()\n",[15,97427,97428,97432],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97429,97430],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97431,11423],{"class":3448},[63,97433,97434,97436],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97435,5890],{"class":417},[63,97437,8252],{"class":73},[20,97439,97440],{},"Do not do this:",[54,97442,97444],{"className":56,"code":97443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97445,97446,97466,97480,97484],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97447,97448,97450,97452,97454,97456,97458,97460,97462,97464],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97449,3211],{"class":382},[63,97451,386],{"class":270},[63,97453,10102],{"class":73},[63,97455,674],{"class":82},[63,97457,102],{"class":73},[63,97459,105],{"class":82},[63,97461,102],{"class":73},[63,97463,518],{"class":82},[63,97465,8919],{"class":73},[63,97467,97468,97470,97472,97474,97476,97478],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97469,3211],{"class":382},[63,97471,386],{"class":270},[63,97473,3862],{"class":382},[63,97475,307],{"class":73},[63,97477,10996],{"class":181},[63,97479,8252],{"class":73},[63,97481,97482],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,97483,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97485,97486,97488,97490,97492],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,97487,70],{"class":69},[63,97489,74],{"class":73},[63,97491,3243],{"class":181},[63,97493,397],{"class":73},[20,97495,110],{},[54,97497,97498],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,97499,97500],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97501,97502],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97503,11423],{"class":3448},[20,97505,21809,97506,2004,97508,97510,97511,97513,97514,307],{},[15,97507,54177],{},[15,97509,3373],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97512,3373],{}," back to ",[15,97515,3243],{},[49,97517,4119],{"id":4118},[20,97519,10359,97520,307],{},[15,97521,96857],{},[1193,97523,12210,97525],{"id":97524},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97526,10934],{},[20,97528,16262],{},[54,97530,97532],{"className":56,"code":97531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97533,97534,97554,97568],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97535,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544,97546,97548,97550,97552],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97537,15247],{"class":382},[63,97539,386],{"class":270},[63,97541,10102],{"class":73},[63,97543,674],{"class":82},[63,97545,102],{"class":73},[63,97547,105],{"class":82},[63,97549,102],{"class":73},[63,97551,518],{"class":82},[63,97553,8919],{"class":73},[63,97555,97556,97558,97560,97562,97564,97566],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97557,15247],{"class":382},[63,97559,386],{"class":270},[63,97561,96381],{"class":382},[63,97563,307],{"class":73},[63,97565,10996],{"class":181},[63,97567,8252],{"class":73},[63,97569,97570,97572,97574,97576],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,97571,70],{"class":69},[63,97573,74],{"class":73},[63,97575,15285],{"class":181},[63,97577,397],{"class":73},[20,97579,110],{},[54,97581,97582],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,97583,97584],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97585,97586],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97587,11423],{"class":3448},[20,97589,16274],{},[54,97591,97593],{"className":56,"code":97592,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97594,97595,97615,97625],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97596,97597,97599,97601,97603,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97598,15247],{"class":382},[63,97600,386],{"class":270},[63,97602,10102],{"class":73},[63,97604,674],{"class":82},[63,97606,102],{"class":73},[63,97608,105],{"class":82},[63,97610,102],{"class":73},[63,97612,518],{"class":82},[63,97614,8919],{"class":73},[63,97616,97617,97619,97621,97623],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97618,15285],{"class":382},[63,97620,307],{"class":73},[63,97622,10996],{"class":181},[63,97624,8252],{"class":73},[63,97626,97627,97629,97631,97633],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,97628,70],{"class":69},[63,97630,74],{"class":73},[63,97632,15285],{"class":181},[63,97634,397],{"class":73},[20,97636,110],{},[54,97638,97639],{"className":56,"code":96915,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,97640,97641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97642,97643,97645],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97644,5890],{"class":417},[63,97646,8252],{"class":73},[1193,97648,1196,97650,97652],{"id":97649},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97651,10934],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97654,97655,97657,97658,97660],{},[15,97656,10934],{}," removes ",[833,97659,3310],{}," items from the set.",[20,97662,97663,97664,632,97669,307],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[303,97665,97667],{"href":97666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97668,55146],{},[303,97670,97672],{"href":97671},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97673,12378],{},[1193,97675,311,97677,97679],{"id":97676},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97678,3387],{}," for an empty set",[20,97681,25310],{},[54,97683,97685],{"className":56,"code":97684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97686,97687,97696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97688,97689,97692,97694],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97690,97691],{"class":382},"empty_value ",[63,97693,386],{"class":270},[63,97695,9449],{"class":73},[63,97697,97698,97700,97702,97704,97706,97709],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97699,70],{"class":69},[63,97701,74],{"class":73},[63,97703,418],{"class":417},[63,97705,74],{"class":73},[63,97707,97708],{"class":181},"empty_value",[63,97710,86],{"class":73},[20,97712,110],{},[54,97714,97715],{"className":56,"code":8418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,97716,97717],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97718,97719,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97720,441],{"class":270},[63,97722,445],{"class":444},[63,97724,449],{"class":448},[63,97726,8431],{"class":452},[63,97728,456],{"class":448},[63,97730,459],{"class":270},[20,97732,97733,8398],{},[15,97734,3387],{},[20,97736,97737],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[54,97739,97741],{"className":56,"code":97740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97742,97743,97754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97744,97745,97748,97750,97752],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97746,97747],{"class":382},"empty_set ",[63,97749,386],{"class":270},[63,97751,15252],{"class":417},[63,97753,8252],{"class":73},[63,97755,97756,97758,97760,97762,97764,97767],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97757,70],{"class":69},[63,97759,74],{"class":73},[63,97761,418],{"class":417},[63,97763,74],{"class":73},[63,97765,97766],{"class":181},"empty_set",[63,97768,86],{"class":73},[20,97770,110],{},[54,97772,97773],{"className":56,"code":8462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,97774,97775],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97776,97777,97779,97781,97783,97785,97787],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97778,441],{"class":270},[63,97780,445],{"class":444},[63,97782,449],{"class":448},[63,97784,5890],{"class":452},[63,97786,456],{"class":448},[63,97788,459],{"class":270},[1193,97790,97792],{"id":97791},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[54,97794,97796],{"className":56,"code":97795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97797,97798,97822,97830,97834,97844,97848,97858],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97799,97800,97802,97804,97806,97808,97810,97812,97814,97816,97818,97820],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97801,2157],{"class":382},[63,97803,386],{"class":270},[63,97805,10102],{"class":73},[63,97807,2455],{"class":448},[63,97809,1786],{"class":452},[63,97811,2455],{"class":448},[63,97813,102],{"class":73},[63,97815,1375],{"class":448},[63,97817,11360],{"class":452},[63,97819,2455],{"class":448},[63,97821,8919],{"class":73},[63,97823,97824,97826,97828],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97825,2185],{"class":382},[63,97827,386],{"class":270},[63,97829,35799],{"class":382},[63,97831,97832],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,97833,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97835,97836,97838,97840,97842],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,97837,303],{"class":382},[63,97839,307],{"class":73},[63,97841,10996],{"class":181},[63,97843,8252],{"class":73},[63,97845,97846],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,97847,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,97849,97850,97852,97854,97856],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,97851,70],{"class":69},[63,97853,74],{"class":73},[63,97855,303],{"class":181},[63,97857,397],{"class":73},[63,97859,97860,97862,97864,97866],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,97861,70],{"class":69},[63,97863,74],{"class":73},[63,97865,4362],{"class":181},[63,97867,397],{"class":73},[20,97869,110],{},[54,97871,97872],{"className":56,"code":97189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,97873,97874,97880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97875,97876,97878],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97877,5890],{"class":417},[63,97879,8252],{"class":73},[63,97881,97882,97884],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,97883,5890],{"class":417},[63,97885,8252],{"class":73},[20,97887,28681,97888,3993,97890,97892],{},[15,97889,303],{},[15,97891,4362],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[49,97894,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,97896,4744,97898,4747],{"id":97897},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97899,96857],{},[20,97901,4750,97902,97904],{},[15,97903,3373],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1193,97906,1459,97908,97910],{"id":97907},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97909,10934],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97912,97913],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1193,97915,97917],{"id":97916},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97919,97920,97921,97923,97924,307],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97922,10934],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97925,3392],{},[1193,97927,4781,97929,3993,97931,1506],{"id":97928},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97930,10934],{},[15,97932,3392],{},[20,97934,97935,97937,97938,97940],{},[15,97936,10934],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97939,3392],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[49,97942,1517],{"id":1516},[30,97944,97945,97949,97953,97960,97966,97972],{},[33,97946,97947],{},[303,97948,95785],{"href":96956},[33,97950,97951],{},[303,97952,96795],{"href":97340},[33,97954,97955],{},[303,97956,96271,97958,10352],{"href":97957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97959,95660],{},[33,97961,97962],{},[303,97963,96271,97964,10352],{"href":97666},[15,97965,55146],{},[33,97967,97968],{},[303,97969,96271,97970,10352],{"href":97671},[15,97971,12378],{},[33,97973,97974],{},[303,97975,96271,97977,10352],{"href":97976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97978,14572],{},[1542,97980,97981],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":97983},[97984,97986,97987,97988,97995,97996,98005,98014],{"id":96931,"depth":89,"text":97985},"What set.clear() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":97095,"depth":89,"text":97989,"children":97990},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97991,97993],{"id":97108,"depth":254,"text":97992},"Using clear()",{"id":97212,"depth":254,"text":97994},"Using set()",{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":97997},[97998,98000,98002,98004],{"id":97524,"depth":254,"text":97999},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97649,"depth":254,"text":98001},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97676,"depth":254,"text":98003},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97791,"depth":254,"text":97792},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":98006},[98007,98009,98011,98012],{"id":97897,"depth":254,"text":98008},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97907,"depth":254,"text":98010},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97916,"depth":254,"text":97917},{"id":97928,"depth":254,"text":98013},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96845,"description":98015},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98022,"title":98023,"body":98024,"description":99856,"extension":1580,"meta":99857,"navigation":579,"path":95788,"seo":99858,"stem":99859,"__hash__":99860},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98025,"toc":99813},[98026,98029,98032,98035,98037,98140,98144,98191,98197,98199,98218,98222,98225,98227,98241,98250,98254,98257,98292,98296,98316,98319,98323,98326,98387,98391,98416,98423,98429,98434,98436,98448,98452,98501,98505,98529,98536,98540,98581,98585,98606,98610,98643,98647,98688,98691,98695,98700,98739,98743,98768,98773,98779,98816,98820,98843,98847,98849,98852,98855,98932,98936,98973,98976,98980,98986,98989,98999,99048,99054,99060,99087,99090,99112,99114,99145,99148,99152,99156,99195,99199,99262,99265,99298,99302,99327,99329,99332,99338,99341,99368,99371,99389,99393,99397,99400,99443,99446,99450,99453,99456,99486,99489,99493,99496,99511,99516,99520,99523,99612,99614,99617,99707,99710,99728,99730,99734,99744,99748,99756,99760,99763,99767,99770,99774,99777,99779,99807,99810],[10,98027,98023],{"id":98028},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98030,98031],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98033,98034],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[49,98036,3201],{"id":3200},[54,98038,98040],{"className":56,"code":98039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98041,98042,98062,98096,98106,98110,98120,98130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98043,98044,98046,98048,98050,98052,98054,98056,98058,98060],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98045,3211],{"class":382},[63,98047,386],{"class":270},[63,98049,10102],{"class":73},[63,98051,674],{"class":82},[63,98053,102],{"class":73},[63,98055,105],{"class":82},[63,98057,102],{"class":73},[63,98059,518],{"class":82},[63,98061,8919],{"class":73},[63,98063,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078,98080,98082,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092,98094],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98065,3668],{"class":382},[63,98067,386],{"class":270},[63,98069,15252],{"class":417},[63,98071,2583],{"class":73},[63,98073,2455],{"class":448},[63,98075,3677],{"class":452},[63,98077,2455],{"class":448},[63,98079,102],{"class":73},[63,98081,1375],{"class":448},[63,98083,3686],{"class":452},[63,98085,2455],{"class":448},[63,98087,102],{"class":73},[63,98089,1375],{"class":448},[63,98091,3677],{"class":452},[63,98093,2455],{"class":448},[63,98095,191],{"class":73},[63,98097,98098,98100,98102,98104],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,98099,97747],{"class":382},[63,98101,386],{"class":270},[63,98103,15252],{"class":417},[63,98105,8252],{"class":73},[63,98107,98108],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,98109,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,98111,98112,98114,98116,98118],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,98113,70],{"class":69},[63,98115,74],{"class":73},[63,98117,3243],{"class":181},[63,98119,397],{"class":73},[63,98121,98122,98124,98126,98128],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,98123,70],{"class":69},[63,98125,74],{"class":73},[63,98127,3712],{"class":181},[63,98129,397],{"class":73},[63,98131,98132,98134,98136,98138],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,98133,70],{"class":69},[63,98135,74],{"class":73},[63,98137,97766],{"class":181},[63,98139,397],{"class":73},[20,98141,98142],{},[833,98143,110],{},[54,98145,98147],{"className":56,"code":98146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98148,98149,98165,98185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98150,98151,98153,98155,98157,98159,98161,98163],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98152,8888],{"class":73},[63,98154,674],{"class":82},[63,98156,102],{"class":73},[63,98158,105],{"class":82},[63,98160,102],{"class":73},[63,98162,518],{"class":82},[63,98164,8919],{"class":73},[63,98166,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98168,8888],{"class":73},[63,98170,456],{"class":448},[63,98172,3686],{"class":452},[63,98174,456],{"class":448},[63,98176,102],{"class":73},[63,98178,449],{"class":448},[63,98180,3677],{"class":452},[63,98182,456],{"class":448},[63,98184,8919],{"class":73},[63,98186,98187,98189],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,98188,5890],{"class":417},[63,98190,8252],{"class":73},[20,98192,98193,98194,98196],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98195,3392],{}," for an empty set.",[49,98198,14781],{"id":14780},[30,98200,98201,98204,98209,98212,98215],{},[33,98202,98203],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98205,98206,98207],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98208,3392],{},[33,98210,98211],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98213,98214],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98216,98217],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[49,98219,98221],{"id":98220},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98223,98224],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98226,30161],{},[30,98228,98229,98232,98235,98238],{},[33,98230,98231],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98233,98234],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98236,98237],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98239,98240],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98242,98243,98244,632,98246,307],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[303,98245,95785],{"href":96956},[303,98247,98249],{"href":98248},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[49,98251,98253],{"id":98252},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98255,98256],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[54,98258,98260],{"className":56,"code":98259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98261,98262,98282],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98263,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98265,3211],{"class":382},[63,98267,386],{"class":270},[63,98269,10102],{"class":73},[63,98271,674],{"class":82},[63,98273,102],{"class":73},[63,98275,105],{"class":82},[63,98277,102],{"class":73},[63,98279,518],{"class":82},[63,98281,8919],{"class":73},[63,98283,98284,98286,98288,98290],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98285,70],{"class":69},[63,98287,74],{"class":73},[63,98289,3243],{"class":181},[63,98291,397],{"class":73},[20,98293,98294],{},[833,98295,29650],{},[54,98297,98298],{"className":56,"code":96064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,98299,98300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98301,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98303,8888],{"class":73},[63,98305,674],{"class":82},[63,98307,102],{"class":73},[63,98309,105],{"class":82},[63,98311,102],{"class":73},[63,98313,518],{"class":82},[63,98315,8919],{"class":73},[20,98317,98318],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1193,98320,98322],{"id":98321},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98324,98325],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[54,98327,98329],{"className":56,"code":98328,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98330,98331,98363,98373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98332,98333,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355,98357,98359,98361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98334,3211],{"class":382},[63,98336,386],{"class":270},[63,98338,10102],{"class":73},[63,98340,674],{"class":82},[63,98342,102],{"class":73},[63,98344,105],{"class":82},[63,98346,102],{"class":73},[63,98348,105],{"class":82},[63,98350,102],{"class":73},[63,98352,518],{"class":82},[63,98354,102],{"class":73},[63,98356,518],{"class":82},[63,98358,102],{"class":73},[63,98360,518],{"class":82},[63,98362,8919],{"class":73},[63,98364,98365,98367,98369,98371],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98366,70],{"class":69},[63,98368,74],{"class":73},[63,98370,3243],{"class":181},[63,98372,397],{"class":73},[63,98374,98375,98377,98379,98381,98383,98385],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,98376,70],{"class":69},[63,98378,74],{"class":73},[63,98380,10774],{"class":69},[63,98382,74],{"class":73},[63,98384,3243],{"class":181},[63,98386,86],{"class":73},[20,98388,98389],{},[833,98390,29650],{},[54,98392,98394],{"className":56,"code":98393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98395,98396,98412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98397,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408,98410],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98399,8888],{"class":73},[63,98401,674],{"class":82},[63,98403,102],{"class":73},[63,98405,105],{"class":82},[63,98407,102],{"class":73},[63,98409,518],{"class":82},[63,98411,8919],{"class":73},[63,98413,98414],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98415,120],{"class":82},[20,98417,20597,98418,3993,98420,98422],{},[15,98419,274],{},[15,98421,715],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[49,98424,98426,98427],{"id":98425},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98428,3392],{},[20,98430,128,98431,98433],{},[15,98432,3392],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98435,5060],{},[30,98437,98438,98440,98442,98444],{},[33,98439,96544],{},[33,98441,95840],{},[33,98443,56082],{},[33,98445,98446],{},[15,98447,35822],{},[1193,98449,98451],{"id":98450},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[54,98453,98455],{"className":56,"code":98454,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98456,98457,98491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98458,98459,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98460,3211],{"class":382},[63,98462,386],{"class":270},[63,98464,15252],{"class":417},[63,98466,2583],{"class":73},[63,98468,674],{"class":82},[63,98470,102],{"class":73},[63,98472,105],{"class":82},[63,98474,102],{"class":73},[63,98476,105],{"class":82},[63,98478,102],{"class":73},[63,98480,518],{"class":82},[63,98482,102],{"class":73},[63,98484,518],{"class":82},[63,98486,102],{"class":73},[63,98488,2061],{"class":82},[63,98490,191],{"class":73},[63,98492,98493,98495,98497,98499],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98494,70],{"class":69},[63,98496,74],{"class":73},[63,98498,3243],{"class":181},[63,98500,397],{"class":73},[20,98502,98503],{},[833,98504,29650],{},[54,98506,98507],{"className":56,"code":95727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,98508,98509],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98510,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521,98523,98525,98527],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98512,8888],{"class":73},[63,98514,674],{"class":82},[63,98516,102],{"class":73},[63,98518,105],{"class":82},[63,98520,102],{"class":73},[63,98522,518],{"class":82},[63,98524,102],{"class":73},[63,98526,2061],{"class":82},[63,98528,8919],{"class":73},[20,98530,98531,98532,307],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[303,98533,98535],{"href":98534},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1193,98537,98539],{"id":98538},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[54,98541,98543],{"className":56,"code":98542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98544,98545,98571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567,98569],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98548,3418],{"class":382},[63,98550,386],{"class":270},[63,98552,15252],{"class":417},[63,98554,5112],{"class":73},[63,98556,1940],{"class":82},[63,98558,102],{"class":73},[63,98560,7397],{"class":82},[63,98562,102],{"class":73},[63,98564,7397],{"class":82},[63,98566,102],{"class":73},[63,98568,7402],{"class":82},[63,98570,86],{"class":73},[63,98572,98573,98575,98577,98579],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98574,70],{"class":69},[63,98576,74],{"class":73},[63,98578,4961],{"class":181},[63,98580,397],{"class":73},[20,98582,98583],{},[833,98584,29650],{},[54,98586,98588],{"className":56,"code":98587,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98589,98590],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98591,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98593,8888],{"class":73},[63,98595,1940],{"class":82},[63,98597,102],{"class":73},[63,98599,7397],{"class":82},[63,98601,102],{"class":73},[63,98603,7402],{"class":82},[63,98605,8919],{"class":73},[1193,98607,98609],{"id":98608},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[54,98611,98613],{"className":56,"code":98612,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98614,98615,98633],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98616,98617,98619,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98618,35714],{"class":382},[63,98620,386],{"class":270},[63,98622,15252],{"class":417},[63,98624,74],{"class":73},[63,98626,2455],{"class":448},[63,98628,3441],{"class":452},[63,98630,2455],{"class":448},[63,98632,397],{"class":73},[63,98634,98635,98637,98639,98641],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98636,70],{"class":69},[63,98638,74],{"class":73},[63,98640,35767],{"class":181},[63,98642,397],{"class":73},[20,98644,98645],{},[833,98646,29650],{},[54,98648,98650],{"className":56,"code":98649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98651,98652],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98653,98654,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674,98676,98678,98680,98682,98684,98686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98655,8888],{"class":73},[63,98657,456],{"class":448},[63,98659,60057],{"class":452},[63,98661,456],{"class":448},[63,98663,102],{"class":73},[63,98665,449],{"class":448},[63,98667,60066],{"class":452},[63,98669,456],{"class":448},[63,98671,102],{"class":73},[63,98673,449],{"class":448},[63,98675,60075],{"class":452},[63,98677,456],{"class":448},[63,98679,102],{"class":73},[63,98681,449],{"class":448},[63,98683,60092],{"class":452},[63,98685,456],{"class":448},[63,98687,8919],{"class":73},[20,98689,98690],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[49,98692,98694],{"id":98693},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98696,98697,98698,307],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98699,3392],{},[54,98701,98703],{"className":56,"code":98702,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98704,98705,98715,98725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98706,98707,98709,98711,98713],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98708,97747],{"class":382},[63,98710,386],{"class":270},[63,98712,15252],{"class":417},[63,98714,8252],{"class":73},[63,98716,98717,98719,98721,98723],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98718,70],{"class":69},[63,98720,74],{"class":73},[63,98722,97766],{"class":181},[63,98724,397],{"class":73},[63,98726,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,98728,70],{"class":69},[63,98730,74],{"class":73},[63,98732,418],{"class":417},[63,98734,74],{"class":73},[63,98736,97766],{"class":181},[63,98738,86],{"class":73},[20,98740,98741],{},[833,98742,110],{},[54,98744,98746],{"className":56,"code":98745,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98747,98748,98754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98749,98750,98752],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98751,5890],{"class":417},[63,98753,8252],{"class":73},[63,98755,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98757,441],{"class":270},[63,98759,445],{"class":444},[63,98761,449],{"class":448},[63,98763,5890],{"class":452},[63,98765,456],{"class":448},[63,98767,459],{"class":270},[1193,98769,44046,98771],{"id":98770},"do-not-use",[15,98772,3387],{},[20,98774,98775,98776,98778],{},"Empty braces do ",[833,98777,973],{}," create a set.",[54,98780,98782],{"className":56,"code":98781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98783,98784,98792,98802],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98785,98786,98788,98790],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98787,97691],{"class":382},[63,98789,386],{"class":270},[63,98791,9449],{"class":73},[63,98793,98794,98796,98798,98800],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98795,70],{"class":69},[63,98797,74],{"class":73},[63,98799,97708],{"class":181},[63,98801,397],{"class":73},[63,98803,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,98805,70],{"class":69},[63,98807,74],{"class":73},[63,98809,418],{"class":417},[63,98811,74],{"class":73},[63,98813,97708],{"class":181},[63,98815,86],{"class":73},[20,98817,98818],{},[833,98819,110],{},[54,98821,98823],{"className":56,"code":98822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98824,98825,98829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98826,98827],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98828,9045],{"class":73},[63,98830,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98832,441],{"class":270},[63,98834,445],{"class":444},[63,98836,449],{"class":448},[63,98838,8431],{"class":452},[63,98840,456],{"class":448},[63,98842,459],{"class":270},[20,98844,98845,8398],{},[15,98846,3387],{},[49,98848,71887],{"id":71886},[20,98850,98851],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98853,98854],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[54,98856,98858],{"className":56,"code":98857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98859,98860,98908,98918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98861,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98863,3668],{"class":382},[63,98865,386],{"class":270},[63,98867,10102],{"class":73},[63,98869,2455],{"class":448},[63,98871,3677],{"class":452},[63,98873,2455],{"class":448},[63,98875,102],{"class":73},[63,98877,1375],{"class":448},[63,98879,3686],{"class":452},[63,98881,2455],{"class":448},[63,98883,102],{"class":73},[63,98885,1375],{"class":448},[63,98887,3677],{"class":452},[63,98889,2455],{"class":448},[63,98891,102],{"class":73},[63,98893,1375],{"class":448},[63,98895,3677],{"class":452},[63,98897,2455],{"class":448},[63,98899,102],{"class":73},[63,98901,1375],{"class":448},[63,98903,32843],{"class":452},[63,98905,2455],{"class":448},[63,98907,8919],{"class":73},[63,98909,98910,98912,98914,98916],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98911,70],{"class":69},[63,98913,74],{"class":73},[63,98915,3712],{"class":181},[63,98917,397],{"class":73},[63,98919,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928,98930],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,98921,70],{"class":69},[63,98923,74],{"class":73},[63,98925,10774],{"class":69},[63,98927,74],{"class":73},[63,98929,3712],{"class":181},[63,98931,86],{"class":73},[20,98933,98934],{},[833,98935,29650],{},[54,98937,98939],{"className":56,"code":98938,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98940,98941,98969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98942,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98944,8888],{"class":73},[63,98946,456],{"class":448},[63,98948,3686],{"class":452},[63,98950,456],{"class":448},[63,98952,102],{"class":73},[63,98954,449],{"class":448},[63,98956,32843],{"class":452},[63,98958,456],{"class":448},[63,98960,102],{"class":73},[63,98962,449],{"class":448},[63,98964,3677],{"class":452},[63,98966,456],{"class":448},[63,98968,8919],{"class":73},[63,98970,98971],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,98972,120],{"class":82},[20,98974,98975],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[49,98977,98979],{"id":98978},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98981,98982,98983,98985],{},"Set items must be ",[833,98984,95828],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98987,98988],{},"These usually work:",[30,98990,98991,98993,98995,98997],{},[33,98992,56079],{},[33,98994,56082],{},[33,98996,95840],{},[33,98998,40217],{},[54,99000,99002],{"className":56,"code":99001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99003,99004,99038],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99005,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99007,3418],{"class":382},[63,99009,386],{"class":270},[63,99011,10102],{"class":73},[63,99013,674],{"class":82},[63,99015,102],{"class":73},[63,99017,1375],{"class":448},[63,99019,3677],{"class":452},[63,99021,2455],{"class":448},[63,99023,102],{"class":73},[63,99025,8846],{"class":73},[63,99027,1940],{"class":82},[63,99029,102],{"class":73},[63,99031,7397],{"class":82},[63,99033,8843],{"class":73},[63,99035,3513],{"class":3448},[63,99037,8919],{"class":73},[63,99039,99040,99042,99044,99046],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99041,70],{"class":69},[63,99043,74],{"class":73},[63,99045,4961],{"class":181},[63,99047,397],{"class":73},[20,99049,99050,99051,99053],{},"These do ",[833,99052,973],{}," work directly:",[30,99055,99056,99058],{},[33,99057,96544],{},[33,99059,96547],{},[54,99061,99063],{"className":56,"code":99062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99064,99065],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99066,99067,99070,99072,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99068,99069],{"class":382},"bad_set ",[63,99071,386],{"class":270},[63,99073,99074],{"class":73}," {[",[63,99076,674],{"class":82},[63,99078,102],{"class":73},[63,99080,105],{"class":82},[63,99082,102],{"class":73},[63,99084,518],{"class":82},[63,99086,13323],{"class":73},[20,99088,99089],{},"This raises an error:",[54,99091,99092],{"className":56,"code":96603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,99093,99094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99095,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99097,2602],{"class":417},[63,99099,2482],{"class":73},[63,99101,96614],{"class":382},[63,99103,418],{"class":417},[63,99105,2482],{"class":73},[63,99107,449],{"class":448},[63,99109,7702],{"class":452},[63,99111,29320],{"class":448},[20,99113,51696],{},[54,99115,99117],{"className":56,"code":99116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99118,99119],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99120,99121,99123,99125,99128,99130,99132,99134,99136,99138,99140,99142],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99122,99069],{"class":382},[63,99124,386],{"class":270},[63,99126,99127],{"class":73}," {{",[63,99129,2455],{"class":448},[63,99131,7274],{"class":452},[63,99133,2455],{"class":448},[63,99135,2482],{"class":73},[63,99137,1375],{"class":448},[63,99139,7283],{"class":452},[63,99141,2455],{"class":448},[63,99143,99144],{"class":73},"}}\n",[20,99146,99147],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[49,99149,99151],{"id":99150},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1193,99153,99155],{"id":99154},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[54,99157,99159],{"className":56,"code":99158,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99160,99161,99185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99162,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99164,3211],{"class":382},[63,99166,386],{"class":270},[63,99168,10102],{"class":73},[63,99170,674],{"class":82},[63,99172,102],{"class":73},[63,99174,105],{"class":82},[63,99176,102],{"class":73},[63,99178,518],{"class":82},[63,99180,102],{"class":73},[63,99182,2061],{"class":82},[63,99184,8919],{"class":73},[63,99186,99187,99189,99191,99193],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99188,70],{"class":69},[63,99190,74],{"class":73},[63,99192,3243],{"class":181},[63,99194,397],{"class":73},[1193,99196,99198],{"id":99197},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[54,99200,99202],{"className":56,"code":99201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99203,99204,99232,99247,99251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99205,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99207,7386],{"class":382},[63,99209,386],{"class":270},[63,99211,3216],{"class":73},[63,99213,674],{"class":82},[63,99215,102],{"class":73},[63,99217,249],{"class":82},[63,99219,102],{"class":73},[63,99221,105],{"class":82},[63,99223,102],{"class":73},[63,99225,518],{"class":82},[63,99227,102],{"class":73},[63,99229,518],{"class":82},[63,99231,3229],{"class":73},[63,99233,99234,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99235,99236],{"class":382},"unique_items ",[63,99238,386],{"class":270},[63,99240,15252],{"class":417},[63,99242,74],{"class":73},[63,99244,7417],{"class":181},[63,99246,397],{"class":73},[63,99248,99249],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,99250,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,99252,99253,99255,99257,99260],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,99254,70],{"class":69},[63,99256,74],{"class":73},[63,99258,99259],{"class":181},"unique_items",[63,99261,397],{"class":73},[1193,99263,98609],{"id":99264},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[54,99266,99268],{"className":56,"code":99267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99269,99270,99288],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99271,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99273,35714],{"class":382},[63,99275,386],{"class":270},[63,99277,15252],{"class":417},[63,99279,74],{"class":73},[63,99281,2455],{"class":448},[63,99283,3686],{"class":452},[63,99285,2455],{"class":448},[63,99287,397],{"class":73},[63,99289,99290,99292,99294,99296],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99291,70],{"class":69},[63,99293,74],{"class":73},[63,99295,35767],{"class":181},[63,99297,397],{"class":73},[1193,99299,99301],{"id":99300},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[54,99303,99305],{"className":56,"code":99304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99306,99307,99317],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99308,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99310,97747],{"class":382},[63,99312,386],{"class":270},[63,99314,15252],{"class":417},[63,99316,8252],{"class":73},[63,99318,99319,99321,99323,99325],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99320,70],{"class":69},[63,99322,74],{"class":73},[63,99324,97766],{"class":181},[63,99326,397],{"class":73},[49,99328,1186],{"id":1185},[20,99330,99331],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1193,99333,311,99335,99337],{"id":99334},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99336,3387],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99339,99340],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[54,99342,99344],{"className":56,"code":99343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99345,99346,99354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99347,99348,99350,99352],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99349,984],{"class":382},[63,99351,386],{"class":270},[63,99353,9449],{"class":73},[63,99355,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99357,70],{"class":69},[63,99359,74],{"class":73},[63,99361,418],{"class":417},[63,99363,74],{"class":73},[63,99365,1002],{"class":181},[63,99367,86],{"class":73},[20,99369,99370],{},"This prints:",[54,99372,99373],{"className":56,"code":8418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,99374,99375],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99376,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385,99387],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99378,441],{"class":270},[63,99380,445],{"class":444},[63,99382,449],{"class":448},[63,99384,8431],{"class":452},[63,99386,456],{"class":448},[63,99388,459],{"class":270},[20,99390,128,99391,6235],{},[15,99392,3392],{},[1193,99394,99396],{"id":99395},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99398,99399],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[54,99401,99403],{"className":56,"code":99402,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99404,99405,99433],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99406,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99408,3211],{"class":382},[63,99410,386],{"class":270},[63,99412,10102],{"class":73},[63,99414,674],{"class":82},[63,99416,102],{"class":73},[63,99418,249],{"class":82},[63,99420,102],{"class":73},[63,99422,105],{"class":82},[63,99424,102],{"class":73},[63,99426,105],{"class":82},[63,99428,102],{"class":73},[63,99430,518],{"class":82},[63,99432,8919],{"class":73},[63,99434,99435,99437,99439,99441],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99436,70],{"class":69},[63,99438,74],{"class":73},[63,99440,3243],{"class":181},[63,99442,397],{"class":73},[20,99444,99445],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1193,99447,99449],{"id":99448},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99451,99452],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99454,99455],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[54,99457,99459],{"className":56,"code":99458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99460,99461,99481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99462,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99464,3211],{"class":382},[63,99466,386],{"class":270},[63,99468,10102],{"class":73},[63,99470,1940],{"class":82},[63,99472,102],{"class":73},[63,99474,7397],{"class":82},[63,99476,102],{"class":73},[63,99478,7402],{"class":82},[63,99480,8919],{"class":73},[63,99482,99483],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99484,99485],{"class":1357},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99487,99488],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1193,99490,99492],{"id":99491},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99494,99495],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[54,99497,99499],{"className":56,"code":99498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99500,99501,99506],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99502,99503],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99504,99505],{"class":1357},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[63,99507,99508],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99509,99510],{"class":1357},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99512,99513,99514,307],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99515,2602],{},[1193,99517,99519],{"id":99518},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99521,99522],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[54,99524,99526],{"className":56,"code":99525,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99527,99528,99548,99580,99584,99598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99529,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99531,15247],{"class":382},[63,99533,386],{"class":270},[63,99535,10102],{"class":73},[63,99537,674],{"class":82},[63,99539,102],{"class":73},[63,99541,105],{"class":82},[63,99543,102],{"class":73},[63,99545,518],{"class":82},[63,99547,8919],{"class":73},[63,99549,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576,99578],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99551,11339],{"class":382},[63,99553,386],{"class":270},[63,99555,10102],{"class":73},[63,99557,2455],{"class":448},[63,99559,303],{"class":452},[63,99561,2455],{"class":448},[63,99563,2482],{"class":73},[63,99565,249],{"class":82},[63,99567,102],{"class":73},[63,99569,1375],{"class":448},[63,99571,4362],{"class":452},[63,99573,2455],{"class":448},[63,99575,2482],{"class":73},[63,99577,105],{"class":82},[63,99579,8919],{"class":73},[63,99581,99582],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,99583,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,99585,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,99587,70],{"class":69},[63,99589,74],{"class":73},[63,99591,418],{"class":417},[63,99593,74],{"class":73},[63,99595,15285],{"class":181},[63,99597,86],{"class":73},[63,99599,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,99601,70],{"class":69},[63,99603,74],{"class":73},[63,99605,418],{"class":417},[63,99607,74],{"class":73},[63,99609,11063],{"class":181},[63,99611,86],{"class":73},[49,99613,92404],{"id":92403},[20,99615,99616],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[54,99618,99620],{"className":56,"code":99619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99621,99622,99648,99652,99666,99676,99690,99697],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99623,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99625,15247],{"class":382},[63,99627,386],{"class":270},[63,99629,15252],{"class":417},[63,99631,2583],{"class":73},[63,99633,674],{"class":82},[63,99635,102],{"class":73},[63,99637,105],{"class":82},[63,99639,102],{"class":73},[63,99641,105],{"class":82},[63,99643,102],{"class":73},[63,99645,518],{"class":82},[63,99647,191],{"class":73},[63,99649,99650],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99651,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,99653,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,99655,70],{"class":69},[63,99657,74],{"class":73},[63,99659,418],{"class":417},[63,99661,74],{"class":73},[63,99663,15285],{"class":181},[63,99665,86],{"class":73},[63,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,99669,70],{"class":69},[63,99671,74],{"class":73},[63,99673,15285],{"class":181},[63,99675,397],{"class":73},[63,99677,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,99679,70],{"class":69},[63,99681,74],{"class":73},[63,99683,10774],{"class":69},[63,99685,74],{"class":73},[63,99687,15285],{"class":181},[63,99689,86],{"class":73},[63,99691,99692,99694],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,99693,70],{"class":69},[63,99695,99696],{"class":73},"({})\n",[63,99698,99699,99701,99703,99705],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,99700,70],{"class":69},[63,99702,74],{"class":73},[63,99704,5890],{"class":417},[63,99706,6799],{"class":73},[20,99708,99709],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,99711,99712,99715,99718,99721],{},[33,99713,99714],{},"The object type",[33,99716,99717],{},"The actual values stored",[33,99719,99720],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,99722,99723,99724,3993,99726],{},"The difference between ",[15,99725,3387],{},[15,99727,3392],{},[49,99729,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,99731,99733],{"id":99732},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99735,99736,99737,99740,99741,99743],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99738,99739],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99742,3392],{}," with another iterable.",[1193,99745,99747],{"id":99746},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99749,128,99750,99752,99753,99755],{},[15,99751,3392],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99754,3387],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1193,99757,99759],{"id":99758},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99761,99762],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1193,99764,99766],{"id":99765},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99768,99769],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1193,99771,99773],{"id":99772},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99775,99776],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[49,99778,1517],{"id":1516},[30,99780,99781,99785,99791,99797,99802],{},[33,99782,99783],{},[303,99784,95785],{"href":96956},[33,99786,99787],{},[303,99788,13,99789,10352],{"href":97957},[15,99790,95665],{},[33,99792,99793],{},[303,99794,13,99795,10352],{"href":97976},[15,99796,96771],{},[33,99798,99799],{},[303,99800,99801],{"href":98534},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,99803,99804],{},[303,99805,99806],{"href":98248},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99808,99809],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1542,99811,99812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":99814},[99815,99816,99817,99818,99821,99827,99831,99832,99833,99839,99847,99848,99855],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":14780,"depth":89,"text":14781},{"id":98220,"depth":89,"text":98221},{"id":98252,"depth":89,"text":98253,"children":99819},[99820],{"id":98321,"depth":254,"text":98322},{"id":98425,"depth":89,"text":99822,"children":99823},"Create a set with set()",[99824,99825,99826],{"id":98450,"depth":254,"text":98451},{"id":98538,"depth":254,"text":98539},{"id":98608,"depth":254,"text":98609},{"id":98693,"depth":89,"text":98694,"children":99828},[99829],{"id":98770,"depth":254,"text":99830},"Do not use {}",{"id":71886,"depth":89,"text":71887},{"id":98978,"depth":89,"text":98979},{"id":99150,"depth":89,"text":99151,"children":99834},[99835,99836,99837,99838],{"id":99154,"depth":254,"text":99155},{"id":99197,"depth":254,"text":99198},{"id":99264,"depth":254,"text":98609},{"id":99300,"depth":254,"text":99301},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":99840},[99841,99843,99844,99845,99846],{"id":99334,"depth":254,"text":99842},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99395,"depth":254,"text":99396},{"id":99448,"depth":254,"text":99449},{"id":99491,"depth":254,"text":99492},{"id":99518,"depth":254,"text":99519},{"id":92403,"depth":89,"text":92404},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":99849},[99850,99851,99852,99853,99854],{"id":99732,"depth":254,"text":99733},{"id":99746,"depth":254,"text":99747},{"id":99758,"depth":254,"text":99759},{"id":99765,"depth":254,"text":99766},{"id":99772,"depth":254,"text":99773},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98023,"description":99856},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99862,"title":99863,"body":99864,"description":102295,"extension":1580,"meta":102296,"navigation":579,"path":102297,"seo":102298,"stem":102299,"__hash__":102300},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99865,"toc":102260},[99866,99872,99878,99881,99883,99960,99962,99979,99989,99991,99996,100004,100006,100022,100026,100028,100030,100033,100054,100057,100081,100087,100089,100186,100188,100205,100215,100217,100219,100227,100229,100240,100242,100333,100335,100359,100370,100372,100374,100377,100507,100509,100582,100584,100605,100608,100610,100616,100621,100624,100751,100753,100770,100773,100775,100783,100786,100790,100798,100889,100891,100928,100933,100940,101017,101019,101035,101040,101045,101047,101056,101064,101145,101147,101176,101179,101183,101194,101197,101280,101282,101303,101309,101311,101313,101317,101321,101328,101393,101395,101415,101418,101487,101489,101505,101509,101515,101527,101535,101537,101622,101624,101653,101656,101660,101665,101667,101717,101720,101801,101803,101819,101823,101826,101901,101904,101908,101911,101988,101990,102023,102029,102033,102036,102171,102173,102187,102189,102191,102197,102200,102207,102215,102221,102224,102228,102231,102233,102235,102257],[10,99867,95657,99869,10935],{"id":99868},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99870,99871],{},"difference()",[20,99873,99874,99877],{},[15,99875,99876],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99879,99880],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[49,99882,3201],{"id":3200},[54,99884,99886],{"className":56,"code":99885,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99887,99888,99912,99932,99950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99889,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99891,2157],{"class":382},[63,99893,386],{"class":270},[63,99895,10102],{"class":73},[63,99897,674],{"class":82},[63,99899,102],{"class":73},[63,99901,105],{"class":82},[63,99903,102],{"class":73},[63,99905,518],{"class":82},[63,99907,102],{"class":73},[63,99909,2061],{"class":82},[63,99911,8919],{"class":73},[63,99913,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928,99930],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,99915,2185],{"class":382},[63,99917,386],{"class":270},[63,99919,10102],{"class":73},[63,99921,715],{"class":82},[63,99923,102],{"class":73},[63,99925,2061],{"class":82},[63,99927,102],{"class":73},[63,99929,4206],{"class":82},[63,99931,8919],{"class":73},[63,99933,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,99935,383],{"class":382},[63,99937,386],{"class":270},[63,99939,56505],{"class":382},[63,99941,307],{"class":73},[63,99943,2413],{"class":181},[63,99945,74],{"class":73},[63,99947,4362],{"class":181},[63,99949,397],{"class":73},[63,99951,99952,99954,99956,99958],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,99953,70],{"class":69},[63,99955,74],{"class":73},[63,99957,406],{"class":181},[63,99959,397],{"class":73},[20,99961,110],{},[54,99963,99965],{"className":56,"code":99964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99966,99967],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99968,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99970,8888],{"class":73},[63,99972,674],{"class":82},[63,99974,102],{"class":73},[63,99976,105],{"class":82},[63,99978,8919],{"class":73},[20,99980,99981,99983,99984,99986,99987,307],{},[15,99982,99871],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99985,303],{}," that are not in ",[15,99988,4362],{},[44534,99990],{},[49,99992,138,99994,141],{"id":99993},"what-difference-does",[15,99995,99871],{},[20,99997,1597,99998,100000,100001,100003],{},[15,99999,99871],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[833,100002,973],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100005,12668],{},[30,100007,100008,100013,100016,100019],{},[33,100009,100010,100012],{},[15,100011,99871],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100014,100015],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100017,100018],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100020,100021],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100023,95781,100024,307],{},[303,100025,95785],{"href":96956},[44534,100027],{},[49,100029,164],{"id":163},[20,100031,100032],{},"Use this form:",[54,100034,100036],{"className":56,"code":100035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100037,100038],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100039,100040,100043,100045,100047,100049,100052],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100041,100042],{"class":382},"set1",[63,100044,307],{"class":73},[63,100046,2413],{"class":181},[63,100048,74],{"class":73},[63,100050,100051],{"class":181},"set2",[63,100053,397],{"class":73},[20,100055,100056],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[54,100058,100060],{"className":56,"code":100059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100061,100062],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100063,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076,100079],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100065,100042],{"class":382},[63,100067,307],{"class":73},[63,100069,2413],{"class":181},[63,100071,74],{"class":73},[63,100073,100051],{"class":181},[63,100075,102],{"class":73},[63,100077,100078],{"class":181}," set3",[63,100080,397],{"class":73},[20,100082,100083,100084,100086],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[833,100085,4956],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100088,1820],{},[54,100090,100092],{"className":56,"code":100091,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100093,100094,100122,100138,100150,100154,100176],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100095,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100097,2157],{"class":382},[63,100099,386],{"class":270},[63,100101,10102],{"class":73},[63,100103,674],{"class":82},[63,100105,102],{"class":73},[63,100107,105],{"class":82},[63,100109,102],{"class":73},[63,100111,518],{"class":82},[63,100113,102],{"class":73},[63,100115,2061],{"class":82},[63,100117,102],{"class":73},[63,100119,4206],{"class":82},[63,100121,8919],{"class":73},[63,100123,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132,100134,100136],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100125,2185],{"class":382},[63,100127,386],{"class":270},[63,100129,10102],{"class":73},[63,100131,274],{"class":82},[63,100133,102],{"class":73},[63,100135,518],{"class":82},[63,100137,8919],{"class":73},[63,100139,100140,100142,100144,100146,100148],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,100141,82804],{"class":382},[63,100143,386],{"class":270},[63,100145,10102],{"class":73},[63,100147,1750],{"class":82},[63,100149,8919],{"class":73},[63,100151,100152],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,100153,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100155,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172,100174],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,100157,383],{"class":382},[63,100159,386],{"class":270},[63,100161,56505],{"class":382},[63,100163,307],{"class":73},[63,100165,2413],{"class":181},[63,100167,74],{"class":73},[63,100169,4362],{"class":181},[63,100171,102],{"class":73},[63,100173,9292],{"class":181},[63,100175,397],{"class":73},[63,100177,100178,100180,100182,100184],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,100179,70],{"class":69},[63,100181,74],{"class":73},[63,100183,406],{"class":181},[63,100185,397],{"class":73},[20,100187,110],{},[54,100189,100191],{"className":56,"code":100190,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100192,100193],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100194,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100196,8888],{"class":73},[63,100198,674],{"class":82},[63,100200,102],{"class":73},[63,100202,2061],{"class":82},[63,100204,8919],{"class":73},[20,100206,100207,100208,100210,100211,632,100213,307],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100209,303],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100212,4362],{},[15,100214,9350],{},[44534,100216],{},[49,100218,17037],{"id":17036},[20,100220,100221,100223,100224,307],{},[15,100222,99871],{}," always returns a ",[833,100225,100226],{},"new set",[20,100228,43267],{},[30,100230,100231,100234,100237],{},[33,100232,100233],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100235,100236],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100238,100239],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100241,1820],{},[54,100243,100245],{"className":56,"code":100244,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100246,100247,100263,100283,100287,100305,100309,100319],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100248,100249,100251,100253,100255,100257,100259,100261],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100250,2157],{"class":382},[63,100252,386],{"class":270},[63,100254,10102],{"class":73},[63,100256,674],{"class":82},[63,100258,102],{"class":73},[63,100260,105],{"class":82},[63,100262,8919],{"class":73},[63,100264,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100266,2185],{"class":382},[63,100268,386],{"class":270},[63,100270,10102],{"class":73},[63,100272,674],{"class":82},[63,100274,102],{"class":73},[63,100276,105],{"class":82},[63,100278,102],{"class":73},[63,100280,518],{"class":82},[63,100282,8919],{"class":73},[63,100284,100285],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,100286,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100288,100289,100291,100293,100295,100297,100299,100301,100303],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,100290,383],{"class":382},[63,100292,386],{"class":270},[63,100294,56505],{"class":382},[63,100296,307],{"class":73},[63,100298,2413],{"class":181},[63,100300,74],{"class":73},[63,100302,4362],{"class":181},[63,100304,397],{"class":73},[63,100306,100307],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,100308,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100310,100311,100313,100315,100317],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,100312,70],{"class":69},[63,100314,74],{"class":73},[63,100316,406],{"class":181},[63,100318,397],{"class":73},[63,100320,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,100322,70],{"class":69},[63,100324,74],{"class":73},[63,100326,418],{"class":417},[63,100328,74],{"class":73},[63,100330,406],{"class":181},[63,100332,86],{"class":73},[20,100334,110],{},[54,100336,100337],{"className":56,"code":98745,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,100338,100339,100345],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100340,100341,100343],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100342,5890],{"class":417},[63,100344,8252],{"class":73},[63,100346,100347,100349,100351,100353,100355,100357],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100348,441],{"class":270},[63,100350,445],{"class":444},[63,100352,449],{"class":448},[63,100354,5890],{"class":452},[63,100356,456],{"class":448},[63,100358,459],{"class":270},[20,100360,100361,100362,18583,100364,100366,100367,100369],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100363,3392],{},[15,100365,3387],{},". In Python, ",[15,100368,3387],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44534,100371],{},[49,100373,11089],{"id":11088},[20,100375,100376],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[54,100378,100380],{"className":56,"code":100379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100381,100382,100415,100448,100452,100472,100476,100486,100497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100383,100384,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100385,100386],{"class":382},"fruits_a ",[63,100388,386],{"class":270},[63,100390,10102],{"class":73},[63,100392,2455],{"class":448},[63,100394,3677],{"class":452},[63,100396,2455],{"class":448},[63,100398,102],{"class":73},[63,100400,1375],{"class":448},[63,100402,3686],{"class":452},[63,100404,2455],{"class":448},[63,100406,102],{"class":73},[63,100408,1375],{"class":448},[63,100410,32843],{"class":452},[63,100412,2455],{"class":448},[63,100414,8919],{"class":73},[63,100416,100417,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100418,100419],{"class":382},"fruits_b ",[63,100421,386],{"class":270},[63,100423,10102],{"class":73},[63,100425,2455],{"class":448},[63,100427,3686],{"class":452},[63,100429,2455],{"class":448},[63,100431,102],{"class":73},[63,100433,1375],{"class":448},[63,100435,32843],{"class":452},[63,100437,2455],{"class":448},[63,100439,102],{"class":73},[63,100441,1375],{"class":448},[63,100443,22153],{"class":452},[63,100445,2455],{"class":448},[63,100447,8919],{"class":73},[63,100449,100450],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,100451,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100453,100454,100456,100458,100461,100463,100465,100467,100470],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,100455,383],{"class":382},[63,100457,386],{"class":270},[63,100459,100460],{"class":382}," fruits_a",[63,100462,307],{"class":73},[63,100464,2413],{"class":181},[63,100466,74],{"class":73},[63,100468,100469],{"class":181},"fruits_b",[63,100471,397],{"class":73},[63,100473,100474],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,100475,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100477,100478,100480,100482,100484],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,100479,70],{"class":69},[63,100481,74],{"class":73},[63,100483,406],{"class":181},[63,100485,397],{"class":73},[63,100487,100488,100490,100492,100495],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,100489,70],{"class":69},[63,100491,74],{"class":73},[63,100493,100494],{"class":181},"fruits_a",[63,100496,397],{"class":73},[63,100498,100499,100501,100503,100505],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,100500,70],{"class":69},[63,100502,74],{"class":73},[63,100504,100469],{"class":181},[63,100506,397],{"class":73},[20,100508,29650],{},[54,100510,100512],{"className":56,"code":100511,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100513,100514,100526,100554],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100515,100516,100518,100520,100522,100524],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100517,8888],{"class":73},[63,100519,456],{"class":448},[63,100521,3677],{"class":452},[63,100523,456],{"class":448},[63,100525,8919],{"class":73},[63,100527,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544,100546,100548,100550,100552],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100529,8888],{"class":73},[63,100531,456],{"class":448},[63,100533,3686],{"class":452},[63,100535,456],{"class":448},[63,100537,102],{"class":73},[63,100539,449],{"class":448},[63,100541,32843],{"class":452},[63,100543,456],{"class":448},[63,100545,102],{"class":73},[63,100547,449],{"class":448},[63,100549,3677],{"class":452},[63,100551,456],{"class":448},[63,100553,8919],{"class":73},[63,100555,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576,100578,100580],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,100557,8888],{"class":73},[63,100559,456],{"class":448},[63,100561,3686],{"class":452},[63,100563,456],{"class":448},[63,100565,102],{"class":73},[63,100567,449],{"class":448},[63,100569,32843],{"class":452},[63,100571,456],{"class":448},[63,100573,102],{"class":73},[63,100575,449],{"class":448},[63,100577,22153],{"class":452},[63,100579,456],{"class":448},[63,100581,8919],{"class":73},[20,100583,11298],{},[30,100585,100586,100591,100596,100602],{},[33,100587,100588,100589],{},"Start with ",[15,100590,100494],{},[33,100592,100593,100594],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100595,100469],{},[33,100597,100598,100599,100601],{},"Only ",[15,100600,57451],{}," remains",[33,100603,100604],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100606,100607],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44534,100609],{},[49,100611,311,100613,100615],{"id":100612},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100614,99871],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100617,100618,100619,307],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100620,99871],{},[20,100622,100623],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[54,100625,100627],{"className":56,"code":100626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100628,100629,100661,100678,100691,100708,100712,100741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100630,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100632,3211],{"class":382},[63,100634,386],{"class":270},[63,100636,10102],{"class":73},[63,100638,674],{"class":82},[63,100640,102],{"class":73},[63,100642,105],{"class":82},[63,100644,102],{"class":73},[63,100646,518],{"class":82},[63,100648,102],{"class":73},[63,100650,2061],{"class":82},[63,100652,102],{"class":73},[63,100654,4206],{"class":82},[63,100656,102],{"class":73},[63,100658,37269],{"class":82},[63,100660,8919],{"class":73},[63,100662,100663,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100664,100665],{"class":382},"group_a ",[63,100667,386],{"class":270},[63,100669,10102],{"class":73},[63,100671,274],{"class":82},[63,100673,102],{"class":73},[63,100675,2061],{"class":82},[63,100677,8919],{"class":73},[63,100679,100680,100683,100685,100687,100689],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,100681,100682],{"class":382},"group_b ",[63,100684,386],{"class":270},[63,100686,10102],{"class":73},[63,100688,1750],{"class":82},[63,100690,8919],{"class":73},[63,100692,100693,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,100694,100695],{"class":382},"group_c ",[63,100697,386],{"class":270},[63,100699,10102],{"class":73},[63,100701,80212],{"class":82},[63,100703,102],{"class":73},[63,100705,5596],{"class":82},[63,100707,8919],{"class":73},[63,100709,100710],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,100711,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100713,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100729,100731,100734,100736,100739],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,100715,383],{"class":382},[63,100717,386],{"class":270},[63,100719,3862],{"class":382},[63,100721,307],{"class":73},[63,100723,2413],{"class":181},[63,100725,74],{"class":73},[63,100727,100728],{"class":181},"group_a",[63,100730,102],{"class":73},[63,100732,100733],{"class":181}," group_b",[63,100735,102],{"class":73},[63,100737,100738],{"class":181}," group_c",[63,100740,397],{"class":73},[63,100742,100743,100745,100747,100749],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,100744,70],{"class":69},[63,100746,74],{"class":73},[63,100748,406],{"class":181},[63,100750,397],{"class":73},[20,100752,110],{},[54,100754,100756],{"className":56,"code":100755,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100757,100758],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100759,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100761,8888],{"class":73},[63,100763,674],{"class":82},[63,100765,102],{"class":73},[63,100767,518],{"class":82},[63,100769,8919],{"class":73},[20,100771,100772],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44534,100774],{},[49,100776,100778,10197,100780],{"id":100777},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100779,99871],{},[15,100781,100782],{},"difference_update()",[20,100784,100785],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1193,100787,100788],{"id":2413},[15,100789,99871],{},[30,100791,100792,100795],{},[33,100793,100794],{},"Returns a new set",[33,100796,100797],{},"Does not change the original set",[54,100799,100801],{"className":56,"code":100800,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100802,100803,100827,100843,100847,100865,100869,100879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100804,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100806,2157],{"class":382},[63,100808,386],{"class":270},[63,100810,10102],{"class":73},[63,100812,674],{"class":82},[63,100814,102],{"class":73},[63,100816,105],{"class":82},[63,100818,102],{"class":73},[63,100820,518],{"class":82},[63,100822,102],{"class":73},[63,100824,2061],{"class":82},[63,100826,8919],{"class":73},[63,100828,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100830,2185],{"class":382},[63,100832,386],{"class":270},[63,100834,10102],{"class":73},[63,100836,715],{"class":82},[63,100838,102],{"class":73},[63,100840,2061],{"class":82},[63,100842,8919],{"class":73},[63,100844,100845],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,100846,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100848,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,100850,383],{"class":382},[63,100852,386],{"class":270},[63,100854,56505],{"class":382},[63,100856,307],{"class":73},[63,100858,2413],{"class":181},[63,100860,74],{"class":73},[63,100862,4362],{"class":181},[63,100864,397],{"class":73},[63,100866,100867],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,100868,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100870,100871,100873,100875,100877],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,100872,70],{"class":69},[63,100874,74],{"class":73},[63,100876,406],{"class":181},[63,100878,397],{"class":73},[63,100880,100881,100883,100885,100887],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,100882,70],{"class":69},[63,100884,74],{"class":73},[63,100886,303],{"class":181},[63,100888,397],{"class":73},[20,100890,110],{},[54,100892,100894],{"className":56,"code":100893,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100895,100896,100908],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100897,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100899,8888],{"class":73},[63,100901,674],{"class":82},[63,100903,102],{"class":73},[63,100905,105],{"class":82},[63,100907,8919],{"class":73},[63,100909,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100911,8888],{"class":73},[63,100913,674],{"class":82},[63,100915,102],{"class":73},[63,100917,105],{"class":82},[63,100919,102],{"class":73},[63,100921,518],{"class":82},[63,100923,102],{"class":73},[63,100925,2061],{"class":82},[63,100927,8919],{"class":73},[1193,100929,100931],{"id":100930},"difference_update",[15,100932,100782],{},[30,100934,100935,100938],{},[33,100936,100937],{},"Changes the original set",[33,100939,95775],{},[54,100941,100943],{"className":56,"code":100942,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100944,100945,100969,100985,100989,101003,101007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100946,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100948,2157],{"class":382},[63,100950,386],{"class":270},[63,100952,10102],{"class":73},[63,100954,674],{"class":82},[63,100956,102],{"class":73},[63,100958,105],{"class":82},[63,100960,102],{"class":73},[63,100962,518],{"class":82},[63,100964,102],{"class":73},[63,100966,2061],{"class":82},[63,100968,8919],{"class":73},[63,100970,100971,100973,100975,100977,100979,100981,100983],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,100972,2185],{"class":382},[63,100974,386],{"class":270},[63,100976,10102],{"class":73},[63,100978,715],{"class":82},[63,100980,102],{"class":73},[63,100982,2061],{"class":82},[63,100984,8919],{"class":73},[63,100986,100987],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,100988,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,100990,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,100992,303],{"class":382},[63,100994,307],{"class":73},[63,100996,100930],{"class":181},[63,100998,74],{"class":73},[63,101000,4362],{"class":181},[63,101002,397],{"class":73},[63,101004,101005],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,101006,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101008,101009,101011,101013,101015],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,101010,70],{"class":69},[63,101012,74],{"class":73},[63,101014,303],{"class":181},[63,101016,397],{"class":73},[20,101018,110],{},[54,101020,101021],{"className":56,"code":99964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,101022,101023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101024,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101026,8888],{"class":73},[63,101028,674],{"class":82},[63,101030,102],{"class":73},[63,101032,105],{"class":82},[63,101034,8919],{"class":73},[20,101036,128,101037,101039],{},[15,101038,99871],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101041,101042,101043,33223],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101044,100782],{},[44534,101046],{},[49,101048,101050,101052,101053,101055],{"id":101049},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101051,99871],{}," vs the ",[15,101054,1639],{}," operator",[20,101057,1597,101058,101060,101061,101063],{},[15,101059,1639],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101062,99871],{}," for two sets.",[54,101065,101067],{"className":56,"code":101066,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101068,101069,101093,101109,101113,101131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101070,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101072,2157],{"class":382},[63,101074,386],{"class":270},[63,101076,10102],{"class":73},[63,101078,674],{"class":82},[63,101080,102],{"class":73},[63,101082,105],{"class":82},[63,101084,102],{"class":73},[63,101086,518],{"class":82},[63,101088,102],{"class":73},[63,101090,2061],{"class":82},[63,101092,8919],{"class":73},[63,101094,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101096,2185],{"class":382},[63,101098,386],{"class":270},[63,101100,10102],{"class":73},[63,101102,715],{"class":82},[63,101104,102],{"class":73},[63,101106,2061],{"class":82},[63,101108,8919],{"class":73},[63,101110,101111],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101112,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101114,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101116,70],{"class":69},[63,101118,74],{"class":73},[63,101120,303],{"class":181},[63,101122,307],{"class":73},[63,101124,2413],{"class":181},[63,101126,74],{"class":73},[63,101128,4362],{"class":181},[63,101130,86],{"class":73},[63,101132,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,101134,70],{"class":69},[63,101136,74],{"class":73},[63,101138,2157],{"class":181},[63,101140,1639],{"class":270},[63,101142,2162],{"class":181},[63,101144,397],{"class":73},[20,101146,110],{},[54,101148,101150],{"className":56,"code":101149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101151,101152,101164],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101153,101154,101156,101158,101160,101162],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101155,8888],{"class":73},[63,101157,674],{"class":82},[63,101159,102],{"class":73},[63,101161,105],{"class":82},[63,101163,8919],{"class":73},[63,101165,101166,101168,101170,101172,101174],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101167,8888],{"class":73},[63,101169,674],{"class":82},[63,101171,102],{"class":73},[63,101173,105],{"class":82},[63,101175,8919],{"class":73},[20,101177,101178],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101180,94209,101181,1506],{},[15,101182,99871],{},[30,101184,101185,101188,101191],{},[33,101186,101187],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101189,101190],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101192,101193],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101195,101196],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[54,101198,101200],{"className":56,"code":101199,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101201,101202,101230,101242,101254,101258],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101203,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101205,2157],{"class":382},[63,101207,386],{"class":270},[63,101209,10102],{"class":73},[63,101211,674],{"class":82},[63,101213,102],{"class":73},[63,101215,105],{"class":82},[63,101217,102],{"class":73},[63,101219,518],{"class":82},[63,101221,102],{"class":73},[63,101223,2061],{"class":82},[63,101225,102],{"class":73},[63,101227,4206],{"class":82},[63,101229,8919],{"class":73},[63,101231,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101233,2185],{"class":382},[63,101235,386],{"class":270},[63,101237,10102],{"class":73},[63,101239,274],{"class":82},[63,101241,8919],{"class":73},[63,101243,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101245,82804],{"class":382},[63,101247,386],{"class":270},[63,101249,10102],{"class":73},[63,101251,952],{"class":82},[63,101253,8919],{"class":73},[63,101255,101256],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101257,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101259,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,101261,70],{"class":69},[63,101263,74],{"class":73},[63,101265,303],{"class":181},[63,101267,307],{"class":73},[63,101269,2413],{"class":181},[63,101271,74],{"class":73},[63,101273,4362],{"class":181},[63,101275,102],{"class":73},[63,101277,9292],{"class":181},[63,101279,86],{"class":73},[20,101281,110],{},[54,101283,101285],{"className":56,"code":101284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101286,101287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101288,101289,101291,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101290,8888],{"class":73},[63,101292,674],{"class":82},[63,101294,102],{"class":73},[63,101296,518],{"class":82},[63,101298,102],{"class":73},[63,101300,4206],{"class":82},[63,101302,8919],{"class":73},[20,101304,101305,101306,101308],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101307,1639],{}," operator expression.",[44534,101310],{},[49,101312,4119],{"id":4118},[20,101314,20831,101315,307],{},[15,101316,99871],{},[1193,101318,101320],{"id":101319},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101322,4229,101323,101325,101326,2482],{},[833,101324,973],{}," change ",[15,101327,303],{},[54,101329,101331],{"className":56,"code":101330,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101332,101333,101353,101365,101369,101383],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101334,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101336,2157],{"class":382},[63,101338,386],{"class":270},[63,101340,10102],{"class":73},[63,101342,674],{"class":82},[63,101344,102],{"class":73},[63,101346,105],{"class":82},[63,101348,102],{"class":73},[63,101350,518],{"class":82},[63,101352,8919],{"class":73},[63,101354,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101356,2185],{"class":382},[63,101358,386],{"class":270},[63,101360,10102],{"class":73},[63,101362,715],{"class":82},[63,101364,8919],{"class":73},[63,101366,101367],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101368,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101370,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101372,303],{"class":382},[63,101374,307],{"class":73},[63,101376,2413],{"class":181},[63,101378,74],{"class":73},[63,101380,4362],{"class":181},[63,101382,397],{"class":73},[63,101384,101385,101387,101389,101391],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,101386,70],{"class":69},[63,101388,74],{"class":73},[63,101390,303],{"class":181},[63,101392,397],{"class":73},[20,101394,110],{},[54,101396,101397],{"className":56,"code":96064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,101398,101399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101400,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101402,8888],{"class":73},[63,101404,674],{"class":82},[63,101406,102],{"class":73},[63,101408,105],{"class":82},[63,101410,102],{"class":73},[63,101412,518],{"class":82},[63,101414,8919],{"class":73},[20,101416,101417],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[54,101419,101421],{"className":56,"code":101420,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101422,101423,101443,101455,101459,101477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101424,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101426,2157],{"class":382},[63,101428,386],{"class":270},[63,101430,10102],{"class":73},[63,101432,674],{"class":82},[63,101434,102],{"class":73},[63,101436,105],{"class":82},[63,101438,102],{"class":73},[63,101440,518],{"class":82},[63,101442,8919],{"class":73},[63,101444,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101446,2185],{"class":382},[63,101448,386],{"class":270},[63,101450,10102],{"class":73},[63,101452,715],{"class":82},[63,101454,8919],{"class":73},[63,101456,101457],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101458,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101460,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101462,2157],{"class":382},[63,101464,386],{"class":270},[63,101466,56505],{"class":382},[63,101468,307],{"class":73},[63,101470,2413],{"class":181},[63,101472,74],{"class":73},[63,101474,4362],{"class":181},[63,101476,397],{"class":73},[63,101478,101479,101481,101483,101485],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,101480,70],{"class":69},[63,101482,74],{"class":73},[63,101484,303],{"class":181},[63,101486,397],{"class":73},[20,101488,110],{},[54,101490,101491],{"className":56,"code":99964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,101492,101493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101496,8888],{"class":73},[63,101498,674],{"class":82},[63,101500,102],{"class":73},[63,101502,105],{"class":82},[63,101504,8919],{"class":73},[1193,101506,101508],{"id":101507},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101510,101511,101514],{},[15,101512,101513],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,101516,101517,101522],{},[33,101518,101519,101520],{},"keep items from ",[15,101521,303],{},[33,101523,101524,101525],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101526,4362],{},[20,101528,970,101529,101531,101532,101534],{},[833,101530,973],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101533,4362],{},"”.",[20,101536,1820],{},[54,101538,101540],{"className":56,"code":101539,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101541,101542,101562,101582,101586,101604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101543,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101545,2157],{"class":382},[63,101547,386],{"class":270},[63,101549,10102],{"class":73},[63,101551,674],{"class":82},[63,101553,102],{"class":73},[63,101555,105],{"class":82},[63,101557,102],{"class":73},[63,101559,518],{"class":82},[63,101561,8919],{"class":73},[63,101563,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101565,2185],{"class":382},[63,101567,386],{"class":270},[63,101569,10102],{"class":73},[63,101571,715],{"class":82},[63,101573,102],{"class":73},[63,101575,2061],{"class":82},[63,101577,102],{"class":73},[63,101579,4206],{"class":82},[63,101581,8919],{"class":73},[63,101583,101584],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101585,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101587,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101589,70],{"class":69},[63,101591,74],{"class":73},[63,101593,303],{"class":181},[63,101595,307],{"class":73},[63,101597,2413],{"class":181},[63,101599,74],{"class":73},[63,101601,4362],{"class":181},[63,101603,86],{"class":73},[63,101605,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,101607,70],{"class":69},[63,101609,74],{"class":73},[63,101611,4362],{"class":181},[63,101613,307],{"class":73},[63,101615,2413],{"class":181},[63,101617,74],{"class":73},[63,101619,303],{"class":181},[63,101621,86],{"class":73},[20,101623,110],{},[54,101625,101627],{"className":56,"code":101626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101628,101629,101641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101630,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101632,8888],{"class":73},[63,101634,674],{"class":82},[63,101636,102],{"class":73},[63,101638,105],{"class":82},[63,101640,8919],{"class":73},[63,101642,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101644,8888],{"class":73},[63,101646,952],{"class":82},[63,101648,102],{"class":73},[63,101650,4206],{"class":82},[63,101652,8919],{"class":73},[20,101654,101655],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1193,101657,101659],{"id":101658},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101661,101662,101664],{},[15,101663,99871],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101666,54936],{},[54,101668,101670],{"className":56,"code":101669,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101671,101672,101692,101708,101712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101673,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101675,2157],{"class":382},[63,101677,386],{"class":270},[63,101679,3216],{"class":73},[63,101681,674],{"class":82},[63,101683,102],{"class":73},[63,101685,105],{"class":82},[63,101687,102],{"class":73},[63,101689,518],{"class":82},[63,101691,3229],{"class":73},[63,101693,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101695,2185],{"class":382},[63,101697,386],{"class":270},[63,101699,3216],{"class":73},[63,101701,715],{"class":82},[63,101703,102],{"class":73},[63,101705,2061],{"class":82},[63,101707,3229],{"class":73},[63,101709,101710],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101711,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101713,101714],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101715,101716],{"class":1357},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101718,101719],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[54,101721,101723],{"className":56,"code":101722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101724,101725,101745,101761,101765,101791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101726,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101728,2157],{"class":382},[63,101730,386],{"class":270},[63,101732,3216],{"class":73},[63,101734,674],{"class":82},[63,101736,102],{"class":73},[63,101738,105],{"class":82},[63,101740,102],{"class":73},[63,101742,518],{"class":82},[63,101744,3229],{"class":73},[63,101746,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101748,2185],{"class":382},[63,101750,386],{"class":270},[63,101752,3216],{"class":73},[63,101754,715],{"class":82},[63,101756,102],{"class":73},[63,101758,2061],{"class":82},[63,101760,3229],{"class":73},[63,101762,101763],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101764,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101766,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101768,383],{"class":382},[63,101770,386],{"class":270},[63,101772,15252],{"class":417},[63,101774,74],{"class":73},[63,101776,303],{"class":181},[63,101778,8240],{"class":73},[63,101780,2413],{"class":181},[63,101782,74],{"class":73},[63,101784,5890],{"class":417},[63,101786,74],{"class":73},[63,101788,4362],{"class":181},[63,101790,86],{"class":73},[63,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,101794,70],{"class":69},[63,101796,74],{"class":73},[63,101798,406],{"class":181},[63,101800,397],{"class":73},[20,101802,110],{},[54,101804,101805],{"className":56,"code":99964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,101806,101807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101810,8888],{"class":73},[63,101812,674],{"class":82},[63,101814,102],{"class":73},[63,101816,105],{"class":82},[63,101818,8919],{"class":73},[1193,101820,101822],{"id":101821},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101824,101825],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[54,101827,101829],{"className":56,"code":101828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101830,101831,101863,101879,101883],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101832,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101834,2157],{"class":382},[63,101836,386],{"class":270},[63,101838,10102],{"class":73},[63,101840,2455],{"class":448},[63,101842,36672],{"class":452},[63,101844,2455],{"class":448},[63,101846,102],{"class":73},[63,101848,1375],{"class":448},[63,101850,57745],{"class":452},[63,101852,2455],{"class":448},[63,101854,102],{"class":73},[63,101856,1375],{"class":448},[63,101858,57762],{"class":452},[63,101860,2455],{"class":448},[63,101862,8919],{"class":73},[63,101864,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101866,2185],{"class":382},[63,101868,386],{"class":270},[63,101870,10102],{"class":73},[63,101872,2455],{"class":448},[63,101874,57745],{"class":452},[63,101876,2455],{"class":448},[63,101878,8919],{"class":73},[63,101880,101881],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101882,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101884,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101886,70],{"class":69},[63,101888,74],{"class":73},[63,101890,303],{"class":181},[63,101892,307],{"class":73},[63,101894,2413],{"class":181},[63,101896,74],{"class":73},[63,101898,4362],{"class":181},[63,101900,86],{"class":73},[20,101902,101903],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1193,101905,101907],{"id":101906},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101909,101910],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[54,101912,101914],{"className":56,"code":101913,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101915,101916,101944,101956,101960,101970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101917,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101919,2157],{"class":382},[63,101921,386],{"class":270},[63,101923,10102],{"class":73},[63,101925,674],{"class":82},[63,101927,102],{"class":73},[63,101929,249],{"class":82},[63,101931,102],{"class":73},[63,101933,105],{"class":82},[63,101935,102],{"class":73},[63,101937,105],{"class":82},[63,101939,102],{"class":73},[63,101941,518],{"class":82},[63,101943,8919],{"class":73},[63,101945,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,101947,2185],{"class":382},[63,101949,386],{"class":270},[63,101951,10102],{"class":73},[63,101953,715],{"class":82},[63,101955,8919],{"class":73},[63,101957,101958],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,101959,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,101961,101962,101964,101966,101968],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,101963,70],{"class":69},[63,101965,74],{"class":73},[63,101967,303],{"class":181},[63,101969,397],{"class":73},[63,101971,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,101973,70],{"class":69},[63,101975,74],{"class":73},[63,101977,303],{"class":181},[63,101979,307],{"class":73},[63,101981,2413],{"class":181},[63,101983,74],{"class":73},[63,101985,4362],{"class":181},[63,101987,86],{"class":73},[20,101989,110],{},[54,101991,101993],{"className":56,"code":101992,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101994,101995,102011],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101996,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007,102009],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101998,8888],{"class":73},[63,102000,674],{"class":82},[63,102002,102],{"class":73},[63,102004,105],{"class":82},[63,102006,102],{"class":73},[63,102008,518],{"class":82},[63,102010,8919],{"class":73},[63,102012,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102014,8888],{"class":73},[63,102016,674],{"class":82},[63,102018,102],{"class":73},[63,102020,105],{"class":82},[63,102022,8919],{"class":73},[20,102024,102025,102026,102028],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102027,99871],{}," runs.",[1193,102030,102032],{"id":102031},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102034,102035],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[54,102037,102039],{"className":56,"code":102038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102040,102041,102065,102085,102089,102099,102109,102127,102149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102042,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102044,2157],{"class":382},[63,102046,386],{"class":270},[63,102048,10102],{"class":73},[63,102050,674],{"class":82},[63,102052,102],{"class":73},[63,102054,105],{"class":82},[63,102056,102],{"class":73},[63,102058,518],{"class":82},[63,102060,102],{"class":73},[63,102062,2061],{"class":82},[63,102064,8919],{"class":73},[63,102066,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102068,2185],{"class":382},[63,102070,386],{"class":270},[63,102072,10102],{"class":73},[63,102074,715],{"class":82},[63,102076,102],{"class":73},[63,102078,2061],{"class":82},[63,102080,102],{"class":73},[63,102082,4206],{"class":82},[63,102084,8919],{"class":73},[63,102086,102087],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,102088,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,102090,102091,102093,102095,102097],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,102092,70],{"class":69},[63,102094,74],{"class":73},[63,102096,303],{"class":181},[63,102098,397],{"class":73},[63,102100,102101,102103,102105,102107],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,102102,70],{"class":69},[63,102104,74],{"class":73},[63,102106,4362],{"class":181},[63,102108,397],{"class":73},[63,102110,102111,102113,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,102112,70],{"class":69},[63,102114,74],{"class":73},[63,102116,303],{"class":181},[63,102118,307],{"class":73},[63,102120,2413],{"class":181},[63,102122,74],{"class":73},[63,102124,4362],{"class":181},[63,102126,86],{"class":73},[63,102128,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,102130,70],{"class":69},[63,102132,74],{"class":73},[63,102134,418],{"class":417},[63,102136,74],{"class":73},[63,102138,303],{"class":181},[63,102140,307],{"class":73},[63,102142,2413],{"class":181},[63,102144,74],{"class":73},[63,102146,4362],{"class":181},[63,102148,2510],{"class":73},[63,102150,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,102152,70],{"class":69},[63,102154,74],{"class":73},[63,102156,10774],{"class":69},[63,102158,74],{"class":73},[63,102160,303],{"class":181},[63,102162,307],{"class":73},[63,102164,2413],{"class":181},[63,102166,74],{"class":73},[63,102168,4362],{"class":181},[63,102170,2510],{"class":73},[20,102172,10783],{},[30,102174,102175,102178,102181,102184],{},[33,102176,102177],{},"what is in each set",[33,102179,102180],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102182,102183],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102185,102186],{},"how many items remain",[44534,102188],{},[49,102190,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,102192,1459,102194,102196],{"id":102193},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102195,99871],{}," change the original set?",[20,102198,102199],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1193,102201,4781,102203,3993,102205,1506],{"id":102202},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102204,99871],{},[15,102206,100782],{},[20,102208,102209,102211,102212,102214],{},[15,102210,99871],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102213,100782],{}," modifies the original set.",[1193,102216,1499,102218,102220],{"id":102217},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102219,99871],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102222,102223],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1193,102225,102227],{"id":102226},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102229,102230],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44534,102232],{},[49,102234,1517],{"id":1516},[30,102236,102237,102241,102249],{},[33,102238,102239],{},[303,102240,95785],{"href":96956},[33,102242,102243],{},[303,102244,96271,102246,10352],{"href":102245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102247,102248],{},"intersection()",[33,102250,102251],{},[303,102252,96271,102254,10352],{"href":102253},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102255,102256],{},"union()",[1542,102258,102259],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":102261},[102262,102263,102265,102266,102267,102268,102270,102275,102277,102285,102294],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":99993,"depth":89,"text":102264},"What difference() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":100612,"depth":89,"text":102269},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100777,"depth":89,"text":102271,"children":102272},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102273,102274],{"id":2413,"depth":254,"text":99871},{"id":100930,"depth":254,"text":100782},{"id":101049,"depth":89,"text":102276},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":102278},[102279,102280,102281,102282,102283,102284],{"id":101319,"depth":254,"text":101320},{"id":101507,"depth":254,"text":101508},{"id":101658,"depth":254,"text":101659},{"id":101821,"depth":254,"text":101822},{"id":101906,"depth":254,"text":101907},{"id":102031,"depth":254,"text":102032},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":102286},[102287,102289,102291,102293],{"id":102193,"depth":254,"text":102288},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102202,"depth":254,"text":102290},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102217,"depth":254,"text":102292},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102226,"depth":254,"text":102227},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99863,"description":102295},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102302,"title":102303,"body":102304,"description":103999,"extension":1580,"meta":104000,"navigation":579,"path":104001,"seo":104002,"stem":104003,"__hash__":104004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102305,"toc":103961},[102306,102312,102318,102331,102333,102434,102436,102481,102486,102491,102495,102509,102512,102520,102522,102541,102559,102563,102616,102618,102639,102646,102651,102678,102685,102784,102786,102823,102831,102835,102841,102844,102917,102919,102927,102932,103001,103003,103028,103030,103033,103136,103138,103199,103202,103206,103212,103285,103287,103320,103323,103326,103366,103372,103395,103400,103404,103415,103418,103420,103424,103430,103432,103489,103499,103501,103554,103561,103566,103634,103642,103648,103652,103654,103693,103698,103747,103751,103754,103756,103795,103798,103800,103805,103862,103864,103878,103880,103884,103890,103895,103900,103907,103918,103924,103929,103931,103958],[10,102307,95657,102309,10935],{"id":102308},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102310,102311],{},"discard()",[20,102313,102314,102317],{},[15,102315,102316],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102319,102320,102321,1801,102326,13671,102328,102330],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[303,102322,102323],{"href":97666},[15,102324,102325],{},"set.remove()",[15,102327,102311],{},[833,102329,973],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[49,102332,52],{"id":51},[54,102334,102336],{"className":56,"code":102335,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102337,102338,102370,102389,102399,102403,102424],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102339,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102341,12692],{"class":382},[63,102343,386],{"class":270},[63,102345,10102],{"class":73},[63,102347,2455],{"class":448},[63,102349,12709],{"class":452},[63,102351,2455],{"class":448},[63,102353,102],{"class":73},[63,102355,1375],{"class":448},[63,102357,12726],{"class":452},[63,102359,2455],{"class":448},[63,102361,102],{"class":73},[63,102363,1375],{"class":448},[63,102365,17074],{"class":452},[63,102367,2455],{"class":448},[63,102369,8919],{"class":73},[63,102371,102372,102374,102376,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102373,17121],{"class":382},[63,102375,307],{"class":73},[63,102377,102378],{"class":181},"discard",[63,102380,74],{"class":73},[63,102382,2455],{"class":448},[63,102384,12726],{"class":452},[63,102386,2455],{"class":448},[63,102388,397],{"class":73},[63,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,102392,70],{"class":69},[63,102394,74],{"class":73},[63,102396,17121],{"class":181},[63,102398,397],{"class":73},[63,102400,102401],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,102402,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,102404,102405,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,102406,17121],{"class":382},[63,102408,307],{"class":73},[63,102410,102378],{"class":181},[63,102412,74],{"class":73},[63,102414,2455],{"class":448},[63,102416,22144],{"class":452},[63,102418,2455],{"class":448},[63,102420,3256],{"class":73},[63,102422,102423],{"class":1357},"  # no error if missing\n",[63,102425,102426,102428,102430,102432],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,102427,70],{"class":69},[63,102429,74],{"class":73},[63,102431,17121],{"class":181},[63,102433,397],{"class":73},[20,102435,29650],{},[54,102437,102439],{"className":56,"code":102438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102440,102441,102461],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102442,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102444,8888],{"class":73},[63,102446,456],{"class":448},[63,102448,12709],{"class":452},[63,102450,456],{"class":448},[63,102452,102],{"class":73},[63,102454,449],{"class":448},[63,102456,17074],{"class":452},[63,102458,456],{"class":448},[63,102460,8919],{"class":73},[63,102462,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102464,8888],{"class":73},[63,102466,456],{"class":448},[63,102468,12709],{"class":452},[63,102470,456],{"class":448},[63,102472,102],{"class":73},[63,102474,449],{"class":448},[63,102476,17074],{"class":452},[63,102478,456],{"class":448},[63,102480,8919],{"class":73},[20,102482,128,102483,102485],{},[15,102484,102311],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[49,102487,138,102489,141],{"id":102488},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102490,102316],{},[20,102492,102493,2482],{},[15,102494,102311],{},[30,102496,102497,102500,102503,102505],{},[33,102498,102499],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,102501,102502],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,102504,95772],{},[33,102506,11037,102507],{},[15,102508,3373],{},[20,102510,102511],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102513,95781,102514,632,102517,307],{},[303,102515,102516],{"href":98248},"what a set is in Python",[303,102518,102519],{"href":97340},"how to create a set",[49,102521,164],{"id":163},[54,102523,102525],{"className":56,"code":102524,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102526,102527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102528,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102530,15285],{"class":382},[63,102532,307],{"class":73},[63,102534,102378],{"class":181},[63,102536,74],{"class":73},[63,102538,1002],{"class":181},[63,102540,397],{"class":73},[30,102542,102543,102548,102553,102556],{},[33,102544,102545,102547],{},[15,102546,15285],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,102549,102550,102552],{},[15,102551,1002],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,102554,102555],{},"The set must already exist",[33,102557,102558],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1193,102560,102562],{"id":102561},"example","Example",[54,102564,102566],{"className":56,"code":102565,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102567,102568,102592,102606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102569,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102571,3211],{"class":382},[63,102573,386],{"class":270},[63,102575,10102],{"class":73},[63,102577,674],{"class":82},[63,102579,102],{"class":73},[63,102581,105],{"class":82},[63,102583,102],{"class":73},[63,102585,518],{"class":82},[63,102587,102],{"class":73},[63,102589,2061],{"class":82},[63,102591,8919],{"class":73},[63,102593,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102595,3243],{"class":382},[63,102597,307],{"class":73},[63,102599,102378],{"class":181},[63,102601,74],{"class":73},[63,102603,715],{"class":82},[63,102605,397],{"class":73},[63,102607,102608,102610,102612,102614],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,102609,70],{"class":69},[63,102611,74],{"class":73},[63,102613,3243],{"class":181},[63,102615,397],{"class":73},[20,102617,110],{},[54,102619,102621],{"className":56,"code":102620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102622,102623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102624,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102626,8888],{"class":73},[63,102628,674],{"class":82},[63,102630,102],{"class":73},[63,102632,105],{"class":82},[63,102634,102],{"class":73},[63,102636,2061],{"class":82},[63,102638,8919],{"class":73},[49,102640,102642,102643,102645],{"id":102641},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102644,102311],{}," different",[20,102647,102648,102650],{},[15,102649,102311],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,102652,102653,102666,102675],{},[33,102654,102655,102656,1801,102660,102662,102663,102665],{},"Unlike ",[303,102657,102658],{"href":97666},[15,102659,55146],{},[15,102661,102311],{}," does not raise ",[15,102664,19307],{}," when the item is missing",[33,102667,102655,102668,1801,102672,102674],{},[303,102669,102670],{"href":97671},[15,102671,12378],{},[15,102673,102311],{}," removes a specific item",[33,102676,102677],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1193,102679,102681,10197,102683],{"id":102680},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102682,102311],{},[15,102684,55146],{},[54,102686,102688],{"className":56,"code":102687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102689,102690,102714,102718,102739,102749,102753,102774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102691,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102693,7386],{"class":382},[63,102695,386],{"class":270},[63,102697,10102],{"class":73},[63,102699,2455],{"class":448},[63,102701,3677],{"class":452},[63,102703,2455],{"class":448},[63,102705,102],{"class":73},[63,102707,1375],{"class":448},[63,102709,3686],{"class":452},[63,102711,2455],{"class":448},[63,102713,8919],{"class":73},[63,102715,102716],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102717,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,102719,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732,102734,102736],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,102721,7417],{"class":382},[63,102723,307],{"class":73},[63,102725,102378],{"class":181},[63,102727,74],{"class":73},[63,102729,2455],{"class":448},[63,102731,32843],{"class":452},[63,102733,2455],{"class":448},[63,102735,3256],{"class":73},[63,102737,102738],{"class":1357},"   # no error\n",[63,102740,102741,102743,102745,102747],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,102742,70],{"class":69},[63,102744,74],{"class":73},[63,102746,7417],{"class":181},[63,102748,397],{"class":73},[63,102750,102751],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,102752,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,102754,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,102756,7417],{"class":382},[63,102758,307],{"class":73},[63,102760,34416],{"class":181},[63,102762,74],{"class":73},[63,102764,2455],{"class":448},[63,102766,3686],{"class":452},[63,102768,2455],{"class":448},[63,102770,3256],{"class":73},[63,102772,102773],{"class":1357},"    # removes existing item\n",[63,102775,102776,102778,102780,102782],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,102777,70],{"class":69},[63,102779,74],{"class":73},[63,102781,7417],{"class":181},[63,102783,397],{"class":73},[20,102785,110],{},[54,102787,102789],{"className":56,"code":102788,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102790,102791,102811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102792,102793,102795,102797,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102794,8888],{"class":73},[63,102796,456],{"class":448},[63,102798,3677],{"class":452},[63,102800,456],{"class":448},[63,102802,102],{"class":73},[63,102804,449],{"class":448},[63,102806,3686],{"class":452},[63,102808,456],{"class":448},[63,102810,8919],{"class":73},[63,102812,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102814,8888],{"class":73},[63,102816,456],{"class":448},[63,102818,3677],{"class":452},[63,102820,456],{"class":448},[63,102822,8919],{"class":73},[20,102824,39966,102825,102827,102828,102830],{},[15,102826,55146],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[303,102829,10687],{"href":10686}," for more help with that case.",[49,102832,102834],{"id":102833},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102836,102837,2004,102839,307],{},[15,102838,102311],{},[15,102840,3373],{},[20,102842,102843],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[54,102845,102847],{"className":56,"code":102846,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102848,102849,102881,102903,102907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102850,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102852,12692],{"class":382},[63,102854,386],{"class":270},[63,102856,10102],{"class":73},[63,102858,2455],{"class":448},[63,102860,12709],{"class":452},[63,102862,2455],{"class":448},[63,102864,102],{"class":73},[63,102866,1375],{"class":448},[63,102868,12726],{"class":452},[63,102870,2455],{"class":448},[63,102872,102],{"class":73},[63,102874,1375],{"class":448},[63,102876,17074],{"class":452},[63,102878,2455],{"class":448},[63,102880,8919],{"class":73},[63,102882,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102884,383],{"class":382},[63,102886,386],{"class":270},[63,102888,12740],{"class":382},[63,102890,307],{"class":73},[63,102892,102378],{"class":181},[63,102894,74],{"class":73},[63,102896,2455],{"class":448},[63,102898,12726],{"class":452},[63,102900,2455],{"class":448},[63,102902,397],{"class":73},[63,102904,102905],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,102906,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,102908,102909,102911,102913,102915],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,102910,70],{"class":69},[63,102912,74],{"class":73},[63,102914,406],{"class":181},[63,102916,397],{"class":73},[20,102918,110],{},[54,102920,102921],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,102922,102923],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102924,102925],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102926,11423],{"class":3448},[20,102928,102929,102930,2482],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102931,17121],{},[54,102933,102935],{"className":56,"code":102934,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102936,102937,102969,102987,102991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102938,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102940,12692],{"class":382},[63,102942,386],{"class":270},[63,102944,10102],{"class":73},[63,102946,2455],{"class":448},[63,102948,12709],{"class":452},[63,102950,2455],{"class":448},[63,102952,102],{"class":73},[63,102954,1375],{"class":448},[63,102956,12726],{"class":452},[63,102958,2455],{"class":448},[63,102960,102],{"class":73},[63,102962,1375],{"class":448},[63,102964,17074],{"class":452},[63,102966,2455],{"class":448},[63,102968,8919],{"class":73},[63,102970,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,102972,17121],{"class":382},[63,102974,307],{"class":73},[63,102976,102378],{"class":181},[63,102978,74],{"class":73},[63,102980,2455],{"class":448},[63,102982,12726],{"class":452},[63,102984,2455],{"class":448},[63,102986,397],{"class":73},[63,102988,102989],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,102990,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,102992,102993,102995,102997,102999],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,102994,70],{"class":69},[63,102996,74],{"class":73},[63,102998,17121],{"class":181},[63,103000,397],{"class":73},[20,103002,110],{},[54,103004,103006],{"className":56,"code":103005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103007,103008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103009,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103011,8888],{"class":73},[63,103013,456],{"class":448},[63,103015,12709],{"class":452},[63,103017,456],{"class":448},[63,103019,102],{"class":73},[63,103021,449],{"class":448},[63,103023,17074],{"class":452},[63,103025,456],{"class":448},[63,103027,8919],{"class":73},[49,103029,11089],{"id":11088},[20,103031,103032],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[54,103034,103036],{"className":56,"code":103035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103037,103038,103070,103074,103092,103096,103114,103118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103039,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103041,35863],{"class":382},[63,103043,386],{"class":270},[63,103045,10102],{"class":73},[63,103047,2455],{"class":448},[63,103049,3677],{"class":452},[63,103051,2455],{"class":448},[63,103053,102],{"class":73},[63,103055,1375],{"class":448},[63,103057,3686],{"class":452},[63,103059,2455],{"class":448},[63,103061,102],{"class":73},[63,103063,1375],{"class":448},[63,103065,32843],{"class":452},[63,103067,2455],{"class":448},[63,103069,8919],{"class":73},[63,103071,103072],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103073,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,103075,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,103077,70],{"class":69},[63,103079,74],{"class":73},[63,103081,2455],{"class":448},[63,103083,11178],{"class":452},[63,103085,2455],{"class":448},[63,103087,102],{"class":73},[63,103089,52468],{"class":181},[63,103091,397],{"class":73},[63,103093,103094],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,103095,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,103097,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,103099,35915],{"class":382},[63,103101,307],{"class":73},[63,103103,102378],{"class":181},[63,103105,74],{"class":73},[63,103107,2455],{"class":448},[63,103109,3686],{"class":452},[63,103111,2455],{"class":448},[63,103113,397],{"class":73},[63,103115,103116],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,103117,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,103119,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,103121,70],{"class":69},[63,103123,74],{"class":73},[63,103125,2455],{"class":448},[63,103127,11218],{"class":452},[63,103129,2455],{"class":448},[63,103131,102],{"class":73},[63,103133,52468],{"class":181},[63,103135,397],{"class":73},[20,103137,110],{},[54,103139,103141],{"className":56,"code":103140,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103142,103143,103175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103144,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103146,11238],{"class":382},[63,103148,2482],{"class":73},[63,103150,10102],{"class":73},[63,103152,456],{"class":448},[63,103154,3686],{"class":452},[63,103156,456],{"class":448},[63,103158,102],{"class":73},[63,103160,449],{"class":448},[63,103162,3677],{"class":452},[63,103164,456],{"class":448},[63,103166,102],{"class":73},[63,103168,449],{"class":448},[63,103170,32843],{"class":452},[63,103172,456],{"class":448},[63,103174,8919],{"class":73},[63,103176,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103178,11291],{"class":382},[63,103180,2482],{"class":73},[63,103182,10102],{"class":73},[63,103184,456],{"class":448},[63,103186,3677],{"class":452},[63,103188,456],{"class":448},[63,103190,102],{"class":73},[63,103192,449],{"class":448},[63,103194,32843],{"class":452},[63,103196,456],{"class":448},[63,103198,8919],{"class":73},[20,103200,103201],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[49,103203,103205],{"id":103204},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103207,103208,103209,103211],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103210,102311],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[54,103213,103215],{"className":56,"code":103214,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103216,103217,103249,103253,103271,103275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103218,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103220,35863],{"class":382},[63,103222,386],{"class":270},[63,103224,10102],{"class":73},[63,103226,2455],{"class":448},[63,103228,3677],{"class":452},[63,103230,2455],{"class":448},[63,103232,102],{"class":73},[63,103234,1375],{"class":448},[63,103236,3686],{"class":452},[63,103238,2455],{"class":448},[63,103240,102],{"class":73},[63,103242,1375],{"class":448},[63,103244,32843],{"class":452},[63,103246,2455],{"class":448},[63,103248,8919],{"class":73},[63,103250,103251],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103252,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,103254,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,103256,35915],{"class":382},[63,103258,307],{"class":73},[63,103260,102378],{"class":181},[63,103262,74],{"class":73},[63,103264,2455],{"class":448},[63,103266,22153],{"class":452},[63,103268,2455],{"class":448},[63,103270,397],{"class":73},[63,103272,103273],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,103274,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,103276,103277,103279,103281,103283],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,103278,70],{"class":69},[63,103280,74],{"class":73},[63,103282,35915],{"class":181},[63,103284,397],{"class":73},[20,103286,110],{},[54,103288,103290],{"className":56,"code":103289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103291,103292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103293,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103295,8888],{"class":73},[63,103297,456],{"class":448},[63,103299,3686],{"class":452},[63,103301,456],{"class":448},[63,103303,102],{"class":73},[63,103305,449],{"class":448},[63,103307,3677],{"class":452},[63,103309,456],{"class":448},[63,103311,102],{"class":73},[63,103313,449],{"class":448},[63,103315,32843],{"class":452},[63,103317,456],{"class":448},[63,103319,8919],{"class":73},[20,103321,103322],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103324,103325],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[54,103327,103329],{"className":56,"code":103328,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103330,103331,103347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103332,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103334,6602],{"class":3473},[63,103336,1375],{"class":448},[63,103338,22153],{"class":452},[63,103340,2455],{"class":448},[63,103342,20793],{"class":270},[63,103344,52468],{"class":382},[63,103346,5996],{"class":73},[63,103348,103349,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103350,103351],{"class":382},"    fruits",[63,103353,307],{"class":73},[63,103355,34416],{"class":181},[63,103357,74],{"class":73},[63,103359,2455],{"class":448},[63,103361,22153],{"class":452},[63,103363,2455],{"class":448},[63,103365,397],{"class":73},[20,103367,103368,103369,103371],{},"With ",[15,103370,102311],{},", you can simply write:",[54,103373,103375],{"className":56,"code":103374,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103376,103377],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103378,103379,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391,103393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103380,35915],{"class":382},[63,103382,307],{"class":73},[63,103384,102378],{"class":181},[63,103386,74],{"class":73},[63,103388,2455],{"class":448},[63,103390,22153],{"class":452},[63,103392,2455],{"class":448},[63,103394,397],{"class":73},[49,103396,1114,103398],{"id":103397},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103399,102311],{},[20,103401,128,103402,10213],{},[15,103403,102311],{},[30,103405,103406,103409,103412],{},[33,103407,103408],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103410,103411],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103413,103414],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103416,103417],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[49,103419,1186],{"id":1185},[20,103421,8056,103422,307],{},[15,103423,102311],{},[1193,103425,1196,103427,103429],{"id":103426},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103428,102311],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103431,4126],{},[54,103433,103435],{"className":56,"code":103434,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103436,103437,103457,103475,103479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103438,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103440,3211],{"class":382},[63,103442,386],{"class":270},[63,103444,10102],{"class":73},[63,103446,674],{"class":82},[63,103448,102],{"class":73},[63,103450,105],{"class":82},[63,103452,102],{"class":73},[63,103454,518],{"class":82},[63,103456,8919],{"class":73},[63,103458,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103460,3211],{"class":382},[63,103462,386],{"class":270},[63,103464,3862],{"class":382},[63,103466,307],{"class":73},[63,103468,102378],{"class":181},[63,103470,74],{"class":73},[63,103472,274],{"class":82},[63,103474,397],{"class":73},[63,103476,103477],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,103478,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,103480,103481,103483,103485,103487],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,103482,70],{"class":69},[63,103484,74],{"class":73},[63,103486,3243],{"class":181},[63,103488,397],{"class":73},[20,103490,103491,41772,103493,8210,103495,2004,103497,307],{},[15,103492,3243],{},[15,103494,3373],{},[15,103496,102311],{},[15,103498,3373],{},[20,103500,18460],{},[54,103502,103504],{"className":56,"code":103503,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103505,103506,103526,103540,103544],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103507,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103509,3211],{"class":382},[63,103511,386],{"class":270},[63,103513,10102],{"class":73},[63,103515,674],{"class":82},[63,103517,102],{"class":73},[63,103519,105],{"class":82},[63,103521,102],{"class":73},[63,103523,518],{"class":82},[63,103525,8919],{"class":73},[63,103527,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103529,3243],{"class":382},[63,103531,307],{"class":73},[63,103533,102378],{"class":181},[63,103535,74],{"class":73},[63,103537,274],{"class":82},[63,103539,397],{"class":73},[63,103541,103542],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,103543,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,103545,103546,103548,103550,103552],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,103547,70],{"class":69},[63,103549,74],{"class":73},[63,103551,3243],{"class":181},[63,103553,397],{"class":73},[1193,103555,36829,103557,8314,103559],{"id":103556},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103558,102311],{},[15,103560,55146],{},[20,103562,103563,103564,307],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103565,102311],{},[54,103567,103569],{"className":56,"code":103568,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103570,103571,103603,103624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103572,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103574,35714],{"class":382},[63,103576,386],{"class":270},[63,103578,10102],{"class":73},[63,103580,2455],{"class":448},[63,103582,303],{"class":452},[63,103584,2455],{"class":448},[63,103586,102],{"class":73},[63,103588,1375],{"class":448},[63,103590,4362],{"class":452},[63,103592,2455],{"class":448},[63,103594,102],{"class":73},[63,103596,1375],{"class":448},[63,103598,9350],{"class":452},[63,103600,2455],{"class":448},[63,103602,8919],{"class":73},[63,103604,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103606,35767],{"class":382},[63,103608,307],{"class":73},[63,103610,102378],{"class":181},[63,103612,74],{"class":73},[63,103614,2455],{"class":448},[63,103616,21697],{"class":452},[63,103618,2455],{"class":448},[63,103620,3256],{"class":73},[63,103622,103623],{"class":1357},"   # safe\n",[63,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,103627,70],{"class":69},[63,103629,74],{"class":73},[63,103631,35767],{"class":181},[63,103633,397],{"class":73},[20,103635,103636,103637,45526,103640,307],{},"If you use ",[15,103638,103639],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103641,19307],{},[1193,103643,25236,103645,103647],{"id":103644},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103646,102311],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103649,103650,101664],{},[15,103651,102311],{},[20,103653,16262],{},[54,103655,103657],{"className":56,"code":103656,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103658,103659,103679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103660,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103662,7386],{"class":382},[63,103664,386],{"class":270},[63,103666,3216],{"class":73},[63,103668,674],{"class":82},[63,103670,102],{"class":73},[63,103672,105],{"class":82},[63,103674,102],{"class":73},[63,103676,518],{"class":82},[63,103678,3229],{"class":73},[63,103680,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103682,7417],{"class":382},[63,103684,307],{"class":73},[63,103686,102378],{"class":181},[63,103688,74],{"class":73},[63,103690,274],{"class":82},[63,103692,397],{"class":73},[20,103694,103695,103696,2482],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103697,102311],{},[54,103699,103701],{"className":56,"code":103700,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103702,103703,103723,103737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103704,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103706,7386],{"class":382},[63,103708,386],{"class":270},[63,103710,10102],{"class":73},[63,103712,674],{"class":82},[63,103714,102],{"class":73},[63,103716,105],{"class":82},[63,103718,102],{"class":73},[63,103720,518],{"class":82},[63,103722,8919],{"class":73},[63,103724,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103726,7417],{"class":382},[63,103728,307],{"class":73},[63,103730,102378],{"class":181},[63,103732,74],{"class":73},[63,103734,274],{"class":82},[63,103736,397],{"class":73},[63,103738,103739,103741,103743,103745],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,103740,70],{"class":69},[63,103742,74],{"class":73},[63,103744,7417],{"class":181},[63,103746,397],{"class":73},[1193,103748,103750],{"id":103749},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103752,103753],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103755,2437],{},[54,103757,103759],{"className":56,"code":103758,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103760,103761,103781],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103762,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103764,8775],{"class":382},[63,103766,386],{"class":270},[63,103768,10102],{"class":73},[63,103770,674],{"class":82},[63,103772,102],{"class":73},[63,103774,105],{"class":82},[63,103776,102],{"class":73},[63,103778,518],{"class":82},[63,103780,8919],{"class":73},[63,103782,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103784,8814],{"class":382},[63,103786,307],{"class":73},[63,103788,102378],{"class":181},[63,103790,2583],{"class":73},[63,103792,274],{"class":82},[63,103794,191],{"class":73},[20,103796,103797],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[49,103799,8482],{"id":8481},[20,103801,8485,103802,103804],{},[15,103803,102311],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[54,103806,103808],{"className":56,"code":103807,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103809,103810,103820,103834,103848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103811,103812,103814,103816,103818],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103813,70],{"class":69},[63,103815,74],{"class":73},[63,103817,15285],{"class":181},[63,103819,397],{"class":73},[63,103821,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,103823,70],{"class":69},[63,103825,74],{"class":73},[63,103827,418],{"class":417},[63,103829,74],{"class":73},[63,103831,15285],{"class":181},[63,103833,86],{"class":73},[63,103835,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,103837,70],{"class":69},[63,103839,74],{"class":73},[63,103841,984],{"class":181},[63,103843,3480],{"class":3473},[63,103845,96381],{"class":181},[63,103847,397],{"class":73},[63,103849,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,103851,31774],{"class":69},[63,103853,74],{"class":73},[63,103855,5890],{"class":417},[63,103857,307],{"class":73},[63,103859,102378],{"class":24370},[63,103861,397],{"class":73},[20,103863,10783],{},[30,103865,103866,103869,103872,103875],{},[33,103867,103868],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,103870,103871],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,103873,103874],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,103876,103877],{},"How Python documents the method",[49,103879,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,103881,103883],{"id":103882},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103885,103886,103887,103889],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103888,102311],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1193,103891,4744,103893,12331],{"id":103892},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103894,102316],{},[20,103896,4750,103897,103899],{},[15,103898,3373],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1193,103901,4781,103903,3993,103905,1506],{"id":103902},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103904,102311],{},[15,103906,55146],{},[20,103908,103909,103910,26158,103912,103914,103915,103917],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103911,55146],{},[15,103913,19307],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103916,102311],{}," does not.",[1193,103919,1499,103921,103923],{"id":103920},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103922,102311],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103925,45983,103926,103928],{},[15,103927,102311],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[49,103930,1517],{"id":1516},[30,103932,103933,103939,103945,103950,103954],{},[33,103934,103935],{},[303,103936,96271,103937,10352],{"href":97666},[15,103938,55146],{},[33,103940,103941],{},[303,103942,96271,103943,10352],{"href":97671},[15,103944,12378],{},[33,103946,103947],{},[303,103948,103949],{"href":97340},"Python set: creating a set",[33,103951,103952],{},[303,103953,99806],{"href":98248},[33,103955,103956],{},[303,103957,10875],{"href":10686},[1542,103959,103960],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":103962},[103963,103964,103966,103969,103974,103975,103976,103977,103979,103988,103989,103998],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":102488,"depth":89,"text":103965},"What set.discard() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":103967},[103968],{"id":102561,"depth":254,"text":102562},{"id":102641,"depth":89,"text":103970,"children":103971},"What makes discard() different",[103972],{"id":102680,"depth":254,"text":103973},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102833,"depth":89,"text":102834},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":103204,"depth":89,"text":103205},{"id":103397,"depth":89,"text":103978},"When to use discard()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":103980},[103981,103983,103985,103987],{"id":103426,"depth":254,"text":103982},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103556,"depth":254,"text":103984},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103644,"depth":254,"text":103986},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103749,"depth":254,"text":103750},{"id":8481,"depth":89,"text":8482},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":103990},[103991,103992,103994,103996],{"id":103882,"depth":254,"text":103883},{"id":103892,"depth":254,"text":103993},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103902,"depth":254,"text":103995},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103920,"depth":254,"text":103997},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102303,"description":103999},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104006,"title":104007,"body":104008,"description":106014,"extension":1580,"meta":106015,"navigation":579,"path":106016,"seo":106017,"stem":106018,"__hash__":106019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104009,"toc":105972},[104010,104013,104021,104026,104037,104039,104094,104098,104118,104123,104127,104132,104134,104148,104150,104225,104227,104260,104265,104270,104272,104274,104289,104292,104300,104305,104320,104322,104411,104413,104502,104508,104512,104514,104552,104554,104578,104581,104596,104598,104653,104655,104688,104690,104695,104699,104703,104708,104773,104775,104795,104801,104805,104862,104864,104885,104889,104894,104939,104941,104974,104977,104981,105014,105016,105045,105049,105053,105056,105058,105077,105079,105125,105130,105144,105146,105177,105182,105185,105229,105231,105259,105263,105267,105283,105286,105351,105353,105365,105368,105372,105375,105380,105408,105410,105428,105434,105473,105475,105493,105499,105528,105530,105548,105551,105568,105570,105575,105579,105582,105608,105615,105620,105635,105644,105648,105651,105682,105688,105691,105700,105703,105705,105707,105765,105768,105793,105795,105799,105802,105806,105814,105818,105821,105825,105828,105830,105853,105855,105896,105903,105911,105914,105945,105947,105969],[10,104011,104007],{"id":104012},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104014,22,104015,104017,104018,307],{},[15,104016,3392],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[833,104019,104020],{},"unique values only",[20,104022,35028,104023,104025],{},[15,104024,3392],{}," to:",[30,104027,104028,104031,104034],{},[33,104029,104030],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104032,104033],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104035,104036],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[49,104038,52],{"id":51},[54,104040,104042],{"className":56,"code":104041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104043,104044,104068,104083],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104045,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104047,3211],{"class":382},[63,104049,386],{"class":270},[63,104051,3216],{"class":73},[63,104053,674],{"class":82},[63,104055,102],{"class":73},[63,104057,105],{"class":82},[63,104059,102],{"class":73},[63,104061,105],{"class":82},[63,104063,102],{"class":73},[63,104065,518],{"class":82},[63,104067,3229],{"class":73},[63,104069,104070,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104071,104072],{"class":382},"unique_numbers ",[63,104074,386],{"class":270},[63,104076,15252],{"class":417},[63,104078,74],{"class":73},[63,104080,3243],{"class":181},[63,104082,397],{"class":73},[63,104084,104085,104087,104089,104092],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104086,70],{"class":69},[63,104088,74],{"class":73},[63,104090,104091],{"class":181},"unique_numbers",[63,104093,397],{"class":73},[20,104095,104096],{},[833,104097,110],{},[54,104099,104100],{"className":56,"code":96064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,104101,104102],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104103,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114,104116],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104105,8888],{"class":73},[63,104107,674],{"class":82},[63,104109,102],{"class":73},[63,104111,105],{"class":82},[63,104113,102],{"class":73},[63,104115,518],{"class":82},[63,104117,8919],{"class":73},[20,104119,128,104120,104122],{},[15,104121,3392],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[49,104124,104126],{"id":104125},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104128,104129,104131],{},[15,104130,3392],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104133,30161],{},[30,104135,104136,104139,104142,104145],{},[33,104137,104138],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104140,104141],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104143,104144],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104146,104147],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104149,1820],{},[54,104151,104153],{"className":56,"code":104152,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104154,104155,104195,104210,104214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104156,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104158,12692],{"class":382},[63,104160,386],{"class":270},[63,104162,3216],{"class":73},[63,104164,2455],{"class":448},[63,104166,12709],{"class":452},[63,104168,2455],{"class":448},[63,104170,102],{"class":73},[63,104172,1375],{"class":448},[63,104174,12726],{"class":452},[63,104176,2455],{"class":448},[63,104178,102],{"class":73},[63,104180,1375],{"class":448},[63,104182,12709],{"class":452},[63,104184,2455],{"class":448},[63,104186,102],{"class":73},[63,104188,1375],{"class":448},[63,104190,17074],{"class":452},[63,104192,2455],{"class":448},[63,104194,3229],{"class":73},[63,104196,104197,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104198,104199],{"class":382},"unique_colors ",[63,104201,386],{"class":270},[63,104203,15252],{"class":417},[63,104205,74],{"class":73},[63,104207,17121],{"class":181},[63,104209,397],{"class":73},[63,104211,104212],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104213,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,104215,104216,104218,104220,104223],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,104217,70],{"class":69},[63,104219,74],{"class":73},[63,104221,104222],{"class":181},"unique_colors",[63,104224,397],{"class":73},[20,104226,29650],{},[54,104228,104230],{"className":56,"code":104229,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104231,104232],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104233,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104235,8888],{"class":73},[63,104237,456],{"class":448},[63,104239,12726],{"class":452},[63,104241,456],{"class":448},[63,104243,102],{"class":73},[63,104245,449],{"class":448},[63,104247,17074],{"class":452},[63,104249,456],{"class":448},[63,104251,102],{"class":73},[63,104253,449],{"class":448},[63,104255,12709],{"class":452},[63,104257,456],{"class":448},[63,104259,8919],{"class":73},[20,104261,1895,104262,104264],{},[15,104263,65012],{}," appears only once.",[20,104266,104267,104268,307],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[303,104269,95785],{"href":95784},[49,104271,164],{"id":163},[20,104273,167],{},[54,104275,104277],{"className":56,"code":104276,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104278,104279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104280,104281,104283,104285,104287],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104282,5890],{"class":417},[63,104284,74],{"class":73},[63,104286,3315],{"class":181},[63,104288,397],{"class":73},[20,104290,104291],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104293,104294,104297],{},[33,104295,104296],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104298,104299],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104301,104302,104303,2482],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104304,3392],{},[30,104306,104307,104309,104311,104313,104317],{},[33,104308,7702],{},[33,104310,48568],{},[33,104312,60793],{},[33,104314,104315],{},[15,104316,35822],{},[33,104318,104319],{},"another set",[20,104321,1740],{},[54,104323,104325],{"className":56,"code":104324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104326,104327,104353,104375,104393],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104328,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104330,70],{"class":69},[63,104332,74],{"class":73},[63,104334,5890],{"class":417},[63,104336,2583],{"class":73},[63,104338,674],{"class":82},[63,104340,102],{"class":73},[63,104342,105],{"class":82},[63,104344,102],{"class":73},[63,104346,105],{"class":82},[63,104348,102],{"class":73},[63,104350,518],{"class":82},[63,104352,2596],{"class":73},[63,104354,104355,104357,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104356,70],{"class":69},[63,104358,74],{"class":73},[63,104360,5890],{"class":417},[63,104362,5112],{"class":73},[63,104364,1940],{"class":82},[63,104366,102],{"class":73},[63,104368,7397],{"class":82},[63,104370,102],{"class":73},[63,104372,5607],{"class":82},[63,104374,2510],{"class":73},[63,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104378,70],{"class":69},[63,104380,74],{"class":73},[63,104382,5890],{"class":417},[63,104384,74],{"class":73},[63,104386,2455],{"class":448},[63,104388,3441],{"class":452},[63,104390,2455],{"class":448},[63,104392,86],{"class":73},[63,104394,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,104396,70],{"class":69},[63,104398,74],{"class":73},[63,104400,5890],{"class":417},[63,104402,74],{"class":73},[63,104404,59617],{"class":69},[63,104406,74],{"class":73},[63,104408,952],{"class":82},[63,104410,2510],{"class":73},[20,104412,29650],{},[54,104414,104416],{"className":56,"code":104415,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104417,104418,104434,104446,104482],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104419,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104421,8888],{"class":73},[63,104423,674],{"class":82},[63,104425,102],{"class":73},[63,104427,105],{"class":82},[63,104429,102],{"class":73},[63,104431,518],{"class":82},[63,104433,8919],{"class":73},[63,104435,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104437,8888],{"class":73},[63,104439,1940],{"class":82},[63,104441,102],{"class":73},[63,104443,7397],{"class":82},[63,104445,8919],{"class":73},[63,104447,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104449,8888],{"class":73},[63,104451,456],{"class":448},[63,104453,60057],{"class":452},[63,104455,456],{"class":448},[63,104457,102],{"class":73},[63,104459,449],{"class":448},[63,104461,60066],{"class":452},[63,104463,456],{"class":448},[63,104465,102],{"class":73},[63,104467,449],{"class":448},[63,104469,60075],{"class":452},[63,104471,456],{"class":448},[63,104473,102],{"class":73},[63,104475,449],{"class":448},[63,104477,60092],{"class":452},[63,104479,456],{"class":448},[63,104481,8919],{"class":73},[63,104483,104484,104486,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,104485,8888],{"class":73},[63,104487,1734],{"class":82},[63,104489,102],{"class":73},[63,104491,249],{"class":82},[63,104493,102],{"class":73},[63,104495,105],{"class":82},[63,104497,102],{"class":73},[63,104499,518],{"class":82},[63,104501,8919],{"class":73},[20,104503,104504,104505,307],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[303,104506,104507],{"href":64467},"Python list() function explained",[49,104509,104511],{"id":104510},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104513,97737],{},[54,104515,104516],{"className":56,"code":98702,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,104517,104518,104528,104538],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104519,104520,104522,104524,104526],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104521,97747],{"class":382},[63,104523,386],{"class":270},[63,104525,15252],{"class":417},[63,104527,8252],{"class":73},[63,104529,104530,104532,104534,104536],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104531,70],{"class":69},[63,104533,74],{"class":73},[63,104535,97766],{"class":181},[63,104537,397],{"class":73},[63,104539,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104541,70],{"class":69},[63,104543,74],{"class":73},[63,104545,418],{"class":417},[63,104547,74],{"class":73},[63,104549,97766],{"class":181},[63,104551,86],{"class":73},[20,104553,110],{},[54,104555,104556],{"className":56,"code":98745,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,104557,104558,104564],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104559,104560,104562],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104561,5890],{"class":417},[63,104563,8252],{"class":73},[63,104565,104566,104568,104570,104572,104574,104576],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104567,441],{"class":270},[63,104569,445],{"class":444},[63,104571,449],{"class":448},[63,104573,5890],{"class":452},[63,104575,456],{"class":448},[63,104577,459],{"class":270},[20,104579,104580],{},"This is important because:",[30,104582,104583,104588],{},[33,104584,104585,104587],{},[15,104586,3392],{}," creates an empty set",[33,104589,104590,104592,104593,104595],{},[15,104591,3387],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[833,104594,973],{}," a set",[20,104597,1820],{},[54,104599,104601],{"className":56,"code":104600,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104602,104603,104613,104621,104625,104639],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104604,104605,104607,104609,104611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104606,2157],{"class":382},[63,104608,386],{"class":270},[63,104610,15252],{"class":417},[63,104612,8252],{"class":73},[63,104614,104615,104617,104619],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104616,2185],{"class":382},[63,104618,386],{"class":270},[63,104620,9449],{"class":73},[63,104622,104623],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104624,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,104626,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,104628,70],{"class":69},[63,104630,74],{"class":73},[63,104632,418],{"class":417},[63,104634,74],{"class":73},[63,104636,303],{"class":181},[63,104638,86],{"class":73},[63,104640,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,104642,70],{"class":69},[63,104644,74],{"class":73},[63,104646,418],{"class":417},[63,104648,74],{"class":73},[63,104650,4362],{"class":181},[63,104652,86],{"class":73},[20,104654,110],{},[54,104656,104658],{"className":56,"code":104657,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104659,104660,104674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104661,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104663,441],{"class":270},[63,104665,445],{"class":444},[63,104667,449],{"class":448},[63,104669,5890],{"class":452},[63,104671,456],{"class":448},[63,104673,459],{"class":270},[63,104675,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104677,441],{"class":270},[63,104679,445],{"class":444},[63,104681,449],{"class":448},[63,104683,8431],{"class":452},[63,104685,456],{"class":448},[63,104687,459],{"class":270},[20,104689,13666],{},[20,104691,104692,104693,307],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[303,104694,103949],{"href":95788},[49,104696,104698],{"id":104697},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1193,104700,104702],{"id":104701},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104704,104705,104706,307],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104707,3392],{},[54,104709,104711],{"className":56,"code":104710,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104712,104713,104745,104759,104763],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104714,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104716,3211],{"class":382},[63,104718,386],{"class":270},[63,104720,3216],{"class":73},[63,104722,674],{"class":82},[63,104724,102],{"class":73},[63,104726,105],{"class":82},[63,104728,102],{"class":73},[63,104730,105],{"class":82},[63,104732,102],{"class":73},[63,104734,518],{"class":82},[63,104736,102],{"class":73},[63,104738,518],{"class":82},[63,104740,102],{"class":73},[63,104742,518],{"class":82},[63,104744,3229],{"class":73},[63,104746,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104748,383],{"class":382},[63,104750,386],{"class":270},[63,104752,15252],{"class":417},[63,104754,74],{"class":73},[63,104756,3243],{"class":181},[63,104758,397],{"class":73},[63,104760,104761],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104762,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,104764,104765,104767,104769,104771],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,104766,70],{"class":69},[63,104768,74],{"class":73},[63,104770,406],{"class":181},[63,104772,397],{"class":73},[20,104774,110],{},[54,104776,104777],{"className":56,"code":96064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,104778,104779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104780,104781,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104782,8888],{"class":73},[63,104784,674],{"class":82},[63,104786,102],{"class":73},[63,104788,105],{"class":82},[63,104790,102],{"class":73},[63,104792,518],{"class":82},[63,104794,8919],{"class":73},[20,104796,104797,104798,307],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[303,104799,98535],{"href":104800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1193,104802,104804],{"id":104803},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[54,104806,104808],{"className":56,"code":104807,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104809,104810,104834,104848,104852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104811,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104813,3418],{"class":382},[63,104815,386],{"class":270},[63,104817,8846],{"class":73},[63,104819,1750],{"class":82},[63,104821,102],{"class":73},[63,104823,4206],{"class":82},[63,104825,102],{"class":73},[63,104827,5607],{"class":82},[63,104829,102],{"class":73},[63,104831,37562],{"class":82},[63,104833,397],{"class":73},[63,104835,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104837,383],{"class":382},[63,104839,386],{"class":270},[63,104841,15252],{"class":417},[63,104843,74],{"class":73},[63,104845,4961],{"class":181},[63,104847,397],{"class":73},[63,104849,104850],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104851,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,104853,104854,104856,104858,104860],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,104855,70],{"class":69},[63,104857,74],{"class":73},[63,104859,406],{"class":181},[63,104861,397],{"class":73},[20,104863,110],{},[54,104865,104867],{"className":56,"code":104866,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104868,104869],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104870,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104872,8888],{"class":73},[63,104874,1750],{"class":82},[63,104876,102],{"class":73},[63,104878,5607],{"class":82},[63,104880,102],{"class":73},[63,104882,37562],{"class":82},[63,104884,8919],{"class":73},[1193,104886,104888],{"id":104887},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104890,50743,104891,104893],{},[15,104892,3392],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[54,104895,104897],{"className":56,"code":104896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104898,104899,104911,104925,104929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104900,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104902,1370],{"class":382},[63,104904,386],{"class":270},[63,104906,1375],{"class":448},[63,104908,3686],{"class":452},[63,104910,1381],{"class":448},[63,104912,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,104914,383],{"class":382},[63,104916,386],{"class":270},[63,104918,15252],{"class":417},[63,104920,74],{"class":73},[63,104922,1396],{"class":181},[63,104924,397],{"class":73},[63,104926,104927],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,104928,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,104930,104931,104933,104935,104937],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,104932,70],{"class":69},[63,104934,74],{"class":73},[63,104936,406],{"class":181},[63,104938,397],{"class":73},[20,104940,29650],{},[54,104942,104944],{"className":56,"code":104943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104945,104946],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104947,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104949,8888],{"class":73},[63,104951,456],{"class":448},[63,104953,4362],{"class":452},[63,104955,456],{"class":448},[63,104957,102],{"class":73},[63,104959,449],{"class":448},[63,104961,303],{"class":452},[63,104963,456],{"class":448},[63,104965,102],{"class":73},[63,104967,449],{"class":448},[63,104969,75648],{"class":452},[63,104971,456],{"class":448},[63,104973,8919],{"class":73},[20,104975,104976],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1193,104978,104980],{"id":104979},"from-range","From range()",[54,104982,104984],{"className":56,"code":104983,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104985,104986,105004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104987,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104989,383],{"class":382},[63,104991,386],{"class":270},[63,104993,15252],{"class":417},[63,104995,74],{"class":73},[63,104997,59617],{"class":69},[63,104999,74],{"class":73},[63,105001,1750],{"class":82},[63,105003,86],{"class":73},[63,105005,105006,105008,105010,105012],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105007,70],{"class":69},[63,105009,74],{"class":73},[63,105011,406],{"class":181},[63,105013,397],{"class":73},[20,105015,110],{},[54,105017,105019],{"className":56,"code":105018,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105020,105021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105022,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105024,8888],{"class":73},[63,105026,1734],{"class":82},[63,105028,102],{"class":73},[63,105030,249],{"class":82},[63,105032,102],{"class":73},[63,105034,105],{"class":82},[63,105036,102],{"class":73},[63,105038,518],{"class":82},[63,105040,102],{"class":73},[63,105042,2061],{"class":82},[63,105044,8919],{"class":73},[49,105046,105048],{"id":105047},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105050,98982,105051,307],{},[833,105052,95828],{},[20,105054,105055],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105057,98988],{},[30,105059,105060,105064,105068,105072],{},[33,105061,105062],{},[15,105063,453],{},[33,105065,105066],{},[15,105067,3037],{},[33,105069,105070],{},[15,105071,1804],{},[33,105073,105074,105076],{},[15,105075,48568],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105078,1820],{},[54,105080,105082],{"className":56,"code":105081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105083,105084,105115],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105085,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105087,7386],{"class":382},[63,105089,386],{"class":270},[63,105091,10102],{"class":73},[63,105093,674],{"class":82},[63,105095,102],{"class":73},[63,105097,1375],{"class":448},[63,105099,3441],{"class":452},[63,105101,2455],{"class":448},[63,105103,102],{"class":73},[63,105105,8846],{"class":73},[63,105107,1940],{"class":82},[63,105109,102],{"class":73},[63,105111,7397],{"class":82},[63,105113,105114],{"class":73},")}\n",[63,105116,105117,105119,105121,105123],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105118,70],{"class":69},[63,105120,74],{"class":73},[63,105122,7417],{"class":181},[63,105124,397],{"class":73},[20,105126,99050,105127,105129],{},[833,105128,973],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105131,105132,105136,105140],{},[33,105133,105134],{},[15,105135,7702],{},[33,105137,105138],{},[15,105139,8431],{},[33,105141,105142],{},[15,105143,5890],{},[20,105145,96553],{},[54,105147,105149],{"className":56,"code":105148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105150,105151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105152,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105154,99069],{"class":382},[63,105156,386],{"class":270},[63,105158,99074],{"class":73},[63,105160,674],{"class":82},[63,105162,102],{"class":73},[63,105164,105],{"class":82},[63,105166,17681],{"class":73},[63,105168,3216],{"class":73},[63,105170,715],{"class":82},[63,105172,102],{"class":73},[63,105174,2061],{"class":82},[63,105176,13323],{"class":73},[20,105178,76476,105179,105181],{},[15,105180,2602],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105183,105184],{},"A safer example:",[54,105186,105188],{"className":56,"code":105187,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105189,105190,105218],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105191,105192,105195,105197,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105193,105194],{"class":382},"good_set ",[63,105196,386],{"class":270},[63,105198,105199],{"class":73}," {(",[63,105201,674],{"class":82},[63,105203,102],{"class":73},[63,105205,105],{"class":82},[63,105207,8843],{"class":73},[63,105209,8846],{"class":73},[63,105211,715],{"class":82},[63,105213,102],{"class":73},[63,105215,2061],{"class":82},[63,105217,105114],{"class":73},[63,105219,105220,105222,105224,105227],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105221,70],{"class":69},[63,105223,74],{"class":73},[63,105225,105226],{"class":181},"good_set",[63,105228,397],{"class":73},[20,105230,110],{},[54,105232,105234],{"className":56,"code":105233,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105235,105236],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105237,105238,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105239,105240],{"class":73},"{(",[63,105242,674],{"class":82},[63,105244,102],{"class":73},[63,105246,105],{"class":82},[63,105248,8843],{"class":73},[63,105250,8846],{"class":73},[63,105252,715],{"class":82},[63,105254,102],{"class":73},[63,105256,2061],{"class":82},[63,105258,105114],{"class":73},[49,105260,105262],{"id":105261},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105264,128,105265,10213],{},[15,105266,3392],{},[30,105268,105269,105272,105277,105280],{},[33,105270,105271],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105273,105274,105275],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105276,3480],{},[33,105278,105279],{},"order does not matter",[33,105281,105282],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105284,105285],{},"Example of membership checking:",[54,105287,105289],{"className":56,"code":105288,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105290,105291,105316,105320,105336],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105292,105293,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105309,105311,105314],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105294,105295],{"class":382},"allowed_ids ",[63,105297,386],{"class":270},[63,105299,15252],{"class":417},[63,105301,2583],{"class":73},[63,105303,46210],{"class":82},[63,105305,102],{"class":73},[63,105307,105308],{"class":82}," 102",[63,105310,102],{"class":73},[63,105312,105313],{"class":82}," 103",[63,105315,191],{"class":73},[63,105317,105318],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105319,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,105321,105322,105324,105326,105329,105331,105334],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,105323,70],{"class":69},[63,105325,74],{"class":73},[63,105327,105328],{"class":82},"102",[63,105330,20793],{"class":3473},[63,105332,105333],{"class":181}," allowed_ids",[63,105335,397],{"class":73},[63,105337,105338,105340,105342,105345,105347,105349],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,105339,70],{"class":69},[63,105341,74],{"class":73},[63,105343,105344],{"class":82},"999",[63,105346,20793],{"class":3473},[63,105348,105333],{"class":181},[63,105350,397],{"class":73},[20,105352,110],{},[54,105354,105355],{"className":56,"code":43791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,105356,105357,105361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105358,105359],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105360,3577],{"class":3448},[63,105362,105363],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105364,3638],{"class":3448},[20,105366,105367],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[49,105369,105371],{"id":105370},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105373,105374],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1193,105376,128,105378,97679],{"id":105377},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105379,3392],{},[54,105381,105382],{"className":56,"code":97740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,105383,105384,105394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105385,105386,105388,105390,105392],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105387,97747],{"class":382},[63,105389,386],{"class":270},[63,105391,15252],{"class":417},[63,105393,8252],{"class":73},[63,105395,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105397,70],{"class":69},[63,105399,74],{"class":73},[63,105401,418],{"class":417},[63,105403,74],{"class":73},[63,105405,97766],{"class":181},[63,105407,86],{"class":73},[20,105409,110],{},[54,105411,105412],{"className":56,"code":8462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,105413,105414],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105415,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424,105426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105417,441],{"class":270},[63,105419,445],{"class":444},[63,105421,449],{"class":448},[63,105423,5890],{"class":452},[63,105425,456],{"class":448},[63,105427,459],{"class":270},[1193,105429,128,105431,105433],{"id":105430},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105432,99739],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[54,105435,105437],{"className":56,"code":105436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105438,105439,105459],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105440,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105442,3211],{"class":382},[63,105444,386],{"class":270},[63,105446,10102],{"class":73},[63,105448,674],{"class":82},[63,105450,102],{"class":73},[63,105452,105],{"class":82},[63,105454,102],{"class":73},[63,105456,518],{"class":82},[63,105458,8919],{"class":73},[63,105460,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105462,70],{"class":69},[63,105464,74],{"class":73},[63,105466,418],{"class":417},[63,105468,74],{"class":73},[63,105470,3243],{"class":181},[63,105472,86],{"class":73},[20,105474,110],{},[54,105476,105477],{"className":56,"code":8462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,105478,105479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105480,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489,105491],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105482,441],{"class":270},[63,105484,445],{"class":444},[63,105486,449],{"class":448},[63,105488,5890],{"class":452},[63,105490,456],{"class":448},[63,105492,459],{"class":270},[1193,105494,128,105496,105498],{"id":105495},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105497,3387],{}," for an empty dictionary",[54,105500,105502],{"className":56,"code":105501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105503,105504,105513],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105505,105506,105509,105511],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105507,105508],{"class":382},"empty_dict ",[63,105510,386],{"class":270},[63,105512,9449],{"class":73},[63,105514,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105526],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105516,70],{"class":69},[63,105518,74],{"class":73},[63,105520,418],{"class":417},[63,105522,74],{"class":73},[63,105524,105525],{"class":181},"empty_dict",[63,105527,86],{"class":73},[20,105529,110],{},[54,105531,105532],{"className":56,"code":8418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,105533,105534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105535,105536,105538,105540,105542,105544,105546],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105537,441],{"class":270},[63,105539,445],{"class":444},[63,105541,449],{"class":448},[63,105543,8431],{"class":452},[63,105545,456],{"class":448},[63,105547,459],{"class":270},[20,105549,105550],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,105552,105553,105558,105563],{},[33,105554,105555,105557],{},[15,105556,3392],{}," → empty set",[33,105559,105560,105562],{},[15,105561,99739],{}," → non-empty set",[33,105564,105565,105567],{},[15,105566,3387],{}," → empty dictionary",[49,105569,1186],{"id":1185},[20,105571,105572,105573,307],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105574,3392],{},[1193,105576,311,105577,99337],{"id":99334},[15,105578,3387],{},[20,105580,105581],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[54,105583,105584],{"className":56,"code":99343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,105585,105586,105594],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105587,105588,105590,105592],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105589,984],{"class":382},[63,105591,386],{"class":270},[63,105593,9449],{"class":73},[63,105595,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105597,70],{"class":69},[63,105599,74],{"class":73},[63,105601,418],{"class":417},[63,105603,74],{"class":73},[63,105605,1002],{"class":181},[63,105607,86],{"class":73},[1193,105609,105611,105612],{"id":105610},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105613,105614],{},"set(5)",[20,105616,105617,105619],{},[15,105618,3392],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[54,105621,105623],{"className":56,"code":105622,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set(5)\n",[15,105624,105625],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105626,105627,105629,105631,105633],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105628,5890],{"class":417},[63,105630,74],{"class":73},[63,105632,1750],{"class":82},[63,105634,397],{"class":73},[20,105636,2599,105637,105639,105640,307],{},[15,105638,2602],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[303,105641,105643],{"href":105642},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1193,105645,105647],{"id":105646},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105649,105650],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[54,105652,105654],{"className":56,"code":105653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105655,105656],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105657,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105659,984],{"class":382},[63,105661,386],{"class":270},[63,105663,99074],{"class":73},[63,105665,674],{"class":82},[63,105667,102],{"class":73},[63,105669,105],{"class":82},[63,105671,17681],{"class":73},[63,105673,3216],{"class":73},[63,105675,715],{"class":82},[63,105677,102],{"class":73},[63,105679,2061],{"class":82},[63,105681,13323],{"class":73},[1193,105683,1196,105685,105687],{"id":105684},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105686,3392],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105689,105690],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1193,105692,36829,105694,8314,105696,632,105698],{"id":105693},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105695,3392],{},[15,105697,24401],{},[15,105699,8730],{},[20,105701,105702],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[49,105704,60329],{"id":60328},[20,105706,10725],{},[54,105708,105710],{"className":56,"code":105709,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105711,105712,105727,105737,105751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105713,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105725],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105715,70],{"class":69},[63,105717,74],{"class":73},[63,105719,418],{"class":417},[63,105721,74],{"class":73},[63,105723,105724],{"class":181},"my_value",[63,105726,86],{"class":73},[63,105728,105729,105731,105733,105735],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,105730,70],{"class":69},[63,105732,74],{"class":73},[63,105734,105724],{"class":181},[63,105736,397],{"class":73},[63,105738,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,105740,70],{"class":69},[63,105742,74],{"class":73},[63,105744,7702],{"class":417},[63,105746,74],{"class":73},[63,105748,15285],{"class":181},[63,105750,86],{"class":73},[63,105752,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,105754,70],{"class":69},[63,105756,74],{"class":73},[63,105758,10774],{"class":69},[63,105760,74],{"class":73},[63,105762,15285],{"class":181},[63,105764,86],{"class":73},[20,105766,105767],{},"What they help you see:",[30,105769,105770,105776,105781,105787],{},[33,105771,105772,105775],{},[15,105773,105774],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,105777,105778,90167],{},[15,105779,105780],{},"print(my_value)",[33,105782,105783,105786],{},[15,105784,105785],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,105788,105789,105792],{},[15,105790,105791],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[49,105794,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,105796,105798],{"id":105797},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105800,105801],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1193,105803,105805],{"id":105804},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105807,128,105808,105810,105811,105813],{},[15,105809,3392],{},". Do not use ",[15,105812,3387],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1193,105815,105817],{"id":105816},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105819,105820],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1193,105822,105824],{"id":105823},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105826,105827],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105829,1820],{},[54,105831,105833],{"className":56,"code":105832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105834,105835],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105836,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105849,105851],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105838,70],{"class":69},[63,105840,74],{"class":73},[63,105842,5890],{"class":417},[63,105844,74],{"class":73},[63,105846,2455],{"class":448},[63,105848,3677],{"class":452},[63,105850,2455],{"class":448},[63,105852,86],{"class":73},[20,105854,29650],{},[54,105856,105858],{"className":56,"code":105857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105859,105860],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105861,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105863,8888],{"class":73},[63,105865,456],{"class":448},[63,105867,303],{"class":452},[63,105869,456],{"class":448},[63,105871,102],{"class":73},[63,105873,449],{"class":448},[63,105875,20],{"class":452},[63,105877,456],{"class":448},[63,105879,102],{"class":73},[63,105881,449],{"class":448},[63,105883,60075],{"class":452},[63,105885,456],{"class":448},[63,105887,102],{"class":73},[63,105889,449],{"class":448},[63,105891,60066],{"class":452},[63,105893,456],{"class":448},[63,105895,8919],{"class":73},[1193,105897,4760,105899,105902],{"id":105898},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105900,105901],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105904,105905,28305,105907,105910],{},[15,105906,3392],{},[833,105908,105909],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105912,105913],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[54,105915,105917],{"className":56,"code":105916,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105918,105919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105920,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937,105939,105941,105943],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105922,70],{"class":69},[63,105924,74],{"class":73},[63,105926,5890],{"class":417},[63,105928,2583],{"class":73},[63,105930,674],{"class":82},[63,105932,102],{"class":73},[63,105934,105],{"class":82},[63,105936,102],{"class":73},[63,105938,518],{"class":82},[63,105940,102],{"class":73},[63,105942,2061],{"class":82},[63,105944,2596],{"class":73},[49,105946,1517],{"id":1516},[30,105948,105949,105953,105957,105961,105965],{},[33,105950,105951],{},[303,105952,95785],{"href":95784},[33,105954,105955],{},[303,105956,103949],{"href":95788},[33,105958,105959],{},[303,105960,99801],{"href":104800},[33,105962,105963],{},[303,105964,104507],{"href":64467},[33,105966,105967],{},[303,105968,105643],{"href":105642},[1542,105970,105971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":105973},[105974,105975,105976,105977,105978,105984,105985,105986,105994,106004,106005,106013],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":104125,"depth":89,"text":104126},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":104510,"depth":89,"text":104511},{"id":104697,"depth":89,"text":104698,"children":105979},[105980,105981,105982,105983],{"id":104701,"depth":254,"text":104702},{"id":104803,"depth":254,"text":104804},{"id":104887,"depth":254,"text":104888},{"id":104979,"depth":254,"text":104980},{"id":105047,"depth":89,"text":105048},{"id":105261,"depth":89,"text":105262},{"id":105370,"depth":89,"text":105371,"children":105987},[105988,105990,105992],{"id":105377,"depth":254,"text":105989},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105430,"depth":254,"text":105991},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105495,"depth":254,"text":105993},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":105995},[105996,105997,105999,106000,106002],{"id":99334,"depth":254,"text":99842},{"id":105610,"depth":254,"text":105998},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105646,"depth":254,"text":105647},{"id":105684,"depth":254,"text":106001},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105693,"depth":254,"text":106003},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60328,"depth":89,"text":60329},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":106006},[106007,106008,106009,106010,106011],{"id":105797,"depth":254,"text":105798},{"id":105804,"depth":254,"text":105805},{"id":105816,"depth":254,"text":105817},{"id":105823,"depth":254,"text":105824},{"id":105898,"depth":254,"text":106012},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104007,"description":106014},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106021,"title":106022,"body":106023,"description":107538,"extension":1580,"meta":107539,"navigation":579,"path":107540,"seo":107541,"stem":107542,"__hash__":107543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106024,"toc":107514},[106025,106031,106036,106039,106122,106127,106132,106137,106139,106152,106156,106158,106177,106180,106203,106206,106217,106219,106300,106302,106319,106321,106327,106330,106425,106427,106458,106460,106468,106470,106473,106584,106586,106611,106613,106635,106640,106645,106651,106760,106762,106778,106781,106784,106867,106869,106886,106894,106896,106900,106906,106997,106999,107032,107037,107044,107121,107123,107140,107146,107148,107152,107168,107171,107197,107199,107260,107262,107385,107387,107438,107444,107446,107451,107453,107459,107462,107466,107469,107473,107476,107486,107488,107511],[10,106026,13,106028,10935],{"id":106027},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106029,106030],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106032,1597,106033,106035],{},[15,106034,106030],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106037,106038],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[54,106040,106042],{"className":56,"code":106041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106043,106044,106064,106084,106088,106107,106117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106045,106046,106048,106050,106052,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106047,2157],{"class":382},[63,106049,386],{"class":270},[63,106051,10102],{"class":73},[63,106053,674],{"class":82},[63,106055,102],{"class":73},[63,106057,105],{"class":82},[63,106059,102],{"class":73},[63,106061,518],{"class":82},[63,106063,8919],{"class":73},[63,106065,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076,106078,106080,106082],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,106067,2185],{"class":382},[63,106069,386],{"class":270},[63,106071,10102],{"class":73},[63,106073,274],{"class":82},[63,106075,102],{"class":73},[63,106077,518],{"class":82},[63,106079,102],{"class":73},[63,106081,2061],{"class":82},[63,106083,8919],{"class":73},[63,106085,106086],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,106087,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106089,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106101,106103,106105],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,106091,383],{"class":382},[63,106093,386],{"class":270},[63,106095,56505],{"class":382},[63,106097,307],{"class":73},[63,106099,106100],{"class":181},"intersection",[63,106102,74],{"class":73},[63,106104,4362],{"class":181},[63,106106,397],{"class":73},[63,106108,106109,106111,106113,106115],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,106110,70],{"class":69},[63,106112,74],{"class":73},[63,106114,406],{"class":181},[63,106116,397],{"class":73},[63,106118,106119],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,106120,106121],{"class":1357},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106123,128,106124,106126],{},[15,106125,102248],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[49,106128,12612,106130,12615],{"id":106129},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106131,102248],{},[20,106133,106134,106136],{},[15,106135,102248],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106138,12668],{},[30,106140,106141,106144,106146,106149],{},[33,106142,106143],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106145,100018],{},[33,106147,106148],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106150,106151],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106153,95781,106154,307],{},[303,106155,95785],{"href":95784},[49,106157,164],{"id":163},[54,106159,106161],{"className":56,"code":106160,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106162,106163],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106164,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106166,100042],{"class":382},[63,106168,307],{"class":73},[63,106170,106100],{"class":181},[63,106172,74],{"class":73},[63,106174,100051],{"class":181},[63,106176,397],{"class":73},[20,106178,106179],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[54,106181,106183],{"className":56,"code":106182,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106184,106185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106186,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199,106201],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106188,100042],{"class":382},[63,106190,307],{"class":73},[63,106192,106100],{"class":181},[63,106194,74],{"class":73},[63,106196,100051],{"class":181},[63,106198,102],{"class":73},[63,106200,100078],{"class":181},[63,106202,397],{"class":73},[20,106204,106205],{},"Important notes:",[30,106207,106208,106211,106214],{},[33,106209,106210],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106212,106213],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106215,106216],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106218,1820],{},[54,106220,106222],{"className":56,"code":106221,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106223,106224,106248,106268,106272,106290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106225,106226,106228,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106227,2157],{"class":382},[63,106229,386],{"class":270},[63,106231,10102],{"class":73},[63,106233,674],{"class":82},[63,106235,102],{"class":73},[63,106237,105],{"class":82},[63,106239,102],{"class":73},[63,106241,518],{"class":82},[63,106243,102],{"class":73},[63,106245,2061],{"class":82},[63,106247,8919],{"class":73},[63,106249,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,106251,2185],{"class":382},[63,106253,386],{"class":270},[63,106255,10102],{"class":73},[63,106257,715],{"class":82},[63,106259,102],{"class":73},[63,106261,2061],{"class":82},[63,106263,102],{"class":73},[63,106265,4206],{"class":82},[63,106267,8919],{"class":73},[63,106269,106270],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,106271,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106273,106274,106276,106278,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,106275,383],{"class":382},[63,106277,386],{"class":270},[63,106279,56505],{"class":382},[63,106281,307],{"class":73},[63,106283,106100],{"class":181},[63,106285,74],{"class":73},[63,106287,4362],{"class":181},[63,106289,397],{"class":73},[63,106291,106292,106294,106296,106298],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,106293,70],{"class":69},[63,106295,74],{"class":73},[63,106297,406],{"class":181},[63,106299,397],{"class":73},[20,106301,110],{},[54,106303,106305],{"className":56,"code":106304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106306,106307],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106308,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106310,8888],{"class":73},[63,106312,715],{"class":82},[63,106314,102],{"class":73},[63,106316,2061],{"class":82},[63,106318,8919],{"class":73},[49,106320,17037],{"id":17036},[20,106322,106323,21595,106325,307],{},[15,106324,102248],{},[833,106326,5890],{},[20,106328,106329],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[54,106331,106333],{"className":56,"code":106332,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106334,106335,106355,106375,106379,106397,106401,106411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106336,106337,106339,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106338,2157],{"class":382},[63,106340,386],{"class":270},[63,106342,10102],{"class":73},[63,106344,674],{"class":82},[63,106346,102],{"class":73},[63,106348,105],{"class":82},[63,106350,102],{"class":73},[63,106352,518],{"class":82},[63,106354,8919],{"class":73},[63,106356,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,106358,2185],{"class":382},[63,106360,386],{"class":270},[63,106362,10102],{"class":73},[63,106364,274],{"class":82},[63,106366,102],{"class":73},[63,106368,518],{"class":82},[63,106370,102],{"class":73},[63,106372,2061],{"class":82},[63,106374,8919],{"class":73},[63,106376,106377],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,106378,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106380,106381,106383,106385,106387,106389,106391,106393,106395],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,106382,383],{"class":382},[63,106384,386],{"class":270},[63,106386,56505],{"class":382},[63,106388,307],{"class":73},[63,106390,106100],{"class":181},[63,106392,74],{"class":73},[63,106394,4362],{"class":181},[63,106396,397],{"class":73},[63,106398,106399],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,106400,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106402,106403,106405,106407,106409],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,106404,70],{"class":69},[63,106406,74],{"class":73},[63,106408,406],{"class":181},[63,106410,397],{"class":73},[63,106412,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,106414,70],{"class":69},[63,106416,74],{"class":73},[63,106418,418],{"class":417},[63,106420,74],{"class":73},[63,106422,406],{"class":181},[63,106424,86],{"class":73},[20,106426,110],{},[54,106428,106430],{"className":56,"code":106429,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106431,106432,106444],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106433,106434,106436,106438,106440,106442],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106435,8888],{"class":73},[63,106437,274],{"class":82},[63,106439,102],{"class":73},[63,106441,518],{"class":82},[63,106443,8919],{"class":73},[63,106445,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,106447,441],{"class":270},[63,106449,445],{"class":444},[63,106451,449],{"class":448},[63,106453,5890],{"class":452},[63,106455,456],{"class":448},[63,106457,459],{"class":270},[20,106459,85430],{},[30,106461,106462,106465],{},[33,106463,106464],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,106466,106467],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[49,106469,11089],{"id":11088},[20,106471,106472],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[54,106474,106476],{"className":56,"code":106475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106477,106478,106511,106544,106548,106569,106573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106479,106480,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106481,106482],{"class":382},"colors1 ",[63,106484,386],{"class":270},[63,106486,10102],{"class":73},[63,106488,2455],{"class":448},[63,106490,12709],{"class":452},[63,106492,2455],{"class":448},[63,106494,102],{"class":73},[63,106496,1375],{"class":448},[63,106498,12726],{"class":452},[63,106500,2455],{"class":448},[63,106502,102],{"class":73},[63,106504,1375],{"class":448},[63,106506,17074],{"class":452},[63,106508,2455],{"class":448},[63,106510,8919],{"class":73},[63,106512,106513,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,106514,106515],{"class":382},"colors2 ",[63,106517,386],{"class":270},[63,106519,10102],{"class":73},[63,106521,2455],{"class":448},[63,106523,17074],{"class":452},[63,106525,2455],{"class":448},[63,106527,102],{"class":73},[63,106529,1375],{"class":448},[63,106531,22144],{"class":452},[63,106533,2455],{"class":448},[63,106535,102],{"class":73},[63,106537,1375],{"class":448},[63,106539,12726],{"class":452},[63,106541,2455],{"class":448},[63,106543,8919],{"class":73},[63,106545,106546],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,106547,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106549,106550,106553,106555,106558,106560,106562,106564,106567],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,106551,106552],{"class":382},"common_colors ",[63,106554,386],{"class":270},[63,106556,106557],{"class":382}," colors1",[63,106559,307],{"class":73},[63,106561,106100],{"class":181},[63,106563,74],{"class":73},[63,106565,106566],{"class":181},"colors2",[63,106568,397],{"class":73},[63,106570,106571],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,106572,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106574,106575,106577,106579,106582],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,106576,70],{"class":69},[63,106578,74],{"class":73},[63,106580,106581],{"class":181},"common_colors",[63,106583,397],{"class":73},[20,106585,110],{},[54,106587,106589],{"className":56,"code":106588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106590,106591],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106592,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106594,8888],{"class":73},[63,106596,456],{"class":448},[63,106598,12726],{"class":452},[63,106600,456],{"class":448},[63,106602,102],{"class":73},[63,106604,449],{"class":448},[63,106606,17074],{"class":452},[63,106608,456],{"class":448},[63,106610,8919],{"class":73},[20,106612,11298],{},[30,106614,106615,106621,106625,106630],{},[33,106616,106617,106620],{},[15,106618,106619],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,106622,106623,106620],{},[15,106624,106566],{},[33,106626,106627,106629],{},[15,106628,102248],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,106631,106632,106633],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106634,106581],{},[49,106636,311,106638,100615],{"id":106637},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106639,102248],{},[20,106641,106642,106643,307],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106644,102248],{},[20,106646,106647,106648,106650],{},"Only the values found in ",[833,106649,3310],{}," inputs will be kept.",[54,106652,106654],{"className":56,"code":106653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106655,106656,106680,106704,106724,106728,106750],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106657,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106659,2157],{"class":382},[63,106661,386],{"class":270},[63,106663,10102],{"class":73},[63,106665,674],{"class":82},[63,106667,102],{"class":73},[63,106669,105],{"class":82},[63,106671,102],{"class":73},[63,106673,518],{"class":82},[63,106675,102],{"class":73},[63,106677,2061],{"class":82},[63,106679,8919],{"class":73},[63,106681,106682,106684,106686,106688,106690,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,106683,2185],{"class":382},[63,106685,386],{"class":270},[63,106687,10102],{"class":73},[63,106689,274],{"class":82},[63,106691,102],{"class":73},[63,106693,518],{"class":82},[63,106695,102],{"class":73},[63,106697,2061],{"class":82},[63,106699,102],{"class":73},[63,106701,4206],{"class":82},[63,106703,8919],{"class":73},[63,106705,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,106707,82804],{"class":382},[63,106709,386],{"class":270},[63,106711,10102],{"class":73},[63,106713,715],{"class":82},[63,106715,102],{"class":73},[63,106717,2061],{"class":82},[63,106719,102],{"class":73},[63,106721,37269],{"class":82},[63,106723,8919],{"class":73},[63,106725,106726],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,106727,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106729,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,106731,383],{"class":382},[63,106733,386],{"class":270},[63,106735,56505],{"class":382},[63,106737,307],{"class":73},[63,106739,106100],{"class":181},[63,106741,74],{"class":73},[63,106743,4362],{"class":181},[63,106745,102],{"class":73},[63,106747,9292],{"class":181},[63,106749,397],{"class":73},[63,106751,106752,106754,106756,106758],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,106753,70],{"class":69},[63,106755,74],{"class":73},[63,106757,406],{"class":181},[63,106759,397],{"class":73},[20,106761,110],{},[54,106763,106764],{"className":56,"code":106304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,106765,106766],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106767,106768,106770,106772,106774,106776],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106769,8888],{"class":73},[63,106771,715],{"class":82},[63,106773,102],{"class":73},[63,106775,2061],{"class":82},[63,106777,8919],{"class":73},[20,106779,106780],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106782,106783],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[54,106785,106787],{"className":56,"code":106786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106788,106789,106813,106817,106857],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106790,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106792,2157],{"class":382},[63,106794,386],{"class":270},[63,106796,10102],{"class":73},[63,106798,674],{"class":82},[63,106800,102],{"class":73},[63,106802,105],{"class":82},[63,106804,102],{"class":73},[63,106806,518],{"class":82},[63,106808,102],{"class":73},[63,106810,2061],{"class":82},[63,106812,8919],{"class":73},[63,106814,106815],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,106816,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106818,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,106820,383],{"class":382},[63,106822,386],{"class":270},[63,106824,56505],{"class":382},[63,106826,307],{"class":73},[63,106828,106100],{"class":181},[63,106830,2583],{"class":73},[63,106832,274],{"class":82},[63,106834,102],{"class":73},[63,106836,2061],{"class":82},[63,106838,102],{"class":73},[63,106840,37269],{"class":82},[63,106842,17681],{"class":73},[63,106844,8846],{"class":73},[63,106846,674],{"class":82},[63,106848,102],{"class":73},[63,106850,105],{"class":82},[63,106852,102],{"class":73},[63,106854,2061],{"class":82},[63,106856,86],{"class":73},[63,106858,106859,106861,106863,106865],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,106860,70],{"class":69},[63,106862,74],{"class":73},[63,106864,406],{"class":181},[63,106866,397],{"class":73},[20,106868,110],{},[54,106870,106872],{"className":56,"code":106871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106873,106874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106875,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106877,8888],{"class":73},[63,106879,274],{"class":82},[63,106881,102],{"class":73},[63,106883,2061],{"class":82},[63,106885,8919],{"class":73},[49,106887,106889,10197,106891],{"id":106888},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106890,102248],{},[15,106892,106893],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106895,100785],{},[1193,106897,106898],{"id":106100},[15,106899,102248],{},[30,106901,106902,106904],{},[33,106903,100794],{},[33,106905,100797],{},[54,106907,106909],{"className":56,"code":106908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106910,106911,106931,106951,106955,106973,106977,106987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106912,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106914,2157],{"class":382},[63,106916,386],{"class":270},[63,106918,10102],{"class":73},[63,106920,674],{"class":82},[63,106922,102],{"class":73},[63,106924,105],{"class":82},[63,106926,102],{"class":73},[63,106928,518],{"class":82},[63,106930,8919],{"class":73},[63,106932,106933,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,106934,2185],{"class":382},[63,106936,386],{"class":270},[63,106938,10102],{"class":73},[63,106940,274],{"class":82},[63,106942,102],{"class":73},[63,106944,518],{"class":82},[63,106946,102],{"class":73},[63,106948,2061],{"class":82},[63,106950,8919],{"class":73},[63,106952,106953],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,106954,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106956,106957,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969,106971],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,106958,383],{"class":382},[63,106960,386],{"class":270},[63,106962,56505],{"class":382},[63,106964,307],{"class":73},[63,106966,106100],{"class":181},[63,106968,74],{"class":73},[63,106970,4362],{"class":181},[63,106972,397],{"class":73},[63,106974,106975],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,106976,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,106978,106979,106981,106983,106985],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,106980,70],{"class":69},[63,106982,74],{"class":73},[63,106984,303],{"class":181},[63,106986,397],{"class":73},[63,106988,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,106990,70],{"class":69},[63,106992,74],{"class":73},[63,106994,406],{"class":181},[63,106996,397],{"class":73},[20,106998,110],{},[54,107000,107002],{"className":56,"code":107001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107003,107004,107020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107005,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107007,8888],{"class":73},[63,107009,674],{"class":82},[63,107011,102],{"class":73},[63,107013,105],{"class":82},[63,107015,102],{"class":73},[63,107017,518],{"class":82},[63,107019,8919],{"class":73},[63,107021,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107023,8888],{"class":73},[63,107025,274],{"class":82},[63,107027,102],{"class":73},[63,107029,518],{"class":82},[63,107031,8919],{"class":73},[1193,107033,107035],{"id":107034},"intersection_update",[15,107036,106893],{},[30,107038,107039,107041],{},[33,107040,100937],{},[33,107042,107043],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[54,107045,107047],{"className":56,"code":107046,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107048,107049,107069,107089,107093,107107,107111],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107050,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107052,2157],{"class":382},[63,107054,386],{"class":270},[63,107056,10102],{"class":73},[63,107058,674],{"class":82},[63,107060,102],{"class":73},[63,107062,105],{"class":82},[63,107064,102],{"class":73},[63,107066,518],{"class":82},[63,107068,8919],{"class":73},[63,107070,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107072,2185],{"class":382},[63,107074,386],{"class":270},[63,107076,10102],{"class":73},[63,107078,274],{"class":82},[63,107080,102],{"class":73},[63,107082,518],{"class":82},[63,107084,102],{"class":73},[63,107086,2061],{"class":82},[63,107088,8919],{"class":73},[63,107090,107091],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,107092,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,107094,107095,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,107096,303],{"class":382},[63,107098,307],{"class":73},[63,107100,107034],{"class":181},[63,107102,74],{"class":73},[63,107104,4362],{"class":181},[63,107106,397],{"class":73},[63,107108,107109],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,107110,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,107112,107113,107115,107117,107119],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,107114,70],{"class":69},[63,107116,74],{"class":73},[63,107118,303],{"class":181},[63,107120,397],{"class":73},[20,107122,110],{},[54,107124,107126],{"className":56,"code":107125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107127,107128],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107129,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107131,8888],{"class":73},[63,107133,274],{"class":82},[63,107135,102],{"class":73},[63,107137,518],{"class":82},[63,107139,8919],{"class":73},[20,107141,107142,107143,107145],{},"Choose ",[15,107144,102248],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[49,107147,4119],{"id":4118},[20,107149,14351,107150,2482],{},[15,107151,102248],{},[30,107153,107154,107157,107160,107163],{},[33,107155,107156],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107158,107159],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107161,107162],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107164,107165,107166],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107167,102248],{},[20,107169,107170],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107172,107173,107178,107181,107194],{},[33,107174,311,107175,107177],{},[15,107176,102248],{}," when order matters",[33,107179,107180],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107182,36829,107183,8314,107185,632,107190],{},[15,107184,102248],{},[303,107186,107188],{"href":107187},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107189,102256],{},[303,107191,107192],{"href":102297},[15,107193,99871],{},[33,107195,107196],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107198,29756],{},[54,107200,107202],{"className":56,"code":107201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107203,107204,107214,107228,107246],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107205,107206,107208,107210,107212],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107207,70],{"class":69},[63,107209,74],{"class":73},[63,107211,15285],{"class":181},[63,107213,397],{"class":73},[63,107215,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107217,70],{"class":69},[63,107219,74],{"class":73},[63,107221,418],{"class":417},[63,107223,74],{"class":73},[63,107225,406],{"class":181},[63,107227,86],{"class":73},[63,107229,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,107231,70],{"class":69},[63,107233,74],{"class":73},[63,107235,100042],{"class":181},[63,107237,307],{"class":73},[63,107239,106100],{"class":181},[63,107241,74],{"class":73},[63,107243,100051],{"class":181},[63,107245,86],{"class":73},[63,107247,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,107249,70],{"class":69},[63,107251,74],{"class":73},[63,107253,10774],{"class":69},[63,107255,74],{"class":73},[63,107257,406],{"class":181},[63,107259,86],{"class":73},[20,107261,1820],{},[54,107263,107265],{"className":56,"code":107264,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107266,107267,107291,107311,107315,107333,107337,107347,107357,107371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107268,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107270,3211],{"class":382},[63,107272,386],{"class":270},[63,107274,10102],{"class":73},[63,107276,674],{"class":82},[63,107278,102],{"class":73},[63,107280,105],{"class":82},[63,107282,102],{"class":73},[63,107284,105],{"class":82},[63,107286,102],{"class":73},[63,107288,518],{"class":82},[63,107290,8919],{"class":73},[63,107292,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107294,43166],{"class":382},[63,107296,386],{"class":270},[63,107298,10102],{"class":73},[63,107300,274],{"class":82},[63,107302,102],{"class":73},[63,107304,518],{"class":82},[63,107306,102],{"class":73},[63,107308,2061],{"class":82},[63,107310,8919],{"class":73},[63,107312,107313],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,107314,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,107316,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,107318,383],{"class":382},[63,107320,386],{"class":270},[63,107322,3862],{"class":382},[63,107324,307],{"class":73},[63,107326,106100],{"class":181},[63,107328,74],{"class":73},[63,107330,30364],{"class":181},[63,107332,397],{"class":73},[63,107334,107335],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,107336,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,107338,107339,107341,107343,107345],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,107340,70],{"class":69},[63,107342,74],{"class":73},[63,107344,3243],{"class":181},[63,107346,397],{"class":73},[63,107348,107349,107351,107353,107355],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,107350,70],{"class":69},[63,107352,74],{"class":73},[63,107354,406],{"class":181},[63,107356,397],{"class":73},[63,107358,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,107360,70],{"class":69},[63,107362,74],{"class":73},[63,107364,418],{"class":417},[63,107366,74],{"class":73},[63,107368,406],{"class":181},[63,107370,86],{"class":73},[63,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,107374,70],{"class":69},[63,107376,74],{"class":73},[63,107378,10774],{"class":69},[63,107380,74],{"class":73},[63,107382,406],{"class":181},[63,107384,86],{"class":73},[20,107386,110],{},[54,107388,107390],{"className":56,"code":107389,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107391,107392,107408,107420,107434],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107393,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107395,8888],{"class":73},[63,107397,674],{"class":82},[63,107399,102],{"class":73},[63,107401,105],{"class":82},[63,107403,102],{"class":73},[63,107405,518],{"class":82},[63,107407,8919],{"class":73},[63,107409,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107411,8888],{"class":73},[63,107413,274],{"class":82},[63,107415,102],{"class":73},[63,107417,518],{"class":82},[63,107419,8919],{"class":73},[63,107421,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,107423,441],{"class":270},[63,107425,445],{"class":444},[63,107427,449],{"class":448},[63,107429,5890],{"class":452},[63,107431,456],{"class":448},[63,107433,459],{"class":270},[63,107435,107436],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,107437,824],{"class":82},[20,107439,107440,107441,107443],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107442,274],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[49,107445,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,107447,1459,107449,102196],{"id":107448},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107450,102248],{},[20,107452,102199],{},[1193,107454,1482,107456,107458],{"id":107455},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107457,102248],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107460,107461],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1193,107463,107465],{"id":107464},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107467,107468],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1193,107470,107472],{"id":107471},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107474,107475],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[54,107477,107478],{"className":56,"code":96915,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,107479,107480],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107481,107482,107484],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107483,5890],{"class":417},[63,107485,8252],{"class":73},[49,107487,1517],{"id":1516},[30,107489,107490,107494,107501,107507],{},[33,107491,107492],{},[303,107493,95785],{"href":95784},[33,107495,107496],{},[303,107497,13,107498,10352],{"href":107187},[15,107499,107500],{},"set.union()",[33,107502,107503],{},[303,107504,13,107505,10352],{"href":102297},[15,107506,99876],{},[33,107508,107509],{},[303,107510,99801],{"href":104800},[1542,107512,107513],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":107515},[107516,107518,107519,107520,107521,107523,107528,107529,107537],{"id":106129,"depth":89,"text":107517},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":106637,"depth":89,"text":107522},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106888,"depth":89,"text":107524,"children":107525},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107526,107527],{"id":106100,"depth":254,"text":102248},{"id":107034,"depth":254,"text":106893},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":107530},[107531,107533,107535,107536],{"id":107448,"depth":254,"text":107532},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107455,"depth":254,"text":107534},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107464,"depth":254,"text":107465},{"id":107471,"depth":254,"text":107472},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106022,"description":107538},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107545,"title":107546,"body":107547,"description":108783,"extension":1580,"meta":108784,"navigation":579,"path":108785,"seo":108786,"stem":108787,"__hash__":108788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107548,"toc":108750},[107549,107554,107560,107569,107571,107646,107651,107666,107676,107681,107685,107698,107702,107704,107719,107721,107737,107739,107814,107818,107821,107823,107840,107845,107900,107905,107917,107921,107924,108025,108027,108068,108071,108075,108082,108084,108109,108112,108130,108137,108143,108146,108228,108235,108238,108318,108327,108330,108335,108339,108353,108402,108407,108411,108422,108471,108482,108487,108491,108503,108552,108563,108565,108569,108592,108594,108651,108653,108667,108669,108675,108681,108687,108696,108700,108707,108711,108719,108721,108747],[10,107550,95657,107552,10935],{"id":107551},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107553,12378],{},[20,107555,107556,107559],{},[15,107557,107558],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107561,107562,107563,107565,107566,107568],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[833,107564,973],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107567,12378],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[49,107570,52],{"id":51},[54,107572,107574],{"className":56,"code":107573,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107575,107576,107608,107622,107626,107636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107577,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604,107606],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107579,7386],{"class":382},[63,107581,386],{"class":270},[63,107583,10102],{"class":73},[63,107585,2455],{"class":448},[63,107587,3677],{"class":452},[63,107589,2455],{"class":448},[63,107591,102],{"class":73},[63,107593,1375],{"class":448},[63,107595,3686],{"class":452},[63,107597,2455],{"class":448},[63,107599,102],{"class":73},[63,107601,1375],{"class":448},[63,107603,3695],{"class":452},[63,107605,2455],{"class":448},[63,107607,8919],{"class":73},[63,107609,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107611,69552],{"class":382},[63,107613,386],{"class":270},[63,107615,5568],{"class":382},[63,107617,307],{"class":73},[63,107619,25861],{"class":181},[63,107621,8252],{"class":73},[63,107623,107624],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,107625,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,107627,107628,107630,107632,107634],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,107629,70],{"class":69},[63,107631,74],{"class":73},[63,107633,69575],{"class":181},[63,107635,397],{"class":73},[63,107637,107638,107640,107642,107644],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,107639,70],{"class":69},[63,107641,74],{"class":73},[63,107643,7417],{"class":181},[63,107645,397],{"class":73},[20,107647,107648],{},[833,107649,107650],{},"What this does:",[30,107652,107653,107658,107663],{},[33,107654,107655,107656],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107657,7417],{},[33,107659,107660,107661],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107662,69575],{},[33,107664,107665],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107667,107668,88581,107670,107672,107673,107675],{},[833,107669,83439],{},[15,107671,107558],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[833,107674,973],{}," chosen by index.",[49,107677,138,107679,141],{"id":107678},"what-setpop-does",[15,107680,107558],{},[20,107682,107683,2482],{},[15,107684,107558],{},[30,107686,107687,107689,107692,107695],{},[33,107688,102499],{},[33,107690,107691],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,107693,107694],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,107696,107697],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107699,95781,107700,307],{},[303,107701,95785],{"href":96956},[49,107703,164],{"id":163},[54,107705,107707],{"className":56,"code":107706,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107708,107709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107710,107711,107713,107715,107717],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107712,15285],{"class":382},[63,107714,307],{"class":73},[63,107716,25861],{"class":181},[63,107718,8252],{"class":73},[20,107720,12668],{},[30,107722,107723,107729,107734],{},[33,107724,107725,107726],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107727,107728],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,107730,107731,107732],{},"It takes ",[833,107733,28308],{},[33,107735,107736],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107738,1820],{},[54,107740,107742],{"className":56,"code":107741,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107743,107744,107776,107790,107794,107804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107745,107746,107748,107750,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107747,12692],{"class":382},[63,107749,386],{"class":270},[63,107751,10102],{"class":73},[63,107753,2455],{"class":448},[63,107755,12709],{"class":452},[63,107757,2455],{"class":448},[63,107759,102],{"class":73},[63,107761,1375],{"class":448},[63,107763,12726],{"class":452},[63,107765,2455],{"class":448},[63,107767,102],{"class":73},[63,107769,1375],{"class":448},[63,107771,17074],{"class":452},[63,107773,2455],{"class":448},[63,107775,8919],{"class":73},[63,107777,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107779,28158],{"class":382},[63,107781,386],{"class":270},[63,107783,12740],{"class":382},[63,107785,307],{"class":73},[63,107787,25861],{"class":181},[63,107789,8252],{"class":73},[63,107791,107792],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,107793,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,107795,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,107797,70],{"class":69},[63,107799,74],{"class":73},[63,107801,22930],{"class":181},[63,107803,397],{"class":73},[63,107805,107806,107808,107810,107812],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,107807,70],{"class":69},[63,107809,74],{"class":73},[63,107811,17121],{"class":181},[63,107813,397],{"class":73},[49,107815,107817],{"id":107816},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107819,107820],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107822,1721],{},[30,107824,107825,107831,107834],{},[33,107826,107827,107828,107830],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107829,12378],{}," removes",[33,107832,107833],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,107835,107836,107837,107839],{},"You should not use ",[15,107838,12378],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107841,10072,107842,107844],{},[833,107843,973],{}," valid:",[54,107846,107848],{"className":56,"code":107847,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107849,107850,107882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107851,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876,107878,107880],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107853,35863],{"class":382},[63,107855,386],{"class":270},[63,107857,10102],{"class":73},[63,107859,2455],{"class":448},[63,107861,3677],{"class":452},[63,107863,2455],{"class":448},[63,107865,102],{"class":73},[63,107867,1375],{"class":448},[63,107869,3686],{"class":452},[63,107871,2455],{"class":448},[63,107873,102],{"class":73},[63,107875,1375],{"class":448},[63,107877,3695],{"class":452},[63,107879,2455],{"class":448},[63,107881,8919],{"class":73},[63,107883,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107885,35915],{"class":382},[63,107887,307],{"class":73},[63,107889,25861],{"class":181},[63,107891,74],{"class":73},[63,107893,2455],{"class":448},[63,107895,3677],{"class":452},[63,107897,2455],{"class":448},[63,107899,397],{"class":73},[20,107901,39280,107902,107904],{},[15,107903,107558],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107906,107907,107908,632,107912,307],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[303,107909,107910],{"href":97666},[15,107911,102325],{},[303,107913,107915],{"href":107914},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107916,102316],{},[49,107918,107920],{"id":107919},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107922,107923],{},"Here is a simple example:",[54,107925,107927],{"className":56,"code":107926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107928,107929,107963,107967,107983,107987,108006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107930,107931,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952,107954,107956,107959,107961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107932,107933],{"class":382},"animals ",[63,107935,386],{"class":270},[63,107937,10102],{"class":73},[63,107939,2455],{"class":448},[63,107941,36672],{"class":452},[63,107943,2455],{"class":448},[63,107945,102],{"class":73},[63,107947,1375],{"class":448},[63,107949,57745],{"class":452},[63,107951,2455],{"class":448},[63,107953,102],{"class":73},[63,107955,1375],{"class":448},[63,107957,107958],{"class":452},"rabbit",[63,107960,2455],{"class":448},[63,107962,8919],{"class":73},[63,107964,107965],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,107966,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,107968,107969,107972,107974,107977,107979,107981],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,107970,107971],{"class":382},"removed_animal ",[63,107973,386],{"class":270},[63,107975,107976],{"class":382}," animals",[63,107978,307],{"class":73},[63,107980,25861],{"class":181},[63,107982,8252],{"class":73},[63,107984,107985],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,107986,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,107988,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999,108001,108004],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,107990,70],{"class":69},[63,107992,74],{"class":73},[63,107994,2455],{"class":448},[63,107996,28576],{"class":452},[63,107998,2455],{"class":448},[63,108000,102],{"class":73},[63,108002,108003],{"class":181}," removed_animal",[63,108005,397],{"class":73},[63,108007,108008,108010,108012,108014,108017,108019,108021,108023],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,108009,70],{"class":69},[63,108011,74],{"class":73},[63,108013,2455],{"class":448},[63,108015,108016],{"class":452},"Updated set:",[63,108018,2455],{"class":448},[63,108020,102],{"class":73},[63,108022,107976],{"class":181},[63,108024,397],{"class":73},[20,108026,29650],{},[54,108028,108030],{"className":56,"code":108029,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108031,108032,108041],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108033,108034,108036,108038],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108035,28618],{"class":382},[63,108037,2482],{"class":73},[63,108039,108040],{"class":382}," dog\n",[63,108042,108043,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108044,108045],{"class":382},"Updated ",[63,108047,5890],{"class":417},[63,108049,2482],{"class":73},[63,108051,10102],{"class":73},[63,108053,456],{"class":448},[63,108055,36672],{"class":452},[63,108057,456],{"class":448},[63,108059,102],{"class":73},[63,108061,449],{"class":448},[63,108063,107958],{"class":452},[63,108065,456],{"class":448},[63,108067,8919],{"class":73},[20,108069,108070],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[49,108072,108074],{"id":108073},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108076,29270,108077,108079,108080,307],{},[15,108078,12378],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108081,19307],{},[20,108083,1820],{},[54,108085,108087],{"className":56,"code":108086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108088,108089,108099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108090,108091,108093,108095,108097],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108092,7386],{"class":382},[63,108094,386],{"class":270},[63,108096,15252],{"class":417},[63,108098,8252],{"class":73},[63,108100,108101,108103,108105,108107],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108102,7417],{"class":382},[63,108104,307],{"class":73},[63,108106,25861],{"class":181},[63,108108,8252],{"class":73},[20,108110,108111],{},"This raises:",[54,108113,108115],{"className":56,"code":108114,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108116,108117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108118,108119,108121,108123,108125,108128],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108120,19307],{"class":417},[63,108122,2482],{"class":73},[63,108124,449],{"class":448},[63,108126,108127],{"class":452},"pop from an empty set",[63,108129,29320],{"class":448},[20,108131,108132,108133,108136],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[303,108134,108135],{"href":10686},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1193,108138,108140,108141],{"id":108139},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108142,12378],{},[20,108144,108145],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[54,108147,108149],{"className":56,"code":108148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108150,108151,108161,108165,108173,108188,108207,108213],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108152,108153,108155,108157,108159],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108154,7386],{"class":382},[63,108156,386],{"class":270},[63,108158,15252],{"class":417},[63,108160,8252],{"class":73},[63,108162,108163],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108164,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,108166,108167,108169,108171],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,108168,6602],{"class":3473},[63,108170,5568],{"class":382},[63,108172,5996],{"class":73},[63,108174,108175,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,108176,108177],{"class":382},"    removed ",[63,108179,386],{"class":270},[63,108181,5568],{"class":382},[63,108183,307],{"class":73},[63,108185,25861],{"class":181},[63,108187,8252],{"class":73},[63,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202,108205],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,108191,7677],{"class":69},[63,108193,74],{"class":73},[63,108195,2455],{"class":448},[63,108197,28576],{"class":452},[63,108199,2455],{"class":448},[63,108201,102],{"class":73},[63,108203,108204],{"class":181}," removed",[63,108206,397],{"class":73},[63,108208,108209,108211],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,108210,27054],{"class":3473},[63,108212,5996],{"class":73},[63,108214,108215,108217,108219,108221,108224,108226],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,108216,7677],{"class":69},[63,108218,74],{"class":73},[63,108220,2455],{"class":448},[63,108222,108223],{"class":452},"The set is empty.",[63,108225,2455],{"class":448},[63,108227,397],{"class":73},[1193,108229,128,108231,3993,108233],{"id":108230},"use-try-and-except",[15,108232,29424],{},[15,108234,29455],{},[20,108236,108237],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[54,108239,108241],{"className":56,"code":108240,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108242,108243,108253,108257,108263,108277,108295,108303],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108244,108245,108247,108249,108251],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108246,7386],{"class":382},[63,108248,386],{"class":270},[63,108250,15252],{"class":417},[63,108252,8252],{"class":73},[63,108254,108255],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108256,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,108258,108259,108261],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,108260,29424],{"class":3473},[63,108262,5996],{"class":73},[63,108264,108265,108267,108269,108271,108273,108275],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,108266,108177],{"class":382},[63,108268,386],{"class":270},[63,108270,5568],{"class":382},[63,108272,307],{"class":73},[63,108274,25861],{"class":181},[63,108276,8252],{"class":73},[63,108278,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,108280,7677],{"class":69},[63,108282,74],{"class":73},[63,108284,2455],{"class":448},[63,108286,28576],{"class":452},[63,108288,2455],{"class":448},[63,108290,102],{"class":73},[63,108292,108204],{"class":181},[63,108294,397],{"class":73},[63,108296,108297,108299,108301],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,108298,29455],{"class":3473},[63,108300,29458],{"class":417},[63,108302,5996],{"class":73},[63,108304,108305,108307,108309,108311,108314,108316],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,108306,7677],{"class":69},[63,108308,74],{"class":73},[63,108310,2455],{"class":448},[63,108312,108313],{"class":452},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[63,108315,2455],{"class":448},[63,108317,397],{"class":73},[49,108319,1114,108321,10197,108323,10197,108325],{"id":108320},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108322,12378],{},[15,108324,55146],{},[15,108326,102311],{},[20,108328,108329],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1193,108331,128,108333],{"id":108332},"use-pop",[15,108334,12378],{},[20,108336,128,108337,10213],{},[15,108338,12378],{},[30,108340,108341,108347,108350],{},[33,108342,108343,108344],{},"You want to remove ",[833,108345,108346],{},"any one item",[33,108348,108349],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108351,108352],{},"You want the removed item returned",[54,108354,108356],{"className":56,"code":108355,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108357,108358,108378,108392],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108359,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108361,3211],{"class":382},[63,108363,386],{"class":270},[63,108365,10102],{"class":73},[63,108367,674],{"class":82},[63,108369,102],{"class":73},[63,108371,105],{"class":82},[63,108373,102],{"class":73},[63,108375,518],{"class":82},[63,108377,8919],{"class":73},[63,108379,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388,108390],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108381,984],{"class":382},[63,108383,386],{"class":270},[63,108385,3862],{"class":382},[63,108387,307],{"class":73},[63,108389,25861],{"class":181},[63,108391,8252],{"class":73},[63,108393,108394,108396,108398,108400],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,108395,70],{"class":69},[63,108397,74],{"class":73},[63,108399,1002],{"class":181},[63,108401,397],{"class":73},[1193,108403,128,108405],{"id":108404},"use-remove",[15,108406,55146],{},[20,108408,128,108409,10213],{},[15,108410,55146],{},[30,108412,108413,108419],{},[33,108414,108415,108416],{},"You want to delete a ",[833,108417,108418],{},"specific item",[33,108420,108421],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[54,108423,108425],{"className":56,"code":108424,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108426,108427,108447,108461],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108428,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437,108439,108441,108443,108445],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108430,3211],{"class":382},[63,108432,386],{"class":270},[63,108434,10102],{"class":73},[63,108436,674],{"class":82},[63,108438,102],{"class":73},[63,108440,105],{"class":82},[63,108442,102],{"class":73},[63,108444,518],{"class":82},[63,108446,8919],{"class":73},[63,108448,108449,108451,108453,108455,108457,108459],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108450,3243],{"class":382},[63,108452,307],{"class":73},[63,108454,34416],{"class":181},[63,108456,74],{"class":73},[63,108458,274],{"class":82},[63,108460,397],{"class":73},[63,108462,108463,108465,108467,108469],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,108464,70],{"class":69},[63,108466,74],{"class":73},[63,108468,3243],{"class":181},[63,108470,397],{"class":73},[20,108472,108473,108474,108476,108477,108481],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108475,55146],{}," raises an error. See the ",[303,108478,108479,10352],{"href":97666},[15,108480,102325],{}," for details.",[1193,108483,128,108485],{"id":108484},"use-discard",[15,108486,102311],{},[20,108488,128,108489,10213],{},[15,108490,102311],{},[30,108492,108493,108497],{},[33,108494,108415,108495],{},[833,108496,108418],{},[33,108498,108499,108500,108502],{},"You do ",[833,108501,973],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[54,108504,108506],{"className":56,"code":108505,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108507,108508,108528,108542],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108509,108510,108512,108514,108516,108518,108520,108522,108524,108526],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108511,3211],{"class":382},[63,108513,386],{"class":270},[63,108515,10102],{"class":73},[63,108517,674],{"class":82},[63,108519,102],{"class":73},[63,108521,105],{"class":82},[63,108523,102],{"class":73},[63,108525,518],{"class":82},[63,108527,8919],{"class":73},[63,108529,108530,108532,108534,108536,108538,108540],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108531,3243],{"class":382},[63,108533,307],{"class":73},[63,108535,102378],{"class":181},[63,108537,74],{"class":73},[63,108539,1750],{"class":82},[63,108541,397],{"class":73},[63,108543,108544,108546,108548,108550],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,108545,70],{"class":69},[63,108547,74],{"class":73},[63,108549,3243],{"class":181},[63,108551,397],{"class":73},[20,108553,108554,108555,108557,108558,108562],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108556,1750],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[303,108559,108560,10352],{"href":107914},[15,108561,102316],{}," for more examples.",[49,108564,1186],{"id":1185},[20,108566,71098,108567,2482],{},[15,108568,107558],{},[30,108570,108571,108577,108582,108587],{},[33,108572,108573,108574],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108575,108576],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,108578,1196,108579,108581],{},[15,108580,12378],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,108583,29270,108584,108586],{},[15,108585,12378],{}," on an empty set",[33,108588,311,108589,108591],{},[15,108590,12378],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108593,61914],{},[54,108595,108597],{"className":56,"code":108596,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108598,108599,108609,108623,108637],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108600,108601,108603,108605,108607],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108602,70],{"class":69},[63,108604,74],{"class":73},[63,108606,15285],{"class":181},[63,108608,397],{"class":73},[63,108610,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619,108621],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108612,70],{"class":69},[63,108614,74],{"class":73},[63,108616,10774],{"class":69},[63,108618,74],{"class":73},[63,108620,15285],{"class":181},[63,108622,86],{"class":73},[63,108624,108625,108627,108629,108631,108633,108635],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,108626,70],{"class":69},[63,108628,74],{"class":73},[63,108630,418],{"class":417},[63,108632,74],{"class":73},[63,108634,15285],{"class":181},[63,108636,86],{"class":73},[63,108638,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647,108649],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,108640,28158],{"class":382},[63,108642,386],{"class":270},[63,108644,96381],{"class":382},[63,108646,307],{"class":73},[63,108648,25861],{"class":181},[63,108650,8252],{"class":73},[20,108652,25628],{},[30,108654,108655,108658,108661,108664],{},[33,108656,108657],{},"What values are in the set",[33,108659,108660],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,108662,108663],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,108665,108666],{},"What value was actually removed",[49,108668,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,108670,1459,108672,108674],{"id":108671},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108673,107558],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108676,108677,108678,108680],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108679,12378],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1193,108682,108684,108685,1506],{"id":108683},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108686,107558],{},[20,108688,108689,108690,108692,108693,108695],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108691,12378],{},", set ",[15,108694,12378],{}," does not accept an index.",[1193,108697,108699],{"id":108698},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108701,71267,108702,44247,108704,108706],{},[15,108703,19307],{},[15,108705,12378],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1193,108708,108710],{"id":108709},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108712,128,108713,632,108715,10704,108717,307],{},[15,108714,55146],{},[15,108716,102311],{},[15,108718,12378],{},[49,108720,1517],{"id":1516},[30,108722,108723,108727,108733,108739,108743],{},[33,108724,108725],{},[303,108726,95785],{"href":96956},[33,108728,108729],{},[303,108730,96271,108731,10352],{"href":97666},[15,108732,55146],{},[33,108734,108735],{},[303,108736,96271,108737,10352],{"href":107914},[15,108738,102311],{},[33,108740,108741],{},[303,108742,10875],{"href":10686},[33,108744,108745],{},[303,108746,55132],{"href":54684},[1542,108748,108749],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":108751},[108752,108753,108755,108756,108757,108758,108764,108773,108774,108782],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":107678,"depth":89,"text":108754},"What set.pop() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":107816,"depth":89,"text":107817},{"id":107919,"depth":89,"text":107920},{"id":108073,"depth":89,"text":108074,"children":108759},[108760,108762],{"id":108139,"depth":254,"text":108761},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108230,"depth":254,"text":108763},"Use try and except",{"id":108320,"depth":89,"text":108765,"children":108766},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108767,108769,108771],{"id":108332,"depth":254,"text":108768},"Use pop()",{"id":108404,"depth":254,"text":108770},"Use remove()",{"id":108484,"depth":254,"text":108772},"Use discard()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":108775},[108776,108778,108780,108781],{"id":108671,"depth":254,"text":108777},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108683,"depth":254,"text":108779},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108698,"depth":254,"text":108699},{"id":108709,"depth":254,"text":108710},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107546,"description":108783},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108790,"title":108791,"body":108792,"description":109946,"extension":1580,"meta":109947,"navigation":579,"path":109948,"seo":109949,"stem":109950,"__hash__":109951},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108793,"toc":109914},[108794,108799,108804,108813,108815,108880,108884,108908,108915,108920,108924,108939,108942,108944,108963,108977,108980,109028,109032,109048,109050,109123,109127,109152,109158,109166,109170,109177,109232,109237,109254,109260,109266,109271,109279,109286,109290,109298,109353,109355,109372,109376,109383,109448,109452,109485,109487,109499,109506,109508,109513,109520,109522,109591,109595,109603,109605,109669,109673,109678,109725,109730,109798,109806,109813,109816,109822,109827,109831,109833,109836,109838,109843,109848,109854,109859,109866,109874,109880,109883,109885,109911],[10,108795,95657,108797,10935],{"id":108796},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108798,55146],{},[20,108800,108801,108803],{},[15,108802,102325],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108805,108806,108807,108810,108811,307],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[833,108808,108809],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108812,19307],{},[49,108814,52],{"id":51},[54,108816,108818],{"className":56,"code":108817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108819,108820,108852,108870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108821,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832,108834,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108823,12692],{"class":382},[63,108825,386],{"class":270},[63,108827,10102],{"class":73},[63,108829,2455],{"class":448},[63,108831,12709],{"class":452},[63,108833,2455],{"class":448},[63,108835,102],{"class":73},[63,108837,1375],{"class":448},[63,108839,12726],{"class":452},[63,108841,2455],{"class":448},[63,108843,102],{"class":73},[63,108845,1375],{"class":448},[63,108847,17074],{"class":452},[63,108849,2455],{"class":448},[63,108851,8919],{"class":73},[63,108853,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864,108866,108868],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,108855,17121],{"class":382},[63,108857,307],{"class":73},[63,108859,34416],{"class":181},[63,108861,74],{"class":73},[63,108863,2455],{"class":448},[63,108865,12726],{"class":452},[63,108867,2455],{"class":448},[63,108869,397],{"class":73},[63,108871,108872,108874,108876,108878],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,108873,70],{"class":69},[63,108875,74],{"class":73},[63,108877,17121],{"class":181},[63,108879,397],{"class":73},[20,108881,108882],{},[833,108883,29650],{},[54,108885,108886],{"className":56,"code":103005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,108887,108888],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108889,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108891,8888],{"class":73},[63,108893,456],{"class":448},[63,108895,12709],{"class":452},[63,108897,456],{"class":448},[63,108899,102],{"class":73},[63,108901,449],{"class":448},[63,108903,17074],{"class":452},[63,108905,456],{"class":448},[63,108907,8919],{"class":73},[20,108909,128,108910,108912,108913,307],{},[15,108911,55146],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108914,19307],{},[49,108916,138,108918,141],{"id":108917},"what-setremove-does",[15,108919,102325],{},[20,108921,108922,2482],{},[15,108923,102325],{},[30,108925,108926,108929,108931,108933],{},[33,108927,108928],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,108930,95772],{},[33,108932,95775],{},[33,108934,108935,108936,108938],{},"Raises ",[15,108937,19307],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108940,108941],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[49,108943,164],{"id":163},[54,108945,108947],{"className":56,"code":108946,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108948,108949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108950,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108952,15285],{"class":382},[63,108954,307],{"class":73},[63,108956,34416],{"class":181},[63,108958,74],{"class":73},[63,108960,1002],{"class":181},[63,108962,397],{"class":73},[30,108964,108965,108969,108974],{},[33,108966,108967,102547],{},[15,108968,15285],{},[33,108970,108971,108973],{},[15,108972,1002],{}," is the item to remove",[33,108975,108976],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108978,108979],{},"Here is a small example:",[54,108981,108982],{"className":56,"code":108424,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,108983,108984,109004,109018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108985,108986,108988,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000,109002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108987,3211],{"class":382},[63,108989,386],{"class":270},[63,108991,10102],{"class":73},[63,108993,674],{"class":82},[63,108995,102],{"class":73},[63,108997,105],{"class":82},[63,108999,102],{"class":73},[63,109001,518],{"class":82},[63,109003,8919],{"class":73},[63,109005,109006,109008,109010,109012,109014,109016],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109007,3243],{"class":382},[63,109009,307],{"class":73},[63,109011,34416],{"class":181},[63,109013,74],{"class":73},[63,109015,274],{"class":82},[63,109017,397],{"class":73},[63,109019,109020,109022,109024,109026],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,109021,70],{"class":69},[63,109023,74],{"class":73},[63,109025,3243],{"class":181},[63,109027,397],{"class":73},[20,109029,109030],{},[833,109031,29650],{},[54,109033,109034],{"className":56,"code":100755,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,109035,109036],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109037,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109039,8888],{"class":73},[63,109041,674],{"class":82},[63,109043,102],{"class":73},[63,109045,518],{"class":82},[63,109047,8919],{"class":73},[49,109049,11089],{"id":11088},[54,109051,109053],{"className":56,"code":109052,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109054,109055,109087,109091,109109,109113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109056,109057,109059,109061,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109058,35863],{"class":382},[63,109060,386],{"class":270},[63,109062,10102],{"class":73},[63,109064,2455],{"class":448},[63,109066,3677],{"class":452},[63,109068,2455],{"class":448},[63,109070,102],{"class":73},[63,109072,1375],{"class":448},[63,109074,3686],{"class":452},[63,109076,2455],{"class":448},[63,109078,102],{"class":73},[63,109080,1375],{"class":448},[63,109082,32843],{"class":452},[63,109084,2455],{"class":448},[63,109086,8919],{"class":73},[63,109088,109089],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109090,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,109092,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,109094,35915],{"class":382},[63,109096,307],{"class":73},[63,109098,34416],{"class":181},[63,109100,74],{"class":73},[63,109102,2455],{"class":448},[63,109104,3686],{"class":452},[63,109106,2455],{"class":448},[63,109108,397],{"class":73},[63,109110,109111],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,109112,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,109114,109115,109117,109119,109121],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,109116,70],{"class":69},[63,109118,74],{"class":73},[63,109120,35915],{"class":181},[63,109122,397],{"class":73},[20,109124,109125],{},[833,109126,29650],{},[54,109128,109130],{"className":56,"code":109129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109131,109132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109133,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148,109150],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109135,8888],{"class":73},[63,109137,456],{"class":448},[63,109139,3677],{"class":452},[63,109141,456],{"class":448},[63,109143,102],{"class":73},[63,109145,449],{"class":448},[63,109147,32843],{"class":452},[63,109149,456],{"class":448},[63,109151,8919],{"class":73},[20,109153,109154,109155,109157],{},"This removes ",[15,109156,64894],{}," from the set.",[20,109159,109160,109161,109163,109164,307],{},"A set does ",[833,109162,973],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[303,109165,95789],{"href":97340},[49,109167,109169],{"id":109168},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109171,109172,109173,52111,109175,307],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109174,55146],{},[15,109176,19307],{},[54,109178,109180],{"className":56,"code":109179,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109181,109182,109214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109183,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109185,12692],{"class":382},[63,109187,386],{"class":270},[63,109189,10102],{"class":73},[63,109191,2455],{"class":448},[63,109193,12709],{"class":452},[63,109195,2455],{"class":448},[63,109197,102],{"class":73},[63,109199,1375],{"class":448},[63,109201,12726],{"class":452},[63,109203,2455],{"class":448},[63,109205,102],{"class":73},[63,109207,1375],{"class":448},[63,109209,17074],{"class":452},[63,109211,2455],{"class":448},[63,109213,8919],{"class":73},[63,109215,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109217,17121],{"class":382},[63,109219,307],{"class":73},[63,109221,34416],{"class":181},[63,109223,74],{"class":73},[63,109225,2455],{"class":448},[63,109227,22144],{"class":452},[63,109229,2455],{"class":448},[63,109231,397],{"class":73},[20,109233,109234],{},[833,109235,109236],{},"Result:",[54,109238,109240],{"className":56,"code":109239,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109241,109242],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109243,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109245,19307],{"class":417},[63,109247,2482],{"class":73},[63,109249,449],{"class":448},[63,109251,22144],{"class":452},[63,109253,29320],{"class":448},[20,109255,21809,109256,109259],{},[15,109257,109258],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109261,109262,109263,109265],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109264,55146],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109267,109268,109269,307],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[303,109270,10875],{"href":10686},[49,109272,3797,109274,109276,109277],{"id":109273},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109275,55146],{}," is different from ",[15,109278,102311],{},[20,109280,109281,3993,109283,109285],{},[15,109282,55146],{},[15,109284,102311],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1193,109287,109288],{"id":34416},[15,109289,55146],{},[30,109291,109292,109295],{},[33,109293,109294],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109296,109297],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[54,109299,109301],{"className":56,"code":109300,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109302,109303,109335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109304,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109306,35714],{"class":382},[63,109308,386],{"class":270},[63,109310,10102],{"class":73},[63,109312,2455],{"class":448},[63,109314,303],{"class":452},[63,109316,2455],{"class":448},[63,109318,102],{"class":73},[63,109320,1375],{"class":448},[63,109322,4362],{"class":452},[63,109324,2455],{"class":448},[63,109326,102],{"class":73},[63,109328,1375],{"class":448},[63,109330,9350],{"class":452},[63,109332,2455],{"class":448},[63,109334,8919],{"class":73},[63,109336,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347,109349,109351],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109338,35767],{"class":382},[63,109340,307],{"class":73},[63,109342,34416],{"class":181},[63,109344,74],{"class":73},[63,109346,2455],{"class":448},[63,109348,18387],{"class":452},[63,109350,2455],{"class":448},[63,109352,397],{"class":73},[20,109354,108111],{},[54,109356,109358],{"className":56,"code":109357,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109359,109360],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109361,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109363,19307],{"class":417},[63,109365,2482],{"class":73},[63,109367,449],{"class":448},[63,109369,18387],{"class":452},[63,109371,29320],{"class":448},[1193,109373,109374],{"id":102378},[15,109375,102311],{},[30,109377,109378,109380],{},[33,109379,109294],{},[33,109381,109382],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[54,109384,109386],{"className":56,"code":109385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109387,109388,109420,109438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109389,109390,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402,109404,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109391,35714],{"class":382},[63,109393,386],{"class":270},[63,109395,10102],{"class":73},[63,109397,2455],{"class":448},[63,109399,303],{"class":452},[63,109401,2455],{"class":448},[63,109403,102],{"class":73},[63,109405,1375],{"class":448},[63,109407,4362],{"class":452},[63,109409,2455],{"class":448},[63,109411,102],{"class":73},[63,109413,1375],{"class":448},[63,109415,9350],{"class":452},[63,109417,2455],{"class":448},[63,109419,8919],{"class":73},[63,109421,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430,109432,109434,109436],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109423,35767],{"class":382},[63,109425,307],{"class":73},[63,109427,102378],{"class":181},[63,109429,74],{"class":73},[63,109431,2455],{"class":448},[63,109433,18387],{"class":452},[63,109435,2455],{"class":448},[63,109437,397],{"class":73},[63,109439,109440,109442,109444,109446],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,109441,70],{"class":69},[63,109443,74],{"class":73},[63,109445,35767],{"class":181},[63,109447,397],{"class":73},[20,109449,109450],{},[833,109451,110],{},[54,109453,109455],{"className":56,"code":109454,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109456,109457],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109458,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109460,8888],{"class":73},[63,109462,456],{"class":448},[63,109464,303],{"class":452},[63,109466,456],{"class":448},[63,109468,102],{"class":73},[63,109470,449],{"class":448},[63,109472,4362],{"class":452},[63,109474,456],{"class":448},[63,109476,102],{"class":73},[63,109478,449],{"class":448},[63,109480,9350],{"class":452},[63,109482,456],{"class":448},[63,109484,8919],{"class":73},[20,109486,18314],{},[30,109488,109489,109494],{},[33,109490,109491,109493],{},[15,109492,55146],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,109495,109496,109498],{},[15,109497,102311],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109500,109501,109502,307],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[303,109503,96271,109504,10352],{"href":107914},[15,109505,102311],{},[49,109507,4119],{"id":4118},[1193,109509,1196,109511,96651],{"id":109510},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109512,55146],{},[20,109514,109515,109517,109518,307],{},[15,109516,55146],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109519,3373],{},[20,109521,16262],{},[54,109523,109525],{"className":56,"code":109524,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109526,109527,109559,109581],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109528,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109530,12692],{"class":382},[63,109532,386],{"class":270},[63,109534,10102],{"class":73},[63,109536,2455],{"class":448},[63,109538,12709],{"class":452},[63,109540,2455],{"class":448},[63,109542,102],{"class":73},[63,109544,1375],{"class":448},[63,109546,12726],{"class":452},[63,109548,2455],{"class":448},[63,109550,102],{"class":73},[63,109552,1375],{"class":448},[63,109554,17074],{"class":452},[63,109556,2455],{"class":448},[63,109558,8919],{"class":73},[63,109560,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109562,12735],{"class":382},[63,109564,386],{"class":270},[63,109566,12740],{"class":382},[63,109568,307],{"class":73},[63,109570,34416],{"class":181},[63,109572,74],{"class":73},[63,109574,2455],{"class":448},[63,109576,12726],{"class":452},[63,109578,2455],{"class":448},[63,109580,397],{"class":73},[63,109582,109583,109585,109587,109589],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,109584,70],{"class":69},[63,109586,74],{"class":73},[63,109588,12759],{"class":181},[63,109590,397],{"class":73},[20,109592,109593],{},[833,109594,110],{},[54,109596,109597],{"className":56,"code":11423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,109598,109599],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109600,109601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109602,11423],{"class":3448},[20,109604,16274],{},[54,109606,109607],{"className":56,"code":108817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,109608,109609,109641,109659],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109610,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109612,12692],{"class":382},[63,109614,386],{"class":270},[63,109616,10102],{"class":73},[63,109618,2455],{"class":448},[63,109620,12709],{"class":452},[63,109622,2455],{"class":448},[63,109624,102],{"class":73},[63,109626,1375],{"class":448},[63,109628,12726],{"class":452},[63,109630,2455],{"class":448},[63,109632,102],{"class":73},[63,109634,1375],{"class":448},[63,109636,17074],{"class":452},[63,109638,2455],{"class":448},[63,109640,8919],{"class":73},[63,109642,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109644,17121],{"class":382},[63,109646,307],{"class":73},[63,109648,34416],{"class":181},[63,109650,74],{"class":73},[63,109652,2455],{"class":448},[63,109654,12726],{"class":452},[63,109656,2455],{"class":448},[63,109658,397],{"class":73},[63,109660,109661,109663,109665,109667],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,109662,70],{"class":69},[63,109664,74],{"class":73},[63,109666,17121],{"class":181},[63,109668,397],{"class":73},[1193,109670,109672],{"id":109671},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109674,109675,109676,307],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109677,19307],{},[54,109679,109681],{"className":56,"code":109680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109682,109683,109707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109684,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109686,12692],{"class":382},[63,109688,386],{"class":270},[63,109690,10102],{"class":73},[63,109692,2455],{"class":448},[63,109694,12709],{"class":452},[63,109696,2455],{"class":448},[63,109698,102],{"class":73},[63,109700,1375],{"class":448},[63,109702,12726],{"class":452},[63,109704,2455],{"class":448},[63,109706,8919],{"class":73},[63,109708,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109710,17121],{"class":382},[63,109712,307],{"class":73},[63,109714,34416],{"class":181},[63,109716,74],{"class":73},[63,109718,2455],{"class":448},[63,109720,17074],{"class":452},[63,109722,2455],{"class":448},[63,109724,397],{"class":73},[20,109726,109727,109728,2482],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109729,3480],{},[54,109731,109733],{"className":56,"code":109732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109734,109735,109759,109763,109779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109736,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109738,12692],{"class":382},[63,109740,386],{"class":270},[63,109742,10102],{"class":73},[63,109744,2455],{"class":448},[63,109746,12709],{"class":452},[63,109748,2455],{"class":448},[63,109750,102],{"class":73},[63,109752,1375],{"class":448},[63,109754,12726],{"class":452},[63,109756,2455],{"class":448},[63,109758,8919],{"class":73},[63,109760,109761],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,109762,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,109764,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,109766,6602],{"class":3473},[63,109768,1375],{"class":448},[63,109770,17074],{"class":452},[63,109772,2455],{"class":448},[63,109774,20793],{"class":270},[63,109776,12740],{"class":382},[63,109778,5996],{"class":73},[63,109780,109781,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,109782,109783],{"class":382},"    colors",[63,109785,307],{"class":73},[63,109787,34416],{"class":181},[63,109789,74],{"class":73},[63,109791,2455],{"class":448},[63,109793,17074],{"class":452},[63,109795,2455],{"class":448},[63,109797,397],{"class":73},[20,109799,109800,109801,109805],{},"Or use ",[303,109802,109803],{"href":107914},[15,109804,102311],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1193,109807,36829,109809,8314,109811],{"id":109808},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109810,102325],{},[15,109812,54692],{},[20,109814,109815],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109817,109818,109819,109821],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109820,102325],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109823,109824,109825,307],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[303,109826,98535],{"href":98534},[1193,109828,109830],{"id":109829},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109832,107820],{},[20,109834,109835],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[49,109837,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,109839,1459,109841,96750],{"id":109840},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109842,102325],{},[20,109844,109845,109846,307],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109847,3373],{},[1193,109849,29908,109851,109853],{"id":109850},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109852,102325],{}," raise?",[20,109855,29914,109856,109858],{},[15,109857,19307],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1193,109860,21040,109862,632,109864,1506],{"id":109861},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109863,55146],{},[15,109865,102311],{},[20,109867,128,109868,109870,109871,109873],{},[15,109869,55146],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109872,102311],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1193,109875,1482,109877,109879],{"id":109876},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109878,102325],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109881,109882],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[49,109884,1517],{"id":1516},[30,109886,109887,109893,109899,109903,109907],{},[33,109888,109889],{},[303,109890,96271,109891,10352],{"href":107914},[15,109892,102311],{},[33,109894,109895],{},[303,109896,96271,109897,10352],{"href":97671},[15,109898,12378],{},[33,109900,109901],{},[303,109902,96795],{"href":97340},[33,109904,109905],{},[303,109906,99801],{"href":98534},[33,109908,109909],{},[303,109910,10875],{"href":10686},[1542,109912,109913],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":109915},[109916,109917,109919,109920,109921,109922,109927,109935,109945],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":108917,"depth":89,"text":109918},"What set.remove() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":109168,"depth":89,"text":109169},{"id":109273,"depth":89,"text":109923,"children":109924},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109925,109926],{"id":34416,"depth":254,"text":55146},{"id":102378,"depth":254,"text":102311},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":109928},[109929,109931,109932,109934],{"id":109510,"depth":254,"text":109930},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109671,"depth":254,"text":109672},{"id":109808,"depth":254,"text":109933},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109829,"depth":254,"text":109830},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":109936},[109937,109939,109941,109943],{"id":109840,"depth":254,"text":109938},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109850,"depth":254,"text":109940},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109861,"depth":254,"text":109942},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109876,"depth":254,"text":109944},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108791,"description":109946},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109953,"title":109954,"body":109955,"description":111328,"extension":1580,"meta":111329,"navigation":579,"path":111330,"seo":111331,"stem":111332,"__hash__":111333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109956,"toc":111303},[109957,109963,109969,109972,109975,109989,109991,110072,110075,110080,110084,110098,110105,110107,110126,110129,110147,110149,110229,110231,110256,110260,110263,110271,110276,110281,110283,110296,110301,110304,110328,110331,110339,110341,110344,110441,110443,110476,110478,110504,110511,110514,110518,110526,110530,110538,110540,110630,110632,110646,110653,110658,110663,110665,110756,110758,110770,110772,110786,110792,110800,110802,110884,110886,110931,110934,110942,110945,110947,110951,110994,110996,111016,111021,111023,111108,111110,111115,111117,111124,111132,111138,111141,111143,111229,111231,111255,111259,111262,111264,111291,111301],[10,109958,95657,109960,10935],{"id":109959},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109961,109962],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109964,109965,109968],{},[15,109966,109967],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109970,109971],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109973,109974],{},"Use it when:",[30,109976,109977,109980,109986],{},[33,109978,109979],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,109981,109982,109983,109985],{},"you do ",[833,109984,973],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,109987,109988],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[49,109990,3201],{"id":3200},[54,109992,109994],{"className":56,"code":109993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109995,109996,110016,110036,110040,110059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109997,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109999,2157],{"class":382},[63,110001,386],{"class":270},[63,110003,10102],{"class":73},[63,110005,674],{"class":82},[63,110007,102],{"class":73},[63,110009,105],{"class":82},[63,110011,102],{"class":73},[63,110013,518],{"class":82},[63,110015,8919],{"class":73},[63,110017,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,110019,2185],{"class":382},[63,110021,386],{"class":270},[63,110023,10102],{"class":73},[63,110025,715],{"class":82},[63,110027,102],{"class":73},[63,110029,2061],{"class":82},[63,110031,102],{"class":73},[63,110033,4206],{"class":82},[63,110035,8919],{"class":73},[63,110037,110038],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,110039,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,110041,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110053,110055,110057],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,110043,383],{"class":382},[63,110045,386],{"class":270},[63,110047,56505],{"class":382},[63,110049,307],{"class":73},[63,110051,110052],{"class":181},"symmetric_difference",[63,110054,74],{"class":73},[63,110056,4362],{"class":181},[63,110058,397],{"class":73},[63,110060,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,110062,70],{"class":69},[63,110064,74],{"class":73},[63,110066,406],{"class":181},[63,110068,3256],{"class":73},[63,110070,110071],{"class":1357},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110073,110074],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[49,110076,138,110078,141],{"id":110077},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110079,109962],{},[20,110081,110082,2482],{},[15,110083,109967],{},[30,110085,110086,110089,110092,110095],{},[33,110087,110088],{},"returns a new set",[33,110090,110091],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110093,110094],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110096,110097],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110099,95781,110100,632,110102,307],{},[303,110101,95785],{"href":95784},[303,110103,110104],{"href":95788},"creating a set in Python",[49,110106,164],{"id":163},[54,110108,110110],{"className":56,"code":110109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110111,110112],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110113,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110115,100042],{"class":382},[63,110117,307],{"class":73},[63,110119,110052],{"class":181},[63,110121,74],{"class":73},[63,110123,100051],{"class":181},[63,110125,397],{"class":73},[20,110127,110128],{},"Notes:",[30,110130,110131,110136,110141,110144],{},[33,110132,110133,110135],{},[15,110134,100042],{}," must be a set",[33,110137,110138,110140],{},[15,110139,100051],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110142,110143],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110145,110146],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110148,1820],{},[54,110150,110152],{"className":56,"code":110151,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110153,110154,110175,110196,110200,110219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110155,110156,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110157,110158],{"class":382},"set1 ",[63,110160,386],{"class":270},[63,110162,10102],{"class":73},[63,110164,674],{"class":82},[63,110166,102],{"class":73},[63,110168,105],{"class":82},[63,110170,102],{"class":73},[63,110172,518],{"class":82},[63,110174,8919],{"class":73},[63,110176,110177,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,110178,110179],{"class":382},"set2 ",[63,110181,386],{"class":270},[63,110183,10102],{"class":73},[63,110185,715],{"class":82},[63,110187,102],{"class":73},[63,110189,2061],{"class":82},[63,110191,102],{"class":73},[63,110193,4206],{"class":82},[63,110195,8919],{"class":73},[63,110197,110198],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,110199,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,110201,110202,110204,110206,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,110203,383],{"class":382},[63,110205,386],{"class":270},[63,110207,110208],{"class":382}," set1",[63,110210,307],{"class":73},[63,110212,110052],{"class":181},[63,110214,74],{"class":73},[63,110216,100051],{"class":181},[63,110218,397],{"class":73},[63,110220,110221,110223,110225,110227],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,110222,70],{"class":69},[63,110224,74],{"class":73},[63,110226,406],{"class":181},[63,110228,397],{"class":73},[20,110230,110],{},[54,110232,110234],{"className":56,"code":110233,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110235,110236],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110237,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110239,8888],{"class":73},[63,110241,674],{"class":82},[63,110243,102],{"class":73},[63,110245,105],{"class":82},[63,110247,102],{"class":73},[63,110249,2061],{"class":82},[63,110251,102],{"class":73},[63,110253,4206],{"class":82},[63,110255,8919],{"class":73},[49,110257,110259],{"id":110258},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110261,110262],{},"The result includes:",[30,110264,110265,110268],{},[33,110266,110267],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110269,110270],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110272,110273,110274,10695],{},"The result does ",[833,110275,973],{},[30,110277,110278],{},[33,110279,110280],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110282,777],{},[30,110284,110285,110290],{},[33,110286,110287,110288],{},"first set: ",[15,110289,99739],{},[33,110291,110292,110293],{},"second set: ",[15,110294,110295],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110297,3647,110298,110300],{},[15,110299,715],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110302,110303],{},"The output is:",[54,110305,110306],{"className":56,"code":110233,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,110307,110308],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110309,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110311,8888],{"class":73},[63,110313,674],{"class":82},[63,110315,102],{"class":73},[63,110317,105],{"class":82},[63,110319,102],{"class":73},[63,110321,2061],{"class":82},[63,110323,102],{"class":73},[63,110325,4206],{"class":82},[63,110327,8919],{"class":73},[20,110329,110330],{},"Also remember:",[30,110332,110333,110336],{},[33,110334,110335],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110337,110338],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[49,110340,11089],{"id":11088},[20,110342,110343],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[54,110345,110347],{"className":56,"code":110346,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110348,110349,110381,110405,110409,110427,110431],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110350,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377,110379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110352,106482],{"class":382},[63,110354,386],{"class":270},[63,110356,10102],{"class":73},[63,110358,2455],{"class":448},[63,110360,12709],{"class":452},[63,110362,2455],{"class":448},[63,110364,102],{"class":73},[63,110366,1375],{"class":448},[63,110368,12726],{"class":452},[63,110370,2455],{"class":448},[63,110372,102],{"class":73},[63,110374,1375],{"class":448},[63,110376,17074],{"class":452},[63,110378,2455],{"class":448},[63,110380,8919],{"class":73},[63,110382,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397,110399,110401,110403],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,110384,106515],{"class":382},[63,110386,386],{"class":270},[63,110388,10102],{"class":73},[63,110390,2455],{"class":448},[63,110392,17074],{"class":452},[63,110394,2455],{"class":448},[63,110396,102],{"class":73},[63,110398,1375],{"class":448},[63,110400,22144],{"class":452},[63,110402,2455],{"class":448},[63,110404,8919],{"class":73},[63,110406,110407],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,110408,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,110410,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,110412,383],{"class":382},[63,110414,386],{"class":270},[63,110416,106557],{"class":382},[63,110418,307],{"class":73},[63,110420,110052],{"class":181},[63,110422,74],{"class":73},[63,110424,106566],{"class":181},[63,110426,397],{"class":73},[63,110428,110429],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,110430,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,110432,110433,110435,110437,110439],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,110434,70],{"class":69},[63,110436,74],{"class":73},[63,110438,406],{"class":181},[63,110440,397],{"class":73},[20,110442,110],{},[54,110444,110446],{"className":56,"code":110445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110447,110448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110449,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110451,8888],{"class":73},[63,110453,456],{"class":448},[63,110455,12709],{"class":452},[63,110457,456],{"class":448},[63,110459,102],{"class":73},[63,110461,449],{"class":448},[63,110463,12726],{"class":452},[63,110465,456],{"class":448},[63,110467,102],{"class":73},[63,110469,449],{"class":448},[63,110471,22144],{"class":452},[63,110473,456],{"class":448},[63,110475,8919],{"class":73},[20,110477,13026],{},[30,110479,110480,110485,110496],{},[33,110481,110482,110484],{},[15,110483,95950],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,110486,110487,3993,110489,110492,110493,110495],{},[15,110488,65012],{},[15,110490,110491],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110494,106619],{},", so they stay",[33,110497,110498,110500,110501,110503],{},[15,110499,109258],{}," is only in ",[15,110502,106566],{},", so it stays",[49,110505,110507,10197,110509],{"id":110506},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110508,109962],{},[15,110510,99871],{},[20,110512,110513],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110515,110516,2482],{},[15,110517,99871],{},[30,110519,110520,110523],{},[33,110521,110522],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,110524,110525],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110527,110528,2482],{},[15,110529,109962],{},[30,110531,110532,110535],{},[33,110533,110534],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,110536,110537],{},"removes shared items",[20,110539,1820],{},[54,110541,110543],{"className":56,"code":110542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110544,110545,110565,110585,110589,110610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110546,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110548,2157],{"class":382},[63,110550,386],{"class":270},[63,110552,10102],{"class":73},[63,110554,674],{"class":82},[63,110556,102],{"class":73},[63,110558,105],{"class":82},[63,110560,102],{"class":73},[63,110562,518],{"class":82},[63,110564,8919],{"class":73},[63,110566,110567,110569,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579,110581,110583],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,110568,2185],{"class":382},[63,110570,386],{"class":270},[63,110572,10102],{"class":73},[63,110574,715],{"class":82},[63,110576,102],{"class":73},[63,110578,2061],{"class":82},[63,110580,102],{"class":73},[63,110582,4206],{"class":82},[63,110584,8919],{"class":73},[63,110586,110587],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,110588,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,110590,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,110592,70],{"class":69},[63,110594,74],{"class":73},[63,110596,303],{"class":181},[63,110598,307],{"class":73},[63,110600,2413],{"class":181},[63,110602,74],{"class":73},[63,110604,4362],{"class":181},[63,110606,4964],{"class":73},[63,110608,110609],{"class":1357},"            # {1, 2}\n",[63,110611,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,110613,70],{"class":69},[63,110615,74],{"class":73},[63,110617,303],{"class":181},[63,110619,307],{"class":73},[63,110621,110052],{"class":181},[63,110623,74],{"class":73},[63,110625,4362],{"class":181},[63,110627,4964],{"class":73},[63,110629,110071],{"class":1357},[20,110631,18314],{},[30,110633,110634,110641],{},[33,110635,110636,110640],{},[303,110637,110638],{"href":102297},[15,110639,99871],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,110642,110643,110645],{},[15,110644,109962],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[49,110647,110649,10197,110651],{"id":110648},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110650,109962],{},[15,110652,102256],{},[20,110654,110655,110657],{},[15,110656,102256],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110659,110660,110662],{},[15,110661,109962],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110664,1820],{},[54,110666,110668],{"className":56,"code":110667,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110669,110670,110690,110710,110714,110736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110671,110672,110674,110676,110678,110680,110682,110684,110686,110688],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110673,2157],{"class":382},[63,110675,386],{"class":270},[63,110677,10102],{"class":73},[63,110679,674],{"class":82},[63,110681,102],{"class":73},[63,110683,105],{"class":82},[63,110685,102],{"class":73},[63,110687,518],{"class":82},[63,110689,8919],{"class":73},[63,110691,110692,110694,110696,110698,110700,110702,110704,110706,110708],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,110693,2185],{"class":382},[63,110695,386],{"class":270},[63,110697,10102],{"class":73},[63,110699,715],{"class":82},[63,110701,102],{"class":73},[63,110703,2061],{"class":82},[63,110705,102],{"class":73},[63,110707,4206],{"class":82},[63,110709,8919],{"class":73},[63,110711,110712],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,110713,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,110715,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110727,110729,110731,110733],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,110717,70],{"class":69},[63,110719,74],{"class":73},[63,110721,303],{"class":181},[63,110723,307],{"class":73},[63,110725,110726],{"class":181},"union",[63,110728,74],{"class":73},[63,110730,4362],{"class":181},[63,110732,4964],{"class":73},[63,110734,110735],{"class":1357},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[63,110737,110738,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,110739,70],{"class":69},[63,110741,74],{"class":73},[63,110743,303],{"class":181},[63,110745,307],{"class":73},[63,110747,110052],{"class":181},[63,110749,74],{"class":73},[63,110751,4362],{"class":181},[63,110753,4964],{"class":73},[63,110755,110071],{"class":1357},[20,110757,26841],{},[30,110759,110760,110765],{},[33,110761,110762,110764],{},[15,110763,102256],{}," includes everything",[33,110766,110767,110769],{},[15,110768,109962],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110771,18314],{},[30,110773,110774,110781],{},[33,110775,110776,110780],{},[303,110777,110778],{"href":107187},[15,110779,102256],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,110782,110783,110785],{},[15,110784,109962],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[49,110787,36237,110789,101055],{"id":110788},"using-the-operator",[15,110790,110791],{},"^",[20,110793,110794,110795,110797,110798,307],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110796,110791],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110799,109962],{},[20,110801,1820],{},[54,110803,110805],{"className":56,"code":110804,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110806,110807,110827,110847,110851,110869],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110808,110809,110811,110813,110815,110817,110819,110821,110823,110825],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110810,110158],{"class":382},[63,110812,386],{"class":270},[63,110814,10102],{"class":73},[63,110816,674],{"class":82},[63,110818,102],{"class":73},[63,110820,105],{"class":82},[63,110822,102],{"class":73},[63,110824,518],{"class":82},[63,110826,8919],{"class":73},[63,110828,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837,110839,110841,110843,110845],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,110830,110179],{"class":382},[63,110832,386],{"class":270},[63,110834,10102],{"class":73},[63,110836,715],{"class":82},[63,110838,102],{"class":73},[63,110840,2061],{"class":82},[63,110842,102],{"class":73},[63,110844,4206],{"class":82},[63,110846,8919],{"class":73},[63,110848,110849],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,110850,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,110852,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,110854,70],{"class":69},[63,110856,74],{"class":73},[63,110858,100042],{"class":181},[63,110860,307],{"class":73},[63,110862,110052],{"class":181},[63,110864,74],{"class":73},[63,110866,100051],{"class":181},[63,110868,86],{"class":73},[63,110870,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110882],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,110872,70],{"class":69},[63,110874,74],{"class":73},[63,110876,110158],{"class":181},[63,110878,110791],{"class":270},[63,110880,110881],{"class":181}," set2",[63,110883,397],{"class":73},[20,110885,29650],{},[54,110887,110889],{"className":56,"code":110888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110890,110891,110911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110892,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905,110907,110909],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110894,8888],{"class":73},[63,110896,674],{"class":82},[63,110898,102],{"class":73},[63,110900,105],{"class":82},[63,110902,102],{"class":73},[63,110904,2061],{"class":82},[63,110906,102],{"class":73},[63,110908,4206],{"class":82},[63,110910,8919],{"class":73},[63,110912,110913,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,110914,8888],{"class":73},[63,110916,674],{"class":82},[63,110918,102],{"class":73},[63,110920,105],{"class":82},[63,110922,102],{"class":73},[63,110924,2061],{"class":82},[63,110926,102],{"class":73},[63,110928,4206],{"class":82},[63,110930,8919],{"class":73},[20,110932,110933],{},"Both forms:",[30,110935,110936,110939],{},[33,110937,110938],{},"return a new set",[33,110940,110941],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110943,110944],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[49,110946,4119],{"id":4118},[20,110948,20831,110949,2482],{},[15,110950,109962],{},[30,110952,110953,110961,110971,110986],{},[33,110954,110955,110958,110960],{},[833,110956,110957],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9457,110959],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,110962,110963,110966,110968,110970],{},[833,110964,110965],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9457,110967],{},[15,110969,109962],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,110972,110973,110978,110980,110982,110983,110985],{},[833,110974,110975,110976],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110977,99871],{},[9457,110979],{},[15,110981,99871],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110984,109962],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,110987,110988,110991,110993],{},[833,110989,110990],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9457,110992],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110995,58480],{},[30,110997,110998,111007,111010,111013],{},[33,110999,50107,111000,44247,111002,111006],{},[15,111001,109962],{},[303,111003,111004],{"href":107187},[15,111005,102256],{}," is actually needed",[33,111008,111009],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111011,111012],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111014,111015],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111017,111018,111019,307],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[303,111020,98535],{"href":104800},[20,111022,61914],{},[54,111024,111026],{"className":56,"code":111025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111027,111028,111038,111048,111066,111080,111094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111029,111030,111032,111034,111036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111031,70],{"class":69},[63,111033,74],{"class":73},[63,111035,100042],{"class":181},[63,111037,397],{"class":73},[63,111039,111040,111042,111044,111046],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,111041,70],{"class":69},[63,111043,74],{"class":73},[63,111045,100051],{"class":181},[63,111047,397],{"class":73},[63,111049,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,111051,70],{"class":69},[63,111053,74],{"class":73},[63,111055,100042],{"class":181},[63,111057,307],{"class":73},[63,111059,110052],{"class":181},[63,111061,74],{"class":73},[63,111063,100051],{"class":181},[63,111065,86],{"class":73},[63,111067,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,111069,70],{"class":69},[63,111071,74],{"class":73},[63,111073,110158],{"class":181},[63,111075,110791],{"class":270},[63,111077,110881],{"class":181},[63,111079,397],{"class":73},[63,111081,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,111083,70],{"class":69},[63,111085,74],{"class":73},[63,111087,418],{"class":417},[63,111089,74],{"class":73},[63,111091,100042],{"class":181},[63,111093,86],{"class":73},[63,111095,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,111097,70],{"class":69},[63,111099,74],{"class":73},[63,111101,418],{"class":417},[63,111103,74],{"class":73},[63,111105,100051],{"class":181},[63,111107,86],{"class":73},[49,111109,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,111111,1459,111113,102196],{"id":111112},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111114,109962],{},[20,111116,102199],{},[1193,111118,4781,111120,3993,111122,1506],{"id":111119},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111121,109962],{},[15,111123,99871],{},[20,111125,111126,111128,111129,111131],{},[15,111127,99871],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111130,109962],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1193,111133,1499,111135,111137],{"id":111134},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111136,109962],{}," with lists?",[20,111139,111140],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111142,1820],{},[54,111144,111146],{"className":56,"code":111145,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111147,111148,111168,111188,111192,111219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111149,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111151,80276],{"class":382},[63,111153,386],{"class":270},[63,111155,3216],{"class":73},[63,111157,674],{"class":82},[63,111159,102],{"class":73},[63,111161,105],{"class":82},[63,111163,102],{"class":73},[63,111165,518],{"class":82},[63,111167,3229],{"class":73},[63,111169,111170,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,111171,80297],{"class":382},[63,111173,386],{"class":270},[63,111175,3216],{"class":73},[63,111177,715],{"class":82},[63,111179,102],{"class":73},[63,111181,2061],{"class":82},[63,111183,102],{"class":73},[63,111185,4206],{"class":82},[63,111187,3229],{"class":73},[63,111189,111190],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,111191,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,111193,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,111195,383],{"class":382},[63,111197,386],{"class":270},[63,111199,15252],{"class":417},[63,111201,74],{"class":73},[63,111203,111204],{"class":181},"list1",[63,111206,8240],{"class":73},[63,111208,110052],{"class":181},[63,111210,74],{"class":73},[63,111212,5890],{"class":417},[63,111214,74],{"class":73},[63,111216,80563],{"class":181},[63,111218,86],{"class":73},[63,111220,111221,111223,111225,111227],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,111222,70],{"class":69},[63,111224,74],{"class":73},[63,111226,406],{"class":181},[63,111228,397],{"class":73},[20,111230,110],{},[54,111232,111233],{"className":56,"code":110233,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,111234,111235],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111236,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111238,8888],{"class":73},[63,111240,674],{"class":82},[63,111242,102],{"class":73},[63,111244,105],{"class":82},[63,111246,102],{"class":73},[63,111248,2061],{"class":82},[63,111250,102],{"class":73},[63,111252,4206],{"class":82},[63,111254,8919],{"class":73},[1193,111256,111258],{"id":111257},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111260,111261],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[49,111263,1517],{"id":1516},[30,111265,111266,111270,111275,111281,111287],{},[33,111267,111268],{},[303,111269,95785],{"href":95784},[33,111271,111272],{},[303,111273,111274],{"href":95788},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111276,111277],{},[303,111278,96271,111279,10352],{"href":102297},[15,111280,99871],{},[33,111282,111283],{},[303,111284,96271,111285,10352],{"href":107187},[15,111286,102256],{},[33,111288,111289],{},[303,111290,99801],{"href":104800},[20,111292,111293,111294,1801,111296,16690,111298,111300],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111295,99871],{},[15,111297,102256],{},[15,111299,109962],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1542,111302,56859],{},{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":111304},[111305,111306,111308,111309,111310,111311,111313,111315,111317,111318,111327],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":110077,"depth":89,"text":111307},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":110258,"depth":89,"text":110259},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":110506,"depth":89,"text":111312},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110648,"depth":89,"text":111314},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110788,"depth":89,"text":111316},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":111319},[111320,111322,111324,111326],{"id":111112,"depth":254,"text":111321},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111119,"depth":254,"text":111323},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111134,"depth":254,"text":111325},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111257,"depth":254,"text":111258},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109954,"description":111328},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111335,"title":111336,"body":111337,"description":113400,"extension":1580,"meta":113401,"navigation":579,"path":107187,"seo":113402,"stem":113403,"__hash__":113404},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111338,"toc":113359},[111339,111344,111349,111352,111365,111367,111449,111454,111459,111463,111475,111478,111482,111484,111511,111513,111524,111527,111596,111598,111604,111607,111617,111619,111708,111713,111715,111722,111725,111727,111730,111850,111852,111921,111924,111941,111946,111949,112065,112067,112096,112099,112105,112110,112114,112195,112197,112225,112230,112234,112329,112331,112372,112376,112379,112446,112448,112489,112495,112510,112517,112524,112528,112534,112620,112624,112632,112703,112708,112715,112717,112723,112725,112790,112792,112808,112813,112816,112885,112889,112892,112951,112954,112958,113011,113024,113027,113080,113084,113086,113117,113120,113125,113178,113182,113185,113206,113218,113220,113273,113275,113280,113282,113288,113291,113297,113302,113306,113309,113317,113326,113328,113356],[10,111340,13,111342,10935],{"id":111341},"python-setunion-method",[15,111343,107500],{},[20,111345,111346,111348],{},[15,111347,107500],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111350,111351],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111353,111354,111357,111362],{},[33,111355,111356],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111358,2157,111359,111361],{},[833,111360,100226],{}," as the result",[33,111363,111364],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[49,111366,52],{"id":51},[54,111368,111370],{"className":56,"code":111369,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111371,111372,111392,111412,111416,111434,111444],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111373,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111375,110158],{"class":382},[63,111377,386],{"class":270},[63,111379,10102],{"class":73},[63,111381,674],{"class":82},[63,111383,102],{"class":73},[63,111385,105],{"class":82},[63,111387,102],{"class":73},[63,111389,518],{"class":82},[63,111391,8919],{"class":73},[63,111393,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,111395,110179],{"class":382},[63,111397,386],{"class":270},[63,111399,10102],{"class":73},[63,111401,715],{"class":82},[63,111403,102],{"class":73},[63,111405,2061],{"class":82},[63,111407,102],{"class":73},[63,111409,4206],{"class":82},[63,111411,8919],{"class":73},[63,111413,111414],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,111415,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,111417,111418,111420,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,111419,383],{"class":382},[63,111421,386],{"class":270},[63,111423,110208],{"class":382},[63,111425,307],{"class":73},[63,111427,110726],{"class":181},[63,111429,74],{"class":73},[63,111431,100051],{"class":181},[63,111433,397],{"class":73},[63,111435,111436,111438,111440,111442],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,111437,70],{"class":69},[63,111439,74],{"class":73},[63,111441,406],{"class":181},[63,111443,397],{"class":73},[63,111445,111446],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,111447,111448],{"class":1357},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111450,111451,111453],{},[15,111452,102256],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[49,111455,138,111457,141],{"id":111456},"what-setunion-does",[15,111458,107500],{},[20,111460,111461,2482],{},[15,111462,107500],{},[30,111464,111465,111468,111471,111473],{},[33,111466,111467],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,111469,111470],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,111472,110088],{},[33,111474,110097],{},[20,111476,111477],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111479,95781,111480,307],{},[303,111481,95785],{"href":96956},[49,111483,164],{"id":163},[54,111485,111487],{"className":56,"code":111486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111488,111489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111490,111491,111493,111495,111497,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111492,100042],{"class":382},[63,111494,307],{"class":73},[63,111496,110726],{"class":181},[63,111498,74],{"class":73},[63,111500,100051],{"class":181},[63,111502,102],{"class":73},[63,111504,100078],{"class":181},[63,111506,102],{"class":73},[63,111508,34077],{"class":69},[63,111510,397],{"class":73},[20,111512,12668],{},[30,111514,111515,111518,111521],{},[33,111516,111517],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,111519,111520],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,111522,111523],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111525,111526],{},"Example with two sets:",[54,111528,111530],{"className":56,"code":111529,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111531,111532,111548,111564,111568,111586],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111533,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111535,2157],{"class":382},[63,111537,386],{"class":270},[63,111539,10102],{"class":73},[63,111541,674],{"class":82},[63,111543,102],{"class":73},[63,111545,105],{"class":82},[63,111547,8919],{"class":73},[63,111549,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,111551,2185],{"class":382},[63,111553,386],{"class":270},[63,111555,10102],{"class":73},[63,111557,274],{"class":82},[63,111559,102],{"class":73},[63,111561,518],{"class":82},[63,111563,8919],{"class":73},[63,111565,111566],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,111567,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,111569,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,111571,383],{"class":382},[63,111573,386],{"class":270},[63,111575,56505],{"class":382},[63,111577,307],{"class":73},[63,111579,110726],{"class":181},[63,111581,74],{"class":73},[63,111583,4362],{"class":181},[63,111585,397],{"class":73},[63,111587,111588,111590,111592,111594],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,111589,70],{"class":69},[63,111591,74],{"class":73},[63,111593,406],{"class":181},[63,111595,397],{"class":73},[49,111597,21590],{"id":21589},[20,111599,111600,100223,111602,307],{},[15,111601,107500],{},[833,111603,100226],{},[20,111605,111606],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,111608,111609,111612],{},[33,111610,111611],{},"the original set",[33,111613,111614,111615],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111616,102256],{},[20,111618,1820],{},[54,111620,111622],{"className":56,"code":111621,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111623,111624,111640,111656,111660,111678,111682,111695],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111625,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634,111636,111638],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111627,2157],{"class":382},[63,111629,386],{"class":270},[63,111631,10102],{"class":73},[63,111633,674],{"class":82},[63,111635,102],{"class":73},[63,111637,105],{"class":82},[63,111639,8919],{"class":73},[63,111641,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650,111652,111654],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,111643,2185],{"class":382},[63,111645,386],{"class":270},[63,111647,10102],{"class":73},[63,111649,274],{"class":82},[63,111651,102],{"class":73},[63,111653,518],{"class":82},[63,111655,8919],{"class":73},[63,111657,111658],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,111659,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,111661,111662,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,111663,383],{"class":382},[63,111665,386],{"class":270},[63,111667,56505],{"class":382},[63,111669,307],{"class":73},[63,111671,110726],{"class":181},[63,111673,74],{"class":73},[63,111675,4362],{"class":181},[63,111677,397],{"class":73},[63,111679,111680],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,111681,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,111683,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,111685,70],{"class":69},[63,111687,74],{"class":73},[63,111689,406],{"class":181},[63,111691,3256],{"class":73},[63,111693,111694],{"class":1357},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[63,111696,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,111698,70],{"class":69},[63,111700,74],{"class":73},[63,111702,303],{"class":181},[63,111704,3256],{"class":73},[63,111706,111707],{"class":1357},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111709,1895,111710,111712],{},[15,111711,303],{}," did not change.",[20,111714,110330],{},[30,111716,111717,111719],{},[33,111718,110335],{},[33,111720,111721],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111723,111724],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[49,111726,11089],{"id":11088},[20,111728,111729],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[54,111731,111733],{"className":56,"code":111732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111734,111735,111768,111801,111805,111825,111829,111839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111736,111737,111740,111742,111744,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111738,111739],{"class":382},"fruits1 ",[63,111741,386],{"class":270},[63,111743,10102],{"class":73},[63,111745,2455],{"class":448},[63,111747,3677],{"class":452},[63,111749,2455],{"class":448},[63,111751,102],{"class":73},[63,111753,1375],{"class":448},[63,111755,3686],{"class":452},[63,111757,2455],{"class":448},[63,111759,102],{"class":73},[63,111761,1375],{"class":448},[63,111763,32843],{"class":452},[63,111765,2455],{"class":448},[63,111767,8919],{"class":73},[63,111769,111770,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,111771,111772],{"class":382},"fruits2 ",[63,111774,386],{"class":270},[63,111776,10102],{"class":73},[63,111778,2455],{"class":448},[63,111780,3686],{"class":452},[63,111782,2455],{"class":448},[63,111784,102],{"class":73},[63,111786,1375],{"class":448},[63,111788,22153],{"class":452},[63,111790,2455],{"class":448},[63,111792,102],{"class":73},[63,111794,1375],{"class":448},[63,111796,32843],{"class":452},[63,111798,2455],{"class":448},[63,111800,8919],{"class":73},[63,111802,111803],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,111804,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,111806,111807,111809,111811,111814,111816,111818,111820,111823],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,111808,383],{"class":382},[63,111810,386],{"class":270},[63,111812,111813],{"class":382}," fruits1",[63,111815,307],{"class":73},[63,111817,110726],{"class":181},[63,111819,74],{"class":73},[63,111821,111822],{"class":181},"fruits2",[63,111824,397],{"class":73},[63,111826,111827],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,111828,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,111830,111831,111833,111835,111837],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,111832,70],{"class":69},[63,111834,74],{"class":73},[63,111836,406],{"class":181},[63,111838,397],{"class":73},[63,111840,111841,111843,111845,111848],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,111842,70],{"class":69},[63,111844,74],{"class":73},[63,111846,111847],{"class":181},"fruits1",[63,111849,397],{"class":73},[20,111851,29650],{},[54,111853,111855],{"className":56,"code":111854,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111856,111857,111893],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111858,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111860,8888],{"class":73},[63,111862,456],{"class":448},[63,111864,3686],{"class":452},[63,111866,456],{"class":448},[63,111868,102],{"class":73},[63,111870,449],{"class":448},[63,111872,32843],{"class":452},[63,111874,456],{"class":448},[63,111876,102],{"class":73},[63,111878,449],{"class":448},[63,111880,3677],{"class":452},[63,111882,456],{"class":448},[63,111884,102],{"class":73},[63,111886,449],{"class":448},[63,111888,22153],{"class":452},[63,111890,456],{"class":448},[63,111892,8919],{"class":73},[63,111894,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915,111917,111919],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,111896,8888],{"class":73},[63,111898,456],{"class":448},[63,111900,3686],{"class":452},[63,111902,456],{"class":448},[63,111904,102],{"class":73},[63,111906,449],{"class":448},[63,111908,32843],{"class":452},[63,111910,456],{"class":448},[63,111912,102],{"class":73},[63,111914,449],{"class":448},[63,111916,3677],{"class":452},[63,111918,456],{"class":448},[63,111920,8919],{"class":73},[20,111922,111923],{},"What this shows:",[30,111925,111926,111933,111936],{},[33,111927,111928,3993,111930,111932],{},[15,111929,64894],{},[15,111931,65320],{}," appear in both sets",[33,111934,111935],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,111937,111938,111940],{},[15,111939,111847],{}," stays unchanged",[49,111942,311,111944,100615],{"id":111943},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111945,102256],{},[20,111947,111948],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[54,111950,111952],{"className":56,"code":111951,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111953,111954,111970,111986,112003,112020,112024,112051,112055],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111955,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111957,110158],{"class":382},[63,111959,386],{"class":270},[63,111961,10102],{"class":73},[63,111963,674],{"class":82},[63,111965,102],{"class":73},[63,111967,105],{"class":82},[63,111969,8919],{"class":73},[63,111971,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,111973,110179],{"class":382},[63,111975,386],{"class":270},[63,111977,10102],{"class":73},[63,111979,274],{"class":82},[63,111981,102],{"class":73},[63,111983,518],{"class":82},[63,111985,8919],{"class":73},[63,111987,111988,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,111989,111990],{"class":382},"set3 ",[63,111992,386],{"class":270},[63,111994,10102],{"class":73},[63,111996,715],{"class":82},[63,111998,102],{"class":73},[63,112000,2061],{"class":82},[63,112002,8919],{"class":73},[63,112004,112005,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112006,112007],{"class":382},"set4 ",[63,112009,386],{"class":270},[63,112011,10102],{"class":73},[63,112013,952],{"class":82},[63,112015,102],{"class":73},[63,112017,4206],{"class":82},[63,112019,8919],{"class":73},[63,112021,112022],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,112023,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112025,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112049],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,112027,383],{"class":382},[63,112029,386],{"class":270},[63,112031,110208],{"class":382},[63,112033,307],{"class":73},[63,112035,110726],{"class":181},[63,112037,74],{"class":73},[63,112039,100051],{"class":181},[63,112041,102],{"class":73},[63,112043,100078],{"class":181},[63,112045,102],{"class":73},[63,112047,112048],{"class":181}," set4",[63,112050,397],{"class":73},[63,112052,112053],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,112054,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112056,112057,112059,112061,112063],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,112058,70],{"class":69},[63,112060,74],{"class":73},[63,112062,406],{"class":181},[63,112064,397],{"class":73},[20,112066,29650],{},[54,112068,112070],{"className":56,"code":112069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112071,112072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112073,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090,112092,112094],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112075,8888],{"class":73},[63,112077,674],{"class":82},[63,112079,102],{"class":73},[63,112081,105],{"class":82},[63,112083,102],{"class":73},[63,112085,518],{"class":82},[63,112087,102],{"class":73},[63,112089,2061],{"class":82},[63,112091,102],{"class":73},[63,112093,4206],{"class":82},[63,112095,8919],{"class":73},[20,112097,112098],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[49,112100,311,112102,112104],{"id":112101},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112103,102256],{}," with other iterables",[20,112106,112107,112109],{},[15,112108,102256],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1193,112111,112113],{"id":112112},"with-a-list","With a list",[54,112115,112117],{"className":56,"code":112116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112118,112119,112139,112163,112167,112185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112120,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112122,3211],{"class":382},[63,112124,386],{"class":270},[63,112126,10102],{"class":73},[63,112128,674],{"class":82},[63,112130,102],{"class":73},[63,112132,105],{"class":82},[63,112134,102],{"class":73},[63,112136,518],{"class":82},[63,112138,8919],{"class":73},[63,112140,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112142,60666],{"class":382},[63,112144,386],{"class":270},[63,112146,3216],{"class":73},[63,112148,715],{"class":82},[63,112150,102],{"class":73},[63,112152,2061],{"class":82},[63,112154,102],{"class":73},[63,112156,4206],{"class":82},[63,112158,102],{"class":73},[63,112160,4206],{"class":82},[63,112162,3229],{"class":73},[63,112164,112165],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,112166,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112168,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112170,383],{"class":382},[63,112172,386],{"class":270},[63,112174,3862],{"class":382},[63,112176,307],{"class":73},[63,112178,110726],{"class":181},[63,112180,74],{"class":73},[63,112182,60695],{"class":181},[63,112184,397],{"class":73},[63,112186,112187,112189,112191,112193],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,112188,70],{"class":69},[63,112190,74],{"class":73},[63,112192,406],{"class":181},[63,112194,397],{"class":73},[20,112196,29650],{},[54,112198,112199],{"className":56,"code":112069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,112200,112201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112202,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112204,8888],{"class":73},[63,112206,674],{"class":82},[63,112208,102],{"class":73},[63,112210,105],{"class":82},[63,112212,102],{"class":73},[63,112214,518],{"class":82},[63,112216,102],{"class":73},[63,112218,2061],{"class":82},[63,112220,102],{"class":73},[63,112222,4206],{"class":82},[63,112224,8919],{"class":73},[20,112226,20597,112227,112229],{},[15,112228,1750],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1193,112231,112233],{"id":112232},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[54,112235,112237],{"className":56,"code":112236,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112238,112239,112263,112296,112300,112319],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112240,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112242,35714],{"class":382},[63,112244,386],{"class":270},[63,112246,10102],{"class":73},[63,112248,2455],{"class":448},[63,112250,303],{"class":452},[63,112252,2455],{"class":448},[63,112254,102],{"class":73},[63,112256,1375],{"class":448},[63,112258,4362],{"class":452},[63,112260,2455],{"class":448},[63,112262,8919],{"class":73},[63,112264,112265,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112266,112267],{"class":382},"more_letters ",[63,112269,386],{"class":270},[63,112271,8846],{"class":73},[63,112273,2455],{"class":448},[63,112275,4362],{"class":452},[63,112277,2455],{"class":448},[63,112279,102],{"class":73},[63,112281,1375],{"class":448},[63,112283,9350],{"class":452},[63,112285,2455],{"class":448},[63,112287,102],{"class":73},[63,112289,1375],{"class":448},[63,112291,18387],{"class":452},[63,112293,2455],{"class":448},[63,112295,397],{"class":73},[63,112297,112298],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,112299,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112301,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314,112317],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112303,383],{"class":382},[63,112305,386],{"class":270},[63,112307,69714],{"class":382},[63,112309,307],{"class":73},[63,112311,110726],{"class":181},[63,112313,74],{"class":73},[63,112315,112316],{"class":181},"more_letters",[63,112318,397],{"class":73},[63,112320,112321,112323,112325,112327],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,112322,70],{"class":69},[63,112324,74],{"class":73},[63,112326,406],{"class":181},[63,112328,397],{"class":73},[20,112330,29650],{},[54,112332,112334],{"className":56,"code":112333,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112335,112336],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112337,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112339,8888],{"class":73},[63,112341,456],{"class":448},[63,112343,303],{"class":452},[63,112345,456],{"class":448},[63,112347,102],{"class":73},[63,112349,449],{"class":448},[63,112351,4362],{"class":452},[63,112353,456],{"class":448},[63,112355,102],{"class":73},[63,112357,449],{"class":448},[63,112359,9350],{"class":452},[63,112361,456],{"class":448},[63,112363,102],{"class":73},[63,112365,449],{"class":448},[63,112367,18387],{"class":452},[63,112369,456],{"class":448},[63,112371,8919],{"class":73},[1193,112373,112375],{"id":112374},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112377,112378],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[54,112380,112382],{"className":56,"code":112381,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112383,112384,112409,112432,112436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112385,112386,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112387,112388],{"class":382},"chars ",[63,112390,386],{"class":270},[63,112392,10102],{"class":73},[63,112394,2455],{"class":448},[63,112396,303],{"class":452},[63,112398,2455],{"class":448},[63,112400,102],{"class":73},[63,112402,1375],{"class":448},[63,112404,4362],{"class":452},[63,112406,2455],{"class":448},[63,112408,8919],{"class":73},[63,112410,112411,112413,112415,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112412,383],{"class":382},[63,112414,386],{"class":270},[63,112416,112417],{"class":382}," chars",[63,112419,307],{"class":73},[63,112421,110726],{"class":181},[63,112423,74],{"class":73},[63,112425,2455],{"class":448},[63,112427,36672],{"class":452},[63,112429,2455],{"class":448},[63,112431,397],{"class":73},[63,112433,112434],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,112435,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112437,112438,112440,112442,112444],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112439,70],{"class":69},[63,112441,74],{"class":73},[63,112443,406],{"class":181},[63,112445,397],{"class":73},[20,112447,29650],{},[54,112449,112451],{"className":56,"code":112450,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112452,112453],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112454,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112456,8888],{"class":73},[63,112458,456],{"class":448},[63,112460,303],{"class":452},[63,112462,456],{"class":448},[63,112464,102],{"class":73},[63,112466,449],{"class":448},[63,112468,4362],{"class":452},[63,112470,456],{"class":448},[63,112472,102],{"class":73},[63,112474,449],{"class":448},[63,112476,9350],{"class":452},[63,112478,456],{"class":448},[63,112480,102],{"class":73},[63,112482,449],{"class":448},[63,112484,62906],{"class":452},[63,112486,456],{"class":448},[63,112488,8919],{"class":73},[20,112490,21809,112491,112494],{},[15,112492,112493],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,112496,112497,112501,112505],{},[33,112498,112499],{},[15,112500,66099],{},[33,112502,112503],{},[15,112504,17715],{},[33,112506,112507],{},[15,112508,112509],{},"\"t\"",[49,112511,112513,10197,112515],{"id":112512},"union-vs-update",[15,112514,102256],{},[15,112516,14572],{},[20,112518,112519,3993,112521,112523],{},[15,112520,102256],{},[15,112522,14572],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1193,112525,112526],{"id":110726},[15,112527,102256],{},[30,112529,112530,112532],{},[33,112531,110088],{},[33,112533,110097],{},[54,112535,112536],{"className":56,"code":111621,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,112537,112538,112554,112570,112574,112592,112596,112608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112539,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112541,2157],{"class":382},[63,112543,386],{"class":270},[63,112545,10102],{"class":73},[63,112547,674],{"class":82},[63,112549,102],{"class":73},[63,112551,105],{"class":82},[63,112553,8919],{"class":73},[63,112555,112556,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112557,2185],{"class":382},[63,112559,386],{"class":270},[63,112561,10102],{"class":73},[63,112563,274],{"class":82},[63,112565,102],{"class":73},[63,112567,518],{"class":82},[63,112569,8919],{"class":73},[63,112571,112572],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,112573,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112575,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112577,383],{"class":382},[63,112579,386],{"class":270},[63,112581,56505],{"class":382},[63,112583,307],{"class":73},[63,112585,110726],{"class":181},[63,112587,74],{"class":73},[63,112589,4362],{"class":181},[63,112591,397],{"class":73},[63,112593,112594],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,112595,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112597,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,112599,70],{"class":69},[63,112601,74],{"class":73},[63,112603,406],{"class":181},[63,112605,3256],{"class":73},[63,112607,111694],{"class":1357},[63,112609,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,112611,70],{"class":69},[63,112613,74],{"class":73},[63,112615,303],{"class":181},[63,112617,3256],{"class":73},[63,112619,111707],{"class":1357},[1193,112621,112622],{"id":30085},[15,112623,14572],{},[30,112625,112626,112629],{},[33,112627,112628],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,112630,112631],{},"does not create a separate result set",[54,112633,112635],{"className":56,"code":112634,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112636,112637,112653,112669,112673,112687,112691],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112638,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112640,2157],{"class":382},[63,112642,386],{"class":270},[63,112644,10102],{"class":73},[63,112646,674],{"class":82},[63,112648,102],{"class":73},[63,112650,105],{"class":82},[63,112652,8919],{"class":73},[63,112654,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665,112667],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112656,2185],{"class":382},[63,112658,386],{"class":270},[63,112660,10102],{"class":73},[63,112662,274],{"class":82},[63,112664,102],{"class":73},[63,112666,518],{"class":82},[63,112668,8919],{"class":73},[63,112670,112671],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,112672,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112674,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112676,303],{"class":382},[63,112678,307],{"class":73},[63,112680,30085],{"class":181},[63,112682,74],{"class":73},[63,112684,4362],{"class":181},[63,112686,397],{"class":73},[63,112688,112689],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,112690,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112692,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,112694,70],{"class":69},[63,112696,74],{"class":73},[63,112698,303],{"class":181},[63,112700,3256],{"class":73},[63,112702,111694],{"class":1357},[20,112704,128,112705,112707],{},[15,112706,102256],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112709,112710,112711,307],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[303,112712,13,112713,10352],{"href":97976},[15,112714,96771],{},[49,112716,4119],{"id":4118},[1193,112718,1196,112720,112722],{"id":112719},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112721,102256],{}," to change the original set",[20,112724,81445],{},[54,112726,112728],{"className":56,"code":112727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112729,112730,112746,112762,112766,112780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112731,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112733,2157],{"class":382},[63,112735,386],{"class":270},[63,112737,10102],{"class":73},[63,112739,674],{"class":82},[63,112741,102],{"class":73},[63,112743,105],{"class":82},[63,112745,8919],{"class":73},[63,112747,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112749,2185],{"class":382},[63,112751,386],{"class":270},[63,112753,10102],{"class":73},[63,112755,274],{"class":82},[63,112757,102],{"class":73},[63,112759,518],{"class":82},[63,112761,8919],{"class":73},[63,112763,112764],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,112765,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112767,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112769,303],{"class":382},[63,112771,307],{"class":73},[63,112773,110726],{"class":181},[63,112775,74],{"class":73},[63,112777,4362],{"class":181},[63,112779,397],{"class":73},[63,112781,112782,112784,112786,112788],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,112783,70],{"class":69},[63,112785,74],{"class":73},[63,112787,303],{"class":181},[63,112789,397],{"class":73},[20,112791,110],{},[54,112793,112794],{"className":56,"code":99964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,112795,112796],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112797,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112799,8888],{"class":73},[63,112801,674],{"class":82},[63,112803,102],{"class":73},[63,112805,105],{"class":82},[63,112807,8919],{"class":73},[20,112809,8104,112810,112812],{},[15,112811,102256],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112814,112815],{},"Fix it like this:",[54,112817,112819],{"className":56,"code":112818,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112820,112821,112837,112853,112857,112875],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112822,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112824,2157],{"class":382},[63,112826,386],{"class":270},[63,112828,10102],{"class":73},[63,112830,674],{"class":82},[63,112832,102],{"class":73},[63,112834,105],{"class":82},[63,112836,8919],{"class":73},[63,112838,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112840,2185],{"class":382},[63,112842,386],{"class":270},[63,112844,10102],{"class":73},[63,112846,274],{"class":82},[63,112848,102],{"class":73},[63,112850,518],{"class":82},[63,112852,8919],{"class":73},[63,112854,112855],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,112856,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112858,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112860,2157],{"class":382},[63,112862,386],{"class":270},[63,112864,56505],{"class":382},[63,112866,307],{"class":73},[63,112868,110726],{"class":181},[63,112870,74],{"class":73},[63,112872,4362],{"class":181},[63,112874,397],{"class":73},[63,112876,112877,112879,112881,112883],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,112878,70],{"class":69},[63,112880,74],{"class":73},[63,112882,303],{"class":181},[63,112884,397],{"class":73},[1193,112886,112888],{"id":112887},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112890,112891],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[54,112893,112895],{"className":56,"code":112894,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112896,112897,112913,112929,112933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112898,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112900,2157],{"class":382},[63,112902,386],{"class":270},[63,112904,10102],{"class":73},[63,112906,715],{"class":82},[63,112908,102],{"class":73},[63,112910,249],{"class":82},[63,112912,8919],{"class":73},[63,112914,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112916,2185],{"class":382},[63,112918,386],{"class":270},[63,112920,10102],{"class":73},[63,112922,274],{"class":82},[63,112924,102],{"class":73},[63,112926,2061],{"class":82},[63,112928,8919],{"class":73},[63,112930,112931],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,112932,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,112934,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,112936,70],{"class":69},[63,112938,74],{"class":73},[63,112940,303],{"class":181},[63,112942,307],{"class":73},[63,112944,110726],{"class":181},[63,112946,74],{"class":73},[63,112948,4362],{"class":181},[63,112950,86],{"class":73},[20,112952,112953],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1193,112955,112957],{"id":112956},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[54,112959,112961],{"className":56,"code":112960,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112962,112963,112979,113001],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112964,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112966,3668],{"class":382},[63,112968,386],{"class":270},[63,112970,10102],{"class":73},[63,112972,2455],{"class":448},[63,112974,57745],{"class":452},[63,112976,2455],{"class":448},[63,112978,8919],{"class":73},[63,112980,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,112982,383],{"class":382},[63,112984,386],{"class":270},[63,112986,5771],{"class":382},[63,112988,307],{"class":73},[63,112990,110726],{"class":181},[63,112992,74],{"class":73},[63,112994,2455],{"class":448},[63,112996,36672],{"class":452},[63,112998,2455],{"class":448},[63,113000,397],{"class":73},[63,113002,113003,113005,113007,113009],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113004,70],{"class":69},[63,113006,74],{"class":73},[63,113008,406],{"class":181},[63,113010,397],{"class":73},[20,113012,113013,113014,1801,113016,16690,113018,113020,113021,113023],{},"This adds ",[15,113015,66099],{},[15,113017,17715],{},[15,113019,112509],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113022,112493],{}," as one item.",[20,113025,113026],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[54,113028,113030],{"className":56,"code":113029,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113031,113032,113048,113070],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113033,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113035,3668],{"class":382},[63,113037,386],{"class":270},[63,113039,10102],{"class":73},[63,113041,2455],{"class":448},[63,113043,57745],{"class":452},[63,113045,2455],{"class":448},[63,113047,8919],{"class":73},[63,113049,113050,113052,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113051,383],{"class":382},[63,113053,386],{"class":270},[63,113055,5771],{"class":382},[63,113057,307],{"class":73},[63,113059,110726],{"class":181},[63,113061,2583],{"class":73},[63,113063,2455],{"class":448},[63,113065,36672],{"class":452},[63,113067,2455],{"class":448},[63,113069,191],{"class":73},[63,113071,113072,113074,113076,113078],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113073,70],{"class":69},[63,113075,74],{"class":73},[63,113077,406],{"class":181},[63,113079,397],{"class":73},[1193,113081,113083],{"id":113082},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113085,2437],{},[54,113087,113089],{"className":56,"code":113088,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113090,113091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113092,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113094,15247],{"class":382},[63,113096,386],{"class":270},[63,113098,10102],{"class":73},[63,113100,674],{"class":82},[63,113102,102],{"class":73},[63,113104,105],{"class":82},[63,113106,102],{"class":73},[63,113108,3216],{"class":73},[63,113110,715],{"class":82},[63,113112,102],{"class":73},[63,113114,2061],{"class":82},[63,113116,13323],{"class":73},[20,113118,113119],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113121,113122,113123,2482],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113124,102256],{},[54,113126,113128],{"className":56,"code":113127,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113129,113130,113146,113168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113131,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113133,15247],{"class":382},[63,113135,386],{"class":270},[63,113137,10102],{"class":73},[63,113139,674],{"class":82},[63,113141,102],{"class":73},[63,113143,105],{"class":82},[63,113145,8919],{"class":73},[63,113147,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113149,383],{"class":382},[63,113151,386],{"class":270},[63,113153,96381],{"class":382},[63,113155,307],{"class":73},[63,113157,110726],{"class":181},[63,113159,2583],{"class":73},[63,113161,715],{"class":82},[63,113163,102],{"class":73},[63,113165,2061],{"class":82},[63,113167,191],{"class":73},[63,113169,113170,113172,113174,113176],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113171,70],{"class":69},[63,113173,74],{"class":73},[63,113175,406],{"class":181},[63,113177,397],{"class":73},[49,113179,113181],{"id":113180},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113183,113184],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113186,113187,113193,113200,113203],{},[33,113188,113189,113190,113192],{},"call ",[15,113191,102256],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113194,113195,113196,8314,113198],{},"confuse ",[15,113197,102256],{},[15,113199,14572],{},[33,113201,113202],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113204,113205],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113207,113208,113209,3993,113213,307],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[303,113210,13,113211,10352],{"href":102245},[15,113212,106030],{},[303,113214,13,113216,10352],{"href":113215},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113217,99876],{},[20,113219,61914],{},[54,113221,113223],{"className":56,"code":113222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113224,113225,113235,113249,113259],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113226,113227,113229,113231,113233],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113228,70],{"class":69},[63,113230,74],{"class":73},[63,113232,15285],{"class":181},[63,113234,397],{"class":73},[63,113236,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113238,70],{"class":69},[63,113240,74],{"class":73},[63,113242,418],{"class":417},[63,113244,74],{"class":73},[63,113246,15285],{"class":181},[63,113248,86],{"class":73},[63,113250,113251,113253,113255,113257],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113252,70],{"class":69},[63,113254,74],{"class":73},[63,113256,406],{"class":181},[63,113258,397],{"class":73},[63,113260,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,113262,31774],{"class":69},[63,113264,74],{"class":73},[63,113266,5890],{"class":417},[63,113268,307],{"class":73},[63,113270,110726],{"class":24370},[63,113272,397],{"class":73},[49,113274,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,113276,1459,113278,102196],{"id":113277},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113279,107500],{},[20,113281,102199],{},[1193,113283,1482,113285,113287],{"id":113284},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113286,102256],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113289,113290],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1193,113292,1499,113294,113296],{"id":113293},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113295,102256],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113298,41769,113299,113301],{},[15,113300,102256],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1193,113303,113305],{"id":113304},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113307,113308],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1193,113310,4781,113312,3993,113314,1506],{"id":113311},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113313,102256],{},[15,113315,113316],{},"|",[20,113318,113319,113320,113322,113323,113325],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113321,113316],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113324,102256],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[49,113327,1517],{"id":1516},[30,113329,113330,113334,113340,113346,113352],{},[33,113331,113332],{},[303,113333,95785],{"href":96956},[33,113335,113336],{},[303,113337,13,113338,10352],{"href":97976},[15,113339,96771],{},[33,113341,113342],{},[303,113343,13,113344,10352],{"href":102245},[15,113345,106030],{},[33,113347,113348],{},[303,113349,13,113350,10352],{"href":113215},[15,113351,99876],{},[33,113353,113354],{},[303,113355,99801],{"href":98534},[1542,113357,113358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":113360},[113361,113362,113364,113365,113366,113367,113369,113375,113380,113387,113388,113399],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":111456,"depth":89,"text":113363},"What set.union() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":21589,"depth":89,"text":21590},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":111943,"depth":89,"text":113368},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112101,"depth":89,"text":113370,"children":113371},"Using union() with other iterables",[113372,113373,113374],{"id":112112,"depth":254,"text":112113},{"id":112232,"depth":254,"text":112233},{"id":112374,"depth":254,"text":112375},{"id":112512,"depth":89,"text":113376,"children":113377},"union() vs update()",[113378,113379],{"id":110726,"depth":254,"text":102256},{"id":30085,"depth":254,"text":14572},{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":113381},[113382,113384,113385,113386],{"id":112719,"depth":254,"text":113383},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112887,"depth":254,"text":112888},{"id":112956,"depth":254,"text":112957},{"id":113082,"depth":254,"text":113083},{"id":113180,"depth":89,"text":113181},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":113389},[113390,113392,113394,113396,113397],{"id":113277,"depth":254,"text":113391},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113284,"depth":254,"text":113393},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113293,"depth":254,"text":113395},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113304,"depth":254,"text":113305},{"id":113311,"depth":254,"text":113398},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111336,"description":113400},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113406,"title":113407,"body":113408,"description":115297,"extension":1580,"meta":115298,"navigation":579,"path":96270,"seo":115299,"stem":115300,"__hash__":115301},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113409,"toc":115263},[113410,113415,113420,113428,113430,113488,113493,113498,113502,113514,113517,113591,113596,113598,113600,113619,113621,113638,113641,113668,113670,113740,113744,113746,113752,113754,113815,113820,113822,113879,113883,113888,113953,113955,113975,113982,113986,113991,114076,114079,114086,114189,114193,114198,114256,114259,114270,114284,114291,114349,114356,114359,114369,114373,114431,114435,114501,114504,114562,114569,114576,114579,114583,114592,114661,114665,114671,114759,114769,114773,114777,114781,114784,114845,114850,114907,114911,114913,114948,114955,114957,115011,115018,115022,115025,115090,115099,115105,115162,115164,115169,115173,115177,115180,115187,115195,115199,115204,115208,115214,115216,115251,115260],[10,113411,95657,113413,10935],{"id":113412},"python-set-update-method",[15,113414,14572],{},[20,113416,113417,113419],{},[15,113418,96771],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113421,113422,113423,113427],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[303,113424,113425],{"href":97957},[15,113426,95665],{},", which adds only one item.",[49,113429,3201],{"id":3200},[54,113431,113433],{"className":56,"code":113432,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113434,113435,113451,113473,113483],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113438,3211],{"class":382},[63,113440,386],{"class":270},[63,113442,10102],{"class":73},[63,113444,674],{"class":82},[63,113446,102],{"class":73},[63,113448,105],{"class":82},[63,113450,8919],{"class":73},[63,113452,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113454,3243],{"class":382},[63,113456,307],{"class":73},[63,113458,30085],{"class":181},[63,113460,2583],{"class":73},[63,113462,274],{"class":82},[63,113464,102],{"class":73},[63,113466,518],{"class":82},[63,113468,102],{"class":73},[63,113470,2061],{"class":82},[63,113472,191],{"class":73},[63,113474,113475,113477,113479,113481],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113476,70],{"class":69},[63,113478,74],{"class":73},[63,113480,3243],{"class":181},[63,113482,397],{"class":73},[63,113484,113485],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,113486,113487],{"class":1357},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113489,128,113490,113492],{},[15,113491,14572],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[49,113494,138,113496,141],{"id":113495},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113497,96771],{},[20,113499,113500,2482],{},[15,113501,96771],{},[30,113503,113504,113507,113509,113512],{},[33,113505,113506],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,113508,95772],{},[33,113510,113511],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,113513,95775],{},[20,113515,113516],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[54,113518,113520],{"className":56,"code":113519,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113521,113522,113546,113572,113576,113586],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113523,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113525,12692],{"class":382},[63,113527,386],{"class":270},[63,113529,10102],{"class":73},[63,113531,2455],{"class":448},[63,113533,12709],{"class":452},[63,113535,2455],{"class":448},[63,113537,102],{"class":73},[63,113539,1375],{"class":448},[63,113541,12726],{"class":452},[63,113543,2455],{"class":448},[63,113545,8919],{"class":73},[63,113547,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113549,17121],{"class":382},[63,113551,307],{"class":73},[63,113553,30085],{"class":181},[63,113555,2583],{"class":73},[63,113557,2455],{"class":448},[63,113559,12726],{"class":452},[63,113561,2455],{"class":448},[63,113563,102],{"class":73},[63,113565,1375],{"class":448},[63,113567,17074],{"class":452},[63,113569,2455],{"class":448},[63,113571,191],{"class":73},[63,113573,113574],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113575,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,113577,113578,113580,113582,113584],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,113579,70],{"class":69},[63,113581,74],{"class":73},[63,113583,17121],{"class":181},[63,113585,397],{"class":73},[63,113587,113588],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,113589,113590],{"class":1357},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113592,20597,113593,113595],{},[15,113594,110491],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[49,113597,164],{"id":163},[20,113599,6823],{},[54,113601,113603],{"className":56,"code":113602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113604,113605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113606,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113608,15285],{"class":382},[63,113610,307],{"class":73},[63,113612,30085],{"class":181},[63,113614,74],{"class":73},[63,113616,3315],{"class":181},[63,113618,397],{"class":73},[20,113620,79821],{},[30,113622,113623,113626,113629,113632,113635],{},[33,113624,113625],{},"A list",[33,113627,113628],{},"A tuple",[33,113630,113631],{},"Another set",[33,113633,113634],{},"A string",[33,113636,113637],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113639,113640],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[54,113642,113644],{"className":56,"code":113643,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113645,113646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113647,113648,113650,113652,113654,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113649,15285],{"class":382},[63,113651,307],{"class":73},[63,113653,30085],{"class":181},[63,113655,74],{"class":73},[63,113657,303],{"class":181},[63,113659,102],{"class":73},[63,113661,2162],{"class":181},[63,113663,102],{"class":73},[63,113665,9292],{"class":181},[63,113667,397],{"class":73},[20,113669,1820],{},[54,113671,113673],{"className":56,"code":113672,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113674,113675,113687,113721,113725,113735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113676,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113678,3418],{"class":382},[63,113680,386],{"class":270},[63,113682,10102],{"class":73},[63,113684,674],{"class":82},[63,113686,8919],{"class":73},[63,113688,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113690,4961],{"class":382},[63,113692,307],{"class":73},[63,113694,30085],{"class":181},[63,113696,2583],{"class":73},[63,113698,274],{"class":82},[63,113700,102],{"class":73},[63,113702,518],{"class":82},[63,113704,17681],{"class":73},[63,113706,8846],{"class":73},[63,113708,952],{"class":82},[63,113710,102],{"class":73},[63,113712,4206],{"class":82},[63,113714,8843],{"class":73},[63,113716,10102],{"class":73},[63,113718,80212],{"class":82},[63,113720,30117],{"class":73},[63,113722,113723],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113724,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,113726,113727,113729,113731,113733],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,113728,70],{"class":69},[63,113730,74],{"class":73},[63,113732,4961],{"class":181},[63,113734,397],{"class":73},[63,113736,113737],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,113738,113739],{"class":1357},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113741,95781,113742,307],{},[303,113743,95789],{"href":97340},[49,113745,21590],{"id":21589},[20,113747,113748,2004,113750,307],{},[15,113749,96771],{},[15,113751,3373],{},[20,113753,11329],{},[54,113755,113757],{"className":56,"code":113756,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113758,113759,113775,113797,113801,113811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113760,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113762,3211],{"class":382},[63,113764,386],{"class":270},[63,113766,10102],{"class":73},[63,113768,674],{"class":82},[63,113770,102],{"class":73},[63,113772,105],{"class":82},[63,113774,8919],{"class":73},[63,113776,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113778,383],{"class":382},[63,113780,386],{"class":270},[63,113782,3862],{"class":382},[63,113784,307],{"class":73},[63,113786,30085],{"class":181},[63,113788,2583],{"class":73},[63,113790,715],{"class":82},[63,113792,102],{"class":73},[63,113794,2061],{"class":82},[63,113796,191],{"class":73},[63,113798,113799],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113800,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,113802,113803,113805,113807,113809],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,113804,70],{"class":69},[63,113806,74],{"class":73},[63,113808,406],{"class":181},[63,113810,397],{"class":73},[63,113812,113813],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,113814,61450],{"class":1357},[20,113816,113817,113818,307],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113819,406],{},[20,113821,18588],{},[54,113823,113825],{"className":56,"code":113824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113826,113827,113843,113861,113865,113875],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113828,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113830,3211],{"class":382},[63,113832,386],{"class":270},[63,113834,10102],{"class":73},[63,113836,674],{"class":82},[63,113838,102],{"class":73},[63,113840,105],{"class":82},[63,113842,8919],{"class":73},[63,113844,113845,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113846,3243],{"class":382},[63,113848,307],{"class":73},[63,113850,30085],{"class":181},[63,113852,2583],{"class":73},[63,113854,715],{"class":82},[63,113856,102],{"class":73},[63,113858,2061],{"class":82},[63,113860,191],{"class":73},[63,113862,113863],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113864,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,113866,113867,113869,113871,113873],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,113868,70],{"class":69},[63,113870,74],{"class":73},[63,113872,3243],{"class":181},[63,113874,397],{"class":73},[63,113876,113877],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,113878,113487],{"class":1357},[49,113880,113882],{"id":113881},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113884,113885,113886,307],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113887,14572],{},[54,113889,113891],{"className":56,"code":113890,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113892,113893,113909,113935,113939,113949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113894,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903,113905,113907],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113896,3211],{"class":382},[63,113898,386],{"class":270},[63,113900,10102],{"class":73},[63,113902,674],{"class":82},[63,113904,102],{"class":73},[63,113906,105],{"class":82},[63,113908,8919],{"class":73},[63,113910,113911,113913,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,113912,3243],{"class":382},[63,113914,307],{"class":73},[63,113916,30085],{"class":181},[63,113918,2583],{"class":73},[63,113920,274],{"class":82},[63,113922,102],{"class":73},[63,113924,518],{"class":82},[63,113926,102],{"class":73},[63,113928,2061],{"class":82},[63,113930,102],{"class":73},[63,113932,2061],{"class":82},[63,113934,191],{"class":73},[63,113936,113937],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,113938,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,113940,113941,113943,113945,113947],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,113942,70],{"class":69},[63,113944,74],{"class":73},[63,113946,3243],{"class":181},[63,113948,397],{"class":73},[63,113950,113951],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,113952,113487],{"class":1357},[20,113954,11298],{},[30,113956,113957,113962,113969],{},[33,113958,113959,113961],{},[15,113960,274],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,113963,113964,3993,113966,113968],{},[15,113965,715],{},[15,113967,952],{}," are added",[33,113970,113971,113972,113974],{},"The second ",[15,113973,952],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113976,113977,113978,113981],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[303,113979,113980],{"href":98534},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[49,113983,113985],{"id":113984},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113987,7369,113988,113990],{},[15,113989,14572],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[54,113992,113994],{"className":56,"code":113993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113995,113996,114017,114038,114042,114058,114062,114072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113997,113998,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113999,114000],{"class":382},"set_a ",[63,114002,386],{"class":270},[63,114004,10102],{"class":73},[63,114006,674],{"class":82},[63,114008,102],{"class":73},[63,114010,105],{"class":82},[63,114012,102],{"class":73},[63,114014,518],{"class":82},[63,114016,8919],{"class":73},[63,114018,114019,114022,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114020,114021],{"class":382},"set_b ",[63,114023,386],{"class":270},[63,114025,10102],{"class":73},[63,114027,715],{"class":82},[63,114029,102],{"class":73},[63,114031,2061],{"class":82},[63,114033,102],{"class":73},[63,114035,4206],{"class":82},[63,114037,8919],{"class":73},[63,114039,114040],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114041,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114043,114044,114047,114049,114051,114053,114056],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114045,114046],{"class":382},"set_a",[63,114048,307],{"class":73},[63,114050,30085],{"class":181},[63,114052,74],{"class":73},[63,114054,114055],{"class":181},"set_b",[63,114057,397],{"class":73},[63,114059,114060],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114061,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114063,114064,114066,114068,114070],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,114065,70],{"class":69},[63,114067,74],{"class":73},[63,114069,114046],{"class":181},[63,114071,397],{"class":73},[63,114073,114074],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,114075,111448],{"class":1357},[20,114077,114078],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114080,114081,114082,307],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[303,114083,114084],{"href":102253},[15,114085,107500],{},[54,114087,114089],{"className":56,"code":114088,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114090,114091,114111,114131,114135,114155,114159,114170,114174,114184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114092,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114094,114000],{"class":382},[63,114096,386],{"class":270},[63,114098,10102],{"class":73},[63,114100,674],{"class":82},[63,114102,102],{"class":73},[63,114104,105],{"class":82},[63,114106,102],{"class":73},[63,114108,518],{"class":82},[63,114110,8919],{"class":73},[63,114112,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114114,114021],{"class":382},[63,114116,386],{"class":270},[63,114118,10102],{"class":73},[63,114120,715],{"class":82},[63,114122,102],{"class":73},[63,114124,2061],{"class":82},[63,114126,102],{"class":73},[63,114128,4206],{"class":82},[63,114130,8919],{"class":73},[63,114132,114133],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114134,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114136,114137,114140,114142,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114138,114139],{"class":382},"combined ",[63,114141,386],{"class":270},[63,114143,114144],{"class":382}," set_a",[63,114146,307],{"class":73},[63,114148,110726],{"class":181},[63,114150,74],{"class":73},[63,114152,114055],{"class":181},[63,114154,397],{"class":73},[63,114156,114157],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114158,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114160,114161,114163,114165,114168],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,114162,70],{"class":69},[63,114164,74],{"class":73},[63,114166,114167],{"class":181},"combined",[63,114169,397],{"class":73},[63,114171,114172],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,114173,111448],{"class":1357},[63,114175,114176,114178,114180,114182],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,114177,70],{"class":69},[63,114179,74],{"class":73},[63,114181,114046],{"class":181},[63,114183,397],{"class":73},[63,114185,114186],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,114187,114188],{"class":1357},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,114190,114192],{"id":114191},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114194,64359,114195,114197],{},[15,114196,14572],{}," adds each character separately.",[54,114199,114201],{"className":56,"code":114200,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114202,114203,114219,114237,114241,114251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114204,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114206,35714],{"class":382},[63,114208,386],{"class":270},[63,114210,10102],{"class":73},[63,114212,2455],{"class":448},[63,114214,1786],{"class":452},[63,114216,2455],{"class":448},[63,114218,8919],{"class":73},[63,114220,114221,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114222,35767],{"class":382},[63,114224,307],{"class":73},[63,114226,30085],{"class":181},[63,114228,74],{"class":73},[63,114230,2455],{"class":448},[63,114232,36672],{"class":452},[63,114234,2455],{"class":448},[63,114236,397],{"class":73},[63,114238,114239],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114240,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114242,114243,114245,114247,114249],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114244,70],{"class":69},[63,114246,74],{"class":73},[63,114248,35767],{"class":181},[63,114250,397],{"class":73},[63,114252,114253],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114254,114255],{"class":1357},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114257,114258],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114260,114261,13671,114264,114266,114267,114269],{},[15,114262,114263],{},"update(\"cat\")",[833,114265,973],{}," add ",[15,114268,112493],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114271,114272,114276,114280],{},[33,114273,114274],{},[15,114275,66099],{},[33,114277,114278],{},[15,114279,17715],{},[33,114281,114282],{},[15,114283,112509],{},[20,114285,114286,114287,2482],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[303,114288,114289],{"href":97957},[15,114290,95665],{},[54,114292,114294],{"className":56,"code":114293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114295,114296,114312,114330,114334,114344],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114297,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114299,3668],{"class":382},[63,114301,386],{"class":270},[63,114303,10102],{"class":73},[63,114305,2455],{"class":448},[63,114307,57745],{"class":452},[63,114309,2455],{"class":448},[63,114311,8919],{"class":73},[63,114313,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114315,3712],{"class":382},[63,114317,307],{"class":73},[63,114319,81724],{"class":181},[63,114321,74],{"class":73},[63,114323,2455],{"class":448},[63,114325,36672],{"class":452},[63,114327,2455],{"class":448},[63,114329,397],{"class":73},[63,114331,114332],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114333,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114335,114336,114338,114340,114342],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114337,70],{"class":69},[63,114339,74],{"class":73},[63,114341,3712],{"class":181},[63,114343,397],{"class":73},[63,114345,114346],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114347,114348],{"class":1357},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[49,114350,114352,10197,114354],{"id":114351},"update-vs-add",[15,114353,14572],{},[15,114355,95660],{},[20,114357,114358],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114360,114361,114365],{},[33,114362,114363,96259],{},[15,114364,95660],{},[33,114366,114367,96264],{},[15,114368,14572],{},[20,114370,45658,114371,2482],{},[15,114372,95660],{},[54,114374,114376],{"className":56,"code":114375,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114377,114378,114394,114412,114416,114426],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114379,114380,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114381,35863],{"class":382},[63,114383,386],{"class":270},[63,114385,10102],{"class":73},[63,114387,2455],{"class":448},[63,114389,3677],{"class":452},[63,114391,2455],{"class":448},[63,114393,8919],{"class":73},[63,114395,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114397,35915],{"class":382},[63,114399,307],{"class":73},[63,114401,81724],{"class":181},[63,114403,74],{"class":73},[63,114405,2455],{"class":448},[63,114407,3686],{"class":452},[63,114409,2455],{"class":448},[63,114411,397],{"class":73},[63,114413,114414],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114415,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114417,114418,114420,114422,114424],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114419,70],{"class":69},[63,114421,74],{"class":73},[63,114423,35915],{"class":181},[63,114425,397],{"class":73},[63,114427,114428],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114429,114430],{"class":1357},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114432,45658,114433,2482],{},[15,114434,14572],{},[54,114436,114438],{"className":56,"code":114437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114439,114440,114456,114482,114486,114496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114441,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452,114454],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114443,35863],{"class":382},[63,114445,386],{"class":270},[63,114447,10102],{"class":73},[63,114449,2455],{"class":448},[63,114451,3677],{"class":452},[63,114453,2455],{"class":448},[63,114455,8919],{"class":73},[63,114457,114458,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114459,35915],{"class":382},[63,114461,307],{"class":73},[63,114463,30085],{"class":181},[63,114465,2583],{"class":73},[63,114467,2455],{"class":448},[63,114469,3686],{"class":452},[63,114471,2455],{"class":448},[63,114473,102],{"class":73},[63,114475,1375],{"class":448},[63,114477,32843],{"class":452},[63,114479,2455],{"class":448},[63,114481,191],{"class":73},[63,114483,114484],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114485,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114487,114488,114490,114492,114494],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114489,70],{"class":69},[63,114491,74],{"class":73},[63,114493,35915],{"class":181},[63,114495,397],{"class":73},[63,114497,114498],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114499,114500],{"class":1357},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114502,114503],{},"Important warning with strings:",[54,114505,114507],{"className":56,"code":114506,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114508,114509,114525,114543,114547,114557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114510,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114512,35863],{"class":382},[63,114514,386],{"class":270},[63,114516,10102],{"class":73},[63,114518,2455],{"class":448},[63,114520,3677],{"class":452},[63,114522,2455],{"class":448},[63,114524,8919],{"class":73},[63,114526,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114528,35915],{"class":382},[63,114530,307],{"class":73},[63,114532,30085],{"class":181},[63,114534,74],{"class":73},[63,114536,2455],{"class":448},[63,114538,37967],{"class":452},[63,114540,2455],{"class":448},[63,114542,397],{"class":73},[63,114544,114545],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114546,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114548,114549,114551,114553,114555],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114550,70],{"class":69},[63,114552,74],{"class":73},[63,114554,35915],{"class":181},[63,114556,397],{"class":73},[63,114558,114559],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114560,114561],{"class":1357},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114563,61725,114564,61798,114567,6235],{},[15,114565,114566],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114568,95660],{},[49,114570,114572,10197,114574],{"id":114571},"update-vs-union",[15,114573,14572],{},[15,114575,102256],{},[20,114577,114578],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1193,114580,114581],{"id":30085},[15,114582,14572],{},[30,114584,114585,114588],{},[33,114586,114587],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,114589,11037,114590],{},[15,114591,3373],{},[54,114593,114595],{"className":56,"code":114594,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114596,114597,114613,114629,114633,114647,114657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114598,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114600,2157],{"class":382},[63,114602,386],{"class":270},[63,114604,10102],{"class":73},[63,114606,674],{"class":82},[63,114608,102],{"class":73},[63,114610,105],{"class":82},[63,114612,8919],{"class":73},[63,114614,114615,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114616,2185],{"class":382},[63,114618,386],{"class":270},[63,114620,10102],{"class":73},[63,114622,274],{"class":82},[63,114624,102],{"class":73},[63,114626,518],{"class":82},[63,114628,8919],{"class":73},[63,114630,114631],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114632,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114634,114635,114637,114639,114641,114643,114645],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114636,303],{"class":382},[63,114638,307],{"class":73},[63,114640,30085],{"class":181},[63,114642,74],{"class":73},[63,114644,4362],{"class":181},[63,114646,397],{"class":73},[63,114648,114649,114651,114653,114655],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114650,70],{"class":69},[63,114652,74],{"class":73},[63,114654,303],{"class":181},[63,114656,397],{"class":73},[63,114658,114659],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,114660,114188],{"class":1357},[1193,114662,114663],{"id":110726},[15,114664,102256],{},[30,114666,114667,114669],{},[33,114668,100794],{},[33,114670,100797],{},[54,114672,114674],{"className":56,"code":114673,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114675,114676,114692,114708,114712,114730,114740,114744,114754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114677,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114679,2157],{"class":382},[63,114681,386],{"class":270},[63,114683,10102],{"class":73},[63,114685,674],{"class":82},[63,114687,102],{"class":73},[63,114689,105],{"class":82},[63,114691,8919],{"class":73},[63,114693,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114695,2185],{"class":382},[63,114697,386],{"class":270},[63,114699,10102],{"class":73},[63,114701,274],{"class":82},[63,114703,102],{"class":73},[63,114705,518],{"class":82},[63,114707,8919],{"class":73},[63,114709,114710],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114711,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114713,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114715,82804],{"class":382},[63,114717,386],{"class":270},[63,114719,56505],{"class":382},[63,114721,307],{"class":73},[63,114723,110726],{"class":181},[63,114725,74],{"class":73},[63,114727,4362],{"class":181},[63,114729,397],{"class":73},[63,114731,114732,114734,114736,114738],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114733,70],{"class":69},[63,114735,74],{"class":73},[63,114737,9350],{"class":181},[63,114739,397],{"class":73},[63,114741,114742],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,114743,114188],{"class":1357},[63,114745,114746,114748,114750,114752],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,114747,70],{"class":69},[63,114749,74],{"class":73},[63,114751,303],{"class":181},[63,114753,397],{"class":73},[63,114755,114756],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,114757,114758],{"class":1357},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114760,107142,114761,114763,114764,114768],{},[15,114762,14572],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[303,114765,114766],{"href":102253},[15,114767,102256],{}," when you want a new set.",[49,114770,114772],{"id":114771},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114774,10359,114775,307],{},[15,114776,96771],{},[1193,114778,114780],{"id":114779},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114782,114783],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[54,114785,114787],{"className":56,"code":114786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114788,114789,114805,114827,114831,114841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114790,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799,114801,114803],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114792,15247],{"class":382},[63,114794,386],{"class":270},[63,114796,10102],{"class":73},[63,114798,674],{"class":82},[63,114800,102],{"class":73},[63,114802,105],{"class":82},[63,114804,8919],{"class":73},[63,114806,114807,114809,114811,114813,114815,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114808,383],{"class":382},[63,114810,386],{"class":270},[63,114812,96381],{"class":382},[63,114814,307],{"class":73},[63,114816,30085],{"class":181},[63,114818,2583],{"class":73},[63,114820,715],{"class":82},[63,114822,102],{"class":73},[63,114824,2061],{"class":82},[63,114826,191],{"class":73},[63,114828,114829],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114830,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114832,114833,114835,114837,114839],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114834,70],{"class":69},[63,114836,74],{"class":73},[63,114838,406],{"class":181},[63,114840,397],{"class":73},[63,114842,114843],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114844,61450],{"class":1357},[20,114846,114847,114848,2482],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114849,14572],{},[54,114851,114853],{"className":56,"code":114852,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114854,114855,114871,114889,114893,114903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114856,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114858,15247],{"class":382},[63,114860,386],{"class":270},[63,114862,10102],{"class":73},[63,114864,674],{"class":82},[63,114866,102],{"class":73},[63,114868,105],{"class":82},[63,114870,8919],{"class":73},[63,114872,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885,114887],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114874,15285],{"class":382},[63,114876,307],{"class":73},[63,114878,30085],{"class":181},[63,114880,2583],{"class":73},[63,114882,715],{"class":82},[63,114884,102],{"class":73},[63,114886,2061],{"class":82},[63,114888,191],{"class":73},[63,114890,114891],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114892,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114894,114895,114897,114899,114901],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114896,70],{"class":69},[63,114898,74],{"class":73},[63,114900,15285],{"class":181},[63,114902,397],{"class":73},[63,114904,114905],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,114906,113487],{"class":1357},[1193,114908,114910],{"id":114909},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114912,2437],{},[54,114914,114916],{"className":56,"code":114915,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114917,114918,114934],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114919,114920,114922,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114921,15247],{"class":382},[63,114923,386],{"class":270},[63,114925,10102],{"class":73},[63,114927,674],{"class":82},[63,114929,102],{"class":73},[63,114931,105],{"class":82},[63,114933,8919],{"class":73},[63,114935,114936,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114937,15285],{"class":382},[63,114939,307],{"class":73},[63,114941,30085],{"class":181},[63,114943,74],{"class":73},[63,114945,1750],{"class":82},[63,114947,397],{"class":73},[20,114949,61904,114950,8210,114952,114954],{},[15,114951,2602],{},[15,114953,1750],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114956,6158],{},[54,114958,114960],{"className":56,"code":114959,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114961,114962,114978,114992,114996,115006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114963,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972,114974,114976],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114965,15247],{"class":382},[63,114967,386],{"class":270},[63,114969,10102],{"class":73},[63,114971,674],{"class":82},[63,114973,102],{"class":73},[63,114975,105],{"class":82},[63,114977,8919],{"class":73},[63,114979,114980,114982,114984,114986,114988,114990],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,114981,15285],{"class":382},[63,114983,307],{"class":73},[63,114985,30085],{"class":181},[63,114987,2583],{"class":73},[63,114989,1750],{"class":82},[63,114991,191],{"class":73},[63,114993,114994],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,114995,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,114997,114998,115000,115002,115004],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,114999,70],{"class":69},[63,115001,74],{"class":73},[63,115003,15285],{"class":181},[63,115005,397],{"class":73},[63,115007,115008],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,115009,115010],{"class":1357},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115012,45531,115013,307],{},[303,115014,25299,115015],{"href":52216},[15,115016,115017],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1193,115019,115021],{"id":115020},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115023,115024],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[54,115026,115028],{"className":56,"code":115027,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115029,115030,115046,115072,115076,115086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115031,115032,115034,115036,115038,115040,115042,115044],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115033,15247],{"class":382},[63,115035,386],{"class":270},[63,115037,10102],{"class":73},[63,115039,674],{"class":82},[63,115041,102],{"class":73},[63,115043,105],{"class":82},[63,115045,8919],{"class":73},[63,115047,115048,115050,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068,115070],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,115049,15285],{"class":382},[63,115051,307],{"class":73},[63,115053,30085],{"class":181},[63,115055,2583],{"class":73},[63,115057,274],{"class":82},[63,115059,102],{"class":73},[63,115061,105],{"class":82},[63,115063,102],{"class":73},[63,115065,105],{"class":82},[63,115067,102],{"class":73},[63,115069,518],{"class":82},[63,115071,191],{"class":73},[63,115073,115074],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,115075,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115077,115078,115080,115082,115084],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,115079,70],{"class":69},[63,115081,74],{"class":73},[63,115083,15285],{"class":181},[63,115085,397],{"class":73},[63,115087,115088],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,115089,114188],{"class":1357},[1193,115091,115093,115094,44247,115096,115098],{"id":115092},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115095,14572],{},[15,115097,95660],{}," is better",[20,115100,115101,115102,115104],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115103,95660],{}," is usually the better choice.",[54,115106,115108],{"className":56,"code":115107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115109,115110,115126,115144,115148,115158],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115111,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122,115124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115113,15247],{"class":382},[63,115115,386],{"class":270},[63,115117,10102],{"class":73},[63,115119,2455],{"class":448},[63,115121,57745],{"class":452},[63,115123,2455],{"class":448},[63,115125,8919],{"class":73},[63,115127,115128,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138,115140,115142],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,115129,15285],{"class":382},[63,115131,307],{"class":73},[63,115133,81724],{"class":181},[63,115135,74],{"class":73},[63,115137,2455],{"class":448},[63,115139,36672],{"class":452},[63,115141,2455],{"class":448},[63,115143,397],{"class":73},[63,115145,115146],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,115147,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115149,115150,115152,115154,115156],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,115151,70],{"class":69},[63,115153,74],{"class":73},[63,115155,15285],{"class":181},[63,115157,397],{"class":73},[63,115159,115160],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,115161,114348],{"class":1357},[49,115163,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,115165,1459,115167,96750],{"id":115166},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115168,96771],{},[20,115170,96753,115171,307],{},[15,115172,3373],{},[1193,115174,1499,115175,31848],{"id":31845},[15,115176,14572],{},[20,115178,115179],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1193,115181,4781,115183,3993,115185,1506],{"id":115182},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115184,95660],{},[15,115186,14572],{},[20,115188,115189,115191,115192,115194],{},[15,115190,95660],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115193,14572],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1193,115196,115198],{"id":115197},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115200,115201,115202,114197],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115203,14572],{},[1193,115205,115207],{"id":115206},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115209,128,115210,10704,115212,307],{},[15,115211,102256],{},[15,115213,14572],{},[49,115215,1517],{"id":1516},[30,115217,115218,115225,115232,115238,115244],{},[33,115219,115220],{},[303,115221,115222],{"href":97957},[15,115223,115224],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115226,115227],{},[303,115228,115229],{"href":102253},[15,115230,115231],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115233,115234],{},[303,115235,115236],{"href":97340},[15,115237,96795],{},[33,115239,115240],{},[303,115241,115242],{"href":98534},[15,115243,99801],{},[33,115245,115246],{},[303,115247,115248,115250],{"href":52216},[15,115249,115017],{}," fix",[20,115252,115253,115254,115256,115257,115259],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115255,95665],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115258,107500],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1542,115261,115262],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":115264},[115265,115266,115268,115269,115270,115271,115272,115273,115275,115280,115287,115296],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":113495,"depth":89,"text":115267},"What set.update() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":21589,"depth":89,"text":21590},{"id":113881,"depth":89,"text":113882},{"id":113984,"depth":89,"text":113985},{"id":114191,"depth":89,"text":114192},{"id":114351,"depth":89,"text":115274},"update() vs add()",{"id":114571,"depth":89,"text":115276,"children":115277},"update() vs union()",[115278,115279],{"id":30085,"depth":254,"text":14572},{"id":110726,"depth":254,"text":102256},{"id":114771,"depth":89,"text":114772,"children":115281},[115282,115283,115284,115285],{"id":114779,"depth":254,"text":114780},{"id":114909,"depth":254,"text":114910},{"id":115020,"depth":254,"text":115021},{"id":115092,"depth":254,"text":115286},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":115288},[115289,115291,115292,115294,115295],{"id":115166,"depth":254,"text":115290},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31845,"depth":254,"text":31918},{"id":115182,"depth":254,"text":115293},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115197,"depth":254,"text":115198},{"id":115206,"depth":254,"text":115207},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113407,"description":115297},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115303,"title":115304,"body":115305,"description":117071,"extension":1580,"meta":117072,"navigation":579,"path":13407,"seo":117073,"stem":117074,"__hash__":117075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115306,"toc":117046},[115307,115310,115313,115316,115327,115335,115338,115340,115489,115501,115505,115522,115526,115534,115536,115547,115549,115646,115652,115655,115751,115760,115765,115769,115774,115776,115786,115788,115897,115905,115909,115912,115915,115932,115938,116018,116021,116025,116028,116032,116035,116094,116097,116101,116104,116196,116200,116203,116310,116314,116320,116348,116350,116432,116442,116446,116449,116460,116463,116548,116551,116556,116560,116563,116574,116577,116719,116722,116726,116729,116743,116746,116807,116813,116815,116818,116840,116843,116943,116946,116978,116980,116984,116987,116989,116992,116996,116999,117003,117006,117010,117013,117015,117043],[10,115308,115304],{"id":115309},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115311,115312],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115314,115315],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115317,115318,115321,115324],{},[33,115319,115320],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115322,115323],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115325,115326],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115328,99723,115329,3993,115331,115334],{},[833,115330,12466],{},[833,115332,115333],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115336,115337],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[49,115339,52],{"id":51},[54,115341,115343],{"className":56,"code":115342,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115344,115345,115352,115356,115382,115402,115422,115426,115444,115448,115461,115475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115346,115347,115349],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115348,34713],{"class":3473},[63,115350,115351],{"class":382}," copy\n",[63,115353,115354],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,115355,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115357,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,115359,11701],{"class":382},[63,115361,386],{"class":270},[63,115363,55911],{"class":73},[63,115365,674],{"class":82},[63,115367,102],{"class":73},[63,115369,105],{"class":82},[63,115371,17681],{"class":73},[63,115373,3216],{"class":73},[63,115375,715],{"class":82},[63,115377,102],{"class":73},[63,115379,2061],{"class":82},[63,115381,52859],{"class":73},[63,115383,115384,115387,115389,115392,115394,115396,115398,115400],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,115385,115386],{"class":382},"shallow ",[63,115388,386],{"class":270},[63,115390,115391],{"class":382}," copy",[63,115393,307],{"class":73},[63,115395,12527],{"class":181},[63,115397,74],{"class":73},[63,115399,11748],{"class":181},[63,115401,397],{"class":73},[63,115403,115404,115407,115409,115411,115413,115416,115418,115420],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,115405,115406],{"class":382},"deep ",[63,115408,386],{"class":270},[63,115410,115391],{"class":382},[63,115412,307],{"class":73},[63,115414,115415],{"class":181},"deepcopy",[63,115417,74],{"class":73},[63,115419,11748],{"class":181},[63,115421,397],{"class":73},[63,115423,115424],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,115425,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115427,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,115429,11748],{"class":382},[63,115431,3497],{"class":73},[63,115433,1734],{"class":82},[63,115435,13167],{"class":73},[63,115437,13170],{"class":181},[63,115439,74],{"class":73},[63,115441,55964],{"class":82},[63,115443,397],{"class":73},[63,115445,115446],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,115447,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115449,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,115451,70],{"class":69},[63,115453,74],{"class":73},[63,115455,11748],{"class":181},[63,115457,3256],{"class":73},[63,115459,115460],{"class":1357},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[63,115462,115463,115465,115467,115470,115472],{"class":65,"line":6040},[63,115464,70],{"class":69},[63,115466,74],{"class":73},[63,115468,115469],{"class":181},"shallow",[63,115471,3256],{"class":73},[63,115473,115474],{"class":1357},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[63,115476,115477,115479,115481,115484,115486],{"class":65,"line":11209},[63,115478,70],{"class":69},[63,115480,74],{"class":73},[63,115482,115483],{"class":181},"deep",[63,115485,3256],{"class":73},[63,115487,115488],{"class":1357},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115490,128,115491,115494,115495,3993,115497,115500],{},[15,115492,115493],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[833,115496,12466],{},[15,115498,115499],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[49,115502,115504],{"id":115503},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,115506,115507,115510,115513,115516,115519],{},[33,115508,115509],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,115511,115512],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,115514,115515],{},"How deep copy works",[33,115517,115518],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,115520,115521],{},"When to use each approach",[49,115523,115525],{"id":115524},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115527,14807,115528,115530,115531,115533],{},[833,115529,12466],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[833,115532,973],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115535,1721],{},[30,115537,115538,115541,115544],{},[33,115539,115540],{},"the outer container is new",[33,115542,115543],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,115545,115546],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115548,1820],{},[54,115550,115552],{"className":56,"code":115551,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115553,115554,115580,115594,115598,115616,115620,115633],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115555,115556,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566,115568,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115557,11701],{"class":382},[63,115559,386],{"class":270},[63,115561,55911],{"class":73},[63,115563,674],{"class":82},[63,115565,102],{"class":73},[63,115567,105],{"class":82},[63,115569,17681],{"class":73},[63,115571,3216],{"class":73},[63,115573,715],{"class":82},[63,115575,102],{"class":73},[63,115577,2061],{"class":82},[63,115579,52859],{"class":73},[63,115581,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,115583,13929],{"class":382},[63,115585,386],{"class":270},[63,115587,11776],{"class":382},[63,115589,307],{"class":73},[63,115591,12527],{"class":181},[63,115593,8252],{"class":73},[63,115595,115596],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,115597,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115599,115600,115602,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,115601,13948],{"class":382},[63,115603,307],{"class":73},[63,115605,13170],{"class":181},[63,115607,2583],{"class":73},[63,115609,1750],{"class":82},[63,115611,102],{"class":73},[63,115613,37269],{"class":82},[63,115615,191],{"class":73},[63,115617,115618],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,115619,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115621,115622,115624,115626,115628,115630],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,115623,70],{"class":69},[63,115625,74],{"class":73},[63,115627,11748],{"class":181},[63,115629,3256],{"class":73},[63,115631,115632],{"class":1357},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[63,115634,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,115636,70],{"class":69},[63,115638,74],{"class":73},[63,115640,13948],{"class":181},[63,115642,3256],{"class":73},[63,115644,115645],{"class":1357},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115647,115648,115649,115651],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115650,13948],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115653,115654],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[54,115656,115658],{"className":56,"code":115657,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115659,115660,115686,115700,115704,115722,115726,115738],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115661,115662,115664,115666,115668,115670,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682,115684],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115663,11701],{"class":382},[63,115665,386],{"class":270},[63,115667,55911],{"class":73},[63,115669,674],{"class":82},[63,115671,102],{"class":73},[63,115673,105],{"class":82},[63,115675,17681],{"class":73},[63,115677,3216],{"class":73},[63,115679,715],{"class":82},[63,115681,102],{"class":73},[63,115683,2061],{"class":82},[63,115685,52859],{"class":73},[63,115687,115688,115690,115692,115694,115696,115698],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,115689,13929],{"class":382},[63,115691,386],{"class":270},[63,115693,11776],{"class":382},[63,115695,307],{"class":73},[63,115697,12527],{"class":181},[63,115699,8252],{"class":73},[63,115701,115702],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,115703,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115705,115706,115708,115710,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,115707,13948],{"class":382},[63,115709,3497],{"class":73},[63,115711,1734],{"class":82},[63,115713,13167],{"class":73},[63,115715,13170],{"class":181},[63,115717,74],{"class":73},[63,115719,55964],{"class":82},[63,115721,397],{"class":73},[63,115723,115724],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,115725,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115727,115728,115730,115732,115734,115736],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,115729,70],{"class":69},[63,115731,74],{"class":73},[63,115733,11748],{"class":181},[63,115735,3256],{"class":73},[63,115737,115460],{"class":1357},[63,115739,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,115741,70],{"class":69},[63,115743,74],{"class":73},[63,115745,13948],{"class":181},[63,115747,3256],{"class":73},[63,115749,115750],{"class":1357},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115752,115753,115754,3993,115756,115759],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115755,56068],{},[15,115757,115758],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115761,115762,115763,307],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[303,115764,43553],{"href":11680},[49,115766,115768],{"id":115767},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115770,14807,115771,115773],{},[833,115772,115333],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115775,1721],{},[30,115777,115778,115780,115783],{},[33,115779,115540],{},[33,115781,115782],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,115784,115785],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115787,1820],{},[54,115789,115791],{"className":56,"code":115790,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115792,115793,115799,115803,115829,115847,115851,115869,115873,115885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115794,115795,115797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115796,34713],{"class":3473},[63,115798,115351],{"class":382},[63,115800,115801],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,115802,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115804,115805,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,115806,11701],{"class":382},[63,115808,386],{"class":270},[63,115810,55911],{"class":73},[63,115812,674],{"class":82},[63,115814,102],{"class":73},[63,115816,105],{"class":82},[63,115818,17681],{"class":73},[63,115820,3216],{"class":73},[63,115822,715],{"class":82},[63,115824,102],{"class":73},[63,115826,2061],{"class":82},[63,115828,52859],{"class":73},[63,115830,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,115832,13929],{"class":382},[63,115834,386],{"class":270},[63,115836,115391],{"class":382},[63,115838,307],{"class":73},[63,115840,115415],{"class":181},[63,115842,74],{"class":73},[63,115844,11748],{"class":181},[63,115846,397],{"class":73},[63,115848,115849],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,115850,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115852,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861,115863,115865,115867],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,115854,13948],{"class":382},[63,115856,3497],{"class":73},[63,115858,1734],{"class":82},[63,115860,13167],{"class":73},[63,115862,13170],{"class":181},[63,115864,74],{"class":73},[63,115866,55964],{"class":82},[63,115868,397],{"class":73},[63,115870,115871],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,115872,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115874,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,115876,70],{"class":69},[63,115878,74],{"class":73},[63,115880,11748],{"class":181},[63,115882,3256],{"class":73},[63,115884,115632],{"class":1357},[63,115886,115887,115889,115891,115893,115895],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,115888,70],{"class":69},[63,115890,74],{"class":73},[63,115892,13948],{"class":181},[63,115894,3256],{"class":73},[63,115896,115750],{"class":1357},[20,115898,115899,115900,115902,115903,307],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115901,115758],{}," does not change ",[15,115904,56068],{},[49,115906,115908],{"id":115907},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115910,115911],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115913,115914],{},"Common reasons:",[30,115916,115917,115920,115923,115929],{},[33,115918,115919],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,115921,115922],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,115924,115925,115926,115928],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115927,386],{}," does not make a copy",[33,115930,115931],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115933,115934,115935,115937],{},"For example, this does ",[833,115936,973],{}," create a copy:",[54,115939,115941],{"className":56,"code":115940,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115942,115943,115963,115971,115975,115989,115993,116005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115944,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959,115961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115946,11701],{"class":382},[63,115948,386],{"class":270},[63,115950,3216],{"class":73},[63,115952,674],{"class":82},[63,115954,102],{"class":73},[63,115956,105],{"class":82},[63,115958,102],{"class":73},[63,115960,518],{"class":82},[63,115962,3229],{"class":73},[63,115964,115965,115967,115969],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,115966,13929],{"class":382},[63,115968,386],{"class":270},[63,115970,11739],{"class":382},[63,115972,115973],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,115974,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115976,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,115978,13948],{"class":382},[63,115980,307],{"class":73},[63,115982,13170],{"class":181},[63,115984,74],{"class":73},[63,115986,952],{"class":82},[63,115988,397],{"class":73},[63,115990,115991],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,115992,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,115994,115995,115997,115999,116001,116003],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,115996,70],{"class":69},[63,115998,74],{"class":73},[63,116000,11748],{"class":181},[63,116002,3256],{"class":73},[63,116004,55318],{"class":1357},[63,116006,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,116008,70],{"class":69},[63,116010,74],{"class":73},[63,116012,13948],{"class":181},[63,116014,3256],{"class":73},[63,116016,116017],{"class":1357},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116019,116020],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[49,116022,116024],{"id":116023},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116026,116027],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1193,116029,116031],{"id":116030},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116033,116034],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[54,116036,116038],{"className":56,"code":116037,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116039,116040,116066,116074,116078],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116041,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116043,11701],{"class":382},[63,116045,386],{"class":270},[63,116047,55911],{"class":73},[63,116049,674],{"class":82},[63,116051,102],{"class":73},[63,116053,105],{"class":82},[63,116055,17681],{"class":73},[63,116057,3216],{"class":73},[63,116059,715],{"class":82},[63,116061,102],{"class":73},[63,116063,2061],{"class":82},[63,116065,52859],{"class":73},[63,116067,116068,116070,116072],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,116069,13720],{"class":382},[63,116071,386],{"class":270},[63,116073,11739],{"class":382},[63,116075,116076],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,116077,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116079,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,116081,70],{"class":69},[63,116083,74],{"class":73},[63,116085,11701],{"class":181},[63,116087,11809],{"class":3473},[63,116089,13788],{"class":181},[63,116091,3256],{"class":73},[63,116093,3259],{"class":1357},[20,116095,116096],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1193,116098,116100],{"id":116099},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116102,116103],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[54,116105,116107],{"className":56,"code":116106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116108,116109,116135,116149,116153,116170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116110,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116112,11701],{"class":382},[63,116114,386],{"class":270},[63,116116,55911],{"class":73},[63,116118,674],{"class":82},[63,116120,102],{"class":73},[63,116122,105],{"class":82},[63,116124,17681],{"class":73},[63,116126,3216],{"class":73},[63,116128,715],{"class":82},[63,116130,102],{"class":73},[63,116132,2061],{"class":82},[63,116134,52859],{"class":73},[63,116136,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,116138,115386],{"class":382},[63,116140,386],{"class":270},[63,116142,11776],{"class":382},[63,116144,307],{"class":73},[63,116146,12527],{"class":181},[63,116148,8252],{"class":73},[63,116150,116151],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,116152,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116154,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163,116166,116168],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,116156,70],{"class":69},[63,116158,74],{"class":73},[63,116160,11701],{"class":181},[63,116162,11809],{"class":3473},[63,116164,116165],{"class":181}," shallow",[63,116167,3256],{"class":73},[63,116169,20820],{"class":1357},[63,116171,116172,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188,116190,116192,116194],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,116173,70],{"class":69},[63,116175,74],{"class":73},[63,116177,11748],{"class":181},[63,116179,3497],{"class":73},[63,116181,1734],{"class":82},[63,116183,12890],{"class":73},[63,116185,7705],{"class":3473},[63,116187,116165],{"class":181},[63,116189,3497],{"class":73},[63,116191,1734],{"class":82},[63,116193,20065],{"class":73},[63,116195,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,116197,116199],{"id":116198},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116201,116202],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[54,116204,116206],{"className":56,"code":116205,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116207,116208,116214,116218,116244,116262,116266,116284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116209,116210,116212],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116211,34713],{"class":3473},[63,116213,115351],{"class":382},[63,116215,116216],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,116217,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116219,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,116221,11701],{"class":382},[63,116223,386],{"class":270},[63,116225,55911],{"class":73},[63,116227,674],{"class":82},[63,116229,102],{"class":73},[63,116231,105],{"class":82},[63,116233,17681],{"class":73},[63,116235,3216],{"class":73},[63,116237,715],{"class":82},[63,116239,102],{"class":73},[63,116241,2061],{"class":82},[63,116243,52859],{"class":73},[63,116245,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,116247,115406],{"class":382},[63,116249,386],{"class":270},[63,116251,115391],{"class":382},[63,116253,307],{"class":73},[63,116255,115415],{"class":181},[63,116257,74],{"class":73},[63,116259,11748],{"class":181},[63,116261,397],{"class":73},[63,116263,116264],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,116265,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116267,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116279,116281],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,116269,70],{"class":69},[63,116271,74],{"class":73},[63,116273,11701],{"class":181},[63,116275,11809],{"class":3473},[63,116277,116278],{"class":181}," deep",[63,116280,3256],{"class":73},[63,116282,116283],{"class":1357},"         # False\n",[63,116285,116286,116288,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,116287,70],{"class":69},[63,116289,74],{"class":73},[63,116291,11748],{"class":181},[63,116293,3497],{"class":73},[63,116295,1734],{"class":82},[63,116297,12890],{"class":73},[63,116299,7705],{"class":3473},[63,116301,116278],{"class":181},[63,116303,3497],{"class":73},[63,116305,1734],{"class":82},[63,116307,20065],{"class":73},[63,116309,43489],{"class":1357},[49,116311,116313],{"id":116312},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116315,116316,116317,2482],{},"These all make ",[833,116318,116319],{},"shallow copies",[30,116321,116322,116326,116330,116335,116341],{},[33,116323,116324],{},[15,116325,55218],{},[33,116327,116328],{},[15,116329,12050],{},[33,116331,116332],{},[15,116333,116334],{},"set.copy()",[33,116336,116337,116338],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116339,116340],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116342,116343,116345,116346,34703],{},[15,116344,115493],{}," from the ",[15,116347,12527],{},[20,116349,1740],{},[54,116351,116353],{"className":56,"code":116352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116354,116355,116375,116379,116393,116404,116408,116420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116356,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116358,3211],{"class":382},[63,116360,386],{"class":270},[63,116362,3216],{"class":73},[63,116364,674],{"class":82},[63,116366,102],{"class":73},[63,116368,105],{"class":82},[63,116370,102],{"class":73},[63,116372,518],{"class":82},[63,116374,3229],{"class":73},[63,116376,116377],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,116378,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116380,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,116382,2157],{"class":382},[63,116384,386],{"class":270},[63,116386,3862],{"class":382},[63,116388,307],{"class":73},[63,116390,12527],{"class":181},[63,116392,8252],{"class":73},[63,116394,116395,116397,116399,116401],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,116396,2185],{"class":382},[63,116398,386],{"class":270},[63,116400,3862],{"class":382},[63,116402,116403],{"class":73},"[:]\n",[63,116405,116406],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,116407,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,116411,70],{"class":69},[63,116413,74],{"class":73},[63,116415,303],{"class":181},[63,116417,3256],{"class":73},[63,116419,54549],{"class":1357},[63,116421,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,116423,70],{"class":69},[63,116425,74],{"class":73},[63,116427,4362],{"class":181},[63,116429,3256],{"class":73},[63,116431,54549],{"class":1357},[20,116433,72758,116434,47151,116438,307],{},[303,116435,116436,10352],{"href":54577},[15,116437,55218],{},[303,116439,116440,10352],{"href":12047},[15,116441,12050],{},[49,116443,116445],{"id":116444},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116447,116448],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116450,116451,116454,116457],{},[33,116452,116453],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116455,116456],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116458,116459],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116461,116462],{},"Example with a flat list:",[54,116464,116466],{"className":56,"code":116465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116467,116468,116488,116502,116506,116520,116524,116536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116469,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116471,11701],{"class":382},[63,116473,386],{"class":270},[63,116475,3216],{"class":73},[63,116477,674],{"class":82},[63,116479,102],{"class":73},[63,116481,105],{"class":82},[63,116483,102],{"class":73},[63,116485,518],{"class":82},[63,116487,3229],{"class":73},[63,116489,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,116491,13929],{"class":382},[63,116493,386],{"class":270},[63,116495,11776],{"class":382},[63,116497,307],{"class":73},[63,116499,12527],{"class":181},[63,116501,8252],{"class":73},[63,116503,116504],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,116505,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116507,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,116509,13948],{"class":382},[63,116511,307],{"class":73},[63,116513,13170],{"class":181},[63,116515,74],{"class":73},[63,116517,952],{"class":82},[63,116519,397],{"class":73},[63,116521,116522],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,116523,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116525,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,116527,70],{"class":69},[63,116529,74],{"class":73},[63,116531,11748],{"class":181},[63,116533,3256],{"class":73},[63,116535,54549],{"class":1357},[63,116537,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,116539,70],{"class":69},[63,116541,74],{"class":73},[63,116543,13948],{"class":181},[63,116545,3256],{"class":73},[63,116547,116017],{"class":1357},[20,116549,116550],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116552,116553,116554,307],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[303,116555,14506],{"href":56837},[49,116557,116559],{"id":116558},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116561,116562],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,116564,116565,116568,116571],{},[33,116566,116567],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,116569,116570],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,116572,116573],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116575,116576],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[54,116578,116580],{"className":56,"code":116579,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116581,116582,116588,116592,116618,116632,116650,116654,116676,116680,116693,116706],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116583,116584,116586],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116585,34713],{"class":3473},[63,116587,115351],{"class":382},[63,116589,116590],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,116591,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116593,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,116595,11701],{"class":382},[63,116597,386],{"class":270},[63,116599,10102],{"class":73},[63,116601,2455],{"class":448},[63,116603,16008],{"class":452},[63,116605,2455],{"class":448},[63,116607,2482],{"class":73},[63,116609,3216],{"class":73},[63,116611,1940],{"class":82},[63,116613,102],{"class":73},[63,116615,7397],{"class":82},[63,116617,13323],{"class":73},[63,116619,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,116621,115386],{"class":382},[63,116623,386],{"class":270},[63,116625,11776],{"class":382},[63,116627,307],{"class":73},[63,116629,12527],{"class":181},[63,116631,8252],{"class":73},[63,116633,116634,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,116635,115406],{"class":382},[63,116637,386],{"class":270},[63,116639,115391],{"class":382},[63,116641,307],{"class":73},[63,116643,115415],{"class":181},[63,116645,74],{"class":73},[63,116647,11748],{"class":181},[63,116649,397],{"class":73},[63,116651,116652],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,116653,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116655,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,116657,11748],{"class":382},[63,116659,3497],{"class":73},[63,116661,2455],{"class":448},[63,116663,16008],{"class":452},[63,116665,2455],{"class":448},[63,116667,13167],{"class":73},[63,116669,13170],{"class":181},[63,116671,74],{"class":73},[63,116673,36466],{"class":82},[63,116675,397],{"class":73},[63,116677,116678],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,116679,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116681,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,116683,70],{"class":69},[63,116685,74],{"class":73},[63,116687,11748],{"class":181},[63,116689,3256],{"class":73},[63,116691,116692],{"class":1357},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[63,116694,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703],{"class":65,"line":6040},[63,116696,70],{"class":69},[63,116698,74],{"class":73},[63,116700,115469],{"class":181},[63,116702,3256],{"class":73},[63,116704,116705],{"class":1357},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[63,116707,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716],{"class":65,"line":11209},[63,116709,70],{"class":69},[63,116711,74],{"class":73},[63,116713,115483],{"class":181},[63,116715,3256],{"class":73},[63,116717,116718],{"class":1357},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116720,116721],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[49,116723,116725],{"id":116724},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116727,116728],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,116730,116731,116734,116737,116740],{},[33,116732,116733],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,116735,116736],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,116738,116739],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,116741,116742],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116744,116745],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[54,116747,116749],{"className":56,"code":116748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116750,116751,116759,116767,116771,116779,116783,116795],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116752,116753,116755,116757],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116754,2157],{"class":382},[63,116756,386],{"class":270},[63,116758,2190],{"class":82},[63,116760,116761,116763,116765],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,116762,2185],{"class":382},[63,116764,386],{"class":270},[63,116766,35799],{"class":382},[63,116768,116769],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,116770,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116772,116773,116775,116777],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,116774,2185],{"class":382},[63,116776,386],{"class":270},[63,116778,14232],{"class":82},[63,116780,116781],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,116782,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,116784,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,116786,70],{"class":69},[63,116788,74],{"class":73},[63,116790,303],{"class":181},[63,116792,3256],{"class":73},[63,116794,26415],{"class":1357},[63,116796,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,116798,70],{"class":69},[63,116800,74],{"class":73},[63,116802,4362],{"class":181},[63,116804,3256],{"class":73},[63,116806,27236],{"class":1357},[20,116808,93129,116809,116812],{},[303,116810,116811],{"href":11680},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[49,116814,1186],{"id":1185},[20,116816,116817],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,116819,116820,116824,116829,116834,116837],{},[33,116821,311,116822,56401],{},[15,116823,386],{},[33,116825,311,116826,116828],{},[15,116827,55218],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,116830,311,116831,116833],{},[15,116832,12050],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,116835,116836],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,116838,116839],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116841,116842],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[54,116844,116846],{"className":56,"code":116845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116847,116848,116862,116876,116898,116929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116849,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116851,70],{"class":69},[63,116853,74],{"class":73},[63,116855,11701],{"class":181},[63,116857,11809],{"class":3473},[63,116859,14002],{"class":181},[63,116861,397],{"class":73},[63,116863,116864,116866,116868,116870,116872,116874],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,116865,70],{"class":69},[63,116867,74],{"class":73},[63,116869,11701],{"class":181},[63,116871,4289],{"class":270},[63,116873,14002],{"class":181},[63,116875,397],{"class":73},[63,116877,116878,116880,116882,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892,116894,116896],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,116879,70],{"class":69},[63,116881,74],{"class":73},[63,116883,12265],{"class":69},[63,116885,74],{"class":73},[63,116887,11748],{"class":181},[63,116889,8843],{"class":73},[63,116891,14434],{"class":69},[63,116893,74],{"class":73},[63,116895,13948],{"class":181},[63,116897,86],{"class":73},[63,116899,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914,116917,116919,116921,116923,116925,116927],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,116901,70],{"class":69},[63,116903,74],{"class":73},[63,116905,12265],{"class":69},[63,116907,74],{"class":73},[63,116909,11748],{"class":181},[63,116911,3497],{"class":73},[63,116913,1734],{"class":82},[63,116915,116916],{"class":73},"]),",[63,116918,14434],{"class":69},[63,116920,74],{"class":73},[63,116922,13948],{"class":181},[63,116924,3497],{"class":73},[63,116926,1734],{"class":82},[63,116928,2596],{"class":73},[63,116930,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,116932,70],{"class":69},[63,116934,74],{"class":73},[63,116936,418],{"class":417},[63,116938,74],{"class":73},[63,116940,11748],{"class":181},[63,116942,86],{"class":73},[20,116944,116945],{},"What they tell you:",[30,116947,116948,116953,116958,116963,116973],{},[33,116949,116950,116952],{},[15,116951,11809],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,116954,116955,116957],{},[15,116956,4289],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,116959,116960,116962],{},[15,116961,43105],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,116964,116965,116966,3993,116969,116972],{},"comparing ",[15,116967,116968],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116970,116971],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,116974,116975,116977],{},[15,116976,1911],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[49,116979,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,116981,116983],{"id":116982},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116985,116986],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1193,116988,56887],{"id":56802},[20,116990,116991],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1193,116993,116995],{"id":116994},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116997,116998],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1193,117000,117002],{"id":117001},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117004,117005],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1193,117007,117009],{"id":117008},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117011,117012],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[49,117014,1517],{"id":1516},[30,117016,117017,117022,117028,117034,117038],{},[33,117018,117019],{},[303,117020,117021],{"href":11680},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117023,117024],{},[303,117025,13,117026,10352],{"href":54577},[15,117027,55218],{},[33,117029,117030],{},[303,117031,13,117032,10352],{"href":12047},[15,117033,12050],{},[33,117035,117036],{},[303,117037,14583],{"href":56837},[33,117039,117040],{},[303,117041,117042],{"href":58112},"What is a list in Python?",[1542,117044,117045],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":117047},[117048,117049,117050,117051,117052,117053,117058,117059,117060,117061,117062,117063,117070],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":115503,"depth":89,"text":115504},{"id":115524,"depth":89,"text":115525},{"id":115767,"depth":89,"text":115768},{"id":115907,"depth":89,"text":115908},{"id":116023,"depth":89,"text":116024,"children":117054},[117055,117056,117057],{"id":116030,"depth":254,"text":116031},{"id":116099,"depth":254,"text":116100},{"id":116198,"depth":254,"text":116199},{"id":116312,"depth":89,"text":116313},{"id":116444,"depth":89,"text":116445},{"id":116558,"depth":89,"text":116559},{"id":116724,"depth":89,"text":116725},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":117064},[117065,117066,117067,117068,117069],{"id":116982,"depth":254,"text":116983},{"id":56802,"depth":254,"text":56887},{"id":116994,"depth":254,"text":116995},{"id":117001,"depth":254,"text":117002},{"id":117008,"depth":254,"text":117009},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115304,"description":117071},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117077,"title":117078,"body":117079,"description":118936,"extension":1580,"meta":118937,"navigation":579,"path":118938,"seo":118939,"stem":118940,"__hash__":118941},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117080,"toc":118894},[117081,117086,117091,117099,117101,117169,117174,117179,117194,117197,117199,117230,117232,117252,117255,117270,117272,117275,117348,117350,117395,117397,117408,117413,117417,117422,117425,117464,117466,117486,117489,117546,117548,117583,117586,117625,117627,117647,117650,117681,117683,117739,117741,117746,117817,117819,117852,117857,117862,117927,117929,117966,117969,118046,118048,118108,118115,118120,118123,118126,118207,118209,118250,118255,118258,118336,118338,118371,118380,118387,118390,118401,118404,118415,118419,118427,118436,118440,118445,118449,118454,118497,118500,118506,118509,118511,118558,118563,118567,118570,118619,118621,118642,118645,118647,118672,118675,118796,118801,118803,118808,118811,118816,118819,118827,118832,118839,118842,118850,118853,118855,118891],[10,117082,13,117084,18],{"id":117083},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117085,74042],{},[20,117087,117088,117090],{},[15,117089,74042],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117092,117093,117094,1801,117096,117098],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117095,77485],{},[15,117097,74042],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[49,117100,3201],{"id":3200},[54,117102,117104],{"className":56,"code":117103,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117105,117106,117126,117140,117144,117156],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117107,117108,117110,117112,117114,117116,117118,117120,117122,117124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117109,3211],{"class":382},[63,117111,386],{"class":270},[63,117113,3216],{"class":73},[63,117115,715],{"class":82},[63,117117,102],{"class":73},[63,117119,249],{"class":82},[63,117121,102],{"class":73},[63,117123,105],{"class":82},[63,117125,3229],{"class":73},[63,117127,117128,117130,117132,117134,117136,117138],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117129,383],{"class":382},[63,117131,386],{"class":270},[63,117133,74176],{"class":69},[63,117135,74],{"class":73},[63,117137,3243],{"class":181},[63,117139,397],{"class":73},[63,117141,117142],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,117143,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,117145,117146,117148,117150,117152,117154],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,117147,70],{"class":69},[63,117149,74],{"class":73},[63,117151,406],{"class":181},[63,117153,3256],{"class":73},[63,117155,55305],{"class":1357},[63,117157,117158,117160,117162,117164,117166],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,117159,70],{"class":69},[63,117161,74],{"class":73},[63,117163,3243],{"class":181},[63,117165,3256],{"class":73},[63,117167,117168],{"class":1357},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117170,117171,117173],{},[15,117172,74042],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[49,117175,138,117177,141],{"id":117176},"what-sorted-does",[15,117178,74042],{},[30,117180,117181,117185,117188,117191],{},[33,117182,117183,62545],{},[15,117184,74042],{},[33,117186,117187],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117189,117190],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117192,117193],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117195,117196],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[49,117198,164],{"id":163},[54,117200,117202],{"className":56,"code":117201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117203,117204],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117205,117206,117208,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117228],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117207,74132],{"class":69},[63,117209,74],{"class":73},[63,117211,3315],{"class":181},[63,117213,102],{"class":73},[63,117215,21199],{"class":8785},[63,117217,386],{"class":270},[63,117219,3373],{"class":3448},[63,117221,102],{"class":73},[63,117223,77688],{"class":8785},[63,117225,386],{"class":270},[63,117227,3269],{"class":3448},[63,117229,397],{"class":73},[1193,117231,17013],{"id":17012},[30,117233,117234,117239,117244],{},[33,117235,117236,117238],{},[15,117237,3315],{},": the values to sort",[33,117240,117241,117243],{},[15,117242,14459],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117245,117246,117248,117249,117251],{},[15,117247,73195],{},": set to ",[15,117250,3196],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117253,117254],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[54,117256,117258],{"className":56,"code":117257,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117259,117260],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117261,117262,117264,117266,117268],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117263,74132],{"class":69},[63,117265,74],{"class":73},[63,117267,59926],{"class":181},[63,117269,397],{"class":73},[49,117271,11089],{"id":11088},[20,117273,117274],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[54,117276,117278],{"className":56,"code":117277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117279,117280,117304,117308,117323,117327,117338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117281,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300,117302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117283,3211],{"class":382},[63,117285,386],{"class":270},[63,117287,3216],{"class":73},[63,117289,1750],{"class":82},[63,117291,102],{"class":73},[63,117293,105],{"class":82},[63,117295,102],{"class":73},[63,117297,5962],{"class":82},[63,117299,102],{"class":73},[63,117301,249],{"class":82},[63,117303,3229],{"class":73},[63,117305,117306],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117307,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,117309,117310,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,117311,117312],{"class":382},"sorted_numbers ",[63,117314,386],{"class":270},[63,117316,74176],{"class":69},[63,117318,74],{"class":73},[63,117320,3243],{"class":181},[63,117322,397],{"class":73},[63,117324,117325],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,117326,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,117328,117329,117331,117333,117336],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,117330,70],{"class":69},[63,117332,74],{"class":73},[63,117334,117335],{"class":181},"sorted_numbers",[63,117337,397],{"class":73},[63,117339,117340,117342,117344,117346],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,117341,70],{"class":69},[63,117343,74],{"class":73},[63,117345,3243],{"class":181},[63,117347,397],{"class":73},[20,117349,110],{},[54,117351,117353],{"className":56,"code":117352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117354,117355,117375],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117356,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117358,3497],{"class":73},[63,117360,674],{"class":82},[63,117362,102],{"class":73},[63,117364,105],{"class":82},[63,117366,102],{"class":73},[63,117368,4206],{"class":82},[63,117370,102],{"class":73},[63,117372,5962],{"class":82},[63,117374,3229],{"class":73},[63,117376,117377,117379,117381,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117378,3497],{"class":73},[63,117380,1750],{"class":82},[63,117382,102],{"class":73},[63,117384,105],{"class":82},[63,117386,102],{"class":73},[63,117388,5962],{"class":82},[63,117390,102],{"class":73},[63,117392,249],{"class":82},[63,117394,3229],{"class":73},[20,117396,13380],{},[30,117398,117399,117404],{},[33,117400,117401,117403],{},[15,117402,117335],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117405,117406,111940],{},[15,117407,3243],{},[20,117409,117410,117411,307],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[303,117412,77995],{"href":77994},[49,117414,117416],{"id":117415},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117418,117419,117421],{},[15,117420,74042],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1193,117423,117424],{"id":7702},"List",[54,117426,117428],{"className":56,"code":117427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117429,117430,117450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117431,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117433,3211],{"class":382},[63,117435,386],{"class":270},[63,117437,3216],{"class":73},[63,117439,715],{"class":82},[63,117441,102],{"class":73},[63,117443,249],{"class":82},[63,117445,102],{"class":73},[63,117447,105],{"class":82},[63,117449,3229],{"class":73},[63,117451,117452,117454,117456,117458,117460,117462],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117453,70],{"class":69},[63,117455,74],{"class":73},[63,117457,74132],{"class":69},[63,117459,74],{"class":73},[63,117461,3243],{"class":181},[63,117463,86],{"class":73},[20,117465,110],{},[54,117467,117468],{"className":56,"code":54767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,117469,117470],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117471,117472,117474,117476,117478,117480,117482,117484],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117473,3497],{"class":73},[63,117475,674],{"class":82},[63,117477,102],{"class":73},[63,117479,105],{"class":82},[63,117481,102],{"class":73},[63,117483,518],{"class":82},[63,117485,3229],{"class":73},[1193,117487,117488],{"id":48568},"Tuple",[54,117490,117492],{"className":56,"code":117491,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117493,117494,117514,117528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117495,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117497,3418],{"class":382},[63,117499,386],{"class":270},[63,117501,8846],{"class":73},[63,117503,715],{"class":82},[63,117505,102],{"class":73},[63,117507,249],{"class":82},[63,117509,102],{"class":73},[63,117511,105],{"class":82},[63,117513,397],{"class":73},[63,117515,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117517,70],{"class":69},[63,117519,74],{"class":73},[63,117521,74132],{"class":69},[63,117523,74],{"class":73},[63,117525,4961],{"class":181},[63,117527,86],{"class":73},[63,117529,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538,117540,117542,117544],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,117531,70],{"class":69},[63,117533,74],{"class":73},[63,117535,418],{"class":417},[63,117537,74],{"class":73},[63,117539,74132],{"class":69},[63,117541,74],{"class":73},[63,117543,4961],{"class":181},[63,117545,2510],{"class":73},[20,117547,110],{},[54,117549,117551],{"className":56,"code":117550,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117552,117553,117569],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117554,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117556,3497],{"class":73},[63,117558,674],{"class":82},[63,117560,102],{"class":73},[63,117562,105],{"class":82},[63,117564,102],{"class":73},[63,117566,518],{"class":82},[63,117568,3229],{"class":73},[63,117570,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117572,441],{"class":270},[63,117574,445],{"class":444},[63,117576,449],{"class":448},[63,117578,7702],{"class":452},[63,117580,456],{"class":448},[63,117582,459],{"class":270},[1193,117584,117585],{"id":5890},"Set",[54,117587,117589],{"className":56,"code":117588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117590,117591,117611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117592,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117594,3418],{"class":382},[63,117596,386],{"class":270},[63,117598,10102],{"class":73},[63,117600,715],{"class":82},[63,117602,102],{"class":73},[63,117604,249],{"class":82},[63,117606,102],{"class":73},[63,117608,105],{"class":82},[63,117610,8919],{"class":73},[63,117612,117613,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117614,70],{"class":69},[63,117616,74],{"class":73},[63,117618,74132],{"class":69},[63,117620,74],{"class":73},[63,117622,4961],{"class":181},[63,117624,86],{"class":73},[20,117626,110],{},[54,117628,117629],{"className":56,"code":54767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,117630,117631],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117632,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117634,3497],{"class":73},[63,117636,674],{"class":82},[63,117638,102],{"class":73},[63,117640,105],{"class":82},[63,117642,102],{"class":73},[63,117644,518],{"class":82},[63,117646,3229],{"class":73},[1193,117648,117649],{"id":60793},"String",[54,117651,117653],{"className":56,"code":117652,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117654,117655,117667],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117656,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117658,1370],{"class":382},[63,117660,386],{"class":270},[63,117662,1375],{"class":448},[63,117664,58],{"class":452},[63,117666,1381],{"class":448},[63,117668,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117670,70],{"class":69},[63,117672,74],{"class":73},[63,117674,74132],{"class":69},[63,117676,74],{"class":73},[63,117678,1396],{"class":181},[63,117680,86],{"class":73},[20,117682,110],{},[54,117684,117685],{"className":56,"code":79012,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,117686,117687],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117688,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117690,3497],{"class":73},[63,117692,456],{"class":448},[63,117694,60057],{"class":452},[63,117696,456],{"class":448},[63,117698,102],{"class":73},[63,117700,449],{"class":448},[63,117702,75648],{"class":452},[63,117704,456],{"class":448},[63,117706,102],{"class":73},[63,117708,449],{"class":448},[63,117710,60092],{"class":452},[63,117712,456],{"class":448},[63,117714,102],{"class":73},[63,117716,449],{"class":448},[63,117718,20],{"class":452},[63,117720,456],{"class":448},[63,117722,102],{"class":73},[63,117724,449],{"class":448},[63,117726,62906],{"class":452},[63,117728,456],{"class":448},[63,117730,102],{"class":73},[63,117732,449],{"class":448},[63,117734,11360],{"class":452},[63,117736,456],{"class":448},[63,117738,3229],{"class":73},[1193,117740,28843],{"id":15223},[20,117742,63159,117743,117745],{},[15,117744,74042],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[54,117747,117749],{"className":56,"code":117748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117750,117751,117803],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117752,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799,117801],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117754,12821],{"class":382},[63,117756,386],{"class":270},[63,117758,10102],{"class":73},[63,117760,2455],{"class":448},[63,117762,7274],{"class":452},[63,117764,2455],{"class":448},[63,117766,2482],{"class":73},[63,117768,1375],{"class":448},[63,117770,12496],{"class":452},[63,117772,2455],{"class":448},[63,117774,102],{"class":73},[63,117776,1375],{"class":448},[63,117778,8909],{"class":452},[63,117780,2455],{"class":448},[63,117782,2482],{"class":73},[63,117784,7397],{"class":82},[63,117786,102],{"class":73},[63,117788,1375],{"class":448},[63,117790,10020],{"class":452},[63,117792,2455],{"class":448},[63,117794,2482],{"class":73},[63,117796,1375],{"class":448},[63,117798,15650],{"class":452},[63,117800,2455],{"class":448},[63,117802,8919],{"class":73},[63,117804,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813,117815],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117806,70],{"class":69},[63,117808,74],{"class":73},[63,117810,74132],{"class":69},[63,117812,74],{"class":73},[63,117814,16925],{"class":181},[63,117816,86],{"class":73},[20,117818,110],{},[54,117820,117822],{"className":56,"code":117821,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117823,117824],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117825,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117827,3497],{"class":73},[63,117829,456],{"class":448},[63,117831,8909],{"class":452},[63,117833,456],{"class":448},[63,117835,102],{"class":73},[63,117837,449],{"class":448},[63,117839,10020],{"class":452},[63,117841,456],{"class":448},[63,117843,102],{"class":73},[63,117845,449],{"class":448},[63,117847,7274],{"class":452},[63,117849,456],{"class":448},[63,117851,3229],{"class":73},[49,117853,311,117855],{"id":117854},"using-reversetrue",[15,117856,77709],{},[20,117858,128,117859,117861],{},[15,117860,77709],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[54,117863,117865],{"className":56,"code":117864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117866,117867,117887,117891,117905],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117868,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117870,3211],{"class":382},[63,117872,386],{"class":270},[63,117874,3216],{"class":73},[63,117876,715],{"class":82},[63,117878,102],{"class":73},[63,117880,249],{"class":82},[63,117882,102],{"class":73},[63,117884,105],{"class":82},[63,117886,3229],{"class":73},[63,117888,117889],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117890,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,117892,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,117894,70],{"class":69},[63,117896,74],{"class":73},[63,117898,74132],{"class":69},[63,117900,74],{"class":73},[63,117902,3243],{"class":181},[63,117904,86],{"class":73},[63,117906,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,117908,70],{"class":69},[63,117910,74],{"class":73},[63,117912,74132],{"class":69},[63,117914,74],{"class":73},[63,117916,3243],{"class":181},[63,117918,102],{"class":73},[63,117920,77688],{"class":8785},[63,117922,386],{"class":270},[63,117924,3196],{"class":3448},[63,117926,86],{"class":73},[20,117928,110],{},[54,117930,117932],{"className":56,"code":117931,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117933,117934,117950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117935,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117937,3497],{"class":73},[63,117939,674],{"class":82},[63,117941,102],{"class":73},[63,117943,105],{"class":82},[63,117945,102],{"class":73},[63,117947,518],{"class":82},[63,117949,3229],{"class":73},[63,117951,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,117953,3497],{"class":73},[63,117955,715],{"class":82},[63,117957,102],{"class":73},[63,117959,105],{"class":82},[63,117961,102],{"class":73},[63,117963,249],{"class":82},[63,117965,3229],{"class":73},[20,117967,117968],{},"This also works with strings:",[54,117970,117972],{"className":56,"code":117971,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117973,117974,118006,118010,118024],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117975,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117977,3668],{"class":382},[63,117979,386],{"class":270},[63,117981,3216],{"class":73},[63,117983,2455],{"class":448},[63,117985,3677],{"class":452},[63,117987,2455],{"class":448},[63,117989,102],{"class":73},[63,117991,1375],{"class":448},[63,117993,3686],{"class":452},[63,117995,2455],{"class":448},[63,117997,102],{"class":73},[63,117999,1375],{"class":448},[63,118001,3695],{"class":452},[63,118003,2455],{"class":448},[63,118005,3229],{"class":73},[63,118007,118008],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,118009,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,118011,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,118013,70],{"class":69},[63,118015,74],{"class":73},[63,118017,74132],{"class":69},[63,118019,74],{"class":73},[63,118021,3712],{"class":181},[63,118023,86],{"class":73},[63,118025,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,118027,70],{"class":69},[63,118029,74],{"class":73},[63,118031,74132],{"class":69},[63,118033,74],{"class":73},[63,118035,3712],{"class":181},[63,118037,102],{"class":73},[63,118039,77688],{"class":8785},[63,118041,386],{"class":270},[63,118043,3196],{"class":3448},[63,118045,86],{"class":73},[20,118047,110],{},[54,118049,118050],{"className":56,"code":73776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,118051,118052,118080],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118053,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118055,3497],{"class":73},[63,118057,456],{"class":448},[63,118059,3677],{"class":452},[63,118061,456],{"class":448},[63,118063,102],{"class":73},[63,118065,449],{"class":448},[63,118067,3686],{"class":452},[63,118069,456],{"class":448},[63,118071,102],{"class":73},[63,118073,449],{"class":448},[63,118075,3695],{"class":452},[63,118077,456],{"class":448},[63,118079,3229],{"class":73},[63,118081,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,118083,3497],{"class":73},[63,118085,456],{"class":448},[63,118087,3695],{"class":452},[63,118089,456],{"class":448},[63,118091,102],{"class":73},[63,118093,449],{"class":448},[63,118095,3686],{"class":452},[63,118097,456],{"class":448},[63,118099,102],{"class":73},[63,118101,449],{"class":448},[63,118103,3677],{"class":452},[63,118105,456],{"class":448},[63,118107,3229],{"class":73},[49,118109,311,118111,118114],{"id":118110},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118112,118113],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118116,1597,118117,118119],{},[15,118118,118113],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118121,118122],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118124,118125],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[54,118127,118129],{"className":56,"code":118128,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118130,118131,118171,118175,118197],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118132,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118134,3668],{"class":382},[63,118136,386],{"class":270},[63,118138,3216],{"class":73},[63,118140,2455],{"class":448},[63,118142,78362],{"class":452},[63,118144,2455],{"class":448},[63,118146,102],{"class":73},[63,118148,1375],{"class":448},[63,118150,37984],{"class":452},[63,118152,2455],{"class":448},[63,118154,102],{"class":73},[63,118156,1375],{"class":448},[63,118158,3686],{"class":452},[63,118160,2455],{"class":448},[63,118162,102],{"class":73},[63,118164,1375],{"class":448},[63,118166,37967],{"class":452},[63,118168,2455],{"class":448},[63,118170,3229],{"class":73},[63,118172,118173],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,118174,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,118176,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,118178,383],{"class":382},[63,118180,386],{"class":270},[63,118182,74176],{"class":69},[63,118184,74],{"class":73},[63,118186,3712],{"class":181},[63,118188,102],{"class":73},[63,118190,21199],{"class":8785},[63,118192,386],{"class":270},[63,118194,10774],{"class":69},[63,118196,397],{"class":73},[63,118198,118199,118201,118203,118205],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,118200,70],{"class":69},[63,118202,74],{"class":73},[63,118204,406],{"class":181},[63,118206,397],{"class":73},[20,118208,110],{},[54,118210,118212],{"className":56,"code":118211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118213,118214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118215,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118217,3497],{"class":73},[63,118219,456],{"class":448},[63,118221,37984],{"class":452},[63,118223,456],{"class":448},[63,118225,102],{"class":73},[63,118227,449],{"class":448},[63,118229,78362],{"class":452},[63,118231,456],{"class":448},[63,118233,102],{"class":73},[63,118235,449],{"class":448},[63,118237,37967],{"class":452},[63,118239,456],{"class":448},[63,118241,102],{"class":73},[63,118243,449],{"class":448},[63,118245,3686],{"class":452},[63,118247,456],{"class":448},[63,118249,3229],{"class":73},[20,118251,20390,118252,118254],{},[15,118253,10774],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118256,118257],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[54,118259,118261],{"className":56,"code":118260,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118262,118263,118296,118300,118326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118264,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118292,118294],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118266,3668],{"class":382},[63,118268,386],{"class":270},[63,118270,3216],{"class":73},[63,118272,2455],{"class":448},[63,118274,82981],{"class":452},[63,118276,2455],{"class":448},[63,118278,102],{"class":73},[63,118280,1375],{"class":448},[63,118282,3677],{"class":452},[63,118284,2455],{"class":448},[63,118286,102],{"class":73},[63,118288,1375],{"class":448},[63,118290,118291],{"class":452},"Cherry",[63,118293,2455],{"class":448},[63,118295,3229],{"class":73},[63,118297,118298],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,118299,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,118301,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,118303,383],{"class":382},[63,118305,386],{"class":270},[63,118307,74176],{"class":69},[63,118309,74],{"class":73},[63,118311,3712],{"class":181},[63,118313,102],{"class":73},[63,118315,21199],{"class":8785},[63,118317,386],{"class":270},[63,118319,3037],{"class":417},[63,118321,307],{"class":73},[63,118323,8249],{"class":24370},[63,118325,397],{"class":73},[63,118327,118328,118330,118332,118334],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,118329,70],{"class":69},[63,118331,74],{"class":73},[63,118333,406],{"class":181},[63,118335,397],{"class":73},[20,118337,110],{},[54,118339,118341],{"className":56,"code":118340,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118342,118343],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118344,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118346,3497],{"class":73},[63,118348,456],{"class":448},[63,118350,3677],{"class":452},[63,118352,456],{"class":448},[63,118354,102],{"class":73},[63,118356,449],{"class":448},[63,118358,82981],{"class":452},[63,118360,456],{"class":448},[63,118362,102],{"class":73},[63,118364,449],{"class":448},[63,118366,118291],{"class":452},[63,118368,456],{"class":448},[63,118370,3229],{"class":73},[20,118372,118373,118374,34952,118376,307],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118375,41977],{},[303,118377,13,118378,469],{"href":41974},[15,118379,41977],{},[49,118381,118383,10197,118385],{"id":118382},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118384,74042],{},[15,118386,77485],{},[20,118388,118389],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118391,118392,118397],{},[33,118393,118394,118396],{},[15,118395,74042],{}," returns a new list",[33,118398,118399,73580],{},[15,118400,77485],{},[20,118402,118403],{},"Also:",[30,118405,118406,118411],{},[33,118407,118408,118410],{},[15,118409,74042],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118412,118413,78918],{},[15,118414,77485],{},[20,118416,128,118417,10213],{},[15,118418,74042],{},[30,118420,118421,118424],{},[33,118422,118423],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118425,118426],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118428,118429,118430,307],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[303,118431,13,118432,10197,118434,5385],{"href":78743},[15,118433,74042],{},[15,118435,77485],{},[49,118437,118439],{"id":118438},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118441,118442,118443,307],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118444,74042],{},[1193,118446,118448],{"id":118447},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118450,118451,118452,2482],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118453,2602],{},[54,118455,118457],{"className":56,"code":118456,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118458,118459,118483],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118460,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118462,3418],{"class":382},[63,118464,386],{"class":270},[63,118466,3216],{"class":73},[63,118468,674],{"class":82},[63,118470,102],{"class":73},[63,118472,1375],{"class":448},[63,118474,274],{"class":452},[63,118476,2455],{"class":448},[63,118478,102],{"class":73},[63,118480,518],{"class":82},[63,118482,3229],{"class":73},[63,118484,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,118486,70],{"class":69},[63,118488,74],{"class":73},[63,118490,74132],{"class":69},[63,118492,74],{"class":73},[63,118494,4961],{"class":181},[63,118496,86],{"class":73},[20,118498,118499],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1193,118501,118503,118504,1912],{"id":118502},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118505,14459],{},[20,118507,118508],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118510,1820],{},[54,118512,118514],{"className":56,"code":118513,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118515,118516,118536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118517,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118519,3211],{"class":382},[63,118521,386],{"class":270},[63,118523,3216],{"class":73},[63,118525,1940],{"class":82},[63,118527,102],{"class":73},[63,118529,105],{"class":82},[63,118531,102],{"class":73},[63,118533,7402],{"class":82},[63,118535,3229],{"class":73},[63,118537,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,118539,70],{"class":69},[63,118541,74],{"class":73},[63,118543,74132],{"class":69},[63,118545,74],{"class":73},[63,118547,3243],{"class":181},[63,118549,102],{"class":73},[63,118551,21199],{"class":8785},[63,118553,386],{"class":270},[63,118555,10774],{"class":69},[63,118557,86],{"class":73},[20,118559,48126,118560,118562],{},[15,118561,41977],{}," does not work on integers.",[1193,118564,118566],{"id":118565},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118568,118569],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[54,118571,118573],{"className":56,"code":118572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118574,118575,118595,118605,118609],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118576,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118578,3211],{"class":382},[63,118580,386],{"class":270},[63,118582,3216],{"class":73},[63,118584,715],{"class":82},[63,118586,102],{"class":73},[63,118588,249],{"class":82},[63,118590,102],{"class":73},[63,118592,105],{"class":82},[63,118594,3229],{"class":73},[63,118596,118597,118599,118601,118603],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,118598,74132],{"class":69},[63,118600,74],{"class":73},[63,118602,3243],{"class":181},[63,118604,397],{"class":73},[63,118606,118607],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,118608,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,118610,118611,118613,118615,118617],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,118612,70],{"class":69},[63,118614,74],{"class":73},[63,118616,3243],{"class":181},[63,118618,397],{"class":73},[20,118620,110],{},[54,118622,118624],{"className":56,"code":118623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118625,118626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118627,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118629,3497],{"class":73},[63,118631,715],{"class":82},[63,118633,102],{"class":73},[63,118635,249],{"class":82},[63,118637,102],{"class":73},[63,118639,105],{"class":82},[63,118641,3229],{"class":73},[20,118643,118644],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[49,118646,1186],{"id":1185},[30,118648,118649,118653,118656,118661,118665],{},[33,118650,4180,118651,73580],{},[15,118652,74042],{},[33,118654,118655],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,118657,4305,118658,118660],{},[15,118659,74042],{}," always returns a list",[33,118662,311,118663,22723],{},[15,118664,118113],{},[33,118666,29270,118667,118669,118670],{},[15,118668,63931],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118671,74042],{},[20,118673,118674],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[54,118676,118678],{"className":56,"code":118677,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118679,118680,118702,118728,118766],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118681,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118683,70],{"class":69},[63,118685,74],{"class":73},[63,118687,74132],{"class":69},[63,118689,2583],{"class":73},[63,118691,715],{"class":82},[63,118693,102],{"class":73},[63,118695,249],{"class":82},[63,118697,102],{"class":73},[63,118699,105],{"class":82},[63,118701,2596],{"class":73},[63,118703,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,118705,70],{"class":69},[63,118707,74],{"class":73},[63,118709,418],{"class":417},[63,118711,74],{"class":73},[63,118713,74132],{"class":69},[63,118715,5112],{"class":73},[63,118717,715],{"class":82},[63,118719,102],{"class":73},[63,118721,249],{"class":82},[63,118723,102],{"class":73},[63,118725,105],{"class":82},[63,118727,92985],{"class":73},[63,118729,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,118731,70],{"class":69},[63,118733,74],{"class":73},[63,118735,74132],{"class":69},[63,118737,2583],{"class":73},[63,118739,456],{"class":448},[63,118741,82981],{"class":452},[63,118743,456],{"class":448},[63,118745,102],{"class":73},[63,118747,449],{"class":448},[63,118749,3677],{"class":452},[63,118751,456],{"class":448},[63,118753,17681],{"class":73},[63,118755,21199],{"class":8785},[63,118757,386],{"class":270},[63,118759,3037],{"class":417},[63,118761,307],{"class":73},[63,118763,8249],{"class":24370},[63,118765,86],{"class":73},[63,118767,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,118769,70],{"class":69},[63,118771,74],{"class":73},[63,118773,74132],{"class":69},[63,118775,2583],{"class":73},[63,118777,715],{"class":82},[63,118779,102],{"class":73},[63,118781,249],{"class":82},[63,118783,102],{"class":73},[63,118785,105],{"class":82},[63,118787,17681],{"class":73},[63,118789,77688],{"class":8785},[63,118791,386],{"class":270},[63,118793,3196],{"class":3448},[63,118795,86],{"class":73},[20,118797,118798,118799,307],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[303,118800,52388],{"href":50595},[49,118802,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,118804,1459,118806,56781],{"id":118805},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118807,74042],{},[20,118809,118810],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1193,118812,4744,118814,12331],{"id":118813},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118815,74042],{},[20,118817,118818],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1193,118820,118822,118823,10704,118825,1506],{"id":118821},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118824,74042],{},[15,118826,77485],{},[20,118828,128,118829,118831],{},[15,118830,74042],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1193,118833,4744,118835,86069,118837,1506],{"id":118834},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118836,118113],{},[15,118838,74042],{},[20,118840,118841],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1193,118843,4760,118845,118847,118848,1506],{"id":118844},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118846,74042],{}," give a ",[15,118849,2602],{},[20,118851,118852],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[49,118854,1517],{"id":1516},[30,118856,118857,118861,118869,118873,118879,118885],{},[33,118858,118859],{},[303,118860,79491],{"href":77994},[33,118862,118863],{},[303,118864,13,118865,10197,118867,5385],{"href":78743},[15,118866,74042],{},[15,118868,77485],{},[33,118870,118871],{},[303,118872,52388],{"href":50595},[33,118874,118875],{},[303,118876,13,118877,469],{"href":41974},[15,118878,41977],{},[33,118880,118881],{},[303,118882,13,118883,469],{"href":91641},[15,118884,35372],{},[33,118886,118887],{},[303,118888,13,118889,469],{"href":35819},[15,118890,35822],{},[1542,118892,118893],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":118895},[118896,118897,118899,118902,118903,118910,118912,118914,118916,118922,118923,118935],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":117176,"depth":89,"text":118898},"What sorted() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":118900},[118901],{"id":17012,"depth":254,"text":17013},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":117415,"depth":89,"text":117416,"children":118904},[118905,118906,118907,118908,118909],{"id":7702,"depth":254,"text":117424},{"id":48568,"depth":254,"text":117488},{"id":5890,"depth":254,"text":117585},{"id":60793,"depth":254,"text":117649},{"id":15223,"depth":254,"text":28843},{"id":117854,"depth":89,"text":118911},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118110,"depth":89,"text":118913},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118382,"depth":89,"text":118915},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118438,"depth":89,"text":118439,"children":118917},[118918,118919,118921],{"id":118447,"depth":254,"text":118448},{"id":118502,"depth":254,"text":118920},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118565,"depth":254,"text":118566},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":118924},[118925,118927,118929,118931,118933],{"id":118805,"depth":254,"text":118926},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118813,"depth":254,"text":118928},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118821,"depth":254,"text":118930},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118834,"depth":254,"text":118932},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118844,"depth":254,"text":118934},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117078,"description":118936},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118943,"title":118944,"body":118945,"description":121056,"extension":1580,"meta":121057,"navigation":579,"path":78743,"seo":121058,"stem":121059,"__hash__":121060},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118946,"toc":121003},[118947,118954,118957,118967,118973,118976,118994,119002,119004,119063,119071,119075,119097,119101,119105,119107,119124,119126,119138,119144,119228,119232,119279,119285,119292,119296,119301,119303,119315,119320,119373,119377,119397,119404,119411,119415,119418,119437,119441,119555,119559,119629,119631,119643,119648,119652,119665,119669,119744,119748,119787,119794,119800,119805,119809,119823,119827,119892,119896,119929,119932,119937,119945,119952,119965,119968,119972,120055,120059,120096,120100,120203,120207,120268,120273,120280,120284,120287,120293,120296,120363,120367,120391,120393,120411,120418,120471,120475,120495,120501,120503,120560,120567,120593,120598,120603,120611,120617,120677,120681,120728,120731,120733,120736,120762,120765,120858,120860,120880,120884,120887,120905,120911,120913,120921,120926,120933,120936,120942,120945,120951,120959,120967,120972,120974,121000],[10,118948,13,118950,10197,118952,92699],{"id":118949},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118951,74042],{},[15,118953,77485],{},[20,118955,118956],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,118958,118959,118963],{},[33,118960,118961],{},[15,118962,74042],{},[33,118964,118965],{},[15,118966,77485],{},[20,118968,118969,118970,118972],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[833,118971,973],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118974,118975],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,118977,118978,118986],{},[33,118979,128,118980,118982,118983],{},[15,118981,74042],{}," when you want a ",[833,118984,118985],{},"new sorted result",[33,118987,128,118988,118990,118991],{},[15,118989,77485],{}," when you want to ",[833,118992,118993],{},"change the original list",[20,118995,118996,118997,2004,118999,119001],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118998,77485],{},[15,119000,3373],{}," and causes confusion.",[49,119003,3201],{"id":3200},[54,119005,119007],{"className":56,"code":119006,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119008,119009,119029,119033,119050],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119010,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119012,3211],{"class":382},[63,119014,386],{"class":270},[63,119016,3216],{"class":73},[63,119018,715],{"class":82},[63,119020,102],{"class":73},[63,119022,249],{"class":82},[63,119024,102],{"class":73},[63,119026,105],{"class":82},[63,119028,3229],{"class":73},[63,119030,119031],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119032,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119034,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,119036,55507],{"class":382},[63,119038,386],{"class":270},[63,119040,74176],{"class":69},[63,119042,74],{"class":73},[63,119044,3243],{"class":181},[63,119046,3256],{"class":73},[63,119048,119049],{"class":1357},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[63,119051,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,119053,3243],{"class":382},[63,119055,307],{"class":73},[63,119057,34421],{"class":181},[63,119059,6971],{"class":73},[63,119061,119062],{"class":1357},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119064,128,119065,119067,119068,119070],{},[15,119066,74042],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119069,77485],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[49,119072,119074],{"id":119073},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119076,119077,119082,119087,119094],{},[33,119078,128,119079,119081],{},[15,119080,74042],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119083,128,119084,119086],{},[15,119085,77485],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119088,119089,119090,2004,119092],{},"Understand why ",[15,119091,77485],{},[15,119093,3373],{},[33,119095,119096],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[49,119098,138,119099,141],{"id":117176},[15,119100,74042],{},[20,119102,119103,62545],{},[15,119104,74042],{},[20,119106,48542],{},[30,119108,119109,119115,119121],{},[33,119110,119111,119112],{},"returns a ",[833,119113,119114],{},"new list",[33,119116,119117,119118,119120],{},"does ",[833,119119,973],{}," change the original data",[33,119122,119123],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119125,50749],{},[30,119127,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136],{},[33,119129,4902],{},[33,119131,4905],{},[33,119133,4911],{},[33,119135,4908],{},[33,119137,35533],{},[1193,119139,34700,119141,119143],{"id":119140},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119142,74042],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[54,119145,119147],{"className":56,"code":119146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119148,119149,119169,119173,119187,119191,119209],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119150,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119152,3211],{"class":382},[63,119154,386],{"class":270},[63,119156,3216],{"class":73},[63,119158,715],{"class":82},[63,119160,102],{"class":73},[63,119162,249],{"class":82},[63,119164,102],{"class":73},[63,119166,105],{"class":82},[63,119168,3229],{"class":73},[63,119170,119171],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119172,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119174,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,119176,383],{"class":382},[63,119178,386],{"class":270},[63,119180,74176],{"class":69},[63,119182,74],{"class":73},[63,119184,3243],{"class":181},[63,119186,397],{"class":73},[63,119188,119189],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,119190,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119192,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,119194,70],{"class":69},[63,119196,74],{"class":73},[63,119198,2455],{"class":448},[63,119200,11769],{"class":452},[63,119202,2455],{"class":448},[63,119204,102],{"class":73},[63,119206,3862],{"class":181},[63,119208,397],{"class":73},[63,119210,119211,119213,119215,119217,119220,119222,119224,119226],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,119212,70],{"class":69},[63,119214,74],{"class":73},[63,119216,2455],{"class":448},[63,119218,119219],{"class":452},"sorted result:",[63,119221,2455],{"class":448},[63,119223,102],{"class":73},[63,119225,80835],{"class":181},[63,119227,397],{"class":73},[20,119229,119230],{},[833,119231,110],{},[54,119233,119235],{"className":56,"code":119234,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119236,119237,119257],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119238,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119240,11748],{"class":382},[63,119242,2482],{"class":73},[63,119244,3216],{"class":73},[63,119246,715],{"class":82},[63,119248,102],{"class":73},[63,119250,249],{"class":82},[63,119252,102],{"class":73},[63,119254,105],{"class":82},[63,119256,3229],{"class":73},[63,119258,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119260,74132],{"class":69},[63,119262,80835],{"class":382},[63,119264,2482],{"class":73},[63,119266,3216],{"class":73},[63,119268,674],{"class":82},[63,119270,102],{"class":73},[63,119272,105],{"class":82},[63,119274,102],{"class":73},[63,119276,518],{"class":82},[63,119278,3229],{"class":73},[20,119280,119281,119282,119284],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119283,3243],{}," stays the same.",[20,119286,119287,119288,307],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[303,119289,13,119290,469],{"href":74139},[15,119291,74042],{},[49,119293,138,119294,141],{"id":77551},[15,119295,77485],{},[20,119297,119298,119300],{},[15,119299,63931],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119302,48542],{},[30,119304,119305,119308,119311],{},[33,119306,119307],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119309,119310],{},"only works on lists",[33,119312,3286,119313],{},[15,119314,3373],{},[1193,119316,34700,119318,73580],{"id":119317},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119319,77485],{},[54,119321,119323],{"className":56,"code":119322,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119324,119325,119345,119349,119359,119363],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119326,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119328,3211],{"class":382},[63,119330,386],{"class":270},[63,119332,3216],{"class":73},[63,119334,715],{"class":82},[63,119336,102],{"class":73},[63,119338,249],{"class":82},[63,119340,102],{"class":73},[63,119342,105],{"class":82},[63,119344,3229],{"class":73},[63,119346,119347],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119348,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119350,119351,119353,119355,119357],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,119352,3243],{"class":382},[63,119354,307],{"class":73},[63,119356,34421],{"class":181},[63,119358,8252],{"class":73},[63,119360,119361],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,119362,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119364,119365,119367,119369,119371],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,119366,70],{"class":69},[63,119368,74],{"class":73},[63,119370,3243],{"class":181},[63,119372,397],{"class":73},[20,119374,119375],{},[833,119376,110],{},[54,119378,119379],{"className":56,"code":54767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,119380,119381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119382,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119384,3497],{"class":73},[63,119386,674],{"class":82},[63,119388,102],{"class":73},[63,119390,105],{"class":82},[63,119392,102],{"class":73},[63,119394,518],{"class":82},[63,119396,3229],{"class":73},[20,119398,119399,119400,119403],{},"After calling ",[15,119401,119402],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119405,119406,119407,307],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[303,119408,13,119409,10352],{"href":74393},[15,119410,77485],{},[49,119412,119414],{"id":119413},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119416,119417],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119419,119420,119429],{},[33,119421,119422,119425,119426],{},[15,119423,119424],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[833,119427,119428],{},"new sorted list",[33,119430,119431,119434,119435,73950],{},[15,119432,119433],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119436,7948],{},[1193,119438,119440],{"id":119439},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[54,119442,119444],{"className":56,"code":119443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119445,119446,119466,119470,119484,119503,119522,119526,119536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119447,119448,119450,119452,119454,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119449,3211],{"class":382},[63,119451,386],{"class":270},[63,119453,3216],{"class":73},[63,119455,1750],{"class":82},[63,119457,102],{"class":73},[63,119459,105],{"class":82},[63,119461,102],{"class":73},[63,119463,2061],{"class":82},[63,119465,3229],{"class":73},[63,119467,119468],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119469,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119471,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,119473,2157],{"class":382},[63,119475,386],{"class":270},[63,119477,74176],{"class":69},[63,119479,74],{"class":73},[63,119481,3243],{"class":181},[63,119483,397],{"class":73},[63,119485,119486,119488,119490,119492,119495,119497,119499,119501],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,119487,70],{"class":69},[63,119489,74],{"class":73},[63,119491,2455],{"class":448},[63,119493,119494],{"class":452},"numbers after sorted():",[63,119496,2455],{"class":448},[63,119498,102],{"class":73},[63,119500,3862],{"class":181},[63,119502,397],{"class":73},[63,119504,119505,119507,119509,119511,119514,119516,119518,119520],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,119506,70],{"class":69},[63,119508,74],{"class":73},[63,119510,2455],{"class":448},[63,119512,119513],{"class":452},"a:",[63,119515,2455],{"class":448},[63,119517,102],{"class":73},[63,119519,56505],{"class":181},[63,119521,397],{"class":73},[63,119523,119524],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,119525,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119527,119528,119530,119532,119534],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,119529,3243],{"class":382},[63,119531,307],{"class":73},[63,119533,34421],{"class":181},[63,119535,8252],{"class":73},[63,119537,119538,119540,119542,119544,119547,119549,119551,119553],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,119539,70],{"class":69},[63,119541,74],{"class":73},[63,119543,2455],{"class":448},[63,119545,119546],{"class":452},"numbers after sort():",[63,119548,2455],{"class":448},[63,119550,102],{"class":73},[63,119552,3862],{"class":181},[63,119554,397],{"class":73},[20,119556,119557],{},[833,119558,110],{},[54,119560,119562],{"className":56,"code":119561,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119563,119564,119587,119607],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119565,119566,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119567,119568],{"class":382},"numbers after ",[63,119570,74132],{"class":69},[63,119572,29204],{"class":73},[63,119574,3216],{"class":73},[63,119576,1750],{"class":82},[63,119578,102],{"class":73},[63,119580,105],{"class":82},[63,119582,102],{"class":73},[63,119584,2061],{"class":82},[63,119586,3229],{"class":73},[63,119588,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119590,303],{"class":382},[63,119592,2482],{"class":73},[63,119594,3216],{"class":73},[63,119596,274],{"class":82},[63,119598,102],{"class":73},[63,119600,2061],{"class":82},[63,119602,102],{"class":73},[63,119604,4206],{"class":82},[63,119606,3229],{"class":73},[63,119608,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,119610,119568],{"class":382},[63,119612,34421],{"class":181},[63,119614,29204],{"class":73},[63,119616,3216],{"class":73},[63,119618,274],{"class":82},[63,119620,102],{"class":73},[63,119622,2061],{"class":82},[63,119624,102],{"class":73},[63,119626,4206],{"class":82},[63,119628,3229],{"class":73},[20,119630,934],{},[30,119632,119633,119638],{},[33,119634,119635,119637],{},[15,119636,74042],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,119639,119640,119642],{},[15,119641,63931],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[49,119644,1114,119646],{"id":119645},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119647,74042],{},[20,119649,128,119650,10213],{},[15,119651,74042],{},[30,119653,119654,119657,119659,119662],{},[33,119655,119656],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,119658,118426],{},[33,119660,119661],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,119663,119664],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1193,119666,119668],{"id":119667},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[54,119670,119672],{"className":56,"code":119671,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119673,119674,119698,119702,119716,119720,119730],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119675,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694,119696],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119677,3211],{"class":382},[63,119679,386],{"class":270},[63,119681,8846],{"class":73},[63,119683,952],{"class":82},[63,119685,102],{"class":73},[63,119687,249],{"class":82},[63,119689,102],{"class":73},[63,119691,518],{"class":82},[63,119693,102],{"class":73},[63,119695,105],{"class":82},[63,119697,397],{"class":73},[63,119699,119700],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119701,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,119705,383],{"class":382},[63,119707,386],{"class":270},[63,119709,74176],{"class":69},[63,119711,74],{"class":73},[63,119713,3243],{"class":181},[63,119715,397],{"class":73},[63,119717,119718],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,119719,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119721,119722,119724,119726,119728],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,119723,70],{"class":69},[63,119725,74],{"class":73},[63,119727,406],{"class":181},[63,119729,397],{"class":73},[63,119731,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,119733,70],{"class":69},[63,119735,74],{"class":73},[63,119737,418],{"class":417},[63,119739,74],{"class":73},[63,119741,406],{"class":181},[63,119743,86],{"class":73},[20,119745,119746],{},[833,119747,110],{},[54,119749,119751],{"className":56,"code":119750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119752,119753,119773],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119754,119755,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119756,3497],{"class":73},[63,119758,674],{"class":82},[63,119760,102],{"class":73},[63,119762,105],{"class":82},[63,119764,102],{"class":73},[63,119766,518],{"class":82},[63,119768,102],{"class":73},[63,119770,2061],{"class":82},[63,119772,3229],{"class":73},[63,119774,119775,119777,119779,119781,119783,119785],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119776,441],{"class":270},[63,119778,445],{"class":444},[63,119780,449],{"class":448},[63,119782,7702],{"class":452},[63,119784,456],{"class":448},[63,119786,459],{"class":270},[20,119788,1895,119789,119791,119792,307],{},[15,119790,74042],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[833,119793,7702],{},[20,119795,119796,119797,119799],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[303,119798,52388],{"href":50595}," is a helpful next step.",[49,119801,1114,119803],{"id":119802},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119804,77485],{},[20,119806,128,119807,10213],{},[15,119808,77485],{},[30,119810,119811,119814,119817,119820],{},[33,119812,119813],{},"you already have a list",[33,119815,119816],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,119818,119819],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,119821,119822],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1193,119824,119826],{"id":119825},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[54,119828,119830],{"className":56,"code":119829,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119831,119832,119864,119868,119878,119882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119833,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860,119862],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119835,4596],{"class":382},[63,119837,386],{"class":270},[63,119839,3216],{"class":73},[63,119841,2455],{"class":448},[63,119843,4623],{"class":452},[63,119845,2455],{"class":448},[63,119847,102],{"class":73},[63,119849,1375],{"class":448},[63,119851,4605],{"class":452},[63,119853,2455],{"class":448},[63,119855,102],{"class":73},[63,119857,1375],{"class":448},[63,119859,4614],{"class":452},[63,119861,2455],{"class":448},[63,119863,3229],{"class":73},[63,119865,119866],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,119867,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119869,119870,119872,119874,119876],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,119871,4640],{"class":382},[63,119873,307],{"class":73},[63,119875,34421],{"class":181},[63,119877,8252],{"class":73},[63,119879,119880],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,119881,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,119883,119884,119886,119888,119890],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,119885,70],{"class":69},[63,119887,74],{"class":73},[63,119889,4640],{"class":181},[63,119891,397],{"class":73},[20,119893,119894],{},[833,119895,110],{},[54,119897,119899],{"className":56,"code":119898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119900,119901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119902,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923,119925,119927],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119904,3497],{"class":73},[63,119906,456],{"class":448},[63,119908,4605],{"class":452},[63,119910,456],{"class":448},[63,119912,102],{"class":73},[63,119914,449],{"class":448},[63,119916,4614],{"class":452},[63,119918,456],{"class":448},[63,119920,102],{"class":73},[63,119922,449],{"class":448},[63,119924,4623],{"class":452},[63,119926,456],{"class":448},[63,119928,3229],{"class":73},[20,119930,119931],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119933,119934,119935,307],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[303,119936,79491],{"href":77994},[49,119938,119940,3993,119942,119944],{"id":119939},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119941,73195],{},[15,119943,14459],{}," work with both",[20,119946,10202,119947,3993,119949,119951],{},[15,119948,74042],{},[15,119950,77485],{}," support:",[30,119953,119954,119959],{},[33,119955,119956,119958],{},[15,119957,77709],{}," for descending order",[33,119960,119961,119964],{},[15,119962,119963],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119966,119967],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1193,119969,119971],{"id":119970},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[54,119973,119975],{"className":56,"code":119974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119976,119977,119997,120001,120023,120027,120045],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119978,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119980,3211],{"class":382},[63,119982,386],{"class":270},[63,119984,3216],{"class":73},[63,119986,715],{"class":82},[63,119988,102],{"class":73},[63,119990,249],{"class":82},[63,119992,102],{"class":73},[63,119994,105],{"class":82},[63,119996,3229],{"class":73},[63,119998,119999],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120000,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120002,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,120004,70],{"class":69},[63,120006,74],{"class":73},[63,120008,74132],{"class":69},[63,120010,74],{"class":73},[63,120012,3243],{"class":181},[63,120014,102],{"class":73},[63,120016,77688],{"class":8785},[63,120018,386],{"class":270},[63,120020,3196],{"class":3448},[63,120022,86],{"class":73},[63,120024,120025],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,120026,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120028,120029,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,120030,3243],{"class":382},[63,120032,307],{"class":73},[63,120034,34421],{"class":181},[63,120036,74],{"class":73},[63,120038,73195],{"class":8785},[63,120040,386],{"class":270},[63,120042,3196],{"class":3448},[63,120044,397],{"class":73},[63,120046,120047,120049,120051,120053],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,120048,70],{"class":69},[63,120050,74],{"class":73},[63,120052,3243],{"class":181},[63,120054,397],{"class":73},[20,120056,120057],{},[833,120058,110],{},[54,120060,120062],{"className":56,"code":120061,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120063,120064,120080],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120065,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120067,3497],{"class":73},[63,120069,715],{"class":82},[63,120071,102],{"class":73},[63,120073,105],{"class":82},[63,120075,102],{"class":73},[63,120077,249],{"class":82},[63,120079,3229],{"class":73},[63,120081,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120083,3497],{"class":73},[63,120085,715],{"class":82},[63,120087,102],{"class":73},[63,120089,105],{"class":82},[63,120091,102],{"class":73},[63,120093,249],{"class":82},[63,120095,3229],{"class":73},[1193,120097,120099],{"id":120098},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[54,120101,120103],{"className":56,"code":120102,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120104,120105,120137,120141,120167,120171,120193],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120106,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120108,3668],{"class":382},[63,120110,386],{"class":270},[63,120112,3216],{"class":73},[63,120114,2455],{"class":448},[63,120116,82981],{"class":452},[63,120118,2455],{"class":448},[63,120120,102],{"class":73},[63,120122,1375],{"class":448},[63,120124,3677],{"class":452},[63,120126,2455],{"class":448},[63,120128,102],{"class":73},[63,120130,1375],{"class":448},[63,120132,118291],{"class":452},[63,120134,2455],{"class":448},[63,120136,3229],{"class":73},[63,120138,120139],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120140,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120142,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,120144,70],{"class":69},[63,120146,74],{"class":73},[63,120148,74132],{"class":69},[63,120150,74],{"class":73},[63,120152,3712],{"class":181},[63,120154,102],{"class":73},[63,120156,21199],{"class":8785},[63,120158,386],{"class":270},[63,120160,3037],{"class":417},[63,120162,307],{"class":73},[63,120164,8249],{"class":24370},[63,120166,86],{"class":73},[63,120168,120169],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,120170,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120172,120173,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,120174,3712],{"class":382},[63,120176,307],{"class":73},[63,120178,34421],{"class":181},[63,120180,74],{"class":73},[63,120182,14459],{"class":8785},[63,120184,386],{"class":270},[63,120186,3037],{"class":417},[63,120188,307],{"class":73},[63,120190,8249],{"class":24370},[63,120192,397],{"class":73},[63,120194,120195,120197,120199,120201],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,120196,70],{"class":69},[63,120198,74],{"class":73},[63,120200,3712],{"class":181},[63,120202,397],{"class":73},[20,120204,120205],{},[833,120206,110],{},[54,120208,120210],{"className":56,"code":120209,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120211,120212,120240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120213,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120215,3497],{"class":73},[63,120217,456],{"class":448},[63,120219,3677],{"class":452},[63,120221,456],{"class":448},[63,120223,102],{"class":73},[63,120225,449],{"class":448},[63,120227,82981],{"class":452},[63,120229,456],{"class":448},[63,120231,102],{"class":73},[63,120233,449],{"class":448},[63,120235,118291],{"class":452},[63,120237,456],{"class":448},[63,120239,3229],{"class":73},[63,120241,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120243,3497],{"class":73},[63,120245,456],{"class":448},[63,120247,3677],{"class":452},[63,120249,456],{"class":448},[63,120251,102],{"class":73},[63,120253,449],{"class":448},[63,120255,82981],{"class":452},[63,120257,456],{"class":448},[63,120259,102],{"class":73},[63,120261,449],{"class":448},[63,120263,118291],{"class":452},[63,120265,456],{"class":448},[63,120267,3229],{"class":73},[20,120269,311,120270,120272],{},[15,120271,78203],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120274,120275,120276,307],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[303,120277,120279],{"href":120278},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[49,120281,120283],{"id":120282},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120285,120286],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1193,120288,120290,120291,12213],{"id":120289},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120292,77485],{},[20,120294,120295],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[54,120297,120299],{"className":56,"code":120298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120300,120301,120321,120325,120339,120343,120353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120302,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120304,3211],{"class":382},[63,120306,386],{"class":270},[63,120308,3216],{"class":73},[63,120310,715],{"class":82},[63,120312,102],{"class":73},[63,120314,249],{"class":82},[63,120316,102],{"class":73},[63,120318,105],{"class":82},[63,120320,3229],{"class":73},[63,120322,120323],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120324,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120326,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,120328,383],{"class":382},[63,120330,386],{"class":270},[63,120332,3862],{"class":382},[63,120334,307],{"class":73},[63,120336,34421],{"class":181},[63,120338,8252],{"class":73},[63,120340,120341],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,120342,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120344,120345,120347,120349,120351],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,120346,70],{"class":69},[63,120348,74],{"class":73},[63,120350,406],{"class":181},[63,120352,397],{"class":73},[63,120354,120355,120357,120359,120361],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,120356,70],{"class":69},[63,120358,74],{"class":73},[63,120360,3243],{"class":181},[63,120362,397],{"class":73},[20,120364,120365],{},[833,120366,110],{},[54,120368,120369],{"className":56,"code":78826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,120370,120371,120375],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120372,120373],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120374,11423],{"class":3448},[63,120376,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120378,3497],{"class":73},[63,120380,674],{"class":82},[63,120382,102],{"class":73},[63,120384,105],{"class":82},[63,120386,102],{"class":73},[63,120388,518],{"class":82},[63,120390,3229],{"class":73},[20,120392,11515],{},[30,120394,120395,120400,120405],{},[33,120396,120397,120399],{},[15,120398,119402],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120401,34637,120402,120404],{},[833,120403,973],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120406,89605,120407,41772,120409],{},[15,120408,406],{},[15,120410,3373],{},[1193,120412,120414,120415,120417],{"id":120413},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120416,74042],{}," to change the original list",[54,120419,120421],{"className":56,"code":120420,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120422,120423,120443,120447,120457,120461],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120424,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120426,3211],{"class":382},[63,120428,386],{"class":270},[63,120430,3216],{"class":73},[63,120432,715],{"class":82},[63,120434,102],{"class":73},[63,120436,249],{"class":82},[63,120438,102],{"class":73},[63,120440,105],{"class":82},[63,120442,3229],{"class":73},[63,120444,120445],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120446,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120448,120449,120451,120453,120455],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,120450,74132],{"class":69},[63,120452,74],{"class":73},[63,120454,3243],{"class":181},[63,120456,397],{"class":73},[63,120458,120459],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,120460,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120462,120463,120465,120467,120469],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,120464,70],{"class":69},[63,120466,74],{"class":73},[63,120468,3243],{"class":181},[63,120470,397],{"class":73},[20,120472,120473],{},[833,120474,110],{},[54,120476,120477],{"className":56,"code":118623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,120478,120479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120480,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120482,3497],{"class":73},[63,120484,715],{"class":82},[63,120486,102],{"class":73},[63,120488,249],{"class":82},[63,120490,102],{"class":73},[63,120492,105],{"class":82},[63,120494,3229],{"class":73},[20,120496,120497,120500],{},[15,120498,120499],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120502,10419],{},[54,120504,120506],{"className":56,"code":120505,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120507,120508,120528,120532,120546,120550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120509,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522,120524,120526],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120511,3211],{"class":382},[63,120513,386],{"class":270},[63,120515,3216],{"class":73},[63,120517,715],{"class":82},[63,120519,102],{"class":73},[63,120521,249],{"class":82},[63,120523,102],{"class":73},[63,120525,105],{"class":82},[63,120527,3229],{"class":73},[63,120529,120530],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120531,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120533,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,120535,55259],{"class":382},[63,120537,386],{"class":270},[63,120539,74176],{"class":69},[63,120541,74],{"class":73},[63,120543,3243],{"class":181},[63,120545,397],{"class":73},[63,120547,120548],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,120549,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120551,120552,120554,120556,120558],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,120553,70],{"class":69},[63,120555,74],{"class":73},[63,120557,55278],{"class":181},[63,120559,397],{"class":73},[1193,120561,120563,120564,120566],{"id":120562},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120565,63931],{}," on a tuple or string",[54,120568,120569],{"className":56,"code":78928,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,120570,120571,120583],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120572,120573,120575,120577,120579,120581],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120574,1370],{"class":382},[63,120576,386],{"class":270},[63,120578,1375],{"class":448},[63,120580,58],{"class":452},[63,120582,1381],{"class":448},[63,120584,120585,120587,120589,120591],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120586,1396],{"class":382},[63,120588,307],{"class":73},[63,120590,34421],{"class":181},[63,120592,8252],{"class":73},[20,120594,120595,120596,33223],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120597,63931],{},[20,120599,120600,120602],{},[15,120601,63931],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120604,120605,120606,120608,120609,307],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120607,74042],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[303,120610,4738],{"href":5188},[1193,120612,120614,120615,118660],{"id":120613},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120616,74042],{},[54,120618,120620],{"className":56,"code":120619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120621,120622,120635,120649,120653,120663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120623,120624,120626,120628,120630,120633],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120625,1370],{"class":382},[63,120627,386],{"class":270},[63,120629,1375],{"class":448},[63,120631,120632],{"class":452},"cab",[63,120634,1381],{"class":448},[63,120636,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120638,383],{"class":382},[63,120640,386],{"class":270},[63,120642,74176],{"class":69},[63,120644,74],{"class":73},[63,120646,1396],{"class":181},[63,120648,397],{"class":73},[63,120650,120651],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,120652,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,120654,120655,120657,120659,120661],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,120656,70],{"class":69},[63,120658,74],{"class":73},[63,120660,406],{"class":181},[63,120662,397],{"class":73},[63,120664,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,120666,70],{"class":69},[63,120668,74],{"class":73},[63,120670,418],{"class":417},[63,120672,74],{"class":73},[63,120674,406],{"class":181},[63,120676,86],{"class":73},[20,120678,120679],{},[833,120680,110],{},[54,120682,120684],{"className":56,"code":120683,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120685,120686,120714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120689,3497],{"class":73},[63,120691,456],{"class":448},[63,120693,303],{"class":452},[63,120695,456],{"class":448},[63,120697,102],{"class":73},[63,120699,449],{"class":448},[63,120701,4362],{"class":452},[63,120703,456],{"class":448},[63,120705,102],{"class":73},[63,120707,449],{"class":448},[63,120709,9350],{"class":452},[63,120711,456],{"class":448},[63,120713,3229],{"class":73},[63,120715,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120717,441],{"class":270},[63,120719,445],{"class":444},[63,120721,449],{"class":448},[63,120723,7702],{"class":452},[63,120725,456],{"class":448},[63,120727,459],{"class":270},[20,120729,120730],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[49,120732,113181],{"id":113180},[20,120734,120735],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,120737,120738,120741,120746,120751,120757],{},[33,120739,120740],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,120742,120743,120744,53261],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120745,63931],{},[33,120747,120748,120749,12213],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120750,77485],{},[33,120752,120753,120754,120756],{},"trying to use ",[15,120755,63931],{}," on non-list data types",[33,120758,50121,120759,120761],{},[15,120760,74042],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120763,120764],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,120766,120768],{"className":56,"code":120767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120769,120770,120780,120794,120819,120834,120844],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120771,120772,120774,120776,120778],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120773,70],{"class":69},[63,120775,74],{"class":73},[63,120777,7948],{"class":181},[63,120779,397],{"class":73},[63,120781,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,120783,70],{"class":69},[63,120785,74],{"class":73},[63,120787,74132],{"class":69},[63,120789,74],{"class":73},[63,120791,7948],{"class":181},[63,120793,86],{"class":73},[63,120795,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120811,120813,120815,120817],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,120797,383],{"class":382},[63,120799,386],{"class":270},[63,120801,8005],{"class":382},[63,120803,307],{"class":73},[63,120805,34421],{"class":181},[63,120807,6971],{"class":73},[63,120809,120810],{"class":382},"; ",[63,120812,70],{"class":69},[63,120814,74],{"class":73},[63,120816,406],{"class":181},[63,120818,397],{"class":73},[63,120820,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829,120832],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,120822,70],{"class":69},[63,120824,74],{"class":73},[63,120826,418],{"class":417},[63,120828,74],{"class":73},[63,120830,120831],{"class":181},"my_data",[63,120833,86],{"class":73},[63,120835,120836,120838,120840,120842],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,120837,31774],{"class":69},[63,120839,74],{"class":73},[63,120841,74132],{"class":69},[63,120843,397],{"class":73},[63,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,120847,31774],{"class":69},[63,120849,74],{"class":73},[63,120851,7702],{"class":417},[63,120853,307],{"class":73},[63,120855,34421],{"class":24370},[63,120857,397],{"class":73},[20,120859,83991],{},[30,120861,120862,120865,120869,120877],{},[33,120863,120864],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,120866,25639,120867,11320],{},[15,120868,74042],{},[33,120870,120871,120872,120874,120875],{},"whether ",[15,120873,63931],{}," returned ",[15,120876,3373],{},[33,120878,120879],{},"what type of object you are working with",[49,120881,120883],{"id":120882},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120885,120886],{},"Use this rule:",[30,120888,120889,120897],{},[33,120890,120891,120892,120894,120895],{},"Need a ",[833,120893,118985],{},": use ",[15,120896,74042],{},[33,120898,120899,120900,120894,120903],{},"Need to ",[833,120901,120902],{},"change one list directly",[15,120904,77485],{},[20,120906,120907,120908,120910],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120909,74042],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[49,120912,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,120914,120916,120917,632,120919,1506],{"id":120915},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120918,74042],{},[15,120920,77485],{},[20,120922,120923,120925],{},[15,120924,74042],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1193,120927,4760,120929,4763,120931,1506],{"id":120928},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120930,77485],{},[15,120932,3373],{},[20,120934,120935],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1193,120937,1482,120939,120941],{"id":120938},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120940,74042],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120943,120944],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1193,120946,1499,120948,120950],{"id":120947},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120949,63931],{}," on a string?",[20,120952,45983,120953,120955,120956,39556],{},[15,120954,63931],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120957,120958],{},"sorted(string)",[1193,120960,11434,120962,3993,120964,120966],{"id":120961},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120963,74042],{},[15,120965,63931],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120968,120969,120970,307],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120971,77709],{},[49,120973,1517],{"id":1516},[30,120975,120976,120982,120988,120992,120996],{},[33,120977,120978],{},[303,120979,13,120980,469],{"href":74139},[15,120981,74042],{},[33,120983,120984],{},[303,120985,13,120986,10352],{"href":74393},[15,120987,77485],{},[33,120989,120990],{},[303,120991,79491],{"href":77994},[33,120993,120994],{},[303,120995,120279],{"href":120278},[33,120997,120998],{},[303,120999,52388],{"href":50595},[1542,121001,121002],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":121004},[121005,121006,121007,121011,121015,121018,121022,121026,121031,121041,121042,121043,121055],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":119073,"depth":89,"text":119074},{"id":117176,"depth":89,"text":118898,"children":121008},[121009],{"id":119140,"depth":254,"text":121010},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77551,"depth":89,"text":79513,"children":121012},[121013],{"id":119317,"depth":254,"text":121014},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119413,"depth":89,"text":119414,"children":121016},[121017],{"id":119439,"depth":254,"text":119440},{"id":119645,"depth":89,"text":121019,"children":121020},"When to use sorted()",[121021],{"id":119667,"depth":254,"text":119668},{"id":119802,"depth":89,"text":121023,"children":121024},"When to use list.sort()",[121025],{"id":119825,"depth":254,"text":119826},{"id":119939,"depth":89,"text":121027,"children":121028},"reverse and key work with both",[121029,121030],{"id":119970,"depth":254,"text":119971},{"id":120098,"depth":254,"text":120099},{"id":120282,"depth":89,"text":120283,"children":121032},[121033,121035,121037,121039],{"id":120289,"depth":254,"text":121034},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120413,"depth":254,"text":121036},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120562,"depth":254,"text":121038},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120613,"depth":254,"text":121040},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113180,"depth":89,"text":113181},{"id":120882,"depth":89,"text":120883},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":121044},[121045,121047,121049,121051,121053],{"id":120915,"depth":254,"text":121046},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120928,"depth":254,"text":121048},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120938,"depth":254,"text":121050},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120947,"depth":254,"text":121052},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120961,"depth":254,"text":121054},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118944,"description":121056},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121062,"title":41793,"body":121063,"description":122795,"extension":1580,"meta":122796,"navigation":579,"path":122797,"seo":122798,"stem":122799,"__hash__":122800},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121064,"toc":122752},[121065,121070,121075,121081,121083,121138,121142,121165,121170,121175,121180,121182,121213,121216,121230,121232,121234,121249,121254,121258,121261,121312,121316,121330,121337,121341,121345,121400,121404,121427,121431,121487,121491,121514,121518,121573,121577,121600,121604,121671,121675,121710,121716,121721,121726,121728,121742,121744,121818,121822,121842,121847,121854,121857,121869,121871,121940,121944,121981,121984,122009,122016,122025,122028,122040,122046,122052,122054,122060,122065,122144,122148,122189,122193,122195,122222,122225,122248,122251,122257,122260,122297,122309,122316,122318,122369,122372,122404,122407,122409,122416,122418,122433,122435,122492,122496,122520,122522,122527,122543,122550,122554,122557,122640,122650,122652,122657,122660,122666,122669,122675,122678,122684,122687,122694,122702,122704,122749],[10,121066,13,121068,18],{"id":121067},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121069,47300],{},[20,121071,31939,121072,121074],{},[15,121073,47300],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121076,121077,121078,121080],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121079,47300],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[49,121082,52],{"id":51},[54,121084,121086],{"className":56,"code":121085,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121087,121088,121096,121110,121114,121124],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121089,121090,121092,121094],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121091,21248],{"class":382},[63,121093,386],{"class":270},[63,121095,44843],{"class":82},[63,121097,121098,121100,121102,121104,121106,121108],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121099,1370],{"class":382},[63,121101,386],{"class":270},[63,121103,48519],{"class":417},[63,121105,74],{"class":73},[63,121107,8909],{"class":181},[63,121109,397],{"class":73},[63,121111,121112],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121113,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,121115,121116,121118,121120,121122],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,121117,70],{"class":69},[63,121119,74],{"class":73},[63,121121,1396],{"class":181},[63,121123,397],{"class":73},[63,121125,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134,121136],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,121127,70],{"class":69},[63,121129,74],{"class":73},[63,121131,418],{"class":417},[63,121133,74],{"class":73},[63,121135,1396],{"class":181},[63,121137,86],{"class":73},[20,121139,121140],{},[833,121141,110],{},[54,121143,121145],{"className":56,"code":121144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121146,121147,121151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121148,121149],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121150,2310],{"class":82},[63,121152,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161,121163],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121154,441],{"class":270},[63,121156,445],{"class":444},[63,121158,449],{"class":448},[63,121160,3037],{"class":452},[63,121162,456],{"class":448},[63,121164,459],{"class":270},[20,121166,128,121167,121169],{},[15,121168,47300],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[49,121171,138,121173,141],{"id":121172},"what-str-does",[15,121174,47300],{},[20,121176,121177,121179],{},[15,121178,47300],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121181,1721],{},[30,121183,121184,121191,121198,121205],{},[33,121185,121186,121187,41772,121189],{},"An integer like ",[15,121188,1940],{},[15,121190,41743],{},[33,121192,121193,121194,41772,121196],{},"A float like ",[15,121195,1378],{},[15,121197,1505],{},[33,121199,121200,121201,41772,121203],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121202,3196],{},[15,121204,6245],{},[33,121206,121207,121208,41772,121210],{},"A list like ",[15,121209,74864],{},[15,121211,121212],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121214,121215],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121217,121218,121221,121224,121227],{},[33,121219,121220],{},"print it",[33,121222,121223],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121225,121226],{},"save it to a file",[33,121228,121229],{},"use it in messages",[49,121231,164],{"id":163},[20,121233,6823],{},[54,121235,121237],{"className":56,"code":121236,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"str(object)\n",[15,121238,121239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121240,121241,121243,121245,121247],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121242,3037],{"class":417},[63,121244,74],{"class":73},[63,121246,42015],{"class":417},[63,121248,397],{"class":73},[20,121250,20390,121251,121253],{},[15,121252,42015],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121255,121256,7834],{},[15,121257,47300],{},[20,121259,121260],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[54,121262,121264],{"className":56,"code":121263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121265,121266,121275,121298,121302],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121267,121268,121270,121272],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121269,4697],{"class":382},[63,121271,386],{"class":270},[63,121273,121274],{"class":82}," 100\n",[63,121276,121277,121279,121281,121283,121286,121288,121290,121292,121294,121296],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121278,89625],{"class":382},[63,121280,386],{"class":270},[63,121282,1375],{"class":448},[63,121284,121285],{"class":452},"Your score is ",[63,121287,2455],{"class":448},[63,121289,2058],{"class":270},[63,121291,48519],{"class":417},[63,121293,74],{"class":73},[63,121295,85138],{"class":181},[63,121297,397],{"class":73},[63,121299,121300],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121301,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,121303,121304,121306,121308,121310],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,121305,70],{"class":69},[63,121307,74],{"class":73},[63,121309,89642],{"class":181},[63,121311,397],{"class":73},[20,121313,121314],{},[833,121315,110],{},[54,121317,121319],{"className":56,"code":121318,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121320,121321],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121322,121323,121326,121328],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121324,121325],{"class":382},"Your score ",[63,121327,11809],{"class":270},[63,121329,121274],{"class":82},[20,121331,1905,121332,121336],{},[303,121333,121334,1912],{"href":1908},[15,121335,1911],{}," can help you check.",[49,121338,121340],{"id":121339},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1193,121342,121344],{"id":121343},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[54,121346,121348],{"className":56,"code":121347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121349,121350,121358,121372,121376,121386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121351,121352,121354,121356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121353,1386],{"class":382},[63,121355,386],{"class":270},[63,121357,2190],{"class":82},[63,121359,121360,121362,121364,121366,121368,121370],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121361,1370],{"class":382},[63,121363,386],{"class":270},[63,121365,48519],{"class":417},[63,121367,74],{"class":73},[63,121369,182],{"class":181},[63,121371,397],{"class":73},[63,121373,121374],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121375,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,121377,121378,121380,121382,121384],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,121379,70],{"class":69},[63,121381,74],{"class":73},[63,121383,1396],{"class":181},[63,121385,397],{"class":73},[63,121387,121388,121390,121392,121394,121396,121398],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,121389,70],{"class":69},[63,121391,74],{"class":73},[63,121393,418],{"class":417},[63,121395,74],{"class":73},[63,121397,1396],{"class":181},[63,121399,86],{"class":73},[20,121401,121402],{},[833,121403,110],{},[54,121405,121407],{"className":56,"code":121406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121408,121409,121413],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121410,121411],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121412,436],{"class":82},[63,121414,121415,121417,121419,121421,121423,121425],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121416,441],{"class":270},[63,121418,445],{"class":444},[63,121420,449],{"class":448},[63,121422,3037],{"class":452},[63,121424,456],{"class":448},[63,121426,459],{"class":270},[1193,121428,121430],{"id":121429},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[54,121432,121434],{"className":56,"code":121433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121435,121436,121445,121459,121463,121473],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121437,121438,121440,121442],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121439,549],{"class":382},[63,121441,386],{"class":270},[63,121443,121444],{"class":82}," 3.14\n",[63,121446,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121448,1370],{"class":382},[63,121450,386],{"class":270},[63,121452,48519],{"class":417},[63,121454,74],{"class":73},[63,121456,568],{"class":181},[63,121458,397],{"class":73},[63,121460,121461],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121462,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,121464,121465,121467,121469,121471],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,121466,70],{"class":69},[63,121468,74],{"class":73},[63,121470,1396],{"class":181},[63,121472,397],{"class":73},[63,121474,121475,121477,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,121476,70],{"class":69},[63,121478,74],{"class":73},[63,121480,418],{"class":417},[63,121482,74],{"class":73},[63,121484,1396],{"class":181},[63,121486,86],{"class":73},[20,121488,121489],{},[833,121490,110],{},[54,121492,121494],{"className":56,"code":121493,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121495,121496,121500],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121497,121498],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121499,125],{"class":82},[63,121501,121502,121504,121506,121508,121510,121512],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121503,441],{"class":270},[63,121505,445],{"class":444},[63,121507,449],{"class":448},[63,121509,3037],{"class":452},[63,121511,456],{"class":448},[63,121513,459],{"class":270},[1193,121515,121517],{"id":121516},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[54,121519,121521],{"className":56,"code":121520,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121522,121523,121531,121545,121549,121559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121524,121525,121527,121529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121526,984],{"class":382},[63,121528,386],{"class":270},[63,121530,6026],{"class":3448},[63,121532,121533,121535,121537,121539,121541,121543],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121534,1370],{"class":382},[63,121536,386],{"class":270},[63,121538,48519],{"class":417},[63,121540,74],{"class":73},[63,121542,1002],{"class":181},[63,121544,397],{"class":73},[63,121546,121547],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121548,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,121550,121551,121553,121555,121557],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,121552,70],{"class":69},[63,121554,74],{"class":73},[63,121556,1396],{"class":181},[63,121558,397],{"class":73},[63,121560,121561,121563,121565,121567,121569,121571],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,121562,70],{"class":69},[63,121564,74],{"class":73},[63,121566,418],{"class":417},[63,121568,74],{"class":73},[63,121570,1396],{"class":181},[63,121572,86],{"class":73},[20,121574,121575],{},[833,121576,110],{},[54,121578,121580],{"className":56,"code":121579,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121581,121582,121586],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121583,121584],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121585,3577],{"class":3448},[63,121587,121588,121590,121592,121594,121596,121598],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121589,441],{"class":270},[63,121591,445],{"class":444},[63,121593,449],{"class":448},[63,121595,3037],{"class":452},[63,121597,456],{"class":448},[63,121599,459],{"class":270},[1193,121601,121603],{"id":121602},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[54,121605,121607],{"className":56,"code":121606,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121608,121609,121629,121643,121647,121657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121610,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619,121621,121623,121625,121627],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121612,7386],{"class":382},[63,121614,386],{"class":270},[63,121616,3216],{"class":73},[63,121618,674],{"class":82},[63,121620,102],{"class":73},[63,121622,105],{"class":82},[63,121624,102],{"class":73},[63,121626,518],{"class":82},[63,121628,3229],{"class":73},[63,121630,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121632,1370],{"class":382},[63,121634,386],{"class":270},[63,121636,48519],{"class":417},[63,121638,74],{"class":73},[63,121640,7417],{"class":181},[63,121642,397],{"class":73},[63,121644,121645],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121646,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,121648,121649,121651,121653,121655],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,121650,70],{"class":69},[63,121652,74],{"class":73},[63,121654,1396],{"class":181},[63,121656,397],{"class":73},[63,121658,121659,121661,121663,121665,121667,121669],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,121660,70],{"class":69},[63,121662,74],{"class":73},[63,121664,418],{"class":417},[63,121666,74],{"class":73},[63,121668,1396],{"class":181},[63,121670,86],{"class":73},[20,121672,121673],{},[833,121674,110],{},[54,121676,121678],{"className":56,"code":121677,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121679,121680,121696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121681,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690,121692,121694],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121683,3497],{"class":73},[63,121685,674],{"class":82},[63,121687,102],{"class":73},[63,121689,105],{"class":82},[63,121691,102],{"class":73},[63,121693,518],{"class":82},[63,121695,3229],{"class":73},[63,121697,121698,121700,121702,121704,121706,121708],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121699,441],{"class":270},[63,121701,445],{"class":444},[63,121703,449],{"class":448},[63,121705,3037],{"class":452},[63,121707,456],{"class":448},[63,121709,459],{"class":270},[20,121711,121712,121713,121715],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[833,121714,973],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[49,121717,1114,121719],{"id":121718},"when-to-use-str",[15,121720,47300],{},[20,121722,128,121723,121725],{},[15,121724,47300],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121727,36050],{},[30,121729,121730,121733,121736,121739],{},[33,121731,121732],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,121734,121735],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,121737,121738],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,121740,121741],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121743,1820],{},[54,121745,121747],{"className":56,"code":121746,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121748,121749,121761,121769,121773,121808],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121750,121751,121753,121755,121757,121759],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121752,7484],{"class":382},[63,121754,386],{"class":270},[63,121756,1375],{"class":448},[63,121758,11123],{"class":452},[63,121760,1381],{"class":448},[63,121762,121763,121765,121767],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121764,21248],{"class":382},[63,121766,386],{"class":270},[63,121768,44843],{"class":82},[63,121770,121771],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121772,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,121774,121775,121777,121779,121781,121783,121785,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795,121797,121799,121801,121803,121806],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,121776,89625],{"class":382},[63,121778,386],{"class":270},[63,121780,35592],{"class":382},[63,121782,1675],{"class":270},[63,121784,1375],{"class":448},[63,121786,4385],{"class":452},[63,121788,2455],{"class":448},[63,121790,2058],{"class":270},[63,121792,48519],{"class":417},[63,121794,74],{"class":73},[63,121796,8909],{"class":181},[63,121798,3256],{"class":73},[63,121800,2058],{"class":270},[63,121802,1375],{"class":448},[63,121804,121805],{"class":452}," years old.",[63,121807,1381],{"class":448},[63,121809,121810,121812,121814,121816],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,121811,70],{"class":69},[63,121813,74],{"class":73},[63,121815,89642],{"class":181},[63,121817,397],{"class":73},[20,121819,121820],{},[833,121821,110],{},[54,121823,121825],{"className":56,"code":121824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121826,121827],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121828,121829,121832,121834,121836,121839],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121830,121831],{"class":382},"Maya ",[63,121833,11809],{"class":270},[63,121835,8916],{"class":82},[63,121837,121838],{"class":382}," years old",[63,121840,121841],{"class":73},".\n",[20,121843,121844,121845,307],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[303,121846,89311],{"href":89310},[49,121848,121850,10197,121852],{"id":121849},"str-vs-print",[15,121851,47300],{},[15,121853,46070],{},[20,121855,121856],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,121858,121859,121864],{},[33,121860,121861,121863],{},[15,121862,47300],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,121865,121866,121868],{},[15,121867,46070],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121870,1820],{},[54,121872,121874],{"className":56,"code":121873,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121875,121876,121884,121888,121902,121912,121926],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121877,121878,121880,121882],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121879,984],{"class":382},[63,121881,386],{"class":270},[63,121883,2370],{"class":82},[63,121885,121886],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121887,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,121889,121890,121892,121894,121896,121898,121900],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121891,1370],{"class":382},[63,121893,386],{"class":270},[63,121895,48519],{"class":417},[63,121897,74],{"class":73},[63,121899,1002],{"class":181},[63,121901,397],{"class":73},[63,121903,121904,121906,121908,121910],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,121905,70],{"class":69},[63,121907,74],{"class":73},[63,121909,1396],{"class":181},[63,121911,397],{"class":73},[63,121913,121914,121916,121918,121920,121922,121924],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,121915,70],{"class":69},[63,121917,74],{"class":73},[63,121919,418],{"class":417},[63,121921,74],{"class":73},[63,121923,1396],{"class":181},[63,121925,86],{"class":73},[63,121927,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936,121938],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,121929,70],{"class":69},[63,121931,74],{"class":73},[63,121933,418],{"class":417},[63,121935,74],{"class":73},[63,121937,1002],{"class":181},[63,121939,86],{"class":73},[20,121941,121942],{},[833,121943,110],{},[54,121945,121947],{"className":56,"code":121946,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121948,121949,121953,121967],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121950,121951],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121952,46230],{"class":82},[63,121954,121955,121957,121959,121961,121963,121965],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,121956,441],{"class":270},[63,121958,445],{"class":444},[63,121960,449],{"class":448},[63,121962,3037],{"class":452},[63,121964,456],{"class":448},[63,121966,459],{"class":270},[63,121968,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,121970,441],{"class":270},[63,121972,445],{"class":444},[63,121974,449],{"class":448},[63,121976,453],{"class":452},[63,121978,456],{"class":448},[63,121980,459],{"class":270},[20,121982,121983],{},"Notice:",[30,121985,121986,121992,121997],{},[33,121987,121988,121991],{},[15,121989,121990],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,121993,121994,121996],{},[15,121995,46070],{}," only displayed values",[33,121998,121999,122001,122002,122004,122005,60920,122007],{},[15,122000,46070],{}," did not change ",[15,122003,1002],{}," from ",[15,122006,453],{},[15,122008,3037],{},[20,122010,122011,122012,307],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[303,122013,122014,1912],{"href":46067},[15,122015,46070],{},[49,122017,122019,10197,122021,122024],{"id":122018},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122020,47300],{},[15,122022,122023],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122026,122027],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122029,122030,122035],{},[33,122031,122032,122034],{},[15,122033,47300],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122036,122037,122039],{},[15,122038,122023],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122041,122042,122043,122045],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122044,47300],{}," much more often.",[20,122047,122048,122049,122051],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122050,47300],{}," is usually the right choice.",[49,122053,4119],{"id":4118},[1193,122055,25394,122057,122059],{"id":122056},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122058,47300],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122061,122062,122064],{},[15,122063,47300],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[54,122066,122068],{"className":56,"code":122067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122069,122070,122078,122092,122096,122106,122120,122130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122071,122072,122074,122076],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122073,21248],{"class":382},[63,122075,386],{"class":270},[63,122077,44843],{"class":82},[63,122079,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122081,1370],{"class":382},[63,122083,386],{"class":270},[63,122085,48519],{"class":417},[63,122087,74],{"class":73},[63,122089,8909],{"class":181},[63,122091,397],{"class":73},[63,122093,122094],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,122095,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,122097,122098,122100,122102,122104],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,122099,70],{"class":69},[63,122101,74],{"class":73},[63,122103,8909],{"class":181},[63,122105,397],{"class":73},[63,122107,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116,122118],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,122109,70],{"class":69},[63,122111,74],{"class":73},[63,122113,418],{"class":417},[63,122115,74],{"class":73},[63,122117,8909],{"class":181},[63,122119,86],{"class":73},[63,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,122123,70],{"class":69},[63,122125,74],{"class":73},[63,122127,1396],{"class":181},[63,122129,397],{"class":73},[63,122131,122132,122134,122136,122138,122140,122142],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,122133,70],{"class":69},[63,122135,74],{"class":73},[63,122137,418],{"class":417},[63,122139,74],{"class":73},[63,122141,1396],{"class":181},[63,122143,86],{"class":73},[20,122145,122146],{},[833,122147,110],{},[54,122149,122151],{"className":56,"code":122150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122152,122153,122157,122171,122175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122154,122155],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122156,2310],{"class":82},[63,122158,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122160,441],{"class":270},[63,122162,445],{"class":444},[63,122164,449],{"class":448},[63,122166,453],{"class":452},[63,122168,456],{"class":448},[63,122170,459],{"class":270},[63,122172,122173],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,122174,2310],{"class":82},[63,122176,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,122178,441],{"class":270},[63,122180,445],{"class":444},[63,122182,449],{"class":448},[63,122184,3037],{"class":452},[63,122186,456],{"class":448},[63,122188,459],{"class":270},[1193,122190,122192],{"id":122191},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122194,6292],{},[54,122196,122198],{"className":56,"code":122197,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122199,122200,122208],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122201,122202,122204,122206],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122203,21248],{"class":382},[63,122205,386],{"class":270},[63,122207,44843],{"class":82},[63,122209,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122211,1370],{"class":382},[63,122213,386],{"class":270},[63,122215,48519],{"class":417},[63,122217,74],{"class":73},[63,122219,8909],{"class":181},[63,122221,397],{"class":73},[20,122223,122224],{},"But if you only do this:",[54,122226,122228],{"className":56,"code":122227,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122229,122230,122238],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122231,122232,122234,122236],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122233,21248],{"class":382},[63,122235,386],{"class":270},[63,122237,44843],{"class":82},[63,122239,122240,122242,122244,122246],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122241,3037],{"class":417},[63,122243,74],{"class":73},[63,122245,8909],{"class":181},[63,122247,397],{"class":73},[20,122249,122250],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1193,122252,311,122254,122256],{"id":122253},"using-str-too-early",[15,122255,47300],{}," too early",[20,122258,122259],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[54,122261,122263],{"className":56,"code":122262,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122264,122265,122273,122288,122292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122266,122267,122269,122271],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122268,549],{"class":382},[63,122270,386],{"class":270},[63,122272,2190],{"class":82},[63,122274,122275,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122276,122277],{"class":382},"text_price ",[63,122279,386],{"class":270},[63,122281,48519],{"class":417},[63,122283,74],{"class":73},[63,122285,568],{"class":181},[63,122287,397],{"class":73},[63,122289,122290],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,122291,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,122293,122294],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,122295,122296],{"class":1357},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122298,122299,122300,632,122304,122308],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[303,122301,122302],{"href":465},[15,122303,468],{},[303,122305,122306],{"href":635},[15,122307,638],{},", depending on the situation.",[1193,122310,1196,122312,122315],{"id":122311},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122313,122314],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122317,64263],{},[54,122319,122321],{"className":56,"code":122320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122322,122323,122355],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122324,122325,122327,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337,122339,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351,122353],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122326,7386],{"class":382},[63,122328,386],{"class":270},[63,122330,3216],{"class":73},[63,122332,2455],{"class":448},[63,122334,3677],{"class":452},[63,122336,2455],{"class":448},[63,122338,102],{"class":73},[63,122340,1375],{"class":448},[63,122342,3686],{"class":452},[63,122344,2455],{"class":448},[63,122346,102],{"class":73},[63,122348,1375],{"class":448},[63,122350,32843],{"class":452},[63,122352,2455],{"class":448},[63,122354,3229],{"class":73},[63,122356,122357,122359,122361,122363,122365,122367],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122358,70],{"class":69},[63,122360,74],{"class":73},[63,122362,3037],{"class":417},[63,122364,74],{"class":73},[63,122366,7417],{"class":181},[63,122368,86],{"class":73},[20,122370,122371],{},"prints:",[54,122373,122374],{"className":56,"code":72454,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,122375,122376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122377,122378,122380,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390,122392,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122379,3497],{"class":73},[63,122381,456],{"class":448},[63,122383,3677],{"class":452},[63,122385,456],{"class":448},[63,122387,102],{"class":73},[63,122389,449],{"class":448},[63,122391,3686],{"class":452},[63,122393,456],{"class":448},[63,122395,102],{"class":73},[63,122397,449],{"class":448},[63,122399,32843],{"class":452},[63,122401,456],{"class":448},[63,122403,3229],{"class":73},[20,122405,122406],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[49,122408,17037],{"id":17036},[20,122410,122411,21595,122413,307],{},[15,122412,47300],{},[833,122414,122415],{},"new string",[20,122417,11072],{},[30,122419,122420,122423,122426],{},[33,122421,122422],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122424,122425],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122427,7369,122428,122432],{},[303,122429,122430],{"href":1908},[15,122431,1911],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122434,1820],{},[54,122436,122438],{"className":56,"code":122437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122439,122440,122448,122463,122467,122478],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122441,122442,122444,122446],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122443,984],{"class":382},[63,122445,386],{"class":270},[63,122447,13748],{"class":82},[63,122449,122450,122453,122455,122457,122459,122461],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122451,122452],{"class":382},"converted ",[63,122454,386],{"class":270},[63,122456,48519],{"class":417},[63,122458,74],{"class":73},[63,122460,1002],{"class":181},[63,122462,397],{"class":73},[63,122464,122465],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,122466,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,122468,122469,122471,122473,122476],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,122470,70],{"class":69},[63,122472,74],{"class":73},[63,122474,122475],{"class":181},"converted",[63,122477,397],{"class":73},[63,122479,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,122481,70],{"class":69},[63,122483,74],{"class":73},[63,122485,418],{"class":417},[63,122487,74],{"class":73},[63,122489,122475],{"class":181},[63,122491,86],{"class":73},[20,122493,122494],{},[833,122495,110],{},[54,122497,122499],{"className":56,"code":122498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122500,122501,122506],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122502,122503],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122504,122505],{"class":82},"99\n",[63,122507,122508,122510,122512,122514,122516,122518],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122509,441],{"class":270},[63,122511,445],{"class":444},[63,122513,449],{"class":448},[63,122515,3037],{"class":452},[63,122517,456],{"class":448},[63,122519,459],{"class":270},[49,122521,113181],{"id":113180},[20,122523,122524,122525,74433],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122526,47300],{},[30,122528,122529,122532,122535,122540],{},[33,122530,122531],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,122533,122534],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,122536,311,122537,122539],{},[15,122538,47300],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,122541,122542],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122544,122545,122546,307],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[303,122547,25299,122548],{"href":90023},[15,122549,90024],{},[49,122551,122553],{"id":122552},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122555,122556],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[54,122558,122560],{"className":56,"code":122559,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122561,122562,122570,122574,122584,122598,122602,122616,122626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122563,122564,122566,122568],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122565,984],{"class":382},[63,122567,386],{"class":270},[63,122569,44843],{"class":82},[63,122571,122572],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122573,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,122575,122576,122578,122580,122582],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,122577,70],{"class":69},[63,122579,74],{"class":73},[63,122581,1002],{"class":181},[63,122583,397],{"class":73},[63,122585,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,122587,70],{"class":69},[63,122589,74],{"class":73},[63,122591,418],{"class":417},[63,122593,74],{"class":73},[63,122595,1002],{"class":181},[63,122597,86],{"class":73},[63,122599,122600],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,122601,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,122603,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612,122614],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,122605,122452],{"class":382},[63,122607,386],{"class":270},[63,122609,48519],{"class":417},[63,122611,74],{"class":73},[63,122613,1002],{"class":181},[63,122615,397],{"class":73},[63,122617,122618,122620,122622,122624],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,122619,70],{"class":69},[63,122621,74],{"class":73},[63,122623,122475],{"class":181},[63,122625,397],{"class":73},[63,122627,122628,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,122629,70],{"class":69},[63,122631,74],{"class":73},[63,122633,418],{"class":417},[63,122635,74],{"class":73},[63,122637,122475],{"class":181},[63,122639,86],{"class":73},[20,122641,122642,122643,1801,122645,122647,122648,307],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122644,453],{},[15,122646,1804],{},", or another type into ",[15,122649,3037],{},[49,122651,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,122653,4744,122655,4747],{"id":122654},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122656,47300],{},[20,122658,122659],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1193,122661,1459,122663,122665],{"id":122662},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122664,47300],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122667,122668],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1193,122670,1482,122672,122674],{"id":122671},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122673,47300],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122676,122677],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1193,122679,94209,122681,122683],{"id":122680},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122682,47300],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122685,122686],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1193,122688,14521,122690,56823,122692,1506],{"id":122689},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122691,47300],{},[15,122693,46070],{},[20,122695,45983,122696,122698,122699,122701],{},[15,122697,47300],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122700,46070],{}," shows output.",[49,122703,1517],{"id":1516},[30,122705,122706,122712,122718,122724,122730,122739,122743],{},[33,122707,122708],{},[303,122709,122710,469],{"href":46067},[15,122711,46070],{},[33,122713,122714],{},[303,122715,122716,469],{"href":1908},[15,122717,1911],{},[33,122719,122720],{},[303,122721,122722,469],{"href":465},[15,122723,468],{},[33,122725,122726],{},[303,122727,122728,469],{"href":635},[15,122729,638],{},[33,122731,122732],{},[303,122733,122735,122736,122738],{"href":122734},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122737,453],{}," to string in Python",[33,122740,122741],{},[303,122742,90301],{"href":89310},[33,122744,122745],{},[303,122746,29968,122747],{"href":90023},[15,122748,90024],{},[1542,122750,122751],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":121339,"depth":89,"text":121340,"children":122759},[122760,122761,122762,122763],{"id":121343,"depth":254,"text":121344},{"id":121429,"depth":254,"text":121430},{"id":121516,"depth":254,"text":121517},{"id":121602,"depth":254,"text":121603},{"id":121718,"depth":89,"text":122765},"When to use str()",{"id":121849,"depth":89,"text":122767},"str() vs print()",{"id":122018,"depth":89,"text":122769},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":122771},[122772,122774,122775,122777],{"id":122056,"depth":254,"text":122773},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122191,"depth":254,"text":122192},{"id":122253,"depth":254,"text":122776},"Using str() too early",{"id":122311,"depth":254,"text":122778},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":113180,"depth":89,"text":113181},{"id":122552,"depth":89,"text":122553},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":122783},[122784,122786,122788,122790,122792],{"id":122654,"depth":254,"text":122785},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122662,"depth":254,"text":122787},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122671,"depth":254,"text":122789},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122680,"depth":254,"text":122791},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122689,"depth":254,"text":122793},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41793,"description":122795},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122802,"title":122803,"body":122804,"description":124257,"extension":1580,"meta":124258,"navigation":579,"path":124259,"seo":124260,"stem":124261,"__hash__":124262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122805,"toc":124219},[122806,122812,122818,122821,122843,122845,122907,122909,122922,122928,122933,122938,122940,122953,122964,122966,122993,122995,123012,123019,123030,123032,123037,123039,123051,123059,123068,123070,123073,123126,123128,123136,123144,123148,123153,123193,123195,123203,123206,123208,123248,123250,123258,123268,123274,123277,123350,123352,123365,123369,123374,123402,123405,123440,123442,123450,123453,123457,123461,123463,123479,123481,123521,123523,123531,123540,123583,123585,123593,123595,123599,123605,123608,123648,123650,123658,123663,123666,123709,123713,123716,123751,123756,123758,123797,123807,123815,123825,123833,123837,123842,123844,123885,123887,123895,123900,123903,123906,123924,123930,123934,123939,123942,123982,123984,123989,124088,124091,124107,124109,124128,124130,124137,124140,124146,124149,124155,124159,124165,124168,124174,124177,124179,124216],[10,122807,122809,122810,10935],{"id":122808},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122811,56908],{},[20,122813,122814,122815,122817],{},"The Python string ",[15,122816,56908],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122819,122820],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,122822,122823,122827,122830,122832,122840],{},[33,122824,25639,122825,141],{},[15,122826,56908],{},[33,122828,122829],{},"its syntax",[33,122831,35017],{},[33,122833,122834,122835,3993,122837,122839],{},"how ",[15,122836,35696],{},[15,122838,52277],{}," work",[33,122841,122842],{},"common beginner mistakes",[49,122844,52],{"id":51},[54,122846,122848],{"className":56,"code":122847,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122849,122850,122862,122884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122851,122852,122854,122856,122858,122860],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122853,1370],{"class":382},[63,122855,386],{"class":270},[63,122857,1375],{"class":448},[63,122859,3686],{"class":452},[63,122861,1381],{"class":448},[63,122863,122864,122866,122868,122870,122872,122874,122876,122878,122880,122882],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122865,70],{"class":69},[63,122867,74],{"class":73},[63,122869,1396],{"class":181},[63,122871,307],{"class":73},[63,122873,40876],{"class":181},[63,122875,74],{"class":73},[63,122877,2455],{"class":448},[63,122879,303],{"class":452},[63,122881,2455],{"class":448},[63,122883,86],{"class":73},[63,122885,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122903,122905],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,122887,70],{"class":69},[63,122889,74],{"class":73},[63,122891,1396],{"class":181},[63,122893,307],{"class":73},[63,122895,40876],{"class":181},[63,122897,74],{"class":73},[63,122899,2455],{"class":448},[63,122901,122902],{"class":452},"na",[63,122904,2455],{"class":448},[63,122906,86],{"class":73},[20,122908,110],{},[54,122910,122912],{"className":56,"code":122911,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n2\n",[15,122913,122914,122918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122915,122916],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122917,120],{"class":82},[63,122919,122920],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,122921,824],{"class":82},[20,122923,128,122924,122927],{},[15,122925,122926],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[49,122929,12612,122931,12615],{"id":122930},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122932,56908],{},[20,122934,122935,122937],{},[15,122936,56908],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122939,12668],{},[30,122941,122942,122945,122948,122950],{},[33,122943,122944],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,122946,122947],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,122949,43275],{},[33,122951,122952],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122954,122955,122956,122958,122959,1801,122961,122963],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122957,17715],{}," characters are in ",[15,122960,64894],{},[15,122962,56908],{}," is a simple choice.",[49,122965,164],{"id":163},[54,122967,122969],{"className":56,"code":122968,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122970,122971],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122972,122973,122975,122977,122979,122981,122983,122985,122987,122989,122991],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122974,60793],{"class":382},[63,122976,307],{"class":73},[63,122978,40876],{"class":181},[63,122980,74],{"class":73},[63,122982,1002],{"class":181},[63,122984,102],{"class":73},[63,122986,35675],{"class":181},[63,122988,102],{"class":73},[63,122990,64660],{"class":181},[63,122992,397],{"class":73},[1193,122994,17013],{"id":17012},[30,122996,122997,123002,123007],{},[33,122998,122999,123001],{},[15,123000,1002],{},": the text to search for",[33,123003,123004,123006],{},[15,123005,35696],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123008,123009,123011],{},[15,123010,52277],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123013,123014,3993,123016,123018],{},[15,123015,35696],{},[15,123017,52277],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123020,123021,123026],{},[33,123022,123023,123025],{},[15,123024,35696],{}," is included",[33,123027,123028,75359],{},[15,123029,52277],{},[49,123031,17037],{"id":17036},[20,123033,123034,123036],{},[15,123035,56908],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123038,1740],{},[30,123040,123041,123046],{},[33,123042,123043,123044],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123045,715],{},[33,123047,123048,123049],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123050,1734],{},[20,123052,970,123053,4763,123055,632,123057,307],{},[833,123054,973],{},[15,123056,3196],{},[15,123058,3269],{},[20,123060,123061,123062,123067],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[303,123063,123065,101055],{"href":123064},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123066,3480],{}," is often a better fit.",[49,123069,11089],{"id":11088},[20,123071,123072],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[54,123074,123076],{"className":56,"code":123075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123077,123078,123090,123112,123116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123079,123080,123082,123084,123086,123088],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123081,1370],{"class":382},[63,123083,386],{"class":270},[63,123085,1375],{"class":448},[63,123087,3677],{"class":452},[63,123089,1381],{"class":448},[63,123091,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102,123104,123106,123108,123110],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123093,383],{"class":382},[63,123095,386],{"class":270},[63,123097,42458],{"class":382},[63,123099,307],{"class":73},[63,123101,40876],{"class":181},[63,123103,74],{"class":73},[63,123105,2455],{"class":448},[63,123107,20],{"class":452},[63,123109,2455],{"class":448},[63,123111,397],{"class":73},[63,123113,123114],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,123115,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,123117,123118,123120,123122,123124],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,123119,70],{"class":69},[63,123121,74],{"class":73},[63,123123,406],{"class":181},[63,123125,397],{"class":73},[20,123127,110],{},[54,123129,123130],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,123131,123132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123133,123134],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123135,824],{"class":82},[20,123137,63439,123138,123141,123142,307],{},[15,123139,123140],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123143,57451],{},[49,123145,123147],{"id":123146},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123149,123150,123152],{},[15,123151,56908],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[54,123154,123156],{"className":56,"code":123155,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123157,123158,123171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123159,123160,123162,123164,123166,123169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123161,1370],{"class":382},[63,123163,386],{"class":270},[63,123165,1375],{"class":448},[63,123167,123168],{"class":452},"cat dog cat bird cat",[63,123170,1381],{"class":448},[63,123172,123173,123175,123177,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187,123189,123191],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123174,70],{"class":69},[63,123176,74],{"class":73},[63,123178,1396],{"class":181},[63,123180,307],{"class":73},[63,123182,40876],{"class":181},[63,123184,74],{"class":73},[63,123186,2455],{"class":448},[63,123188,36672],{"class":452},[63,123190,2455],{"class":448},[63,123192,86],{"class":73},[20,123194,110],{},[54,123196,123197],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,123198,123199],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123200,123201],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123202,120],{"class":82},[20,123204,123205],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123207,1820],{},[54,123209,123211],{"className":56,"code":123210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123212,123213,123226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123214,123215,123217,123219,123221,123224],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123216,1370],{"class":382},[63,123218,386],{"class":270},[63,123220,1375],{"class":448},[63,123222,123223],{"class":452},"one One one",[63,123225,1381],{"class":448},[63,123227,123228,123230,123232,123234,123236,123238,123240,123242,123244,123246],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123229,70],{"class":69},[63,123231,74],{"class":73},[63,123233,1396],{"class":181},[63,123235,307],{"class":73},[63,123237,40876],{"class":181},[63,123239,74],{"class":73},[63,123241,2455],{"class":448},[63,123243,6189],{"class":452},[63,123245,2455],{"class":448},[63,123247,86],{"class":73},[20,123249,110],{},[54,123251,123252],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,123253,123254],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123255,123256],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123257,824],{"class":82},[20,123259,123260,123261,123264,123265,123267],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123262,123263],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123266,56908],{}," is case-sensitive.",[49,123269,311,123270,3993,123272],{"id":65026},[15,123271,35696],{},[15,123273,52277],{},[20,123275,123276],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[54,123278,123280],{"className":56,"code":123279,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123281,123282,123294,123320],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123283,123284,123286,123288,123290,123292],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123285,1370],{"class":382},[63,123287,386],{"class":270},[63,123289,1375],{"class":448},[63,123291,3686],{"class":452},[63,123293,1381],{"class":448},[63,123295,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312,123314,123316,123318],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123297,70],{"class":69},[63,123299,74],{"class":73},[63,123301,1396],{"class":181},[63,123303,307],{"class":73},[63,123305,40876],{"class":181},[63,123307,74],{"class":73},[63,123309,2455],{"class":448},[63,123311,303],{"class":452},[63,123313,2455],{"class":448},[63,123315,102],{"class":73},[63,123317,105],{"class":82},[63,123319,86],{"class":73},[63,123321,123322,123324,123326,123328,123330,123332,123334,123336,123338,123340,123342,123344,123346,123348],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,123323,70],{"class":69},[63,123325,74],{"class":73},[63,123327,1396],{"class":181},[63,123329,307],{"class":73},[63,123331,40876],{"class":181},[63,123333,74],{"class":73},[63,123335,2455],{"class":448},[63,123337,303],{"class":452},[63,123339,2455],{"class":448},[63,123341,102],{"class":73},[63,123343,105],{"class":82},[63,123345,102],{"class":73},[63,123347,4206],{"class":82},[63,123349,86],{"class":73},[20,123351,110],{},[54,123353,123355],{"className":56,"code":123354,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n1\n",[15,123356,123357,123361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123358,123359],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123360,824],{"class":82},[63,123362,123363],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123364,46534],{"class":82},[1193,123366,123368],{"id":123367},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123370,123371,123372,2482],{},"In ",[15,123373,64894],{},[30,123375,123376,123384,123392],{},[33,123377,70583,123378,123380,123381],{},[15,123379,274],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123382,123383],{},"\"n\"",[33,123385,123386,123389,123390,75657],{},[15,123387,123388],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123391,274],{},[33,123393,123394,123389,123397,123399,123400],{},[15,123395,123396],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123398,274],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123401,1750],{},[20,123403,123404],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[54,123406,123408],{"className":56,"code":123407,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123409,123410,123422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123411,123412,123414,123416,123418,123420],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123413,1370],{"class":382},[63,123415,386],{"class":270},[63,123417,1375],{"class":448},[63,123419,3686],{"class":452},[63,123421,1381],{"class":448},[63,123423,123424,123426,123428,123430,123432,123434,123436,123438],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123425,70],{"class":69},[63,123427,74],{"class":73},[63,123429,1396],{"class":181},[63,123431,3497],{"class":73},[63,123433,274],{"class":82},[63,123435,2482],{"class":73},[63,123437,1750],{"class":82},[63,123439,191],{"class":73},[20,123441,110],{},[54,123443,123444],{"className":56,"code":41085,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,123445,123446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123447,123448],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123449,41085],{"class":382},[20,123451,123452],{},"Only that section is searched.",[49,123454,123456],{"id":123455},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123458,123459,123267],{},[15,123460,56908],{},[20,123462,1721],{},[30,123464,123465,123473],{},[33,123466,123467,3993,123469,123472],{},[15,123468,17715],{},[15,123470,123471],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,123474,123475,3993,123477,123472],{},[15,123476,64154],{},[15,123478,90036],{},[20,123480,1820],{},[54,123482,123484],{"className":56,"code":123483,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123485,123486,123499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123487,123488,123490,123492,123494,123497],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123489,1370],{"class":382},[63,123491,386],{"class":270},[63,123493,1375],{"class":448},[63,123495,123496],{"class":452},"Apple apple APPLE",[63,123498,1381],{"class":448},[63,123500,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123502,70],{"class":69},[63,123504,74],{"class":73},[63,123506,1396],{"class":181},[63,123508,307],{"class":73},[63,123510,40876],{"class":181},[63,123512,74],{"class":73},[63,123514,2455],{"class":448},[63,123516,3677],{"class":452},[63,123518,2455],{"class":448},[63,123520,86],{"class":73},[20,123522,110],{},[54,123524,123525],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,123526,123527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123528,123529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123530,46534],{"class":82},[20,123532,123533,123534,2482],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[303,123535,123537],{"href":123536},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123538,123539],{},"lower()",[54,123541,123543],{"className":56,"code":123542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123544,123545,123557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123546,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123548,1370],{"class":382},[63,123550,386],{"class":270},[63,123552,1375],{"class":448},[63,123554,123496],{"class":452},[63,123556,1381],{"class":448},[63,123558,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123560,70],{"class":69},[63,123562,74],{"class":73},[63,123564,1396],{"class":181},[63,123566,307],{"class":73},[63,123568,8249],{"class":181},[63,123570,8246],{"class":73},[63,123572,40876],{"class":181},[63,123574,74],{"class":73},[63,123576,2455],{"class":448},[63,123578,3677],{"class":452},[63,123580,2455],{"class":448},[63,123582,86],{"class":73},[20,123584,110],{},[54,123586,123587],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,123588,123589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123590,123591],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123592,120],{"class":82},[49,123594,1186],{"id":1185},[20,123596,1189,123597,307],{},[15,123598,56908],{},[1193,123600,1196,123602,123604],{"id":123601},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123603,56908],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123606,123607],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[54,123609,123611],{"className":56,"code":123610,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123612,123613,123626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123614,123615,123617,123619,123621,123624],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123616,1370],{"class":382},[63,123618,386],{"class":270},[63,123620,1375],{"class":448},[63,123622,123623],{"class":452},"Aardvark",[63,123625,1381],{"class":448},[63,123627,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123629,70],{"class":69},[63,123631,74],{"class":73},[63,123633,1396],{"class":181},[63,123635,307],{"class":73},[63,123637,40876],{"class":181},[63,123639,74],{"class":73},[63,123641,2455],{"class":448},[63,123643,303],{"class":452},[63,123645,2455],{"class":448},[63,123647,86],{"class":73},[20,123649,110],{},[54,123651,123652],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,123653,123654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123655,123656],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123657,824],{"class":82},[20,123659,123260,123660,123662],{},[15,123661,123471],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123664,123665],{},"If needed, convert first:",[54,123667,123669],{"className":56,"code":123668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123670,123671,123683],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123672,123673,123675,123677,123679,123681],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123674,1370],{"class":382},[63,123676,386],{"class":270},[63,123678,1375],{"class":448},[63,123680,123623],{"class":452},[63,123682,1381],{"class":448},[63,123684,123685,123687,123689,123691,123693,123695,123697,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123686,70],{"class":69},[63,123688,74],{"class":73},[63,123690,1396],{"class":181},[63,123692,307],{"class":73},[63,123694,8249],{"class":181},[63,123696,8246],{"class":73},[63,123698,40876],{"class":181},[63,123700,74],{"class":73},[63,123702,2455],{"class":448},[63,123704,303],{"class":452},[63,123706,2455],{"class":448},[63,123708,86],{"class":73},[1193,123710,123712],{"id":123711},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123714,123715],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[54,123717,123719],{"className":56,"code":123718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123720,123721,123733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123722,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123724,1370],{"class":382},[63,123726,386],{"class":270},[63,123728,1375],{"class":448},[63,123730,3686],{"class":452},[63,123732,1381],{"class":448},[63,123734,123735,123737,123739,123741,123743,123745,123747,123749],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123736,70],{"class":69},[63,123738,74],{"class":73},[63,123740,1396],{"class":181},[63,123742,307],{"class":73},[63,123744,40876],{"class":181},[63,123746,74],{"class":73},[63,123748,303],{"class":181},[63,123750,86],{"class":73},[20,123752,123753,123754,307],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123755,303],{},[20,123757,10419],{},[54,123759,123761],{"className":56,"code":123760,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123762,123763,123775],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123764,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123766,1370],{"class":382},[63,123768,386],{"class":270},[63,123770,1375],{"class":448},[63,123772,3686],{"class":452},[63,123774,1381],{"class":448},[63,123776,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793,123795],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123778,70],{"class":69},[63,123780,74],{"class":73},[63,123782,1396],{"class":181},[63,123784,307],{"class":73},[63,123786,40876],{"class":181},[63,123788,74],{"class":73},[63,123790,2455],{"class":448},[63,123792,303],{"class":452},[63,123794,2455],{"class":448},[63,123796,86],{"class":73},[1193,123798,36829,123800,8314,123802,632,123805],{"id":123799},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123801,56908],{},[15,123803,123804],{},"find()",[15,123806,58586],{},[20,123808,128,123809,123811,123812,307],{},[15,123810,56908],{}," when you need the ",[833,123813,123814],{},"number of matches",[20,123816,128,123817,123811,123822,123824],{},[303,123818,123820],{"href":123819},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123821,123804],{},[833,123823,64566],{}," of the first match.",[20,123826,128,123827,123832],{},[303,123828,123830],{"href":123829},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123831,58586],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1193,123834,123836],{"id":123835},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123838,123839,123841],{},[15,123840,56908],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123843,1820],{},[54,123845,123847],{"className":56,"code":123846,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123848,123849,123862],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123850,123851,123853,123855,123857,123860],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123852,1370],{"class":382},[63,123854,386],{"class":270},[63,123856,1375],{"class":448},[63,123858,123859],{"class":452},"aaaa",[63,123861,1381],{"class":448},[63,123863,123864,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878,123881,123883],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,123865,70],{"class":69},[63,123867,74],{"class":73},[63,123869,1396],{"class":181},[63,123871,307],{"class":73},[63,123873,40876],{"class":181},[63,123875,74],{"class":73},[63,123877,2455],{"class":448},[63,123879,123880],{"class":452},"aa",[63,123882,2455],{"class":448},[63,123884,86],{"class":73},[20,123886,110],{},[54,123888,123889],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,123890,123891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123892,123893],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123894,824],{"class":82},[20,123896,123897,123898,307],{},"It does not return ",[15,123899,715],{},[20,123901,123902],{},"Why not?",[20,123904,123905],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,123907,123908,123917],{},[33,123909,123910,123913,123914],{},[15,123911,123912],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123915,123916],{},"0-1",[33,123918,123919,123913,123921],{},[15,123920,123912],{},[15,123922,123923],{},"2-3",[20,123925,123926,123927,307],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123928,123929],{},"1-2",[49,123931,1114,123932],{"id":57991},[15,123933,56908],{},[20,123935,128,123936,123938],{},[15,123937,56908],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123940,123941],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,123943,123944,123953,123963,123973],{},[33,123945,128,123946,123948,123949,123952],{},[15,123947,56908],{}," when you need ",[833,123950,123951],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,123954,128,123955,123948,123959,123962],{},[303,123956,123957],{"href":123819},[15,123958,123804],{},[833,123960,123961],{},"where"," it appears",[33,123964,47427,123965,123969,123970],{},[303,123966,123967,101055],{"href":123064},[15,123968,3480],{}," when you only need to know ",[833,123971,123972],{},"if it exists",[33,123974,128,123975,123981],{},[303,123976,123978],{"href":123977},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123979,123980],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[49,123983,25562],{"id":25561},[20,123985,8485,123986,123988],{},[15,123987,56908],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[54,123990,123992],{"className":56,"code":123991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123993,123994,124004,124018,124040,124066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123995,123996,123998,124000,124002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123997,70],{"class":69},[63,123999,74],{"class":73},[63,124001,1396],{"class":181},[63,124003,397],{"class":73},[63,124005,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124007,70],{"class":69},[63,124009,74],{"class":73},[63,124011,418],{"class":417},[63,124013,74],{"class":73},[63,124015,1396],{"class":181},[63,124017,86],{"class":73},[63,124019,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036,124038],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,124021,70],{"class":69},[63,124023,74],{"class":73},[63,124025,1396],{"class":181},[63,124027,307],{"class":73},[63,124029,40876],{"class":181},[63,124031,74],{"class":73},[63,124033,2455],{"class":448},[63,124035,303],{"class":452},[63,124037,2455],{"class":448},[63,124039,86],{"class":73},[63,124041,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,124043,70],{"class":69},[63,124045,74],{"class":73},[63,124047,1396],{"class":181},[63,124049,307],{"class":73},[63,124051,8249],{"class":181},[63,124053,8246],{"class":73},[63,124055,40876],{"class":181},[63,124057,74],{"class":73},[63,124059,2455],{"class":448},[63,124061,303],{"class":452},[63,124063,2455],{"class":448},[63,124065,86],{"class":73},[63,124067,124068,124070,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080,124082,124084,124086],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,124069,70],{"class":69},[63,124071,74],{"class":73},[63,124073,1396],{"class":181},[63,124075,307],{"class":73},[63,124077,40876],{"class":181},[63,124079,74],{"class":73},[63,124081,2455],{"class":448},[63,124083,122902],{"class":452},[63,124085,2455],{"class":448},[63,124087,86],{"class":73},[20,124089,124090],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124092,124093,124096,124101,124104],{},[33,124094,124095],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124097,124098,124100],{},[15,124099,1396],{}," not being a string",[33,124102,124103],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124105,124106],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124108,58480],{},[30,124110,124111,124114,124117,124120],{},[33,124112,124113],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124115,124116],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124118,124119],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124121,50107,124122,44247,124124,632,124126,72929],{},[15,124123,56908],{},[15,124125,123804],{},[15,124127,3480],{},[49,124129,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,124131,124133,124134,124136],{"id":124132},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124135,56908],{}," change the original string?",[20,124138,124139],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1193,124141,14521,124143,124145],{"id":124142},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124144,56908],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124147,124148],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1193,124150,4744,124152,124154],{"id":124151},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124153,56908],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124156,4750,124157,307],{},[15,124158,1734],{},[1193,124160,1482,124162,124164],{"id":124161},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124163,56908],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124166,124167],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1193,124169,1459,124171,124173],{"id":124170},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124172,56908],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124175,124176],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[49,124178,1517],{"id":1516},[30,124180,124181,124188,124195,124202,124209],{},[33,124182,124183],{},[303,124184,124185],{"href":123819},[15,124186,124187],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124189,124190],{},[303,124191,124192],{"href":123829},[15,124193,124194],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124196,124197],{},[303,124198,124199],{"href":123536},[15,124200,124201],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124203,124204],{},[303,124205,124206],{"href":123064},[15,124207,124208],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124210,124211],{},[303,124212,124213],{"href":123977},[15,124214,124215],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1542,124217,124218],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":124220},[124221,124222,124224,124227,124228,124229,124230,124233,124234,124242,124243,124244,124256],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":122930,"depth":89,"text":124223},"What the count() method does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":124225},[124226],{"id":17012,"depth":254,"text":17013},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":123146,"depth":89,"text":123147},{"id":65026,"depth":89,"text":65807,"children":124231},[124232],{"id":123367,"depth":254,"text":123368},{"id":123455,"depth":89,"text":123456},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":124235},[124236,124238,124239,124241],{"id":123601,"depth":254,"text":124237},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123711,"depth":254,"text":123712},{"id":123799,"depth":254,"text":124240},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123835,"depth":254,"text":123836},{"id":57991,"depth":89,"text":58622},{"id":25561,"depth":89,"text":25562},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":124245},[124246,124248,124250,124252,124254],{"id":124132,"depth":254,"text":124247},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124142,"depth":254,"text":124249},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124151,"depth":254,"text":124251},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124161,"depth":254,"text":124253},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124170,"depth":254,"text":124255},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122803,"description":124257},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124264,"title":124265,"body":124266,"description":125851,"extension":1580,"meta":125852,"navigation":579,"path":125853,"seo":125854,"stem":125855,"__hash__":125856},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124267,"toc":125824},[124268,124271,124274,124371,124380,124382,124401,124405,124408,124411,124424,124427,124456,124461,124466,124524,124526,124559,124565,124569,124572,124575,124604,124607,124634,124637,124640,124644,124647,124654,124717,124719,124737,124740,124744,124747,124750,124792,124795,124839,124842,124845,124849,124854,124857,124900,124902,124925,124928,124961,124964,125013,125023,125027,125030,125033,125062,125065,125076,125078,125137,125140,125144,125147,125150,125165,125174,125177,125211,125214,125241,125244,125251,125253,125256,125258,125261,125275,125284,125286,125313,125317,125320,125334,125337,125396,125400,125403,125430,125433,125460,125468,125471,125531,125533,125566,125570,125573,125592,125597,125646,125651,125653,125656,125715,125733,125735,125739,125747,125751,125754,125758,125764,125768,125778,125782,125785,125787,125821],[10,124269,124265],{"id":124270},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124272,124273],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[54,124275,124277],{"className":56,"code":124276,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124278,124279,124291,124303,124312,124326,124330,124340,124350,124361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124280,124281,124283,124285,124287,124289],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124282,7484],{"class":382},[63,124284,386],{"class":270},[63,124286,1375],{"class":448},[63,124288,4605],{"class":452},[63,124290,1381],{"class":448},[63,124292,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124294,89625],{"class":382},[63,124296,386],{"class":270},[63,124298,449],{"class":448},[63,124300,34489],{"class":452},[63,124302,29320],{"class":448},[63,124304,124305,124308,124310],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,124306,124307],{"class":382},"empty ",[63,124309,386],{"class":270},[63,124311,7489],{"class":448},[63,124313,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,124315,1370],{"class":382},[63,124317,386],{"class":270},[63,124319,48519],{"class":417},[63,124321,74],{"class":73},[63,124323,49861],{"class":82},[63,124325,397],{"class":73},[63,124327,124328],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,124329,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,124333,70],{"class":69},[63,124335,74],{"class":73},[63,124337,7274],{"class":181},[63,124339,397],{"class":73},[63,124341,124342,124344,124346,124348],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,124343,70],{"class":69},[63,124345,74],{"class":73},[63,124347,89642],{"class":181},[63,124349,397],{"class":73},[63,124351,124352,124354,124356,124359],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,124353,70],{"class":69},[63,124355,74],{"class":73},[63,124357,124358],{"class":181},"empty",[63,124360,397],{"class":73},[63,124362,124363,124365,124367,124369],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,124364,70],{"class":69},[63,124366,74],{"class":73},[63,124368,1396],{"class":181},[63,124370,397],{"class":73},[20,124372,124373,124376,124377,124379],{},[833,124374,124375],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124378,47300],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[49,124381,14781],{"id":14780},[30,124383,124384,124387,124390,124393,124398],{},[33,124385,124386],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124388,124389],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124391,124392],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124394,124395,124396],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124397,47300],{},[33,124399,124400],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[49,124402,124404],{"id":124403},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124406,124407],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124409,124410],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124412,124413,124416,124418,124421],{},[33,124414,124415],{},"Letters",[33,124417,56079],{},[33,124419,124420],{},"Spaces",[33,124422,124423],{},"Symbols",[20,124425,124426],{},"Examples of strings:",[54,124428,124430],{"className":56,"code":124429,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124431,124432,124440,124448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124433,124434,124436,124438],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124435,2455],{"class":42945},[63,124437,3441],{"class":42949},[63,124439,1381],{"class":42945},[63,124441,124442,124444,124446],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124443,2455],{"class":42945},[63,124445,49861],{"class":42949},[63,124447,1381],{"class":42945},[63,124449,124450,124452,124454],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,124451,2455],{"class":42945},[63,124453,88767],{"class":42949},[63,124455,1381],{"class":42945},[20,124457,20597,124458,124460],{},[15,124459,49911],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124462,124463,124464,2482],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124465,1911],{},[54,124467,124469],{"className":56,"code":124468,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124470,124471,124483,124492,124496,124510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124472,124473,124475,124477,124479,124481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124474,1370],{"class":382},[63,124476,386],{"class":270},[63,124478,1375],{"class":448},[63,124480,49861],{"class":452},[63,124482,1381],{"class":448},[63,124484,124485,124487,124489],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124486,1386],{"class":382},[63,124488,386],{"class":270},[63,124490,124491],{"class":82}," 123\n",[63,124493,124494],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,124495,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,124497,124498,124500,124502,124504,124506,124508],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,124499,70],{"class":69},[63,124501,74],{"class":73},[63,124503,418],{"class":417},[63,124505,74],{"class":73},[63,124507,1396],{"class":181},[63,124509,86],{"class":73},[63,124511,124512,124514,124516,124518,124520,124522],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,124513,70],{"class":69},[63,124515,74],{"class":73},[63,124517,418],{"class":417},[63,124519,74],{"class":73},[63,124521,182],{"class":181},[63,124523,86],{"class":73},[20,124525,110],{},[54,124527,124529],{"className":56,"code":124528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124530,124531,124545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124532,124533,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124534,441],{"class":270},[63,124536,445],{"class":444},[63,124538,449],{"class":448},[63,124540,3037],{"class":452},[63,124542,456],{"class":448},[63,124544,459],{"class":270},[63,124546,124547,124549,124551,124553,124555,124557],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124548,441],{"class":270},[63,124550,445],{"class":444},[63,124552,449],{"class":448},[63,124554,453],{"class":452},[63,124556,456],{"class":448},[63,124558,459],{"class":270},[20,124560,124561,124562,307],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[303,124563,124564],{"href":50591},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[49,124566,124568],{"id":124567},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124570,124571],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124573,124574],{},"You can use single quotes:",[54,124576,124578],{"className":56,"code":124577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124579,124580,124593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124581,124582,124585,124587,124589,124591],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124583,124584],{"class":382},"greeting ",[63,124586,386],{"class":270},[63,124588,449],{"class":448},[63,124590,3441],{"class":452},[63,124592,29320],{"class":448},[63,124594,124595,124597,124599,124602],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124596,70],{"class":69},[63,124598,74],{"class":73},[63,124600,124601],{"class":181},"greeting",[63,124603,397],{"class":73},[20,124605,124606],{},"Or double quotes:",[54,124608,124610],{"className":56,"code":124609,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124611,124612,124624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124613,124614,124616,124618,124620,124622],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124615,124584],{"class":382},[63,124617,386],{"class":270},[63,124619,1375],{"class":448},[63,124621,3441],{"class":452},[63,124623,1381],{"class":448},[63,124625,124626,124628,124630,124632],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124627,70],{"class":69},[63,124629,74],{"class":73},[63,124631,124601],{"class":181},[63,124633,397],{"class":73},[20,124635,124636],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124638,124639],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[49,124641,124643],{"id":124642},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124645,124646],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124648,124649,124650,632,124652,2482],{},"Use either ",[15,124651,5875],{},[15,124653,3368],{},[54,124655,124657],{"className":56,"code":124656,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124658,124659,124668,124677,124681,124692,124703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124660,124661,124664,124666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124662,124663],{"class":382},"empty1 ",[63,124665,386],{"class":270},[63,124667,7489],{"class":448},[63,124669,124670,124673,124675],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124671,124672],{"class":382},"empty2 ",[63,124674,386],{"class":270},[63,124676,47113],{"class":448},[63,124678,124679],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,124680,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,124682,124683,124685,124687,124690],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,124684,70],{"class":69},[63,124686,74],{"class":73},[63,124688,124689],{"class":181},"empty1",[63,124691,397],{"class":73},[63,124693,124694,124696,124698,124701],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,124695,70],{"class":69},[63,124697,74],{"class":73},[63,124699,124700],{"class":181},"empty2",[63,124702,397],{"class":73},[63,124704,124705,124707,124709,124711,124713,124715],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,124706,70],{"class":69},[63,124708,74],{"class":73},[63,124710,418],{"class":417},[63,124712,74],{"class":73},[63,124714,124689],{"class":181},[63,124716,86],{"class":73},[20,124718,110],{},[54,124720,124721],{"className":56,"code":45388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,124722,124723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124724,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124726,441],{"class":270},[63,124728,445],{"class":444},[63,124730,449],{"class":448},[63,124732,3037],{"class":452},[63,124734,456],{"class":448},[63,124736,459],{"class":270},[20,124738,124739],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[49,124741,124743],{"id":124742},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124745,124746],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124748,124749],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[54,124751,124753],{"className":56,"code":124752,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124754,124755,124766,124771,124778,124782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124756,124757,124759,124761,124764],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124758,89625],{"class":382},[63,124760,386],{"class":270},[63,124762,124763],{"class":448}," \"\"\"",[63,124765,88567],{"class":452},[63,124767,124768],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124769,124770],{"class":452},"Welcome to Python\n",[63,124772,124773,124776],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,124774,124775],{"class":452},"Have a nice day",[63,124777,42953],{"class":448},[63,124779,124780],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,124781,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,124783,124784,124786,124788,124790],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,124785,70],{"class":69},[63,124787,74],{"class":73},[63,124789,89642],{"class":181},[63,124791,397],{"class":73},[20,124793,124794],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[54,124796,124798],{"className":56,"code":124797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124799,124800,124812,124817,124825,124829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124801,124802,124804,124806,124809],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124803,89625],{"class":382},[63,124805,386],{"class":270},[63,124807,124808],{"class":448}," '''",[63,124810,124811],{"class":452},"Line 1\n",[63,124813,124814],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124815,124816],{"class":452},"Line 2\n",[63,124818,124819,124822],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,124820,124821],{"class":452},"Line 3",[63,124823,124824],{"class":448},"'''\n",[63,124826,124827],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,124828,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,124830,124831,124833,124835,124837],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,124832,70],{"class":69},[63,124834,74],{"class":73},[63,124836,89642],{"class":181},[63,124838,397],{"class":73},[20,124840,124841],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124843,124844],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[49,124846,124848],{"id":124847},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124850,1597,124851,124853],{},[15,124852,47300],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124855,124856],{},"Example with a number:",[54,124858,124860],{"className":56,"code":124859,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124861,124862,124876,124886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124863,124864,124866,124868,124870,124872,124874],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124865,1370],{"class":382},[63,124867,386],{"class":270},[63,124869,48519],{"class":417},[63,124871,74],{"class":73},[63,124873,46144],{"class":82},[63,124875,397],{"class":73},[63,124877,124878,124880,124882,124884],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124879,70],{"class":69},[63,124881,74],{"class":73},[63,124883,1396],{"class":181},[63,124885,397],{"class":73},[63,124887,124888,124890,124892,124894,124896,124898],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,124889,70],{"class":69},[63,124891,74],{"class":73},[63,124893,418],{"class":417},[63,124895,74],{"class":73},[63,124897,1396],{"class":181},[63,124899,86],{"class":73},[20,124901,110],{},[54,124903,124905],{"className":56,"code":124904,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124906,124907,124911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124908,124909],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124910,46230],{"class":82},[63,124912,124913,124915,124917,124919,124921,124923],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124914,441],{"class":270},[63,124916,445],{"class":444},[63,124918,449],{"class":448},[63,124920,3037],{"class":452},[63,124922,456],{"class":448},[63,124924,459],{"class":270},[20,124926,124927],{},"You can also convert other values:",[54,124929,124931],{"className":56,"code":124930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124932,124933,124947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124934,124935,124937,124939,124941,124943,124945],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124936,70],{"class":69},[63,124938,74],{"class":73},[63,124940,3037],{"class":417},[63,124942,74],{"class":73},[63,124944,3196],{"class":3448},[63,124946,86],{"class":73},[63,124948,124949,124951,124953,124955,124957,124959],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124950,70],{"class":69},[63,124952,74],{"class":73},[63,124954,3037],{"class":417},[63,124956,74],{"class":73},[63,124958,1378],{"class":82},[63,124960,86],{"class":73},[20,124962,124963],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[54,124965,124967],{"className":56,"code":124966,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124968,124969,124977,124999,125003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124970,124971,124973,124975],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124972,21248],{"class":382},[63,124974,386],{"class":270},[63,124976,44843],{"class":82},[63,124978,124979,124981,124983,124985,124987,124989,124991,124993,124995,124997],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,124980,89625],{"class":382},[63,124982,386],{"class":270},[63,124984,1375],{"class":448},[63,124986,89043],{"class":452},[63,124988,2455],{"class":448},[63,124990,2058],{"class":270},[63,124992,48519],{"class":417},[63,124994,74],{"class":73},[63,124996,8909],{"class":181},[63,124998,397],{"class":73},[63,125000,125001],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,125002,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,125004,125005,125007,125009,125011],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,125006,70],{"class":69},[63,125008,74],{"class":73},[63,125010,89642],{"class":181},[63,125012,397],{"class":73},[20,125014,125015,125016,632,125020,307],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[303,125017,13,125018,469],{"href":41792},[15,125019,47300],{},[303,125021,125022],{"href":122734},"how to convert int to string in Python",[49,125024,125026],{"id":125025},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125028,125029],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125031,125032],{},"Both of these are valid:",[54,125034,125036],{"className":56,"code":125035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125037,125038,125050],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125039,125040,125042,125044,125046,125048],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125041,2157],{"class":382},[63,125043,386],{"class":270},[63,125045,449],{"class":448},[63,125047,6902],{"class":452},[63,125049,29320],{"class":448},[63,125051,125052,125054,125056,125058,125060],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125053,2185],{"class":382},[63,125055,386],{"class":270},[63,125057,1375],{"class":448},[63,125059,6902],{"class":452},[63,125061,1381],{"class":448},[20,125063,125064],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125066,125067,125070,125073],{},[33,125068,125069],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125071,125072],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125074,125075],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125077,1820],{},[54,125079,125081],{"className":56,"code":125080,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125082,125083,125097,125111,125115,125126],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125084,125085,125088,125090,125092,125095],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125086,125087],{"class":382},"text1 ",[63,125089,386],{"class":270},[63,125091,1375],{"class":448},[63,125093,125094],{"class":452},"It's working",[63,125096,1381],{"class":448},[63,125098,125099,125102,125104,125106,125109],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125100,125101],{"class":382},"text2 ",[63,125103,386],{"class":270},[63,125105,449],{"class":448},[63,125107,125108],{"class":452},"She said \"hello\"",[63,125110,29320],{"class":448},[63,125112,125113],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,125114,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,125116,125117,125119,125121,125124],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,125118,70],{"class":69},[63,125120,74],{"class":73},[63,125122,125123],{"class":181},"text1",[63,125125,397],{"class":73},[63,125127,125128,125130,125132,125135],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,125129,70],{"class":69},[63,125131,74],{"class":73},[63,125133,125134],{"class":181},"text2",[63,125136,397],{"class":73},[20,125138,125139],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[49,125141,125143],{"id":125142},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125145,125146],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125148,125149],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[54,125151,125153],{"className":56,"code":125152,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125154,125155,125160],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125156,125157],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125158,125159],{"class":1357},"# This will cause an error\n",[63,125161,125162],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125163,125164],{"class":1357},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125166,125167,125168,34952,125170,125173],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125169,456],{},[15,125171,125172],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125175,125176],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[54,125178,125180],{"className":56,"code":125179,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125181,125182,125201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125183,125184,125186,125188,125190,125193,125196,125199],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125185,1370],{"class":382},[63,125187,386],{"class":270},[63,125189,449],{"class":448},[63,125191,125192],{"class":452},"It",[63,125194,125195],{"class":34076},"\\'",[63,125197,125198],{"class":452},"s working",[63,125200,29320],{"class":448},[63,125202,125203,125205,125207,125209],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125204,70],{"class":69},[63,125206,74],{"class":73},[63,125208,1396],{"class":181},[63,125210,397],{"class":73},[20,125212,125213],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[54,125215,125217],{"className":56,"code":125216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125218,125219,125231],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125220,125221,125223,125225,125227,125229],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125222,1370],{"class":382},[63,125224,386],{"class":270},[63,125226,1375],{"class":448},[63,125228,125094],{"class":452},[63,125230,1381],{"class":448},[63,125232,125233,125235,125237,125239],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125234,70],{"class":69},[63,125236,74],{"class":73},[63,125238,1396],{"class":181},[63,125240,397],{"class":73},[20,125242,125243],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125245,125246,125247,307],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[303,125248,125250],{"href":125249},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[49,125252,1186],{"id":1185},[20,125254,125255],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1193,125257,89832],{"id":89831},[20,125259,125260],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[54,125262,125264],{"className":56,"code":125263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125265,125266,125270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125267,125268],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125269,125159],{"class":1357},[63,125271,125272],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125273,125274],{"class":1357},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125276,125277,125278,8210,125281,125283],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125279,125280],{},"NameError",[15,125282,4605],{}," is not defined.",[20,125285,10419],{},[54,125287,125289],{"className":56,"code":125288,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125290,125291,125303],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125292,125293,125295,125297,125299,125301],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125294,7484],{"class":382},[63,125296,386],{"class":270},[63,125298,1375],{"class":448},[63,125300,4605],{"class":452},[63,125302,1381],{"class":448},[63,125304,125305,125307,125309,125311],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125306,70],{"class":69},[63,125308,74],{"class":73},[63,125310,7274],{"class":181},[63,125312,397],{"class":73},[1193,125314,125316],{"id":125315},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125318,125319],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[54,125321,125323],{"className":56,"code":125322,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125324,125325,125329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125326,125327],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125328,125159],{"class":1357},[63,125330,125331],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125332,125333],{"class":1357},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125335,125336],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[54,125338,125340],{"className":56,"code":125339,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125341,125342,125359,125372,125376,125386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125343,125344,125346,125348,125350,125352,125354,125357],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125345,125087],{"class":382},[63,125347,386],{"class":270},[63,125349,449],{"class":448},[63,125351,125192],{"class":452},[63,125353,125195],{"class":34076},[63,125355,125356],{"class":452},"s good",[63,125358,29320],{"class":448},[63,125360,125361,125363,125365,125367,125370],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125362,125101],{"class":382},[63,125364,386],{"class":270},[63,125366,1375],{"class":448},[63,125368,125369],{"class":452},"It's good",[63,125371,1381],{"class":448},[63,125373,125374],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,125375,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,125377,125378,125380,125382,125384],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,125379,70],{"class":69},[63,125381,74],{"class":73},[63,125383,125123],{"class":181},[63,125385,397],{"class":73},[63,125387,125388,125390,125392,125394],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,125389,70],{"class":69},[63,125391,74],{"class":73},[63,125393,125134],{"class":181},[63,125395,397],{"class":73},[1193,125397,125399],{"id":125398},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125401,125402],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[54,125404,125406],{"className":56,"code":125405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125407,125408,125420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125409,125410,125412,125414,125416,125418],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125411,1370],{"class":382},[63,125413,386],{"class":270},[63,125415,124763],{"class":448},[63,125417,3441],{"class":452},[63,125419,42953],{"class":448},[63,125421,125422,125424,125426,125428],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125423,70],{"class":69},[63,125425,74],{"class":73},[63,125427,1396],{"class":181},[63,125429,397],{"class":73},[20,125431,125432],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[54,125434,125436],{"className":56,"code":125435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125437,125438,125450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125439,125440,125442,125444,125446,125448],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125441,1370],{"class":382},[63,125443,386],{"class":270},[63,125445,1375],{"class":448},[63,125447,3441],{"class":452},[63,125449,1381],{"class":448},[63,125451,125452,125454,125456,125458],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125453,70],{"class":69},[63,125455,74],{"class":73},[63,125457,1396],{"class":181},[63,125459,397],{"class":73},[1193,125461,4180,125463,3993,125465,125467],{"id":125462},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125464,49861],{},[15,125466,49911],{}," are the same type",[20,125469,125470],{},"They are different:",[54,125472,125474],{"className":56,"code":125473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125475,125476,125485,125498,125502,125516],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125477,125478,125481,125483],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125479,125480],{"class":382},"value1 ",[63,125482,386],{"class":270},[63,125484,124491],{"class":82},[63,125486,125487,125490,125492,125494,125496],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125488,125489],{"class":382},"value2 ",[63,125491,386],{"class":270},[63,125493,1375],{"class":448},[63,125495,49861],{"class":452},[63,125497,1381],{"class":448},[63,125499,125500],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,125501,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,125503,125504,125506,125508,125510,125512,125514],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,125505,70],{"class":69},[63,125507,74],{"class":73},[63,125509,418],{"class":417},[63,125511,74],{"class":73},[63,125513,84388],{"class":181},[63,125515,86],{"class":73},[63,125517,125518,125520,125522,125524,125526,125529],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,125519,70],{"class":69},[63,125521,74],{"class":73},[63,125523,418],{"class":417},[63,125525,74],{"class":73},[63,125527,125528],{"class":181},"value2",[63,125530,86],{"class":73},[20,125532,110],{},[54,125534,125536],{"className":56,"code":125535,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125537,125538,125552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125539,125540,125542,125544,125546,125548,125550],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125541,441],{"class":270},[63,125543,445],{"class":444},[63,125545,449],{"class":448},[63,125547,453],{"class":452},[63,125549,456],{"class":448},[63,125551,459],{"class":270},[63,125553,125554,125556,125558,125560,125562,125564],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125555,441],{"class":270},[63,125557,445],{"class":444},[63,125559,449],{"class":448},[63,125561,3037],{"class":452},[63,125563,456],{"class":448},[63,125565,459],{"class":270},[1193,125567,125569],{"id":125568},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125571,125572],{},"This causes a type error:",[54,125574,125576],{"className":56,"code":125575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125577,125578,125582,125587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125579,125580],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125581,125159],{"class":1357},[63,125583,125584],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125585,125586],{"class":1357},"# age = 10\n",[63,125588,125589],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,125590,125591],{"class":1357},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125593,125594,125595,2482],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125596,47300],{},[54,125598,125600],{"className":56,"code":125599,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125601,125602,125610,125632,125636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125603,125604,125606,125608],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125605,21248],{"class":382},[63,125607,386],{"class":270},[63,125609,2190],{"class":82},[63,125611,125612,125614,125616,125618,125620,125622,125624,125626,125628,125630],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125613,89625],{"class":382},[63,125615,386],{"class":270},[63,125617,1375],{"class":448},[63,125619,89043],{"class":452},[63,125621,2455],{"class":448},[63,125623,2058],{"class":270},[63,125625,48519],{"class":417},[63,125627,74],{"class":73},[63,125629,8909],{"class":181},[63,125631,397],{"class":73},[63,125633,125634],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,125635,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,125637,125638,125640,125642,125644],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,125639,70],{"class":69},[63,125641,74],{"class":73},[63,125643,89642],{"class":181},[63,125645,397],{"class":73},[20,125647,125648,125649,307],{},"For this specific error, see ",[303,125650,90024],{"href":90023},[1193,125652,60329],{"id":60328},[20,125654,125655],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[54,125657,125659],{"className":56,"code":125658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125660,125661,125673,125677,125687,125701],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125662,125663,125665,125667,125669,125671],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125664,1370],{"class":382},[63,125666,386],{"class":270},[63,125668,1375],{"class":448},[63,125670,3441],{"class":452},[63,125672,1381],{"class":448},[63,125674,125675],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125676,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,125678,125679,125681,125683,125685],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,125680,70],{"class":69},[63,125682,74],{"class":73},[63,125684,1396],{"class":181},[63,125686,397],{"class":73},[63,125688,125689,125691,125693,125695,125697,125699],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,125690,70],{"class":69},[63,125692,74],{"class":73},[63,125694,418],{"class":417},[63,125696,74],{"class":73},[63,125698,1396],{"class":181},[63,125700,86],{"class":73},[63,125702,125703,125705,125707,125709,125711,125713],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,125704,70],{"class":69},[63,125706,74],{"class":73},[63,125708,41396],{"class":69},[63,125710,74],{"class":73},[63,125712,1396],{"class":181},[63,125714,86],{"class":73},[30,125716,125717,125722,125727],{},[33,125718,125719,45896],{},[15,125720,125721],{},"print(text)",[33,125723,125724,45901],{},[15,125725,125726],{},"print(type(text))",[33,125728,125729,125732],{},[15,125730,125731],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[49,125734,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,125736,125738],{"id":125737},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125740,125741,125742,632,125745,307],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125743,125744],{},"'hello'",[15,125746,64154],{},[1193,125748,125750],{"id":125749},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125752,125753],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1193,125755,125757],{"id":125756},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125759,128,125760,632,125762,307],{},[15,125761,5875],{},[15,125763,3368],{},[1193,125765,125767],{"id":125766},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125769,128,125770,125772,125773,125775,125776,307],{},[15,125771,47300],{},", like ",[15,125774,79998],{},", which returns ",[15,125777,41743],{},[1193,125779,125781],{"id":125780},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125783,125784],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[49,125786,1517],{"id":1516},[30,125788,125789,125793,125799,125804,125813,125817],{},[33,125790,125791],{},[303,125792,124564],{"href":50591},[33,125794,125795],{},[303,125796,13,125797,469],{"href":41792},[15,125798,47300],{},[33,125800,125801],{},[303,125802,125803],{"href":122734},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,125805,125806],{},[303,125807,125809,125810,10352],{"href":125808},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125811,125812],{},"format()",[33,125814,125815],{},[303,125816,125250],{"href":125249},[33,125818,125819],{},[303,125820,90024],{"href":90023},[1542,125822,125823],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":125825},[125826,125827,125828,125829,125830,125831,125832,125833,125834,125843,125850],{"id":14780,"depth":89,"text":14781},{"id":124403,"depth":89,"text":124404},{"id":124567,"depth":89,"text":124568},{"id":124642,"depth":89,"text":124643},{"id":124742,"depth":89,"text":124743},{"id":124847,"depth":89,"text":124848},{"id":125025,"depth":89,"text":125026},{"id":125142,"depth":89,"text":125143},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":125835},[125836,125837,125838,125839,125841,125842],{"id":89831,"depth":254,"text":89832},{"id":125315,"depth":254,"text":125316},{"id":125398,"depth":254,"text":125399},{"id":125462,"depth":254,"text":125840},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125568,"depth":254,"text":125569},{"id":60328,"depth":254,"text":60329},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":125844},[125845,125846,125847,125848,125849],{"id":125737,"depth":254,"text":125738},{"id":125749,"depth":254,"text":125750},{"id":125756,"depth":254,"text":125757},{"id":125766,"depth":254,"text":125767},{"id":125780,"depth":254,"text":125781},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124265,"description":125851},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125858,"title":125859,"body":125860,"description":127774,"extension":1580,"meta":127775,"navigation":579,"path":127776,"seo":127777,"stem":127778,"__hash__":127779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125861,"toc":127735},[125862,125868,125873,125881,125883,125950,125952,125964,125973,125978,125982,125999,126001,126066,126068,126080,126085,126087,126115,126136,126139,126178,126180,126188,126192,126196,126200,126208,126211,126252,126254,126262,126265,126322,126324,126332,126336,126341,126385,126387,126395,126404,126408,126413,126461,126463,126471,126477,126479,126483,126495,126500,126579,126581,126601,126605,126609,126649,126651,126659,126663,126706,126708,126716,126720,126760,126762,126770,126774,126830,126832,126840,126846,126848,126852,126862,126929,126931,126944,126951,126994,126996,127004,127008,127011,127067,127069,127077,127080,127082,127159,127161,127169,127178,127180,127184,127188,127190,127212,127215,127262,127266,127305,127307,127315,127317,127359,127366,127371,127433,127435,127447,127453,127458,127507,127509,127528,127534,127536,127555,127557,127648,127650,127656,127663,127669,127675,127680,127689,127696,127704,127706,127732],[10,125863,122809,125865,10935],{"id":125864},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125866,125867],{},"endswith()",[20,125869,122814,125870,125872],{},[15,125871,125867],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125874,125875,125876,632,125878,125880],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125877,3196],{},[15,125879,3269],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[49,125882,52],{"id":51},[54,125884,125886],{"className":56,"code":125885,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125887,125888,125902,125927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125889,125890,125893,125895,125897,125900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125891,125892],{"class":382},"filename ",[63,125894,386],{"class":270},[63,125896,1375],{"class":448},[63,125898,125899],{"class":452},"report.csv",[63,125901,1381],{"class":448},[63,125903,125904,125906,125908,125911,125913,125916,125918,125920,125923,125925],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125905,70],{"class":69},[63,125907,74],{"class":73},[63,125909,125910],{"class":181},"filename",[63,125912,307],{"class":73},[63,125914,125915],{"class":181},"endswith",[63,125917,74],{"class":73},[63,125919,2455],{"class":448},[63,125921,125922],{"class":452},".csv",[63,125924,2455],{"class":448},[63,125926,86],{"class":73},[63,125928,125929,125931,125933,125935,125937,125939,125941,125943,125946,125948],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,125930,70],{"class":69},[63,125932,74],{"class":73},[63,125934,125910],{"class":181},[63,125936,307],{"class":73},[63,125938,125915],{"class":181},[63,125940,74],{"class":73},[63,125942,2455],{"class":448},[63,125944,125945],{"class":452},".txt",[63,125947,2455],{"class":448},[63,125949,86],{"class":73},[20,125951,110],{},[54,125953,125954],{"className":56,"code":43791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,125955,125956,125960],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125957,125958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125959,3577],{"class":3448},[63,125961,125962],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,125963,3638],{"class":3448},[20,125965,128,125966,4972,125968,632,125970,125972],{},[15,125967,125867],{},[15,125969,3196],{},[15,125971,3269],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[49,125974,138,125976,141],{"id":125975},"what-endswith-does",[15,125977,125867],{},[20,125979,125980,2482],{},[15,125981,125867],{},[30,125983,125984,125987,125993,125996],{},[33,125985,125986],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,125988,11037,125989,632,125991],{},[15,125990,3196],{},[15,125992,3269],{},[33,125994,125995],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,125997,125998],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126000,1820],{},[54,126002,126004],{"className":56,"code":126003,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126005,126006,126018,126022,126044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126007,126008,126010,126012,126014,126016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126009,1370],{"class":382},[63,126011,386],{"class":270},[63,126013,1375],{"class":448},[63,126015,60025],{"class":452},[63,126017,1381],{"class":448},[63,126019,126020],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126021,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,126023,126024,126026,126028,126030,126032,126034,126036,126038,126040,126042],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,126025,70],{"class":69},[63,126027,74],{"class":73},[63,126029,1396],{"class":181},[63,126031,307],{"class":73},[63,126033,125915],{"class":181},[63,126035,74],{"class":73},[63,126037,2455],{"class":448},[63,126039,60210],{"class":452},[63,126041,2455],{"class":448},[63,126043,86],{"class":73},[63,126045,126046,126048,126050,126052,126054,126056,126058,126060,126062,126064],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,126047,70],{"class":69},[63,126049,74],{"class":73},[63,126051,1396],{"class":181},[63,126053,307],{"class":73},[63,126055,125915],{"class":181},[63,126057,74],{"class":73},[63,126059,2455],{"class":448},[63,126061,3441],{"class":452},[63,126063,2455],{"class":448},[63,126065,86],{"class":73},[20,126067,110],{},[54,126069,126070],{"className":56,"code":43791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126071,126072,126076],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126073,126074],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126075,3577],{"class":3448},[63,126077,126078],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126079,3638],{"class":3448},[20,126081,126082,126083,307],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[303,126084,124564],{"href":50591},[49,126086,164],{"id":163},[54,126088,126090],{"className":56,"code":126089,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126091,126092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126093,126094,126096,126098,126100,126102,126105,126107,126109,126111,126113],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126095,60793],{"class":382},[63,126097,307],{"class":73},[63,126099,125915],{"class":181},[63,126101,74],{"class":73},[63,126103,126104],{"class":181},"suffix",[63,126106,102],{"class":73},[63,126108,35675],{"class":181},[63,126110,102],{"class":73},[63,126112,64660],{"class":181},[63,126114,397],{"class":73},[30,126116,126117,126122,126129],{},[33,126118,126119,126121],{},[15,126120,126104],{}," is required",[33,126123,126124,3993,126126,126128],{},[15,126125,35696],{},[15,126127,52277],{}," are optional",[33,126130,126131,3993,126133,126135],{},[15,126132,35696],{},[15,126134,52277],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126137,126138],{},"Basic example:",[54,126140,126142],{"className":56,"code":126141,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126143,126144,126156],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126145,126146,126148,126150,126152,126154],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126147,125892],{"class":382},[63,126149,386],{"class":270},[63,126151,1375],{"class":448},[63,126153,86513],{"class":452},[63,126155,1381],{"class":448},[63,126157,126158,126160,126162,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172,126174,126176],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126159,70],{"class":69},[63,126161,74],{"class":73},[63,126163,125910],{"class":181},[63,126165,307],{"class":73},[63,126167,125915],{"class":181},[63,126169,74],{"class":73},[63,126171,2455],{"class":448},[63,126173,125945],{"class":452},[63,126175,2455],{"class":448},[63,126177,86],{"class":73},[20,126179,110],{},[54,126181,126182],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126183,126184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126185,126186],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126187,3577],{"class":3448},[49,126189,126191],{"id":126190},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1193,126193,126194],{"id":126104},[15,126195,126104],{},[20,126197,126198,30371],{},[15,126199,126104],{},[30,126201,126202,126205],{},[33,126203,126204],{},"A single string",[33,126206,126207],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126209,126210],{},"Single suffix:",[54,126212,126214],{"className":56,"code":126213,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126215,126216,126229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126217,126218,126220,126222,126224,126227],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126219,7484],{"class":382},[63,126221,386],{"class":270},[63,126223,1375],{"class":448},[63,126225,126226],{"class":452},"image.png",[63,126228,1381],{"class":448},[63,126230,126231,126233,126235,126237,126239,126241,126243,126245,126248,126250],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126232,70],{"class":69},[63,126234,74],{"class":73},[63,126236,7274],{"class":181},[63,126238,307],{"class":73},[63,126240,125915],{"class":181},[63,126242,74],{"class":73},[63,126244,2455],{"class":448},[63,126246,126247],{"class":452},".png",[63,126249,2455],{"class":448},[63,126251,86],{"class":73},[20,126253,110],{},[54,126255,126256],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126257,126258],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126259,126260],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126261,3577],{"class":3448},[20,126263,126264],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[54,126266,126268],{"className":56,"code":126267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126269,126270,126282],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126271,126272,126274,126276,126278,126280],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126273,7484],{"class":382},[63,126275,386],{"class":270},[63,126277,1375],{"class":448},[63,126279,126226],{"class":452},[63,126281,1381],{"class":448},[63,126283,126284,126286,126288,126290,126292,126294,126296,126298,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315,126318,126320],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126285,70],{"class":69},[63,126287,74],{"class":73},[63,126289,7274],{"class":181},[63,126291,307],{"class":73},[63,126293,125915],{"class":181},[63,126295,5112],{"class":73},[63,126297,2455],{"class":448},[63,126299,126300],{"class":452},".jpg",[63,126302,2455],{"class":448},[63,126304,102],{"class":73},[63,126306,1375],{"class":448},[63,126308,126247],{"class":452},[63,126310,2455],{"class":448},[63,126312,102],{"class":73},[63,126314,1375],{"class":448},[63,126316,126317],{"class":452},".gif",[63,126319,2455],{"class":448},[63,126321,2510],{"class":73},[20,126323,110],{},[54,126325,126326],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126327,126328],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126329,126330],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126331,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,126333,126334],{"id":35696},[15,126335,35696],{},[20,126337,126338,126340],{},[15,126339,35696],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[54,126342,126344],{"className":56,"code":126343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126345,126346,126359],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126347,126348,126350,126352,126354,126357],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126349,1370],{"class":382},[63,126351,386],{"class":270},[63,126353,1375],{"class":448},[63,126355,126356],{"class":452},"my_report.csv",[63,126358,1381],{"class":448},[63,126360,126361,126363,126365,126367,126369,126371,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381,126383],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126362,70],{"class":69},[63,126364,74],{"class":73},[63,126366,1396],{"class":181},[63,126368,307],{"class":73},[63,126370,125915],{"class":181},[63,126372,74],{"class":73},[63,126374,2455],{"class":448},[63,126376,125922],{"class":452},[63,126378,2455],{"class":448},[63,126380,102],{"class":73},[63,126382,518],{"class":82},[63,126384,86],{"class":73},[20,126386,110],{},[54,126388,126389],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126390,126391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126392,126393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126394,3577],{"class":3448},[20,126396,126397,126398,126400,126401,307],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126399,715],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126402,126403],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1193,126405,126406],{"id":52277},[15,126407,52277],{},[20,126409,126410,126412],{},[15,126411,52277],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[54,126414,126416],{"className":56,"code":126415,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126417,126418,126431],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126419,126420,126422,126424,126426,126429],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126421,1370],{"class":382},[63,126423,386],{"class":270},[63,126425,1375],{"class":448},[63,126427,126428],{"class":452},"report.csv backup",[63,126430,1381],{"class":448},[63,126432,126433,126435,126437,126439,126441,126443,126445,126447,126449,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126434,70],{"class":69},[63,126436,74],{"class":73},[63,126438,1396],{"class":181},[63,126440,307],{"class":73},[63,126442,125915],{"class":181},[63,126444,74],{"class":73},[63,126446,2455],{"class":448},[63,126448,125922],{"class":452},[63,126450,2455],{"class":448},[63,126452,102],{"class":73},[63,126454,3429],{"class":82},[63,126456,102],{"class":73},[63,126458,5607],{"class":82},[63,126460,86],{"class":73},[20,126462,110],{},[54,126464,126465],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126466,126467],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126468,126469],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126470,3577],{"class":3448},[20,126472,126473,126474,126476],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126475,126403],{}," and ignores the rest.",[49,126478,17037],{"id":17036},[20,126480,126481,25128],{},[15,126482,125867],{},[30,126484,126485,126490],{},[33,126486,126487,126489],{},[15,126488,3196],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,126491,126492,126494],{},[15,126493,3269],{}," if it does not",[20,126496,126497,126498,6777],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126499,6602],{},[54,126501,126503],{"className":56,"code":126502,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126504,126505,126518,126522,126543,126558,126564],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126506,126507,126509,126511,126513,126516],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126508,125892],{"class":382},[63,126510,386],{"class":270},[63,126512,1375],{"class":448},[63,126514,126515],{"class":452},"data.csv",[63,126517,1381],{"class":448},[63,126519,126520],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126521,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,126523,126524,126526,126529,126531,126533,126535,126537,126539,126541],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,126525,6602],{"class":3473},[63,126527,126528],{"class":382}," filename",[63,126530,307],{"class":73},[63,126532,125915],{"class":181},[63,126534,74],{"class":73},[63,126536,2455],{"class":448},[63,126538,125922],{"class":452},[63,126540,2455],{"class":448},[63,126542,7951],{"class":73},[63,126544,126545,126547,126549,126551,126554,126556],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,126546,7677],{"class":69},[63,126548,74],{"class":73},[63,126550,2455],{"class":448},[63,126552,126553],{"class":452},"This is a CSV file.",[63,126555,2455],{"class":448},[63,126557,397],{"class":73},[63,126559,126560,126562],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,126561,27054],{"class":3473},[63,126563,5996],{"class":73},[63,126565,126566,126568,126570,126572,126575,126577],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,126567,7677],{"class":69},[63,126569,74],{"class":73},[63,126571,2455],{"class":448},[63,126573,126574],{"class":452},"This is not a CSV file.",[63,126576,2455],{"class":448},[63,126578,397],{"class":73},[20,126580,110],{},[54,126582,126584],{"className":56,"code":126583,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126585,126586],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126587,126588,126590,126592,126594,126597,126599],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126589,49494],{"class":382},[63,126591,11809],{"class":270},[63,126593,44162],{"class":382},[63,126595,126596],{"class":34076},"CSV",[63,126598,86254],{"class":86253},[63,126600,121841],{"class":73},[49,126602,126604],{"id":126603},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1193,126606,126608],{"id":126607},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[54,126610,126612],{"className":56,"code":126611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126613,126614,126627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126615,126616,126618,126620,126622,126625],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126617,125892],{"class":382},[63,126619,386],{"class":270},[63,126621,1375],{"class":448},[63,126623,126624],{"class":452},"sales.csv",[63,126626,1381],{"class":448},[63,126628,126629,126631,126633,126635,126637,126639,126641,126643,126645,126647],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126630,70],{"class":69},[63,126632,74],{"class":73},[63,126634,125910],{"class":181},[63,126636,307],{"class":73},[63,126638,125915],{"class":181},[63,126640,74],{"class":73},[63,126642,2455],{"class":448},[63,126644,125922],{"class":452},[63,126646,2455],{"class":448},[63,126648,86],{"class":73},[20,126650,110],{},[54,126652,126653],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126654,126655],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126656,126657],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126658,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,126660,126662],{"id":126661},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[54,126664,126666],{"className":56,"code":126665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126667,126668,126682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126669,126670,126673,126675,126677,126680],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126671,126672],{"class":382},"url ",[63,126674,386],{"class":270},[63,126676,1375],{"class":448},[63,126678,126679],{"class":452},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[63,126681,1381],{"class":448},[63,126683,126684,126686,126688,126691,126693,126695,126697,126699,126702,126704],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126685,70],{"class":69},[63,126687,74],{"class":73},[63,126689,126690],{"class":181},"url",[63,126692,307],{"class":73},[63,126694,125915],{"class":181},[63,126696,74],{"class":73},[63,126698,2455],{"class":448},[63,126700,126701],{"class":452},"\u002F",[63,126703,2455],{"class":448},[63,126705,86],{"class":73},[20,126707,110],{},[54,126709,126710],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126711,126712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126713,126714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126715,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,126717,126719],{"id":126718},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[54,126721,126723],{"className":56,"code":126722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126724,126725,126738],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126726,126727,126729,126731,126733,126736],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126728,89625],{"class":382},[63,126730,386],{"class":270},[63,126732,1375],{"class":448},[63,126734,126735],{"class":452},"Hello!",[63,126737,1381],{"class":448},[63,126739,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756,126758],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126741,70],{"class":69},[63,126743,74],{"class":73},[63,126745,89642],{"class":181},[63,126747,307],{"class":73},[63,126749,125915],{"class":181},[63,126751,74],{"class":73},[63,126753,2455],{"class":448},[63,126755,89466],{"class":452},[63,126757,2455],{"class":448},[63,126759,86],{"class":73},[20,126761,110],{},[54,126763,126764],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126765,126766],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126767,126768],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126769,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,126771,126773],{"id":126772},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[54,126775,126777],{"className":56,"code":126776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126778,126779,126792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126780,126781,126783,126785,126787,126790],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126782,125892],{"class":382},[63,126784,386],{"class":270},[63,126786,1375],{"class":448},[63,126788,126789],{"class":452},"photo.jpg",[63,126791,1381],{"class":448},[63,126793,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802,126804,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826,126828],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126795,70],{"class":69},[63,126797,74],{"class":73},[63,126799,125910],{"class":181},[63,126801,307],{"class":73},[63,126803,125915],{"class":181},[63,126805,5112],{"class":73},[63,126807,2455],{"class":448},[63,126809,126300],{"class":452},[63,126811,2455],{"class":448},[63,126813,102],{"class":73},[63,126815,1375],{"class":448},[63,126817,126247],{"class":452},[63,126819,2455],{"class":448},[63,126821,102],{"class":73},[63,126823,1375],{"class":448},[63,126825,126317],{"class":452},[63,126827,2455],{"class":448},[63,126829,2510],{"class":73},[20,126831,110],{},[54,126833,126834],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126835,126836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126837,126838],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126839,3577],{"class":3448},[20,126841,126842,126843,307],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[303,126844,126845],{"href":123064},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[49,126847,123456],{"id":123455},[20,126849,126850,123267],{},[15,126851,125867],{},[20,126853,126854,126855,3993,126858,126861],{},"That means ",[15,126856,126857],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126859,126860],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[54,126863,126865],{"className":56,"code":126864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126866,126867,126880,126884,126906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126868,126869,126871,126873,126875,126878],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126870,125892],{"class":382},[63,126872,386],{"class":270},[63,126874,1375],{"class":448},[63,126876,126877],{"class":452},"REPORT.CSV",[63,126879,1381],{"class":448},[63,126881,126882],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126883,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,126885,126886,126888,126890,126892,126894,126896,126898,126900,126902,126904],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,126887,70],{"class":69},[63,126889,74],{"class":73},[63,126891,125910],{"class":181},[63,126893,307],{"class":73},[63,126895,125915],{"class":181},[63,126897,74],{"class":73},[63,126899,2455],{"class":448},[63,126901,125922],{"class":452},[63,126903,2455],{"class":448},[63,126905,86],{"class":73},[63,126907,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916,126918,126920,126922,126925,126927],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,126909,70],{"class":69},[63,126911,74],{"class":73},[63,126913,125910],{"class":181},[63,126915,307],{"class":73},[63,126917,125915],{"class":181},[63,126919,74],{"class":73},[63,126921,2455],{"class":448},[63,126923,126924],{"class":452},".CSV",[63,126926,2455],{"class":448},[63,126928,86],{"class":73},[20,126930,110],{},[54,126932,126934],{"className":56,"code":126933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126935,126936,126940],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126937,126938],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126939,3638],{"class":3448},[63,126941,126942],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126943,3577],{"class":3448},[20,126945,126946,126947,307],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[303,126948,126949],{"href":123536},[15,126950,123539],{},[54,126952,126954],{"className":56,"code":126953,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126955,126956,126968],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126957,126958,126960,126962,126964,126966],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126959,125892],{"class":382},[63,126961,386],{"class":270},[63,126963,1375],{"class":448},[63,126965,126877],{"class":452},[63,126967,1381],{"class":448},[63,126969,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,126971,70],{"class":69},[63,126973,74],{"class":73},[63,126975,125910],{"class":181},[63,126977,307],{"class":73},[63,126979,8249],{"class":181},[63,126981,8246],{"class":73},[63,126983,125915],{"class":181},[63,126985,74],{"class":73},[63,126987,2455],{"class":448},[63,126989,125922],{"class":452},[63,126991,2455],{"class":448},[63,126993,86],{"class":73},[20,126995,110],{},[54,126997,126998],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,126999,127000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127001,127002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127003,3577],{"class":3448},[49,127005,127007],{"id":127006},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127009,127010],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[54,127012,127014],{"className":56,"code":127013,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127015,127016,127029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127017,127018,127020,127022,127024,127027],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127019,125892],{"class":382},[63,127021,386],{"class":270},[63,127023,1375],{"class":448},[63,127025,127026],{"class":452},"picture.gif",[63,127028,1381],{"class":448},[63,127030,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127032,70],{"class":69},[63,127034,74],{"class":73},[63,127036,125910],{"class":181},[63,127038,307],{"class":73},[63,127040,125915],{"class":181},[63,127042,5112],{"class":73},[63,127044,2455],{"class":448},[63,127046,126300],{"class":452},[63,127048,2455],{"class":448},[63,127050,102],{"class":73},[63,127052,1375],{"class":448},[63,127054,126247],{"class":452},[63,127056,2455],{"class":448},[63,127058,102],{"class":73},[63,127060,1375],{"class":448},[63,127062,126317],{"class":452},[63,127064,2455],{"class":448},[63,127066,2510],{"class":73},[20,127068,110],{},[54,127070,127071],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,127072,127073],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127074,127075],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127076,3577],{"class":3448},[20,127078,127079],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127081,51696],{},[54,127083,127085],{"className":56,"code":127084,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127086,127087,127100,127135,127139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127088,127089,127092,127094,127096,127098],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127090,127091],{"class":382},"document ",[63,127093,386],{"class":270},[63,127095,1375],{"class":448},[63,127097,86513],{"class":452},[63,127099,1381],{"class":448},[63,127101,127102,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127115,127117,127119,127122,127124,127126,127128,127131,127133],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127103,127104],{"class":382},"allowed ",[63,127106,386],{"class":270},[63,127108,8846],{"class":73},[63,127110,2455],{"class":448},[63,127112,125945],{"class":452},[63,127114,2455],{"class":448},[63,127116,102],{"class":73},[63,127118,1375],{"class":448},[63,127120,127121],{"class":452},".md",[63,127123,2455],{"class":448},[63,127125,102],{"class":73},[63,127127,1375],{"class":448},[63,127129,127130],{"class":452},".docx",[63,127132,2455],{"class":448},[63,127134,397],{"class":73},[63,127136,127137],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,127138,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,127140,127141,127143,127145,127148,127150,127152,127154,127157],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,127142,70],{"class":69},[63,127144,74],{"class":73},[63,127146,127147],{"class":181},"document",[63,127149,307],{"class":73},[63,127151,125915],{"class":181},[63,127153,74],{"class":73},[63,127155,127156],{"class":181},"allowed",[63,127158,86],{"class":73},[20,127160,110],{},[54,127162,127163],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,127164,127165],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127166,127167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127168,3577],{"class":3448},[20,127170,127171,127172,307],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[303,127173,125809,127175,10352],{"href":127174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127176,127177],{},"startswith()",[49,127179,1186],{"id":1185},[20,127181,8056,127182,307],{},[15,127183,125867],{},[1193,127185,127187],{"id":127186},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127189,4126],{},[54,127191,127193],{"className":56,"code":127192,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127194,127195,127207],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127196,127197,127199,127201,127203,127205],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127198,125892],{"class":382},[63,127200,386],{"class":270},[63,127202,1375],{"class":448},[63,127204,126789],{"class":452},[63,127206,1381],{"class":448},[63,127208,127209],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127210,127211],{"class":1357},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127213,127214],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[54,127216,127218],{"className":56,"code":127217,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127219,127220,127232],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127221,127222,127224,127226,127228,127230],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127223,125892],{"class":382},[63,127225,386],{"class":270},[63,127227,1375],{"class":448},[63,127229,126789],{"class":452},[63,127231,1381],{"class":448},[63,127233,127234,127236,127238,127240,127242,127244,127246,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127235,70],{"class":69},[63,127237,74],{"class":73},[63,127239,125910],{"class":181},[63,127241,307],{"class":73},[63,127243,125915],{"class":181},[63,127245,5112],{"class":73},[63,127247,2455],{"class":448},[63,127249,126300],{"class":452},[63,127251,2455],{"class":448},[63,127253,102],{"class":73},[63,127255,1375],{"class":448},[63,127257,126247],{"class":452},[63,127259,2455],{"class":448},[63,127261,2510],{"class":73},[1193,127263,127265],{"id":127264},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[54,127267,127269],{"className":56,"code":127268,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127270,127271,127283],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127272,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127274,125892],{"class":382},[63,127276,386],{"class":270},[63,127278,1375],{"class":448},[63,127280,126877],{"class":452},[63,127282,1381],{"class":448},[63,127284,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127286,70],{"class":69},[63,127288,74],{"class":73},[63,127290,125910],{"class":181},[63,127292,307],{"class":73},[63,127294,125915],{"class":181},[63,127296,74],{"class":73},[63,127298,2455],{"class":448},[63,127300,125922],{"class":452},[63,127302,2455],{"class":448},[63,127304,86],{"class":73},[20,127306,110],{},[54,127308,127309],{"className":56,"code":3638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,127310,127311],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127312,127313],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127314,3638],{"class":3448},[20,127316,38888],{},[54,127318,127319],{"className":56,"code":126953,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,127320,127321,127333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127322,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127324,125892],{"class":382},[63,127326,386],{"class":270},[63,127328,1375],{"class":448},[63,127330,126877],{"class":452},[63,127332,1381],{"class":448},[63,127334,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127336,70],{"class":69},[63,127338,74],{"class":73},[63,127340,125910],{"class":181},[63,127342,307],{"class":73},[63,127344,8249],{"class":181},[63,127346,8246],{"class":73},[63,127348,125915],{"class":181},[63,127350,74],{"class":73},[63,127352,2455],{"class":448},[63,127354,125922],{"class":452},[63,127356,2455],{"class":448},[63,127358,86],{"class":73},[1193,127360,36829,127362,8314,127364],{"id":127361},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127363,125867],{},[15,127365,3480],{},[20,127367,127368,127370],{},[15,127369,125867],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[54,127372,127374],{"className":56,"code":127373,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127375,127376,127389,127393,127415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127377,127378,127380,127382,127384,127387],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127379,1370],{"class":382},[63,127381,386],{"class":270},[63,127383,1375],{"class":448},[63,127385,127386],{"class":452},"my_report.csv.backup",[63,127388,1381],{"class":448},[63,127390,127391],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127392,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,127394,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,127396,70],{"class":69},[63,127398,74],{"class":73},[63,127400,1396],{"class":181},[63,127402,307],{"class":73},[63,127404,125915],{"class":181},[63,127406,74],{"class":73},[63,127408,2455],{"class":448},[63,127410,125922],{"class":452},[63,127412,2455],{"class":448},[63,127414,86],{"class":73},[63,127416,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,127418,70],{"class":69},[63,127420,74],{"class":73},[63,127422,2455],{"class":448},[63,127424,125922],{"class":452},[63,127426,2455],{"class":448},[63,127428,20793],{"class":3473},[63,127430,42458],{"class":181},[63,127432,397],{"class":73},[20,127434,110],{},[54,127436,127437],{"className":56,"code":126933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,127438,127439,127443],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127440,127441],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127442,3638],{"class":3448},[63,127444,127445],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127446,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,127448,1196,127450,127452],{"id":127449},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127451,125867],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127454,127455,127457],{},[15,127456,125867],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[54,127459,127461],{"className":56,"code":127460,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127462,127463,127475,127497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127464,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127466,125892],{"class":382},[63,127468,386],{"class":270},[63,127470,1375],{"class":448},[63,127472,125899],{"class":452},[63,127474,1381],{"class":448},[63,127476,127477,127479,127481,127483,127485,127487,127489,127491,127493,127495],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127478,70],{"class":69},[63,127480,74],{"class":73},[63,127482,125910],{"class":181},[63,127484,307],{"class":73},[63,127486,125915],{"class":181},[63,127488,74],{"class":73},[63,127490,2455],{"class":448},[63,127492,125922],{"class":452},[63,127494,2455],{"class":448},[63,127496,86],{"class":73},[63,127498,127499,127501,127503,127505],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,127500,70],{"class":69},[63,127502,74],{"class":73},[63,127504,125910],{"class":181},[63,127506,397],{"class":73},[20,127508,110],{},[54,127510,127512],{"className":56,"code":127511,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127513,127514,127518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127515,127516],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127517,3577],{"class":3448},[63,127519,127520,127523,127525],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127521,127522],{"class":382},"report",[63,127524,307],{"class":73},[63,127526,127527],{"class":24370},"csv\n",[20,127529,127530,127531,307],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[303,127532,127533],{"href":123977},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127535,65681],{},[30,127537,127538,127541,127544,127547],{},[33,127539,127540],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,127542,127543],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,127545,127546],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,127548,311,127549,44247,127551,632,127553,111006],{},[15,127550,125867],{},[15,127552,123980],{},[15,127554,41270],{},[20,127556,29756],{},[54,127558,127560],{"className":56,"code":127559,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127561,127562,127572,127586,127608,127634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127563,127564,127566,127568,127570],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127565,70],{"class":69},[63,127567,74],{"class":73},[63,127569,1396],{"class":181},[63,127571,397],{"class":73},[63,127573,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127575,70],{"class":69},[63,127577,74],{"class":73},[63,127579,41396],{"class":69},[63,127581,74],{"class":73},[63,127583,1396],{"class":181},[63,127585,86],{"class":73},[63,127587,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,127589,70],{"class":69},[63,127591,74],{"class":73},[63,127593,1396],{"class":181},[63,127595,307],{"class":73},[63,127597,125915],{"class":181},[63,127599,74],{"class":73},[63,127601,456],{"class":448},[63,127603,125922],{"class":452},[63,127605,456],{"class":448},[63,127607,86],{"class":73},[63,127609,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,127611,70],{"class":69},[63,127613,74],{"class":73},[63,127615,1396],{"class":181},[63,127617,307],{"class":73},[63,127619,8249],{"class":181},[63,127621,8246],{"class":73},[63,127623,125915],{"class":181},[63,127625,74],{"class":73},[63,127627,456],{"class":448},[63,127629,125922],{"class":452},[63,127631,456],{"class":448},[63,127633,86],{"class":73},[63,127635,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,127637,70],{"class":69},[63,127639,74],{"class":73},[63,127641,418],{"class":417},[63,127643,74],{"class":73},[63,127645,1396],{"class":181},[63,127647,86],{"class":73},[49,127649,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,127651,1459,127653,127655],{"id":127652},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127654,125867],{}," change the string?",[20,127657,127658,127659,632,127661,307],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127660,3196],{},[15,127662,3269],{},[1193,127664,1482,127666,127668],{"id":127665},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127667,125867],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127670,127671,127672,307],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127673,127674],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1193,127676,14521,127678,124145],{"id":127677},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127679,125867],{},[20,127681,127682,127683,632,127685,127688],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127684,123539],{},[15,127686,127687],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1193,127690,4781,127692,3993,127694,1506],{"id":127691},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127693,125867],{},[15,127695,123804],{},[20,127697,127698,127700,127701,127703],{},[15,127699,125867],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127702,123804],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[49,127705,1517],{"id":1516},[30,127707,127708,127714,127720,127724,127728],{},[33,127709,127710],{},[303,127711,125809,127712,10352],{"href":127174},[15,127713,127177],{},[33,127715,127716],{},[303,127717,125809,127718,10352],{"href":123536},[15,127719,123539],{},[33,127721,127722],{},[303,127723,124208],{"href":123064},[33,127725,127726],{},[303,127727,124215],{"href":123977},[33,127729,127730],{},[303,127731,124564],{"href":50591},[1542,127733,127734],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":127736},[127737,127738,127740,127741,127746,127747,127753,127754,127755,127763,127773],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":125975,"depth":89,"text":127739},"What endswith() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":126190,"depth":89,"text":126191,"children":127742},[127743,127744,127745],{"id":126104,"depth":254,"text":126104},{"id":35696,"depth":254,"text":35696},{"id":52277,"depth":254,"text":52277},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":126603,"depth":89,"text":126604,"children":127748},[127749,127750,127751,127752],{"id":126607,"depth":254,"text":126608},{"id":126661,"depth":254,"text":126662},{"id":126718,"depth":254,"text":126719},{"id":126772,"depth":254,"text":126773},{"id":123455,"depth":89,"text":123456},{"id":127006,"depth":89,"text":127007},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":127756},[127757,127758,127759,127761],{"id":127186,"depth":254,"text":127187},{"id":127264,"depth":254,"text":127265},{"id":127361,"depth":254,"text":127760},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127449,"depth":254,"text":127762},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":127764},[127765,127767,127769,127771],{"id":127652,"depth":254,"text":127766},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127665,"depth":254,"text":127768},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127677,"depth":254,"text":127770},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127691,"depth":254,"text":127772},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125859,"description":127774},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127781,"title":127782,"body":127783,"description":129451,"extension":1580,"meta":129452,"navigation":579,"path":129453,"seo":129454,"stem":129455,"__hash__":129456},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127784,"toc":129424},[127785,127790,127795,127800,127805,127898,127908,127913,127918,127933,127935,128017,128025,128027,128029,128056,128058,128074,128081,128083,128191,128193,128198,128214,128216,128311,128319,128322,128328,128333,128338,128345,128484,128487,128500,128502,128506,128513,128583,128586,128635,128642,128649,128663,128668,128673,128719,128765,128781,128783,128788,128802,128805,128927,128932,128934,128939,128972,128975,129051,129053,129062,129076,129079,129163,129166,129277,129280,129308,129310,129317,129321,129327,129330,129336,129339,129346,129357,129363,129370,129372,129421],[10,127786,122809,127788,10935],{"id":127787},"python-string-find-method",[15,127789,123804],{},[20,127791,122814,127792,127794],{},[15,127793,123804],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127796,127797,127798,307],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127799,748],{},[20,127801,128,127802,127804],{},[15,127803,123804],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[54,127806,127808],{"className":56,"code":127807,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127809,127810,127822,127845,127858,127862,127885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127811,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127813,1370],{"class":382},[63,127815,386],{"class":270},[63,127817,1375],{"class":448},[63,127819,60025],{"class":452},[63,127821,1381],{"class":448},[63,127823,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127825,64539],{"class":382},[63,127827,386],{"class":270},[63,127829,42458],{"class":382},[63,127831,307],{"class":73},[63,127833,127834],{"class":181},"find",[63,127836,74],{"class":73},[63,127838,2455],{"class":448},[63,127840,60210],{"class":452},[63,127842,2455],{"class":448},[63,127844,397],{"class":73},[63,127846,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,127848,70],{"class":69},[63,127850,74],{"class":73},[63,127852,64566],{"class":181},[63,127854,3256],{"class":73},[63,127856,127857],{"class":1357},"   # 6\n",[63,127859,127860],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,127861,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,127863,127864,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,127865,127866],{"class":382},"missing ",[63,127868,386],{"class":270},[63,127870,42458],{"class":382},[63,127872,307],{"class":73},[63,127874,127834],{"class":181},[63,127876,74],{"class":73},[63,127878,2455],{"class":448},[63,127880,58],{"class":452},[63,127882,2455],{"class":448},[63,127884,397],{"class":73},[63,127886,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,127888,70],{"class":69},[63,127890,74],{"class":73},[63,127892,26393],{"class":181},[63,127894,3256],{"class":73},[63,127896,127897],{"class":1357},"    # -1\n",[43197,127899,127900],{},[20,127901,128,127902,127904,127905,127907],{},[15,127903,123804],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127906,748],{}," if the substring is not found.",[49,127909,138,127911,141],{"id":127910},"what-find-does",[15,127912,123804],{},[20,127914,127915,127917],{},[15,127916,123804],{}," is a string method that:",[30,127919,127920,127923,127926,127931],{},[33,127921,127922],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,127924,127925],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,127927,11037,127928,127930],{},[15,127929,748],{}," if no match is found",[33,127932,125995],{},[20,127934,1820],{},[54,127936,127938],{"className":56,"code":127937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127939,127940,127952,127956,127980,128004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127941,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127943,1370],{"class":382},[63,127945,386],{"class":270},[63,127947,1375],{"class":448},[63,127949,3686],{"class":452},[63,127951,1381],{"class":448},[63,127953,127954],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,127955,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,127957,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,127959,70],{"class":69},[63,127961,74],{"class":73},[63,127963,1396],{"class":181},[63,127965,307],{"class":73},[63,127967,127834],{"class":181},[63,127969,74],{"class":73},[63,127971,2455],{"class":448},[63,127973,122902],{"class":452},[63,127975,2455],{"class":448},[63,127977,4964],{"class":73},[63,127979,57263],{"class":1357},[63,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,127983,70],{"class":69},[63,127985,74],{"class":73},[63,127987,1396],{"class":181},[63,127989,307],{"class":73},[63,127991,127834],{"class":181},[63,127993,74],{"class":73},[63,127995,2455],{"class":448},[63,127997,1786],{"class":452},[63,127999,2455],{"class":448},[63,128001,4964],{"class":73},[63,128003,127897],{"class":1357},[63,128005,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,128007,70],{"class":69},[63,128009,74],{"class":73},[63,128011,1396],{"class":181},[63,128013,3256],{"class":73},[63,128015,128016],{"class":1357},"              # banana\n",[20,128018,20390,128019,128022,128023,307],{},[15,128020,128021],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128024,274],{},[49,128026,164],{"id":163},[20,128028,167],{},[54,128030,128032],{"className":56,"code":128031,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128033,128034],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128035,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128037,60793],{"class":382},[63,128039,307],{"class":73},[63,128041,127834],{"class":181},[63,128043,74],{"class":73},[63,128045,1002],{"class":181},[63,128047,102],{"class":73},[63,128049,35675],{"class":181},[63,128051,102],{"class":73},[63,128053,64660],{"class":181},[63,128055,397],{"class":73},[1193,128057,17013],{"id":17012},[30,128059,128060,128064,128069],{},[33,128061,128062,123001],{},[15,128063,1002],{},[33,128065,128066,128068],{},[15,128067,35696],{},": optional starting position",[33,128070,128071,128073],{},[15,128072,52277],{},": optional ending position",[20,128075,128076,3993,128078,128080],{},[15,128077,35696],{},[15,128079,52277],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128082,126138],{},[54,128084,128086],{"className":56,"code":128085,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128087,128088,128100,128104,128129,128158],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128089,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128091,1370],{"class":382},[63,128093,386],{"class":270},[63,128095,1375],{"class":448},[63,128097,60025],{"class":452},[63,128099,1381],{"class":448},[63,128101,128102],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128103,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128105,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128107,70],{"class":69},[63,128109,74],{"class":73},[63,128111,1396],{"class":181},[63,128113,307],{"class":73},[63,128115,127834],{"class":181},[63,128117,74],{"class":73},[63,128119,2455],{"class":448},[63,128121,60092],{"class":452},[63,128123,2455],{"class":448},[63,128125,4964],{"class":73},[63,128127,128128],{"class":1357},"        # 4\n",[63,128130,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,128132,70],{"class":69},[63,128134,74],{"class":73},[63,128136,1396],{"class":181},[63,128138,307],{"class":73},[63,128140,127834],{"class":181},[63,128142,74],{"class":73},[63,128144,2455],{"class":448},[63,128146,60092],{"class":452},[63,128148,2455],{"class":448},[63,128150,102],{"class":73},[63,128152,4206],{"class":82},[63,128154,4964],{"class":73},[63,128156,128157],{"class":1357},"     # 7\n",[63,128159,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,128161,70],{"class":69},[63,128163,74],{"class":73},[63,128165,1396],{"class":181},[63,128167,307],{"class":73},[63,128169,127834],{"class":181},[63,128171,74],{"class":73},[63,128173,2455],{"class":448},[63,128175,60092],{"class":452},[63,128177,2455],{"class":448},[63,128179,102],{"class":73},[63,128181,4206],{"class":82},[63,128183,102],{"class":73},[63,128185,5596],{"class":82},[63,128187,4964],{"class":73},[63,128189,128190],{"class":1357},"  # -1\n",[49,128192,37646],{"id":37645},[20,128194,57162,128195,128197],{},[15,128196,123804],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128199,128200,128206,128209],{},[33,128201,128202,128203,128205],{},"A number ",[15,128204,1734],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128207,128208],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128210,128211,128213],{},[15,128212,748],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128215,1820],{},[54,128217,128219],{"className":56,"code":128218,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128220,128221,128233,128237,128262,128287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128222,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128224,1370],{"class":382},[63,128226,386],{"class":270},[63,128228,1375],{"class":448},[63,128230,58],{"class":452},[63,128232,1381],{"class":448},[63,128234,128235],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128236,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128238,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128256,128258,128260],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128240,70],{"class":69},[63,128242,74],{"class":73},[63,128244,1396],{"class":181},[63,128246,307],{"class":73},[63,128248,127834],{"class":181},[63,128250,74],{"class":73},[63,128252,2455],{"class":448},[63,128254,128255],{"class":452},"py",[63,128257,2455],{"class":448},[63,128259,4964],{"class":73},[63,128261,20387],{"class":1357},[63,128263,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128281,128283,128285],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,128265,70],{"class":69},[63,128267,74],{"class":73},[63,128269,1396],{"class":181},[63,128271,307],{"class":73},[63,128273,127834],{"class":181},[63,128275,74],{"class":73},[63,128277,2455],{"class":448},[63,128279,128280],{"class":452},"th",[63,128282,2455],{"class":448},[63,128284,4964],{"class":73},[63,128286,57263],{"class":1357},[63,128288,128289,128291,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,128290,70],{"class":69},[63,128292,74],{"class":73},[63,128294,1396],{"class":181},[63,128296,307],{"class":73},[63,128298,127834],{"class":181},[63,128300,74],{"class":73},[63,128302,2455],{"class":448},[63,128304,21697],{"class":452},[63,128306,2455],{"class":448},[63,128308,4964],{"class":73},[63,128310,127897],{"class":1357},[20,128312,89528,128313,8064,128315,632,128317,307],{},[15,128314,123804],{},[15,128316,3196],{},[15,128318,3269],{},[20,128320,128321],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[49,128323,311,128324,3993,128326],{"id":65026},[15,128325,35696],{},[15,128327,52277],{},[20,128329,128,128330,128332],{},[15,128331,35696],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128334,128,128335,128337],{},[15,128336,52277],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128339,1597,128340,75080,128342,128344],{},[15,128341,52277],{},[833,128343,64689],{}," in the search.",[54,128346,128348],{"className":56,"code":128347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128349,128350,128363,128367,128391,128420,128452],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128351,128352,128354,128356,128358,128361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128353,1370],{"class":382},[63,128355,386],{"class":270},[63,128357,1375],{"class":448},[63,128359,128360],{"class":452},"one two three two",[63,128362,1381],{"class":448},[63,128364,128365],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128366,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128368,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387,128389],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128370,70],{"class":69},[63,128372,74],{"class":73},[63,128374,1396],{"class":181},[63,128376,307],{"class":73},[63,128378,127834],{"class":181},[63,128380,74],{"class":73},[63,128382,2455],{"class":448},[63,128384,78889],{"class":452},[63,128386,2455],{"class":448},[63,128388,4964],{"class":73},[63,128390,128128],{"class":1357},[63,128392,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,128394,70],{"class":69},[63,128396,74],{"class":73},[63,128398,1396],{"class":181},[63,128400,307],{"class":73},[63,128402,127834],{"class":181},[63,128404,74],{"class":73},[63,128406,2455],{"class":448},[63,128408,78889],{"class":452},[63,128410,2455],{"class":448},[63,128412,102],{"class":73},[63,128414,4206],{"class":82},[63,128416,4964],{"class":73},[63,128418,128419],{"class":1357},"     # 14\n",[63,128421,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,128423,70],{"class":69},[63,128425,74],{"class":73},[63,128427,1396],{"class":181},[63,128429,307],{"class":73},[63,128431,127834],{"class":181},[63,128433,74],{"class":73},[63,128435,2455],{"class":448},[63,128437,78889],{"class":452},[63,128439,2455],{"class":448},[63,128441,102],{"class":73},[63,128443,3429],{"class":82},[63,128445,102],{"class":73},[63,128447,5596],{"class":82},[63,128449,4964],{"class":73},[63,128451,50551],{"class":1357},[63,128453,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,128455,70],{"class":69},[63,128457,74],{"class":73},[63,128459,1396],{"class":181},[63,128461,307],{"class":73},[63,128463,127834],{"class":181},[63,128465,74],{"class":73},[63,128467,2455],{"class":448},[63,128469,78889],{"class":452},[63,128471,2455],{"class":448},[63,128473,102],{"class":73},[63,128475,3429],{"class":82},[63,128477,102],{"class":73},[63,128479,2061],{"class":82},[63,128481,4964],{"class":73},[63,128483,128190],{"class":1357},[20,128485,128486],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128488,128489,128490,54686,128494,307],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[303,128491,128493],{"href":128492},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[303,128495,128497,128499],{"href":128496},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128498,60150],{}," string method",[49,128501,123456],{"id":123455},[20,128503,128504,123267],{},[15,128505,123804],{},[20,128507,126854,128508,3993,128510,128512],{},[15,128509,90036],{},[15,128511,64154],{}," are treated as different text.",[54,128514,128516],{"className":56,"code":128515,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128517,128518,128531,128535,128559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128519,128520,128522,128524,128526,128529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128521,1370],{"class":382},[63,128523,386],{"class":270},[63,128525,1375],{"class":448},[63,128527,128528],{"class":452},"Hello World",[63,128530,1381],{"class":448},[63,128532,128533],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128534,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128536,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128538,70],{"class":69},[63,128540,74],{"class":73},[63,128542,1396],{"class":181},[63,128544,307],{"class":73},[63,128546,127834],{"class":181},[63,128548,74],{"class":73},[63,128550,2455],{"class":448},[63,128552,34489],{"class":452},[63,128554,2455],{"class":448},[63,128556,4964],{"class":73},[63,128558,50863],{"class":1357},[63,128560,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,128562,70],{"class":69},[63,128564,74],{"class":73},[63,128566,1396],{"class":181},[63,128568,307],{"class":73},[63,128570,127834],{"class":181},[63,128572,74],{"class":73},[63,128574,2455],{"class":448},[63,128576,3441],{"class":452},[63,128578,2455],{"class":448},[63,128580,4964],{"class":73},[63,128582,128190],{"class":1357},[20,128584,128585],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[54,128587,128589],{"className":56,"code":128588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128590,128591,128603,128607],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128592,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128594,1370],{"class":382},[63,128596,386],{"class":270},[63,128598,1375],{"class":448},[63,128600,128528],{"class":452},[63,128602,1381],{"class":448},[63,128604,128605],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128606,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128608,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128610,70],{"class":69},[63,128612,74],{"class":73},[63,128614,1396],{"class":181},[63,128616,307],{"class":73},[63,128618,8249],{"class":181},[63,128620,8246],{"class":73},[63,128622,127834],{"class":181},[63,128624,74],{"class":73},[63,128626,2455],{"class":448},[63,128628,3441],{"class":452},[63,128630,2455],{"class":448},[63,128632,4964],{"class":73},[63,128634,50863],{"class":1357},[49,128636,128638,10197,128640],{"id":128637},"find-vs-index",[15,128639,123804],{},[15,128641,58586],{},[20,128643,128644,3993,128646,128648],{},[15,128645,123804],{},[15,128647,58586],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,128650,128651,128657],{},[33,128652,128653,2004,128655],{},[15,128654,123804],{},[15,128656,748],{},[33,128658,128659,52111,128661],{},[15,128660,58586],{},[15,128662,40326],{},[20,128664,128,128665,128667],{},[15,128666,123804],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128669,128,128670,128672],{},[15,128671,58586],{}," when the value must exist.",[54,128674,128676],{"className":56,"code":128675,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128677,128678,128690,128694],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128679,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128681,1370],{"class":382},[63,128683,386],{"class":270},[63,128685,1375],{"class":448},[63,128687,3441],{"class":452},[63,128689,1381],{"class":448},[63,128691,128692],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128693,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128695,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128697,70],{"class":69},[63,128699,74],{"class":73},[63,128701,1396],{"class":181},[63,128703,307],{"class":73},[63,128705,127834],{"class":181},[63,128707,74],{"class":73},[63,128709,2455],{"class":448},[63,128711,1786],{"class":452},[63,128713,2455],{"class":448},[63,128715,4964],{"class":73},[63,128717,128718],{"class":1357},"   # -1\n",[54,128720,128722],{"className":56,"code":128721,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128723,128724,128736,128740],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128725,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128727,1370],{"class":382},[63,128729,386],{"class":270},[63,128731,1375],{"class":448},[63,128733,3441],{"class":452},[63,128735,1381],{"class":448},[63,128737,128738],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128739,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128741,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128743,70],{"class":69},[63,128745,74],{"class":73},[63,128747,1396],{"class":181},[63,128749,307],{"class":73},[63,128751,35469],{"class":181},[63,128753,74],{"class":73},[63,128755,2455],{"class":448},[63,128757,1786],{"class":452},[63,128759,2455],{"class":448},[63,128761,4964],{"class":73},[63,128763,128764],{"class":1357},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128766,128767,128768,128772,128773,128775,128776,307],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[303,128769,128770,128499],{"href":123829},[15,128771,58586],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128774,58586],{},", read ",[303,128777,25299,128778],{"href":73100},[15,128779,128780],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[49,128782,40665],{"id":40664},[20,128784,35028,128785,128787],{},[15,128786,123804],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,128789,128790,128793,128796,128799],{},[33,128791,128792],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,128794,128795],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,128797,128798],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,128800,128801],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128803,128804],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[54,128806,128808],{"className":56,"code":128807,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128809,128810,128823,128846,128850,128865,128881,128900,128914],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128811,128812,128814,128816,128818,128821],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128813,1370],{"class":382},[63,128815,386],{"class":270},[63,128817,1375],{"class":448},[63,128819,128820],{"class":452},"name:Alice",[63,128822,1381],{"class":448},[63,128824,128825,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128826,128827],{"class":382},"colon_pos ",[63,128829,386],{"class":270},[63,128831,42458],{"class":382},[63,128833,307],{"class":73},[63,128835,127834],{"class":181},[63,128837,74],{"class":73},[63,128839,2455],{"class":448},[63,128841,2482],{"class":452},[63,128843,2455],{"class":448},[63,128845,397],{"class":73},[63,128847,128848],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128849,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128851,128852,128854,128857,128859,128861,128863],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,128853,6602],{"class":3473},[63,128855,128856],{"class":382}," colon_pos ",[63,128858,72210],{"class":270},[63,128860,271],{"class":270},[63,128862,674],{"class":82},[63,128864,5996],{"class":73},[63,128866,128867,128870,128872,128874,128876,128879],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,128868,128869],{"class":382},"    label ",[63,128871,386],{"class":270},[63,128873,42458],{"class":382},[63,128875,75153],{"class":73},[63,128877,128878],{"class":382},"colon_pos",[63,128880,3229],{"class":73},[63,128882,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,128884,27021],{"class":382},[63,128886,386],{"class":270},[63,128888,42458],{"class":382},[63,128890,3497],{"class":73},[63,128892,128827],{"class":382},[63,128894,1675],{"class":270},[63,128896,249],{"class":82},[63,128898,128899],{"class":73},":]\n",[63,128901,128902,128904,128906,128909,128911],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,128903,7677],{"class":69},[63,128905,74],{"class":73},[63,128907,128908],{"class":181},"label",[63,128910,3256],{"class":73},[63,128912,128913],{"class":1357},"  # name\n",[63,128915,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,128917,7677],{"class":69},[63,128919,74],{"class":73},[63,128921,1002],{"class":181},[63,128923,3256],{"class":73},[63,128925,128926],{"class":1357},"  # Alice\n",[20,128928,128929,128930,307],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[303,128931,126845],{"href":123064},[49,128933,1186],{"id":1185},[20,128935,128936,128937,2482],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128938,123804],{},[30,128940,128941,128950,128956,128961,128967],{},[33,128942,1196,128943,8064,128945,632,128947,128949],{},[15,128944,123804],{},[15,128946,3196],{},[15,128948,3269],{}," instead of an index",[33,128951,128952,128953,128955],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128954,748],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,128957,311,128958,128960],{},[15,128959,123804],{}," without handling case differences",[33,128962,36829,128963,8314,128965],{},[15,128964,123804],{},[15,128966,58586],{},[33,128968,4180,128969,128971],{},[15,128970,123804],{}," changes the string",[20,128973,128974],{},"Example of a mistake:",[54,128976,128978],{"className":56,"code":128977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128979,128980,128992,128996,129016,129031,129037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128981,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128983,1370],{"class":382},[63,128985,386],{"class":270},[63,128987,1375],{"class":448},[63,128989,3441],{"class":452},[63,128991,1381],{"class":448},[63,128993,128994],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,128995,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,128997,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,128999,6602],{"class":3473},[63,129001,42458],{"class":382},[63,129003,307],{"class":73},[63,129005,127834],{"class":181},[63,129007,74],{"class":73},[63,129009,2455],{"class":448},[63,129011,60057],{"class":452},[63,129013,2455],{"class":448},[63,129015,7951],{"class":73},[63,129017,129018,129020,129022,129024,129027,129029],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,129019,7677],{"class":69},[63,129021,74],{"class":73},[63,129023,2455],{"class":448},[63,129025,129026],{"class":452},"Found",[63,129028,2455],{"class":448},[63,129030,397],{"class":73},[63,129032,129033,129035],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,129034,27054],{"class":3473},[63,129036,5996],{"class":73},[63,129038,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,129040,7677],{"class":69},[63,129042,74],{"class":73},[63,129044,2455],{"class":448},[63,129046,25935],{"class":452},[63,129048,2455],{"class":448},[63,129050,397],{"class":73},[20,129052,99370],{},[54,129054,129056],{"className":56,"code":129055,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Not found\n",[15,129057,129058],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129059,129060],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129061,129055],{"class":382},[20,129063,45321,129064,129067,129068,16690,129070,129072,129073,129075],{},[15,129065,129066],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129069,1734],{},[15,129071,1734],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129074,6602],{}," statement.",[20,129077,129078],{},"A safer version is:",[54,129080,129082],{"className":56,"code":129081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129083,129084,129096,129100,129129,129143,129149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129085,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129087,1370],{"class":382},[63,129089,386],{"class":270},[63,129091,1375],{"class":448},[63,129093,3441],{"class":452},[63,129095,1381],{"class":448},[63,129097,129098],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,129099,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,129101,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129123,129125,129127],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,129103,6602],{"class":3473},[63,129105,42458],{"class":382},[63,129107,307],{"class":73},[63,129109,127834],{"class":181},[63,129111,74],{"class":73},[63,129113,2455],{"class":448},[63,129115,60057],{"class":452},[63,129117,2455],{"class":448},[63,129119,3256],{"class":73},[63,129121,129122],{"class":270}," !=",[63,129124,271],{"class":270},[63,129126,674],{"class":82},[63,129128,5996],{"class":73},[63,129130,129131,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,129132,7677],{"class":69},[63,129134,74],{"class":73},[63,129136,2455],{"class":448},[63,129138,129026],{"class":452},[63,129140,2455],{"class":448},[63,129142,397],{"class":73},[63,129144,129145,129147],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,129146,27054],{"class":3473},[63,129148,5996],{"class":73},[63,129150,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,129152,7677],{"class":69},[63,129154,74],{"class":73},[63,129156,2455],{"class":448},[63,129158,25935],{"class":452},[63,129160,2455],{"class":448},[63,129162,397],{"class":73},[20,129164,129165],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[54,129167,129169],{"className":56,"code":129168,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129170,129171,129193,129207,129233,129247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129172,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129174,70],{"class":69},[63,129176,74],{"class":73},[63,129178,1396],{"class":181},[63,129180,307],{"class":73},[63,129182,127834],{"class":181},[63,129184,74],{"class":73},[63,129186,456],{"class":448},[63,129188,38017],{"class":452},[63,129190,456],{"class":448},[63,129192,86],{"class":73},[63,129194,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,129196,70],{"class":69},[63,129198,74],{"class":73},[63,129200,41396],{"class":69},[63,129202,74],{"class":73},[63,129204,1396],{"class":181},[63,129206,86],{"class":73},[63,129208,129209,129211,129213,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,129210,70],{"class":69},[63,129212,74],{"class":73},[63,129214,1396],{"class":181},[63,129216,307],{"class":73},[63,129218,8249],{"class":181},[63,129220,8246],{"class":73},[63,129222,127834],{"class":181},[63,129224,74],{"class":73},[63,129226,456],{"class":448},[63,129228,38017],{"class":452},[63,129230,456],{"class":448},[63,129232,86],{"class":73},[63,129234,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,129236,70],{"class":69},[63,129238,74],{"class":73},[63,129240,10774],{"class":69},[63,129242,74],{"class":73},[63,129244,1396],{"class":181},[63,129246,86],{"class":73},[63,129248,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,129250,70],{"class":69},[63,129252,74],{"class":73},[63,129254,1396],{"class":181},[63,129256,307],{"class":73},[63,129258,127834],{"class":181},[63,129260,74],{"class":73},[63,129262,456],{"class":448},[63,129264,38017],{"class":452},[63,129266,456],{"class":448},[63,129268,102],{"class":73},[63,129270,35675],{"class":181},[63,129272,102],{"class":73},[63,129274,64660],{"class":181},[63,129276,86],{"class":73},[20,129278,129279],{},"These help you check:",[30,129281,129282,129287,129292,129297,129300],{},[33,129283,129284,129285],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129286,123804],{},[33,129288,129289,129290],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129291,122023],{},[33,129293,129294,129295],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129296,123539],{},[33,129298,129299],{},"The string length",[33,129301,129302,129303,3993,129305,129307],{},"Whether your ",[15,129304,35696],{},[15,129306,52277],{}," values are correct",[49,129309,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,129311,129313,129314,129316],{"id":129312},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129315,123804],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129318,4750,129319,307],{},[15,129320,748],{},[1193,129322,1459,129324,129326],{"id":129323},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129325,123804],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129328,129329],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1193,129331,129333,129334,124145],{"id":129332},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129335,123804],{},[20,129337,129338],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1193,129340,4781,129342,3993,129344,69273],{"id":129341},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129343,123804],{},[15,129345,58586],{},[20,129347,129348,2004,129350,129352,129353,52111,129355,307],{},[15,129349,123804],{},[15,129351,748],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129354,58586],{},[15,129356,40326],{},[1193,129358,1499,129360,129362],{"id":129359},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129361,123804],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129364,129365,129366,3993,129368,65771],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129367,35696],{},[15,129369,52277],{},[49,129371,1517],{"id":1516},[30,129373,129374,129380,129386,129393,129399,129406,129410,129415],{},[33,129375,129376],{},[303,129377,125809,129378,10352],{"href":123829},[15,129379,58586],{},[33,129381,129382],{},[303,129383,125809,129384,10352],{"href":128496},[15,129385,60150],{},[33,129387,129388],{},[303,129389,125809,129391,10352],{"href":129390},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129392,123980],{},[33,129394,129395],{},[303,129396,125809,129397,10352],{"href":127174},[15,129398,127177],{},[33,129400,129401],{},[303,129402,125809,129404,10352],{"href":129403},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129405,125867],{},[33,129407,129408],{},[303,129409,124208],{"href":123064},[33,129411,129412],{},[303,129413,129414],{"href":128492},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129416,129417],{},[303,129418,25742,129419],{"href":73100},[15,129420,128780],{},[1542,129422,129423],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":129425},[129426,129428,129431,129432,129433,129434,129436,129437,129438,129450],{"id":127910,"depth":89,"text":129427},"What find() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":129429},[129430],{"id":17012,"depth":254,"text":17013},{"id":37645,"depth":89,"text":37646},{"id":65026,"depth":89,"text":65807},{"id":123455,"depth":89,"text":123456},{"id":128637,"depth":89,"text":129435},"find() vs index()",{"id":40664,"depth":89,"text":40665},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":129439},[129440,129442,129444,129446,129448],{"id":129312,"depth":254,"text":129441},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129323,"depth":254,"text":129443},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129332,"depth":254,"text":129445},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129341,"depth":254,"text":129447},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129359,"depth":254,"text":129449},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127782,"description":129451},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129458,"title":129459,"body":129460,"description":131386,"extension":1580,"meta":131387,"navigation":579,"path":131388,"seo":131389,"stem":131390,"__hash__":131391},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129461,"toc":131354},[129462,129467,129472,129475,129477,129553,129557,129585,129593,129597,129602,129606,129623,129625,129692,129696,129718,129726,129728,129731,129755,129758,129772,129774,129859,129863,129875,129878,129882,129888,129938,129942,129959,129968,129971,129979,129982,130031,130035,130060,130063,130118,130122,130134,130140,130144,130150,130155,130222,130226,130252,130255,130266,130268,130335,130339,130364,130371,130375,130380,130387,130395,130397,130449,130453,130471,130473,130518,130522,130537,130540,130550,130557,130559,130563,130566,130577,130579,130639,130643,130671,130674,130680,130685,130688,130692,130736,130739,130777,130780,130788,130790,130795,130799,130802,130850,130853,130856,130912,130916,130921,130924,130973,130975,131024,131030,131035,131037,131084,131088,131101,131103,131154,131160,131163,131167,131170,131176,131181,131183,131186,131258,131261,131278,131280,131285,131288,131292,131298,131304,131311,131317,131323,131325,131351],[10,129463,122809,129465,10935],{"id":129464},"python-string-format-method",[15,129466,125812],{},[20,129468,122814,129469,129471],{},[15,129470,125812],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129473,129474],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[49,129476,52],{"id":51},[54,129478,129480],{"className":56,"code":129479,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129481,129482,129494,129502,129506,129543],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129483,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129485,7484],{"class":382},[63,129487,386],{"class":270},[63,129489,1375],{"class":448},[63,129491,11123],{"class":452},[63,129493,1381],{"class":448},[63,129495,129496,129498,129500],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,129497,21248],{"class":382},[63,129499,386],{"class":270},[63,129501,88417],{"class":82},[63,129503,129504],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,129505,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,129507,129508,129510,129512,129514,129517,129519,129522,129524,129526,129528,129530,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,129509,89625],{"class":382},[63,129511,386],{"class":270},[63,129513,1375],{"class":448},[63,129515,129516],{"class":452},"My name is ",[63,129518,3387],{"class":82},[63,129520,129521],{"class":452}," and I am ",[63,129523,3387],{"class":82},[63,129525,121805],{"class":452},[63,129527,2455],{"class":448},[63,129529,307],{"class":73},[63,129531,129532],{"class":181},"format",[63,129534,74],{"class":73},[63,129536,7274],{"class":181},[63,129538,102],{"class":73},[63,129540,8798],{"class":181},[63,129542,397],{"class":73},[63,129544,129545,129547,129549,129551],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,129546,70],{"class":69},[63,129548,74],{"class":73},[63,129550,89642],{"class":181},[63,129552,397],{"class":73},[20,129554,129555],{},[833,129556,110],{},[54,129558,129560],{"className":56,"code":129559,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129561,129562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129563,129564,129567,129569,129572,129575,129578,129581,129583],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129565,129566],{"class":382},"My name ",[63,129568,11809],{"class":270},[63,129570,129571],{"class":382}," Maya ",[63,129573,129574],{"class":270},"and",[63,129576,129577],{"class":382}," I am ",[63,129579,129580],{"class":82},"12",[63,129582,121838],{"class":382},[63,129584,121841],{"class":73},[20,129586,128,129587,129589,129590,129592],{},[15,129588,3387],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129591,125812],{}," in the same order.",[20,129594,124561,129595,307],{},[303,129596,124564],{"href":50591},[49,129598,12612,129600,12615],{"id":129599},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129601,125812],{},[20,129603,1597,129604,11026],{},[15,129605,125812],{},[30,129607,129608,129611,129617,129620],{},[33,129609,129610],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,129612,129613,129614,129616],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129615,3387],{}," with given values",[33,129618,129619],{},"returns a new string",[33,129621,129622],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129624,1820],{},[54,129626,129628],{"className":56,"code":129627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129629,129630,129644,129667,129671,129682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129631,129632,129634,129636,129638,129640,129642],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129633,1370],{"class":382},[63,129635,386],{"class":270},[63,129637,1375],{"class":448},[63,129639,44519],{"class":452},[63,129641,3387],{"class":82},[63,129643,1381],{"class":448},[63,129645,129646,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,129647,129648],{"class":382},"new_text ",[63,129650,386],{"class":270},[63,129652,42458],{"class":382},[63,129654,307],{"class":73},[63,129656,129532],{"class":181},[63,129658,74],{"class":73},[63,129660,2455],{"class":448},[63,129662,7283],{"class":452},[63,129664,2455],{"class":448},[63,129666,397],{"class":73},[63,129668,129669],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,129670,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,129672,129673,129675,129677,129680],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,129674,70],{"class":69},[63,129676,74],{"class":73},[63,129678,129679],{"class":181},"new_text",[63,129681,397],{"class":73},[63,129683,129684,129686,129688,129690],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,129685,70],{"class":69},[63,129687,74],{"class":73},[63,129689,1396],{"class":181},[63,129691,397],{"class":73},[20,129693,129694],{},[833,129695,110],{},[54,129697,129699],{"className":56,"code":129698,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129700,129701,129710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129702,129703,129705,129707],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129704,34489],{"class":382},[63,129706,102],{"class":73},[63,129708,129709],{"class":382}," Sam\n",[63,129711,129712,129714,129716],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,129713,34489],{"class":382},[63,129715,102],{"class":73},[63,129717,9449],{"class":73},[20,129719,1895,129720,129722,129723,129725],{},[15,129721,1396],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129724,125812],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[49,129727,164],{"id":163},[20,129729,129730],{},"The general form is:",[54,129732,129734],{"className":56,"code":129733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129735,129736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129737,129738,129740,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129739,2455],{"class":42945},[63,129741,129742],{"class":42949},"text {}",[63,129744,2455],{"class":42945},[63,129746,307],{"class":73},[63,129748,129532],{"class":181},[63,129750,74],{"class":73},[63,129752,1002],{"class":181},[63,129754,397],{"class":73},[20,129756,129757],{},"Key idea:",[30,129759,129760,129766,129769],{},[33,129761,129762,129763,129765],{},"each ",[15,129764,3387],{}," is a placeholder",[33,129767,129768],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,129770,129771],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129773,1820],{},[54,129775,129777],{"className":56,"code":129776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129778,129779,129792,129806,129810,129848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129780,129781,129784,129786,129788,129790],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129782,129783],{"class":382},"animal ",[63,129785,386],{"class":270},[63,129787,1375],{"class":448},[63,129789,36672],{"class":452},[63,129791,1381],{"class":448},[63,129793,129794,129797,129799,129801,129804],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,129795,129796],{"class":382},"sound ",[63,129798,386],{"class":270},[63,129800,1375],{"class":448},[63,129802,129803],{"class":452},"meow",[63,129805,1381],{"class":448},[63,129807,129808],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,129809,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,129811,129812,129815,129817,129819,129821,129823,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838,129841,129843,129846],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,129813,129814],{"class":382},"sentence ",[63,129816,386],{"class":270},[63,129818,1375],{"class":448},[63,129820,1597],{"class":452},[63,129822,3387],{"class":82},[63,129824,129825],{"class":452}," says ",[63,129827,3387],{"class":82},[63,129829,307],{"class":452},[63,129831,2455],{"class":448},[63,129833,307],{"class":73},[63,129835,129532],{"class":181},[63,129837,74],{"class":73},[63,129839,129840],{"class":181},"animal",[63,129842,102],{"class":73},[63,129844,129845],{"class":181}," sound",[63,129847,397],{"class":73},[63,129849,129850,129852,129854,129857],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,129851,70],{"class":69},[63,129853,74],{"class":73},[63,129855,129856],{"class":181},"sentence",[63,129858,397],{"class":73},[20,129860,129861],{},[833,129862,110],{},[54,129864,129866],{"className":56,"code":129865,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129867,129868],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129869,129870,129873],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129871,129872],{"class":382},"The cat says meow",[63,129874,121841],{"class":73},[20,129876,129877],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[49,129879,129881],{"id":129880},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129883,129884,129885,129887],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129886,3387],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[54,129889,129891],{"className":56,"code":129890,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129892,129893],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129894,129895,129897,129899,129901,129904,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922,129925,129927,129929,129931,129934,129936],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129896,70],{"class":69},[63,129898,74],{"class":73},[63,129900,2455],{"class":448},[63,129902,129903],{"class":452},"I like ",[63,129905,3387],{"class":82},[63,129907,3993],{"class":452},[63,129909,3387],{"class":82},[63,129911,307],{"class":452},[63,129913,2455],{"class":448},[63,129915,307],{"class":73},[63,129917,129532],{"class":181},[63,129919,74],{"class":73},[63,129921,2455],{"class":448},[63,129923,129924],{"class":452},"pizza",[63,129926,2455],{"class":448},[63,129928,102],{"class":73},[63,129930,1375],{"class":448},[63,129932,129933],{"class":452},"pasta",[63,129935,2455],{"class":448},[63,129937,86],{"class":73},[20,129939,129940],{},[833,129941,110],{},[54,129943,129945],{"className":56,"code":129944,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129946,129947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129948,129949,129952,129954,129957],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129950,129951],{"class":382},"I like pizza ",[63,129953,129574],{"class":270},[63,129955,129956],{"class":382}," pasta",[63,129958,121841],{"class":73},[20,129960,129961,129962,3993,129965,307],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129963,129964],{},"{0}",[15,129966,129967],{},"{1}",[20,129969,129970],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,129972,129973,129976],{},[33,129974,129975],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,129977,129978],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129980,129981],{},"Example with reused values:",[54,129983,129985],{"className":56,"code":129984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129986,129987,130021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129988,129989,129991,129993,129995,129997,130000,130002,130005,130007,130009,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129990,1370],{"class":382},[63,129992,386],{"class":270},[63,129994,1375],{"class":448},[63,129996,129964],{"class":82},[63,129998,129999],{"class":452}," is learning Python. ",[63,130001,129964],{"class":82},[63,130003,130004],{"class":452}," likes coding.",[63,130006,2455],{"class":448},[63,130008,307],{"class":73},[63,130010,129532],{"class":181},[63,130012,74],{"class":73},[63,130014,2455],{"class":448},[63,130016,19502],{"class":452},[63,130018,2455],{"class":448},[63,130020,397],{"class":73},[63,130022,130023,130025,130027,130029],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130024,70],{"class":69},[63,130026,74],{"class":73},[63,130028,1396],{"class":181},[63,130030,397],{"class":73},[20,130032,130033],{},[833,130034,110],{},[54,130036,130038],{"className":56,"code":130037,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130039,130040],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130041,130042,130045,130047,130050,130052,130055,130058],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130043,130044],{"class":382},"Lina ",[63,130046,11809],{"class":270},[63,130048,130049],{"class":382}," learning Python",[63,130051,307],{"class":73},[63,130053,130054],{"class":24370}," Lina",[63,130056,130057],{"class":382}," likes coding",[63,130059,121841],{"class":73},[20,130061,130062],{},"Example with changed order:",[54,130064,130066],{"className":56,"code":130065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130067,130068,130108],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130069,130070,130072,130074,130076,130078,130080,130082,130084,130086,130088,130090,130092,130094,130096,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130071,1370],{"class":382},[63,130073,386],{"class":270},[63,130075,1375],{"class":448},[63,130077,129967],{"class":82},[63,130079,82944],{"class":452},[63,130081,129964],{"class":82},[63,130083,307],{"class":452},[63,130085,2455],{"class":448},[63,130087,307],{"class":73},[63,130089,129532],{"class":181},[63,130091,74],{"class":73},[63,130093,2455],{"class":448},[63,130095,6189],{"class":452},[63,130097,2455],{"class":448},[63,130099,102],{"class":73},[63,130101,1375],{"class":448},[63,130103,78889],{"class":452},[63,130105,2455],{"class":448},[63,130107,397],{"class":73},[63,130109,130110,130112,130114,130116],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130111,70],{"class":69},[63,130113,74],{"class":73},[63,130115,1396],{"class":181},[63,130117,397],{"class":73},[20,130119,130120],{},[833,130121,110],{},[54,130123,130125],{"className":56,"code":130124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130126,130127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130128,130129,130132],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130130,130131],{"class":382},"two comes after one",[63,130133,121841],{"class":73},[20,130135,130136,130137,130139],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130138,3387],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[49,130141,130143],{"id":130142},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130145,130146,130147,307],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130148,130149],{},"{name}",[20,130151,130152,130153,2482],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130154,125812],{},[54,130156,130158],{"className":56,"code":130157,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130159,130160,130212],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130161,130162,130164,130166,130168,130170,130172,130175,130178,130180,130182,130184,130186,130188,130190,130192,130194,130196,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206,130208,130210],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130163,1370],{"class":382},[63,130165,386],{"class":270},[63,130167,1375],{"class":448},[63,130169,129516],{"class":452},[63,130171,130149],{"class":82},[63,130173,130174],{"class":452}," and I live in ",[63,130176,130177],{"class":82},"{city}",[63,130179,307],{"class":452},[63,130181,2455],{"class":448},[63,130183,307],{"class":73},[63,130185,129532],{"class":181},[63,130187,74],{"class":73},[63,130189,7274],{"class":8785},[63,130191,386],{"class":270},[63,130193,2455],{"class":448},[63,130195,12496],{"class":452},[63,130197,2455],{"class":448},[63,130199,102],{"class":73},[63,130201,31006],{"class":8785},[63,130203,386],{"class":270},[63,130205,2455],{"class":448},[63,130207,15650],{"class":452},[63,130209,2455],{"class":448},[63,130211,397],{"class":73},[63,130213,130214,130216,130218,130220],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130215,70],{"class":69},[63,130217,74],{"class":73},[63,130219,1396],{"class":181},[63,130221,397],{"class":73},[20,130223,130224],{},[833,130225,110],{},[54,130227,130229],{"className":56,"code":130228,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130230,130231],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130232,130233,130235,130237,130240,130242,130245,130247,130250],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130234,129566],{"class":382},[63,130236,11809],{"class":270},[63,130238,130239],{"class":382}," Ana ",[63,130241,129574],{"class":270},[63,130243,130244],{"class":382}," I live ",[63,130246,3480],{"class":270},[63,130248,130249],{"class":382}," Lima",[63,130251,121841],{"class":73},[20,130253,130254],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130256,130257,130260,130263],{},[33,130258,130259],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130261,130262],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130264,130265],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130267,1820],{},[54,130269,130271],{"className":56,"code":130270,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130272,130273,130325],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130274,130275,130278,130280,130282,130285,130288,130291,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130311,130313,130315,130318,130320,130323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130276,130277],{"class":382},"report ",[63,130279,386],{"class":270},[63,130281,1375],{"class":448},[63,130283,130284],{"class":452},"Student: ",[63,130286,130287],{"class":82},"{student}",[63,130289,130290],{"class":452},", Score: ",[63,130292,130293],{"class":82},"{score}",[63,130295,2455],{"class":448},[63,130297,307],{"class":73},[63,130299,129532],{"class":181},[63,130301,74],{"class":73},[63,130303,13243],{"class":8785},[63,130305,386],{"class":270},[63,130307,2455],{"class":448},[63,130309,130310],{"class":452},"Noah",[63,130312,2455],{"class":448},[63,130314,102],{"class":73},[63,130316,130317],{"class":8785}," score",[63,130319,386],{"class":270},[63,130321,130322],{"class":82},"95",[63,130324,397],{"class":73},[63,130326,130327,130329,130331,130333],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130328,70],{"class":69},[63,130330,74],{"class":73},[63,130332,127522],{"class":181},[63,130334,397],{"class":73},[20,130336,130337],{},[833,130338,110],{},[54,130340,130342],{"className":56,"code":130341,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130343,130344],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130345,130346,130349,130351,130354,130356,130359,130361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130347,130348],{"class":382},"Student",[63,130350,2482],{"class":73},[63,130352,130353],{"class":382}," Noah",[63,130355,102],{"class":73},[63,130357,130358],{"class":382}," Score",[63,130360,2482],{"class":73},[63,130362,130363],{"class":82}," 95\n",[20,130365,130366,130367,307],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[303,130368,13,130369,469],{"href":41792},[15,130370,47300],{},[49,130372,130374],{"id":130373},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130376,130377,130379],{},[15,130378,125812],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130381,130382,130383,130386],{},"A common example is ",[15,130384,130385],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130388,130389,130392],{},[33,130390,130391],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130393,130394],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130396,1820],{},[54,130398,130400],{"className":56,"code":130399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130401,130402,130410,130439],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130403,130404,130406,130408],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130405,549],{"class":382},[63,130407,386],{"class":270},[63,130409,48891],{"class":82},[63,130411,130412,130414,130416,130418,130421,130423,130425,130427,130429,130431,130433,130435,130437],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130413,1370],{"class":382},[63,130415,386],{"class":270},[63,130417,1375],{"class":448},[63,130419,130420],{"class":452},"Price: $",[63,130422,8888],{"class":82},[63,130424,130385],{"class":444},[63,130426,21923],{"class":82},[63,130428,2455],{"class":448},[63,130430,307],{"class":73},[63,130432,129532],{"class":181},[63,130434,74],{"class":73},[63,130436,568],{"class":181},[63,130438,397],{"class":73},[63,130440,130441,130443,130445,130447],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,130442,70],{"class":69},[63,130444,74],{"class":73},[63,130446,1396],{"class":181},[63,130448,397],{"class":73},[20,130450,130451],{},[833,130452,110],{},[54,130454,130456],{"className":56,"code":130455,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130457,130458],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130459,130460,130463,130465,130468],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130461,130462],{"class":382},"Price",[63,130464,2482],{"class":73},[63,130466,130467],{"class":36992}," $",[63,130469,130470],{"class":82},"3.50\n",[20,130472,51696],{},[54,130474,130476],{"className":56,"code":130475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130477,130478,130488],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130479,130480,130483,130485],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130481,130482],{"class":382},"average ",[63,130484,386],{"class":270},[63,130486,130487],{"class":82}," 91.236\n",[63,130489,130490,130492,130494,130496,130499,130501,130503,130505,130507,130509,130511,130513,130516],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130491,70],{"class":69},[63,130493,74],{"class":73},[63,130495,2455],{"class":448},[63,130497,130498],{"class":452},"Average: ",[63,130500,8888],{"class":82},[63,130502,130385],{"class":444},[63,130504,21923],{"class":82},[63,130506,2455],{"class":448},[63,130508,307],{"class":73},[63,130510,129532],{"class":181},[63,130512,74],{"class":73},[63,130514,130515],{"class":181},"average",[63,130517,86],{"class":73},[20,130519,130520],{},[833,130521,110],{},[54,130523,130525],{"className":56,"code":130524,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130526,130527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130528,130529,130532,130534],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130530,130531],{"class":382},"Average",[63,130533,2482],{"class":73},[63,130535,130536],{"class":82}," 91.24\n",[20,130538,130539],{},"This is useful for:",[30,130541,130542,130544,130547],{},[33,130543,82702],{},[33,130545,130546],{},"averages",[33,130548,130549],{},"percentages",[20,130551,130552,130553,307],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[303,130554,13,130555,1912],{"href":46067},[15,130556,46070],{},[49,130558,17037],{"id":17036},[20,130560,130561,92139],{},[15,130562,125812],{},[20,130564,130565],{},"That means you can:",[30,130567,130568,130571,130574],{},[33,130569,130570],{},"save it in a variable",[33,130572,130573],{},"print it directly",[33,130575,130576],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130578,1820],{},[54,130580,130582],{"className":56,"code":130581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130583,130584,130615,130625],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130585,130586,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130604,130606,130608,130611,130613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130587,89625],{"class":382},[63,130589,386],{"class":270},[63,130591,1375],{"class":448},[63,130593,44519],{"class":452},[63,130595,3387],{"class":82},[63,130597,89466],{"class":452},[63,130599,2455],{"class":448},[63,130601,307],{"class":73},[63,130603,129532],{"class":181},[63,130605,74],{"class":73},[63,130607,2455],{"class":448},[63,130609,130610],{"class":452},"Chris",[63,130612,2455],{"class":448},[63,130614,397],{"class":73},[63,130616,130617,130619,130621,130623],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130618,70],{"class":69},[63,130620,74],{"class":73},[63,130622,89642],{"class":181},[63,130624,397],{"class":73},[63,130626,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,130628,70],{"class":69},[63,130630,74],{"class":73},[63,130632,418],{"class":417},[63,130634,74],{"class":73},[63,130636,89642],{"class":181},[63,130638,86],{"class":73},[20,130640,130641],{},[833,130642,110],{},[54,130644,130646],{"className":56,"code":130645,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130647,130648,130657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130649,130650,130652,130654],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130651,34489],{"class":382},[63,130653,102],{"class":73},[63,130655,130656],{"class":382}," Chris!\n",[63,130658,130659,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130660,441],{"class":270},[63,130662,445],{"class":444},[63,130664,449],{"class":448},[63,130666,3037],{"class":452},[63,130668,456],{"class":448},[63,130670,459],{"class":270},[20,130672,130673],{},"The original string is not changed.",[49,130675,130677,130679],{"id":130676},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130678,125812],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130681,130682,130684],{},[15,130683,125812],{}," is a string method.",[20,130686,130687],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130689,45658,130690,2482],{},[15,130691,125812],{},[54,130693,130695],{"className":56,"code":130694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130696,130697,130710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130698,130699,130701,130703,130705,130708],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130700,7484],{"class":382},[63,130702,386],{"class":270},[63,130704,1375],{"class":448},[63,130706,130707],{"class":452},"Rita",[63,130709,1381],{"class":448},[63,130711,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130713,70],{"class":69},[63,130715,74],{"class":73},[63,130717,2455],{"class":448},[63,130719,44519],{"class":452},[63,130721,3387],{"class":82},[63,130723,89466],{"class":452},[63,130725,2455],{"class":448},[63,130727,307],{"class":73},[63,130729,129532],{"class":181},[63,130731,74],{"class":73},[63,130733,7274],{"class":181},[63,130735,86],{"class":73},[20,130737,130738],{},"Example with an f-string:",[54,130740,130742],{"className":56,"code":130741,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130743,130744,130756],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130745,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130747,7484],{"class":382},[63,130749,386],{"class":270},[63,130751,1375],{"class":448},[63,130753,130707],{"class":452},[63,130755,1381],{"class":448},[63,130757,130758,130760,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130772,130775],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130759,70],{"class":69},[63,130761,74],{"class":73},[63,130763,21914],{"class":444},[63,130765,42963],{"class":452},[63,130767,8888],{"class":82},[63,130769,7274],{"class":181},[63,130771,21923],{"class":82},[63,130773,130774],{"class":452},"!\"",[63,130776,397],{"class":73},[20,130778,130779],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130781,130782,130783,130785,130786,307],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130784,125812],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[303,130787,89311],{"href":89310},[49,130789,1186],{"id":1185},[20,130791,130792,130793,307],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130794,125812],{},[1193,130796,130798],{"id":130797},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130800,130801],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[54,130803,130805],{"className":56,"code":130804,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130806,130807,130840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130808,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130822,130824,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130838],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130810,1370],{"class":382},[63,130812,386],{"class":270},[63,130814,1375],{"class":448},[63,130816,44519],{"class":452},[63,130818,3387],{"class":82},[63,130820,130821],{"class":82}," {}",[63,130823,89466],{"class":452},[63,130825,2455],{"class":448},[63,130827,307],{"class":73},[63,130829,129532],{"class":181},[63,130831,74],{"class":73},[63,130833,2455],{"class":448},[63,130835,7283],{"class":452},[63,130837,2455],{"class":448},[63,130839,397],{"class":73},[63,130841,130842,130844,130846,130848],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130843,70],{"class":69},[63,130845,74],{"class":73},[63,130847,1396],{"class":181},[63,130849,397],{"class":73},[20,130851,130852],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130854,130855],{},"Fixed version:",[54,130857,130859],{"className":56,"code":130858,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130860,130861,130902],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130862,130863,130865,130867,130869,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130898,130900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130864,1370],{"class":382},[63,130866,386],{"class":270},[63,130868,1375],{"class":448},[63,130870,44519],{"class":452},[63,130872,3387],{"class":82},[63,130874,130821],{"class":82},[63,130876,89466],{"class":452},[63,130878,2455],{"class":448},[63,130880,307],{"class":73},[63,130882,129532],{"class":181},[63,130884,74],{"class":73},[63,130886,2455],{"class":448},[63,130888,7283],{"class":452},[63,130890,2455],{"class":448},[63,130892,102],{"class":73},[63,130894,1375],{"class":448},[63,130896,130897],{"class":452},"Lee",[63,130899,2455],{"class":448},[63,130901,397],{"class":73},[63,130903,130904,130906,130908,130910],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130905,70],{"class":69},[63,130907,74],{"class":73},[63,130909,1396],{"class":181},[63,130911,397],{"class":73},[1193,130913,130915],{"id":130914},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130917,130918,130919,307],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130920,125812],{},[20,130922,130923],{},"Problem:",[54,130925,130927],{"className":56,"code":130926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130928,130929,130963],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130930,130931,130933,130935,130937,130939,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130953,130955,130957,130959,130961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130932,1370],{"class":382},[63,130934,386],{"class":270},[63,130936,1375],{"class":448},[63,130938,44519],{"class":452},[63,130940,130149],{"class":82},[63,130942,89466],{"class":452},[63,130944,2455],{"class":448},[63,130946,307],{"class":73},[63,130948,129532],{"class":181},[63,130950,74],{"class":73},[63,130952,7593],{"class":8785},[63,130954,386],{"class":270},[63,130956,2455],{"class":448},[63,130958,7283],{"class":452},[63,130960,2455],{"class":448},[63,130962,397],{"class":73},[63,130964,130965,130967,130969,130971],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,130966,70],{"class":69},[63,130968,74],{"class":73},[63,130970,1396],{"class":181},[63,130972,397],{"class":73},[20,130974,130855],{},[54,130976,130978],{"className":56,"code":130977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130979,130980,131014],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130981,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994,130996,130998,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010,131012],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130983,1370],{"class":382},[63,130985,386],{"class":270},[63,130987,1375],{"class":448},[63,130989,44519],{"class":452},[63,130991,130149],{"class":82},[63,130993,89466],{"class":452},[63,130995,2455],{"class":448},[63,130997,307],{"class":73},[63,130999,129532],{"class":181},[63,131001,74],{"class":73},[63,131003,7274],{"class":8785},[63,131005,386],{"class":270},[63,131007,2455],{"class":448},[63,131009,7283],{"class":452},[63,131011,2455],{"class":448},[63,131013,397],{"class":73},[63,131015,131016,131018,131020,131022],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131017,70],{"class":69},[63,131019,74],{"class":73},[63,131021,1396],{"class":181},[63,131023,397],{"class":73},[1193,131025,1196,131027,131029],{"id":131026},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131028,125812],{}," to change the original string",[20,131031,131032,131034],{},[15,131033,125812],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131036,130923],{},[54,131038,131040],{"className":56,"code":131039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131041,131042,131056,131074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131043,131044,131046,131048,131050,131052,131054],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131045,1370],{"class":382},[63,131047,386],{"class":270},[63,131049,1375],{"class":448},[63,131051,44519],{"class":452},[63,131053,3387],{"class":82},[63,131055,1381],{"class":448},[63,131057,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131059,1396],{"class":382},[63,131061,307],{"class":73},[63,131063,129532],{"class":181},[63,131065,74],{"class":73},[63,131067,2455],{"class":448},[63,131069,7283],{"class":452},[63,131071,2455],{"class":448},[63,131073,397],{"class":73},[63,131075,131076,131078,131080,131082],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,131077,70],{"class":69},[63,131079,74],{"class":73},[63,131081,1396],{"class":181},[63,131083,397],{"class":73},[20,131085,131086],{},[833,131087,110],{},[54,131089,131091],{"className":56,"code":131090,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131092,131093],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131094,131095,131097,131099],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131096,34489],{"class":382},[63,131098,102],{"class":73},[63,131100,9449],{"class":73},[20,131102,130855],{},[54,131104,131106],{"className":56,"code":131105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131107,131108,131122,131144],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131109,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118,131120],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131111,1370],{"class":382},[63,131113,386],{"class":270},[63,131115,1375],{"class":448},[63,131117,44519],{"class":452},[63,131119,3387],{"class":82},[63,131121,1381],{"class":448},[63,131123,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131125,1370],{"class":382},[63,131127,386],{"class":270},[63,131129,42458],{"class":382},[63,131131,307],{"class":73},[63,131133,129532],{"class":181},[63,131135,74],{"class":73},[63,131137,2455],{"class":448},[63,131139,7283],{"class":452},[63,131141,2455],{"class":448},[63,131143,397],{"class":73},[63,131145,131146,131148,131150,131152],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,131147,70],{"class":69},[63,131149,74],{"class":73},[63,131151,1396],{"class":181},[63,131153,397],{"class":73},[1193,131155,4305,131157,131159],{"id":131156},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131158,125812],{}," returns a new string",[20,131161,131162],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1193,131164,131166],{"id":131165},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131168,131169],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131171,131172,131173,131175],{},"Use simple ",[15,131174,3387],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131177,131178,131179,307],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[303,131180,90024],{"href":90023},[49,131182,67513],{"id":67512},[20,131184,131185],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[54,131187,131189],{"className":56,"code":131188,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131190,131191,131201,131215,131244],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131192,131193,131195,131197,131199],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131194,70],{"class":69},[63,131196,74],{"class":73},[63,131198,1396],{"class":181},[63,131200,397],{"class":73},[63,131202,131203,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131204,70],{"class":69},[63,131206,74],{"class":73},[63,131208,418],{"class":417},[63,131210,74],{"class":73},[63,131212,1002],{"class":181},[63,131214,86],{"class":73},[63,131216,131217,131219,131221,131223,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,131218,70],{"class":69},[63,131220,74],{"class":73},[63,131222,2455],{"class":448},[63,131224,131225],{"class":452},"Hello ",[63,131227,3387],{"class":82},[63,131229,2455],{"class":448},[63,131231,307],{"class":73},[63,131233,129532],{"class":181},[63,131235,74],{"class":73},[63,131237,2455],{"class":448},[63,131239,7283],{"class":452},[63,131241,2455],{"class":448},[63,131243,86],{"class":73},[63,131245,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,131247,31774],{"class":69},[63,131249,74],{"class":73},[63,131251,3037],{"class":417},[63,131253,307],{"class":73},[63,131255,129532],{"class":24370},[63,131257,397],{"class":73},[20,131259,131260],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131262,131263,131266,131269,131272],{},[33,131264,131265],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131267,131268],{},"what type your value has",[33,131270,131271],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131273,131274,131275],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131276,131277],{},"str.format",[49,131279,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,131281,129313,131283,12331],{"id":131282},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131284,125812],{},[20,131286,131287],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1193,131289,131291],{"id":131290},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131293,131294,131295,131297],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131296,3387],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1193,131299,131301,131302,1506],{"id":131300},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131303,125812],{},[20,131305,131306,131307,131310],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131308,131309],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1193,131312,14521,131314,131316],{"id":131313},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131315,125812],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131318,131319,131320,131322],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131321,125812],{}," is still useful and common.",[49,131324,1517],{"id":1516},[30,131326,131327,131331,131335,131341,131347],{},[33,131328,131329],{},[303,131330,124564],{"href":50591},[33,131332,131333],{},[303,131334,90301],{"href":89310},[33,131336,131337],{},[303,131338,13,131339,469],{"href":46067},[15,131340,46070],{},[33,131342,131343],{},[303,131344,13,131345,469],{"href":41792},[15,131346,47300],{},[33,131348,131349],{},[303,131350,90024],{"href":90023},[1542,131352,131353],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":131355},[131356,131357,131359,131360,131361,131362,131363,131364,131366,131375,131376,131385],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":129599,"depth":89,"text":131358},"What the format() method does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":129880,"depth":89,"text":129881},{"id":130142,"depth":89,"text":130143},{"id":130373,"depth":89,"text":130374},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":130676,"depth":89,"text":131365},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":131367},[131368,131369,131370,131372,131374],{"id":130797,"depth":254,"text":130798},{"id":130914,"depth":254,"text":130915},{"id":131026,"depth":254,"text":131371},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131156,"depth":254,"text":131373},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131165,"depth":254,"text":131166},{"id":67512,"depth":89,"text":67513},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":131377},[131378,131380,131381,131383],{"id":131282,"depth":254,"text":131379},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131290,"depth":254,"text":131291},{"id":131300,"depth":254,"text":131382},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131313,"depth":254,"text":131384},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129459,"description":131386},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131393,"title":131394,"body":131395,"description":132875,"extension":1580,"meta":132876,"navigation":579,"path":132877,"seo":132878,"stem":132879,"__hash__":132880},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131396,"toc":132847},[131397,131402,131407,131412,131414,131476,131483,131489,131494,131496,131512,131514,131585,131587,131601,131604,131654,131656,131658,131685,131688,131703,131706,131747,131750,131795,131802,131851,131853,131861,131863,131881,131883,131976,131984,132025,132030,132037,132043,132050,132053,132057,132158,132160,132182,132186,132239,132242,132245,132251,132258,132260,132299,132301,132319,132329,132336,132419,132422,132429,132436,132443,132447,132455,132501,132505,132514,132579,132584,132589,132600,132602,132607,132634,132636,132739,132742,132762,132764,132769,132772,132776,132780,132787,132796,132802,132805,132811,132813,132815,132844],[10,131398,122809,131400,10935],{"id":131399},"python-string-index-method",[15,131401,58586],{},[20,131403,122814,131404,131406],{},[15,131405,58586],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131408,131409,131410,307],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131411,40326],{},[49,131413,52],{"id":51},[54,131415,131417],{"className":56,"code":131416,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131418,131419,131431,131453,131463,131467,131471],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131420,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131422,1370],{"class":382},[63,131424,386],{"class":270},[63,131426,1375],{"class":448},[63,131428,60025],{"class":452},[63,131430,1381],{"class":448},[63,131432,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441,131443,131445,131447,131449,131451],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131434,64539],{"class":382},[63,131436,386],{"class":270},[63,131438,42458],{"class":382},[63,131440,307],{"class":73},[63,131442,35469],{"class":181},[63,131444,74],{"class":73},[63,131446,2455],{"class":448},[63,131448,60210],{"class":452},[63,131450,2455],{"class":448},[63,131452,397],{"class":73},[63,131454,131455,131457,131459,131461],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,131456,70],{"class":69},[63,131458,74],{"class":73},[63,131460,64566],{"class":181},[63,131462,397],{"class":73},[63,131464,131465],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,131466,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,131468,131469],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,131470,90442],{"class":1357},[63,131472,131473],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,131474,131475],{"class":1357},"# 6\n",[20,131477,128,131478,131480,131481,307],{},[15,131479,58586],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131482,40326],{},[49,131484,138,131486,141],{"id":131485},"what-strindex-does",[15,131487,131488],{},"str.index()",[20,131490,131491,131493],{},[15,131492,131488],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131495,12668],{},[30,131497,131498,131501,131504,131507],{},[33,131499,131500],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,131502,131503],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,131505,131506],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,131508,29914,131509,131511],{},[15,131510,40326],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131513,1820],{},[54,131515,131517],{"className":56,"code":131516,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131518,131519,131531,131535,131560],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131520,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131522,1370],{"class":382},[63,131524,386],{"class":270},[63,131526,1375],{"class":448},[63,131528,3686],{"class":452},[63,131530,1381],{"class":448},[63,131532,131533],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131534,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,131536,131537,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,131538,70],{"class":69},[63,131540,74],{"class":73},[63,131542,1396],{"class":181},[63,131544,307],{"class":73},[63,131546,35469],{"class":181},[63,131548,74],{"class":73},[63,131550,2455],{"class":448},[63,131552,303],{"class":452},[63,131554,2455],{"class":448},[63,131556,4964],{"class":73},[63,131558,131559],{"class":1357},"     # 1\n",[63,131561,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,131563,70],{"class":69},[63,131565,74],{"class":73},[63,131567,1396],{"class":181},[63,131569,307],{"class":73},[63,131571,35469],{"class":181},[63,131573,74],{"class":73},[63,131575,2455],{"class":448},[63,131577,122902],{"class":452},[63,131579,2455],{"class":448},[63,131581,4964],{"class":73},[63,131583,131584],{"class":1357},"    # 2\n",[20,131586,1791],{},[30,131588,131589,131595],{},[33,131590,131591,128022,131593],{},[15,131592,17715],{},[15,131594,674],{},[33,131596,131597,128022,131599],{},[15,131598,128021],{},[15,131600,274],{},[20,131602,131603],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[54,131605,131607],{"className":56,"code":131606,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131608,131609,131621,131625,131649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131610,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131612,1370],{"class":382},[63,131614,386],{"class":270},[63,131616,1375],{"class":448},[63,131618,34489],{"class":452},[63,131620,1381],{"class":448},[63,131622,131623],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131624,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,131626,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,131628,70],{"class":69},[63,131630,74],{"class":73},[63,131632,1396],{"class":181},[63,131634,307],{"class":73},[63,131636,35469],{"class":181},[63,131638,74],{"class":73},[63,131640,2455],{"class":448},[63,131642,50807],{"class":452},[63,131644,2455],{"class":448},[63,131646,4964],{"class":73},[63,131648,20387],{"class":1357},[63,131650,131651],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,131652,131653],{"class":1357},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[49,131655,164],{"id":163},[20,131657,167],{},[54,131659,131661],{"className":56,"code":131660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131662,131663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131664,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679,131681,131683],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131666,60793],{"class":382},[63,131668,307],{"class":73},[63,131670,35469],{"class":181},[63,131672,74],{"class":73},[63,131674,1002],{"class":181},[63,131676,102],{"class":73},[63,131678,35675],{"class":181},[63,131680,102],{"class":73},[63,131682,64660],{"class":181},[63,131684,397],{"class":73},[20,131686,131687],{},"Parameters:",[30,131689,131690,131694,131698],{},[33,131691,131692,123001],{},[15,131693,1002],{},[33,131695,131696,128068],{},[15,131697,35696],{},[33,131699,131700,131702],{},[15,131701,52277],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131704,131705],{},"You can use just the value:",[54,131707,131709],{"className":56,"code":131708,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131710,131711,131723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131712,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131714,1370],{"class":382},[63,131716,386],{"class":270},[63,131718,1375],{"class":448},[63,131720,58],{"class":452},[63,131722,1381],{"class":448},[63,131724,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131726,70],{"class":69},[63,131728,74],{"class":73},[63,131730,1396],{"class":181},[63,131732,307],{"class":73},[63,131734,35469],{"class":181},[63,131736,74],{"class":73},[63,131738,2455],{"class":448},[63,131740,62906],{"class":452},[63,131742,2455],{"class":448},[63,131744,4964],{"class":73},[63,131746,51031],{"class":1357},[20,131748,131749],{},"Or include a start position:",[54,131751,131753],{"className":56,"code":131752,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131754,131755,131767],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131756,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131758,1370],{"class":382},[63,131760,386],{"class":270},[63,131762,1375],{"class":448},[63,131764,3686],{"class":452},[63,131766,1381],{"class":448},[63,131768,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777,131779,131781,131783,131785,131787,131789,131791,131793],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131770,70],{"class":69},[63,131772,74],{"class":73},[63,131774,1396],{"class":181},[63,131776,307],{"class":73},[63,131778,35469],{"class":181},[63,131780,74],{"class":73},[63,131782,2455],{"class":448},[63,131784,303],{"class":452},[63,131786,2455],{"class":448},[63,131788,102],{"class":73},[63,131790,105],{"class":82},[63,131792,4964],{"class":73},[63,131794,50386],{"class":1357},[20,131796,131797,131798,3993,131800,2482],{},"Or include both ",[15,131799,35696],{},[15,131801,52277],{},[54,131803,131805],{"className":56,"code":131804,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131806,131807,131819],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131808,131809,131811,131813,131815,131817],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131810,1370],{"class":382},[63,131812,386],{"class":270},[63,131814,1375],{"class":448},[63,131816,3686],{"class":452},[63,131818,1381],{"class":448},[63,131820,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131822,70],{"class":69},[63,131824,74],{"class":73},[63,131826,1396],{"class":181},[63,131828,307],{"class":73},[63,131830,35469],{"class":181},[63,131832,74],{"class":73},[63,131834,2455],{"class":448},[63,131836,303],{"class":452},[63,131838,2455],{"class":448},[63,131840,102],{"class":73},[63,131842,105],{"class":82},[63,131844,102],{"class":73},[63,131846,4206],{"class":82},[63,131848,4964],{"class":73},[63,131850,50386],{"class":1357},[49,131852,37646],{"id":37645},[20,131854,28328,131855,131857,131858,307],{},[15,131856,58586],{}," is a ",[833,131859,131860],{},"zero-based index",[20,131862,1721],{},[30,131864,131865,131871,131876],{},[33,131866,131867,131868,131870],{},"Index ",[15,131869,1734],{}," is the first character",[33,131872,131867,131873,131875],{},[15,131874,674],{}," is the second character",[33,131877,131867,131878,131880],{},[15,131879,274],{}," is the third character",[20,131882,1820],{},[54,131884,131886],{"className":56,"code":131885,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131887,131888,131900,131904,131928,131952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131889,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131891,1370],{"class":382},[63,131893,386],{"class":270},[63,131895,1375],{"class":448},[63,131897,36672],{"class":452},[63,131899,1381],{"class":448},[63,131901,131902],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,131903,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,131905,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,131907,70],{"class":69},[63,131909,74],{"class":73},[63,131911,1396],{"class":181},[63,131913,307],{"class":73},[63,131915,35469],{"class":181},[63,131917,74],{"class":73},[63,131919,2455],{"class":448},[63,131921,9350],{"class":452},[63,131923,2455],{"class":448},[63,131925,4964],{"class":73},[63,131927,50863],{"class":1357},[63,131929,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946,131948,131950],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,131931,70],{"class":69},[63,131933,74],{"class":73},[63,131935,1396],{"class":181},[63,131937,307],{"class":73},[63,131939,35469],{"class":181},[63,131941,74],{"class":73},[63,131943,2455],{"class":448},[63,131945,303],{"class":452},[63,131947,2455],{"class":448},[63,131949,4964],{"class":73},[63,131951,27400],{"class":1357},[63,131953,131954,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,131955,70],{"class":69},[63,131957,74],{"class":73},[63,131959,1396],{"class":181},[63,131961,307],{"class":73},[63,131963,35469],{"class":181},[63,131965,74],{"class":73},[63,131967,2455],{"class":448},[63,131969,62906],{"class":452},[63,131971,2455],{"class":448},[63,131973,4964],{"class":73},[63,131975,51031],{"class":1357},[20,131977,131978,131980,131981,131983],{},[15,131979,58586],{}," returns only the ",[833,131982,29529],{}," matching position.",[54,131985,131987],{"className":56,"code":131986,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131988,131989,132001],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131990,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131992,1370],{"class":382},[63,131994,386],{"class":270},[63,131996,1375],{"class":448},[63,131998,3686],{"class":452},[63,132000,1381],{"class":448},[63,132002,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132004,70],{"class":69},[63,132006,74],{"class":73},[63,132008,1396],{"class":181},[63,132010,307],{"class":73},[63,132012,35469],{"class":181},[63,132014,74],{"class":73},[63,132016,2455],{"class":448},[63,132018,303],{"class":452},[63,132020,2455],{"class":448},[63,132022,4964],{"class":73},[63,132024,27400],{"class":1357},[20,132026,20597,132027,132029],{},[15,132028,17715],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132031,132032,132033,307],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[303,132034,132035,10352],{"href":124259},[15,132036,58208],{},[49,132038,311,132039,3993,132041],{"id":65026},[15,132040,35696],{},[15,132042,52277],{},[20,132044,1597,132045,3993,132047,132049],{},[15,132046,35696],{},[15,132048,52277],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132051,132052],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132054,45658,132055,2482],{},[15,132056,35696],{},[54,132058,132060],{"className":56,"code":132059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132061,132062,132074,132078,132102,132130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132063,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132065,1370],{"class":382},[63,132067,386],{"class":270},[63,132069,1375],{"class":448},[63,132071,3686],{"class":452},[63,132073,1381],{"class":448},[63,132075,132076],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132077,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,132079,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,132081,70],{"class":69},[63,132083,74],{"class":73},[63,132085,1396],{"class":181},[63,132087,307],{"class":73},[63,132089,35469],{"class":181},[63,132091,74],{"class":73},[63,132093,2455],{"class":448},[63,132095,303],{"class":452},[63,132097,2455],{"class":448},[63,132099,4964],{"class":73},[63,132101,50736],{"class":1357},[63,132103,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,132105,70],{"class":69},[63,132107,74],{"class":73},[63,132109,1396],{"class":181},[63,132111,307],{"class":73},[63,132113,35469],{"class":181},[63,132115,74],{"class":73},[63,132117,2455],{"class":448},[63,132119,303],{"class":452},[63,132121,2455],{"class":448},[63,132123,102],{"class":73},[63,132125,105],{"class":82},[63,132127,4964],{"class":73},[63,132129,50585],{"class":1357},[63,132131,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,132133,70],{"class":69},[63,132135,74],{"class":73},[63,132137,1396],{"class":181},[63,132139,307],{"class":73},[63,132141,35469],{"class":181},[63,132143,74],{"class":73},[63,132145,2455],{"class":448},[63,132147,303],{"class":452},[63,132149,2455],{"class":448},[63,132151,102],{"class":73},[63,132153,2061],{"class":82},[63,132155,4964],{"class":73},[63,132157,50369],{"class":1357},[20,132159,19577],{},[30,132161,132162,132169,132175],{},[33,132163,132164,132165,65215,132167],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132166,17715],{},[15,132168,674],{},[33,132170,132171,132172,132174],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132173,274],{}," skips that first match",[33,132176,132171,132177,132179,132180],{},[15,132178,952],{}," finds the last ",[15,132181,17715],{},[20,132183,45658,132184,2482],{},[15,132185,52277],{},[54,132187,132189],{"className":56,"code":132188,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132190,132191,132203,132207],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132192,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132194,1370],{"class":382},[63,132196,386],{"class":270},[63,132198,1375],{"class":448},[63,132200,3686],{"class":452},[63,132202,1381],{"class":448},[63,132204,132205],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132206,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,132208,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,132210,70],{"class":69},[63,132212,74],{"class":73},[63,132214,1396],{"class":181},[63,132216,307],{"class":73},[63,132218,35469],{"class":181},[63,132220,74],{"class":73},[63,132222,2455],{"class":448},[63,132224,75648],{"class":452},[63,132226,2455],{"class":448},[63,132228,102],{"class":73},[63,132230,3429],{"class":82},[63,132232,102],{"class":73},[63,132234,2061],{"class":82},[63,132236,4964],{"class":73},[63,132238,51031],{"class":1357},[20,132240,132241],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132243,132244],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[49,132246,43830,132248,132250],{"id":132247},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132249,58586],{}," causes an error",[20,132252,132253,132254,52111,132256,307],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132255,58586],{},[15,132257,40326],{},[20,132259,1820],{},[54,132261,132263],{"className":56,"code":132262,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132264,132265,132277],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132266,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132268,1370],{"class":382},[63,132270,386],{"class":270},[63,132272,1375],{"class":448},[63,132274,3441],{"class":452},[63,132276,1381],{"class":448},[63,132278,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132280,70],{"class":69},[63,132282,74],{"class":73},[63,132284,1396],{"class":181},[63,132286,307],{"class":73},[63,132288,35469],{"class":181},[63,132290,74],{"class":73},[63,132292,2455],{"class":448},[63,132294,21697],{"class":452},[63,132296,2455],{"class":448},[63,132298,86],{"class":73},[20,132300,110],{},[54,132302,132304],{"className":56,"code":132303,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132305,132306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132307,132308,132310,132312,132315,132317],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132309,40326],{"class":417},[63,132311,2482],{"class":73},[63,132313,132314],{"class":382}," substring ",[63,132316,973],{"class":270},[63,132318,65448],{"class":382},[20,132320,52958,132321,125775,132326,132328],{},[303,132322,132323],{"href":129453},[15,132324,132325],{},"str.find()",[15,132327,748],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132330,132331,132332,3993,132334,2482],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132333,29424],{},[15,132335,29455],{},[54,132337,132339],{"className":56,"code":132338,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132340,132341,132353,132357,132363,132386,132396,132404],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132342,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132344,1370],{"class":382},[63,132346,386],{"class":270},[63,132348,1375],{"class":448},[63,132350,3441],{"class":452},[63,132352,1381],{"class":448},[63,132354,132355],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132356,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,132358,132359,132361],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,132360,29424],{"class":3473},[63,132362,5996],{"class":73},[63,132364,132365,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,132366,132367],{"class":382},"    position ",[63,132369,386],{"class":270},[63,132371,42458],{"class":382},[63,132373,307],{"class":73},[63,132375,35469],{"class":181},[63,132377,74],{"class":73},[63,132379,2455],{"class":448},[63,132381,21697],{"class":452},[63,132383,2455],{"class":448},[63,132385,397],{"class":73},[63,132387,132388,132390,132392,132394],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,132389,7677],{"class":69},[63,132391,74],{"class":73},[63,132393,64566],{"class":181},[63,132395,397],{"class":73},[63,132397,132398,132400,132402],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,132399,29455],{"class":3473},[63,132401,41543],{"class":417},[63,132403,5996],{"class":73},[63,132405,132406,132408,132410,132412,132415,132417],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,132407,7677],{"class":69},[63,132409,74],{"class":73},[63,132411,2455],{"class":448},[63,132413,132414],{"class":452},"Substring not found",[63,132416,2455],{"class":448},[63,132418,397],{"class":73},[20,132420,132421],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132423,41563,132424,307],{},[303,132425,25299,132427],{"href":132426},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132428,128780],{},[49,132430,132432,10197,132434],{"id":132431},"index-vs-find",[15,132433,58586],{},[15,132435,123804],{},[20,132437,132438,3993,132440,132442],{},[15,132439,58586],{},[15,132441,123804],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1193,132444,132445],{"id":35469},[15,132446,58586],{},[30,132448,132449,132452],{},[33,132450,132451],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132453,132454],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[54,132456,132458],{"className":56,"code":132457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132459,132460,132472,132496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132461,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132463,1370],{"class":382},[63,132465,386],{"class":270},[63,132467,1375],{"class":448},[63,132469,3441],{"class":452},[63,132471,1381],{"class":448},[63,132473,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132475,70],{"class":69},[63,132477,74],{"class":73},[63,132479,1396],{"class":181},[63,132481,307],{"class":73},[63,132483,35469],{"class":181},[63,132485,74],{"class":73},[63,132487,2455],{"class":448},[63,132489,60066],{"class":452},[63,132491,2455],{"class":448},[63,132493,4964],{"class":73},[63,132495,27400],{"class":1357},[63,132497,132498],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,132499,132500],{"class":1357},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1193,132502,132503],{"id":127834},[15,132504,123804],{},[30,132506,132507,132509],{},[33,132508,132451],{},[33,132510,11037,132511,132513],{},[15,132512,748],{}," if nothing is found",[54,132515,132517],{"className":56,"code":132516,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132518,132519,132531,132555],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132520,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132522,1370],{"class":382},[63,132524,386],{"class":270},[63,132526,1375],{"class":448},[63,132528,3441],{"class":452},[63,132530,1381],{"class":448},[63,132532,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132534,70],{"class":69},[63,132536,74],{"class":73},[63,132538,1396],{"class":181},[63,132540,307],{"class":73},[63,132542,127834],{"class":181},[63,132544,74],{"class":73},[63,132546,2455],{"class":448},[63,132548,60066],{"class":452},[63,132550,2455],{"class":448},[63,132552,4964],{"class":73},[63,132554,27400],{"class":1357},[63,132556,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,132558,70],{"class":69},[63,132560,74],{"class":73},[63,132562,1396],{"class":181},[63,132564,307],{"class":73},[63,132566,127834],{"class":181},[63,132568,74],{"class":73},[63,132570,2455],{"class":448},[63,132572,21697],{"class":452},[63,132574,2455],{"class":448},[63,132576,4964],{"class":73},[63,132578,128190],{"class":1357},[20,132580,128,132581,132583],{},[15,132582,58586],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132585,128,132586,132588],{},[15,132587,123804],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132590,132591,132592,632,132597,307],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[303,132593,132594,132596],{"href":129453},[15,132595,132325],{}," method reference",[303,132598,126845],{"href":132599},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[49,132601,1186],{"id":1185},[20,132603,132604,132605,2482],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132606,58586],{},[30,132608,132609,132612,132619,132624,132629],{},[33,132610,132611],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,132613,1196,132614,8064,132616,132618],{},[15,132615,58586],{},[15,132617,748],{}," when no match exists",[33,132620,311,132621,132623],{},[15,132622,58586],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,132625,132626,132627],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132628,674],{},[33,132630,4180,132631,132633],{},[15,132632,58586],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132635,61914],{},[54,132637,132639],{"className":56,"code":132638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132640,132641,132651,132665,132687,132709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132642,132643,132645,132647,132649],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132644,70],{"class":69},[63,132646,74],{"class":73},[63,132648,1396],{"class":181},[63,132650,397],{"class":73},[63,132652,132653,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132654,70],{"class":69},[63,132656,74],{"class":73},[63,132658,41396],{"class":69},[63,132660,74],{"class":73},[63,132662,1396],{"class":181},[63,132664,86],{"class":73},[63,132666,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683,132685],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,132668,70],{"class":69},[63,132670,74],{"class":73},[63,132672,1396],{"class":181},[63,132674,307],{"class":73},[63,132676,35469],{"class":181},[63,132678,74],{"class":73},[63,132680,2455],{"class":448},[63,132682,1002],{"class":452},[63,132684,2455],{"class":448},[63,132686,86],{"class":73},[63,132688,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,132690,70],{"class":69},[63,132692,74],{"class":73},[63,132694,1396],{"class":181},[63,132696,307],{"class":73},[63,132698,127834],{"class":181},[63,132700,74],{"class":73},[63,132702,2455],{"class":448},[63,132704,1002],{"class":452},[63,132706,2455],{"class":448},[63,132708,86],{"class":73},[63,132710,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,132712,70],{"class":69},[63,132714,74],{"class":73},[63,132716,1396],{"class":181},[63,132718,307],{"class":73},[63,132720,35469],{"class":181},[63,132722,74],{"class":73},[63,132724,2455],{"class":448},[63,132726,1002],{"class":452},[63,132728,2455],{"class":448},[63,132730,102],{"class":73},[63,132732,35675],{"class":181},[63,132734,102],{"class":73},[63,132736,64660],{"class":181},[63,132738,86],{"class":73},[20,132740,132741],{},"Tips:",[30,132743,132744,132749,132754,132757],{},[33,132745,128,132746,132748],{},[15,132747,125731],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,132750,128,132751,132753],{},[15,132752,123804],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,132755,132756],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,132758,132759,132760],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132761,1734],{},[49,132763,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,132765,129313,132767,12331],{"id":132766},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132768,58586],{},[20,132770,132771],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1193,132773,132775],{"id":132774},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132777,76476,132778,307],{},[15,132779,40326],{},[1193,132781,4781,132783,3993,132785,1506],{"id":132782},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132784,58586],{},[15,132786,123804],{},[20,132788,132789,132791,132792,2004,132794,6235],{},[15,132790,58586],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132793,123804],{},[15,132795,748],{},[1193,132797,1482,132799,132801],{"id":132798},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132800,58586],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132803,132804],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1193,132806,132808,132809,124145],{"id":132807},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132810,58586],{},[20,132812,129338],{},[49,132814,1517],{"id":1516},[30,132816,132817,132823,132827,132832,132838],{},[33,132818,132819],{},[303,132820,132821,10352],{"href":129453},[15,132822,132325],{},[33,132824,132825],{},[303,132826,124208],{"href":132599},[33,132828,132829],{},[303,132830,129414],{"href":132831},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,132833,132834],{},[303,132835,132836,10352],{"href":124259},[15,132837,58208],{},[33,132839,132840],{},[303,132841,29968,132842],{"href":132426},[15,132843,128780],{},[1542,132845,132846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":132848},[132849,132850,132852,132853,132854,132855,132857,132862,132863,132874],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":131485,"depth":89,"text":132851},"What str.index() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":37645,"depth":89,"text":37646},{"id":65026,"depth":89,"text":65807},{"id":132247,"depth":89,"text":132856},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132431,"depth":89,"text":132858,"children":132859},"index() vs find()",[132860,132861],{"id":35469,"depth":254,"text":58586},{"id":127834,"depth":254,"text":123804},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":132864},[132865,132867,132868,132870,132872],{"id":132766,"depth":254,"text":132866},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132774,"depth":254,"text":132775},{"id":132782,"depth":254,"text":132869},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132798,"depth":254,"text":132871},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132807,"depth":254,"text":132873},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131394,"description":132875},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132882,"title":132883,"body":132884,"description":135659,"extension":1580,"meta":135660,"navigation":579,"path":135661,"seo":135662,"stem":135663,"__hash__":135664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132885,"toc":135595},[132886,132892,132897,132900,132903,132914,132916,132985,132987,133001,133006,133011,133016,133018,133061,133063,133146,133148,133194,133200,133202,133204,133224,133226,133249,133251,133325,133327,133346,133351,133353,133357,133429,133431,133445,133449,133525,133527,133546,133550,133644,133646,133655,133662,133738,133740,133758,133762,133765,133772,133821,133823,133832,133839,133898,133900,133918,133921,133928,133987,133989,134007,134014,134071,134073,134082,134086,134091,134095,134154,134156,134174,134178,134225,134230,134233,134302,134304,134321,134328,134334,134389,134394,134397,134474,134476,134494,134500,134506,134566,134568,134587,134593,134596,134603,134656,134661,134663,134724,134733,134740,134742,134799,134804,134806,134877,134881,134936,134938,134947,134952,134958,135027,135029,135061,135067,135075,135082,135088,135153,135155,135164,135170,135251,135253,135262,135267,135281,135288,135292,135297,135325,135327,135460,135463,135500,135502,135508,135517,135522,135525,135530,135535,135541,135544,135553,135556,135558,135587,135592],[10,132887,122809,132889,10935],{"id":132888},"python-string-join-method",[15,132890,132891],{},"join()",[20,132893,122814,132894,132896],{},[15,132895,132891],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132898,132899],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132901,132902],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,132904,132905,132911],{},[33,132906,132907,132908,132910],{},"You call ",[15,132909,132891],{}," on the separator string",[33,132912,132913],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[49,132915,3201],{"id":3200},[54,132917,132919],{"className":56,"code":132918,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132920,132921,132954,132975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132922,132923,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941,132943,132945,132947,132950,132952],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132924,3668],{"class":382},[63,132926,386],{"class":270},[63,132928,3216],{"class":73},[63,132930,2455],{"class":448},[63,132932,6902],{"class":452},[63,132934,2455],{"class":448},[63,132936,102],{"class":73},[63,132938,1375],{"class":448},[63,132940,11809],{"class":452},[63,132942,2455],{"class":448},[63,132944,102],{"class":73},[63,132946,1375],{"class":448},[63,132948,132949],{"class":452},"fun",[63,132951,2455],{"class":448},[63,132953,3229],{"class":73},[63,132955,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132969,132971,132973],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,132957,383],{"class":382},[63,132959,386],{"class":270},[63,132961,1375],{"class":448},[63,132963,1375],{"class":448},[63,132965,307],{"class":73},[63,132967,132968],{"class":181},"join",[63,132970,74],{"class":73},[63,132972,3712],{"class":181},[63,132974,397],{"class":73},[63,132976,132977,132979,132981,132983],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,132978,70],{"class":69},[63,132980,74],{"class":73},[63,132982,406],{"class":181},[63,132984,397],{"class":73},[20,132986,110],{},[54,132988,132990],{"className":56,"code":132989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python is fun\n",[15,132991,132992],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132993,132994,132996,132998],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132995,13],{"class":382},[63,132997,11809],{"class":270},[63,132999,133000],{"class":382}," fun\n",[20,133002,128,133003,133005],{},[15,133004,132891],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[49,133007,138,133009,141],{"id":133008},"what-join-does",[15,133010,132891],{},[20,133012,133013,133015],{},[15,133014,132891],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133017,11072],{},[30,133019,133020,133027,133055,133058],{},[33,133021,133022,133023,133026],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133024,133025],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133028,133029,133030],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133031,133032,133038,133044,133050],{},[33,133033,133034,133037],{},[15,133035,133036],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133039,133040,133043],{},[15,133041,133042],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133045,133046,133049],{},[15,133047,133048],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133051,133052,133054],{},[15,133053,5875],{}," for no separator",[33,133056,133057],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133059,133060],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133062,1820],{},[54,133064,133066],{"className":56,"code":133065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133067,133068,133100,133122,133126,133136],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133069,133070,133072,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133071,3668],{"class":382},[63,133073,386],{"class":270},[63,133075,3216],{"class":73},[63,133077,2455],{"class":448},[63,133079,12709],{"class":452},[63,133081,2455],{"class":448},[63,133083,102],{"class":73},[63,133085,1375],{"class":448},[63,133087,17074],{"class":452},[63,133089,2455],{"class":448},[63,133091,102],{"class":73},[63,133093,1375],{"class":448},[63,133095,12726],{"class":452},[63,133097,2455],{"class":448},[63,133099,3229],{"class":73},[63,133101,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133103,383],{"class":382},[63,133105,386],{"class":270},[63,133107,1375],{"class":448},[63,133109,1801],{"class":452},[63,133111,2455],{"class":448},[63,133113,307],{"class":73},[63,133115,132968],{"class":181},[63,133117,74],{"class":73},[63,133119,3712],{"class":181},[63,133121,397],{"class":73},[63,133123,133124],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,133125,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,133127,133128,133130,133132,133134],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,133129,70],{"class":69},[63,133131,74],{"class":73},[63,133133,406],{"class":181},[63,133135,397],{"class":73},[63,133137,133138,133140,133142,133144],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,133139,70],{"class":69},[63,133141,74],{"class":73},[63,133143,3712],{"class":181},[63,133145,397],{"class":73},[20,133147,110],{},[54,133149,133151],{"className":56,"code":133150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133152,133153,133166],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133154,133155,133157,133159,133162,133164],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133156,12709],{"class":382},[63,133158,102],{"class":73},[63,133160,133161],{"class":382}," green",[63,133163,102],{"class":73},[63,133165,35504],{"class":382},[63,133167,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133169,3497],{"class":73},[63,133171,456],{"class":448},[63,133173,12709],{"class":452},[63,133175,456],{"class":448},[63,133177,102],{"class":73},[63,133179,449],{"class":448},[63,133181,17074],{"class":452},[63,133183,456],{"class":448},[63,133185,102],{"class":73},[63,133187,449],{"class":448},[63,133189,12726],{"class":452},[63,133191,456],{"class":448},[63,133193,3229],{"class":73},[20,133195,133196,133197,133199],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133198,132891],{}," creates a new string.",[49,133201,164],{"id":163},[20,133203,6823],{},[54,133205,133207],{"className":56,"code":133206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133208,133209],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133210,133211,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133212,133213],{"class":382},"separator",[63,133215,307],{"class":73},[63,133217,132968],{"class":181},[63,133219,74],{"class":73},[63,133221,3315],{"class":181},[63,133223,397],{"class":73},[1193,133225,48625],{"id":48624},[30,133227,133228,133241,133246],{},[33,133229,133230,133232,133233,1801,133235,1801,133237,1805,133239],{},[15,133231,133213],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133234,133036],{},[15,133236,133042],{},[15,133238,133048],{},[15,133240,5875],{},[33,133242,133243,133245],{},[15,133244,3315],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133247,133248],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133250,1820],{},[54,133252,133254],{"className":56,"code":133253,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133255,133256,133288,133311,133315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133257,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133259,4596],{"class":382},[63,133261,386],{"class":270},[63,133263,3216],{"class":73},[63,133265,2455],{"class":448},[63,133267,12496],{"class":452},[63,133269,2455],{"class":448},[63,133271,102],{"class":73},[63,133273,1375],{"class":448},[63,133275,35564],{"class":452},[63,133277,2455],{"class":448},[63,133279,102],{"class":73},[63,133281,1375],{"class":448},[63,133283,35573],{"class":452},[63,133285,2455],{"class":448},[63,133287,3229],{"class":73},[63,133289,133290,133292,133294,133296,133299,133301,133303,133305,133307,133309],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133291,383],{"class":382},[63,133293,386],{"class":270},[63,133295,1375],{"class":448},[63,133297,133298],{"class":452}," | ",[63,133300,2455],{"class":448},[63,133302,307],{"class":73},[63,133304,132968],{"class":181},[63,133306,74],{"class":73},[63,133308,4640],{"class":181},[63,133310,397],{"class":73},[63,133312,133313],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,133314,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,133316,133317,133319,133321,133323],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,133318,70],{"class":69},[63,133320,74],{"class":73},[63,133322,406],{"class":181},[63,133324,397],{"class":73},[20,133326,110],{},[54,133328,133330],{"className":56,"code":133329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133331,133332],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133333,133334,133337,133339,133342,133344],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133335,133336],{"class":382},"Ana ",[63,133338,113316],{"class":270},[63,133340,133341],{"class":382}," Ben ",[63,133343,113316],{"class":270},[63,133345,35645],{"class":382},[20,133347,133348,133349,307],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[303,133350,124564],{"href":50591},[49,133352,121340],{"id":121339},[1193,133354,133356],{"id":133355},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[54,133358,133360],{"className":56,"code":133359,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133361,133362,133395,133415,133419],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133363,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384,133386,133388,133391,133393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133365,3668],{"class":382},[63,133367,386],{"class":270},[63,133369,3216],{"class":73},[63,133371,2455],{"class":448},[63,133373,6902],{"class":452},[63,133375,2455],{"class":448},[63,133377,102],{"class":73},[63,133379,1375],{"class":448},[63,133381,11809],{"class":452},[63,133383,2455],{"class":448},[63,133385,102],{"class":73},[63,133387,1375],{"class":448},[63,133389,133390],{"class":452},"easy",[63,133392,2455],{"class":448},[63,133394,3229],{"class":73},[63,133396,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133398,383],{"class":382},[63,133400,386],{"class":270},[63,133402,1375],{"class":448},[63,133404,1375],{"class":448},[63,133406,307],{"class":73},[63,133408,132968],{"class":181},[63,133410,74],{"class":73},[63,133412,3712],{"class":181},[63,133414,397],{"class":73},[63,133416,133417],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,133418,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,133420,133421,133423,133425,133427],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,133422,70],{"class":69},[63,133424,74],{"class":73},[63,133426,406],{"class":181},[63,133428,397],{"class":73},[20,133430,110],{},[54,133432,133434],{"className":56,"code":133433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python is easy\n",[15,133435,133436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133437,133438,133440,133442],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133439,13],{"class":382},[63,133441,11809],{"class":270},[63,133443,133444],{"class":382}," easy\n",[1193,133446,133448],{"id":133447},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[54,133450,133452],{"className":56,"code":133451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133453,133454,133489,133511,133515],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133455,133456,133458,133460,133462,133464,133467,133469,133471,133473,133476,133478,133480,133482,133485,133487],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133457,7386],{"class":382},[63,133459,386],{"class":270},[63,133461,3216],{"class":73},[63,133463,2455],{"class":448},[63,133465,133466],{"class":452},"apples",[63,133468,2455],{"class":448},[63,133470,102],{"class":73},[63,133472,1375],{"class":448},[63,133474,133475],{"class":452},"bananas",[63,133477,2455],{"class":448},[63,133479,102],{"class":73},[63,133481,1375],{"class":448},[63,133483,133484],{"class":452},"oranges",[63,133486,2455],{"class":448},[63,133488,3229],{"class":73},[63,133490,133491,133493,133495,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133492,383],{"class":382},[63,133494,386],{"class":270},[63,133496,1375],{"class":448},[63,133498,1801],{"class":452},[63,133500,2455],{"class":448},[63,133502,307],{"class":73},[63,133504,132968],{"class":181},[63,133506,74],{"class":73},[63,133508,7417],{"class":181},[63,133510,397],{"class":73},[63,133512,133513],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,133514,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,133516,133517,133519,133521,133523],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,133518,70],{"class":69},[63,133520,74],{"class":73},[63,133522,406],{"class":181},[63,133524,397],{"class":73},[20,133526,110],{},[54,133528,133530],{"className":56,"code":133529,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133531,133532],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133533,133534,133536,133538,133541,133543],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133535,133466],{"class":382},[63,133537,102],{"class":73},[63,133539,133540],{"class":382}," bananas",[63,133542,102],{"class":73},[63,133544,133545],{"class":382}," oranges\n",[1193,133547,133549],{"id":133548},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[54,133551,133553],{"className":56,"code":133552,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133554,133555,133612,133630,133634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133556,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133558,35714],{"class":382},[63,133560,386],{"class":270},[63,133562,3216],{"class":73},[63,133564,2455],{"class":448},[63,133566,133567],{"class":452},"P",[63,133569,2455],{"class":448},[63,133571,102],{"class":73},[63,133573,1375],{"class":448},[63,133575,11360],{"class":452},[63,133577,2455],{"class":448},[63,133579,102],{"class":73},[63,133581,1375],{"class":448},[63,133583,62906],{"class":452},[63,133585,2455],{"class":448},[63,133587,102],{"class":73},[63,133589,1375],{"class":448},[63,133591,60057],{"class":452},[63,133593,2455],{"class":448},[63,133595,102],{"class":73},[63,133597,1375],{"class":448},[63,133599,60092],{"class":452},[63,133601,2455],{"class":448},[63,133603,102],{"class":73},[63,133605,1375],{"class":448},[63,133607,75648],{"class":452},[63,133609,2455],{"class":448},[63,133611,3229],{"class":73},[63,133613,133614,133616,133618,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133615,383],{"class":382},[63,133617,386],{"class":270},[63,133619,5729],{"class":448},[63,133621,307],{"class":73},[63,133623,132968],{"class":181},[63,133625,74],{"class":73},[63,133627,35767],{"class":181},[63,133629,397],{"class":73},[63,133631,133632],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,133633,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,133635,133636,133638,133640,133642],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,133637,70],{"class":69},[63,133639,74],{"class":73},[63,133641,406],{"class":181},[63,133643,397],{"class":73},[20,133645,110],{},[54,133647,133649],{"className":56,"code":133648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python\n",[15,133650,133651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133652,133653],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133654,133648],{"class":382},[1193,133656,133658,133659,133661],{"id":133657},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133660,132891],{}," returns the result",[54,133663,133665],{"className":56,"code":133664,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133666,133667,133700,133723,133727],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133668,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133696,133698],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133670,3668],{"class":382},[63,133672,386],{"class":270},[63,133674,3216],{"class":73},[63,133676,2455],{"class":448},[63,133678,6189],{"class":452},[63,133680,2455],{"class":448},[63,133682,102],{"class":73},[63,133684,1375],{"class":448},[63,133686,78889],{"class":452},[63,133688,2455],{"class":448},[63,133690,102],{"class":73},[63,133692,1375],{"class":448},[63,133694,133695],{"class":452},"three",[63,133697,2455],{"class":448},[63,133699,3229],{"class":73},[63,133701,133702,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133703,133704],{"class":382},"joined_text ",[63,133706,386],{"class":270},[63,133708,1375],{"class":448},[63,133710,1639],{"class":452},[63,133712,2455],{"class":448},[63,133714,307],{"class":73},[63,133716,132968],{"class":181},[63,133718,74],{"class":73},[63,133720,3712],{"class":181},[63,133722,397],{"class":73},[63,133724,133725],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,133726,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,133728,133729,133731,133733,133736],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,133730,70],{"class":69},[63,133732,74],{"class":73},[63,133734,133735],{"class":181},"joined_text",[63,133737,397],{"class":73},[20,133739,110],{},[54,133741,133743],{"className":56,"code":133742,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"one-two-three\n",[15,133744,133745],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133746,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133748,6189],{"class":382},[63,133750,1639],{"class":270},[63,133752,78889],{"class":382},[63,133754,1639],{"class":270},[63,133756,133757],{"class":382},"three\n",[49,133759,133761],{"id":133760},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133763,133764],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1193,133766,133768,133771],{"id":133767},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133769,133770],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[54,133773,133775],{"className":56,"code":133774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133776,133777,133801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133778,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133780,3668],{"class":382},[63,133782,386],{"class":270},[63,133784,3216],{"class":73},[63,133786,2455],{"class":448},[63,133788,3441],{"class":452},[63,133790,2455],{"class":448},[63,133792,102],{"class":73},[63,133794,1375],{"class":448},[63,133796,60210],{"class":452},[63,133798,2455],{"class":448},[63,133800,3229],{"class":73},[63,133802,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133804,70],{"class":69},[63,133806,74],{"class":73},[63,133808,2455],{"class":448},[63,133810,1375],{"class":448},[63,133812,307],{"class":73},[63,133814,132968],{"class":181},[63,133816,74],{"class":73},[63,133818,3712],{"class":181},[63,133820,86],{"class":73},[20,133822,110],{},[54,133824,133826],{"className":56,"code":133825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\n",[15,133827,133828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133829,133830],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133831,133825],{"class":382},[1193,133833,133835,133838],{"id":133834},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133836,133837],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[54,133840,133842],{"className":56,"code":133841,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133843,133844,133876],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133845,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133847,12692],{"class":382},[63,133849,386],{"class":270},[63,133851,3216],{"class":73},[63,133853,2455],{"class":448},[63,133855,12709],{"class":452},[63,133857,2455],{"class":448},[63,133859,102],{"class":73},[63,133861,1375],{"class":448},[63,133863,12726],{"class":452},[63,133865,2455],{"class":448},[63,133867,102],{"class":73},[63,133869,1375],{"class":448},[63,133871,17074],{"class":452},[63,133873,2455],{"class":448},[63,133875,3229],{"class":73},[63,133877,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133879,70],{"class":69},[63,133881,74],{"class":73},[63,133883,2455],{"class":448},[63,133885,1801],{"class":452},[63,133887,2455],{"class":448},[63,133889,307],{"class":73},[63,133891,132968],{"class":181},[63,133893,74],{"class":73},[63,133895,17121],{"class":181},[63,133897,86],{"class":73},[20,133899,110],{},[54,133901,133903],{"className":56,"code":133902,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133904,133905],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133906,133907,133909,133911,133914,133916],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133908,12709],{"class":382},[63,133910,102],{"class":73},[63,133912,133913],{"class":382}," blue",[63,133915,102],{"class":73},[63,133917,35497],{"class":382},[20,133919,133920],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1193,133922,133924,133927],{"id":133923},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133925,133926],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[54,133929,133931],{"className":56,"code":133930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133932,133933,133965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133934,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133936,42453],{"class":382},[63,133938,386],{"class":270},[63,133940,3216],{"class":73},[63,133942,2455],{"class":448},[63,133944,58],{"class":452},[63,133946,2455],{"class":448},[63,133948,102],{"class":73},[63,133950,1375],{"class":448},[63,133952,60793],{"class":452},[63,133954,2455],{"class":448},[63,133956,102],{"class":73},[63,133958,1375],{"class":448},[63,133960,132968],{"class":452},[63,133962,2455],{"class":448},[63,133964,3229],{"class":73},[63,133966,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,133968,70],{"class":69},[63,133970,74],{"class":73},[63,133972,2455],{"class":448},[63,133974,1639],{"class":452},[63,133976,2455],{"class":448},[63,133978,307],{"class":73},[63,133980,132968],{"class":181},[63,133982,74],{"class":73},[63,133984,42485],{"class":181},[63,133986,86],{"class":73},[20,133988,110],{},[54,133990,133992],{"className":56,"code":133991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"python-string-join\n",[15,133993,133994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133995,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133997,58],{"class":382},[63,133999,1639],{"class":270},[63,134001,60793],{"class":382},[63,134003,1639],{"class":270},[63,134005,134006],{"class":382},"join\n",[1193,134008,134010,134013],{"id":134009},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134011,134012],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[54,134015,134017],{"className":56,"code":134016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134018,134019,134052],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134020,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134048,134050],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134022,112388],{"class":382},[63,134024,386],{"class":270},[63,134026,3216],{"class":73},[63,134028,2455],{"class":448},[63,134030,21865],{"class":452},[63,134032,2455],{"class":448},[63,134034,102],{"class":73},[63,134036,1375],{"class":448},[63,134038,30221],{"class":452},[63,134040,2455],{"class":448},[63,134042,102],{"class":73},[63,134044,1375],{"class":448},[63,134046,134047],{"class":452},"C",[63,134049,2455],{"class":448},[63,134051,3229],{"class":73},[63,134053,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134069],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134055,70],{"class":69},[63,134057,74],{"class":73},[63,134059,5875],{"class":448},[63,134061,307],{"class":73},[63,134063,132968],{"class":181},[63,134065,74],{"class":73},[63,134067,134068],{"class":181},"chars",[63,134070,86],{"class":73},[20,134072,110],{},[54,134074,134076],{"className":56,"code":134075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ABC\n",[15,134077,134078],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134079,134080],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134081,134075],{"class":34076},[49,134083,134085],{"id":134084},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134087,134088,134090],{},[15,134089,132891],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1193,134092,134094],{"id":134093},"this-works","This works",[54,134096,134098],{"className":56,"code":134097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134099,134100,134132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134101,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134103,3418],{"class":382},[63,134105,386],{"class":270},[63,134107,3216],{"class":73},[63,134109,2455],{"class":448},[63,134111,1940],{"class":452},[63,134113,2455],{"class":448},[63,134115,102],{"class":73},[63,134117,1375],{"class":448},[63,134119,15373],{"class":452},[63,134121,2455],{"class":448},[63,134123,102],{"class":73},[63,134125,1375],{"class":448},[63,134127,36466],{"class":452},[63,134129,2455],{"class":448},[63,134131,3229],{"class":73},[63,134133,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134135,70],{"class":69},[63,134137,74],{"class":73},[63,134139,2455],{"class":448},[63,134141,1801],{"class":452},[63,134143,2455],{"class":448},[63,134145,307],{"class":73},[63,134147,132968],{"class":181},[63,134149,74],{"class":73},[63,134151,4961],{"class":181},[63,134153,86],{"class":73},[20,134155,110],{},[54,134157,134159],{"className":56,"code":134158,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134160,134161],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134162,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134164,1940],{"class":82},[63,134166,102],{"class":73},[63,134168,7397],{"class":82},[63,134170,102],{"class":73},[63,134172,134173],{"class":82}," 30\n",[1193,134175,134177],{"id":134176},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[54,134179,134181],{"className":56,"code":134180,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134182,134183,134203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134184,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134186,3418],{"class":382},[63,134188,386],{"class":270},[63,134190,3216],{"class":73},[63,134192,674],{"class":82},[63,134194,102],{"class":73},[63,134196,105],{"class":82},[63,134198,102],{"class":73},[63,134200,518],{"class":82},[63,134202,3229],{"class":73},[63,134204,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134206,70],{"class":69},[63,134208,74],{"class":73},[63,134210,2455],{"class":448},[63,134212,1801],{"class":452},[63,134214,2455],{"class":448},[63,134216,307],{"class":73},[63,134218,132968],{"class":181},[63,134220,74],{"class":73},[63,134222,4961],{"class":181},[63,134224,86],{"class":73},[20,134226,89929,134227,134229],{},[15,134228,2602],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134231,134232],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[54,134234,134236],{"className":56,"code":134235,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134237,134238,134258,134288,134292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134239,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134241,3418],{"class":382},[63,134243,386],{"class":270},[63,134245,3216],{"class":73},[63,134247,674],{"class":82},[63,134249,102],{"class":73},[63,134251,105],{"class":82},[63,134253,102],{"class":73},[63,134255,518],{"class":82},[63,134257,3229],{"class":73},[63,134259,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134261,383],{"class":382},[63,134263,386],{"class":270},[63,134265,1375],{"class":448},[63,134267,1801],{"class":452},[63,134269,2455],{"class":448},[63,134271,307],{"class":73},[63,134273,132968],{"class":181},[63,134275,74],{"class":73},[63,134277,39486],{"class":69},[63,134279,74],{"class":73},[63,134281,3037],{"class":417},[63,134283,102],{"class":73},[63,134285,3483],{"class":181},[63,134287,86],{"class":73},[63,134289,134290],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,134291,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,134293,134294,134296,134298,134300],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,134295,70],{"class":69},[63,134297,74],{"class":73},[63,134299,406],{"class":181},[63,134301,397],{"class":73},[20,134303,110],{},[54,134305,134307],{"className":56,"code":134306,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134308,134309],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134310,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134312,674],{"class":82},[63,134314,102],{"class":73},[63,134316,105],{"class":82},[63,134318,102],{"class":73},[63,134320,2180],{"class":82},[20,134322,134323,134324,307],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[303,134325,13,134326,469],{"href":41792},[15,134327,47300],{},[1193,134329,134331,134333],{"id":134330},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134332,3373],{}," values do not work directly",[54,134335,134337],{"className":56,"code":134336,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134338,134339,134367],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134340,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134342,3418],{"class":382},[63,134344,386],{"class":270},[63,134346,3216],{"class":73},[63,134348,2455],{"class":448},[63,134350,3677],{"class":452},[63,134352,2455],{"class":448},[63,134354,102],{"class":73},[63,134356,3449],{"class":3448},[63,134358,102],{"class":73},[63,134360,1375],{"class":448},[63,134362,3686],{"class":452},[63,134364,2455],{"class":448},[63,134366,3229],{"class":73},[63,134368,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134370,70],{"class":69},[63,134372,74],{"class":73},[63,134374,2455],{"class":448},[63,134376,1801],{"class":452},[63,134378,2455],{"class":448},[63,134380,307],{"class":73},[63,134382,132968],{"class":181},[63,134384,74],{"class":73},[63,134386,4961],{"class":181},[63,134388,86],{"class":73},[20,134390,134391,134392,307],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134393,2602],{},[20,134395,134396],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[54,134398,134400],{"className":56,"code":134399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134401,134402,134430,134460,134464],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134403,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134405,3418],{"class":382},[63,134407,386],{"class":270},[63,134409,3216],{"class":73},[63,134411,2455],{"class":448},[63,134413,3677],{"class":452},[63,134415,2455],{"class":448},[63,134417,102],{"class":73},[63,134419,3449],{"class":3448},[63,134421,102],{"class":73},[63,134423,1375],{"class":448},[63,134425,3686],{"class":452},[63,134427,2455],{"class":448},[63,134429,3229],{"class":73},[63,134431,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134433,383],{"class":382},[63,134435,386],{"class":270},[63,134437,1375],{"class":448},[63,134439,1801],{"class":452},[63,134441,2455],{"class":448},[63,134443,307],{"class":73},[63,134445,132968],{"class":181},[63,134447,74],{"class":73},[63,134449,39486],{"class":69},[63,134451,74],{"class":73},[63,134453,3037],{"class":417},[63,134455,102],{"class":73},[63,134457,3483],{"class":181},[63,134459,86],{"class":73},[63,134461,134462],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,134463,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,134465,134466,134468,134470,134472],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,134467,70],{"class":69},[63,134469,74],{"class":73},[63,134471,406],{"class":181},[63,134473,397],{"class":73},[20,134475,110],{},[54,134477,134479],{"className":56,"code":134478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134480,134481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134482,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134484,3677],{"class":382},[63,134486,102],{"class":73},[63,134488,3449],{"class":3448},[63,134490,102],{"class":73},[63,134492,134493],{"class":382}," banana\n",[20,134495,134496,134497,134499],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134498,3373],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1193,134501,134503,134505],{"id":134502},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134504,132891],{}," also works with tuples",[54,134507,134509],{"className":56,"code":134508,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134510,134511,134543],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134512,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134514,4596],{"class":382},[63,134516,386],{"class":270},[63,134518,8846],{"class":73},[63,134520,2455],{"class":448},[63,134522,7283],{"class":452},[63,134524,2455],{"class":448},[63,134526,102],{"class":73},[63,134528,1375],{"class":448},[63,134530,130897],{"class":452},[63,134532,2455],{"class":448},[63,134534,102],{"class":73},[63,134536,1375],{"class":448},[63,134538,7529],{"class":452},[63,134540,2455],{"class":448},[63,134542,397],{"class":73},[63,134544,134545,134547,134549,134551,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134546,70],{"class":69},[63,134548,74],{"class":73},[63,134550,2455],{"class":448},[63,134552,134553],{"class":452}," \u002F ",[63,134555,2455],{"class":448},[63,134557,307],{"class":73},[63,134559,132968],{"class":181},[63,134561,74],{"class":73},[63,134563,4640],{"class":181},[63,134565,86],{"class":73},[20,134567,110],{},[54,134569,134571],{"className":56,"code":134570,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134572,134573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134574,134575,134578,134580,134583,134585],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134576,134577],{"class":382},"Sam ",[63,134579,126701],{"class":270},[63,134581,134582],{"class":382}," Lee ",[63,134584,126701],{"class":270},[63,134586,21954],{"class":382},[49,134588,134590,134591],{"id":134589},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134592,132891],{},[20,134594,134595],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1193,134597,134599,134600,134602],{"id":134598},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134601,2602],{}," because not all items are strings",[54,134604,134606],{"className":56,"code":134605,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134607,134608,134636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134609,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134611,7386],{"class":382},[63,134613,386],{"class":270},[63,134615,3216],{"class":73},[63,134617,2455],{"class":448},[63,134619,303],{"class":452},[63,134621,2455],{"class":448},[63,134623,102],{"class":73},[63,134625,105],{"class":82},[63,134627,102],{"class":73},[63,134629,1375],{"class":448},[63,134631,9350],{"class":452},[63,134633,2455],{"class":448},[63,134635,3229],{"class":73},[63,134637,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134639,70],{"class":69},[63,134641,74],{"class":73},[63,134643,2455],{"class":448},[63,134645,1375],{"class":448},[63,134647,307],{"class":73},[63,134649,132968],{"class":181},[63,134651,74],{"class":73},[63,134653,7417],{"class":181},[63,134655,86],{"class":73},[20,134657,48126,134658,134660],{},[15,134659,274],{}," is an integer.",[20,134662,38888],{},[54,134664,134666],{"className":56,"code":134665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134667,134668,134696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134669,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134671,7386],{"class":382},[63,134673,386],{"class":270},[63,134675,3216],{"class":73},[63,134677,2455],{"class":448},[63,134679,303],{"class":452},[63,134681,2455],{"class":448},[63,134683,102],{"class":73},[63,134685,105],{"class":82},[63,134687,102],{"class":73},[63,134689,1375],{"class":448},[63,134691,9350],{"class":452},[63,134693,2455],{"class":448},[63,134695,3229],{"class":73},[63,134697,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134699,70],{"class":69},[63,134701,74],{"class":73},[63,134703,2455],{"class":448},[63,134705,1375],{"class":448},[63,134707,307],{"class":73},[63,134709,132968],{"class":181},[63,134711,74],{"class":73},[63,134713,39486],{"class":69},[63,134715,74],{"class":73},[63,134717,3037],{"class":417},[63,134719,102],{"class":73},[63,134721,5568],{"class":181},[63,134723,2510],{"class":73},[20,134725,134726,134727,307],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[303,134728,25299,134730],{"href":134729},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134731,134732],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1193,134734,134736,134737,134739],{"id":134735},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134738,132891],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134741,4126],{},[54,134743,134745],{"className":56,"code":134744,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134746,134747,134779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134748,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134750,3668],{"class":382},[63,134752,386],{"class":270},[63,134754,3216],{"class":73},[63,134756,2455],{"class":448},[63,134758,6902],{"class":452},[63,134760,2455],{"class":448},[63,134762,102],{"class":73},[63,134764,1375],{"class":448},[63,134766,11809],{"class":452},[63,134768,2455],{"class":448},[63,134770,102],{"class":73},[63,134772,1375],{"class":448},[63,134774,132949],{"class":452},[63,134776,2455],{"class":448},[63,134778,3229],{"class":73},[63,134780,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134782,383],{"class":382},[63,134784,386],{"class":270},[63,134786,5771],{"class":382},[63,134788,307],{"class":73},[63,134790,132968],{"class":181},[63,134792,74],{"class":73},[63,134794,2455],{"class":448},[63,134796,1375],{"class":448},[63,134798,397],{"class":73},[20,134800,134801,134803],{},[15,134802,132891],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134805,10419],{},[54,134807,134809],{"className":56,"code":134808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134810,134811,134843,134863,134867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134812,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134814,3668],{"class":382},[63,134816,386],{"class":270},[63,134818,3216],{"class":73},[63,134820,2455],{"class":448},[63,134822,6902],{"class":452},[63,134824,2455],{"class":448},[63,134826,102],{"class":73},[63,134828,1375],{"class":448},[63,134830,11809],{"class":452},[63,134832,2455],{"class":448},[63,134834,102],{"class":73},[63,134836,1375],{"class":448},[63,134838,132949],{"class":452},[63,134840,2455],{"class":448},[63,134842,3229],{"class":73},[63,134844,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134846,383],{"class":382},[63,134848,386],{"class":270},[63,134850,1375],{"class":448},[63,134852,1375],{"class":448},[63,134854,307],{"class":73},[63,134856,132968],{"class":181},[63,134858,74],{"class":73},[63,134860,3712],{"class":181},[63,134862,397],{"class":73},[63,134864,134865],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,134866,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,134868,134869,134871,134873,134875],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,134870,70],{"class":69},[63,134872,74],{"class":73},[63,134874,406],{"class":181},[63,134876,397],{"class":73},[1193,134878,134880],{"id":134879},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[54,134882,134884],{"className":56,"code":134883,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134885,134886,134918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134887,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134889,3668],{"class":382},[63,134891,386],{"class":270},[63,134893,3216],{"class":73},[63,134895,2455],{"class":448},[63,134897,6189],{"class":452},[63,134899,2455],{"class":448},[63,134901,102],{"class":73},[63,134903,1375],{"class":448},[63,134905,78889],{"class":452},[63,134907,2455],{"class":448},[63,134909,102],{"class":73},[63,134911,1375],{"class":448},[63,134913,133695],{"class":452},[63,134915,2455],{"class":448},[63,134917,3229],{"class":73},[63,134919,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134921,70],{"class":69},[63,134923,74],{"class":73},[63,134925,5875],{"class":448},[63,134927,307],{"class":73},[63,134929,132968],{"class":181},[63,134931,74],{"class":73},[63,134933,3712],{"class":181},[63,134935,86],{"class":73},[20,134937,110],{},[54,134939,134941],{"className":56,"code":134940,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"onetwothree\n",[15,134942,134943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134944,134945],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134946,134940],{"class":382},[20,134948,134949,134950,6235],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134951,133036],{},[1193,134953,134955,134956,131159],{"id":134954},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134957,132891],{},[54,134959,134961],{"className":56,"code":134960,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134962,134963,134995,135013,135017],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134964,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134966,3668],{"class":382},[63,134968,386],{"class":270},[63,134970,3216],{"class":73},[63,134972,2455],{"class":448},[63,134974,303],{"class":452},[63,134976,2455],{"class":448},[63,134978,102],{"class":73},[63,134980,1375],{"class":448},[63,134982,4362],{"class":452},[63,134984,2455],{"class":448},[63,134986,102],{"class":73},[63,134988,1375],{"class":448},[63,134990,9350],{"class":452},[63,134992,2455],{"class":448},[63,134994,3229],{"class":73},[63,134996,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,134998,2455],{"class":42945},[63,135000,1639],{"class":42949},[63,135002,2455],{"class":42945},[63,135004,307],{"class":73},[63,135006,132968],{"class":181},[63,135008,74],{"class":73},[63,135010,3712],{"class":181},[63,135012,397],{"class":73},[63,135014,135015],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,135016,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,135018,135019,135021,135023,135025],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,135020,70],{"class":69},[63,135022,74],{"class":73},[63,135024,3712],{"class":181},[63,135026,397],{"class":73},[20,135028,110],{},[54,135030,135031],{"className":56,"code":42492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,135032,135033],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135034,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135036,3497],{"class":73},[63,135038,456],{"class":448},[63,135040,303],{"class":452},[63,135042,456],{"class":448},[63,135044,102],{"class":73},[63,135046,449],{"class":448},[63,135048,4362],{"class":452},[63,135050,456],{"class":448},[63,135052,102],{"class":73},[63,135054,449],{"class":448},[63,135056,9350],{"class":452},[63,135058,456],{"class":448},[63,135060,3229],{"class":73},[20,135062,135063,135064,135066],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135065,132891],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[49,135068,135070,135072,135073],{"id":135069},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135071,132891],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135074,1675],{},[20,135076,10202,135077,3993,135079,135081],{},[15,135078,132891],{},[15,135080,1675],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1193,135083,128,135085,135087],{"id":135084},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135086,1675],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[54,135089,135091],{"className":56,"code":135090,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135092,135093,135106,135119,135139,135143],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135094,135095,135098,135100,135102,135104],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135096,135097],{"class":382},"first ",[63,135099,386],{"class":270},[63,135101,1375],{"class":448},[63,135103,34489],{"class":452},[63,135105,1381],{"class":448},[63,135107,135108,135111,135113,135115,135117],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,135109,135110],{"class":382},"second ",[63,135112,386],{"class":270},[63,135114,1375],{"class":448},[63,135116,89358],{"class":452},[63,135118,1381],{"class":448},[63,135120,135121,135123,135125,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,135122,383],{"class":382},[63,135124,386],{"class":270},[63,135126,135127],{"class":382}," first ",[63,135129,1675],{"class":270},[63,135131,1375],{"class":448},[63,135133,1375],{"class":448},[63,135135,2058],{"class":270},[63,135137,135138],{"class":382}," second\n",[63,135140,135141],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,135142,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,135144,135145,135147,135149,135151],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,135146,70],{"class":69},[63,135148,74],{"class":73},[63,135150,406],{"class":181},[63,135152,397],{"class":73},[20,135154,110],{},[54,135156,135158],{"className":56,"code":135157,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello World\n",[15,135159,135160],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135161,135162],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135163,135157],{"class":382},[1193,135165,128,135167,135169],{"id":135166},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135168,132891],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[54,135171,135173],{"className":56,"code":135172,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135174,135175,135217,135237,135241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135176,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135196,135198,135200,135202,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135178,3668],{"class":382},[63,135180,386],{"class":270},[63,135182,3216],{"class":73},[63,135184,2455],{"class":448},[63,135186,6902],{"class":452},[63,135188,2455],{"class":448},[63,135190,102],{"class":73},[63,135192,1375],{"class":448},[63,135194,135195],{"class":452},"makes",[63,135197,2455],{"class":448},[63,135199,102],{"class":73},[63,135201,1375],{"class":448},[63,135203,135204],{"class":452},"this",[63,135206,2455],{"class":448},[63,135208,102],{"class":73},[63,135210,1375],{"class":448},[63,135212,133390],{"class":452},[63,135214,2455],{"class":448},[63,135216,3229],{"class":73},[63,135218,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,135220,383],{"class":382},[63,135222,386],{"class":270},[63,135224,1375],{"class":448},[63,135226,1375],{"class":448},[63,135228,307],{"class":73},[63,135230,132968],{"class":181},[63,135232,74],{"class":73},[63,135234,3712],{"class":181},[63,135236,397],{"class":73},[63,135238,135239],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,135240,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,135242,135243,135245,135247,135249],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,135244,70],{"class":69},[63,135246,74],{"class":73},[63,135248,406],{"class":181},[63,135250,397],{"class":73},[20,135252,110],{},[54,135254,135256],{"className":56,"code":135255,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135257,135258],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135259,135260],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135261,135255],{"class":382},[20,135263,135264,135266],{},[15,135265,132891],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135268,135269,135272,135275],{},[33,135270,135271],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135273,135274],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135276,135277,135278,135280],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135279,1675],{}," operators",[20,135282,135283,135284,307],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[303,135285,135287],{"href":135286},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[49,135289,135291],{"id":135290},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135293,8485,135294,135296],{},[15,135295,132891],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135298,135299,135302,135307,135316,135322],{},[33,135300,135301],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135303,135304,135305],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135306,3373],{},[33,135308,135309,135310,10704,135313],{},"You may have written ",[15,135311,135312],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135314,135315],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135317,135318,135319,135321],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135320,132891],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135323,135324],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135326,93998],{},[54,135328,135330],{"className":56,"code":135329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135331,135332,135346,135356,135380,135420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135333,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135335,70],{"class":69},[63,135337,74],{"class":73},[63,135339,418],{"class":417},[63,135341,74],{"class":73},[63,135343,7417],{"class":181},[63,135345,86],{"class":73},[63,135347,135348,135350,135352,135354],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,135349,70],{"class":69},[63,135351,74],{"class":73},[63,135353,7417],{"class":181},[63,135355,397],{"class":73},[63,135357,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,135359,70],{"class":69},[63,135361,2583],{"class":73},[63,135363,418],{"class":417},[63,135365,74],{"class":73},[63,135367,22930],{"class":181},[63,135369,3256],{"class":73},[63,135371,3474],{"class":3473},[63,135373,5563],{"class":181},[63,135375,3480],{"class":3473},[63,135377,5568],{"class":181},[63,135379,191],{"class":73},[63,135381,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,135383,70],{"class":69},[63,135385,74],{"class":73},[63,135387,456],{"class":448},[63,135389,449],{"class":448},[63,135391,307],{"class":73},[63,135393,132968],{"class":181},[63,135395,2583],{"class":73},[63,135397,456],{"class":448},[63,135399,303],{"class":452},[63,135401,456],{"class":448},[63,135403,102],{"class":73},[63,135405,449],{"class":448},[63,135407,4362],{"class":452},[63,135409,456],{"class":448},[63,135411,102],{"class":73},[63,135413,449],{"class":448},[63,135415,9350],{"class":452},[63,135417,456],{"class":448},[63,135419,2596],{"class":73},[63,135421,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,135423,70],{"class":69},[63,135425,74],{"class":73},[63,135427,456],{"class":448},[63,135429,1801],{"class":452},[63,135431,456],{"class":448},[63,135433,307],{"class":73},[63,135435,132968],{"class":181},[63,135437,74],{"class":73},[63,135439,39486],{"class":69},[63,135441,74],{"class":73},[63,135443,3037],{"class":417},[63,135445,102],{"class":73},[63,135447,3216],{"class":73},[63,135449,674],{"class":82},[63,135451,102],{"class":73},[63,135453,105],{"class":82},[63,135455,102],{"class":73},[63,135457,518],{"class":82},[63,135459,36890],{"class":73},[20,135461,135462],{},"What these checks do:",[30,135464,135465,135473,135479,135485,135494],{},[33,135466,135467,135470,135471,7705],{},[15,135468,135469],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135472,7417],{},[33,135474,135475,135478],{},[15,135476,135477],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,135480,135481,135484],{},[15,135482,135483],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,135486,135487,135490,135491,135493],{},[15,135488,135489],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135492,132891],{}," behavior",[33,135495,135496,135499],{},[15,135497,135498],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[49,135501,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,135503,1459,135505,135507],{"id":135504},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135506,132891],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135509,135510,135511,135513,135514,307],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135512,132891],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135515,135516],{},"map(str, values)",[1193,135518,1459,135520,56781],{"id":135519},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135521,132891],{},[20,135523,135524],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1193,135526,1499,135528,62254],{"id":135527},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135529,132891],{},[20,135531,41769,135532,135534],{},[15,135533,132891],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1193,135536,4744,135538,39587],{"id":135537},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135539,135540],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135542,135543],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1193,135545,135547,135548,135550,135551,1506],{"id":135546},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135549,2602],{}," when using ",[15,135552,132891],{},[20,135554,135555],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[49,135557,1517],{"id":1516},[30,135559,135560,135565,135571,135577,135583],{},[33,135561,135562],{},[303,135563,135564],{"href":135286},"How to join strings in Python",[33,135566,135567],{},[303,135568,125809,135569,10352],{"href":128496},[15,135570,60150],{},[33,135572,135573],{},[303,135574,13,135575,469],{"href":41792},[15,135576,47300],{},[33,135578,135579],{},[303,135580,29968,135581],{"href":134729},[15,135582,134732],{},[33,135584,135585],{},[303,135586,124564],{"href":50591},[20,135588,96804,135589,135591],{},[15,135590,132891],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1542,135593,135594],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":135596},[135597,135598,135600,135603,135610,135620,135628,135638,135645,135646,135658],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":133008,"depth":89,"text":135599},"What join() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":135601},[135602],{"id":48624,"depth":254,"text":48625},{"id":121339,"depth":89,"text":121340,"children":135604},[135605,135606,135607,135608],{"id":133355,"depth":254,"text":133356},{"id":133447,"depth":254,"text":133448},{"id":133548,"depth":254,"text":133549},{"id":133657,"depth":254,"text":135609},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133760,"depth":89,"text":133761,"children":135611},[135612,135614,135616,135618],{"id":133767,"depth":254,"text":135613},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133834,"depth":254,"text":135615},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133923,"depth":254,"text":135617},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134009,"depth":254,"text":135619},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134084,"depth":89,"text":134085,"children":135621},[135622,135623,135624,135626],{"id":134093,"depth":254,"text":134094},{"id":134176,"depth":254,"text":134177},{"id":134330,"depth":254,"text":135625},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134502,"depth":254,"text":135627},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134589,"depth":89,"text":135629,"children":135630},"Common errors with join()",[135631,135633,135635,135636],{"id":134598,"depth":254,"text":135632},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134735,"depth":254,"text":135634},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134879,"depth":254,"text":134880},{"id":134954,"depth":254,"text":135637},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135069,"depth":89,"text":135639,"children":135640},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135641,135643],{"id":135084,"depth":254,"text":135642},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135166,"depth":254,"text":135644},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135290,"depth":89,"text":135291},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":135647},[135648,135650,135652,135654,135656],{"id":135504,"depth":254,"text":135649},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135519,"depth":254,"text":135651},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135527,"depth":254,"text":135653},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135537,"depth":254,"text":135655},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135546,"depth":254,"text":135657},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132883,"description":135659},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135666,"title":135667,"body":135668,"description":137236,"extension":1580,"meta":137237,"navigation":579,"path":137238,"seo":137239,"stem":137240,"__hash__":137241},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135669,"toc":137203},[135670,135675,135680,135682,135696,135741,135748,135753,135758,135760,135776,135785,135787,135789,135804,135806,135816,135818,135880,135882,135885,135946,135948,135964,135966,135979,135982,136029,136031,136037,136040,136043,136103,136111,136197,136201,136206,136208,136222,136225,136310,136313,136371,136382,136437,136439,136446,136452,136458,136502,136505,136552,136554,136556,136563,136565,136596,136599,136601,136632,136636,136639,136641,136681,136683,136726,136732,136737,136739,136766,136771,136774,136823,136827,136830,136905,136916,136919,136976,136983,136989,136997,137002,137009,137016,137034,137036,137090,137098,137100,137105,137108,137114,137120,137125,137128,137134,137140,137147,137155,137157,137200],[10,135671,122809,135673,10935],{"id":135672},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135674,123539],{},[20,135676,122814,135677,135679],{},[15,135678,123539],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135681,23707],{},[30,135683,135684,135687,135690,135693],{},[33,135685,135686],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,135688,135689],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,135691,135692],{},"clean up user input",[33,135694,135695],{},"make simple text matching easier",[54,135697,135699],{"className":56,"code":135698,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135700,135701,135714,135728],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135702,135703,135705,135707,135709,135712],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135704,1370],{"class":382},[63,135706,386],{"class":270},[63,135708,1375],{"class":448},[63,135710,135711],{"class":452},"Hello WORLD",[63,135713,1381],{"class":448},[63,135715,135716,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,135717,383],{"class":382},[63,135719,386],{"class":270},[63,135721,42458],{"class":382},[63,135723,307],{"class":73},[63,135725,8249],{"class":181},[63,135727,8252],{"class":73},[63,135729,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,135731,70],{"class":69},[63,135733,74],{"class":73},[63,135735,406],{"class":181},[63,135737,3256],{"class":73},[63,135739,135740],{"class":1357},"  # hello world\n",[20,135742,135743,88581,135745,135747],{},[833,135744,83439],{},[15,135746,123539],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[49,135749,138,135751,141],{"id":135750},"what-lower-does",[15,135752,123539],{},[20,135754,135755,135757],{},[15,135756,123539],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135759,12668],{},[30,135761,135762,135767,135770,135773],{},[33,135763,135764,135766],{},[15,135765,123539],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,135768,135769],{},"It works on string objects",[33,135771,135772],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,135774,135775],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135777,124561,135778,135782,135783,307],{},[303,135779,135781],{"href":135780},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[303,135784,50592],{"href":50591},[49,135786,164],{"id":163},[20,135788,167],{},[54,135790,135792],{"className":56,"code":135791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.lower()\n",[15,135793,135794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135795,135796,135798,135800,135802],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135797,60793],{"class":382},[63,135799,307],{"class":73},[63,135801,8249],{"class":181},[63,135803,8252],{"class":73},[20,135805,43267],{},[30,135807,135808,135810,135813],{},[33,135809,96982],{},[33,135811,135812],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,135814,135815],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135817,1820],{},[54,135819,135821],{"className":56,"code":135820,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135822,135823,135846,135850,135863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135824,135825,135827,135829,135831,135834,135836,135838,135840,135843],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135826,70],{"class":69},[63,135828,74],{"class":73},[63,135830,2455],{"class":448},[63,135832,135833],{"class":452},"HELLO",[63,135835,2455],{"class":448},[63,135837,307],{"class":73},[63,135839,8249],{"class":181},[63,135841,135842],{"class":73},"())",[63,135844,135845],{"class":1357},"  # hello\n",[63,135847,135848],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,135849,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,135851,135852,135854,135856,135858,135861],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,135853,7484],{"class":382},[63,135855,386],{"class":270},[63,135857,1375],{"class":448},[63,135859,135860],{"class":452},"PyThOn",[63,135862,1381],{"class":448},[63,135864,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,135866,70],{"class":69},[63,135868,74],{"class":73},[63,135870,7274],{"class":181},[63,135872,307],{"class":73},[63,135874,8249],{"class":181},[63,135876,135842],{"class":73},[63,135878,135879],{"class":1357},"  # python\n",[49,135881,11089],{"id":11088},[20,135883,135884],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[54,135886,135888],{"className":56,"code":135887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135889,135890,135902,135906,135921,135925,135936],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135891,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135893,1370],{"class":382},[63,135895,386],{"class":270},[63,135897,1375],{"class":448},[63,135899,135711],{"class":452},[63,135901,1381],{"class":448},[63,135903,135904],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,135905,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,135907,135908,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,135909,135910],{"class":382},"lower_text ",[63,135912,386],{"class":270},[63,135914,42458],{"class":382},[63,135916,307],{"class":73},[63,135918,8249],{"class":181},[63,135920,8252],{"class":73},[63,135922,135923],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,135924,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,135926,135927,135929,135931,135934],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,135928,70],{"class":69},[63,135930,74],{"class":73},[63,135932,135933],{"class":181},"lower_text",[63,135935,397],{"class":73},[63,135937,135938,135940,135942,135944],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,135939,70],{"class":69},[63,135941,74],{"class":73},[63,135943,1396],{"class":181},[63,135945,397],{"class":73},[20,135947,110],{},[54,135949,135951],{"className":56,"code":135950,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135952,135953,135957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135954,135955],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135956,133825],{"class":382},[63,135958,135959,135961],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,135960,131225],{"class":382},[63,135962,135963],{"class":34076},"WORLD\n",[20,135965,24227],{},[30,135967,135968,135973],{},[33,135969,135970,135972],{},[15,135971,123539],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,135974,135975,135976,135978],{},"the original ",[15,135977,1396],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135980,135981],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[54,135983,135985],{"className":56,"code":135984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135986,135987,135999,136013,136017],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135988,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135990,1370],{"class":382},[63,135992,386],{"class":270},[63,135994,1375],{"class":448},[63,135996,135711],{"class":452},[63,135998,1381],{"class":448},[63,136000,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136002,1370],{"class":382},[63,136004,386],{"class":270},[63,136006,42458],{"class":382},[63,136008,307],{"class":73},[63,136010,8249],{"class":181},[63,136012,8252],{"class":73},[63,136014,136015],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136016,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136018,136019,136021,136023,136025,136027],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136020,70],{"class":69},[63,136022,74],{"class":73},[63,136024,1396],{"class":181},[63,136026,3256],{"class":73},[63,136028,135740],{"class":1357},[49,136030,17037],{"id":17036},[20,136032,136033,21595,136035,307],{},[15,136034,123539],{},[833,136036,60793],{},[20,136038,136039],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136041,136042],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[54,136044,136046],{"className":56,"code":136045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136047,136048,136062,136066,136089],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136049,136050,136053,136055,136057,136060],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136051,136052],{"class":382},"answer ",[63,136054,386],{"class":270},[63,136056,1375],{"class":448},[63,136058,136059],{"class":452},"YES",[63,136061,1381],{"class":448},[63,136063,136064],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136065,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136067,136068,136070,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083,136085,136087],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136069,6602],{"class":3473},[63,136071,136072],{"class":382}," answer",[63,136074,307],{"class":73},[63,136076,8249],{"class":181},[63,136078,6971],{"class":73},[63,136080,6011],{"class":270},[63,136082,1375],{"class":448},[63,136084,8267],{"class":452},[63,136086,2455],{"class":448},[63,136088,5996],{"class":73},[63,136090,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099,136101],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136092,7677],{"class":69},[63,136094,74],{"class":73},[63,136096,2455],{"class":448},[63,136098,96291],{"class":452},[63,136100,2455],{"class":448},[63,136102,397],{"class":73},[20,136104,136105,136106,2482],{},"This is especially useful with ",[303,136107,136108,136109,1912],{"href":7828},"the ",[15,136110,2555],{},[54,136112,136114],{"className":56,"code":136113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136115,136116,136135,136139,136161,136176,136182],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136117,136118,136120,136122,136124,136126,136128,136131,136133],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136119,136052],{"class":382},[63,136121,386],{"class":270},[63,136123,7851],{"class":69},[63,136125,74],{"class":73},[63,136127,2455],{"class":448},[63,136129,136130],{"class":452},"Type yes or no: ",[63,136132,2455],{"class":448},[63,136134,397],{"class":73},[63,136136,136137],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136138,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136140,136141,136143,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153,136155,136157,136159],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136142,6602],{"class":3473},[63,136144,136072],{"class":382},[63,136146,307],{"class":73},[63,136148,8249],{"class":181},[63,136150,6971],{"class":73},[63,136152,6011],{"class":270},[63,136154,1375],{"class":448},[63,136156,8267],{"class":452},[63,136158,2455],{"class":448},[63,136160,5996],{"class":73},[63,136162,136163,136165,136167,136169,136172,136174],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136164,7677],{"class":69},[63,136166,74],{"class":73},[63,136168,2455],{"class":448},[63,136170,136171],{"class":452},"You typed yes",[63,136173,2455],{"class":448},[63,136175,397],{"class":73},[63,136177,136178,136180],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,136179,27054],{"class":3473},[63,136181,5996],{"class":73},[63,136183,136184,136186,136188,136190,136193,136195],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,136185,7677],{"class":69},[63,136187,74],{"class":73},[63,136189,2455],{"class":448},[63,136191,136192],{"class":452},"You typed something else",[63,136194,2455],{"class":448},[63,136196,397],{"class":73},[49,136198,136200],{"id":136199},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136202,136203,136205],{},[15,136204,123539],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136207,6948],{},[30,136209,136210,136213,136216,136219],{},[33,136211,136212],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136214,136215],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136217,136218],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136220,136221],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136223,136224],{},"Example: checking user input",[54,136226,136228],{"className":56,"code":136227,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136229,136230,136248,136252,136274,136289,136295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136231,136232,136234,136236,136238,136240,136242,136244,136246],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136233,44576],{"class":382},[63,136235,386],{"class":270},[63,136237,7851],{"class":69},[63,136239,74],{"class":73},[63,136241,2455],{"class":448},[63,136243,44587],{"class":452},[63,136245,2455],{"class":448},[63,136247,397],{"class":73},[63,136249,136250],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136251,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136253,136254,136256,136258,136260,136262,136264,136266,136268,136270,136272],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136255,6602],{"class":3473},[63,136257,35474],{"class":382},[63,136259,307],{"class":73},[63,136261,8249],{"class":181},[63,136263,6971],{"class":73},[63,136265,6011],{"class":270},[63,136267,1375],{"class":448},[63,136269,12726],{"class":452},[63,136271,2455],{"class":448},[63,136273,5996],{"class":73},[63,136275,136276,136278,136280,136282,136285,136287],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136277,7677],{"class":69},[63,136279,74],{"class":73},[63,136281,2455],{"class":448},[63,136283,136284],{"class":452},"Nice choice!",[63,136286,2455],{"class":448},[63,136288,397],{"class":73},[63,136290,136291,136293],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,136292,27054],{"class":3473},[63,136294,5996],{"class":73},[63,136296,136297,136299,136301,136303,136306,136308],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,136298,7677],{"class":69},[63,136300,74],{"class":73},[63,136302,2455],{"class":448},[63,136304,136305],{"class":452},"Got it.",[63,136307,2455],{"class":448},[63,136309,397],{"class":73},[20,136311,136312],{},"Example: simple search",[54,136314,136316],{"className":56,"code":136315,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136317,136318,136331,136335,136356],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136319,136320,136322,136324,136326,136329],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136321,89625],{"class":382},[63,136323,386],{"class":270},[63,136325,1375],{"class":448},[63,136327,136328],{"class":452},"Python Is Fun",[63,136330,1381],{"class":448},[63,136332,136333],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136334,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136336,136337,136339,136341,136343,136345,136347,136350,136352,136354],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136338,6602],{"class":3473},[63,136340,1375],{"class":448},[63,136342,58],{"class":452},[63,136344,2455],{"class":448},[63,136346,20793],{"class":270},[63,136348,136349],{"class":382}," message",[63,136351,307],{"class":73},[63,136353,8249],{"class":181},[63,136355,21215],{"class":73},[63,136357,136358,136360,136362,136364,136367,136369],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136359,7677],{"class":69},[63,136361,74],{"class":73},[63,136363,2455],{"class":448},[63,136365,136366],{"class":452},"Found it",[63,136368,2455],{"class":448},[63,136370,397],{"class":73},[20,136372,136373,136374,136376,136377,2482],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136375,123539],{}," is often used with ",[303,136378,136380],{"href":136379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136381,41270],{},[54,136383,136385],{"className":56,"code":136384,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136386,136387,136400,136419,136423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136388,136389,136391,136393,136395,136398],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136390,7484],{"class":382},[63,136392,386],{"class":270},[63,136394,1375],{"class":448},[63,136396,136397],{"class":452},"  ALICE  ",[63,136399,1381],{"class":448},[63,136401,136402,136405,136407,136409,136411,136413,136415,136417],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136403,136404],{"class":382},"clean_name ",[63,136406,386],{"class":270},[63,136408,35615],{"class":382},[63,136410,307],{"class":73},[63,136412,8243],{"class":181},[63,136414,8246],{"class":73},[63,136416,8249],{"class":181},[63,136418,8252],{"class":73},[63,136420,136421],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136422,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136424,136425,136427,136429,136432,136434],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136426,70],{"class":69},[63,136428,74],{"class":73},[63,136430,136431],{"class":181},"clean_name",[63,136433,3256],{"class":73},[63,136435,136436],{"class":1357},"  # alice\n",[49,136438,15215],{"id":15214},[20,136440,136441,136442,136445],{},"Strings are ",[833,136443,136444],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136447,136448,136449,136451],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136450,123539],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136453,136454,136455,136457],{},"So this does ",[833,136456,973],{}," update the original variable:",[54,136459,136461],{"className":56,"code":136460,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136462,136463,136475,136485,136489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136464,136465,136467,136469,136471,136473],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136466,1370],{"class":382},[63,136468,386],{"class":270},[63,136470,1375],{"class":448},[63,136472,135833],{"class":452},[63,136474,1381],{"class":448},[63,136476,136477,136479,136481,136483],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136478,1396],{"class":382},[63,136480,307],{"class":73},[63,136482,8249],{"class":181},[63,136484,8252],{"class":73},[63,136486,136487],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136488,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136490,136491,136493,136495,136497,136499],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136492,70],{"class":69},[63,136494,74],{"class":73},[63,136496,1396],{"class":181},[63,136498,3256],{"class":73},[63,136500,136501],{"class":1357},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136503,136504],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[54,136506,136508],{"className":56,"code":136507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136509,136510,136522,136536,136540],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136511,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136513,1370],{"class":382},[63,136515,386],{"class":270},[63,136517,1375],{"class":448},[63,136519,135833],{"class":452},[63,136521,1381],{"class":448},[63,136523,136524,136526,136528,136530,136532,136534],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136525,1370],{"class":382},[63,136527,386],{"class":270},[63,136529,42458],{"class":382},[63,136531,307],{"class":73},[63,136533,8249],{"class":181},[63,136535,8252],{"class":73},[63,136537,136538],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136539,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136541,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136543,70],{"class":69},[63,136545,74],{"class":73},[63,136547,1396],{"class":181},[63,136549,3256],{"class":73},[63,136551,135845],{"class":1357},[49,136553,1186],{"id":1185},[1193,136555,25307],{"id":25306},[20,136557,136558,136559,10704,136561,307],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136560,8249],{},[15,136562,123539],{},[20,136564,16262],{},[54,136566,136568],{"className":56,"code":136567,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136569,136570,136582],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136571,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136573,1370],{"class":382},[63,136575,386],{"class":270},[63,136577,1375],{"class":448},[63,136579,135833],{"class":452},[63,136581,1381],{"class":448},[63,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136585,70],{"class":69},[63,136587,74],{"class":73},[63,136589,1396],{"class":181},[63,136591,307],{"class":73},[63,136593,8249],{"class":24370},[63,136595,397],{"class":73},[20,136597,136598],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136600,16274],{},[54,136602,136604],{"className":56,"code":136603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136605,136606,136618],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136607,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136609,1370],{"class":382},[63,136611,386],{"class":270},[63,136613,1375],{"class":448},[63,136615,135833],{"class":452},[63,136617,1381],{"class":448},[63,136619,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628,136630],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136621,70],{"class":69},[63,136623,74],{"class":73},[63,136625,1396],{"class":181},[63,136627,307],{"class":73},[63,136629,8249],{"class":181},[63,136631,6799],{"class":73},[1193,136633,136635],{"id":136634},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136637,136638],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136640,16262],{},[54,136642,136644],{"className":56,"code":136643,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136645,136646,136658,136668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136647,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136649,1370],{"class":382},[63,136651,386],{"class":270},[63,136653,1375],{"class":448},[63,136655,135833],{"class":452},[63,136657,1381],{"class":448},[63,136659,136660,136662,136664,136666],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136661,1396],{"class":382},[63,136663,307],{"class":73},[63,136665,8249],{"class":181},[63,136667,8252],{"class":73},[63,136669,136670,136672,136674,136676,136678],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136671,70],{"class":69},[63,136673,74],{"class":73},[63,136675,1396],{"class":181},[63,136677,3256],{"class":73},[63,136679,136680],{"class":1357},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136682,16274],{},[54,136684,136686],{"className":56,"code":136685,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136687,136688,136700,136714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136689,136690,136692,136694,136696,136698],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136691,1370],{"class":382},[63,136693,386],{"class":270},[63,136695,1375],{"class":448},[63,136697,135833],{"class":452},[63,136699,1381],{"class":448},[63,136701,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710,136712],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136703,1370],{"class":382},[63,136705,386],{"class":270},[63,136707,42458],{"class":382},[63,136709,307],{"class":73},[63,136711,8249],{"class":181},[63,136713,8252],{"class":73},[63,136715,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136717,70],{"class":69},[63,136719,74],{"class":73},[63,136721,1396],{"class":181},[63,136723,3256],{"class":73},[63,136725,135845],{"class":1357},[1193,136727,311,136729,136731],{"id":136728},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136730,123539],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136733,136734,136736],{},[15,136735,123539],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136738,16262],{},[54,136740,136742],{"className":56,"code":136741,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136743,136744,136752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136745,136746,136748,136750],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136747,1386],{"class":382},[63,136749,386],{"class":270},[63,136751,124491],{"class":82},[63,136753,136754,136756,136758,136760,136762,136764],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136755,70],{"class":69},[63,136757,74],{"class":73},[63,136759,182],{"class":181},[63,136761,307],{"class":73},[63,136763,8249],{"class":181},[63,136765,6799],{"class":73},[20,136767,136768,136769,33223],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136770,123539],{},[20,136772,136773],{},"You can check the type first:",[54,136775,136777],{"className":56,"code":136776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136778,136779,136791,136795,136809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136780,136781,136783,136785,136787,136789],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136782,1370],{"class":382},[63,136784,386],{"class":270},[63,136786,1375],{"class":448},[63,136788,135833],{"class":452},[63,136790,1381],{"class":448},[63,136792,136793],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136794,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136796,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805,136807],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136798,70],{"class":69},[63,136800,74],{"class":73},[63,136802,418],{"class":417},[63,136804,74],{"class":73},[63,136806,1396],{"class":181},[63,136808,86],{"class":73},[63,136810,136811,136813,136815,136817,136819,136821],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136812,70],{"class":69},[63,136814,74],{"class":73},[63,136816,1396],{"class":181},[63,136818,307],{"class":73},[63,136820,8249],{"class":181},[63,136822,6799],{"class":73},[1193,136824,136826],{"id":136825},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136828,136829],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[54,136831,136833],{"className":56,"code":136832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136834,136835,136848,136852,136869,136884,136890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136836,136837,136839,136841,136843,136846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136838,136052],{"class":382},[63,136840,386],{"class":270},[63,136842,1375],{"class":448},[63,136844,136845],{"class":452},"Yes",[63,136847,1381],{"class":448},[63,136849,136850],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136851,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136853,136854,136856,136859,136861,136863,136865,136867],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136855,6602],{"class":3473},[63,136857,136858],{"class":382}," answer ",[63,136860,4289],{"class":270},[63,136862,1375],{"class":448},[63,136864,8267],{"class":452},[63,136866,2455],{"class":448},[63,136868,5996],{"class":73},[63,136870,136871,136873,136875,136877,136880,136882],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136872,7677],{"class":69},[63,136874,74],{"class":73},[63,136876,2455],{"class":448},[63,136878,136879],{"class":452},"Match",[63,136881,2455],{"class":448},[63,136883,397],{"class":73},[63,136885,136886,136888],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,136887,27054],{"class":3473},[63,136889,5996],{"class":73},[63,136891,136892,136894,136896,136898,136901,136903],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,136893,7677],{"class":69},[63,136895,74],{"class":73},[63,136897,2455],{"class":448},[63,136899,136900],{"class":452},"No match",[63,136902,2455],{"class":448},[63,136904,397],{"class":73},[20,136906,28681,136907,3993,136910,136913,136914,307],{},[15,136908,136909],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136911,136912],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136915,136900],{},[20,136917,136918],{},"Better:",[54,136920,136922],{"className":56,"code":136921,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136923,136924,136936,136940,136962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136925,136926,136928,136930,136932,136934],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136927,136052],{"class":382},[63,136929,386],{"class":270},[63,136931,1375],{"class":448},[63,136933,136845],{"class":452},[63,136935,1381],{"class":448},[63,136937,136938],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,136939,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,136941,136942,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952,136954,136956,136958,136960],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,136943,6602],{"class":3473},[63,136945,136072],{"class":382},[63,136947,307],{"class":73},[63,136949,8249],{"class":181},[63,136951,6971],{"class":73},[63,136953,6011],{"class":270},[63,136955,1375],{"class":448},[63,136957,8267],{"class":452},[63,136959,2455],{"class":448},[63,136961,5996],{"class":73},[63,136963,136964,136966,136968,136970,136972,136974],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,136965,7677],{"class":69},[63,136967,74],{"class":73},[63,136969,2455],{"class":448},[63,136971,136879],{"class":452},[63,136973,2455],{"class":448},[63,136975,397],{"class":73},[1193,136977,43830,136979,136982],{"id":136978},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136980,136981],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136984,136985,136986,136988],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136987,123539],{}," is enough.",[20,136990,136991,136992,136994,136995,307],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136993,136981],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136996,123539],{},[20,136998,136999,137000,122051],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137001,123539],{},[49,137003,137005,10197,137007],{"id":137004},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137006,123539],{},[15,137008,127687],{},[20,137010,137011,3993,137013,137015],{},[15,137012,123539],{},[15,137014,127687],{}," are very similar.",[30,137017,137018,137023,137028,137031],{},[33,137019,137020,137022],{},[15,137021,123539],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137024,137025,137027],{},[15,137026,127687],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137029,137030],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137032,137033],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137035,1820],{},[54,137037,137039],{"className":56,"code":137038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137040,137041,137053,137057,137073],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137042,137043,137045,137047,137049,137051],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137044,1370],{"class":382},[63,137046,386],{"class":270},[63,137048,1375],{"class":448},[63,137050,128528],{"class":452},[63,137052,1381],{"class":448},[63,137054,137055],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137056,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,137058,137059,137061,137063,137065,137067,137069,137071],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,137060,70],{"class":69},[63,137062,74],{"class":73},[63,137064,1396],{"class":181},[63,137066,307],{"class":73},[63,137068,8249],{"class":181},[63,137070,135842],{"class":73},[63,137072,135740],{"class":1357},[63,137074,137075,137077,137079,137081,137083,137085,137087],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,137076,70],{"class":69},[63,137078,74],{"class":73},[63,137080,1396],{"class":181},[63,137082,307],{"class":73},[63,137084,34101],{"class":181},[63,137086,135842],{"class":73},[63,137088,137089],{"class":1357},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137091,137092,137093,307],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[303,137094,125809,137096,10352],{"href":137095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137097,127687],{},[49,137099,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,137101,1459,137103,124136],{"id":137102},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137104,123539],{},[20,137106,137107],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1193,137109,1459,137111,137113],{"id":137110},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137112,123539],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137115,137116,137117,307],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137118,137119],{},"string.lower()",[1193,137121,4744,137123,12331],{"id":137122},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137124,123539],{},[20,137126,137127],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1193,137129,1499,137131,137133],{"id":137130},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137132,123539],{}," on user input?",[20,137135,137136,137137,137139],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137138,2555],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1193,137141,4781,137143,3993,137145,1506],{"id":137142},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137144,123539],{},[15,137146,136981],{},[20,137148,137149,137151,137152,137154],{},[15,137150,123539],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137153,136981],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[49,137156,1517],{"id":1516},[30,137158,137159,137163,137169,137175,137181,137185,137189,137195],{},[33,137160,137161],{},[303,137162,50592],{"href":50591},[33,137164,137165],{},[303,137166,125809,137167,10352],{"href":137095},[15,137168,127687],{},[33,137170,137171],{},[303,137172,125809,137173,10352],{"href":136379},[15,137174,41270],{},[33,137176,137177],{},[303,137178,125809,137179,10352],{"href":129390},[15,137180,123980],{},[33,137182,137183],{},[303,137184,124208],{"href":123064},[33,137186,137187],{},[303,137188,90301],{"href":89310},[33,137190,137191],{},[303,137192,13,137193,469],{"href":7828},[15,137194,2555],{},[33,137196,137197],{},[303,137198,137199],{"href":135780},"What is a string in Python?",[1542,137201,137202],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":137204},[137205,137207,137208,137209,137210,137211,137212,137221,137223,137235],{"id":135750,"depth":89,"text":137206},"What lower() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":136199,"depth":89,"text":136200},{"id":15214,"depth":89,"text":15215},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":137213},[137214,137215,137216,137218,137219],{"id":25306,"depth":254,"text":25307},{"id":136634,"depth":254,"text":136635},{"id":136728,"depth":254,"text":137217},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136825,"depth":254,"text":136826},{"id":136978,"depth":254,"text":137220},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137004,"depth":89,"text":137222},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":137224},[137225,137227,137229,137231,137233],{"id":137102,"depth":254,"text":137226},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137110,"depth":254,"text":137228},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137122,"depth":254,"text":137230},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137130,"depth":254,"text":137232},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137142,"depth":254,"text":137234},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135667,"description":137236},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137243,"title":137244,"body":137245,"description":138795,"extension":1580,"meta":138796,"navigation":579,"path":138797,"seo":138798,"stem":138799,"__hash__":138800},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137246,"toc":138756},[137247,137252,137257,137263,137278,137280,137340,137342,137351,137357,137362,137367,137369,137383,137387,137389,137436,137438,137456,137458,137461,137532,137534,137548,137551,137563,137572,137576,137581,137586,137590,137656,137658,137667,137671,137736,137738,137747,137750,137755,137759,137764,137768,137829,137831,137840,137844,137847,137903,137905,137914,137917,137930,137932,137936,137943,138005,138007,138020,138026,138029,138036,138041,138046,138049,138057,138059,138120,138122,138131,138134,138181,138184,138231,138233,138238,138255,138262,138267,138320,138322,138330,138332,138389,138391,138399,138403,138450,138452,138460,138468,138472,138520,138522,138531,138536,138587,138589,138598,138605,138608,138629,138631,138636,138639,138643,138646,138650,138653,138680,138686,138689,138716,138721,138723,138725,138753],[10,137248,122809,137250,10935],{"id":137249},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137251,123980],{},[20,137253,122814,137254,137256],{},[15,137255,123980],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137258,137259,137260,137262],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137261,123980],{},". You will learn:",[30,137264,137265,137269,137272,137275],{},[33,137266,25639,137267,141],{},[15,137268,123980],{},[33,137270,137271],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137273,137274],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137276,137277],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[49,137279,52],{"id":51},[54,137281,137283],{"className":56,"code":137282,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137284,137285,137298,137330],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137286,137287,137289,137291,137293,137296],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137288,1370],{"class":382},[63,137290,386],{"class":270},[63,137292,1375],{"class":448},[63,137294,137295],{"class":452},"I like cats",[63,137297,1381],{"class":448},[63,137299,137300,137302,137304,137306,137308,137310,137312,137314,137317,137319,137321,137323,137326,137328],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137301,129648],{"class":382},[63,137303,386],{"class":270},[63,137305,42458],{"class":382},[63,137307,307],{"class":73},[63,137309,34621],{"class":181},[63,137311,74],{"class":73},[63,137313,2455],{"class":448},[63,137315,137316],{"class":452},"cats",[63,137318,2455],{"class":448},[63,137320,102],{"class":73},[63,137322,1375],{"class":448},[63,137324,137325],{"class":452},"dogs",[63,137327,2455],{"class":448},[63,137329,397],{"class":73},[63,137331,137332,137334,137336,137338],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,137333,70],{"class":69},[63,137335,74],{"class":73},[63,137337,129679],{"class":181},[63,137339,397],{"class":73},[20,137341,110],{},[54,137343,137345],{"className":56,"code":137344,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like dogs\n",[15,137346,137347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137348,137349],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137350,137344],{"class":382},[20,137352,128,137353,137356],{},[15,137354,137355],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[49,137358,138,137360,141],{"id":137359},"what-replace-does",[15,137361,123980],{},[20,137363,137364,137366],{},[15,137365,123980],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137368,12668],{},[30,137370,137371,137373,137375,137378],{},[33,137372,133057],{},[33,137374,135775],{},[33,137376,137377],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137379,137380,137381],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137382,40876],{},[20,137384,124561,137385,307],{},[303,137386,124564],{"href":50591},[49,137388,5034],{"id":5033},[54,137390,137392],{"className":56,"code":137391,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137393,137394,137414],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137395,137396,137398,137400,137402,137404,137407,137409,137412],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137397,60793],{"class":382},[63,137399,307],{"class":73},[63,137401,34621],{"class":181},[63,137403,74],{"class":73},[63,137405,137406],{"class":181},"old",[63,137408,102],{"class":73},[63,137410,137411],{"class":181}," new",[63,137413,397],{"class":73},[63,137415,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137417,60793],{"class":382},[63,137419,307],{"class":73},[63,137421,34621],{"class":181},[63,137423,74],{"class":73},[63,137425,137406],{"class":181},[63,137427,102],{"class":73},[63,137429,137411],{"class":181},[63,137431,102],{"class":73},[63,137433,49217],{"class":181},[63,137435,397],{"class":73},[1193,137437,17013],{"id":17012},[30,137439,137440,137445,137451],{},[33,137441,137442,137444],{},[15,137443,137406],{}," = the text to find",[33,137446,137447,137450],{},[15,137448,137449],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137452,137453,137455],{},[15,137454,40876],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[49,137457,5389],{"id":5388},[20,137459,137460],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[54,137462,137464],{"className":56,"code":137463,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137465,137466,137478,137508,137512,137522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137467,137468,137470,137472,137474,137476],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137469,1370],{"class":382},[63,137471,386],{"class":270},[63,137473,1375],{"class":448},[63,137475,137295],{"class":452},[63,137477,1381],{"class":448},[63,137479,137480,137482,137484,137486,137488,137490,137492,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502,137504,137506],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137481,129648],{"class":382},[63,137483,386],{"class":270},[63,137485,42458],{"class":382},[63,137487,307],{"class":73},[63,137489,34621],{"class":181},[63,137491,74],{"class":73},[63,137493,2455],{"class":448},[63,137495,137316],{"class":452},[63,137497,2455],{"class":448},[63,137499,102],{"class":73},[63,137501,1375],{"class":448},[63,137503,137325],{"class":452},[63,137505,2455],{"class":448},[63,137507,397],{"class":73},[63,137509,137510],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,137511,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,137513,137514,137516,137518,137520],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,137515,70],{"class":69},[63,137517,74],{"class":73},[63,137519,1396],{"class":181},[63,137521,397],{"class":73},[63,137523,137524,137526,137528,137530],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,137525,70],{"class":69},[63,137527,74],{"class":73},[63,137529,129679],{"class":181},[63,137531,397],{"class":73},[20,137533,110],{},[54,137535,137537],{"className":56,"code":137536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137538,137539,137544],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137540,137541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137542,137543],{"class":382},"I like cats\n",[63,137545,137546],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137547,137344],{"class":382},[20,137549,137550],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,137552,137553,137558],{},[33,137554,137555,137557],{},[15,137556,1396],{}," did not change",[33,137559,137560,137562],{},[15,137561,129679],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137564,137565,137566,137568,137569,137571],{},"This happens because strings are ",[833,137567,136444],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137570,123980],{}," return a new string instead.",[49,137573,137575],{"id":137574},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137577,89319,137578,137580],{},[15,137579,123980],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137582,137583,137584,36246],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137585,40876],{},[1193,137587,137589],{"id":137588},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[54,137591,137593],{"className":56,"code":137592,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137594,137595,137608,137642,137646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137596,137597,137599,137601,137603,137606],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137598,1370],{"class":382},[63,137600,386],{"class":270},[63,137602,1375],{"class":448},[63,137604,137605],{"class":452},"cat cat cat",[63,137607,1381],{"class":448},[63,137609,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628,137630,137632,137634,137636,137638,137640],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137611,383],{"class":382},[63,137613,386],{"class":270},[63,137615,42458],{"class":382},[63,137617,307],{"class":73},[63,137619,34621],{"class":181},[63,137621,74],{"class":73},[63,137623,2455],{"class":448},[63,137625,36672],{"class":452},[63,137627,2455],{"class":448},[63,137629,102],{"class":73},[63,137631,1375],{"class":448},[63,137633,57745],{"class":452},[63,137635,2455],{"class":448},[63,137637,102],{"class":73},[63,137639,249],{"class":82},[63,137641,397],{"class":73},[63,137643,137644],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,137645,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,137647,137648,137650,137652,137654],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,137649,70],{"class":69},[63,137651,74],{"class":73},[63,137653,406],{"class":181},[63,137655,397],{"class":73},[20,137657,110],{},[54,137659,137661],{"className":56,"code":137660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137662,137663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137664,137665],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137666,137660],{"class":382},[1193,137668,137670],{"id":137669},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[54,137672,137674],{"className":56,"code":137673,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137675,137676,137688,137722,137726],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137677,137678,137680,137682,137684,137686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137679,1370],{"class":382},[63,137681,386],{"class":270},[63,137683,1375],{"class":448},[63,137685,137605],{"class":452},[63,137687,1381],{"class":448},[63,137689,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698,137700,137702,137704,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716,137718,137720],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137691,383],{"class":382},[63,137693,386],{"class":270},[63,137695,42458],{"class":382},[63,137697,307],{"class":73},[63,137699,34621],{"class":181},[63,137701,74],{"class":73},[63,137703,2455],{"class":448},[63,137705,36672],{"class":452},[63,137707,2455],{"class":448},[63,137709,102],{"class":73},[63,137711,1375],{"class":448},[63,137713,57745],{"class":452},[63,137715,2455],{"class":448},[63,137717,102],{"class":73},[63,137719,105],{"class":82},[63,137721,397],{"class":73},[63,137723,137724],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,137725,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,137727,137728,137730,137732,137734],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,137729,70],{"class":69},[63,137731,74],{"class":73},[63,137733,406],{"class":181},[63,137735,397],{"class":73},[20,137737,110],{},[54,137739,137741],{"className":56,"code":137740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137742,137743],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137744,137745],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137746,137740],{"class":382},[20,137748,137749],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137751,137752,137753,307],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[303,137754,127533],{"href":123977},[49,137756,137758],{"id":137757},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137760,137761,137763],{},[15,137762,123980],{}," can also change single characters.",[1193,137765,137767],{"id":137766},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[54,137769,137771],{"className":56,"code":137770,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137772,137773,137785,137815,137819],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137774,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137776,1370],{"class":382},[63,137778,386],{"class":270},[63,137780,1375],{"class":448},[63,137782,3686],{"class":452},[63,137784,1381],{"class":448},[63,137786,137787,137789,137791,137793,137795,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137788,383],{"class":382},[63,137790,386],{"class":270},[63,137792,42458],{"class":382},[63,137794,307],{"class":73},[63,137796,34621],{"class":181},[63,137798,74],{"class":73},[63,137800,2455],{"class":448},[63,137802,303],{"class":452},[63,137804,2455],{"class":448},[63,137806,102],{"class":73},[63,137808,1375],{"class":448},[63,137810,60092],{"class":452},[63,137812,2455],{"class":448},[63,137814,397],{"class":73},[63,137816,137817],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,137818,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,137820,137821,137823,137825,137827],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,137822,70],{"class":69},[63,137824,74],{"class":73},[63,137826,406],{"class":181},[63,137828,397],{"class":73},[20,137830,110],{},[54,137832,137834],{"className":56,"code":137833,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bonono\n",[15,137835,137836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137837,137838],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137839,137833],{"class":382},[1193,137841,137843],{"id":137842},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137845,137846],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[54,137848,137850],{"className":56,"code":137849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137851,137852,137865,137889,137893],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137853,137854,137856,137858,137860,137863],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137855,1370],{"class":382},[63,137857,386],{"class":270},[63,137859,1375],{"class":448},[63,137861,137862],{"class":452},"a b c",[63,137864,1381],{"class":448},[63,137866,137867,137869,137871,137873,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885,137887],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137868,383],{"class":382},[63,137870,386],{"class":270},[63,137872,42458],{"class":382},[63,137874,307],{"class":73},[63,137876,34621],{"class":181},[63,137878,74],{"class":73},[63,137880,2455],{"class":448},[63,137882,1375],{"class":448},[63,137884,102],{"class":73},[63,137886,5729],{"class":448},[63,137888,397],{"class":73},[63,137890,137891],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,137892,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,137894,137895,137897,137899,137901],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,137896,70],{"class":69},[63,137898,74],{"class":73},[63,137900,406],{"class":181},[63,137902,397],{"class":73},[20,137904,110],{},[54,137906,137908],{"className":56,"code":137907,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abc\n",[15,137909,137910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137911,137912],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137913,137907],{"class":382},[20,137915,137916],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137918,137919,137920,137924,137925,137929],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[303,137921,125809,137922,10352],{"href":128496},[15,137923,60150],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[303,137926,125809,137927,10352],{"href":136379},[15,137928,41270],{}," is often a better choice.",[49,137931,123456],{"id":123455},[20,137933,137934,123267],{},[15,137935,123980],{},[20,137937,126854,137938,3993,137940,126861],{},[15,137939,112493],{},[15,137941,137942],{},"\"Cat\"",[54,137944,137946],{"className":56,"code":137945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137947,137948,137961,137991,137995],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137949,137950,137952,137954,137956,137959],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137951,1370],{"class":382},[63,137953,386],{"class":270},[63,137955,1375],{"class":448},[63,137957,137958],{"class":452},"Cat cat CAT",[63,137960,1381],{"class":448},[63,137962,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,137964,383],{"class":382},[63,137966,386],{"class":270},[63,137968,42458],{"class":382},[63,137970,307],{"class":73},[63,137972,34621],{"class":181},[63,137974,74],{"class":73},[63,137976,2455],{"class":448},[63,137978,36672],{"class":452},[63,137980,2455],{"class":448},[63,137982,102],{"class":73},[63,137984,1375],{"class":448},[63,137986,57745],{"class":452},[63,137988,2455],{"class":448},[63,137990,397],{"class":73},[63,137992,137993],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,137994,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,137996,137997,137999,138001,138003],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,137998,70],{"class":69},[63,138000,74],{"class":73},[63,138002,406],{"class":181},[63,138004,397],{"class":73},[20,138006,110],{},[54,138008,138010],{"className":56,"code":138009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138011,138012],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138013,138014,138017],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138015,138016],{"class":382},"Cat dog ",[63,138018,138019],{"class":34076},"CAT\n",[20,138021,138022,138023,138025],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138024,112493],{}," was replaced.",[20,138027,138028],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138030,138031,138032,307],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[303,138033,125809,138034,10352],{"href":123536},[15,138035,123539],{},[49,138037,138,138039,11320],{"id":138038},"what-replace-returns",[15,138040,123980],{},[20,138042,138043,138045],{},[15,138044,123980],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138047,138048],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138050,138051,138054],{},[33,138052,138053],{},"no error happens",[33,138055,138056],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138058,1820],{},[54,138060,138062],{"className":56,"code":138061,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138063,138064,138076,138106,138110],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138065,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138067,1370],{"class":382},[63,138069,386],{"class":270},[63,138071,1375],{"class":448},[63,138073,3441],{"class":452},[63,138075,1381],{"class":448},[63,138077,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138079,383],{"class":382},[63,138081,386],{"class":270},[63,138083,42458],{"class":382},[63,138085,307],{"class":73},[63,138087,34621],{"class":181},[63,138089,74],{"class":73},[63,138091,2455],{"class":448},[63,138093,1786],{"class":452},[63,138095,2455],{"class":448},[63,138097,102],{"class":73},[63,138099,1375],{"class":448},[63,138101,11360],{"class":452},[63,138103,2455],{"class":448},[63,138105,397],{"class":73},[63,138107,138108],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,138109,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,138111,138112,138114,138116,138118],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,138113,70],{"class":69},[63,138115,74],{"class":73},[63,138117,406],{"class":181},[63,138119,397],{"class":73},[20,138121,110],{},[54,138123,138125],{"className":56,"code":138124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello\n",[15,138126,138127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138128,138129],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138130,138124],{"class":382},[20,138132,138133],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[54,138135,138137],{"className":56,"code":138136,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138138,138139,138151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138140,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138142,1370],{"class":382},[63,138144,386],{"class":270},[63,138146,1375],{"class":448},[63,138148,60025],{"class":452},[63,138150,1381],{"class":448},[63,138152,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138154,129648],{"class":382},[63,138156,386],{"class":270},[63,138158,42458],{"class":382},[63,138160,307],{"class":73},[63,138162,34621],{"class":181},[63,138164,74],{"class":73},[63,138166,2455],{"class":448},[63,138168,60210],{"class":452},[63,138170,2455],{"class":448},[63,138172,102],{"class":73},[63,138174,1375],{"class":448},[63,138176,6902],{"class":452},[63,138178,2455],{"class":448},[63,138180,397],{"class":73},[20,138182,138183],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[54,138185,138187],{"className":56,"code":138186,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138188,138189,138201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138190,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138192,1370],{"class":382},[63,138194,386],{"class":270},[63,138196,1375],{"class":448},[63,138198,60025],{"class":452},[63,138200,1381],{"class":448},[63,138202,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211,138213,138215,138217,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138204,1370],{"class":382},[63,138206,386],{"class":270},[63,138208,42458],{"class":382},[63,138210,307],{"class":73},[63,138212,34621],{"class":181},[63,138214,74],{"class":73},[63,138216,2455],{"class":448},[63,138218,60210],{"class":452},[63,138220,2455],{"class":448},[63,138222,102],{"class":73},[63,138224,1375],{"class":448},[63,138226,6902],{"class":452},[63,138228,2455],{"class":448},[63,138230,397],{"class":73},[49,138232,4119],{"id":4118},[20,138234,138235,138236,2482],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138237,123980],{},[30,138239,138240,138243,138247,138250],{},[33,138241,138242],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138244,1196,138245,131029],{},[15,138246,123980],{},[33,138248,138249],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138251,36829,138252,138254],{},[15,138253,123980],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1193,138256,138258,138259,138261],{"id":138257},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138260,123980],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138263,138264,138265,2482],{},"This does not update ",[15,138266,1396],{},[54,138268,138270],{"className":56,"code":138269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138271,138272,138284,138310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138273,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138275,1370],{"class":382},[63,138277,386],{"class":270},[63,138279,1375],{"class":448},[63,138281,137295],{"class":452},[63,138283,1381],{"class":448},[63,138285,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138287,1396],{"class":382},[63,138289,307],{"class":73},[63,138291,34621],{"class":181},[63,138293,74],{"class":73},[63,138295,2455],{"class":448},[63,138297,137316],{"class":452},[63,138299,2455],{"class":448},[63,138301,102],{"class":73},[63,138303,1375],{"class":448},[63,138305,137325],{"class":452},[63,138307,2455],{"class":448},[63,138309,397],{"class":73},[63,138311,138312,138314,138316,138318],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,138313,70],{"class":69},[63,138315,74],{"class":73},[63,138317,1396],{"class":181},[63,138319,397],{"class":73},[20,138321,110],{},[54,138323,138324],{"className":56,"code":137543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,138325,138326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138327,138328],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138329,137543],{"class":382},[20,138331,10419],{},[54,138333,138335],{"className":56,"code":138334,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138336,138337,138349,138379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138338,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138340,1370],{"class":382},[63,138342,386],{"class":270},[63,138344,1375],{"class":448},[63,138346,137295],{"class":452},[63,138348,1381],{"class":448},[63,138350,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138352,1370],{"class":382},[63,138354,386],{"class":270},[63,138356,42458],{"class":382},[63,138358,307],{"class":73},[63,138360,34621],{"class":181},[63,138362,74],{"class":73},[63,138364,2455],{"class":448},[63,138366,137316],{"class":452},[63,138368,2455],{"class":448},[63,138370,102],{"class":73},[63,138372,1375],{"class":448},[63,138374,137325],{"class":452},[63,138376,2455],{"class":448},[63,138378,397],{"class":73},[63,138380,138381,138383,138385,138387],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,138382,70],{"class":69},[63,138384,74],{"class":73},[63,138386,1396],{"class":181},[63,138388,397],{"class":73},[20,138390,110],{},[54,138392,138393],{"className":56,"code":137344,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,138394,138395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138396,138397],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138398,137344],{"class":382},[1193,138400,138402],{"id":138401},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[54,138404,138406],{"className":56,"code":138405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138407,138408,138420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138409,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138411,1370],{"class":382},[63,138413,386],{"class":270},[63,138415,1375],{"class":448},[63,138417,34489],{"class":452},[63,138419,1381],{"class":448},[63,138421,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138423,70],{"class":69},[63,138425,74],{"class":73},[63,138427,1396],{"class":181},[63,138429,307],{"class":73},[63,138431,34621],{"class":181},[63,138433,74],{"class":73},[63,138435,2455],{"class":448},[63,138437,3441],{"class":452},[63,138439,2455],{"class":448},[63,138441,102],{"class":73},[63,138443,1375],{"class":448},[63,138445,89554],{"class":452},[63,138447,2455],{"class":448},[63,138449,86],{"class":73},[20,138451,110],{},[54,138453,138454],{"className":56,"code":88567,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,138455,138456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138457,138458],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138459,88567],{"class":382},[20,138461,138462,138463,3993,138465,138467],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138464,64154],{},[15,138466,90036],{}," are not the same.",[1193,138469,138471],{"id":138470},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[54,138473,138475],{"className":56,"code":138474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138476,138477,138490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138478,138479,138481,138483,138485,138488],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138480,1370],{"class":382},[63,138482,386],{"class":270},[63,138484,1375],{"class":448},[63,138486,138487],{"class":452},"red red red",[63,138489,1381],{"class":448},[63,138491,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138493,70],{"class":69},[63,138495,74],{"class":73},[63,138497,1396],{"class":181},[63,138499,307],{"class":73},[63,138501,34621],{"class":181},[63,138503,74],{"class":73},[63,138505,2455],{"class":448},[63,138507,12709],{"class":452},[63,138509,2455],{"class":448},[63,138511,102],{"class":73},[63,138513,1375],{"class":448},[63,138515,12726],{"class":452},[63,138517,2455],{"class":448},[63,138519,86],{"class":73},[20,138521,110],{},[54,138523,138525],{"className":56,"code":138524,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138526,138527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138528,138529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138530,138524],{"class":382},[20,138532,138533,138534,2482],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138535,40876],{},[54,138537,138539],{"className":56,"code":138538,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138540,138541,138553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138542,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138544,1370],{"class":382},[63,138546,386],{"class":270},[63,138548,1375],{"class":448},[63,138550,138487],{"class":452},[63,138552,1381],{"class":448},[63,138554,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138556,70],{"class":69},[63,138558,74],{"class":73},[63,138560,1396],{"class":181},[63,138562,307],{"class":73},[63,138564,34621],{"class":181},[63,138566,74],{"class":73},[63,138568,2455],{"class":448},[63,138570,12709],{"class":452},[63,138572,2455],{"class":448},[63,138574,102],{"class":73},[63,138576,1375],{"class":448},[63,138578,12726],{"class":452},[63,138580,2455],{"class":448},[63,138582,102],{"class":73},[63,138584,249],{"class":82},[63,138586,86],{"class":73},[20,138588,110],{},[54,138590,138592],{"className":56,"code":138591,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue red red\n",[15,138593,138594],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138595,138596],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138597,138591],{"class":382},[1193,138599,138601,138602,138604],{"id":138600},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138603,123980],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138606,138607],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,138609,138610,138617,138624],{},[33,138611,128,138612,138616],{},[303,138613,138614],{"href":128496},[15,138615,60150],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,138618,128,138619,138623],{},[303,138620,138621],{"href":136379},[15,138622,41270],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,138625,128,138626,138628],{},[15,138627,123980],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[49,138630,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,138632,1459,138634,124136],{"id":138633},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138635,123980],{},[20,138637,138638],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1193,138640,138642],{"id":138641},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138644,138645],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1193,138647,138649],{"id":138648},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138651,138652],{},"Use the third argument:",[54,138654,138656],{"className":56,"code":138655,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138657,138658],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138659,138660,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138661,1396],{"class":382},[63,138663,307],{"class":73},[63,138665,34621],{"class":181},[63,138667,74],{"class":73},[63,138669,137406],{"class":181},[63,138671,102],{"class":73},[63,138673,137411],{"class":181},[63,138675,102],{"class":73},[63,138677,249],{"class":82},[63,138679,397],{"class":73},[1193,138681,1482,138683,138685],{"id":138682},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138684,123980],{}," remove text?",[20,138687,138688],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[54,138690,138692],{"className":56,"code":138691,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138693,138694],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138695,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712,138714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138697,1396],{"class":382},[63,138699,307],{"class":73},[63,138701,34621],{"class":181},[63,138703,74],{"class":73},[63,138705,2455],{"class":448},[63,138707,1786],{"class":452},[63,138709,2455],{"class":448},[63,138711,102],{"class":73},[63,138713,5729],{"class":448},[63,138715,397],{"class":73},[1193,138717,14521,138719,124145],{"id":138718},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138720,123980],{},[20,138722,129338],{},[49,138724,1517],{"id":1516},[30,138726,138727,138731,138737,138743,138749],{},[33,138728,138729],{},[303,138730,124215],{"href":123977},[33,138732,138733],{},[303,138734,125809,138735,10352],{"href":128496},[15,138736,60150],{},[33,138738,138739],{},[303,138740,125809,138741,10352],{"href":136379},[15,138742,41270],{},[33,138744,138745],{},[303,138746,125809,138747,10352],{"href":123536},[15,138748,123539],{},[33,138750,138751],{},[303,138752,124564],{"href":50591},[1542,138754,138755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":138757},[138758,138759,138761,138764,138765,138769,138773,138774,138776,138784,138794],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":137359,"depth":89,"text":138760},"What replace() does",{"id":5033,"depth":89,"text":5034,"children":138762},[138763],{"id":17012,"depth":254,"text":17013},{"id":5388,"depth":89,"text":5389},{"id":137574,"depth":89,"text":137575,"children":138766},[138767,138768],{"id":137588,"depth":254,"text":137589},{"id":137669,"depth":254,"text":137670},{"id":137757,"depth":89,"text":137758,"children":138770},[138771,138772],{"id":137766,"depth":254,"text":137767},{"id":137842,"depth":254,"text":137843},{"id":123455,"depth":89,"text":123456},{"id":138038,"depth":89,"text":138775},"What replace() returns",{"id":4118,"depth":89,"text":4119,"children":138777},[138778,138780,138781,138782],{"id":138257,"depth":254,"text":138779},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138401,"depth":254,"text":138402},{"id":138470,"depth":254,"text":138471},{"id":138600,"depth":254,"text":138783},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":138785},[138786,138788,138789,138790,138792],{"id":138633,"depth":254,"text":138787},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138641,"depth":254,"text":138642},{"id":138648,"depth":254,"text":138649},{"id":138682,"depth":254,"text":138791},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138718,"depth":254,"text":138793},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137244,"description":138795},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138802,"title":138803,"body":138804,"description":140823,"extension":1580,"meta":140824,"navigation":579,"path":140825,"seo":140826,"stem":140827,"__hash__":140828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138805,"toc":140787},[138806,138811,138816,138819,138830,138832,138887,138892,138897,138904,138906,138921,138923,138979,138981,139019,139024,139026,139050,139053,139066,139071,139073,139105,139107,139140,139146,139151,139154,139164,139167,139169,139225,139227,139277,139280,139288,139291,139347,139349,139422,139435,139443,139447,139458,139461,139464,139517,139519,139551,139554,139608,139610,139645,139648,139653,139658,139663,139666,139668,139726,139728,139762,139764,139779,139782,139784,139826,139828,139854,139859,139867,139870,139872,139954,139956,140007,140010,140021,140029,140031,140104,140106,140124,140128,140131,140135,140162,140164,140172,140176,140211,140213,140226,140230,140233,140272,140274,140291,140296,140301,140312,140315,140326,140328,140330,140356,140359,140408,140410,140427,140430,140432,140484,140486,140518,140521,140579,140584,140586,140591,140694,140696,140710,140712,140719,140724,140729,140734,140739,140744,140747,140751,140756,140758,140784],[10,138807,122809,138809,10935],{"id":138808},"python-string-split-method",[15,138810,60150],{},[20,138812,122814,138813,138815],{},[15,138814,60150],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138817,138818],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,138820,138821,138824,138827],{},[33,138822,138823],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,138825,138826],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,138828,138829],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[49,138831,52],{"id":51},[54,138833,138835],{"className":56,"code":138834,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138836,138837,138850,138872,138882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138838,138839,138841,138843,138845,138848],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138840,1370],{"class":382},[63,138842,386],{"class":270},[63,138844,1375],{"class":448},[63,138846,138847],{"class":452},"apple,banana,cherry",[63,138849,1381],{"class":448},[63,138851,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138853,42453],{"class":382},[63,138855,386],{"class":270},[63,138857,42458],{"class":382},[63,138859,307],{"class":73},[63,138861,34092],{"class":181},[63,138863,74],{"class":73},[63,138865,2455],{"class":448},[63,138867,102],{"class":452},[63,138869,2455],{"class":448},[63,138871,397],{"class":73},[63,138873,138874,138876,138878,138880],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,138875,70],{"class":69},[63,138877,74],{"class":73},[63,138879,42485],{"class":181},[63,138881,397],{"class":73},[63,138883,138884],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,138885,138886],{"class":1357},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138888,128,138889,138891],{},[15,138890,60150],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[49,138893,138,138895,141],{"id":138894},"what-split-does",[15,138896,60150],{},[20,138898,138899,131857,138901,307],{},[15,138900,60150],{},[833,138902,138903],{},"string method",[20,138905,48542],{},[30,138907,138908,138911,138916],{},[33,138909,138910],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,138912,119111,138913],{},[833,138914,138915],{},"new list of strings",[33,138917,119117,138918,138920],{},[833,138919,973],{}," change the original string",[20,138922,1820],{},[54,138924,138926],{"className":56,"code":138925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138927,138928,138941,138955,138959,138969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138929,138930,138932,138934,138936,138939],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138931,1370],{"class":382},[63,138933,386],{"class":270},[63,138935,1375],{"class":448},[63,138937,138938],{"class":452},"red blue green",[63,138940,1381],{"class":448},[63,138942,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138944,42453],{"class":382},[63,138946,386],{"class":270},[63,138948,42458],{"class":382},[63,138950,307],{"class":73},[63,138952,34092],{"class":181},[63,138954,8252],{"class":73},[63,138956,138957],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,138958,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,138960,138961,138963,138965,138967],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,138962,70],{"class":69},[63,138964,74],{"class":73},[63,138966,1396],{"class":181},[63,138968,397],{"class":73},[63,138970,138971,138973,138975,138977],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,138972,70],{"class":69},[63,138974,74],{"class":73},[63,138976,42485],{"class":181},[63,138978,397],{"class":73},[20,138980,110],{},[54,138982,138984],{"className":56,"code":138983,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138985,138986,138991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138987,138988],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138989,138990],{"class":382},"red blue green\n",[63,138992,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013,139015,139017],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,138994,3497],{"class":73},[63,138996,456],{"class":448},[63,138998,12709],{"class":452},[63,139000,456],{"class":448},[63,139002,102],{"class":73},[63,139004,449],{"class":448},[63,139006,12726],{"class":452},[63,139008,456],{"class":448},[63,139010,102],{"class":73},[63,139012,449],{"class":448},[63,139014,17074],{"class":452},[63,139016,456],{"class":448},[63,139018,3229],{"class":73},[20,139020,139021,139022,307],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[303,139023,124564],{"href":50591},[49,139025,164],{"id":163},[54,139027,139029],{"className":56,"code":139028,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139030,139031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139032,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139048],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139034,60793],{"class":382},[63,139036,307],{"class":73},[63,139038,34092],{"class":181},[63,139040,74],{"class":73},[63,139042,133213],{"class":181},[63,139044,102],{"class":73},[63,139046,139047],{"class":181}," maxsplit",[63,139049,397],{"class":73},[20,139051,139052],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139054,139055,139060],{},[33,139056,139057,139059],{},[15,139058,133213],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139061,139062,139065],{},[15,139063,139064],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139067,8485,139068,139070],{},[15,139069,133213],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139072,1820],{},[54,139074,139076],{"className":56,"code":139075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139077,139078,139091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139079,139080,139082,139084,139086,139089],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139081,1370],{"class":382},[63,139083,386],{"class":270},[63,139085,1375],{"class":448},[63,139087,139088],{"class":452},"one two three",[63,139090,1381],{"class":448},[63,139092,139093,139095,139097,139099,139101,139103],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139094,70],{"class":69},[63,139096,74],{"class":73},[63,139098,1396],{"class":181},[63,139100,307],{"class":73},[63,139102,34092],{"class":181},[63,139104,6799],{"class":73},[20,139106,110],{},[54,139108,139110],{"className":56,"code":139109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139111,139112],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139113,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139115,3497],{"class":73},[63,139117,456],{"class":448},[63,139119,6189],{"class":452},[63,139121,456],{"class":448},[63,139123,102],{"class":73},[63,139125,449],{"class":448},[63,139127,78889],{"class":452},[63,139129,456],{"class":448},[63,139131,102],{"class":73},[63,139133,449],{"class":448},[63,139135,133695],{"class":452},[63,139137,456],{"class":448},[63,139139,3229],{"class":73},[49,139141,311,139143,139145],{"id":139142},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139144,60150],{}," with no separator",[20,139147,69792,139148,139150],{},[15,139149,60150],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139152,139153],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139155,139156,139158,139161],{},[33,139157,10063],{},[33,139159,139160],{},"tabs",[33,139162,139163],{},"new lines",[20,139165,139166],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139168,1820],{},[54,139170,139172],{"className":56,"code":139171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139173,139174,139197,139211,139215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139175,139176,139178,139180,139182,139185,139188,139190,139192,139195],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139177,1370],{"class":382},[63,139179,386],{"class":270},[63,139181,1375],{"class":448},[63,139183,139184],{"class":452},"Python   is",[63,139186,139187],{"class":34076},"\\t",[63,139189,132949],{"class":452},[63,139191,86771],{"class":34076},[63,139193,139194],{"class":452},"and useful",[63,139196,1381],{"class":448},[63,139198,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139200,42453],{"class":382},[63,139202,386],{"class":270},[63,139204,42458],{"class":382},[63,139206,307],{"class":73},[63,139208,34092],{"class":181},[63,139210,8252],{"class":73},[63,139212,139213],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,139214,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,139216,139217,139219,139221,139223],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,139218,70],{"class":69},[63,139220,74],{"class":73},[63,139222,42485],{"class":181},[63,139224,397],{"class":73},[20,139226,110],{},[54,139228,139230],{"className":56,"code":139229,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139231,139232],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139233,139234,139236,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270,139273,139275],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139235,3497],{"class":73},[63,139237,456],{"class":448},[63,139239,6902],{"class":452},[63,139241,456],{"class":448},[63,139243,102],{"class":73},[63,139245,449],{"class":448},[63,139247,11809],{"class":452},[63,139249,456],{"class":448},[63,139251,102],{"class":73},[63,139253,449],{"class":448},[63,139255,132949],{"class":452},[63,139257,456],{"class":448},[63,139259,102],{"class":73},[63,139261,449],{"class":448},[63,139263,129574],{"class":452},[63,139265,456],{"class":448},[63,139267,102],{"class":73},[63,139269,449],{"class":448},[63,139271,139272],{"class":452},"useful",[63,139274,456],{"class":448},[63,139276,3229],{"class":73},[20,139278,139279],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1193,139281,139283,10197,139285],{"id":139282},"split-vs-split",[15,139284,60150],{},[15,139286,139287],{},"split(' ')",[20,139289,139290],{},"These are not the same.",[54,139292,139294],{"className":56,"code":139293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139295,139296,139309,139313,139327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139297,139298,139300,139302,139304,139307],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139299,1370],{"class":382},[63,139301,386],{"class":270},[63,139303,1375],{"class":448},[63,139305,139306],{"class":452},"a  b   c",[63,139308,1381],{"class":448},[63,139310,139311],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139312,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,139314,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,139316,70],{"class":69},[63,139318,74],{"class":73},[63,139320,1396],{"class":181},[63,139322,307],{"class":73},[63,139324,34092],{"class":181},[63,139326,6799],{"class":73},[63,139328,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339,139341,139343,139345],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,139330,70],{"class":69},[63,139332,74],{"class":73},[63,139334,1396],{"class":181},[63,139336,307],{"class":73},[63,139338,34092],{"class":181},[63,139340,74],{"class":73},[63,139342,2455],{"class":448},[63,139344,1375],{"class":448},[63,139346,86],{"class":73},[20,139348,110],{},[54,139350,139352],{"className":56,"code":139351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139353,139354,139382],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139355,139356,139358,139360,139362,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139357,3497],{"class":73},[63,139359,456],{"class":448},[63,139361,303],{"class":452},[63,139363,456],{"class":448},[63,139365,102],{"class":73},[63,139367,449],{"class":448},[63,139369,4362],{"class":452},[63,139371,456],{"class":448},[63,139373,102],{"class":73},[63,139375,449],{"class":448},[63,139377,9350],{"class":452},[63,139379,456],{"class":448},[63,139381,3229],{"class":73},[63,139383,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139385,3497],{"class":73},[63,139387,456],{"class":448},[63,139389,303],{"class":452},[63,139391,456],{"class":448},[63,139393,102],{"class":73},[63,139395,3434],{"class":448},[63,139397,102],{"class":73},[63,139399,449],{"class":448},[63,139401,4362],{"class":452},[63,139403,456],{"class":448},[63,139405,102],{"class":73},[63,139407,3434],{"class":448},[63,139409,102],{"class":73},[63,139411,3434],{"class":448},[63,139413,102],{"class":73},[63,139415,449],{"class":448},[63,139417,9350],{"class":452},[63,139419,456],{"class":448},[63,139421,3229],{"class":73},[30,139423,139424,139429],{},[33,139425,139426,139428],{},[15,139427,60150],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139430,139431,139434],{},[15,139432,139433],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139436,139437,139438,139442],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[303,139439,125809,139440,10352],{"href":136379},[15,139441,41270],{}," is often useful.",[49,139444,139446],{"id":139445},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139448,139449,139450,1801,139453,1805,139455,307],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139451,139452],{},"\",\"",[15,139454,133048],{},[15,139456,139457],{},"\"::\"",[20,139459,139460],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139462,139463],{},"Example with commas:",[54,139465,139467],{"className":56,"code":139466,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139468,139469,139481,139503,139507],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139470,139471,139473,139475,139477,139479],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139472,1370],{"class":382},[63,139474,386],{"class":270},[63,139476,1375],{"class":448},[63,139478,138847],{"class":452},[63,139480,1381],{"class":448},[63,139482,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139484,42453],{"class":382},[63,139486,386],{"class":270},[63,139488,42458],{"class":382},[63,139490,307],{"class":73},[63,139492,34092],{"class":181},[63,139494,74],{"class":73},[63,139496,2455],{"class":448},[63,139498,102],{"class":452},[63,139500,2455],{"class":448},[63,139502,397],{"class":73},[63,139504,139505],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,139506,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,139508,139509,139511,139513,139515],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,139510,70],{"class":69},[63,139512,74],{"class":73},[63,139514,42485],{"class":181},[63,139516,397],{"class":73},[20,139518,110],{},[54,139520,139521],{"className":56,"code":78068,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,139522,139523],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139524,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139526,3497],{"class":73},[63,139528,456],{"class":448},[63,139530,3677],{"class":452},[63,139532,456],{"class":448},[63,139534,102],{"class":73},[63,139536,449],{"class":448},[63,139538,3686],{"class":452},[63,139540,456],{"class":448},[63,139542,102],{"class":73},[63,139544,449],{"class":448},[63,139546,3695],{"class":452},[63,139548,456],{"class":448},[63,139550,3229],{"class":73},[20,139552,139553],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[54,139555,139557],{"className":56,"code":139556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139558,139559,139572,139594,139598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139560,139561,139563,139565,139567,139570],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139562,1370],{"class":382},[63,139564,386],{"class":270},[63,139566,1375],{"class":448},[63,139568,139569],{"class":452},"2024::10::31",[63,139571,1381],{"class":448},[63,139573,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139575,42453],{"class":382},[63,139577,386],{"class":270},[63,139579,42458],{"class":382},[63,139581,307],{"class":73},[63,139583,34092],{"class":181},[63,139585,74],{"class":73},[63,139587,2455],{"class":448},[63,139589,76285],{"class":452},[63,139591,2455],{"class":448},[63,139593,397],{"class":73},[63,139595,139596],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,139597,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,139599,139600,139602,139604,139606],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,139601,70],{"class":69},[63,139603,74],{"class":73},[63,139605,42485],{"class":181},[63,139607,397],{"class":73},[20,139609,110],{},[54,139611,139613],{"className":56,"code":139612,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139614,139615],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139616,139617,139619,139621,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139641,139643],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139618,3497],{"class":73},[63,139620,456],{"class":448},[63,139622,139623],{"class":452},"2024",[63,139625,456],{"class":448},[63,139627,102],{"class":73},[63,139629,449],{"class":448},[63,139631,1940],{"class":452},[63,139633,456],{"class":448},[63,139635,102],{"class":73},[63,139637,449],{"class":448},[63,139639,139640],{"class":452},"31",[63,139642,456],{"class":448},[63,139644,3229],{"class":73},[20,139646,139647],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139649,139650,139651,307],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[303,139652,128493],{"href":128492},[49,139654,311,139656],{"id":139655},"using-maxsplit",[15,139657,139064],{},[20,139659,139660,139662],{},[15,139661,139064],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139664,139665],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139667,1820],{},[54,139669,139671],{"className":56,"code":139670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139672,139673,139686,139712,139716],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139674,139675,139677,139679,139681,139684],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139676,1370],{"class":382},[63,139678,386],{"class":270},[63,139680,1375],{"class":448},[63,139682,139683],{"class":452},"name:age:city:country",[63,139685,1381],{"class":448},[63,139687,139688,139690,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139689,42453],{"class":382},[63,139691,386],{"class":270},[63,139693,42458],{"class":382},[63,139695,307],{"class":73},[63,139697,34092],{"class":181},[63,139699,74],{"class":73},[63,139701,2455],{"class":448},[63,139703,2482],{"class":452},[63,139705,2455],{"class":448},[63,139707,102],{"class":73},[63,139709,105],{"class":82},[63,139711,397],{"class":73},[63,139713,139714],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,139715,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,139717,139718,139720,139722,139724],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,139719,70],{"class":69},[63,139721,74],{"class":73},[63,139723,42485],{"class":181},[63,139725,397],{"class":73},[20,139727,110],{},[54,139729,139731],{"className":56,"code":139730,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139732,139733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139734,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755,139758,139760],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139736,3497],{"class":73},[63,139738,456],{"class":448},[63,139740,7274],{"class":452},[63,139742,456],{"class":448},[63,139744,102],{"class":73},[63,139746,449],{"class":448},[63,139748,8909],{"class":452},[63,139750,456],{"class":448},[63,139752,102],{"class":73},[63,139754,449],{"class":448},[63,139756,139757],{"class":452},"city:country",[63,139759,456],{"class":448},[63,139761,3229],{"class":73},[20,139763,1791],{},[30,139765,139766,139771,139776],{},[33,139767,139768,139769],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139770,2482],{},[33,139772,139773,139774],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139775,2482],{},[33,139777,139778],{},"then stops",[20,139780,139781],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139783,51696],{},[54,139785,139787],{"className":56,"code":139786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139788,139789,139802],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139790,139791,139793,139795,139797,139800],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139792,1370],{"class":382},[63,139794,386],{"class":270},[63,139796,1375],{"class":448},[63,139798,139799],{"class":452},"apple banana cherry grape",[63,139801,1381],{"class":448},[63,139803,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822,139824],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139805,70],{"class":69},[63,139807,74],{"class":73},[63,139809,1396],{"class":181},[63,139811,307],{"class":73},[63,139813,34092],{"class":181},[63,139815,74],{"class":73},[63,139817,2455],{"class":448},[63,139819,1375],{"class":448},[63,139821,102],{"class":73},[63,139823,249],{"class":82},[63,139825,86],{"class":73},[20,139827,110],{},[54,139829,139831],{"className":56,"code":139830,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139832,139833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139834,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139850,139852],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139836,3497],{"class":73},[63,139838,456],{"class":448},[63,139840,3677],{"class":452},[63,139842,456],{"class":448},[63,139844,102],{"class":73},[63,139846,449],{"class":448},[63,139848,139849],{"class":452},"banana cherry grape",[63,139851,456],{"class":448},[63,139853,3229],{"class":73},[49,139855,138,139857,11320],{"id":139856},"what-split-returns",[15,139858,60150],{},[20,139860,139861,139862,139864,139865,307],{},"The result of ",[15,139863,60150],{}," is always a ",[833,139866,7702],{},[20,139868,139869],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139871,1820],{},[54,139873,139875],{"className":56,"code":139874,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139876,139877,139890,139912,139916,139926,139940],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139878,139879,139881,139883,139885,139888],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139880,1370],{"class":382},[63,139882,386],{"class":270},[63,139884,1375],{"class":448},[63,139886,139887],{"class":452},"cat,dog,bird",[63,139889,1381],{"class":448},[63,139891,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139893,42453],{"class":382},[63,139895,386],{"class":270},[63,139897,42458],{"class":382},[63,139899,307],{"class":73},[63,139901,34092],{"class":181},[63,139903,74],{"class":73},[63,139905,2455],{"class":448},[63,139907,102],{"class":452},[63,139909,2455],{"class":448},[63,139911,397],{"class":73},[63,139913,139914],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,139915,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,139917,139918,139920,139922,139924],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,139919,70],{"class":69},[63,139921,74],{"class":73},[63,139923,42485],{"class":181},[63,139925,397],{"class":73},[63,139927,139928,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,139929,70],{"class":69},[63,139931,74],{"class":73},[63,139933,418],{"class":417},[63,139935,74],{"class":73},[63,139937,42485],{"class":181},[63,139939,86],{"class":73},[63,139941,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,139943,70],{"class":69},[63,139945,74],{"class":73},[63,139947,42485],{"class":181},[63,139949,3497],{"class":73},[63,139951,1734],{"class":82},[63,139953,191],{"class":73},[20,139955,110],{},[54,139957,139959],{"className":56,"code":139958,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139960,139961,139989,140003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139962,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983,139985,139987],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139964,3497],{"class":73},[63,139966,456],{"class":448},[63,139968,36672],{"class":452},[63,139970,456],{"class":448},[63,139972,102],{"class":73},[63,139974,449],{"class":448},[63,139976,57745],{"class":452},[63,139978,456],{"class":448},[63,139980,102],{"class":73},[63,139982,449],{"class":448},[63,139984,57762],{"class":452},[63,139986,456],{"class":448},[63,139988,3229],{"class":73},[63,139990,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,139992,441],{"class":270},[63,139994,445],{"class":444},[63,139996,449],{"class":448},[63,139998,7702],{"class":452},[63,140000,456],{"class":448},[63,140002,459],{"class":270},[63,140004,140005],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,140006,85087],{"class":382},[20,140008,140009],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140011,140012,140015,140018],{},[33,140013,140014],{},"loop over it",[33,140016,140017],{},"access items by index",[33,140019,140020],{},"combine items again later",[20,140022,140023,140024,307],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[303,140025,125809,140027,10352],{"href":140026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140028,132891],{},[20,140030,1820],{},[54,140032,140034],{"className":56,"code":140033,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140035,140036,140068,140090,140094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140037,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140039,42453],{"class":382},[63,140041,386],{"class":270},[63,140043,3216],{"class":73},[63,140045,456],{"class":448},[63,140047,36672],{"class":452},[63,140049,456],{"class":448},[63,140051,102],{"class":73},[63,140053,449],{"class":448},[63,140055,57745],{"class":452},[63,140057,456],{"class":448},[63,140059,102],{"class":73},[63,140061,449],{"class":448},[63,140063,57762],{"class":452},[63,140065,456],{"class":448},[63,140067,3229],{"class":73},[63,140069,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140071,1370],{"class":382},[63,140073,386],{"class":270},[63,140075,1375],{"class":448},[63,140077,1639],{"class":452},[63,140079,2455],{"class":448},[63,140081,307],{"class":73},[63,140083,132968],{"class":181},[63,140085,74],{"class":73},[63,140087,42485],{"class":181},[63,140089,397],{"class":73},[63,140091,140092],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,140093,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,140095,140096,140098,140100,140102],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,140097,70],{"class":69},[63,140099,74],{"class":73},[63,140101,1396],{"class":181},[63,140103,397],{"class":73},[20,140105,110],{},[54,140107,140109],{"className":56,"code":140108,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140110,140111],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140112,140113,140115,140117,140119,140121],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140114,36672],{"class":382},[63,140116,1639],{"class":270},[63,140118,57745],{"class":382},[63,140120,1639],{"class":270},[63,140122,140123],{"class":382},"bird\n",[49,140125,140127],{"id":140126},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140129,140130],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1193,140132,140134],{"id":140133},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[54,140136,140138],{"className":56,"code":140137,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140139,140140,140148],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140141,140142,140144,140146],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140143,1370],{"class":382},[63,140145,386],{"class":270},[63,140147,7489],{"class":448},[63,140149,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140151,70],{"class":69},[63,140153,74],{"class":73},[63,140155,1396],{"class":181},[63,140157,307],{"class":73},[63,140159,34092],{"class":181},[63,140161,6799],{"class":73},[20,140163,110],{},[54,140165,140166],{"className":56,"code":37923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,140167,140168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140169,140170],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140171,37923],{"class":73},[1193,140173,140175],{"id":140174},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[54,140177,140179],{"className":56,"code":140178,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140180,140181,140189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140182,140183,140185,140187],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140184,1370],{"class":382},[63,140186,386],{"class":270},[63,140188,7489],{"class":448},[63,140190,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140192,70],{"class":69},[63,140194,74],{"class":73},[63,140196,1396],{"class":181},[63,140198,307],{"class":73},[63,140200,34092],{"class":181},[63,140202,74],{"class":73},[63,140204,2455],{"class":448},[63,140206,102],{"class":452},[63,140208,2455],{"class":448},[63,140210,86],{"class":73},[20,140212,110],{},[54,140214,140216],{"className":56,"code":140215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['']\n",[15,140217,140218],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140219,140220,140222,140224],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140221,3497],{"class":73},[63,140223,3368],{"class":448},[63,140225,3229],{"class":73},[1193,140227,140229],{"id":140228},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140231,140232],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[54,140234,140236],{"className":56,"code":140235,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140237,140238,140250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140239,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140241,1370],{"class":382},[63,140243,386],{"class":270},[63,140245,1375],{"class":448},[63,140247,3441],{"class":452},[63,140249,1381],{"class":448},[63,140251,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140253,70],{"class":69},[63,140255,74],{"class":73},[63,140257,1396],{"class":181},[63,140259,307],{"class":73},[63,140261,34092],{"class":181},[63,140263,74],{"class":73},[63,140265,2455],{"class":448},[63,140267,102],{"class":452},[63,140269,2455],{"class":448},[63,140271,86],{"class":73},[20,140273,110],{},[54,140275,140277],{"className":56,"code":140276,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['hello']\n",[15,140278,140279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140280,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140282,3497],{"class":73},[63,140284,456],{"class":448},[63,140286,3441],{"class":452},[63,140288,456],{"class":448},[63,140290,3229],{"class":73},[49,140292,1114,140294],{"id":140293},"when-to-use-split",[15,140295,60150],{},[20,140297,128,140298,140300],{},[15,140299,60150],{}," when you need to:",[30,140302,140303,140306,140309],{},[33,140304,140305],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140307,140308],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140310,140311],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140313,140314],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140316,140317,140320,140323],{},[33,140318,140319],{},"cleaning text",[33,140321,140322],{},"parsing user input",[33,140324,140325],{},"processing simple file content",[49,140327,1186],{"id":1185},[20,140329,83858],{},[30,140331,140332,140336,140342,140345,140353],{},[33,140333,50121,140334,131029],{},[15,140335,60150],{},[33,140337,140338,140339,140341],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140340,60150],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140343,140344],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140346,140347,140348,140350,140351],{},"assuming ",[15,140349,139287],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140352,60150],{},[33,140354,140355],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140357,140358],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[54,140360,140362],{"className":56,"code":140361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140363,140364,140376,140394,140398],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140365,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140367,1370],{"class":382},[63,140369,386],{"class":270},[63,140371,1375],{"class":448},[63,140373,42446],{"class":452},[63,140375,1381],{"class":448},[63,140377,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140379,1396],{"class":382},[63,140381,307],{"class":73},[63,140383,34092],{"class":181},[63,140385,74],{"class":73},[63,140387,2455],{"class":448},[63,140389,102],{"class":452},[63,140391,2455],{"class":448},[63,140393,397],{"class":73},[63,140395,140396],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,140397,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,140399,140400,140402,140404,140406],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,140401,70],{"class":69},[63,140403,74],{"class":73},[63,140405,1396],{"class":181},[63,140407,397],{"class":73},[20,140409,110],{},[54,140411,140413],{"className":56,"code":140412,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a,b,c\n",[15,140414,140415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140416,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140418,303],{"class":382},[63,140420,102],{"class":73},[63,140422,4362],{"class":382},[63,140424,102],{"class":73},[63,140426,68864],{"class":382},[20,140428,140429],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140431,10419],{},[54,140433,140434],{"className":56,"code":42433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,140435,140436,140448,140470,140474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140437,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140439,1370],{"class":382},[63,140441,386],{"class":270},[63,140443,1375],{"class":448},[63,140445,42446],{"class":452},[63,140447,1381],{"class":448},[63,140449,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140451,42453],{"class":382},[63,140453,386],{"class":270},[63,140455,42458],{"class":382},[63,140457,307],{"class":73},[63,140459,34092],{"class":181},[63,140461,74],{"class":73},[63,140463,2455],{"class":448},[63,140465,102],{"class":452},[63,140467,2455],{"class":448},[63,140469,397],{"class":73},[63,140471,140472],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,140473,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,140475,140476,140478,140480,140482],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,140477,70],{"class":69},[63,140479,74],{"class":73},[63,140481,42485],{"class":181},[63,140483,397],{"class":73},[20,140485,110],{},[54,140487,140488],{"className":56,"code":42492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,140489,140490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140491,140492,140494,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140493,3497],{"class":73},[63,140495,456],{"class":448},[63,140497,303],{"class":452},[63,140499,456],{"class":448},[63,140501,102],{"class":73},[63,140503,449],{"class":448},[63,140505,4362],{"class":452},[63,140507,456],{"class":448},[63,140509,102],{"class":73},[63,140511,449],{"class":448},[63,140513,9350],{"class":452},[63,140515,456],{"class":448},[63,140517,3229],{"class":73},[20,140519,140520],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[54,140522,140524],{"className":56,"code":140523,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140525,140526,140539,140561,140565],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140527,140528,140530,140532,140534,140537],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140529,1370],{"class":382},[63,140531,386],{"class":270},[63,140533,1375],{"class":448},[63,140535,140536],{"class":452},"apple,banana",[63,140538,1381],{"class":448},[63,140540,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140542,42453],{"class":382},[63,140544,386],{"class":270},[63,140546,42458],{"class":382},[63,140548,307],{"class":73},[63,140550,34092],{"class":181},[63,140552,74],{"class":73},[63,140554,2455],{"class":448},[63,140556,102],{"class":452},[63,140558,2455],{"class":448},[63,140560,397],{"class":73},[63,140562,140563],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,140564,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,140566,140567,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,140568,70],{"class":69},[63,140570,74],{"class":73},[63,140572,42485],{"class":181},[63,140574,3497],{"class":73},[63,140576,274],{"class":82},[63,140578,191],{"class":73},[20,140580,140581,140582,307],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[303,140583,68877],{"href":68876},[1193,140585,60329],{"id":60328},[20,140587,8485,140588,140590],{},[15,140589,60150],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[54,140592,140594],{"className":56,"code":140593,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140595,140596,140606,140620,140642,140668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140597,140598,140600,140602,140604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140599,70],{"class":69},[63,140601,74],{"class":73},[63,140603,1396],{"class":181},[63,140605,397],{"class":73},[63,140607,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140609,70],{"class":69},[63,140611,74],{"class":73},[63,140613,1396],{"class":181},[63,140615,307],{"class":73},[63,140617,34092],{"class":181},[63,140619,6799],{"class":73},[63,140621,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,140623,70],{"class":69},[63,140625,74],{"class":73},[63,140627,1396],{"class":181},[63,140629,307],{"class":73},[63,140631,34092],{"class":181},[63,140633,74],{"class":73},[63,140635,456],{"class":448},[63,140637,102],{"class":452},[63,140639,456],{"class":448},[63,140641,86],{"class":73},[63,140643,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664,140666],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,140645,70],{"class":69},[63,140647,74],{"class":73},[63,140649,10774],{"class":69},[63,140651,74],{"class":73},[63,140653,1396],{"class":181},[63,140655,307],{"class":73},[63,140657,34092],{"class":181},[63,140659,74],{"class":73},[63,140661,456],{"class":448},[63,140663,102],{"class":452},[63,140665,456],{"class":448},[63,140667,2510],{"class":73},[63,140669,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,140671,70],{"class":69},[63,140673,74],{"class":73},[63,140675,418],{"class":417},[63,140677,74],{"class":73},[63,140679,1396],{"class":181},[63,140681,307],{"class":73},[63,140683,34092],{"class":181},[63,140685,74],{"class":73},[63,140687,456],{"class":448},[63,140689,102],{"class":452},[63,140691,456],{"class":448},[63,140693,2510],{"class":73},[20,140695,10783],{},[30,140697,140698,140701,140704,140707],{},[33,140699,140700],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,140702,140703],{},"which separator works",[33,140705,140706],{},"how many items were created",[33,140708,140709],{},"that the result is a list",[49,140711,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,140713,4781,140715,3993,140717,1506],{"id":140714},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140716,60150],{},[15,140718,139287],{},[20,140720,140721,140723],{},[15,140722,60150],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140725,140726,140728],{},[15,140727,139287],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1193,140730,1459,140732,124136],{"id":140731},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140733,60150],{},[20,140735,140736,140737,56096],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140738,60150],{},[1193,140740,4744,140742,39587],{"id":140741},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140743,139064],{},[20,140745,140746],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1193,140748,140750],{"id":140749},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140752,28681,140753,140755],{},[15,140754,60150],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[49,140757,1517],{"id":1516},[30,140759,140760,140764,140770,140776,140780],{},[33,140761,140762],{},[303,140763,129414],{"href":128492},[33,140765,140766],{},[303,140767,125809,140768,10352],{"href":140026},[15,140769,132891],{},[33,140771,140772],{},[303,140773,125809,140774,10352],{"href":136379},[15,140775,41270],{},[33,140777,140778],{},[303,140779,124564],{"href":50591},[33,140781,140782],{},[303,140783,68877],{"href":68876},[1542,140785,140786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":140788},[140789,140790,140792,140793,140798,140799,140801,140803,140808,140810,140813,140822],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":138894,"depth":89,"text":140791},"What split() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":139142,"depth":89,"text":140794,"children":140795},"Using split() with no separator",[140796],{"id":139282,"depth":254,"text":140797},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139445,"depth":89,"text":139446},{"id":139655,"depth":89,"text":140800},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139856,"depth":89,"text":140802},"What split() returns",{"id":140126,"depth":89,"text":140127,"children":140804},[140805,140806,140807],{"id":140133,"depth":254,"text":140134},{"id":140174,"depth":254,"text":140175},{"id":140228,"depth":254,"text":140229},{"id":140293,"depth":89,"text":140809},"When to use split()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":140811},[140812],{"id":60328,"depth":254,"text":60329},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":140814},[140815,140817,140819,140821],{"id":140714,"depth":254,"text":140816},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140731,"depth":254,"text":140818},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140741,"depth":254,"text":140820},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140749,"depth":254,"text":140750},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138803,"description":140823},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140830,"title":140831,"body":140832,"description":142775,"extension":1580,"meta":142776,"navigation":579,"path":142777,"seo":142778,"stem":142779,"__hash__":142780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140833,"toc":142734},[140834,140839,140844,140851,140924,140929,140934,140939,140955,140957,141027,141029,141031,141051,141053,141098,141103,141105,141203,141208,141212,141217,141221,141224,141266,141270,141273,141318,141322,141325,141375,141379,141384,141436,141438,141443,141454,141459,141539,141541,141553,141562,141569,141584,141586,141701,141707,141711,141714,141719,141861,141864,141871,141873,141877,141885,141954,141960,142009,142014,142019,142021,142041,142043,142109,142111,142115,142118,142122,142163,142165,142198,142203,142206,142233,142235,142278,142285,142290,142300,142366,142370,142378,142383,142434,142438,142441,142443,142452,142454,142504,142506,142613,142615,142620,142627,142633,142636,142667,142672,142674,142681,142689,142698,142701,142703,142731],[10,140835,122809,140837,10935],{"id":140836},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140838,127177],{},[20,140840,122814,140841,140843],{},[15,140842,127177],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140845,125875,140846,632,140848,140850],{},[15,140847,3196],{},[15,140849,3269],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[54,140852,140854],{"className":56,"code":140853,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140855,140856,140869,140873,140898],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140857,140858,140860,140862,140864,140867],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140859,1370],{"class":382},[63,140861,386],{"class":270},[63,140863,1375],{"class":448},[63,140865,140866],{"class":452},"Python Beginner Help",[63,140868,1381],{"class":448},[63,140870,140871],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140872,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,140874,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,140876,70],{"class":69},[63,140878,74],{"class":73},[63,140880,1396],{"class":181},[63,140882,307],{"class":73},[63,140884,140885],{"class":181},"startswith",[63,140887,74],{"class":73},[63,140889,2455],{"class":448},[63,140891,6902],{"class":452},[63,140893,2455],{"class":448},[63,140895,4964],{"class":73},[63,140897,43472],{"class":1357},[63,140899,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914,140917,140919,140921],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,140901,70],{"class":69},[63,140903,74],{"class":73},[63,140905,1396],{"class":181},[63,140907,307],{"class":73},[63,140909,140885],{"class":181},[63,140911,74],{"class":73},[63,140913,2455],{"class":448},[63,140915,140916],{"class":452},"Beginner",[63,140918,2455],{"class":448},[63,140920,4964],{"class":73},[63,140922,140923],{"class":1357}," # False\n",[20,140925,128,140926,140928],{},[15,140927,127177],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[49,140930,138,140932,141],{"id":140931},"what-startswith-does",[15,140933,127177],{},[20,140935,140936,140938],{},[15,140937,127177],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,140940,140941,140944,140950,140952],{},[33,140942,140943],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,140945,4750,140946,632,140948],{},[15,140947,3196],{},[15,140949,3269],{},[33,140951,122952],{},[33,140953,140954],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140956,1820],{},[54,140958,140960],{"className":56,"code":140959,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140961,140962,140974,140978,141003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140963,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140965,7484],{"class":382},[63,140967,386],{"class":270},[63,140969,1375],{"class":448},[63,140971,6902],{"class":452},[63,140973,1381],{"class":448},[63,140975,140976],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,140977,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,140979,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140997,140999,141001],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,140981,70],{"class":69},[63,140983,74],{"class":73},[63,140985,7274],{"class":181},[63,140987,307],{"class":73},[63,140989,140885],{"class":181},[63,140991,74],{"class":73},[63,140993,2455],{"class":448},[63,140995,140996],{"class":452},"Py",[63,140998,2455],{"class":448},[63,141000,4964],{"class":73},[63,141002,43472],{"class":1357},[63,141004,141005,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,141006,70],{"class":69},[63,141008,74],{"class":73},[63,141010,7274],{"class":181},[63,141012,307],{"class":73},[63,141014,140885],{"class":181},[63,141016,74],{"class":73},[63,141018,2455],{"class":448},[63,141020,128255],{"class":452},[63,141022,2455],{"class":448},[63,141024,4964],{"class":73},[63,141026,43489],{"class":1357},[49,141028,164],{"id":163},[20,141030,42001],{},[54,141032,141034],{"className":56,"code":141033,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141035,141036],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141037,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141049],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141039,60793],{"class":382},[63,141041,307],{"class":73},[63,141043,140885],{"class":181},[63,141045,74],{"class":73},[63,141047,141048],{"class":181},"prefix",[63,141050,397],{"class":73},[20,141052,30385],{},[54,141054,141056],{"className":56,"code":141055,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141057,141058,141076],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141059,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141061,60793],{"class":382},[63,141063,307],{"class":73},[63,141065,140885],{"class":181},[63,141067,74],{"class":73},[63,141069,141048],{"class":181},[63,141071,102],{"class":73},[63,141073,35675],{"class":181},[63,141075,397],{"class":73},[63,141077,141078,141080,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141079,60793],{"class":382},[63,141081,307],{"class":73},[63,141083,140885],{"class":181},[63,141085,74],{"class":73},[63,141087,141048],{"class":181},[63,141089,102],{"class":73},[63,141091,35675],{"class":181},[63,141093,102],{"class":73},[63,141095,64660],{"class":181},[63,141097,397],{"class":73},[20,141099,20390,141100,141102],{},[15,141101,141048],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141104,1820],{},[54,141106,141108],{"className":56,"code":141107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141109,141110,141122,141126,141151,141175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141111,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141113,1370],{"class":382},[63,141115,386],{"class":270},[63,141117,1375],{"class":448},[63,141119,60025],{"class":452},[63,141121,1381],{"class":448},[63,141123,141124],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141125,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,141127,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,141129,70],{"class":69},[63,141131,74],{"class":73},[63,141133,1396],{"class":181},[63,141135,307],{"class":73},[63,141137,140885],{"class":181},[63,141139,74],{"class":73},[63,141141,2455],{"class":448},[63,141143,3441],{"class":452},[63,141145,2455],{"class":448},[63,141147,4964],{"class":73},[63,141149,141150],{"class":1357},"      # True\n",[63,141152,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,141154,70],{"class":69},[63,141156,74],{"class":73},[63,141158,1396],{"class":181},[63,141160,307],{"class":73},[63,141162,140885],{"class":181},[63,141164,74],{"class":73},[63,141166,2455],{"class":448},[63,141168,60210],{"class":452},[63,141170,2455],{"class":448},[63,141172,4964],{"class":73},[63,141174,20820],{"class":1357},[63,141176,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,141178,70],{"class":69},[63,141180,74],{"class":73},[63,141182,1396],{"class":181},[63,141184,307],{"class":73},[63,141186,140885],{"class":181},[63,141188,74],{"class":73},[63,141190,2455],{"class":448},[63,141192,60210],{"class":452},[63,141194,2455],{"class":448},[63,141196,102],{"class":73},[63,141198,37269],{"class":82},[63,141200,4964],{"class":73},[63,141202,43472],{"class":1357},[20,141204,141205,141206,307],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[303,141207,124564],{"href":50591},[49,141209,141211],{"id":141210},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141213,141214,141216],{},[15,141215,127177],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1193,141218,141219],{"id":141048},[15,141220,141048],{},[20,141222,141223],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[54,141225,141227],{"className":56,"code":141226,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141228,141229,141241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141230,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141232,1370],{"class":382},[63,141234,386],{"class":270},[63,141236,1375],{"class":448},[63,141238,3686],{"class":452},[63,141240,1381],{"class":448},[63,141242,141243,141245,141247,141249,141251,141253,141255,141257,141260,141262,141264],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141244,70],{"class":69},[63,141246,74],{"class":73},[63,141248,1396],{"class":181},[63,141250,307],{"class":73},[63,141252,140885],{"class":181},[63,141254,74],{"class":73},[63,141256,2455],{"class":448},[63,141258,141259],{"class":452},"ban",[63,141261,2455],{"class":448},[63,141263,4964],{"class":73},[63,141265,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,141267,141268],{"id":35696},[15,141269,35696],{},[20,141271,141272],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[54,141274,141276],{"className":56,"code":141275,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141277,141278,141290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141279,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141281,1370],{"class":382},[63,141283,386],{"class":270},[63,141285,1375],{"class":448},[63,141287,60025],{"class":452},[63,141289,1381],{"class":448},[63,141291,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141293,70],{"class":69},[63,141295,74],{"class":73},[63,141297,1396],{"class":181},[63,141299,307],{"class":73},[63,141301,140885],{"class":181},[63,141303,74],{"class":73},[63,141305,2455],{"class":448},[63,141307,60210],{"class":452},[63,141309,2455],{"class":448},[63,141311,102],{"class":73},[63,141313,37269],{"class":82},[63,141315,4964],{"class":73},[63,141317,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,141319,141320],{"id":52277},[15,141321,52277],{},[20,141323,141324],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[54,141326,141328],{"className":56,"code":141327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141329,141330,141342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141331,141332,141334,141336,141338,141340],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141333,1370],{"class":382},[63,141335,386],{"class":270},[63,141337,1375],{"class":448},[63,141339,60025],{"class":452},[63,141341,1381],{"class":448},[63,141343,141344,141346,141348,141350,141352,141354,141356,141358,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141345,70],{"class":69},[63,141347,74],{"class":73},[63,141349,1396],{"class":181},[63,141351,307],{"class":73},[63,141353,140885],{"class":181},[63,141355,74],{"class":73},[63,141357,2455],{"class":448},[63,141359,141360],{"class":452},"wor",[63,141362,2455],{"class":448},[63,141364,102],{"class":73},[63,141366,37269],{"class":82},[63,141368,102],{"class":73},[63,141370,53753],{"class":82},[63,141372,4964],{"class":73},[63,141374,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,141376,141378],{"id":141377},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141380,141381,141383],{},[15,141382,141048],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[54,141385,141387],{"className":56,"code":141386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141388,141389,141402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141390,141391,141393,141395,141397,141400],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141392,125892],{"class":382},[63,141394,386],{"class":270},[63,141396,1375],{"class":448},[63,141398,141399],{"class":452},"img_001.png",[63,141401,1381],{"class":448},[63,141403,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418,141421,141423,141425,141427,141430,141432,141434],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141405,70],{"class":69},[63,141407,74],{"class":73},[63,141409,125910],{"class":181},[63,141411,307],{"class":73},[63,141413,140885],{"class":181},[63,141415,5112],{"class":73},[63,141417,2455],{"class":448},[63,141419,141420],{"class":452},"img_",[63,141422,2455],{"class":448},[63,141424,102],{"class":73},[63,141426,1375],{"class":448},[63,141428,141429],{"class":452},"photo_",[63,141431,2455],{"class":448},[63,141433,50707],{"class":73},[63,141435,3259],{"class":1357},[49,141437,17037],{"id":17036},[20,141439,141440,141442],{},[15,141441,127177],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141444,141445,141450],{},[33,141446,141447,141449],{},[15,141448,3196],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141451,141452,126494],{},[15,141453,3269],{},[20,141455,141456,141457,6777],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141458,6602],{},[54,141460,141462],{"className":56,"code":141461,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141463,141464,141478,141482,141503,141518,141524],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141465,141466,141469,141471,141473,141476],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141467,141468],{"class":382},"command ",[63,141470,386],{"class":270},[63,141472,1375],{"class":448},[63,141474,141475],{"class":452},"\u002Fhelp",[63,141477,1381],{"class":448},[63,141479,141480],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141481,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,141483,141484,141486,141489,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,141485,6602],{"class":3473},[63,141487,141488],{"class":382}," command",[63,141490,307],{"class":73},[63,141492,140885],{"class":181},[63,141494,74],{"class":73},[63,141496,2455],{"class":448},[63,141498,126701],{"class":452},[63,141500,2455],{"class":448},[63,141502,7951],{"class":73},[63,141504,141505,141507,141509,141511,141514,141516],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,141506,7677],{"class":69},[63,141508,74],{"class":73},[63,141510,2455],{"class":448},[63,141512,141513],{"class":452},"This looks like a command.",[63,141515,2455],{"class":448},[63,141517,397],{"class":73},[63,141519,141520,141522],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,141521,27054],{"class":3473},[63,141523,5996],{"class":73},[63,141525,141526,141528,141530,141532,141535,141537],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,141527,7677],{"class":69},[63,141529,74],{"class":73},[63,141531,2455],{"class":448},[63,141533,141534],{"class":452},"This is normal text.",[63,141536,2455],{"class":448},[63,141538,397],{"class":73},[20,141540,110],{},[54,141542,141544],{"className":56,"code":141543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141545,141546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141547,141548,141551],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141549,141550],{"class":382},"This looks like a command",[63,141552,121841],{"class":73},[49,141554,311,141556,8314,141558,3993,141560],{"id":141555},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141557,127177],{},[15,141559,35696],{},[15,141561,52277],{},[20,141563,1597,141564,3993,141566,141568],{},[15,141565,35696],{},[15,141567,52277],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,141570,141571,141576,141581],{},[33,141572,141573,141575],{},[15,141574,35696],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,141577,141578,141580],{},[15,141579,52277],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,141582,141583],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141585,1820],{},[54,141587,141589],{"className":56,"code":141588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141590,141591,141603,141607,141636,141669],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141592,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141594,1370],{"class":382},[63,141596,386],{"class":270},[63,141598,1375],{"class":448},[63,141600,139088],{"class":452},[63,141602,1381],{"class":448},[63,141604,141605],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141606,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,141608,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,141610,70],{"class":69},[63,141612,74],{"class":73},[63,141614,1396],{"class":181},[63,141616,307],{"class":73},[63,141618,140885],{"class":181},[63,141620,74],{"class":73},[63,141622,2455],{"class":448},[63,141624,78889],{"class":452},[63,141626,2455],{"class":448},[63,141628,102],{"class":73},[63,141630,2061],{"class":82},[63,141632,4964],{"class":73},[63,141634,141635],{"class":1357},"        # True\n",[63,141637,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141665,141667],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,141639,70],{"class":69},[63,141641,74],{"class":73},[63,141643,1396],{"class":181},[63,141645,307],{"class":73},[63,141647,140885],{"class":181},[63,141649,74],{"class":73},[63,141651,2455],{"class":448},[63,141653,133695],{"class":452},[63,141655,2455],{"class":448},[63,141657,102],{"class":73},[63,141659,5962],{"class":82},[63,141661,102],{"class":73},[63,141663,141664],{"class":82}," 13",[63,141666,4964],{"class":73},[63,141668,3259],{"class":1357},[63,141670,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,141672,70],{"class":69},[63,141674,74],{"class":73},[63,141676,1396],{"class":181},[63,141678,307],{"class":73},[63,141680,140885],{"class":181},[63,141682,74],{"class":73},[63,141684,2455],{"class":448},[63,141686,133695],{"class":452},[63,141688,2455],{"class":448},[63,141690,102],{"class":73},[63,141692,5962],{"class":82},[63,141694,102],{"class":73},[63,141696,30564],{"class":82},[63,141698,4964],{"class":73},[63,141700,4373],{"class":1357},[20,141702,141703,141704,141706],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141705,52277],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[49,141708,141710],{"id":141709},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141712,141713],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141715,141716,141717,48963],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141718,40459],{},[54,141720,141722],{"className":56,"code":141721,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141723,141724,141738,141752,141766,141770,141794,141798,141819,141840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141725,141726,141729,141731,141733,141736],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141727,141728],{"class":382},"filename1 ",[63,141730,386],{"class":270},[63,141732,1375],{"class":448},[63,141734,141735],{"class":452},"img_101.jpg",[63,141737,1381],{"class":448},[63,141739,141740,141743,141745,141747,141750],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141741,141742],{"class":382},"filename2 ",[63,141744,386],{"class":270},[63,141746,1375],{"class":448},[63,141748,141749],{"class":452},"photo_202.jpg",[63,141751,1381],{"class":448},[63,141753,141754,141757,141759,141761,141764],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,141755,141756],{"class":382},"filename3 ",[63,141758,386],{"class":270},[63,141760,1375],{"class":448},[63,141762,141763],{"class":452},"doc_303.jpg",[63,141765,1381],{"class":448},[63,141767,141768],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,141769,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,141771,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,141773,127104],{"class":382},[63,141775,386],{"class":270},[63,141777,8846],{"class":73},[63,141779,2455],{"class":448},[63,141781,141420],{"class":452},[63,141783,2455],{"class":448},[63,141785,102],{"class":73},[63,141787,1375],{"class":448},[63,141789,141429],{"class":452},[63,141791,2455],{"class":448},[63,141793,397],{"class":73},[63,141795,141796],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,141797,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,141799,141800,141802,141804,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,141801,70],{"class":69},[63,141803,74],{"class":73},[63,141805,141806],{"class":181},"filename1",[63,141808,307],{"class":73},[63,141810,140885],{"class":181},[63,141812,74],{"class":73},[63,141814,127156],{"class":181},[63,141816,4964],{"class":73},[63,141818,3259],{"class":1357},[63,141820,141821,141823,141825,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,141822,70],{"class":69},[63,141824,74],{"class":73},[63,141826,141827],{"class":181},"filename2",[63,141829,307],{"class":73},[63,141831,140885],{"class":181},[63,141833,74],{"class":73},[63,141835,127156],{"class":181},[63,141837,4964],{"class":73},[63,141839,3259],{"class":1357},[63,141841,141842,141844,141846,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857,141859],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,141843,70],{"class":69},[63,141845,74],{"class":73},[63,141847,141848],{"class":181},"filename3",[63,141850,307],{"class":73},[63,141852,140885],{"class":181},[63,141854,74],{"class":73},[63,141856,127156],{"class":181},[63,141858,4964],{"class":73},[63,141860,4373],{"class":1357},[20,141862,141863],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141865,74390,141866,141870],{},[303,141867,125809,141868,10352],{"href":129403},[15,141869,125867],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[49,141872,123456],{"id":123455},[20,141874,141875,123267],{},[15,141876,127177],{},[20,141878,126854,141879,3993,141882,126861],{},[15,141880,141881],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141883,141884],{},"\"python\"",[54,141886,141888],{"className":56,"code":141887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141889,141890,141902,141906,141930],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141891,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141893,1370],{"class":382},[63,141895,386],{"class":270},[63,141897,1375],{"class":448},[63,141899,6902],{"class":452},[63,141901,1381],{"class":448},[63,141903,141904],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141905,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,141907,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,141909,70],{"class":69},[63,141911,74],{"class":73},[63,141913,1396],{"class":181},[63,141915,307],{"class":73},[63,141917,140885],{"class":181},[63,141919,74],{"class":73},[63,141921,2455],{"class":448},[63,141923,140996],{"class":452},[63,141925,2455],{"class":448},[63,141927,4964],{"class":73},[63,141929,3259],{"class":1357},[63,141931,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,141933,70],{"class":69},[63,141935,74],{"class":73},[63,141937,1396],{"class":181},[63,141939,307],{"class":73},[63,141941,140885],{"class":181},[63,141943,74],{"class":73},[63,141945,2455],{"class":448},[63,141947,128255],{"class":452},[63,141949,2455],{"class":448},[63,141951,4964],{"class":73},[63,141953,4373],{"class":1357},[20,141955,126946,141956,307],{},[303,141957,141958],{"href":123536},[15,141959,123539],{},[54,141961,141963],{"className":56,"code":141962,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141964,141965,141977,141981],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141966,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141968,1370],{"class":382},[63,141970,386],{"class":270},[63,141972,1375],{"class":448},[63,141974,6902],{"class":452},[63,141976,1381],{"class":448},[63,141978,141979],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,141980,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,141982,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,141984,70],{"class":69},[63,141986,74],{"class":73},[63,141988,1396],{"class":181},[63,141990,307],{"class":73},[63,141992,8249],{"class":181},[63,141994,8246],{"class":73},[63,141996,140885],{"class":181},[63,141998,74],{"class":73},[63,142000,2455],{"class":448},[63,142002,128255],{"class":452},[63,142004,2455],{"class":448},[63,142006,4964],{"class":73},[63,142008,3259],{"class":1357},[49,142010,1114,142012],{"id":142011},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142013,127177],{},[20,142015,142016,142018],{},[15,142017,127177],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142020,8984],{},[30,142022,142023,142026,142029,142038],{},[33,142024,142025],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142027,142028],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142030,142031,142032,632,142035],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142033,142034],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142036,142037],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142039,142040],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142042,1820],{},[54,142044,142046],{"className":56,"code":142045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142047,142048,142061,142065,142094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142049,142050,142052,142054,142056,142059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142051,126672],{"class":382},[63,142053,386],{"class":270},[63,142055,1375],{"class":448},[63,142057,142058],{"class":452},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[63,142060,1381],{"class":448},[63,142062,142063],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142064,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,142066,142067,142069,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,142068,6602],{"class":3473},[63,142070,142071],{"class":382}," url",[63,142073,307],{"class":73},[63,142075,140885],{"class":181},[63,142077,5112],{"class":73},[63,142079,2455],{"class":448},[63,142081,142034],{"class":452},[63,142083,2455],{"class":448},[63,142085,102],{"class":73},[63,142087,1375],{"class":448},[63,142089,142037],{"class":452},[63,142091,2455],{"class":448},[63,142093,69181],{"class":73},[63,142095,142096,142098,142100,142102,142105,142107],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,142097,7677],{"class":69},[63,142099,74],{"class":73},[63,142101,2455],{"class":448},[63,142103,142104],{"class":452},"This looks like a web URL.",[63,142106,2455],{"class":448},[63,142108,397],{"class":73},[49,142110,1186],{"id":1185},[20,142112,1189,142113,307],{},[15,142114,127177],{},[1193,142116,138249],{"id":142117},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142119,142120,123267],{},[15,142121,127177],{},[54,142123,142125],{"className":56,"code":142124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142126,142127,142139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142128,142129,142131,142133,142135,142137],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142130,1370],{"class":382},[63,142132,386],{"class":270},[63,142134,1375],{"class":448},[63,142136,6902],{"class":452},[63,142138,1381],{"class":448},[63,142140,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142142,70],{"class":69},[63,142144,74],{"class":73},[63,142146,1396],{"class":181},[63,142148,307],{"class":73},[63,142150,140885],{"class":181},[63,142152,74],{"class":73},[63,142154,2455],{"class":448},[63,142156,58],{"class":452},[63,142158,2455],{"class":448},[63,142160,4964],{"class":73},[63,142162,4373],{"class":1357},[20,142164,38888],{},[54,142166,142168],{"className":56,"code":142167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142169,142170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142171,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184,142186,142188,142190,142192,142194,142196],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142173,70],{"class":69},[63,142175,74],{"class":73},[63,142177,1396],{"class":181},[63,142179,307],{"class":73},[63,142181,8249],{"class":181},[63,142183,8246],{"class":73},[63,142185,140885],{"class":181},[63,142187,74],{"class":73},[63,142189,2455],{"class":448},[63,142191,58],{"class":452},[63,142193,2455],{"class":448},[63,142195,4964],{"class":73},[63,142197,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,142199,29270,142201,136731],{"id":142200},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142202,127177],{},[20,142204,142205],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[54,142207,142209],{"className":56,"code":142208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142210,142211,142219,142223,142228],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142212,142213,142215,142217],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142214,984],{"class":382},[63,142216,386],{"class":270},[63,142218,124491],{"class":82},[63,142220,142221],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142222,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,142224,142225],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,142226,142227],{"class":1357},"# This will cause an error:\n",[63,142229,142230],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,142231,142232],{"class":1357},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142234,38888],{},[54,142236,142238],{"className":56,"code":142237,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142239,142240,142254],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142241,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142243,984],{"class":382},[63,142245,386],{"class":270},[63,142247,48519],{"class":417},[63,142249,74],{"class":73},[63,142251,49861],{"class":82},[63,142253,397],{"class":73},[63,142255,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142257,70],{"class":69},[63,142259,74],{"class":73},[63,142261,1002],{"class":181},[63,142263,307],{"class":73},[63,142265,140885],{"class":181},[63,142267,74],{"class":73},[63,142269,2455],{"class":448},[63,142271,674],{"class":452},[63,142273,2455],{"class":448},[63,142275,4964],{"class":73},[63,142277,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,142279,36829,142281,8314,142283],{"id":142280},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142282,127177],{},[15,142284,3480],{},[20,142286,142287,142289],{},[15,142288,127177],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142291,142292,142293,142295,142296,307],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142294,3480],{}," or methods like ",[303,142297,142298],{"href":123819},[15,142299,123804],{},[54,142301,142303],{"className":56,"code":142302,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142304,142305,142317,142321,142345],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142306,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142308,1370],{"class":382},[63,142310,386],{"class":270},[63,142312,1375],{"class":448},[63,142314,60025],{"class":452},[63,142316,1381],{"class":448},[63,142318,142319],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142320,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,142322,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,142324,70],{"class":69},[63,142326,74],{"class":73},[63,142328,1396],{"class":181},[63,142330,307],{"class":73},[63,142332,140885],{"class":181},[63,142334,74],{"class":73},[63,142336,2455],{"class":448},[63,142338,60210],{"class":452},[63,142340,2455],{"class":448},[63,142342,4964],{"class":73},[63,142344,4373],{"class":1357},[63,142346,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,142348,70],{"class":69},[63,142350,74],{"class":73},[63,142352,2455],{"class":448},[63,142354,60210],{"class":452},[63,142356,2455],{"class":448},[63,142358,20793],{"class":3473},[63,142360,42458],{"class":181},[63,142362,3256],{"class":73},[63,142364,142365],{"class":1357},"           # True\n",[20,142367,135283,142368,307],{},[303,142369,126845],{"href":123064},[1193,142371,4305,142373,3993,142375,142377],{"id":142372},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142374,35696],{},[15,142376,52277],{}," use index positions",[20,142379,142380,142381,307],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142382,1734],{},[54,142384,142386],{"className":56,"code":142385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142387,142388,142401,142405],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142389,142390,142392,142394,142396,142399],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142391,1370],{"class":382},[63,142393,386],{"class":270},[63,142395,1375],{"class":448},[63,142397,142398],{"class":452},"abcdef",[63,142400,1381],{"class":448},[63,142402,142403],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142404,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,142406,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,142408,70],{"class":69},[63,142410,74],{"class":73},[63,142412,1396],{"class":181},[63,142414,307],{"class":73},[63,142416,140885],{"class":181},[63,142418,74],{"class":73},[63,142420,2455],{"class":448},[63,142422,142423],{"class":452},"cd",[63,142425,2455],{"class":448},[63,142427,102],{"class":73},[63,142429,105],{"class":82},[63,142431,4964],{"class":73},[63,142433,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,142435,142437],{"id":142436},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142439,142440],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142442,16262],{},[54,142444,142446],{"className":56,"code":142445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142447,142448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142449,142450],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142451,142445],{"class":1357},[20,142453,16274],{},[54,142455,142457],{"className":56,"code":142456,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142458,142459,142471],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142460,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142462,1370],{"class":382},[63,142464,386],{"class":270},[63,142466,1375],{"class":448},[63,142468,6902],{"class":452},[63,142470,1381],{"class":448},[63,142472,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495,142498,142500,142502],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142474,70],{"class":69},[63,142476,74],{"class":73},[63,142478,1396],{"class":181},[63,142480,307],{"class":73},[63,142482,140885],{"class":181},[63,142484,5112],{"class":73},[63,142486,2455],{"class":448},[63,142488,140996],{"class":452},[63,142490,2455],{"class":448},[63,142492,102],{"class":73},[63,142494,1375],{"class":448},[63,142496,142497],{"class":452},"Ja",[63,142499,2455],{"class":448},[63,142501,50707],{"class":73},[63,142503,3259],{"class":1357},[20,142505,31704],{},[54,142507,142509],{"className":56,"code":142508,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142510,142511,142521,142535,142557,142583],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142512,142513,142515,142517,142519],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142514,70],{"class":69},[63,142516,74],{"class":73},[63,142518,1396],{"class":181},[63,142520,397],{"class":73},[63,142522,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142524,70],{"class":69},[63,142526,74],{"class":73},[63,142528,418],{"class":417},[63,142530,74],{"class":73},[63,142532,1396],{"class":181},[63,142534,86],{"class":73},[63,142536,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,142538,70],{"class":69},[63,142540,74],{"class":73},[63,142542,1396],{"class":181},[63,142544,307],{"class":73},[63,142546,140885],{"class":181},[63,142548,74],{"class":73},[63,142550,2455],{"class":448},[63,142552,140996],{"class":452},[63,142554,2455],{"class":448},[63,142556,86],{"class":73},[63,142558,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579,142581],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,142560,70],{"class":69},[63,142562,74],{"class":73},[63,142564,1396],{"class":181},[63,142566,307],{"class":73},[63,142568,8249],{"class":181},[63,142570,8246],{"class":73},[63,142572,140885],{"class":181},[63,142574,74],{"class":73},[63,142576,2455],{"class":448},[63,142578,128255],{"class":452},[63,142580,2455],{"class":448},[63,142582,86],{"class":73},[63,142584,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,142586,70],{"class":69},[63,142588,74],{"class":73},[63,142590,1396],{"class":181},[63,142592,307],{"class":73},[63,142594,140885],{"class":181},[63,142596,5112],{"class":73},[63,142598,2455],{"class":448},[63,142600,140996],{"class":452},[63,142602,2455],{"class":448},[63,142604,102],{"class":73},[63,142606,1375],{"class":448},[63,142608,142497],{"class":452},[63,142610,2455],{"class":448},[63,142612,2510],{"class":73},[49,142614,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,142616,1459,142618,127655],{"id":142617},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142619,127177],{},[20,142621,142622,142623,632,142625,307],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142624,3196],{},[15,142626,3269],{},[1193,142628,1482,142630,142632],{"id":142629},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142631,127177],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142634,142635],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[54,142637,142639],{"className":56,"code":142638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142640,142641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142642,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142644,1396],{"class":382},[63,142646,307],{"class":73},[63,142648,140885],{"class":181},[63,142650,5112],{"class":73},[63,142652,2455],{"class":448},[63,142654,303],{"class":452},[63,142656,2455],{"class":448},[63,142658,102],{"class":73},[63,142660,1375],{"class":448},[63,142662,4362],{"class":452},[63,142664,2455],{"class":448},[63,142666,86],{"class":73},[1193,142668,14521,142670,124145],{"id":142669},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142671,127177],{},[20,142673,129338],{},[1193,142675,4781,142677,3993,142679,1506],{"id":142676},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142678,127177],{},[15,142680,3480],{},[20,142682,142683,142685,142686,142688],{},[15,142684,127177],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142687,3480],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1193,142690,1499,142692,3993,142694,8314,142696,1506],{"id":142691},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142693,35696],{},[15,142695,52277],{},[15,142697,127177],{},[20,142699,142700],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[49,142702,1517],{"id":1516},[30,142704,142705,142711,142717,142723,142727],{},[33,142706,142707],{},[303,142708,125809,142709,10352],{"href":129403},[15,142710,125867],{},[33,142712,142713],{},[303,142714,125809,142715,10352],{"href":123819},[15,142716,123804],{},[33,142718,142719],{},[303,142720,125809,142721,10352],{"href":123536},[15,142722,123539],{},[33,142724,142725],{},[303,142726,124208],{"href":123064},[33,142728,142729],{},[303,142730,124564],{"href":50591},[1542,142732,142733],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":141210,"depth":89,"text":141211,"children":142740},[142741,142742,142743,142744],{"id":141048,"depth":254,"text":141048},{"id":35696,"depth":254,"text":35696},{"id":52277,"depth":254,"text":52277},{"id":141377,"depth":254,"text":141378},{"id":17036,"depth":89,"text":17037},{"id":141555,"depth":89,"text":142747},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141709,"depth":89,"text":141710},{"id":123455,"depth":89,"text":123456},{"id":142011,"depth":89,"text":142751},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":142753},[142754,142755,142757,142759,142761],{"id":142117,"depth":254,"text":138249},{"id":142200,"depth":254,"text":142756},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142280,"depth":254,"text":142758},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142372,"depth":254,"text":142760},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142436,"depth":254,"text":142437},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":142763},[142764,142766,142768,142770,142772],{"id":142617,"depth":254,"text":142765},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142629,"depth":254,"text":142767},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142669,"depth":254,"text":142769},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142676,"depth":254,"text":142771},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142691,"depth":254,"text":142773},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140831,"description":142775},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142782,"title":142783,"body":142784,"description":144238,"extension":1580,"meta":144239,"navigation":579,"path":144240,"seo":144241,"stem":144242,"__hash__":144243},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142785,"toc":144208},[142786,142791,142796,142799,142801,142845,142847,142855,142860,142865,142870,142872,142890,142892,142938,142940,142954,142963,142967,142969,142971,142983,142988,142991,143023,143025,143034,143039,143042,143083,143085,143093,143095,143108,143114,143118,143121,143137,143139,143188,143190,143199,143202,143261,143263,143272,143279,143282,143335,143337,143361,143368,143374,143378,143384,143387,143398,143400,143440,143442,143450,143452,143492,143494,143503,143505,143523,143526,143533,143544,143547,143564,143566,143643,143645,143676,143679,143681,143684,143710,143712,143752,143754,143763,143773,143781,143789,143794,143799,143801,143815,143817,143868,143870,143879,143889,143891,143893,143915,143918,143997,143999,144035,144038,144113,144118,144120,144126,144131,144136,144139,144145,144148,144155,144163,144167,144175,144177,144205],[10,142787,122809,142789,10935],{"id":142788},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142790,41270],{},[20,142792,31939,142793,142795],{},[15,142794,41270],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142797,142798],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[49,142800,3201],{"id":3200},[54,142802,142804],{"className":56,"code":142803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142805,142806,142819,142834],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142807,142808,142810,142812,142814,142817],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142809,1370],{"class":382},[63,142811,386],{"class":270},[63,142813,1375],{"class":448},[63,142815,142816],{"class":452},"  hello  ",[63,142818,1381],{"class":448},[63,142820,142821,142824,142826,142828,142830,142832],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142822,142823],{"class":382},"clean_text ",[63,142825,386],{"class":270},[63,142827,42458],{"class":382},[63,142829,307],{"class":73},[63,142831,8243],{"class":181},[63,142833,8252],{"class":73},[63,142835,142836,142838,142840,142843],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,142837,70],{"class":69},[63,142839,74],{"class":73},[63,142841,142842],{"class":181},"clean_text",[63,142844,397],{"class":73},[20,142846,110],{},[54,142848,142849],{"className":56,"code":138124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,142850,142851],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142852,142853],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142854,138124],{"class":382},[20,142856,128,142857,142859],{},[15,142858,41270],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[49,142861,138,142863,141],{"id":142862},"what-strip-does",[15,142864,41270],{},[20,142866,142867,142869],{},[15,142868,41270],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142871,12668],{},[30,142873,142874,142878,142881,142884,142887],{},[33,142875,142876,131159],{},[15,142877,41270],{},[33,142879,142880],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,142882,142883],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,142885,142886],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,142888,142889],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142891,1820],{},[54,142893,142895],{"className":56,"code":142894,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142896,142897,142910,142914,142928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142898,142899,142901,142903,142905,142908],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142900,1370],{"class":382},[63,142902,386],{"class":270},[63,142904,1375],{"class":448},[63,142906,142907],{"class":452},"  hello world  ",[63,142909,1381],{"class":448},[63,142911,142912],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142913,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,142915,142916,142918,142920,142922,142924,142926],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,142917,70],{"class":69},[63,142919,74],{"class":73},[63,142921,1396],{"class":181},[63,142923,307],{"class":73},[63,142925,8243],{"class":181},[63,142927,6799],{"class":73},[63,142929,142930,142932,142934,142936],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,142931,70],{"class":69},[63,142933,74],{"class":73},[63,142935,1396],{"class":181},[63,142937,397],{"class":73},[20,142939,110],{},[54,142941,142943],{"className":56,"code":142942,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142944,142945,142949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142946,142947],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142948,133825],{"class":382},[63,142950,142951],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,142952,142953],{"class":382},"  hello world\n",[20,142955,142956,142957,142959,142960,142962],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142958,41270],{},", but the original ",[15,142961,1396],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142964,124561,142965,307],{},[303,142966,124564],{"href":50591},[49,142968,164],{"id":163},[20,142970,26107],{},[30,142972,142973,142978],{},[33,142974,142975],{},[15,142976,142977],{},"string.strip()",[33,142979,142980],{},[15,142981,142982],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1193,142984,142986],{"id":142985},"stringstrip",[15,142987,142977],{},[20,142989,142990],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[54,142992,142994],{"className":56,"code":142993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142995,142996,143009],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142997,142998,143000,143002,143004,143007],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142999,7484],{"class":382},[63,143001,386],{"class":270},[63,143003,1375],{"class":448},[63,143005,143006],{"class":452},"  Alice  ",[63,143008,1381],{"class":448},[63,143010,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143012,70],{"class":69},[63,143014,74],{"class":73},[63,143016,7274],{"class":181},[63,143018,307],{"class":73},[63,143020,8243],{"class":181},[63,143022,6799],{"class":73},[20,143024,110],{},[54,143026,143028],{"className":56,"code":143027,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Alice\n",[15,143029,143030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143031,143032],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143033,143027],{"class":382},[1193,143035,143037],{"id":143036},"stringstripchars",[15,143038,142982],{},[20,143040,143041],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[54,143043,143045],{"className":56,"code":143044,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143046,143047,143060],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143048,143049,143051,143053,143055,143058],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143050,1370],{"class":382},[63,143052,386],{"class":270},[63,143054,1375],{"class":448},[63,143056,143057],{"class":452},"!!hello??",[63,143059,1381],{"class":448},[63,143061,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074,143076,143079,143081],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143063,70],{"class":69},[63,143065,74],{"class":73},[63,143067,1396],{"class":181},[63,143069,307],{"class":73},[63,143071,8243],{"class":181},[63,143073,74],{"class":73},[63,143075,2455],{"class":448},[63,143077,143078],{"class":452},"!?",[63,143080,2455],{"class":448},[63,143082,86],{"class":73},[20,143084,110],{},[54,143086,143087],{"className":56,"code":138124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,143088,143089],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143090,143091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143092,138124],{"class":382},[20,143094,83439],{},[30,143096,143097,143102],{},[33,143098,143099,143101],{},[15,143100,134068],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143103,143104,143105,143107],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143106,134068],{}," does not matter",[49,143109,143111,143112],{"id":143110},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143113,41270],{},[20,143115,30506,143116,307],{},[15,143117,41270],{},[20,143119,143120],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143122,143123,143128,143131,143134],{},[33,143124,143125,143126,3483],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143127,2555],{},[33,143129,143130],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143132,143133],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143135,143136],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143138,47977],{},[54,143140,143142],{"className":56,"code":143141,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143143,143144,143157,143173,143177],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143145,143146,143148,143150,143152,143155],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143147,7569],{"class":382},[63,143149,386],{"class":270},[63,143151,1375],{"class":448},[63,143153,143154],{"class":452},"  sam  ",[63,143156,1381],{"class":448},[63,143158,143159,143162,143164,143167,143169,143171],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143160,143161],{"class":382},"clean_username ",[63,143163,386],{"class":270},[63,143165,143166],{"class":382}," username",[63,143168,307],{"class":73},[63,143170,8243],{"class":181},[63,143172,8252],{"class":73},[63,143174,143175],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,143176,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,143178,143179,143181,143183,143186],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,143180,70],{"class":69},[63,143182,74],{"class":73},[63,143184,143185],{"class":181},"clean_username",[63,143187,397],{"class":73},[20,143189,110],{},[54,143191,143193],{"className":56,"code":143192,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sam\n",[15,143194,143195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143196,143197],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143198,143192],{"class":382},[20,143200,143201],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[54,143203,143205],{"className":56,"code":143204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143206,143207,143220,143224,143246],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143208,143209,143211,143213,143215,143218],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143210,136052],{"class":382},[63,143212,386],{"class":270},[63,143214,1375],{"class":448},[63,143216,143217],{"class":452}," yes  ",[63,143219,1381],{"class":448},[63,143221,143222],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143223,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,143225,143226,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,143227,6602],{"class":3473},[63,143229,136072],{"class":382},[63,143231,307],{"class":73},[63,143233,8243],{"class":181},[63,143235,6971],{"class":73},[63,143237,6011],{"class":270},[63,143239,1375],{"class":448},[63,143241,8267],{"class":452},[63,143243,2455],{"class":448},[63,143245,5996],{"class":73},[63,143247,143248,143250,143252,143254,143257,143259],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,143249,7677],{"class":69},[63,143251,74],{"class":73},[63,143253,2455],{"class":448},[63,143255,143256],{"class":452},"Matched",[63,143258,2455],{"class":448},[63,143260,397],{"class":73},[20,143262,110],{},[54,143264,143266],{"className":56,"code":143265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Matched\n",[15,143267,143268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143269,143270],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143271,143265],{"class":382},[20,143273,143274,143275,307],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[303,143276,143278],{"href":143277},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143280,143281],{},"Example with file-style text:",[54,143283,143285],{"className":56,"code":143284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143286,143287,143303,143317],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143288,143289,143292,143294,143296,143299,143301],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143290,143291],{"class":382},"line ",[63,143293,386],{"class":270},[63,143295,1375],{"class":448},[63,143297,143298],{"class":452},"Python basics",[63,143300,86771],{"class":34076},[63,143302,1381],{"class":448},[63,143304,143305,143307,143309,143311,143313,143315],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143306,70],{"class":69},[63,143308,74],{"class":73},[63,143310,41396],{"class":69},[63,143312,74],{"class":73},[63,143314,65],{"class":181},[63,143316,86],{"class":73},[63,143318,143319,143321,143323,143325,143327,143329,143331,143333],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,143320,70],{"class":69},[63,143322,74],{"class":73},[63,143324,41396],{"class":69},[63,143326,74],{"class":73},[63,143328,65],{"class":181},[63,143330,307],{"class":73},[63,143332,8243],{"class":181},[63,143334,5893],{"class":73},[20,143336,110],{},[54,143338,143340],{"className":56,"code":143339,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143341,143342,143353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143343,143344,143346,143348,143351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143345,456],{"class":42945},[63,143347,143298],{"class":42949},[63,143349,86771],{"class":143350},"sfi6f",[63,143352,29320],{"class":42945},[63,143354,143355,143357,143359],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143356,456],{"class":42945},[63,143358,143298],{"class":42949},[63,143360,29320],{"class":42945},[20,143362,311,143363,143365,143366,307],{},[15,143364,122023],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143367,86771],{},[20,143369,143370,143371,307],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[303,143372,143373],{"href":87424},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[49,143375,143377],{"id":143376},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143379,143380,143381,307],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143382,143383],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143385,143386],{},"Python will:",[30,143388,143389,143392,143395],{},[33,143390,143391],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143393,143394],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143396,143397],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143399,1820],{},[54,143401,143403],{"className":56,"code":143402,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143404,143405,143418],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143406,143407,143409,143411,143413,143416],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143408,1370],{"class":382},[63,143410,386],{"class":270},[63,143412,1375],{"class":448},[63,143414,143415],{"class":452},"??hello!!",[63,143417,1381],{"class":448},[63,143419,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143430,143432,143434,143436,143438],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143421,70],{"class":69},[63,143423,74],{"class":73},[63,143425,1396],{"class":181},[63,143427,307],{"class":73},[63,143429,8243],{"class":181},[63,143431,74],{"class":73},[63,143433,2455],{"class":448},[63,143435,143078],{"class":452},[63,143437,2455],{"class":448},[63,143439,86],{"class":73},[20,143441,110],{},[54,143443,143444],{"className":56,"code":138124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,143445,143446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143447,143448],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143449,138124],{"class":382},[20,143451,51696],{},[54,143453,143455],{"className":56,"code":143454,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143456,143457,143470],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143458,143459,143461,143463,143465,143468],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143460,1370],{"class":382},[63,143462,386],{"class":270},[63,143464,1375],{"class":448},[63,143466,143467],{"class":452},"abcHelloCba",[63,143469,1381],{"class":448},[63,143471,143472,143474,143476,143478,143480,143482,143484,143486,143488,143490],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143473,70],{"class":69},[63,143475,74],{"class":73},[63,143477,1396],{"class":181},[63,143479,307],{"class":73},[63,143481,8243],{"class":181},[63,143483,74],{"class":73},[63,143485,2455],{"class":448},[63,143487,41177],{"class":452},[63,143489,2455],{"class":448},[63,143491,86],{"class":73},[20,143493,110],{},[54,143495,143497],{"className":56,"code":143496,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HelloC\n",[15,143498,143499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143500,143501],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143502,143496],{"class":382},[20,143504,5838],{},[20,143506,143507,13671,143510,143512,143513,143515,143516,1801,143518,1805,143520,143522],{},[15,143508,143509],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[833,143511,973],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143514,41177],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143517,303],{},[15,143519,4362],{},[15,143521,9350],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143524,143525],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143527,143528,143529,6235],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[303,143530,143531],{"href":129390},[15,143532,123980],{},[49,143534,143536,10197,143538,10197,143541],{"id":143535},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143537,41270],{},[15,143539,143540],{},"lstrip()",[15,143542,143543],{},"rstrip()",[20,143545,143546],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,143548,143549,143554,143559],{},[33,143550,143551,143553],{},[15,143552,41270],{}," removes from both ends",[33,143555,143556,143558],{},[15,143557,143540],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,143560,143561,143563],{},[15,143562,143543],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143565,1820],{},[54,143567,143569],{"className":56,"code":143568,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143570,143571,143583,143587,143605,143624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143572,143573,143575,143577,143579,143581],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143574,1370],{"class":382},[63,143576,386],{"class":270},[63,143578,1375],{"class":448},[63,143580,142816],{"class":452},[63,143582,1381],{"class":448},[63,143584,143585],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143586,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,143588,143589,143591,143593,143595,143597,143599,143601,143603],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,143590,70],{"class":69},[63,143592,74],{"class":73},[63,143594,41396],{"class":69},[63,143596,74],{"class":73},[63,143598,1396],{"class":181},[63,143600,307],{"class":73},[63,143602,8243],{"class":181},[63,143604,5893],{"class":73},[63,143606,143607,143609,143611,143613,143615,143617,143619,143622],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,143608,70],{"class":69},[63,143610,74],{"class":73},[63,143612,41396],{"class":69},[63,143614,74],{"class":73},[63,143616,1396],{"class":181},[63,143618,307],{"class":73},[63,143620,143621],{"class":181},"lstrip",[63,143623,5893],{"class":73},[63,143625,143626,143628,143630,143632,143634,143636,143638,143641],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,143627,70],{"class":69},[63,143629,74],{"class":73},[63,143631,41396],{"class":69},[63,143633,74],{"class":73},[63,143635,1396],{"class":181},[63,143637,307],{"class":73},[63,143639,143640],{"class":181},"rstrip",[63,143642,5893],{"class":73},[20,143644,110],{},[54,143646,143648],{"className":56,"code":143647,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143649,143650,143658,143667],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143651,143652,143654,143656],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143653,456],{"class":42945},[63,143655,3441],{"class":42949},[63,143657,29320],{"class":42945},[63,143659,143660,143662,143665],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143661,456],{"class":42945},[63,143663,143664],{"class":42949},"hello  ",[63,143666,29320],{"class":42945},[63,143668,143669,143671,143674],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,143670,456],{"class":42945},[63,143672,143673],{"class":42949},"  hello",[63,143675,29320],{"class":42945},[20,143677,143678],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[49,143680,107817],{"id":107816},[20,143682,143683],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,143685,143686,143694,143704,143707],{},[33,143687,143688,143690,143691,143693],{},[15,143689,143509],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143692,41146],{}," once",[33,143695,143696,143697,1801,143699,1805,143701,143703],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143698,303],{},[15,143700,4362],{},[15,143702,9350],{}," from both ends",[33,143705,143706],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,143708,143709],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143711,1820],{},[54,143713,143715],{"className":56,"code":143714,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143716,143717,143730],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143718,143719,143721,143723,143725,143728],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143720,125892],{"class":382},[63,143722,386],{"class":270},[63,143724,1375],{"class":448},[63,143726,143727],{"class":452},"txt_report.txt",[63,143729,1381],{"class":448},[63,143731,143732,143734,143736,143738,143740,143742,143744,143746,143748,143750],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143733,70],{"class":69},[63,143735,74],{"class":73},[63,143737,125910],{"class":181},[63,143739,307],{"class":73},[63,143741,8243],{"class":181},[63,143743,74],{"class":73},[63,143745,2455],{"class":448},[63,143747,125945],{"class":452},[63,143749,2455],{"class":448},[63,143751,86],{"class":73},[20,143753,110],{},[54,143755,143757],{"className":56,"code":143756,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"_report\n",[15,143758,143759],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143760,143761],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143762,143756],{"class":382},[20,143764,143765,143766,1801,143768,1805,143770,143772],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143767,307],{},[15,143769,62906],{},[15,143771,1786],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143774,53270,143775,4385,143778,143780],{},[15,143776,143777],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[833,143779,973],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143782,143783,143784,143788],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[303,143785,143786],{"href":129390},[15,143787,123980],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[49,143790,1114,143792],{"id":143791},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143793,41270],{},[20,143795,128,143796,143798],{},[15,143797,41270],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143800,36050],{},[30,143802,143803,143807,143809,143812],{},[33,143804,143125,143805,3483],{},[15,143806,2555],{},[33,143808,143130],{},[33,143810,143811],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,143813,143814],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143816,1820],{},[54,143818,143820],{"className":56,"code":143819,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143821,143822,143836,143840,143853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143823,143824,143827,143829,143831,143834],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143825,143826],{"class":382},"email ",[63,143828,386],{"class":270},[63,143830,1375],{"class":448},[63,143832,143833],{"class":452},"  user@example.com  ",[63,143835,1381],{"class":448},[63,143837,143838],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143839,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,143841,143842,143844,143847,143849,143851],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,143843,6602],{"class":3473},[63,143845,143846],{"class":382}," email",[63,143848,307],{"class":73},[63,143850,8243],{"class":181},[63,143852,21215],{"class":73},[63,143854,143855,143857,143859,143861,143864,143866],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,143856,7677],{"class":69},[63,143858,74],{"class":73},[63,143860,2455],{"class":448},[63,143862,143863],{"class":452},"Email was entered",[63,143865,2455],{"class":448},[63,143867,397],{"class":73},[20,143869,110],{},[54,143871,143873],{"className":56,"code":143872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Email was entered\n",[15,143874,143875],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143876,143877],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143878,143872],{"class":382},[20,143880,143881,143882,143884,143885,307],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143883,41270],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[303,143886,143887],{"href":123536},[15,143888,123539],{},[49,143890,1186],{"id":1185},[20,143892,83858],{},[30,143894,143895,143899,143904,143909],{},[33,143896,1196,143897,131029],{},[15,143898,41270],{},[33,143900,1196,143901,143903],{},[15,143902,41270],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,143905,311,143906,143908],{},[15,143907,143777],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,143910,4305,143911,143914],{},[15,143912,143913],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143916,143917],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[54,143919,143921],{"className":56,"code":143920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143922,143923,143937,143941,143951,143965,143979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143924,143925,143927,143929,143931,143933,143935],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143926,1370],{"class":382},[63,143928,386],{"class":270},[63,143930,1375],{"class":448},[63,143932,143673],{"class":452},[63,143934,86771],{"class":34076},[63,143936,1381],{"class":448},[63,143938,143939],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,143940,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,143942,143943,143945,143947,143949],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,143944,70],{"class":69},[63,143946,74],{"class":73},[63,143948,1396],{"class":181},[63,143950,397],{"class":73},[63,143952,143953,143955,143957,143959,143961,143963],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,143954,70],{"class":69},[63,143956,74],{"class":73},[63,143958,41396],{"class":69},[63,143960,74],{"class":73},[63,143962,1396],{"class":181},[63,143964,86],{"class":73},[63,143966,143967,143969,143971,143973,143975,143977],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,143968,70],{"class":69},[63,143970,74],{"class":73},[63,143972,1396],{"class":181},[63,143974,307],{"class":73},[63,143976,8243],{"class":181},[63,143978,6799],{"class":73},[63,143980,143981,143983,143985,143987,143989,143991,143993,143995],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,143982,70],{"class":69},[63,143984,74],{"class":73},[63,143986,41396],{"class":69},[63,143988,74],{"class":73},[63,143990,1396],{"class":181},[63,143992,307],{"class":73},[63,143994,8243],{"class":181},[63,143996,5893],{"class":73},[20,143998,110],{},[54,144000,144002],{"className":56,"code":144001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144003,144004,144009,144013,144023,144027],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144005,144006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144007,144008],{"class":382},"  hello\n",[63,144010,144011],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144012,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,144014,144015,144017,144019,144021],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144016,456],{"class":42945},[63,144018,143673],{"class":42949},[63,144020,86771],{"class":143350},[63,144022,29320],{"class":42945},[63,144024,144025],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,144026,138124],{"class":382},[63,144028,144029,144031,144033],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,144030,456],{"class":42945},[63,144032,3441],{"class":42949},[63,144034,29320],{"class":42945},[20,144036,144037],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[54,144039,144041],{"className":56,"code":144040,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144042,144043,144053,144067,144081,144099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144044,144045,144047,144049,144051],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144046,70],{"class":69},[63,144048,74],{"class":73},[63,144050,1396],{"class":181},[63,144052,397],{"class":73},[63,144054,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144056,70],{"class":69},[63,144058,74],{"class":73},[63,144060,41396],{"class":69},[63,144062,74],{"class":73},[63,144064,1396],{"class":181},[63,144066,86],{"class":73},[63,144068,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077,144079],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144070,70],{"class":69},[63,144072,74],{"class":73},[63,144074,1396],{"class":181},[63,144076,307],{"class":73},[63,144078,8243],{"class":181},[63,144080,6799],{"class":73},[63,144082,144083,144085,144087,144089,144091,144093,144095,144097],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,144084,70],{"class":69},[63,144086,74],{"class":73},[63,144088,41396],{"class":69},[63,144090,74],{"class":73},[63,144092,1396],{"class":181},[63,144094,307],{"class":73},[63,144096,8243],{"class":181},[63,144098,5893],{"class":73},[63,144100,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109,144111],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,144102,31774],{"class":69},[63,144104,74],{"class":73},[63,144106,3037],{"class":417},[63,144108,307],{"class":73},[63,144110,8243],{"class":24370},[63,144112,397],{"class":73},[20,144114,144115,144117],{},[15,144116,122023],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[49,144119,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,144121,1459,144123,144125],{"id":144122},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144124,41270],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144127,45983,144128,144130],{},[15,144129,41270],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1193,144132,1459,144134,124136],{"id":144133},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144135,41270],{},[20,144137,144138],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1193,144140,4744,144142,144144],{"id":144141},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144143,41270],{}," remove by default?",[20,144146,144147],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1193,144149,33828,144151,33831,144153,1506],{"id":144150},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144152,41270],{},[15,144154,123980],{},[20,144156,144157,144159,144160,144162],{},[15,144158,41270],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144161,123980],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1193,144164,144166],{"id":144165},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144168,127682,144169,144171,144172,144174],{},[15,144170,143540],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144173,143543],{}," for the right side.",[49,144176,1517],{"id":1516},[30,144178,144179,144185,144191,144196,144201],{},[33,144180,144181],{},[303,144182,125809,144183,10352],{"href":123536},[15,144184,123539],{},[33,144186,144187],{},[303,144188,125809,144189,10352],{"href":129390},[15,144190,123980],{},[33,144192,144193],{},[303,144194,144195],{"href":143277},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144197,144198],{},[303,144199,144200],{"href":87424},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144202,144203],{},[303,144204,124564],{"href":50591},[1542,144206,144207],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":144209},[144210,144211,144213,144217,144219,144220,144222,144223,144225,144226,144237],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":142862,"depth":89,"text":144212},"What strip() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":144214},[144215,144216],{"id":142985,"depth":254,"text":142977},{"id":143036,"depth":254,"text":142982},{"id":143110,"depth":89,"text":144218},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143376,"depth":89,"text":143377},{"id":143535,"depth":89,"text":144221},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107816,"depth":89,"text":107817},{"id":143791,"depth":89,"text":144224},"When to use strip()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":144227},[144228,144230,144232,144234,144236],{"id":144122,"depth":254,"text":144229},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144133,"depth":254,"text":144231},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144141,"depth":254,"text":144233},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144150,"depth":254,"text":144235},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144165,"depth":254,"text":144166},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142783,"description":144238},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144245,"title":144246,"body":144247,"description":145427,"extension":1580,"meta":145428,"navigation":579,"path":145429,"seo":145430,"stem":145431,"__hash__":145432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144248,"toc":145397},[144249,144254,144259,144264,144266,144312,144320,144325,144339,144345,144347,144349,144364,144366,144376,144379,144410,144413,144436,144438,144441,144498,144500,144514,144516,144530,144536,144541,144544,144585,144587,144596,144604,144607,144652,144654,144663,144666,144670,144675,144689,144691,144723,144725,144745,144748,144753,144758,144760,144771,144774,144831,144833,144841,144850,144852,144854,144860,144862,144899,144901,144909,144911,144952,144954,144963,144968,144973,144975,145002,145009,145012,145043,145045,145054,145060,145069,145100,145102,145114,145127,145131,145136,145166,145168,145235,145237,145247,145249,145254,145257,145262,145267,145271,145277,145283,145286,145288,145346,145348,145356,145358,145394],[10,144250,122809,144252,10935],{"id":144251},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144253,127687],{},[20,144255,122814,144256,144258],{},[15,144257,127687],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144260,84235,144261,144263],{},[15,144262,127687],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[49,144265,52],{"id":51},[54,144267,144269],{"className":56,"code":144268,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144270,144271,144283,144297,144307],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144272,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144274,1370],{"class":382},[63,144276,386],{"class":270},[63,144278,1375],{"class":448},[63,144280,128528],{"class":452},[63,144282,1381],{"class":448},[63,144284,144285,144287,144289,144291,144293,144295],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144286,383],{"class":382},[63,144288,386],{"class":270},[63,144290,42458],{"class":382},[63,144292,307],{"class":73},[63,144294,34101],{"class":181},[63,144296,8252],{"class":73},[63,144298,144299,144301,144303,144305],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144300,70],{"class":69},[63,144302,74],{"class":73},[63,144304,406],{"class":181},[63,144306,397],{"class":73},[63,144308,144309],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,144310,144311],{"class":1357},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144313,144314,144316,144317,144319],{},[15,144315,127687],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[833,144318,973],{}," change the original string in place.",[49,144321,138,144323,141],{"id":144322},"what-upper-does",[15,144324,127687],{},[30,144326,144327,144332,144335,144337],{},[33,144328,144329,144331],{},[15,144330,127687],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144333,144334],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144336,133057],{},[33,144338,135775],{},[20,144340,124561,144341,632,144343,307],{},[303,144342,135781],{"href":135780},[303,144344,124564],{"href":50591},[49,144346,164],{"id":163},[20,144348,167],{},[54,144350,144352],{"className":56,"code":144351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.upper()\n",[15,144353,144354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144355,144356,144358,144360,144362],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144357,60793],{"class":382},[63,144359,307],{"class":73},[63,144361,34101],{"class":181},[63,144363,8252],{"class":73},[20,144365,11072],{},[30,144367,144368,144370,144373],{},[33,144369,96982],{},[33,144371,144372],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144374,144375],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144377,144378],{},"Example with a variable:",[54,144380,144382],{"className":56,"code":144381,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144383,144384,144396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144385,144386,144388,144390,144392,144394],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144387,7484],{"class":382},[63,144389,386],{"class":270},[63,144391,1375],{"class":448},[63,144393,58],{"class":452},[63,144395,1381],{"class":448},[63,144397,144398,144400,144402,144404,144406,144408],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144399,70],{"class":69},[63,144401,74],{"class":73},[63,144403,7274],{"class":181},[63,144405,307],{"class":73},[63,144407,34101],{"class":181},[63,144409,6799],{"class":73},[20,144411,144412],{},"Example with a string literal:",[54,144414,144416],{"className":56,"code":144415,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144417,144418],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144419,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428,144430,144432,144434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144421,70],{"class":69},[63,144423,74],{"class":73},[63,144425,2455],{"class":448},[63,144427,3441],{"class":452},[63,144429,2455],{"class":448},[63,144431,307],{"class":73},[63,144433,34101],{"class":181},[63,144435,6799],{"class":73},[49,144437,11089],{"id":11088},[20,144439,144440],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[54,144442,144444],{"className":56,"code":144443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144445,144446,144458,144473,144477,144487],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144447,144448,144450,144452,144454,144456],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144449,5757],{"class":382},[63,144451,386],{"class":270},[63,144453,1375],{"class":448},[63,144455,3686],{"class":452},[63,144457,1381],{"class":448},[63,144459,144460,144463,144465,144467,144469,144471],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144461,144462],{"class":382},"uppercase_word ",[63,144464,386],{"class":270},[63,144466,38007],{"class":382},[63,144468,307],{"class":73},[63,144470,34101],{"class":181},[63,144472,8252],{"class":73},[63,144474,144475],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144476,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,144478,144479,144481,144483,144485],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,144480,70],{"class":69},[63,144482,74],{"class":73},[63,144484,38017],{"class":181},[63,144486,397],{"class":73},[63,144488,144489,144491,144493,144496],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,144490,70],{"class":69},[63,144492,74],{"class":73},[63,144494,144495],{"class":181},"uppercase_word",[63,144497,397],{"class":73},[20,144499,110],{},[54,144501,144503],{"className":56,"code":144502,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144504,144505,144509],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144506,144507],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144508,70024],{"class":382},[63,144510,144511],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144512,144513],{"class":34076},"BANANA\n",[20,144515,111923],{},[30,144517,144518,144523],{},[33,144519,144520,144522],{},[15,144521,38017],{}," keeps its original value",[33,144524,144525,144527,144528],{},[15,144526,144495],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144529,127687],{},[49,144531,144533,144535],{"id":144532},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144534,127687],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144537,136441,144538,144540],{},[833,144539,136444],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144542,144543],{},"So this method:",[54,144545,144547],{"className":56,"code":144546,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144548,144549,144561,144571,144575],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144550,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144552,7484],{"class":382},[63,144554,386],{"class":270},[63,144556,1375],{"class":448},[63,144558,17422],{"class":452},[63,144560,1381],{"class":448},[63,144562,144563,144565,144567,144569],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144564,7274],{"class":382},[63,144566,307],{"class":73},[63,144568,34101],{"class":181},[63,144570,8252],{"class":73},[63,144572,144573],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144574,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,144576,144577,144579,144581,144583],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,144578,70],{"class":69},[63,144580,74],{"class":73},[63,144582,7274],{"class":181},[63,144584,397],{"class":73},[20,144586,110],{},[54,144588,144590],{"className":56,"code":144589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"alice\n",[15,144591,144592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144593,144594],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144595,144589],{"class":382},[20,144597,20597,144598,144600,144601,144603],{},[15,144599,127687],{}," was called, ",[15,144602,7274],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144605,144606],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[54,144608,144610],{"className":56,"code":144609,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144611,144612,144624,144638,144642],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144613,144614,144616,144618,144620,144622],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144615,7484],{"class":382},[63,144617,386],{"class":270},[63,144619,1375],{"class":448},[63,144621,17422],{"class":452},[63,144623,1381],{"class":448},[63,144625,144626,144628,144630,144632,144634,144636],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144627,7484],{"class":382},[63,144629,386],{"class":270},[63,144631,35615],{"class":382},[63,144633,307],{"class":73},[63,144635,34101],{"class":181},[63,144637,8252],{"class":73},[63,144639,144640],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144641,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,144643,144644,144646,144648,144650],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,144645,70],{"class":69},[63,144647,74],{"class":73},[63,144649,7274],{"class":181},[63,144651,397],{"class":73},[20,144653,110],{},[54,144655,144657],{"className":56,"code":144656,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ALICE\n",[15,144658,144659],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144660,144661],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144662,144656],{"class":34076},[20,144664,144665],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[49,144667,144669],{"id":144668},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144671,144672,144674],{},[15,144673,127687],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,144676,144677,144680,144683,144686],{},[33,144678,144679],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,144681,144682],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,144684,144685],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,144687,144688],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144690,1820],{},[54,144692,144694],{"className":56,"code":144693,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144695,144696,144709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144697,144698,144700,144702,144704,144707],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144699,1370],{"class":382},[63,144701,386],{"class":270},[63,144703,1375],{"class":448},[63,144705,144706],{"class":452},"Room 7, table #3!",[63,144708,1381],{"class":448},[63,144710,144711,144713,144715,144717,144719,144721],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144712,70],{"class":69},[63,144714,74],{"class":73},[63,144716,1396],{"class":181},[63,144718,307],{"class":73},[63,144720,34101],{"class":181},[63,144722,6799],{"class":73},[20,144724,110],{},[54,144726,144728],{"className":56,"code":144727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144729,144730],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144731,144732,144735,144737,144739,144742],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144733,144734],{"class":34076},"ROOM",[63,144736,5596],{"class":82},[63,144738,102],{"class":73},[63,144740,144741],{"class":34076}," TABLE",[63,144743,144744],{"class":1357}," #3!\n",[20,144746,144747],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[49,144749,1114,144751],{"id":144750},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144752,127687],{},[20,144754,144755,144757],{},[15,144756,127687],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144759,47955],{},[30,144761,144762,144765,144768],{},[33,144763,144764],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,144766,144767],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,144769,144770],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144772,144773],{},"Example: simple comparison",[54,144775,144777],{"className":56,"code":144776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144778,144779,144791,144795,144817],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144780,144781,144783,144785,144787,144789],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144782,136052],{"class":382},[63,144784,386],{"class":270},[63,144786,1375],{"class":448},[63,144788,8267],{"class":452},[63,144790,1381],{"class":448},[63,144792,144793],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144794,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,144796,144797,144799,144801,144803,144805,144807,144809,144811,144813,144815],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144798,6602],{"class":3473},[63,144800,136072],{"class":382},[63,144802,307],{"class":73},[63,144804,34101],{"class":181},[63,144806,6971],{"class":73},[63,144808,6011],{"class":270},[63,144810,1375],{"class":448},[63,144812,136059],{"class":452},[63,144814,2455],{"class":448},[63,144816,5996],{"class":73},[63,144818,144819,144821,144823,144825,144827,144829],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,144820,7677],{"class":69},[63,144822,74],{"class":73},[63,144824,2455],{"class":448},[63,144826,143256],{"class":452},[63,144828,2455],{"class":448},[63,144830,397],{"class":73},[20,144832,110],{},[54,144834,144835],{"className":56,"code":143265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,144836,144837],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144838,144839],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144840,143265],{"class":382},[20,144842,144843,144844,1801,144846,1805,144848,307],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144845,8267],{},[15,144847,136845],{},[15,144849,136059],{},[49,144851,1186],{"id":1185},[1193,144853,1258],{"id":1257},[20,144855,7725,144856,144859],{},[15,144857,144858],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144861,16262],{},[54,144863,144865],{"className":56,"code":144864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144866,144867,144879,144889],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144868,144869,144871,144873,144875,144877],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144870,1370],{"class":382},[63,144872,386],{"class":270},[63,144874,1375],{"class":448},[63,144876,3441],{"class":452},[63,144878,1381],{"class":448},[63,144880,144881,144883,144885,144887],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144882,1396],{"class":382},[63,144884,307],{"class":73},[63,144886,34101],{"class":181},[63,144888,8252],{"class":73},[63,144890,144891,144893,144895,144897],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144892,70],{"class":69},[63,144894,74],{"class":73},[63,144896,1396],{"class":181},[63,144898,397],{"class":73},[20,144900,110],{},[54,144902,144903],{"className":56,"code":138124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,144904,144905],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144906,144907],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144908,138124],{"class":382},[20,144910,16274],{},[54,144912,144914],{"className":56,"code":144913,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144915,144916,144928,144942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144917,144918,144920,144922,144924,144926],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144919,1370],{"class":382},[63,144921,386],{"class":270},[63,144923,1375],{"class":448},[63,144925,3441],{"class":452},[63,144927,1381],{"class":448},[63,144929,144930,144932,144934,144936,144938,144940],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144931,1370],{"class":382},[63,144933,386],{"class":270},[63,144935,42458],{"class":382},[63,144937,307],{"class":73},[63,144939,34101],{"class":181},[63,144941,8252],{"class":73},[63,144943,144944,144946,144948,144950],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,144945,70],{"class":69},[63,144947,74],{"class":73},[63,144949,1396],{"class":181},[63,144951,397],{"class":73},[20,144953,110],{},[54,144955,144957],{"className":56,"code":144956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HELLO\n",[15,144958,144959],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144960,144961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144962,144956],{"class":34076},[1193,144964,18527,144966,136731],{"id":144965},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144967,127687],{},[20,144969,144970,144972],{},[15,144971,127687],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144974,1820],{},[54,144976,144978],{"className":56,"code":144977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144979,144980,144988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144981,144982,144984,144986],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144983,1386],{"class":382},[63,144985,386],{"class":270},[63,144987,124491],{"class":82},[63,144989,144990,144992,144994,144996,144998,145000],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,144991,70],{"class":69},[63,144993,74],{"class":73},[63,144995,182],{"class":181},[63,144997,307],{"class":73},[63,144999,34101],{"class":181},[63,145001,6799],{"class":73},[20,145003,39280,145004,145006,145007,33223],{},[15,145005,453],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145008,127687],{},[20,145010,145011],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[54,145013,145015],{"className":56,"code":145014,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145016,145017,145025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145018,145019,145021,145023],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145020,1386],{"class":382},[63,145022,386],{"class":270},[63,145024,124491],{"class":82},[63,145026,145027,145029,145031,145033,145035,145037,145039,145041],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145028,70],{"class":69},[63,145030,74],{"class":73},[63,145032,3037],{"class":417},[63,145034,74],{"class":73},[63,145036,182],{"class":181},[63,145038,8240],{"class":73},[63,145040,34101],{"class":181},[63,145042,6799],{"class":73},[20,145044,110],{},[54,145046,145048],{"className":56,"code":145047,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"123\n",[15,145049,145050],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145051,145052],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145053,145047],{"class":82},[1193,145055,36829,145057,145059],{"id":145056},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145058,127687],{}," with title case",[20,145061,145062,145064,145065,145068],{},[15,145063,127687],{}," makes ",[833,145066,145067],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[54,145070,145072],{"className":56,"code":145071,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145073,145074,145086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145075,145076,145078,145080,145082,145084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145077,1370],{"class":382},[63,145079,386],{"class":270},[63,145081,1375],{"class":448},[63,145083,60025],{"class":452},[63,145085,1381],{"class":448},[63,145087,145088,145090,145092,145094,145096,145098],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145089,70],{"class":69},[63,145091,74],{"class":73},[63,145093,1396],{"class":181},[63,145095,307],{"class":73},[63,145097,34101],{"class":181},[63,145099,6799],{"class":73},[20,145101,110],{},[54,145103,145105],{"className":56,"code":145104,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145106,145107],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145108,145109,145111],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145110,135833],{"class":34076},[63,145112,145113],{"class":34076}," WORLD\n",[20,145115,145116,145117,145121,145122,145126],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[303,145118,145119],{"href":123536},[15,145120,123539],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[303,145123,145124],{"href":129390},[15,145125,123980],{}," changes parts of a string.",[49,145128,145130],{"id":145129},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145132,145133,145134,2482],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145135,127687],{},[30,145137,145138,145145,145152,145159],{},[33,145139,145140,145144],{},[303,145141,145142],{"href":123536},[15,145143,123539],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145146,145147,145151],{},[303,145148,145149],{"href":136379},[15,145150,41270],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145153,145154,145158],{},[303,145155,145156],{"href":129390},[15,145157,123980],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145160,145161,3993,145163,145165],{},[15,145162,127177],{},[15,145164,125867],{}," for checks",[20,145167,1820],{},[54,145169,145171],{"className":56,"code":145170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145172,145173,145185,145189,145204,145220,145224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145174,145175,145177,145179,145181,145183],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145176,1370],{"class":382},[63,145178,386],{"class":270},[63,145180,1375],{"class":448},[63,145182,142907],{"class":452},[63,145184,1381],{"class":448},[63,145186,145187],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145188,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,145190,145191,145194,145196,145198,145200,145202],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,145192,145193],{"class":382},"cleaned ",[63,145195,386],{"class":270},[63,145197,42458],{"class":382},[63,145199,307],{"class":73},[63,145201,8243],{"class":181},[63,145203,8252],{"class":73},[63,145205,145206,145209,145211,145214,145216,145218],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,145207,145208],{"class":382},"loud ",[63,145210,386],{"class":270},[63,145212,145213],{"class":382}," cleaned",[63,145215,307],{"class":73},[63,145217,34101],{"class":181},[63,145219,8252],{"class":73},[63,145221,145222],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,145223,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,145225,145226,145228,145230,145233],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,145227,70],{"class":69},[63,145229,74],{"class":73},[63,145231,145232],{"class":181},"loud",[63,145234,397],{"class":73},[20,145236,110],{},[54,145238,145239],{"className":56,"code":145104,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,145240,145241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145242,145243,145245],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145244,135833],{"class":34076},[63,145246,145113],{"class":34076},[49,145248,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,145250,1459,145252,124136],{"id":145251},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145253,127687],{},[20,145255,145256],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1193,145258,1459,145260,137113],{"id":145259},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145261,127687],{},[20,145263,145264,145265,307],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145266,144858],{},[1193,145268,145270],{"id":145269},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145272,145273,145274,145276],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145275,127687],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1193,145278,1499,145280,145282],{"id":145279},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145281,127687],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145284,145285],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145287,1820],{},[54,145289,145291],{"className":56,"code":145290,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145292,145293,145305,145318,145322],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145294,145295,145297,145299,145301,145303],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145296,2157],{"class":382},[63,145298,386],{"class":270},[63,145300,1375],{"class":448},[63,145302,58],{"class":452},[63,145304,1381],{"class":448},[63,145306,145307,145309,145311,145313,145316],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145308,2185],{"class":382},[63,145310,386],{"class":270},[63,145312,1375],{"class":448},[63,145314,145315],{"class":452},"PYTHON",[63,145317,1381],{"class":448},[63,145319,145320],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,145321,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,145323,145324,145326,145328,145330,145332,145334,145336,145338,145340,145342,145344],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,145325,70],{"class":69},[63,145327,74],{"class":73},[63,145329,303],{"class":181},[63,145331,307],{"class":73},[63,145333,34101],{"class":181},[63,145335,6971],{"class":73},[63,145337,6011],{"class":270},[63,145339,2162],{"class":181},[63,145341,307],{"class":73},[63,145343,34101],{"class":181},[63,145345,6799],{"class":73},[20,145347,110],{},[54,145349,145350],{"className":56,"code":3577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,145351,145352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145353,145354],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145355,3577],{"class":3448},[49,145357,1517],{"id":1516},[30,145359,145360,145364,145370,145376,145382,145386,145390],{},[33,145361,145362],{},[303,145363,124564],{"href":50591},[33,145365,145366],{},[303,145367,125809,145368,10352],{"href":123536},[15,145369,123539],{},[33,145371,145372],{},[303,145373,125809,145374,10352],{"href":136379},[15,145375,41270],{},[33,145377,145378],{},[303,145379,125809,145380,10352],{"href":129390},[15,145381,123980],{},[33,145383,145384],{},[303,145385,90301],{"href":89310},[33,145387,145388],{},[303,145389,124208],{"href":123064},[33,145391,145392],{},[303,145393,137199],{"href":135780},[1542,145395,145396],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":145398},[145399,145400,145402,145403,145404,145406,145407,145409,145416,145417,145426],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":144322,"depth":89,"text":145401},"What upper() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":144532,"depth":89,"text":145405},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144668,"depth":89,"text":144669},{"id":144750,"depth":89,"text":145408},"When to use upper()",{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":145410},[145411,145412,145414],{"id":1257,"depth":254,"text":1258},{"id":144965,"depth":254,"text":145413},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145056,"depth":254,"text":145415},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145129,"depth":89,"text":145130},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":145418},[145419,145421,145423,145424],{"id":145251,"depth":254,"text":145420},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145259,"depth":254,"text":145422},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145269,"depth":254,"text":145270},{"id":145279,"depth":254,"text":145425},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144246,"description":145427},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145434,"title":145435,"body":145436,"description":147313,"extension":1580,"meta":147314,"navigation":579,"path":147315,"seo":147316,"stem":147317,"__hash__":147318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145437,"toc":147263},[145438,145444,145451,145457,145459,145515,145520,145525,145530,145533,145552,145555,145557,145581,145599,145610,145612,145615,145668,145670,145678,145680,145698,145703,145706,145763,145765,145774,145777,145797,145800,145806,145811,145813,145856,145858,145866,145869,145910,145912,145921,145927,145933,145960,145962,145970,145975,145979,145991,146034,146036,146044,146049,146055,146060,146064,146066,146109,146112,146159,146161,146170,146177,146181,146184,146230,146235,146239,146241,146284,146287,146295,146297,146302,146304,146306,146325,146328,146340,146342,146361,146363,146371,146375,146377,146428,146431,146506,146508,146516,146519,146523,146525,146572,146575,146646,146648,146656,146662,146664,146739,146743,146822,146824,146832,146838,146844,146849,146854,146903,146907,146978,146981,146986,146997,147000,147011,147021,147023,147028,147053,147058,147139,147141,147166,147168,147173,147176,147182,147191,147197,147200,147206,147212,147219,147222,147224,147260],[10,145439,13,145441,18],{"id":145440},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145442,145443],{},"sum()",[20,145445,22,145446,145448,145449,24384],{},[15,145447,145443],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145450,59617],{},[20,145452,145453,145454,145456],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145455,35696],{}," value and a few important limits.",[49,145458,52],{"id":51},[54,145460,145462],{"className":56,"code":145461,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145463,145464,145488,145503],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145465,145466,145468,145470,145472,145474,145476,145478,145480,145482,145484,145486],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145467,3211],{"class":382},[63,145469,386],{"class":270},[63,145471,3216],{"class":73},[63,145473,674],{"class":82},[63,145475,102],{"class":73},[63,145477,105],{"class":82},[63,145479,102],{"class":73},[63,145481,518],{"class":82},[63,145483,102],{"class":73},[63,145485,2061],{"class":82},[63,145487,3229],{"class":73},[63,145489,145490,145492,145494,145497,145499,145501],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145491,40799],{"class":382},[63,145493,386],{"class":270},[63,145495,145496],{"class":69}," sum",[63,145498,74],{"class":73},[63,145500,3243],{"class":181},[63,145502,397],{"class":73},[63,145504,145505,145507,145509,145511,145513],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,145506,70],{"class":69},[63,145508,74],{"class":73},[63,145510,40828],{"class":181},[63,145512,3256],{"class":73},[63,145514,26415],{"class":1357},[20,145516,128,145517,145519],{},[15,145518,145443],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[49,145521,138,145523,141],{"id":145522},"what-sum-does",[15,145524,145443],{},[20,145526,145527,145529],{},[15,145528,145443],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145531,145532],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,145534,145535,145538,145541,145546],{},[33,145536,145537],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,145539,145540],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,145542,145543,145544],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145545,35822],{},[33,145547,145548,145549,145551],{},"Counting ",[15,145550,3196],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145553,145554],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[49,145556,164],{"id":163},[54,145558,145560],{"className":56,"code":145559,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145561,145562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145563,145564,145567,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577,145579],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145565,145566],{"class":69},"sum",[63,145568,74],{"class":73},[63,145570,3315],{"class":181},[63,145572,102],{"class":73},[63,145574,35675],{"class":8785},[63,145576,386],{"class":270},[63,145578,1734],{"class":82},[63,145580,397],{"class":73},[30,145582,145583,145588,145593],{},[33,145584,145585,145587],{},[15,145586,3315],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,145589,145590,145592],{},[15,145591,35696],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,145594,145595,145596],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145597,145598],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145600,145601,145602,145605,145606,307],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145603,145604,3315],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[303,145607,145608,24237],{"href":35819},[15,145609,35822],{},[49,145611,11089],{"id":11088},[20,145613,145614],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[54,145616,145618],{"className":56,"code":145617,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145619,145620,145640,145654,145658],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145621,145622,145624,145626,145628,145630,145632,145634,145636,145638],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145623,3211],{"class":382},[63,145625,386],{"class":270},[63,145627,3216],{"class":73},[63,145629,1750],{"class":82},[63,145631,102],{"class":73},[63,145633,5607],{"class":82},[63,145635,102],{"class":73},[63,145637,37562],{"class":82},[63,145639,3229],{"class":73},[63,145641,145642,145644,145646,145648,145650,145652],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145643,40799],{"class":382},[63,145645,386],{"class":270},[63,145647,145496],{"class":69},[63,145649,74],{"class":73},[63,145651,3243],{"class":181},[63,145653,397],{"class":73},[63,145655,145656],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,145657,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,145659,145660,145662,145664,145666],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,145661,70],{"class":69},[63,145663,74],{"class":73},[63,145665,40828],{"class":181},[63,145667,397],{"class":73},[20,145669,110],{},[54,145671,145672],{"className":56,"code":69458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,145673,145674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145675,145676],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145677,69458],{"class":82},[20,145679,11298],{},[30,145681,145682,145687,145693],{},[33,145683,145684,145686],{},[15,145685,3243],{}," contains three integers",[33,145688,145689,145692],{},[15,145690,145691],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,145694,145695,145696],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145697,40828],{},[49,145699,36237,145701,8042],{"id":145700},"using-the-start-value",[15,145702,35696],{},[20,145704,145705],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[54,145707,145709],{"className":56,"code":145708,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145710,145711,145731,145749,145753],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145712,145713,145715,145717,145719,145721,145723,145725,145727,145729],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145714,3211],{"class":382},[63,145716,386],{"class":270},[63,145718,3216],{"class":73},[63,145720,674],{"class":82},[63,145722,102],{"class":73},[63,145724,105],{"class":82},[63,145726,102],{"class":73},[63,145728,518],{"class":82},[63,145730,3229],{"class":73},[63,145732,145733,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745,145747],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145734,40799],{"class":382},[63,145736,386],{"class":270},[63,145738,145496],{"class":69},[63,145740,74],{"class":73},[63,145742,3243],{"class":181},[63,145744,102],{"class":73},[63,145746,5607],{"class":82},[63,145748,397],{"class":73},[63,145750,145751],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,145752,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,145754,145755,145757,145759,145761],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,145756,70],{"class":69},[63,145758,74],{"class":73},[63,145760,40828],{"class":181},[63,145762,397],{"class":73},[20,145764,110],{},[54,145766,145768],{"className":56,"code":145767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"16\n",[15,145769,145770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145771,145772],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145773,145767],{"class":82},[20,145775,145776],{},"This works like:",[30,145778,145779,145784,145789,145793],{},[33,145780,145781,145782],{},"Start at ",[15,145783,1940],{},[33,145785,145786,145787],{},"Add ",[15,145788,674],{},[33,145790,145786,145791],{},[15,145792,274],{},[33,145794,145786,145795],{},[15,145796,715],{},[20,145798,145799],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[49,145801,138,145803,145805],{"id":145802},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145804,145443],{}," can work with",[20,145807,145808,145810],{},[15,145809,145443],{}," works with numeric values.",[1193,145812,40047],{"id":40046},[54,145814,145816],{"className":56,"code":145815,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145817,145818,145842],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145819,145820,145822,145824,145826,145828,145830,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145821,3418],{"class":382},[63,145823,386],{"class":270},[63,145825,3216],{"class":73},[63,145827,674],{"class":82},[63,145829,102],{"class":73},[63,145831,105],{"class":82},[63,145833,102],{"class":73},[63,145835,518],{"class":82},[63,145837,102],{"class":73},[63,145839,2061],{"class":82},[63,145841,3229],{"class":73},[63,145843,145844,145846,145848,145850,145852,145854],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145845,70],{"class":69},[63,145847,74],{"class":73},[63,145849,145566],{"class":69},[63,145851,74],{"class":73},[63,145853,4961],{"class":181},[63,145855,86],{"class":73},[20,145857,110],{},[54,145859,145860],{"className":56,"code":436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,145861,145862],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145863,145864],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145865,436],{"class":82},[1193,145867,145868],{"id":51662},"Floats",[54,145870,145872],{"className":56,"code":145871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145873,145874,145896],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145875,145876,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886,145889,145891,145894],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145877,82666],{"class":382},[63,145879,386],{"class":270},[63,145881,3216],{"class":73},[63,145883,795],{"class":82},[63,145885,102],{"class":73},[63,145887,145888],{"class":82}," 3.75",[63,145890,102],{"class":73},[63,145892,145893],{"class":82}," 1.25",[63,145895,3229],{"class":73},[63,145897,145898,145900,145902,145904,145906,145908],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,145899,70],{"class":69},[63,145901,74],{"class":73},[63,145903,145566],{"class":69},[63,145905,74],{"class":73},[63,145907,82702],{"class":181},[63,145909,86],{"class":73},[20,145911,110],{},[54,145913,145915],{"className":56,"code":145914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.5\n",[15,145916,145917],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145918,145919],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145920,145914],{"class":82},[20,145922,145923,145924,307],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[303,145925,145926],{"href":305},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1193,145928,145930,145931],{"id":145929},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145932,35822],{},[54,145934,145936],{"className":56,"code":145935,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145937,145938],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145939,145940,145942,145944,145946,145948,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145941,70],{"class":69},[63,145943,74],{"class":73},[63,145945,145566],{"class":69},[63,145947,74],{"class":73},[63,145949,59617],{"class":69},[63,145951,74],{"class":73},[63,145953,674],{"class":82},[63,145955,102],{"class":73},[63,145957,37269],{"class":82},[63,145959,2510],{"class":73},[20,145961,110],{},[54,145963,145964],{"className":56,"code":46658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,145965,145966],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145967,145968],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145969,46658],{"class":82},[20,145971,113013,145972,307],{},[15,145973,145974],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1193,145976,145978],{"id":145977},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145980,145981,145982,145984,145985,3993,145987,145984,145989,307],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145983,3196],{}," acts like ",[15,145986,674],{},[15,145988,3269],{},[15,145990,1734],{},[54,145992,145994],{"className":56,"code":145993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145995,145996,146020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145997,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145999,51582],{"class":382},[63,146001,386],{"class":270},[63,146003,3216],{"class":73},[63,146005,3196],{"class":3448},[63,146007,102],{"class":73},[63,146009,3504],{"class":3448},[63,146011,102],{"class":73},[63,146013,3513],{"class":3448},[63,146015,102],{"class":73},[63,146017,3513],{"class":3448},[63,146019,3229],{"class":73},[63,146021,146022,146024,146026,146028,146030,146032],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146023,70],{"class":69},[63,146025,74],{"class":73},[63,146027,145566],{"class":69},[63,146029,74],{"class":73},[63,146031,51635],{"class":181},[63,146033,86],{"class":73},[20,146035,110],{},[54,146037,146038],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,146039,146040],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146041,146042],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146043,120],{"class":82},[20,146045,146046,146047,307],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146048,3196],{},[49,146050,138,146052,146054],{"id":146051},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146053,145443],{}," does not work with",[20,146056,146057,146059],{},[15,146058,145443],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1193,146061,146063],{"id":146062},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146065,2437],{},[54,146067,146069],{"className":56,"code":146068,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146070,146071,146095],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146072,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083,146085,146087,146089,146091,146093],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146074,3668],{"class":382},[63,146076,386],{"class":270},[63,146078,3216],{"class":73},[63,146080,2455],{"class":448},[63,146082,3441],{"class":452},[63,146084,2455],{"class":448},[63,146086,102],{"class":73},[63,146088,1375],{"class":448},[63,146090,60210],{"class":452},[63,146092,2455],{"class":448},[63,146094,3229],{"class":73},[63,146096,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146098,70],{"class":69},[63,146100,74],{"class":73},[63,146102,145566],{"class":69},[63,146104,74],{"class":73},[63,146106,3712],{"class":181},[63,146108,86],{"class":73},[20,146110,146111],{},"Use string joining instead:",[54,146113,146115],{"className":56,"code":146114,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146116,146117,146141],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146118,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129,146131,146133,146135,146137,146139],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146120,3668],{"class":382},[63,146122,386],{"class":270},[63,146124,3216],{"class":73},[63,146126,2455],{"class":448},[63,146128,3441],{"class":452},[63,146130,2455],{"class":448},[63,146132,102],{"class":73},[63,146134,1375],{"class":448},[63,146136,60210],{"class":452},[63,146138,2455],{"class":448},[63,146140,3229],{"class":73},[63,146142,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151,146153,146155,146157],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146144,70],{"class":69},[63,146146,74],{"class":73},[63,146148,5875],{"class":448},[63,146150,307],{"class":73},[63,146152,132968],{"class":181},[63,146154,74],{"class":73},[63,146156,3712],{"class":181},[63,146158,86],{"class":73},[20,146160,110],{},[54,146162,146164],{"className":56,"code":146163,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"helloworld\n",[15,146165,146166],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146167,146168],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146169,146163],{"class":382},[20,146171,146172,146173,307],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[303,146174,146175,5385],{"href":41792},[15,146176,47300],{},[1193,146178,146180],{"id":146179},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146182,146183],{},"This also causes an error:",[54,146185,146187],{"className":56,"code":146186,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146188,146189,146216],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146190,146191,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146192,146193],{"class":382},"lists ",[63,146195,386],{"class":270},[63,146197,55911],{"class":73},[63,146199,674],{"class":82},[63,146201,102],{"class":73},[63,146203,105],{"class":82},[63,146205,17681],{"class":73},[63,146207,3216],{"class":73},[63,146209,715],{"class":82},[63,146211,102],{"class":73},[63,146213,2061],{"class":82},[63,146215,52859],{"class":73},[63,146217,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146219,70],{"class":69},[63,146221,74],{"class":73},[63,146223,145566],{"class":69},[63,146225,74],{"class":73},[63,146227,4902],{"class":181},[63,146229,86],{"class":73},[20,146231,146232,146234],{},[15,146233,145443],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1193,146236,146238],{"id":146237},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146240,777],{},[54,146242,146244],{"className":56,"code":146243,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146245,146246,146270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146247,146248,146250,146252,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146249,3418],{"class":382},[63,146251,386],{"class":270},[63,146253,3216],{"class":73},[63,146255,674],{"class":82},[63,146257,102],{"class":73},[63,146259,105],{"class":82},[63,146261,102],{"class":73},[63,146263,1375],{"class":448},[63,146265,715],{"class":452},[63,146267,2455],{"class":448},[63,146269,3229],{"class":73},[63,146271,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146273,70],{"class":69},[63,146275,74],{"class":73},[63,146277,145566],{"class":69},[63,146279,74],{"class":73},[63,146281,4961],{"class":181},[63,146283,86],{"class":73},[20,146285,146286],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146288,146289,146290,146292,146293,307],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146291,65563],{},", convert them first. See ",[303,146294,2560],{"href":2559},[49,146296,41121],{"id":41120},[20,146298,146299,146300,307],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146301,145443],{},[1193,146303,6128],{"id":6127},[20,146305,4126],{},[54,146307,146309],{"className":56,"code":146308,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146310,146311],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146312,146313,146315,146317,146319,146321,146323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146314,70],{"class":69},[63,146316,74],{"class":73},[63,146318,145566],{"class":69},[63,146320,74],{"class":73},[63,146322,1750],{"class":82},[63,146324,86],{"class":73},[20,146326,146327],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146329,146330,146335],{},[33,146331,146332,146334],{},[15,146333,1750],{}," is a single integer",[33,146336,146337,146339],{},[15,146338,145443],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146341,6158],{},[54,146343,146345],{"className":56,"code":146344,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146346,146347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146348,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146350,70],{"class":69},[63,146352,74],{"class":73},[63,146354,145566],{"class":69},[63,146356,2583],{"class":73},[63,146358,1750],{"class":82},[63,146360,2596],{"class":73},[20,146362,110],{},[54,146364,146365],{"className":56,"code":369,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,146366,146367],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146368,146369],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146370,369],{"class":82},[1193,146372,146374],{"id":146373},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146376,4126],{},[54,146378,146380],{"className":56,"code":146379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146381,146382,146414],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146383,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146385,3418],{"class":382},[63,146387,386],{"class":270},[63,146389,3216],{"class":73},[63,146391,2455],{"class":448},[63,146393,674],{"class":452},[63,146395,2455],{"class":448},[63,146397,102],{"class":73},[63,146399,1375],{"class":448},[63,146401,274],{"class":452},[63,146403,2455],{"class":448},[63,146405,102],{"class":73},[63,146407,1375],{"class":448},[63,146409,715],{"class":452},[63,146411,2455],{"class":448},[63,146413,3229],{"class":73},[63,146415,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146417,70],{"class":69},[63,146419,74],{"class":73},[63,146421,145566],{"class":69},[63,146423,74],{"class":73},[63,146425,4961],{"class":181},[63,146427,86],{"class":73},[20,146429,146430],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[54,146432,146434],{"className":56,"code":146433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146435,146436,146468,146496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146437,146438,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146439,3418],{"class":382},[63,146441,386],{"class":270},[63,146443,3216],{"class":73},[63,146445,2455],{"class":448},[63,146447,674],{"class":452},[63,146449,2455],{"class":448},[63,146451,102],{"class":73},[63,146453,1375],{"class":448},[63,146455,274],{"class":452},[63,146457,2455],{"class":448},[63,146459,102],{"class":73},[63,146461,1375],{"class":448},[63,146463,715],{"class":452},[63,146465,2455],{"class":448},[63,146467,3229],{"class":73},[63,146469,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146471,40799],{"class":382},[63,146473,386],{"class":270},[63,146475,145496],{"class":69},[63,146477,74],{"class":73},[63,146479,453],{"class":417},[63,146481,74],{"class":73},[63,146483,1786],{"class":181},[63,146485,3256],{"class":73},[63,146487,3474],{"class":3473},[63,146489,3477],{"class":181},[63,146491,3480],{"class":3473},[63,146493,3483],{"class":181},[63,146495,397],{"class":73},[63,146497,146498,146500,146502,146504],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,146499,70],{"class":69},[63,146501,74],{"class":73},[63,146503,40828],{"class":181},[63,146505,397],{"class":73},[20,146507,110],{},[54,146509,146510],{"className":56,"code":2256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,146511,146512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146513,146514],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146515,2256],{"class":82},[20,146517,146518],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1193,146520,146522],{"id":146521},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146524,4126],{},[54,146526,146528],{"className":56,"code":146527,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146529,146530,146558],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146531,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146533,3418],{"class":382},[63,146535,386],{"class":270},[63,146537,3216],{"class":73},[63,146539,674],{"class":82},[63,146541,102],{"class":73},[63,146543,105],{"class":82},[63,146545,102],{"class":73},[63,146547,1375],{"class":448},[63,146549,715],{"class":452},[63,146551,2455],{"class":448},[63,146553,102],{"class":73},[63,146555,2061],{"class":82},[63,146557,3229],{"class":73},[63,146559,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146561,70],{"class":69},[63,146563,74],{"class":73},[63,146565,145566],{"class":69},[63,146567,74],{"class":73},[63,146569,4961],{"class":181},[63,146571,86],{"class":73},[20,146573,146574],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[54,146576,146578],{"className":56,"code":146577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146579,146580,146608,146636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146581,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146583,3418],{"class":382},[63,146585,386],{"class":270},[63,146587,3216],{"class":73},[63,146589,674],{"class":82},[63,146591,102],{"class":73},[63,146593,105],{"class":82},[63,146595,102],{"class":73},[63,146597,1375],{"class":448},[63,146599,715],{"class":452},[63,146601,2455],{"class":448},[63,146603,102],{"class":73},[63,146605,2061],{"class":82},[63,146607,3229],{"class":73},[63,146609,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146611,40799],{"class":382},[63,146613,386],{"class":270},[63,146615,145496],{"class":69},[63,146617,74],{"class":73},[63,146619,453],{"class":417},[63,146621,74],{"class":73},[63,146623,1786],{"class":181},[63,146625,3256],{"class":73},[63,146627,3474],{"class":3473},[63,146629,3477],{"class":181},[63,146631,3480],{"class":3473},[63,146633,3483],{"class":181},[63,146635,397],{"class":73},[63,146637,146638,146640,146642,146644],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,146639,70],{"class":69},[63,146641,74],{"class":73},[63,146643,40828],{"class":181},[63,146645,397],{"class":73},[20,146647,110],{},[54,146649,146650],{"className":56,"code":436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,146651,146652],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146653,146654],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146655,436],{"class":82},[1193,146657,311,146659,146661],{"id":146658},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146660,145443],{}," to join text",[20,146663,4126],{},[54,146665,146667],{"className":56,"code":146666,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146668,146669,146725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146670,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146672,35714],{"class":382},[63,146674,386],{"class":270},[63,146676,3216],{"class":73},[63,146678,2455],{"class":448},[63,146680,133567],{"class":452},[63,146682,2455],{"class":448},[63,146684,102],{"class":73},[63,146686,1375],{"class":448},[63,146688,11360],{"class":452},[63,146690,2455],{"class":448},[63,146692,102],{"class":73},[63,146694,1375],{"class":448},[63,146696,62906],{"class":452},[63,146698,2455],{"class":448},[63,146700,102],{"class":73},[63,146702,1375],{"class":448},[63,146704,60057],{"class":452},[63,146706,2455],{"class":448},[63,146708,102],{"class":73},[63,146710,1375],{"class":448},[63,146712,60092],{"class":452},[63,146714,2455],{"class":448},[63,146716,102],{"class":73},[63,146718,1375],{"class":448},[63,146720,75648],{"class":452},[63,146722,2455],{"class":448},[63,146724,3229],{"class":73},[63,146726,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146728,70],{"class":69},[63,146730,74],{"class":73},[63,146732,145566],{"class":69},[63,146734,74],{"class":73},[63,146736,35767],{"class":181},[63,146738,86],{"class":73},[20,146740,128,146741,60151],{},[15,146742,132891],{},[54,146744,146746],{"className":56,"code":146745,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146747,146748,146804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146749,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146751,35714],{"class":382},[63,146753,386],{"class":270},[63,146755,3216],{"class":73},[63,146757,2455],{"class":448},[63,146759,133567],{"class":452},[63,146761,2455],{"class":448},[63,146763,102],{"class":73},[63,146765,1375],{"class":448},[63,146767,11360],{"class":452},[63,146769,2455],{"class":448},[63,146771,102],{"class":73},[63,146773,1375],{"class":448},[63,146775,62906],{"class":452},[63,146777,2455],{"class":448},[63,146779,102],{"class":73},[63,146781,1375],{"class":448},[63,146783,60057],{"class":452},[63,146785,2455],{"class":448},[63,146787,102],{"class":73},[63,146789,1375],{"class":448},[63,146791,60092],{"class":452},[63,146793,2455],{"class":448},[63,146795,102],{"class":73},[63,146797,1375],{"class":448},[63,146799,75648],{"class":452},[63,146801,2455],{"class":448},[63,146803,3229],{"class":73},[63,146805,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146807,70],{"class":69},[63,146809,74],{"class":73},[63,146811,5875],{"class":448},[63,146813,307],{"class":73},[63,146815,132968],{"class":181},[63,146817,74],{"class":73},[63,146819,35767],{"class":181},[63,146821,86],{"class":73},[20,146823,110],{},[54,146825,146826],{"className":56,"code":133648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,146827,146828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146829,146830],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146831,133648],{"class":382},[20,146833,146834,146835,307],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[303,146836,146837],{"href":134729},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[49,146839,146841,146843],{"id":146840},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146842,145443],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146845,146846,146848],{},[15,146847,145443],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1193,146850,311,146852],{"id":146851},"using-sum",[15,146853,145443],{},[54,146855,146857],{"className":56,"code":146856,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146858,146859,146879,146893],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146860,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146862,3211],{"class":382},[63,146864,386],{"class":270},[63,146866,3216],{"class":73},[63,146868,952],{"class":82},[63,146870,102],{"class":73},[63,146872,5596],{"class":82},[63,146874,102],{"class":73},[63,146876,53753],{"class":82},[63,146878,3229],{"class":73},[63,146880,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146882,40799],{"class":382},[63,146884,386],{"class":270},[63,146886,145496],{"class":69},[63,146888,74],{"class":73},[63,146890,3243],{"class":181},[63,146892,397],{"class":73},[63,146894,146895,146897,146899,146901],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,146896,70],{"class":69},[63,146898,74],{"class":73},[63,146900,40828],{"class":181},[63,146902,397],{"class":73},[1193,146904,146906],{"id":146905},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[54,146908,146910],{"className":56,"code":146909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146911,146912,146932,146940,146944,146956,146964,146968],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146913,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146915,3211],{"class":382},[63,146917,386],{"class":270},[63,146919,3216],{"class":73},[63,146921,952],{"class":82},[63,146923,102],{"class":73},[63,146925,5596],{"class":82},[63,146927,102],{"class":73},[63,146929,53753],{"class":82},[63,146931,3229],{"class":73},[63,146933,146934,146936,146938],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,146935,40799],{"class":382},[63,146937,386],{"class":270},[63,146939,38139],{"class":82},[63,146941,146942],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,146943,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,146945,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,146947,5560],{"class":3473},[63,146949,5989],{"class":382},[63,146951,3480],{"class":3473},[63,146953,3862],{"class":382},[63,146955,5996],{"class":73},[63,146957,146958,146960,146962],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,146959,89725],{"class":382},[63,146961,89728],{"class":270},[63,146963,89731],{"class":382},[63,146965,146966],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,146967,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,146969,146970,146972,146974,146976],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,146971,70],{"class":69},[63,146973,74],{"class":73},[63,146975,40828],{"class":181},[63,146977,397],{"class":73},[20,146979,146980],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146982,2092,146983,146985],{},[15,146984,145443],{}," is often better:",[30,146987,146988,146991,146994],{},[33,146989,146990],{},"Shorter code",[33,146992,146993],{},"Easier to read",[33,146995,146996],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146998,146999],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147001,147002,147005,147008],{},[33,147003,147004],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147006,147007],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147009,147010],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147012,147013,147014,147017,147018,147020],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[303,147015,147016],{"href":39635},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147019,145443],{}," on the filtered result.",[49,147022,1186],{"id":1185},[20,147024,147025,147026,2482],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147027,145443],{},[30,147029,147030,147036,147043,147050],{},[33,147031,147032,147033],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147034,147035],{},"sum(5)",[33,147037,147038,147039,147042],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147040,147041],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147044,311,147045,147047,147048],{},[15,147046,145443],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147049,132891],{},[33,147051,147052],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147054,8485,147055,147057],{},[15,147056,145443],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[54,147059,147061],{"className":56,"code":147060,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147062,147063,147073,147087,147111],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147064,147065,147067,147069,147071],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147066,70],{"class":69},[63,147068,74],{"class":73},[63,147070,4961],{"class":181},[63,147072,397],{"class":73},[63,147074,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,147076,70],{"class":69},[63,147078,74],{"class":73},[63,147080,418],{"class":417},[63,147082,74],{"class":73},[63,147084,4961],{"class":181},[63,147086,86],{"class":73},[63,147088,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,147090,70],{"class":69},[63,147092,2583],{"class":73},[63,147094,418],{"class":417},[63,147096,74],{"class":73},[63,147098,1786],{"class":181},[63,147100,3256],{"class":73},[63,147102,3474],{"class":3473},[63,147104,3477],{"class":181},[63,147106,3480],{"class":3473},[63,147108,3483],{"class":181},[63,147110,191],{"class":73},[63,147112,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,147114,70],{"class":69},[63,147116,74],{"class":73},[63,147118,145566],{"class":69},[63,147120,2583],{"class":73},[63,147122,453],{"class":417},[63,147124,74],{"class":73},[63,147126,1786],{"class":181},[63,147128,3256],{"class":73},[63,147130,3474],{"class":3473},[63,147132,3477],{"class":181},[63,147134,3480],{"class":3473},[63,147136,3483],{"class":181},[63,147138,2596],{"class":73},[20,147140,135462],{},[30,147142,147143,147149,147155,147160],{},[33,147144,147145,147148],{},[15,147146,147147],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147150,147151,147154],{},[15,147152,147153],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147156,147157,135484],{},[15,147158,147159],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147161,147162,147165],{},[15,147163,147164],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[49,147167,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,147169,4744,147171,4747],{"id":147170},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147172,145443],{},[20,147174,147175],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1193,147177,1482,147179,147181],{"id":147178},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147180,145443],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147183,29891,147184,632,147187,147190],{},[15,147185,147186],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147188,147189],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1193,147192,1482,147194,147196],{"id":147193},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147195,145443],{}," work with floats?",[20,147198,147199],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1193,147201,147203,147204,1506],{"id":147202},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147205,145443],{},[20,147207,147208,147209,147211],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147210,35696],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1193,147213,4760,147215,118847,147217,1506],{"id":147214},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147216,145443],{},[15,147218,2602],{},[20,147220,147221],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[49,147223,1517],{"id":1516},[30,147225,147226,147230,147236,147242,147248,147252,147256],{},[33,147227,147228],{},[303,147229,145926],{"href":305},[33,147231,147232],{},[303,147233,13,147234,469],{"href":35819},[15,147235,35822],{},[33,147237,147238],{},[303,147239,13,147240,469],{"href":41974},[15,147241,41977],{},[33,147243,147244],{},[303,147245,13,147246,469],{"href":41792},[15,147247,47300],{},[33,147249,147250],{},[303,147251,4823],{"href":39635},[33,147253,147254],{},[303,147255,3119],{"href":2559},[33,147257,147258],{},[303,147259,146837],{"href":134729},[1542,147261,147262],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":147264},[147265,147266,147268,147269,147270,147272,147280,147286,147293,147299,147300,147312],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":145522,"depth":89,"text":147267},"What sum() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":145700,"depth":89,"text":147271},"Using the start value",{"id":145802,"depth":89,"text":147273,"children":147274},"What sum() can work with",[147275,147276,147277,147279],{"id":40046,"depth":254,"text":40047},{"id":51662,"depth":254,"text":145868},{"id":145929,"depth":254,"text":147278},"Values from range()",{"id":145977,"depth":254,"text":145978},{"id":146051,"depth":89,"text":147281,"children":147282},"What sum() does not work with",[147283,147284,147285],{"id":146062,"depth":254,"text":146063},{"id":146179,"depth":254,"text":146180},{"id":146237,"depth":254,"text":146238},{"id":41120,"depth":89,"text":41121,"children":147287},[147288,147289,147290,147291],{"id":6127,"depth":254,"text":6128},{"id":146373,"depth":254,"text":146374},{"id":146521,"depth":254,"text":146522},{"id":146658,"depth":254,"text":147292},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146840,"depth":89,"text":147294,"children":147295},"sum() vs manual loop",[147296,147298],{"id":146851,"depth":254,"text":147297},"Using sum()",{"id":146905,"depth":254,"text":146906},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":147301},[147302,147304,147306,147308,147310],{"id":147170,"depth":254,"text":147303},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147178,"depth":254,"text":147305},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147193,"depth":254,"text":147307},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147202,"depth":254,"text":147309},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147214,"depth":254,"text":147311},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145435,"description":147313},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147320,"title":147321,"body":147322,"description":148724,"extension":1580,"meta":148725,"navigation":579,"path":148726,"seo":148727,"stem":148728,"__hash__":148729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147323,"toc":148692},[147324,147330,147336,147339,147402,147408,147413,147417,147434,147448,147452,147472,147486,147488,147581,147583,147597,147599,147602,147691,147693,147701,147710,147712,147716,147737,147739,147831,147833,147854,147856,147860,147874,147876,147950,147952,147971,147975,147978,148001,148003,148114,148121,148129,148131,148137,148140,148183,148186,148209,148217,148221,148296,148302,148327,148334,148337,148340,148344,148349,148437,148445,148449,148452,148477,148481,148542,148546,148595,148605,148607,148612,148615,148621,148624,148628,148632,148638,148641,148649,148657,148659,148689],[10,147325,147327,147328,10935],{"id":147326},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147329,56908],{},[20,147331,147332,147335],{},[15,147333,147334],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147337,147338],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[54,147340,147342],{"className":56,"code":147341,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147343,147344,147372,147390],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147345,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147347,3211],{"class":382},[63,147349,386],{"class":270},[63,147351,8846],{"class":73},[63,147353,674],{"class":82},[63,147355,102],{"class":73},[63,147357,105],{"class":82},[63,147359,102],{"class":73},[63,147361,105],{"class":82},[63,147363,102],{"class":73},[63,147365,518],{"class":82},[63,147367,102],{"class":73},[63,147369,105],{"class":82},[63,147371,397],{"class":73},[63,147373,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,147375,383],{"class":382},[63,147377,386],{"class":270},[63,147379,3862],{"class":382},[63,147381,307],{"class":73},[63,147383,40876],{"class":181},[63,147385,74],{"class":73},[63,147387,274],{"class":82},[63,147389,397],{"class":73},[63,147391,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,147393,70],{"class":69},[63,147395,74],{"class":73},[63,147397,406],{"class":181},[63,147399,3256],{"class":73},[63,147401,50386],{"class":1357},[20,147403,128,147404,147407],{},[15,147405,147406],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[49,147409,138,147411,141],{"id":147410},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147412,147334],{},[20,147414,147415,2482],{},[15,147416,147406],{},[30,147418,147419,147425,147428,147431],{},[33,147420,147421,147422,147424],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147423,1002],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147426,147427],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147429,147430],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147432,147433],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147435,147436,147437,147439,147440,632,147444,307],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147438,56908],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[303,147441,147443],{"href":147442},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[303,147445,147447],{"href":147446},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[49,147449,147451],{"id":147450},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[54,147453,147455],{"className":56,"code":147454,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147456,147457],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147458,147459,147462,147464,147466,147468,147470],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147460,147461],{"class":382},"my_tuple",[63,147463,307],{"class":73},[63,147465,40876],{"class":181},[63,147467,74],{"class":73},[63,147469,1002],{"class":181},[63,147471,397],{"class":73},[30,147473,147474,147478,147481],{},[33,147475,147476,57073],{},[15,147477,1002],{},[33,147479,147480],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,147482,147483,147484],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147485,1734],{},[1193,147487,102562],{"id":102561},[54,147489,147491],{"className":56,"code":147490,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147492,147493,147533,147557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147494,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147496,12692],{"class":382},[63,147498,386],{"class":270},[63,147500,8846],{"class":73},[63,147502,2455],{"class":448},[63,147504,12709],{"class":452},[63,147506,2455],{"class":448},[63,147508,102],{"class":73},[63,147510,1375],{"class":448},[63,147512,12726],{"class":452},[63,147514,2455],{"class":448},[63,147516,102],{"class":73},[63,147518,1375],{"class":448},[63,147520,12709],{"class":452},[63,147522,2455],{"class":448},[63,147524,102],{"class":73},[63,147526,1375],{"class":448},[63,147528,17074],{"class":452},[63,147530,2455],{"class":448},[63,147532,397],{"class":73},[63,147534,147535,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,147536,70],{"class":69},[63,147538,74],{"class":73},[63,147540,17121],{"class":181},[63,147542,307],{"class":73},[63,147544,40876],{"class":181},[63,147546,74],{"class":73},[63,147548,2455],{"class":448},[63,147550,12709],{"class":452},[63,147552,2455],{"class":448},[63,147554,4964],{"class":73},[63,147556,57263],{"class":1357},[63,147558,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,147560,70],{"class":69},[63,147562,74],{"class":73},[63,147564,17121],{"class":181},[63,147566,307],{"class":73},[63,147568,40876],{"class":181},[63,147570,74],{"class":73},[63,147572,2455],{"class":448},[63,147574,22144],{"class":452},[63,147576,2455],{"class":448},[63,147578,4964],{"class":73},[63,147580,50863],{"class":1357},[20,147582,19577],{},[30,147584,147585,147590],{},[33,147586,147587,147589],{},[15,147588,65012],{}," appears 2 times",[33,147591,147592,147594,147595],{},[15,147593,109258],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147596,1734],{},[49,147598,11089],{"id":11088},[20,147600,147601],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[54,147603,147605],{"className":56,"code":147604,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147606,147607,147655,147659,147681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147608,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147610,35863],{"class":382},[63,147612,386],{"class":270},[63,147614,8846],{"class":73},[63,147616,2455],{"class":448},[63,147618,3677],{"class":452},[63,147620,2455],{"class":448},[63,147622,102],{"class":73},[63,147624,1375],{"class":448},[63,147626,3686],{"class":452},[63,147628,2455],{"class":448},[63,147630,102],{"class":73},[63,147632,1375],{"class":448},[63,147634,3677],{"class":452},[63,147636,2455],{"class":448},[63,147638,102],{"class":73},[63,147640,1375],{"class":448},[63,147642,32843],{"class":452},[63,147644,2455],{"class":448},[63,147646,102],{"class":73},[63,147648,1375],{"class":448},[63,147650,3677],{"class":452},[63,147652,2455],{"class":448},[63,147654,397],{"class":73},[63,147656,147657],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,147658,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,147660,147661,147663,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,147662,383],{"class":382},[63,147664,386],{"class":270},[63,147666,52468],{"class":382},[63,147668,307],{"class":73},[63,147670,40876],{"class":181},[63,147672,74],{"class":73},[63,147674,2455],{"class":448},[63,147676,3677],{"class":452},[63,147678,2455],{"class":448},[63,147680,397],{"class":73},[63,147682,147683,147685,147687,147689],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,147684,70],{"class":69},[63,147686,74],{"class":73},[63,147688,406],{"class":181},[63,147690,397],{"class":73},[20,147692,110],{},[54,147694,147695],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,147696,147697],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147698,147699],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147700,120],{"class":82},[20,147702,147703,147705,147706,2004,147708,307],{},[15,147704,57451],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147707,56908],{},[15,147709,715],{},[49,147711,37646],{"id":37645},[20,147713,57162,147714,128197],{},[15,147715,56908],{},[30,147717,147718,147723,147728,147731],{},[33,147719,11037,147720,147722],{},[15,147721,1734],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,147724,11037,147725,147727],{},[15,147726,674],{}," when the value appears once",[33,147729,147730],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,147732,147733,147734,147736],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147735,6602],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147738,1820],{},[54,147740,147742],{"className":56,"code":147741,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147743,147744,147785,147789,147816],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147745,147746,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147747,147748],{"class":382},"answers ",[63,147750,386],{"class":270},[63,147752,8846],{"class":73},[63,147754,2455],{"class":448},[63,147756,8267],{"class":452},[63,147758,2455],{"class":448},[63,147760,102],{"class":73},[63,147762,1375],{"class":448},[63,147764,8206],{"class":452},[63,147766,2455],{"class":448},[63,147768,102],{"class":73},[63,147770,1375],{"class":448},[63,147772,8267],{"class":452},[63,147774,2455],{"class":448},[63,147776,102],{"class":73},[63,147778,1375],{"class":448},[63,147780,8267],{"class":452},[63,147782,2455],{"class":448},[63,147784,397],{"class":73},[63,147786,147787],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,147788,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,147790,147791,147793,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,147792,6602],{"class":3473},[63,147794,147795],{"class":382}," answers",[63,147797,307],{"class":73},[63,147799,40876],{"class":181},[63,147801,74],{"class":73},[63,147803,2455],{"class":448},[63,147805,8267],{"class":452},[63,147807,2455],{"class":448},[63,147809,3256],{"class":73},[63,147811,38022],{"class":270},[63,147813,249],{"class":82},[63,147815,5996],{"class":73},[63,147817,147818,147820,147822,147824,147827,147829],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,147819,7677],{"class":69},[63,147821,74],{"class":73},[63,147823,2455],{"class":448},[63,147825,147826],{"class":452},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[63,147828,2455],{"class":448},[63,147830,397],{"class":73},[20,147832,110],{},[54,147834,147836],{"className":56,"code":147835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147837,147838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147839,147840,147843,147845,147847,147849,147852],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147841,147842],{"class":382},"The answer ",[63,147844,456],{"class":448},[63,147846,8267],{"class":452},[63,147848,456],{"class":448},[63,147850,147851],{"class":382}," appears more than once",[63,147853,121841],{"class":73},[49,147855,40665],{"id":40664},[20,147857,35028,147858,104025],{},[15,147859,147334],{},[30,147861,147862,147865,147868,147871],{},[33,147863,147864],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,147866,147867],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,147869,147870],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,147872,147873],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147875,1820],{},[54,147877,147879],{"className":56,"code":147878,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147880,147881,147909,147913,147935],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147882,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147884,4665],{"class":382},[63,147886,386],{"class":270},[63,147888,8846],{"class":73},[63,147890,1940],{"class":82},[63,147892,102],{"class":73},[63,147894,7397],{"class":82},[63,147896,102],{"class":73},[63,147898,5607],{"class":82},[63,147900,102],{"class":73},[63,147902,7402],{"class":82},[63,147904,102],{"class":73},[63,147906,5607],{"class":82},[63,147908,397],{"class":73},[63,147910,147911],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,147912,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,147914,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,147916,6602],{"class":3473},[63,147918,4712],{"class":382},[63,147920,307],{"class":73},[63,147922,40876],{"class":181},[63,147924,74],{"class":73},[63,147926,1940],{"class":82},[63,147928,3256],{"class":73},[63,147930,50904],{"class":270},[63,147932,105],{"class":82},[63,147934,5996],{"class":73},[63,147936,147937,147939,147941,147943,147946,147948],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,147938,7677],{"class":69},[63,147940,74],{"class":73},[63,147942,2455],{"class":448},[63,147944,147945],{"class":452},"The score 10 is repeated.",[63,147947,2455],{"class":448},[63,147949,397],{"class":73},[20,147951,110],{},[54,147953,147955],{"className":56,"code":147954,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147956,147957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147958,147959,147962,147964,147966,147969],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147960,147961],{"class":382},"The score ",[63,147963,1940],{"class":82},[63,147965,7705],{"class":270},[63,147967,147968],{"class":382}," repeated",[63,147970,121841],{"class":73},[49,147972,147974],{"id":147973},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147976,147977],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,147979,147980,147986,147991,147994],{},[33,147981,147982,147983,147985],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147984,56908],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,147987,147988,147990],{},[15,147989,56908],{}," counts exact matches",[33,147992,147993],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,147995,147996,3993,147998,148000],{},[15,147997,674],{},[15,147999,41775],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148002,1820],{},[54,148004,148006],{"className":56,"code":148005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148007,148008,148042,148046,148066,148090],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148009,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020,148023,148025,148027,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148011,3418],{"class":382},[63,148013,386],{"class":270},[63,148015,8846],{"class":73},[63,148017,674],{"class":82},[63,148019,102],{"class":73},[63,148021,148022],{"class":82}," 1.0",[63,148024,102],{"class":73},[63,148026,1375],{"class":448},[63,148028,148029],{"class":452},"Cat",[63,148031,2455],{"class":448},[63,148033,102],{"class":73},[63,148035,1375],{"class":448},[63,148037,36672],{"class":452},[63,148039,2455],{"class":448},[63,148041,397],{"class":73},[63,148043,148044],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,148045,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,148047,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,148049,70],{"class":69},[63,148051,74],{"class":73},[63,148053,4961],{"class":181},[63,148055,307],{"class":73},[63,148057,40876],{"class":181},[63,148059,74],{"class":73},[63,148061,674],{"class":82},[63,148063,4964],{"class":73},[63,148065,50710],{"class":1357},[63,148067,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,148069,70],{"class":69},[63,148071,74],{"class":73},[63,148073,4961],{"class":181},[63,148075,307],{"class":73},[63,148077,40876],{"class":181},[63,148079,74],{"class":73},[63,148081,2455],{"class":448},[63,148083,148029],{"class":452},[63,148085,2455],{"class":448},[63,148087,4964],{"class":73},[63,148089,27400],{"class":1357},[63,148091,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,148093,70],{"class":69},[63,148095,74],{"class":73},[63,148097,4961],{"class":181},[63,148099,307],{"class":73},[63,148101,40876],{"class":181},[63,148103,74],{"class":73},[63,148105,2455],{"class":448},[63,148107,36672],{"class":452},[63,148109,2455],{"class":448},[63,148111,4964],{"class":73},[63,148113,27400],{"class":1357},[20,148115,4760,148116,4763,148119,1506],{},[15,148117,148118],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148120,274],{},[20,148122,8395,148123,4385,148126,148128],{},[15,148124,148125],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148127,3196],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[49,148130,1186],{"id":1185},[1193,148132,311,148134,148136],{"id":148133},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148135,40876],{}," without parentheses",[20,148138,148139],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[54,148141,148143],{"className":56,"code":148142,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148144,148145,148169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148146,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148148,3211],{"class":382},[63,148150,386],{"class":270},[63,148152,8846],{"class":73},[63,148154,674],{"class":82},[63,148156,102],{"class":73},[63,148158,105],{"class":82},[63,148160,102],{"class":73},[63,148162,105],{"class":82},[63,148164,102],{"class":73},[63,148166,518],{"class":82},[63,148168,397],{"class":73},[63,148170,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,148172,70],{"class":69},[63,148174,74],{"class":73},[63,148176,3243],{"class":181},[63,148178,307],{"class":73},[63,148180,40876],{"class":24370},[63,148182,397],{"class":73},[20,148184,148185],{},"To call the method correctly:",[54,148187,148189],{"className":56,"code":148188,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148190,148191],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148192,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148194,70],{"class":69},[63,148196,74],{"class":73},[63,148198,3243],{"class":181},[63,148200,307],{"class":73},[63,148202,40876],{"class":181},[63,148204,74],{"class":73},[63,148206,274],{"class":82},[63,148208,86],{"class":73},[1193,148210,1196,148211,8064,148213,632,148215],{"id":58211},[15,148212,56908],{},[15,148214,3196],{},[15,148216,3269],{},[20,148218,148219,58222],{},[15,148220,56908],{},[54,148222,148224],{"className":56,"code":148223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148225,148226,148258,148280,148284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148227,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148229,35714],{"class":382},[63,148231,386],{"class":270},[63,148233,8846],{"class":73},[63,148235,2455],{"class":448},[63,148237,303],{"class":452},[63,148239,2455],{"class":448},[63,148241,102],{"class":73},[63,148243,1375],{"class":448},[63,148245,4362],{"class":452},[63,148247,2455],{"class":448},[63,148249,102],{"class":73},[63,148251,1375],{"class":448},[63,148253,303],{"class":452},[63,148255,2455],{"class":448},[63,148257,397],{"class":73},[63,148259,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,148261,383],{"class":382},[63,148263,386],{"class":270},[63,148265,69714],{"class":382},[63,148267,307],{"class":73},[63,148269,40876],{"class":181},[63,148271,74],{"class":73},[63,148273,2455],{"class":448},[63,148275,303],{"class":452},[63,148277,2455],{"class":448},[63,148279,397],{"class":73},[63,148281,148282],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,148283,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,148285,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,148287,70],{"class":69},[63,148289,74],{"class":73},[63,148291,406],{"class":181},[63,148293,3256],{"class":73},[63,148295,51031],{"class":1357},[20,148297,148298,148299,148301],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148300,3480],{}," is often simpler:",[54,148303,148305],{"className":56,"code":148304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148306,148307],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148308,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148310,70],{"class":69},[63,148312,74],{"class":73},[63,148314,2455],{"class":448},[63,148316,303],{"class":452},[63,148318,2455],{"class":448},[63,148320,20793],{"class":3473},[63,148322,69714],{"class":181},[63,148324,3256],{"class":73},[63,148326,3259],{"class":1357},[1193,148328,36829,148330,8314,148332],{"id":148329},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148331,147334],{},[15,148333,56913],{},[20,148335,148336],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148338,148339],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1193,148341,148343],{"id":148342},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148345,148346,148348],{},[15,148347,56908],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[54,148350,148352],{"className":56,"code":148351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148353,148354,148387,148413],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148355,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148357,3668],{"class":382},[63,148359,386],{"class":270},[63,148361,8846],{"class":73},[63,148363,2455],{"class":448},[63,148365,3677],{"class":452},[63,148367,2455],{"class":448},[63,148369,102],{"class":73},[63,148371,1375],{"class":448},[63,148373,148374],{"class":452},"pineapple",[63,148376,2455],{"class":448},[63,148378,102],{"class":73},[63,148380,1375],{"class":448},[63,148382,3677],{"class":452},[63,148384,2455],{"class":448},[63,148386,397],{"class":73},[63,148388,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148406,148408,148410],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,148390,70],{"class":69},[63,148392,74],{"class":73},[63,148394,3712],{"class":181},[63,148396,307],{"class":73},[63,148398,40876],{"class":181},[63,148400,74],{"class":73},[63,148402,2455],{"class":448},[63,148404,148405],{"class":452},"app",[63,148407,2455],{"class":448},[63,148409,4964],{"class":73},[63,148411,148412],{"class":1357},"    # 0\n",[63,148414,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,148416,70],{"class":69},[63,148418,74],{"class":73},[63,148420,3712],{"class":181},[63,148422,307],{"class":73},[63,148424,40876],{"class":181},[63,148426,74],{"class":73},[63,148428,2455],{"class":448},[63,148430,3677],{"class":452},[63,148432,2455],{"class":448},[63,148434,4964],{"class":73},[63,148436,51031],{"class":1357},[20,148438,148439,148442,148443,307],{},[15,148440,148441],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148444,1734],{},[49,148446,148448],{"id":148447},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148450,148451],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148453,148454,148459,148468,148474],{},[33,148455,128,148456,148458],{},[15,148457,3480],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,148460,128,148461,148467],{},[303,148462,148464,148465],{"href":148463},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148466,58586],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,148469,128,148470,148473],{},[15,148471,148472],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,148475,148476],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148478,45658,148479,2482],{},[15,148480,3480],{},[54,148482,148484],{"className":56,"code":148483,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148485,148486,148506,148510,148526],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148487,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148489,3211],{"class":382},[63,148491,386],{"class":270},[63,148493,8846],{"class":73},[63,148495,952],{"class":82},[63,148497,102],{"class":73},[63,148499,5596],{"class":82},[63,148501,102],{"class":73},[63,148503,53753],{"class":82},[63,148505,397],{"class":73},[63,148507,148508],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,148509,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,148511,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,148513,70],{"class":69},[63,148515,74],{"class":73},[63,148517,1642],{"class":82},[63,148519,20793],{"class":3473},[63,148521,3862],{"class":181},[63,148523,3256],{"class":73},[63,148525,43472],{"class":1357},[63,148527,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,148529,70],{"class":69},[63,148531,74],{"class":73},[63,148533,1750],{"class":82},[63,148535,20793],{"class":3473},[63,148537,3862],{"class":181},[63,148539,3256],{"class":73},[63,148541,43489],{"class":1357},[20,148543,45658,148544,2482],{},[15,148545,58586],{},[54,148547,148549],{"className":56,"code":148548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148550,148551,148575],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148552,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148554,3211],{"class":382},[63,148556,386],{"class":270},[63,148558,8846],{"class":73},[63,148560,952],{"class":82},[63,148562,102],{"class":73},[63,148564,5596],{"class":82},[63,148566,102],{"class":73},[63,148568,53753],{"class":82},[63,148570,102],{"class":73},[63,148572,5596],{"class":82},[63,148574,397],{"class":73},[63,148576,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,148578,70],{"class":69},[63,148580,74],{"class":73},[63,148582,3243],{"class":181},[63,148584,307],{"class":73},[63,148586,35469],{"class":181},[63,148588,74],{"class":73},[63,148590,1642],{"class":82},[63,148592,4964],{"class":73},[63,148594,27400],{"class":1357},[20,148596,148597,148599,148600,148602,148604],{},[15,148598,56908],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9457,148601],{},[15,148603,58586],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[49,148606,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,148608,4744,148610,4747],{"id":148609},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148611,147334],{},[20,148613,148614],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1193,148616,1459,148618,148620],{"id":148617},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148619,147334],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148622,148623],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1193,148625,148627],{"id":148626},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148629,11526,148630,307],{},[15,148631,1734],{},[1193,148633,1482,148635,148637],{"id":148634},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148636,147334],{}," count strings?",[20,148639,148640],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1193,148642,4781,148644,3993,148646,1506],{"id":148643},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148645,147334],{},[15,148647,148648],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148650,148651,148653,148654,148656],{},[15,148652,56908],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148655,58586],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[49,148658,1517],{"id":1516},[30,148660,148661,148665,148670,148677,148685],{},[33,148662,148663],{},[303,148664,147443],{"href":147442},[33,148666,148667],{},[303,148668,148669],{"href":147446},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,148671,148672],{},[303,148673,148674,148675,10352],{"href":148463},"Python tuple ",[15,148676,58586],{},[33,148678,148679],{},[303,148680,148682,148683],{"href":148681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148684,41977],{},[33,148686,148687],{},[303,148688,58574],{"href":58573},[1542,148690,148691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":148693},[148694,148696,148699,148700,148701,148702,148703,148711,148712,148723],{"id":147410,"depth":89,"text":148695},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147450,"depth":89,"text":147451,"children":148697},[148698],{"id":102561,"depth":254,"text":102562},{"id":11088,"depth":89,"text":11089},{"id":37645,"depth":89,"text":37646},{"id":40664,"depth":89,"text":40665},{"id":147973,"depth":89,"text":147974},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":148704},[148705,148707,148708,148710],{"id":148133,"depth":254,"text":148706},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58211,"depth":254,"text":58627},{"id":148329,"depth":254,"text":148709},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148342,"depth":254,"text":148343},{"id":148447,"depth":89,"text":148448},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":148713},[148714,148716,148718,148719,148721],{"id":148609,"depth":254,"text":148715},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148617,"depth":254,"text":148717},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148626,"depth":254,"text":148627},{"id":148634,"depth":254,"text":148720},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148643,"depth":254,"text":148722},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147321,"description":148724},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148731,"title":148732,"body":148733,"description":150420,"extension":1580,"meta":150421,"navigation":579,"path":150422,"seo":150423,"stem":150424,"__hash__":150425},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148734,"toc":150383},[148735,148738,148741,148750,148752,148882,148884,148945,148951,148953,148973,148977,148980,148983,149018,149020,149041,149044,149083,149085,149110,149117,149121,149124,149161,149163,149186,149189,149192,149204,149210,149214,149217,149223,149264,149266,149289,149292,149333,149335,149362,149364,149381,149383,149400,149403,149407,149410,149412,149446,149448,149495,149499,149538,149542,149545,149602,149604,149645,149651,149657,149662,149664,149701,149703,149723,149725,149758,149760,149793,149796,149800,149833,149835,149860,149863,149865,149879,149886,149888,149891,149895,149898,149933,149936,149971,149975,149978,150017,150020,150059,150063,150065,150095,150098,150105,150107,150139,150142,150174,150177,150208,150210,150227,150231,150234,150298,150300,150304,150311,150315,150318,150322,150325,150329,150332,150337,150343,150345,150380],[10,148736,148732],{"id":148737},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148739,148740],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148742,148743,148744,632,148748,307],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[303,148745,148747],{"href":148746},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[303,148749,147443],{"href":147442},[49,148751,52],{"id":51},[54,148753,148755],{"className":56,"code":148754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148756,148757,148777,148786,148800,148836,148840,148850,148860,148871],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148758,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148760,3211],{"class":382},[63,148762,386],{"class":270},[63,148764,8846],{"class":73},[63,148766,674],{"class":82},[63,148768,102],{"class":73},[63,148770,105],{"class":82},[63,148772,102],{"class":73},[63,148774,518],{"class":82},[63,148776,397],{"class":73},[63,148778,148779,148781,148783],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,148780,124307],{"class":382},[63,148782,386],{"class":270},[63,148784,148785],{"class":73}," ()\n",[63,148787,148788,148791,148793,148795,148797],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,148789,148790],{"class":382},"one_item ",[63,148792,386],{"class":270},[63,148794,8846],{"class":73},[63,148796,1750],{"class":82},[63,148798,148799],{"class":73},",)\n",[63,148801,148802,148805,148807,148810,148812,148814,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,148803,148804],{"class":382},"from_list ",[63,148806,386],{"class":270},[63,148808,148809],{"class":417}," tuple",[63,148811,2583],{"class":73},[63,148813,2455],{"class":448},[63,148815,303],{"class":452},[63,148817,2455],{"class":448},[63,148819,102],{"class":73},[63,148821,1375],{"class":448},[63,148823,4362],{"class":452},[63,148825,2455],{"class":448},[63,148827,102],{"class":73},[63,148829,1375],{"class":448},[63,148831,9350],{"class":452},[63,148833,2455],{"class":448},[63,148835,191],{"class":73},[63,148837,148838],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,148839,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,148841,148842,148844,148846,148848],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,148843,70],{"class":69},[63,148845,74],{"class":73},[63,148847,3243],{"class":181},[63,148849,397],{"class":73},[63,148851,148852,148854,148856,148858],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,148853,70],{"class":69},[63,148855,74],{"class":73},[63,148857,124358],{"class":181},[63,148859,397],{"class":73},[63,148861,148862,148864,148866,148869],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,148863,70],{"class":69},[63,148865,74],{"class":73},[63,148867,148868],{"class":181},"one_item",[63,148870,397],{"class":73},[63,148872,148873,148875,148877,148880],{"class":65,"line":6035},[63,148874,70],{"class":69},[63,148876,74],{"class":73},[63,148878,148879],{"class":181},"from_list",[63,148881,397],{"class":73},[20,148883,110],{},[54,148885,148887],{"className":56,"code":148886,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148888,148889,148905,148909,148917],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148890,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148892,74],{"class":73},[63,148894,674],{"class":82},[63,148896,102],{"class":73},[63,148898,105],{"class":82},[63,148900,102],{"class":73},[63,148902,518],{"class":82},[63,148904,397],{"class":73},[63,148906,148907],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,148908,8252],{"class":73},[63,148910,148911,148913,148915],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,148912,74],{"class":73},[63,148914,1750],{"class":82},[63,148916,148799],{"class":73},[63,148918,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,148920,74],{"class":73},[63,148922,456],{"class":448},[63,148924,303],{"class":452},[63,148926,456],{"class":448},[63,148928,102],{"class":73},[63,148930,449],{"class":448},[63,148932,4362],{"class":452},[63,148934,456],{"class":448},[63,148936,102],{"class":73},[63,148938,449],{"class":448},[63,148940,9350],{"class":452},[63,148942,456],{"class":448},[63,148944,397],{"class":73},[20,148946,148947,148948,307],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148949,148950],{},"(5,)",[49,148952,14781],{"id":14780},[30,148954,148955,148958,148961,148964,148967,148970],{},[33,148956,148957],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,148959,148960],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,148962,148963],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,148965,148966],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,148968,148969],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,148971,148972],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[49,148974,148976],{"id":148975},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148978,148979],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148981,148982],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[54,148984,148986],{"className":56,"code":148985,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148987,148988,149008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148989,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004,149006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148991,3211],{"class":382},[63,148993,386],{"class":270},[63,148995,8846],{"class":73},[63,148997,674],{"class":82},[63,148999,102],{"class":73},[63,149001,105],{"class":82},[63,149003,102],{"class":73},[63,149005,518],{"class":82},[63,149007,397],{"class":73},[63,149009,149010,149012,149014,149016],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149011,70],{"class":69},[63,149013,74],{"class":73},[63,149015,3243],{"class":181},[63,149017,397],{"class":73},[20,149019,110],{},[54,149021,149023],{"className":56,"code":149022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149024,149025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149026,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035,149037,149039],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149028,74],{"class":73},[63,149030,674],{"class":82},[63,149032,102],{"class":73},[63,149034,105],{"class":82},[63,149036,102],{"class":73},[63,149038,518],{"class":82},[63,149040,397],{"class":73},[20,149042,149043],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[54,149045,149047],{"className":56,"code":149046,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149048,149049,149073],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149050,149051,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149052,8775],{"class":382},[63,149054,386],{"class":270},[63,149056,8846],{"class":73},[63,149058,674],{"class":82},[63,149060,102],{"class":73},[63,149062,1375],{"class":448},[63,149064,3677],{"class":452},[63,149066,2455],{"class":448},[63,149068,102],{"class":73},[63,149070,3513],{"class":3448},[63,149072,397],{"class":73},[63,149074,149075,149077,149079,149081],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149076,70],{"class":69},[63,149078,74],{"class":73},[63,149080,8814],{"class":181},[63,149082,397],{"class":73},[20,149084,110],{},[54,149086,149088],{"className":56,"code":149087,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149089,149090],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149091,149092,149094,149096,149098,149100,149102,149104,149106,149108],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149093,74],{"class":73},[63,149095,674],{"class":82},[63,149097,102],{"class":73},[63,149099,449],{"class":448},[63,149101,3677],{"class":452},[63,149103,456],{"class":448},[63,149105,102],{"class":73},[63,149107,3513],{"class":3448},[63,149109,397],{"class":73},[20,149111,149112,149113,307],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[303,149114,149116],{"href":149115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[49,149118,149120],{"id":149119},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149122,149123],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[54,149125,149127],{"className":56,"code":149126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149128,149129,149137,149147],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149130,149131,149133,149135],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149132,124307],{"class":382},[63,149134,386],{"class":270},[63,149136,148785],{"class":73},[63,149138,149139,149141,149143,149145],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149140,70],{"class":69},[63,149142,74],{"class":73},[63,149144,124358],{"class":181},[63,149146,397],{"class":73},[63,149148,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,149150,70],{"class":69},[63,149152,74],{"class":73},[63,149154,418],{"class":417},[63,149156,74],{"class":73},[63,149158,124358],{"class":181},[63,149160,86],{"class":73},[20,149162,110],{},[54,149164,149166],{"className":56,"code":149165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149167,149168,149172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149169,149170],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149171,8252],{"class":73},[63,149173,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149175,441],{"class":270},[63,149177,445],{"class":444},[63,149179,449],{"class":448},[63,149181,48568],{"class":452},[63,149183,456],{"class":448},[63,149185,459],{"class":270},[20,149187,149188],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149190,149191],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149193,149194,149199],{},[33,149195,149196,149197],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149198,6971],{},[33,149200,149201,149202],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149203,3382],{},[20,149205,149206,149207,307],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[303,149208,149209],{"href":56771},"Python list: creating a list",[49,149211,149213],{"id":149212},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149215,149216],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149218,149219,149220,149222],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[833,149221,973],{}," automatically a tuple:",[54,149224,149226],{"className":56,"code":149225,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149227,149228,149240,149250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149229,149230,149232,149234,149236,149238],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149231,984],{"class":382},[63,149233,386],{"class":270},[63,149235,8846],{"class":73},[63,149237,1750],{"class":82},[63,149239,397],{"class":73},[63,149241,149242,149244,149246,149248],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149243,70],{"class":69},[63,149245,74],{"class":73},[63,149247,1002],{"class":181},[63,149249,397],{"class":73},[63,149251,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,149253,70],{"class":69},[63,149255,74],{"class":73},[63,149257,418],{"class":417},[63,149259,74],{"class":73},[63,149261,1002],{"class":181},[63,149263,86],{"class":73},[20,149265,110],{},[54,149267,149269],{"className":56,"code":149268,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149270,149271,149275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149272,149273],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149274,369],{"class":82},[63,149276,149277,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149278,441],{"class":270},[63,149280,445],{"class":444},[63,149282,449],{"class":448},[63,149284,453],{"class":452},[63,149286,456],{"class":448},[63,149288,459],{"class":270},[20,149290,149291],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[54,149293,149295],{"className":56,"code":149294,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149296,149297,149309,149319],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149298,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149300,148790],{"class":382},[63,149302,386],{"class":270},[63,149304,8846],{"class":73},[63,149306,1750],{"class":82},[63,149308,148799],{"class":73},[63,149310,149311,149313,149315,149317],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149312,70],{"class":69},[63,149314,74],{"class":73},[63,149316,148868],{"class":181},[63,149318,397],{"class":73},[63,149320,149321,149323,149325,149327,149329,149331],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,149322,70],{"class":69},[63,149324,74],{"class":73},[63,149326,418],{"class":417},[63,149328,74],{"class":73},[63,149330,148868],{"class":181},[63,149332,86],{"class":73},[20,149334,110],{},[54,149336,149338],{"className":56,"code":149337,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149339,149340,149348],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149341,149342,149344,149346],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149343,74],{"class":73},[63,149345,1750],{"class":82},[63,149347,148799],{"class":73},[63,149349,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149351,441],{"class":270},[63,149353,445],{"class":444},[63,149355,449],{"class":448},[63,149357,48568],{"class":452},[63,149359,456],{"class":448},[63,149361,459],{"class":270},[20,149363,16274],{},[54,149365,149367],{"className":56,"code":149366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149368,149369],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149370,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149372,74],{"class":73},[63,149374,2455],{"class":448},[63,149376,3677],{"class":452},[63,149378,2455],{"class":448},[63,149380,148799],{"class":73},[20,149382,16262],{},[54,149384,149386],{"className":56,"code":149385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149387,149388],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149389,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149391,74],{"class":73},[63,149393,2455],{"class":448},[63,149395,3677],{"class":452},[63,149397,2455],{"class":448},[63,149399,397],{"class":73},[20,149401,149402],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[49,149404,149406],{"id":149405},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149408,149409],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1193,149411,56079],{"id":3243},[54,149413,149414],{"className":56,"code":148985,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,149415,149416,149436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149417,149418,149420,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432,149434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149419,3211],{"class":382},[63,149421,386],{"class":270},[63,149423,8846],{"class":73},[63,149425,674],{"class":82},[63,149427,102],{"class":73},[63,149429,105],{"class":82},[63,149431,102],{"class":73},[63,149433,518],{"class":82},[63,149435,397],{"class":73},[63,149437,149438,149440,149442,149444],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149439,70],{"class":69},[63,149441,74],{"class":73},[63,149443,3243],{"class":181},[63,149445,397],{"class":73},[1193,149447,56082],{"id":4911},[54,149449,149451],{"className":56,"code":149450,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149452,149453,149485],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149454,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481,149483],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149456,12692],{"class":382},[63,149458,386],{"class":270},[63,149460,8846],{"class":73},[63,149462,2455],{"class":448},[63,149464,12709],{"class":452},[63,149466,2455],{"class":448},[63,149468,102],{"class":73},[63,149470,1375],{"class":448},[63,149472,17074],{"class":452},[63,149474,2455],{"class":448},[63,149476,102],{"class":73},[63,149478,1375],{"class":448},[63,149480,12726],{"class":452},[63,149482,2455],{"class":448},[63,149484,397],{"class":73},[63,149486,149487,149489,149491,149493],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149488,70],{"class":69},[63,149490,74],{"class":73},[63,149492,17121],{"class":181},[63,149494,397],{"class":73},[1193,149496,149498],{"id":149497},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[54,149500,149502],{"className":56,"code":149501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149503,149504,149528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149505,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149507,59091],{"class":382},[63,149509,386],{"class":270},[63,149511,8846],{"class":73},[63,149513,674],{"class":82},[63,149515,102],{"class":73},[63,149517,1375],{"class":448},[63,149519,3677],{"class":452},[63,149521,2455],{"class":448},[63,149523,102],{"class":73},[63,149525,3513],{"class":3448},[63,149527,397],{"class":73},[63,149529,149530,149532,149534,149536],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149531,70],{"class":69},[63,149533,74],{"class":73},[63,149535,59144],{"class":181},[63,149537,397],{"class":73},[1193,149539,149541],{"id":149540},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149543,149544],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[54,149546,149548],{"className":56,"code":149547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149549,149550,149591],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149551,149552,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149553,149554],{"class":382},"nested ",[63,149556,386],{"class":270},[63,149558,8846],{"class":73},[63,149560,674],{"class":82},[63,149562,102],{"class":73},[63,149564,8846],{"class":73},[63,149566,2455],{"class":448},[63,149568,303],{"class":452},[63,149570,2455],{"class":448},[63,149572,102],{"class":73},[63,149574,1375],{"class":448},[63,149576,4362],{"class":452},[63,149578,2455],{"class":448},[63,149580,8843],{"class":73},[63,149582,3216],{"class":73},[63,149584,1940],{"class":82},[63,149586,102],{"class":73},[63,149588,7397],{"class":82},[63,149590,191],{"class":73},[63,149592,149593,149595,149597,149600],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149594,70],{"class":69},[63,149596,74],{"class":73},[63,149598,149599],{"class":181},"nested",[63,149601,397],{"class":73},[20,149603,110],{},[54,149605,149607],{"className":56,"code":149606,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149608,149609],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149610,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149612,74],{"class":73},[63,149614,674],{"class":82},[63,149616,102],{"class":73},[63,149618,8846],{"class":73},[63,149620,456],{"class":448},[63,149622,303],{"class":452},[63,149624,456],{"class":448},[63,149626,102],{"class":73},[63,149628,449],{"class":448},[63,149630,4362],{"class":452},[63,149632,456],{"class":448},[63,149634,8843],{"class":73},[63,149636,3216],{"class":73},[63,149638,1940],{"class":82},[63,149640,102],{"class":73},[63,149642,7397],{"class":82},[63,149644,191],{"class":73},[49,149646,149648,149649],{"id":149647},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149650,37672],{},[20,149652,149653,149654,149656],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149655,37672],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149658,149659,149660,307],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[303,149661,62837],{"href":62836},[1193,149663,104702],{"id":104701},[54,149665,149667],{"className":56,"code":149666,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149668,149669,149691],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149670,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149672,3211],{"class":382},[63,149674,386],{"class":270},[63,149676,148809],{"class":417},[63,149678,2583],{"class":73},[63,149680,674],{"class":82},[63,149682,102],{"class":73},[63,149684,105],{"class":82},[63,149686,102],{"class":73},[63,149688,518],{"class":82},[63,149690,191],{"class":73},[63,149692,149693,149695,149697,149699],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149694,70],{"class":69},[63,149696,74],{"class":73},[63,149698,3243],{"class":181},[63,149700,397],{"class":73},[20,149702,110],{},[54,149704,149705],{"className":56,"code":149022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,149706,149707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149708,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149710,74],{"class":73},[63,149712,674],{"class":82},[63,149714,102],{"class":73},[63,149716,105],{"class":82},[63,149718,102],{"class":73},[63,149720,518],{"class":82},[63,149722,397],{"class":73},[1193,149724,104888],{"id":104887},[54,149726,149728],{"className":56,"code":149727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149729,149730,149748],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149731,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744,149746],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149733,35714],{"class":382},[63,149735,386],{"class":270},[63,149737,148809],{"class":417},[63,149739,74],{"class":73},[63,149741,2455],{"class":448},[63,149743,41177],{"class":452},[63,149745,2455],{"class":448},[63,149747,397],{"class":73},[63,149749,149750,149752,149754,149756],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149751,70],{"class":69},[63,149753,74],{"class":73},[63,149755,35767],{"class":181},[63,149757,397],{"class":73},[20,149759,110],{},[54,149761,149763],{"className":56,"code":149762,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149764,149765],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149766,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149768,74],{"class":73},[63,149770,456],{"class":448},[63,149772,303],{"class":452},[63,149774,456],{"class":448},[63,149776,102],{"class":73},[63,149778,449],{"class":448},[63,149780,4362],{"class":452},[63,149782,456],{"class":448},[63,149784,102],{"class":73},[63,149786,449],{"class":448},[63,149788,9350],{"class":452},[63,149790,456],{"class":448},[63,149792,397],{"class":73},[20,149794,149795],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1193,149797,149799],{"id":149798},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[54,149801,149803],{"className":56,"code":149802,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149804,149805,149823],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149806,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819,149821],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149808,3418],{"class":382},[63,149810,386],{"class":270},[63,149812,148809],{"class":417},[63,149814,74],{"class":73},[63,149816,59617],{"class":69},[63,149818,74],{"class":73},[63,149820,952],{"class":82},[63,149822,86],{"class":73},[63,149824,149825,149827,149829,149831],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149826,70],{"class":69},[63,149828,74],{"class":73},[63,149830,4961],{"class":181},[63,149832,397],{"class":73},[20,149834,110],{},[54,149836,149838],{"className":56,"code":149837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149839,149840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149841,149842,149844,149846,149848,149850,149852,149854,149856,149858],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149843,74],{"class":73},[63,149845,1734],{"class":82},[63,149847,102],{"class":73},[63,149849,249],{"class":82},[63,149851,102],{"class":73},[63,149853,105],{"class":82},[63,149855,102],{"class":73},[63,149857,518],{"class":82},[63,149859,397],{"class":73},[20,149861,149862],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[49,149864,20420],{"id":20419},[30,149866,149867,149870,149873,149876],{},[33,149868,149869],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,149871,149872],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,149874,149875],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,149877,149878],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149880,149881,149882,307],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[303,149883,149885],{"href":149884},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[49,149887,1186],{"id":1185},[20,149889,149890],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1193,149892,149894],{"id":149893},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149896,149897],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[54,149899,149901],{"className":56,"code":149900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149902,149903,149919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149904,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149906,28158],{"class":382},[63,149908,386],{"class":270},[63,149910,8846],{"class":73},[63,149912,2455],{"class":448},[63,149914,3677],{"class":452},[63,149916,2455],{"class":448},[63,149918,397],{"class":73},[63,149920,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149922,70],{"class":69},[63,149924,74],{"class":73},[63,149926,418],{"class":417},[63,149928,74],{"class":73},[63,149930,22930],{"class":181},[63,149932,86],{"class":73},[20,149934,149935],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[54,149937,149939],{"className":56,"code":149938,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149940,149941,149957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149942,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149944,28158],{"class":382},[63,149946,386],{"class":270},[63,149948,8846],{"class":73},[63,149950,2455],{"class":448},[63,149952,3677],{"class":452},[63,149954,2455],{"class":448},[63,149956,148799],{"class":73},[63,149958,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,149960,70],{"class":69},[63,149962,74],{"class":73},[63,149964,418],{"class":417},[63,149966,74],{"class":73},[63,149968,22930],{"class":181},[63,149970,86],{"class":73},[1193,149972,149974],{"id":149973},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149976,149977],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[54,149979,149981],{"className":56,"code":149980,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149982,149983,150003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149984,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149986,3418],{"class":382},[63,149988,386],{"class":270},[63,149990,3216],{"class":73},[63,149992,674],{"class":82},[63,149994,102],{"class":73},[63,149996,105],{"class":82},[63,149998,102],{"class":73},[63,150000,518],{"class":82},[63,150002,3229],{"class":73},[63,150004,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150006,70],{"class":69},[63,150008,74],{"class":73},[63,150010,418],{"class":417},[63,150012,74],{"class":73},[63,150014,4961],{"class":181},[63,150016,86],{"class":73},[20,150018,150019],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[54,150021,150023],{"className":56,"code":150022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150024,150025,150045],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150026,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150028,3418],{"class":382},[63,150030,386],{"class":270},[63,150032,8846],{"class":73},[63,150034,674],{"class":82},[63,150036,102],{"class":73},[63,150038,105],{"class":82},[63,150040,102],{"class":73},[63,150042,518],{"class":82},[63,150044,397],{"class":73},[63,150046,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150048,70],{"class":69},[63,150050,74],{"class":73},[63,150052,418],{"class":417},[63,150054,74],{"class":73},[63,150056,4961],{"class":181},[63,150058,86],{"class":73},[1193,150060,150062],{"id":150061},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150064,149875],{},[54,150066,150068],{"className":56,"code":150067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150069,150070,150090],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150071,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086,150088],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150073,3211],{"class":382},[63,150075,386],{"class":270},[63,150077,8846],{"class":73},[63,150079,674],{"class":82},[63,150081,102],{"class":73},[63,150083,105],{"class":82},[63,150085,102],{"class":73},[63,150087,518],{"class":82},[63,150089,397],{"class":73},[63,150091,150092],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150093,150094],{"class":1357},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150096,150097],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1193,150099,36829,150101,150104],{"id":150100},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150102,150103],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150106,64263],{},[54,150108,150109],{"className":56,"code":149727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,150110,150111,150129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150112,150113,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150114,35714],{"class":382},[63,150116,386],{"class":270},[63,150118,148809],{"class":417},[63,150120,74],{"class":73},[63,150122,2455],{"class":448},[63,150124,41177],{"class":452},[63,150126,2455],{"class":448},[63,150128,397],{"class":73},[63,150130,150131,150133,150135,150137],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150132,70],{"class":69},[63,150134,74],{"class":73},[63,150136,35767],{"class":181},[63,150138,397],{"class":73},[20,150140,150141],{},"gives:",[54,150143,150144],{"className":56,"code":149762,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,150145,150146],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150147,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150149,74],{"class":73},[63,150151,456],{"class":448},[63,150153,303],{"class":452},[63,150155,456],{"class":448},[63,150157,102],{"class":73},[63,150159,449],{"class":448},[63,150161,4362],{"class":452},[63,150163,456],{"class":448},[63,150165,102],{"class":73},[63,150167,449],{"class":448},[63,150169,9350],{"class":452},[63,150171,456],{"class":448},[63,150173,397],{"class":73},[20,150175,150176],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[54,150178,150180],{"className":56,"code":150179,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150181,150182,150198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150183,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194,150196],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150185,5757],{"class":382},[63,150187,386],{"class":270},[63,150189,8846],{"class":73},[63,150191,2455],{"class":448},[63,150193,41177],{"class":452},[63,150195,2455],{"class":448},[63,150197,148799],{"class":73},[63,150199,150200,150202,150204,150206],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150201,70],{"class":69},[63,150203,74],{"class":73},[63,150205,38017],{"class":181},[63,150207,397],{"class":73},[20,150209,110],{},[54,150211,150213],{"className":56,"code":150212,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('abc',)\n",[15,150214,150215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150216,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150218,74],{"class":73},[63,150220,456],{"class":448},[63,150222,41177],{"class":452},[63,150224,456],{"class":448},[63,150226,148799],{"class":73},[1193,150228,150230],{"id":150229},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150232,150233],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[54,150235,150237],{"className":56,"code":150236,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150238,150239,150256,150260,150270,150284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150240,150241,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150242,150243],{"class":382},"my_tuple ",[63,150245,386],{"class":270},[63,150247,8846],{"class":73},[63,150249,2455],{"class":448},[63,150251,3677],{"class":452},[63,150253,2455],{"class":448},[63,150255,148799],{"class":73},[63,150257,150258],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150259,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,150261,150262,150264,150266,150268],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,150263,70],{"class":69},[63,150265,74],{"class":73},[63,150267,147461],{"class":181},[63,150269,397],{"class":73},[63,150271,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,150273,70],{"class":69},[63,150275,74],{"class":73},[63,150277,418],{"class":417},[63,150279,74],{"class":73},[63,150281,147461],{"class":181},[63,150283,86],{"class":73},[63,150285,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,150287,70],{"class":69},[63,150289,74],{"class":73},[63,150291,10774],{"class":69},[63,150293,74],{"class":73},[63,150295,147461],{"class":181},[63,150297,86],{"class":73},[49,150299,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,150301,150303],{"id":150302},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150305,150306,150307,150310],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150308,150309],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1193,150312,150314],{"id":150313},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150316,150317],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1193,150319,150321],{"id":150320},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150323,150324],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1193,150326,150328],{"id":150327},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150330,150331],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1193,150333,4744,150335,12331],{"id":150334},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150336,150103],{},[20,150338,4750,150339,150342],{},[15,150340,150341],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[49,150344,1517],{"id":1516},[30,150346,150347,150351,150355,150361,150366,150371,150375],{},[33,150348,150349],{},[303,150350,147443],{"href":147442},[33,150352,150353],{},[303,150354,149116],{"href":149115},[33,150356,150357],{},[303,150358,150360],{"href":150359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150362,150363],{},[303,150364,150365],{"href":148681},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150367,150368],{},[303,150369,150370],{"href":148746},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150372,150373],{},[303,150374,62837],{"href":62836},[33,150376,150377],{},[303,150378,150379],{"href":149884},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1542,150381,150382],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":150384},[150385,150386,150387,150388,150389,150390,150396,150402,150403,150411,150419],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":14780,"depth":89,"text":14781},{"id":148975,"depth":89,"text":148976},{"id":149119,"depth":89,"text":149120},{"id":149212,"depth":89,"text":149213},{"id":149405,"depth":89,"text":149406,"children":150391},[150392,150393,150394,150395],{"id":3243,"depth":254,"text":56079},{"id":4911,"depth":254,"text":56082},{"id":149497,"depth":254,"text":149498},{"id":149540,"depth":254,"text":149541},{"id":149647,"depth":89,"text":150397,"children":150398},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150399,150400,150401],{"id":104701,"depth":254,"text":104702},{"id":104887,"depth":254,"text":104888},{"id":149798,"depth":254,"text":149799},{"id":20419,"depth":89,"text":20420},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":150404},[150405,150406,150407,150408,150410],{"id":149893,"depth":254,"text":149894},{"id":149973,"depth":254,"text":149974},{"id":150061,"depth":254,"text":150062},{"id":150100,"depth":254,"text":150409},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150229,"depth":254,"text":150230},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":150412},[150413,150414,150415,150416,150417],{"id":150302,"depth":254,"text":150303},{"id":150313,"depth":254,"text":150314},{"id":150320,"depth":254,"text":150321},{"id":150327,"depth":254,"text":150328},{"id":150334,"depth":254,"text":150418},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148732,"description":150420},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150427,"title":150428,"body":150429,"description":151974,"extension":1580,"meta":151975,"navigation":579,"path":151976,"seo":151977,"stem":151978,"__hash__":151979},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150430,"toc":151944},[150431,150434,150439,150441,150454,150460,150462,150529,150531,150566,150571,150575,150579,150581,150592,150600,150602,150604,150625,150627,150647,150650,150652,150657,150700,150702,150724,150727,150740,150744,150748,150751,150804,150806,150827,150832,150836,150839,150884,150886,150919,150931,150935,150943,150980,150982,151011,151015,151018,151071,151073,151093,151100,151104,151109,151178,151180,151205,151209,151212,151218,151295,151297,151356,151358,151370,151375,151379,151383,151397,151399,151434,151436,151453,151456,151469,151473,151477,151488,151493,151508,151511,151514,151516,151519,151523,151525,151539,151541,151565,151570,151574,151577,151596,151599,151648,151653,151670,151673,151706,151710,151712,151763,151766,151791,151794,151817,151821,151827,151829,151864,151867,151872,151874,151878,151881,151885,151890,151894,151897,151901,151904,151908,151913,151915,151941],[10,150432,150428],{"id":150433},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150435,22,150436,150438],{},[15,150437,37672],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150440,82207],{},[30,150442,150443,150448],{},[33,150444,150445,150447],{},[15,150446,37672],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150449,150450,150453],{},[15,150451,150452],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150455,150456,150457,150459],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150458,37672],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[49,150461,52],{"id":51},[54,150463,150465],{"className":56,"code":150464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150466,150467,150487,150501,150505,150515],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150468,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481,150483,150485],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150470,3211],{"class":382},[63,150472,386],{"class":270},[63,150474,3216],{"class":73},[63,150476,674],{"class":82},[63,150478,102],{"class":73},[63,150480,105],{"class":82},[63,150482,102],{"class":73},[63,150484,518],{"class":82},[63,150486,3229],{"class":73},[63,150488,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150490,383],{"class":382},[63,150492,386],{"class":270},[63,150494,148809],{"class":417},[63,150496,74],{"class":73},[63,150498,3243],{"class":181},[63,150500,397],{"class":73},[63,150502,150503],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,150504,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,150506,150507,150509,150511,150513],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,150508,70],{"class":69},[63,150510,74],{"class":73},[63,150512,406],{"class":181},[63,150514,397],{"class":73},[63,150516,150517,150519,150521,150523,150525,150527],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,150518,70],{"class":69},[63,150520,74],{"class":73},[63,150522,418],{"class":417},[63,150524,74],{"class":73},[63,150526,406],{"class":181},[63,150528,86],{"class":73},[20,150530,110],{},[54,150532,150534],{"className":56,"code":150533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150535,150536,150552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150537,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150539,74],{"class":73},[63,150541,674],{"class":82},[63,150543,102],{"class":73},[63,150545,105],{"class":82},[63,150547,102],{"class":73},[63,150549,518],{"class":82},[63,150551,397],{"class":73},[63,150553,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150555,441],{"class":270},[63,150557,445],{"class":444},[63,150559,449],{"class":448},[63,150561,48568],{"class":452},[63,150563,456],{"class":448},[63,150565,459],{"class":270},[20,150567,128,150568,150570],{},[15,150569,150452],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[49,150572,150574],{"id":150573},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150576,150577,62545],{},[15,150578,37672],{},[20,150580,48542],{},[30,150582,150583,150586,150589],{},[33,150584,150585],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,150587,150588],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,150590,150591],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150593,150594,150595,150597,150598,307],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[303,150596,148747],{"href":148746}," or the full guide to ",[303,150599,147443],{"href":147442},[49,150601,164],{"id":163},[20,150603,26107],{},[54,150605,150607],{"className":56,"code":150606,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150608,150609,150615],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150610,150611,150613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150612,48568],{"class":417},[63,150614,8252],{"class":73},[63,150616,150617,150619,150621,150623],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150618,48568],{"class":417},[63,150620,74],{"class":73},[63,150622,3315],{"class":181},[63,150624,397],{"class":73},[20,150626,11072],{},[30,150628,150629,150632],{},[33,150630,150631],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,150633,150634,150635],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,150636,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645],{},[33,150638,4902],{},[33,150640,4911],{},[33,150642,62616],{},[33,150644,4908],{},[33,150646,6856],{},[20,150648,150649],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[49,150651,149120],{"id":149119},[20,150653,29270,150654,150656],{},[15,150655,37672],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[54,150658,150660],{"className":56,"code":150659,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150661,150662,150672,150676,150686],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150663,150664,150666,150668,150670],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150665,124307],{"class":382},[63,150667,386],{"class":270},[63,150669,148809],{"class":417},[63,150671,8252],{"class":73},[63,150673,150674],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150675,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,150677,150678,150680,150682,150684],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,150679,70],{"class":69},[63,150681,74],{"class":73},[63,150683,124358],{"class":181},[63,150685,397],{"class":73},[63,150687,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,150689,70],{"class":69},[63,150691,74],{"class":73},[63,150693,418],{"class":417},[63,150695,74],{"class":73},[63,150697,124358],{"class":181},[63,150699,86],{"class":73},[20,150701,110],{},[54,150703,150704],{"className":56,"code":149165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,150705,150706,150710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150707,150708],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150709,8252],{"class":73},[63,150711,150712,150714,150716,150718,150720,150722],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150713,441],{"class":270},[63,150715,445],{"class":444},[63,150717,449],{"class":448},[63,150719,48568],{"class":452},[63,150721,456],{"class":448},[63,150723,459],{"class":270},[20,150725,150726],{},"This is equivalent to:",[54,150728,150730],{"className":56,"code":150729,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = ()\n",[15,150731,150732],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150733,150734,150736,150738],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150735,124307],{"class":382},[63,150737,386],{"class":270},[63,150739,148785],{"class":73},[49,150741,150743],{"id":150742},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1193,150745,150747],{"id":150746},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150749,150750],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[54,150752,150754],{"className":56,"code":150753,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150755,150756,150776,150790,150794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150757,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150759,3211],{"class":382},[63,150761,386],{"class":270},[63,150763,3216],{"class":73},[63,150765,1940],{"class":82},[63,150767,102],{"class":73},[63,150769,7397],{"class":82},[63,150771,102],{"class":73},[63,150773,7402],{"class":82},[63,150775,3229],{"class":73},[63,150777,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786,150788],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150779,383],{"class":382},[63,150781,386],{"class":270},[63,150783,148809],{"class":417},[63,150785,74],{"class":73},[63,150787,3243],{"class":181},[63,150789,397],{"class":73},[63,150791,150792],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,150793,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,150795,150796,150798,150800,150802],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,150797,70],{"class":69},[63,150799,74],{"class":73},[63,150801,406],{"class":181},[63,150803,397],{"class":73},[20,150805,110],{},[54,150807,150809],{"className":56,"code":150808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150810,150811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150812,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150814,74],{"class":73},[63,150816,1940],{"class":82},[63,150818,102],{"class":73},[63,150820,7397],{"class":82},[63,150822,102],{"class":73},[63,150824,7402],{"class":82},[63,150826,397],{"class":73},[20,150828,150829,150830,307],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[303,150831,104507],{"href":59674},[1193,150833,150835],{"id":150834},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150837,150838],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[54,150840,150842],{"className":56,"code":150841,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150843,150844,150856,150870,150874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150845,150846,150848,150850,150852,150854],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150847,1370],{"class":382},[63,150849,386],{"class":270},[63,150851,1375],{"class":448},[63,150853,36672],{"class":452},[63,150855,1381],{"class":448},[63,150857,150858,150860,150862,150864,150866,150868],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150859,383],{"class":382},[63,150861,386],{"class":270},[63,150863,148809],{"class":417},[63,150865,74],{"class":73},[63,150867,1396],{"class":181},[63,150869,397],{"class":73},[63,150871,150872],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,150873,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,150875,150876,150878,150880,150882],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,150877,70],{"class":69},[63,150879,74],{"class":73},[63,150881,406],{"class":181},[63,150883,397],{"class":73},[20,150885,110],{},[54,150887,150889],{"className":56,"code":150888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150890,150891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150892,150893,150895,150897,150899,150901,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150894,74],{"class":73},[63,150896,456],{"class":448},[63,150898,9350],{"class":452},[63,150900,456],{"class":448},[63,150902,102],{"class":73},[63,150904,449],{"class":448},[63,150906,303],{"class":452},[63,150908,456],{"class":448},[63,150910,102],{"class":73},[63,150912,449],{"class":448},[63,150914,62906],{"class":452},[63,150916,456],{"class":448},[63,150918,397],{"class":73},[20,150920,150921,150922,13671,150925,150927,150928,307],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150923,150924],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[833,150926,973],{}," create ",[15,150929,150930],{},"('cat',)",[1193,150932,150934],{"id":150933},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150936,150937,150939,150940,150942],{},[15,150938,35822],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150941,37672],{}," collects them all.",[54,150944,150946],{"className":56,"code":150945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150947,150948,150966,150970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150949,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150951,383],{"class":382},[63,150953,386],{"class":270},[63,150955,148809],{"class":417},[63,150957,74],{"class":73},[63,150959,59617],{"class":69},[63,150961,74],{"class":73},[63,150963,1750],{"class":82},[63,150965,86],{"class":73},[63,150967,150968],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,150969,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,150971,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,150973,70],{"class":69},[63,150975,74],{"class":73},[63,150977,406],{"class":181},[63,150979,397],{"class":73},[20,150981,110],{},[54,150983,150985],{"className":56,"code":150984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150986,150987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150988,150989,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150990,74],{"class":73},[63,150992,1734],{"class":82},[63,150994,102],{"class":73},[63,150996,249],{"class":82},[63,150998,102],{"class":73},[63,151000,105],{"class":82},[63,151002,102],{"class":73},[63,151004,518],{"class":82},[63,151006,102],{"class":73},[63,151008,2061],{"class":82},[63,151010,397],{"class":73},[1193,151012,151014],{"id":151013},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151016,151017],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[54,151019,151021],{"className":56,"code":151020,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151022,151023,151043,151057,151061],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151024,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151026,3418],{"class":382},[63,151028,386],{"class":270},[63,151030,10102],{"class":73},[63,151032,674],{"class":82},[63,151034,102],{"class":73},[63,151036,105],{"class":82},[63,151038,102],{"class":73},[63,151040,518],{"class":82},[63,151042,8919],{"class":73},[63,151044,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053,151055],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,151046,383],{"class":382},[63,151048,386],{"class":270},[63,151050,148809],{"class":417},[63,151052,74],{"class":73},[63,151054,4961],{"class":181},[63,151056,397],{"class":73},[63,151058,151059],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,151060,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,151062,151063,151065,151067,151069],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,151064,70],{"class":69},[63,151066,74],{"class":73},[63,151068,406],{"class":181},[63,151070,397],{"class":73},[20,151072,110],{},[54,151074,151075],{"className":56,"code":149022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,151076,151077],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151078,151079,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151080,74],{"class":73},[63,151082,674],{"class":82},[63,151084,102],{"class":73},[63,151086,105],{"class":82},[63,151088,102],{"class":73},[63,151090,518],{"class":82},[63,151092,397],{"class":73},[20,151094,151095,151096,307],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[303,151097,151099],{"href":151098},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1193,151101,151103],{"id":151102},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151105,63159,151106,151108],{},[15,151107,37672],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[54,151110,151112],{"className":56,"code":151111,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151113,151114,151150,151164,151168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151115,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151117,12821],{"class":382},[63,151119,386],{"class":270},[63,151121,10102],{"class":73},[63,151123,2455],{"class":448},[63,151125,7274],{"class":452},[63,151127,2455],{"class":448},[63,151129,2482],{"class":73},[63,151131,1375],{"class":448},[63,151133,12496],{"class":452},[63,151135,2455],{"class":448},[63,151137,102],{"class":73},[63,151139,1375],{"class":448},[63,151141,8909],{"class":452},[63,151143,2455],{"class":448},[63,151145,2482],{"class":73},[63,151147,8916],{"class":82},[63,151149,8919],{"class":73},[63,151151,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,151153,383],{"class":382},[63,151155,386],{"class":270},[63,151157,148809],{"class":417},[63,151159,74],{"class":73},[63,151161,16925],{"class":181},[63,151163,397],{"class":73},[63,151165,151166],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,151167,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,151169,151170,151172,151174,151176],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,151171,70],{"class":69},[63,151173,74],{"class":73},[63,151175,406],{"class":181},[63,151177,397],{"class":73},[20,151179,29650],{},[54,151181,151183],{"className":56,"code":151182,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151184,151185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151186,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197,151199,151201,151203],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151188,74],{"class":73},[63,151190,456],{"class":448},[63,151192,7274],{"class":452},[63,151194,456],{"class":448},[63,151196,102],{"class":73},[63,151198,449],{"class":448},[63,151200,8909],{"class":452},[63,151202,456],{"class":448},[63,151204,397],{"class":73},[49,151206,151208],{"id":151207},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151210,151211],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151213,151214,151217],{},[15,151215,151216],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[54,151219,151221],{"className":56,"code":151220,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151222,151223,151259,151263,151277],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151224,151225,151227,151229,151231,151233,151235,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151226,12821],{"class":382},[63,151228,386],{"class":270},[63,151230,10102],{"class":73},[63,151232,2455],{"class":448},[63,151234,7274],{"class":452},[63,151236,2455],{"class":448},[63,151238,2482],{"class":73},[63,151240,1375],{"class":448},[63,151242,12496],{"class":452},[63,151244,2455],{"class":448},[63,151246,102],{"class":73},[63,151248,1375],{"class":448},[63,151250,8909],{"class":452},[63,151252,2455],{"class":448},[63,151254,2482],{"class":73},[63,151256,8916],{"class":82},[63,151258,8919],{"class":73},[63,151260,151261],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,151262,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,151264,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273,151275],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,151266,70],{"class":69},[63,151268,74],{"class":73},[63,151270,48568],{"class":417},[63,151272,74],{"class":73},[63,151274,16925],{"class":181},[63,151276,86],{"class":73},[63,151278,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,151280,70],{"class":69},[63,151282,74],{"class":73},[63,151284,48568],{"class":417},[63,151286,74],{"class":73},[63,151288,16925],{"class":181},[63,151290,307],{"class":73},[63,151292,7417],{"class":181},[63,151294,5893],{"class":73},[20,151296,110],{},[54,151298,151300],{"className":56,"code":151299,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151301,151302,151322],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151303,151304,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318,151320],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151305,74],{"class":73},[63,151307,456],{"class":448},[63,151309,7274],{"class":452},[63,151311,456],{"class":448},[63,151313,102],{"class":73},[63,151315,449],{"class":448},[63,151317,8909],{"class":452},[63,151319,456],{"class":448},[63,151321,397],{"class":73},[63,151323,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,151325,5112],{"class":73},[63,151327,456],{"class":448},[63,151329,7274],{"class":452},[63,151331,456],{"class":448},[63,151333,102],{"class":73},[63,151335,449],{"class":448},[63,151337,12496],{"class":452},[63,151339,456],{"class":448},[63,151341,8843],{"class":73},[63,151343,8846],{"class":73},[63,151345,456],{"class":448},[63,151347,8909],{"class":452},[63,151349,456],{"class":448},[63,151351,102],{"class":73},[63,151353,8916],{"class":82},[63,151355,86],{"class":73},[20,151357,18314],{},[30,151359,151360,151365],{},[33,151361,151362,151364],{},[15,151363,151216],{}," for keys",[33,151366,151367,32179],{},[15,151368,151369],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151371,151372,151373,307],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[303,151374,63169],{"href":63168},[49,151376,151378],{"id":151377},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151380,151381,17938],{},[15,151382,37672],{},[30,151384,151385,151388,151391,151394],{},[33,151386,151387],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151389,151390],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151392,151393],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151395,151396],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151398,1820],{},[54,151400,151402],{"className":56,"code":151401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151403,151404,151423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151405,151406,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151407,151408],{"class":382},"coordinates ",[63,151410,386],{"class":270},[63,151412,148809],{"class":417},[63,151414,2583],{"class":73},[63,151416,952],{"class":82},[63,151418,102],{"class":73},[63,151420,5596],{"class":82},[63,151422,191],{"class":73},[63,151424,151425,151427,151429,151432],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,151426,70],{"class":69},[63,151428,74],{"class":73},[63,151430,151431],{"class":181},"coordinates",[63,151433,397],{"class":73},[20,151435,110],{},[54,151437,151439],{"className":56,"code":151438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151440,151441],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151442,151443,151445,151447,151449,151451],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151444,74],{"class":73},[63,151446,952],{"class":82},[63,151448,102],{"class":73},[63,151450,5596],{"class":82},[63,151452,397],{"class":73},[20,151454,151455],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151457,151458,151460,151463,151466],{},[33,151459,151431],{},[33,151461,151462],{},"RGB colors",[33,151464,151465],{},"dates",[33,151467,151468],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[49,151470,151472],{"id":151471},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151474,44046,151475,10213],{},[15,151476,37672],{},[30,151478,151479,151482,151485],{},[33,151480,151481],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,151483,151484],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,151486,151487],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151489,115934,151490,151492],{},[833,151491,973],{}," work:",[54,151494,151496],{"className":56,"code":151495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151497,151498],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151499,151500,151502,151504,151506],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151501,48568],{"class":417},[63,151503,74],{"class":73},[63,151505,1750],{"class":82},[63,151507,397],{"class":73},[20,151509,151510],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151512,151513],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[49,151515,114772],{"id":114771},[20,151517,151518],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1193,151520,151522],{"id":151521},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151524,2437],{},[54,151526,151527],{"className":56,"code":151495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,151528,151529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151530,151531,151533,151535,151537],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151532,48568],{"class":417},[63,151534,74],{"class":73},[63,151536,1750],{"class":82},[63,151538,397],{"class":73},[20,151540,29301],{},[54,151542,151543],{"className":56,"code":63273,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,151544,151545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151546,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151548,2602],{"class":417},[63,151550,2482],{"class":73},[63,151552,449],{"class":448},[63,151554,453],{"class":452},[63,151556,456],{"class":448},[63,151558,24237],{"class":417},[63,151560,7705],{"class":270},[63,151562,7708],{"class":270},[63,151564,63296],{"class":382},[20,151566,151567,151568,307],{},"If you see this, read ",[303,151569,61910],{"href":52216},[1193,151571,151573],{"id":151572},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151575,151576],{},"This code:",[54,151578,151580],{"className":56,"code":151579,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151581,151582],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151583,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151585,48568],{"class":417},[63,151587,74],{"class":73},[63,151589,2455],{"class":448},[63,151591,3441],{"class":452},[63,151593,2455],{"class":448},[63,151595,397],{"class":73},[20,151597,151598],{},"returns:",[54,151600,151602],{"className":56,"code":151601,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151603,151604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151605,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151607,74],{"class":73},[63,151609,456],{"class":448},[63,151611,60057],{"class":452},[63,151613,456],{"class":448},[63,151615,102],{"class":73},[63,151617,449],{"class":448},[63,151619,60066],{"class":452},[63,151621,456],{"class":448},[63,151623,102],{"class":73},[63,151625,449],{"class":448},[63,151627,60075],{"class":452},[63,151629,456],{"class":448},[63,151631,102],{"class":73},[63,151633,449],{"class":448},[63,151635,60075],{"class":452},[63,151637,456],{"class":448},[63,151639,102],{"class":73},[63,151641,449],{"class":448},[63,151643,60092],{"class":452},[63,151645,456],{"class":448},[63,151647,397],{"class":73},[20,151649,970,151650,151652],{},[833,151651,973],{}," return:",[54,151654,151656],{"className":56,"code":151655,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('hello',)\n",[15,151657,151658],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151659,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151661,74],{"class":73},[63,151663,456],{"class":448},[63,151665,3441],{"class":452},[63,151667,456],{"class":448},[63,151669,148799],{"class":73},[20,151671,151672],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[54,151674,151676],{"className":56,"code":151675,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151677,151678,151695],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151679,151680,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151681,151682],{"class":382},"single ",[63,151684,386],{"class":270},[63,151686,8846],{"class":73},[63,151688,2455],{"class":448},[63,151690,3441],{"class":452},[63,151692,2455],{"class":448},[63,151694,148799],{"class":73},[63,151696,151697,151699,151701,151704],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,151698,70],{"class":69},[63,151700,74],{"class":73},[63,151702,151703],{"class":181},"single",[63,151705,397],{"class":73},[1193,151707,151709],{"id":151708},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151711,151576],{},[54,151713,151715],{"className":56,"code":151714,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151716,151717,151749],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151718,151719,151721,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745,151747],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151720,8775],{"class":382},[63,151722,386],{"class":270},[63,151724,10102],{"class":73},[63,151726,2455],{"class":448},[63,151728,303],{"class":452},[63,151730,2455],{"class":448},[63,151732,2482],{"class":73},[63,151734,249],{"class":82},[63,151736,102],{"class":73},[63,151738,1375],{"class":448},[63,151740,4362],{"class":452},[63,151742,2455],{"class":448},[63,151744,2482],{"class":73},[63,151746,105],{"class":82},[63,151748,8919],{"class":73},[63,151750,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,151752,70],{"class":69},[63,151754,74],{"class":73},[63,151756,48568],{"class":417},[63,151758,74],{"class":73},[63,151760,8814],{"class":181},[63,151762,86],{"class":73},[20,151764,151765],{},"returns only the keys:",[54,151767,151769],{"className":56,"code":151768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151770,151771],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151772,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151774,74],{"class":73},[63,151776,456],{"class":448},[63,151778,303],{"class":452},[63,151780,456],{"class":448},[63,151782,102],{"class":73},[63,151784,449],{"class":448},[63,151786,4362],{"class":452},[63,151788,456],{"class":448},[63,151790,397],{"class":73},[20,151792,151793],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[54,151795,151797],{"className":56,"code":151796,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151798,151799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151800,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151802,70],{"class":69},[63,151804,74],{"class":73},[63,151806,48568],{"class":417},[63,151808,74],{"class":73},[63,151810,8814],{"class":181},[63,151812,307],{"class":73},[63,151814,7417],{"class":181},[63,151816,5893],{"class":73},[1193,151818,151820],{"id":151819},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151822,151823,151824,151826],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151825,37672],{}," conversion.",[20,151828,777],{},[54,151830,151832],{"className":56,"code":151831,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151833,151834,151854],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151835,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151837,984],{"class":382},[63,151839,386],{"class":270},[63,151841,8846],{"class":73},[63,151843,674],{"class":82},[63,151845,102],{"class":73},[63,151847,105],{"class":82},[63,151849,102],{"class":73},[63,151851,518],{"class":82},[63,151853,397],{"class":73},[63,151855,151856,151858,151860,151862],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,151857,70],{"class":69},[63,151859,74],{"class":73},[63,151861,1002],{"class":181},[63,151863,397],{"class":73},[20,151865,151866],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151868,25125,151869,151871],{},[15,151870,37672],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[49,151873,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,151875,151877],{"id":151876},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151879,151880],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1193,151882,151884],{"id":151883},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151886,151887,151888,307],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151889,6971],{},[1193,151891,151893],{"id":151892},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151895,151896],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1193,151898,151900],{"id":151899},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151902,151903],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1193,151905,151907],{"id":151906},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151909,151910,151911,307],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151912,2602],{},[49,151914,1517],{"id":1516},[30,151916,151917,151921,151925,151929,151933,151937],{},[33,151918,151919],{},[303,151920,147443],{"href":147442},[33,151922,151923],{},[303,151924,150370],{"href":148746},[33,151926,151927],{},[303,151928,104507],{"href":59674},[33,151930,151931],{},[303,151932,151099],{"href":151098},[33,151934,151935],{},[303,151936,63169],{"href":63168},[33,151938,151939],{},[303,151940,61910],{"href":52216},[1542,151942,151943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":151945},[151946,151947,151948,151949,151950,151957,151958,151959,151960,151966,151973],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":150573,"depth":89,"text":150574},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":149119,"depth":89,"text":149120},{"id":150742,"depth":89,"text":150743,"children":151951},[151952,151953,151954,151955,151956],{"id":150746,"depth":254,"text":150747},{"id":150834,"depth":254,"text":150835},{"id":150933,"depth":254,"text":150934},{"id":151013,"depth":254,"text":151014},{"id":151102,"depth":254,"text":151103},{"id":151207,"depth":89,"text":151208},{"id":151377,"depth":89,"text":151378},{"id":151471,"depth":89,"text":151472},{"id":114771,"depth":89,"text":114772,"children":151961},[151962,151963,151964,151965],{"id":151521,"depth":254,"text":151522},{"id":151572,"depth":254,"text":151573},{"id":151708,"depth":254,"text":151709},{"id":151819,"depth":254,"text":151820},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":151967},[151968,151969,151970,151971,151972],{"id":151876,"depth":254,"text":151877},{"id":151883,"depth":254,"text":151884},{"id":151892,"depth":254,"text":151893},{"id":151899,"depth":254,"text":151900},{"id":151906,"depth":254,"text":151907},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150428,"description":151974},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151981,"title":151982,"body":151983,"description":153396,"extension":1580,"meta":153397,"navigation":579,"path":153398,"seo":153399,"stem":153400,"__hash__":153401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151984,"toc":153368},[151985,151990,151995,151998,152000,152079,152085,152090,152094,152109,152111,152158,152160,152168,152176,152182,152184,152189,152209,152212,152239,152241,152265,152267,152409,152411,152415,152423,152426,152428,152505,152507,152515,152519,152523,152533,152543,152545,152550,152552,152611,152616,152618,152718,152720,152734,152739,152745,152752,152755,152757,152867,152871,152888,152890,152953,152955,152963,152975,152979,152984,153012,153015,153097,153099,153110,153112,153116,153143,153145,153147,153227,153235,153237,153292,153294,153299,153302,153306,153310,153312,153316,153320,153328,153335,153338,153340,153365],[10,151986,147327,151988,10935],{"id":151987},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151989,58586],{},[20,151991,151992,151994],{},[15,151993,148648],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151996,151997],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[49,151999,52],{"id":51},[54,152001,152003],{"className":56,"code":152002,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152004,152005,152045,152067],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152006,152007,152009,152011,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152008,12692],{"class":382},[63,152010,386],{"class":270},[63,152012,8846],{"class":73},[63,152014,2455],{"class":448},[63,152016,12709],{"class":452},[63,152018,2455],{"class":448},[63,152020,102],{"class":73},[63,152022,1375],{"class":448},[63,152024,12726],{"class":452},[63,152026,2455],{"class":448},[63,152028,102],{"class":73},[63,152030,1375],{"class":448},[63,152032,17074],{"class":452},[63,152034,2455],{"class":448},[63,152036,102],{"class":73},[63,152038,1375],{"class":448},[63,152040,12726],{"class":452},[63,152042,2455],{"class":448},[63,152044,397],{"class":73},[63,152046,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,152048,64539],{"class":382},[63,152050,386],{"class":270},[63,152052,12740],{"class":382},[63,152054,307],{"class":73},[63,152056,35469],{"class":181},[63,152058,74],{"class":73},[63,152060,2455],{"class":448},[63,152062,12726],{"class":452},[63,152064,2455],{"class":448},[63,152066,397],{"class":73},[63,152068,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,152070,70],{"class":69},[63,152072,74],{"class":73},[63,152074,64566],{"class":181},[63,152076,3256],{"class":73},[63,152078,27400],{"class":1357},[20,152080,152081,152084],{},[15,152082,152083],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[49,152086,138,152088,141],{"id":152087},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152089,148648],{},[20,152091,1597,152092,11026],{},[15,152093,58586],{},[30,152095,152096,152099,152101,152104],{},[33,152097,152098],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152100,127925],{},[33,152102,152103],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152105,152106,152107],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152108,1734],{},[20,152110,1820],{},[54,152112,152114],{"className":56,"code":152113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152115,152116,152140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152117,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152119,3211],{"class":382},[63,152121,386],{"class":270},[63,152123,8846],{"class":73},[63,152125,1940],{"class":82},[63,152127,102],{"class":73},[63,152129,7397],{"class":82},[63,152131,102],{"class":73},[63,152133,7402],{"class":82},[63,152135,102],{"class":73},[63,152137,7397],{"class":82},[63,152139,397],{"class":73},[63,152141,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,152143,70],{"class":69},[63,152145,74],{"class":73},[63,152147,3243],{"class":181},[63,152149,307],{"class":73},[63,152151,35469],{"class":181},[63,152153,74],{"class":73},[63,152155,15373],{"class":82},[63,152157,86],{"class":73},[20,152159,110],{},[54,152161,152162],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,152163,152164],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152165,152166],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152167,46534],{"class":82},[20,152169,20597,152170,152172,152173,152175],{},[15,152171,15373],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152174,58586],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152177,150594,152178,307],{},[303,152179,152181],{"href":152180},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[49,152183,164],{"id":163},[20,152185,7369,152186,152188],{},[15,152187,58586],{}," in two ways:",[54,152190,152192],{"className":56,"code":152191,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152193,152194],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152195,152196,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152197,152198],{"class":382},"tuple_name",[63,152200,307],{"class":73},[63,152202,35469],{"class":181},[63,152204,74],{"class":73},[63,152206,1002],{"class":181},[63,152208,397],{"class":73},[20,152210,152211],{},"or:",[54,152213,152215],{"className":56,"code":152214,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152216,152217],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152218,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152220,152198],{"class":382},[63,152222,307],{"class":73},[63,152224,35469],{"class":181},[63,152226,74],{"class":73},[63,152228,1002],{"class":181},[63,152230,102],{"class":73},[63,152232,35675],{"class":181},[63,152234,102],{"class":73},[63,152236,64660],{"class":181},[63,152238,397],{"class":73},[1193,152240,17013],{"id":17012},[30,152242,152243,152248,152253,152258],{},[33,152244,152245,152247],{},[15,152246,1002],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152249,152250,152252],{},[15,152251,35696],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152254,152255,152257],{},[15,152256,52277],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152259,152260,4385,152262,152264],{},[15,152261,52277],{},[833,152263,64689],{}," in the search",[20,152266,1820],{},[54,152268,152270],{"className":56,"code":152269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152271,152272,152320,152324,152349,152377],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152273,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152275,35714],{"class":382},[63,152277,386],{"class":270},[63,152279,8846],{"class":73},[63,152281,2455],{"class":448},[63,152283,303],{"class":452},[63,152285,2455],{"class":448},[63,152287,102],{"class":73},[63,152289,1375],{"class":448},[63,152291,4362],{"class":452},[63,152293,2455],{"class":448},[63,152295,102],{"class":73},[63,152297,1375],{"class":448},[63,152299,9350],{"class":452},[63,152301,2455],{"class":448},[63,152303,102],{"class":73},[63,152305,1375],{"class":448},[63,152307,4362],{"class":452},[63,152309,2455],{"class":448},[63,152311,102],{"class":73},[63,152313,1375],{"class":448},[63,152315,18387],{"class":452},[63,152317,2455],{"class":448},[63,152319,397],{"class":73},[63,152321,152322],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,152323,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,152325,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,152327,70],{"class":69},[63,152329,74],{"class":73},[63,152331,35767],{"class":181},[63,152333,307],{"class":73},[63,152335,35469],{"class":181},[63,152337,74],{"class":73},[63,152339,2455],{"class":448},[63,152341,4362],{"class":452},[63,152343,2455],{"class":448},[63,152345,4964],{"class":73},[63,152347,152348],{"class":1357},"        # 1\n",[63,152350,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,152352,70],{"class":69},[63,152354,74],{"class":73},[63,152356,35767],{"class":181},[63,152358,307],{"class":73},[63,152360,35469],{"class":181},[63,152362,74],{"class":73},[63,152364,2455],{"class":448},[63,152366,4362],{"class":452},[63,152368,2455],{"class":448},[63,152370,102],{"class":73},[63,152372,105],{"class":82},[63,152374,4964],{"class":73},[63,152376,50534],{"class":1357},[63,152378,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,152380,70],{"class":69},[63,152382,74],{"class":73},[63,152384,35767],{"class":181},[63,152386,307],{"class":73},[63,152388,35469],{"class":181},[63,152390,74],{"class":73},[63,152392,2455],{"class":448},[63,152394,4362],{"class":452},[63,152396,2455],{"class":448},[63,152398,102],{"class":73},[63,152400,249],{"class":82},[63,152402,102],{"class":73},[63,152404,518],{"class":82},[63,152406,4964],{"class":73},[63,152408,27400],{"class":1357},[49,152410,102834],{"id":102833},[20,152412,152413,25128],{},[15,152414,148648],{},[30,152416,152417,152420],{},[33,152418,152419],{},"An integer",[33,152421,152422],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152424,152425],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152427,1820],{},[54,152429,152431],{"className":56,"code":152430,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152432,152433,152473,152495],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152434,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152436,107933],{"class":382},[63,152438,386],{"class":270},[63,152440,8846],{"class":73},[63,152442,2455],{"class":448},[63,152444,36672],{"class":452},[63,152446,2455],{"class":448},[63,152448,102],{"class":73},[63,152450,1375],{"class":448},[63,152452,57745],{"class":452},[63,152454,2455],{"class":448},[63,152456,102],{"class":73},[63,152458,1375],{"class":448},[63,152460,57762],{"class":452},[63,152462,2455],{"class":448},[63,152464,102],{"class":73},[63,152466,1375],{"class":448},[63,152468,57745],{"class":452},[63,152470,2455],{"class":448},[63,152472,397],{"class":73},[63,152474,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,152476,383],{"class":382},[63,152478,386],{"class":270},[63,152480,107976],{"class":382},[63,152482,307],{"class":73},[63,152484,35469],{"class":181},[63,152486,74],{"class":73},[63,152488,2455],{"class":448},[63,152490,57745],{"class":452},[63,152492,2455],{"class":448},[63,152494,397],{"class":73},[63,152496,152497,152499,152501,152503],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,152498,70],{"class":69},[63,152500,74],{"class":73},[63,152502,406],{"class":181},[63,152504,397],{"class":73},[20,152506,110],{},[54,152508,152509],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,152510,152511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152512,152513],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152514,46534],{"class":82},[49,152516,152518],{"id":152517},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152520,128,152521,10213],{},[15,152522,148648],{},[30,152524,152525,152527,152530],{},[33,152526,65716],{},[33,152528,152529],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,152531,152532],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152534,152535,152536,152539,152540,307],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152537,152538],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[303,152541,149116],{"href":152542},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[49,152544,65249],{"id":65248},[20,152546,152547,152548,307],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152549,40326],{},[20,152551,1820],{},[54,152553,152555],{"className":56,"code":152554,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152556,152557,152589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152558,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152560,12692],{"class":382},[63,152562,386],{"class":270},[63,152564,8846],{"class":73},[63,152566,2455],{"class":448},[63,152568,12709],{"class":452},[63,152570,2455],{"class":448},[63,152572,102],{"class":73},[63,152574,1375],{"class":448},[63,152576,12726],{"class":452},[63,152578,2455],{"class":448},[63,152580,102],{"class":73},[63,152582,1375],{"class":448},[63,152584,17074],{"class":452},[63,152586,2455],{"class":448},[63,152588,397],{"class":73},[63,152590,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,152592,70],{"class":69},[63,152594,74],{"class":73},[63,152596,17121],{"class":181},[63,152598,307],{"class":73},[63,152600,35469],{"class":181},[63,152602,74],{"class":73},[63,152604,2455],{"class":448},[63,152606,22144],{"class":452},[63,152608,2455],{"class":448},[63,152610,86],{"class":73},[20,152612,39280,152613,152615],{},[15,152614,109258],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152617,65324],{},[54,152619,152621],{"className":56,"code":152620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152622,152623,152655,152659,152675,152697,152703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152624,152625,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152626,12692],{"class":382},[63,152628,386],{"class":270},[63,152630,8846],{"class":73},[63,152632,2455],{"class":448},[63,152634,12709],{"class":452},[63,152636,2455],{"class":448},[63,152638,102],{"class":73},[63,152640,1375],{"class":448},[63,152642,12726],{"class":452},[63,152644,2455],{"class":448},[63,152646,102],{"class":73},[63,152648,1375],{"class":448},[63,152650,17074],{"class":452},[63,152652,2455],{"class":448},[63,152654,397],{"class":73},[63,152656,152657],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,152658,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,152660,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,152662,6602],{"class":3473},[63,152664,1375],{"class":448},[63,152666,22144],{"class":452},[63,152668,2455],{"class":448},[63,152670,20793],{"class":270},[63,152672,12740],{"class":382},[63,152674,5996],{"class":73},[63,152676,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,152678,7677],{"class":69},[63,152680,74],{"class":73},[63,152682,17121],{"class":181},[63,152684,307],{"class":73},[63,152686,35469],{"class":181},[63,152688,74],{"class":73},[63,152690,2455],{"class":448},[63,152692,22144],{"class":452},[63,152694,2455],{"class":448},[63,152696,86],{"class":73},[63,152698,152699,152701],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,152700,27054],{"class":3473},[63,152702,5996],{"class":73},[63,152704,152705,152707,152709,152711,152714,152716],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,152706,7677],{"class":69},[63,152708,74],{"class":73},[63,152710,2455],{"class":448},[63,152712,152713],{"class":452},"Value not found",[63,152715,2455],{"class":448},[63,152717,397],{"class":73},[20,152719,110],{},[54,152721,152723],{"className":56,"code":152722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Value not found\n",[15,152724,152725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152726,152727,152730,152732],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152728,152729],{"class":382},"Value ",[63,152731,973],{"class":270},[63,152733,65448],{"class":382},[20,152735,152736,152737,307],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[303,152738,65458],{"href":65457},[49,152740,311,152741,3993,152743],{"id":65026},[15,152742,35696],{},[15,152744,52277],{},[20,152746,1597,152747,3993,152749,152751],{},[15,152748,35696],{},[15,152750,52277],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152753,152754],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152756,1820],{},[54,152758,152760],{"className":56,"code":152759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152761,152762,152790,152794,152815,152839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152763,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152765,3418],{"class":382},[63,152767,386],{"class":270},[63,152769,8846],{"class":73},[63,152771,1750],{"class":82},[63,152773,102],{"class":73},[63,152775,5607],{"class":82},[63,152777,102],{"class":73},[63,152779,4206],{"class":82},[63,152781,102],{"class":73},[63,152783,7397],{"class":82},[63,152785,102],{"class":73},[63,152787,4206],{"class":82},[63,152789,397],{"class":73},[63,152791,152792],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,152793,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,152795,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,152797,70],{"class":69},[63,152799,74],{"class":73},[63,152801,4961],{"class":181},[63,152803,307],{"class":73},[63,152805,35469],{"class":181},[63,152807,74],{"class":73},[63,152809,1750],{"class":82},[63,152811,4964],{"class":73},[63,152813,152814],{"class":1357},"        # 0\n",[63,152816,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,152818,70],{"class":69},[63,152820,74],{"class":73},[63,152822,4961],{"class":181},[63,152824,307],{"class":73},[63,152826,35469],{"class":181},[63,152828,74],{"class":73},[63,152830,1750],{"class":82},[63,152832,102],{"class":73},[63,152834,249],{"class":82},[63,152836,4964],{"class":73},[63,152838,50568],{"class":1357},[63,152840,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,152842,70],{"class":69},[63,152844,74],{"class":73},[63,152846,4961],{"class":181},[63,152848,307],{"class":73},[63,152850,35469],{"class":181},[63,152852,74],{"class":73},[63,152854,1750],{"class":82},[63,152856,102],{"class":73},[63,152858,518],{"class":82},[63,152860,102],{"class":73},[63,152862,4206],{"class":82},[63,152864,4964],{"class":73},[63,152866,50551],{"class":1357},[1193,152868,152870],{"id":152869},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,152872,152873,152878,152883],{},[33,152874,152875,152877],{},[15,152876,35696],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,152879,152880,152882],{},[15,152881,52277],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,152884,1597,152885,152887],{},[15,152886,52277],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152889,1820],{},[54,152891,152893],{"className":56,"code":152892,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152894,152895,152923,152927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152896,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152898,3418],{"class":382},[63,152900,386],{"class":270},[63,152902,8846],{"class":73},[63,152904,1750],{"class":82},[63,152906,102],{"class":73},[63,152908,5607],{"class":82},[63,152910,102],{"class":73},[63,152912,4206],{"class":82},[63,152914,102],{"class":73},[63,152916,7397],{"class":82},[63,152918,102],{"class":73},[63,152920,4206],{"class":82},[63,152922,397],{"class":73},[63,152924,152925],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,152926,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,152928,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,152930,70],{"class":69},[63,152932,74],{"class":73},[63,152934,4961],{"class":181},[63,152936,307],{"class":73},[63,152938,35469],{"class":181},[63,152940,74],{"class":73},[63,152942,1750],{"class":82},[63,152944,102],{"class":73},[63,152946,249],{"class":82},[63,152948,102],{"class":73},[63,152950,2061],{"class":82},[63,152952,86],{"class":73},[20,152954,110],{},[54,152956,152957],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,152958,152959],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152960,152961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152962,824],{"class":82},[20,152964,152965,152966,1801,152968,16690,152970,152972,152973,307],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152967,674],{},[15,152969,274],{},[15,152971,715],{},", but not ",[15,152974,952],{},[49,152976,152978],{"id":152977},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152980,152981,152982,2482],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152983,148648],{},[30,152985,152986,152994,152999,153006],{},[33,152987,152988,152989,152991,152992],{},"Do not confuse the ",[833,152990,1002],{}," with the ",[833,152993,35469],{},[33,152995,152996,152997],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152998,1734],{},[33,153000,128,153001,153005],{},[303,153002,148674,153003,10352],{"href":148726},[15,153004,56908],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153007,153008,153009,153011],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153010,152538],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153013,153014],{},"Example of value vs index:",[54,153016,153018],{"className":56,"code":153017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153019,153020,153052,153056,153080],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153021,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153023,35863],{"class":382},[63,153025,386],{"class":270},[63,153027,8846],{"class":73},[63,153029,2455],{"class":448},[63,153031,3677],{"class":452},[63,153033,2455],{"class":448},[63,153035,102],{"class":73},[63,153037,1375],{"class":448},[63,153039,3686],{"class":452},[63,153041,2455],{"class":448},[63,153043,102],{"class":73},[63,153045,1375],{"class":448},[63,153047,32843],{"class":452},[63,153049,2455],{"class":448},[63,153051,397],{"class":73},[63,153053,153054],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153055,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,153057,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153059,70],{"class":69},[63,153061,74],{"class":73},[63,153063,35915],{"class":181},[63,153065,307],{"class":73},[63,153067,35469],{"class":181},[63,153069,74],{"class":73},[63,153071,2455],{"class":448},[63,153073,3686],{"class":452},[63,153075,2455],{"class":448},[63,153077,4964],{"class":73},[63,153079,27400],{"class":1357},[63,153081,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,153083,70],{"class":69},[63,153085,74],{"class":73},[63,153087,35915],{"class":181},[63,153089,3497],{"class":73},[63,153091,674],{"class":82},[63,153093,20065],{"class":73},[63,153095,153096],{"class":1357},"               # banana\n",[20,153098,1791],{},[30,153100,153101,153105],{},[33,153102,153103,14865],{},[15,153104,64894],{},[33,153106,153107,153109],{},[15,153108,674],{}," is the index",[49,153111,1186],{"id":1185},[20,153113,105572,153114,2482],{},[15,153115,148648],{},[30,153117,153118,153121,153126,153131,153138],{},[33,153119,153120],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153122,1196,153123,153125],{},[15,153124,58586],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153127,153128,153129],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153130,1734],{},[33,153132,153133,153134,3993,153136],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153135,35696],{},[15,153137,52277],{},[33,153139,36829,153140,153142],{},[15,153141,148648],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1193,153144,60329],{"id":60328},[20,153146,93998],{},[54,153148,153150],{"className":56,"code":153149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153151,153152,153162,153176,153191,153209],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153153,153154,153156,153158,153160],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153155,70],{"class":69},[63,153157,74],{"class":73},[63,153159,147461],{"class":181},[63,153161,397],{"class":73},[63,153163,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153165,70],{"class":69},[63,153167,74],{"class":73},[63,153169,10774],{"class":69},[63,153171,74],{"class":73},[63,153173,147461],{"class":181},[63,153175,86],{"class":73},[63,153177,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153189],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153179,70],{"class":69},[63,153181,74],{"class":73},[63,153183,984],{"class":181},[63,153185,3480],{"class":3473},[63,153187,153188],{"class":181}," my_tuple",[63,153190,397],{"class":73},[63,153192,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,153194,70],{"class":69},[63,153196,74],{"class":73},[63,153198,147461],{"class":181},[63,153200,307],{"class":73},[63,153202,40876],{"class":181},[63,153204,74],{"class":73},[63,153206,1002],{"class":181},[63,153208,86],{"class":73},[63,153210,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,153212,70],{"class":69},[63,153214,74],{"class":73},[63,153216,147461],{"class":181},[63,153218,307],{"class":73},[63,153220,35469],{"class":181},[63,153222,74],{"class":73},[63,153224,1002],{"class":181},[63,153226,86],{"class":73},[20,153228,153229,153230,84015,153232,153234],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153231,40326],{},[15,153233,1002],{}," is missing.",[20,153236,129078],{},[54,153238,153240],{"className":56,"code":153239,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153241,153242,153254,153272,153278],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153243,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153245,6602],{"class":3473},[63,153247,21204],{"class":382},[63,153249,3480],{"class":270},[63,153251,153188],{"class":382},[63,153253,5996],{"class":73},[63,153255,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153257,7677],{"class":69},[63,153259,74],{"class":73},[63,153261,147461],{"class":181},[63,153263,307],{"class":73},[63,153265,35469],{"class":181},[63,153267,74],{"class":73},[63,153269,1002],{"class":181},[63,153271,86],{"class":73},[63,153273,153274,153276],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153275,27054],{"class":3473},[63,153277,5996],{"class":73},[63,153279,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,153281,7677],{"class":69},[63,153283,74],{"class":73},[63,153285,2455],{"class":448},[63,153287,152713],{"class":452},[63,153289,2455],{"class":448},[63,153291,397],{"class":73},[49,153293,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,153295,4744,153297,12331],{"id":153296},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153298,148648],{},[20,153300,153301],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1193,153303,153305],{"id":153304},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153307,153308,152175],{},[15,153309,148648],{},[1193,153311,148627],{"id":148626},[20,153313,76476,153314,307],{},[15,153315,40326],{},[1193,153317,153319],{"id":153318},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153321,153322,153323,3993,153325,153327],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153324,35696],{},[15,153326,52277],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1193,153329,14521,153331,56823,153333,1506],{"id":153330},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153332,148648],{},[15,153334,64485],{},[20,153336,153337],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[49,153339,1517],{"id":1516},[30,153341,153342,153348,153352,153357,153361],{},[33,153343,153344],{},[303,153345,148674,153346,10352],{"href":148726},[15,153347,56908],{},[33,153349,153350],{},[303,153351,149116],{"href":152542},[33,153353,153354],{},[303,153355,153356],{"href":150422},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153358,153359],{},[303,153360,65458],{"href":65457},[33,153362,153363],{},[303,153364,150370],{"href":152180},[1542,153366,153367],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":153369},[153370,153371,153373,153376,153377,153378,153379,153382,153383,153386,153395],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":152087,"depth":89,"text":153372},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164,"children":153374},[153375],{"id":17012,"depth":254,"text":17013},{"id":102833,"depth":89,"text":102834},{"id":152517,"depth":89,"text":152518},{"id":65248,"depth":89,"text":65249},{"id":65026,"depth":89,"text":65807,"children":153380},[153381],{"id":152869,"depth":254,"text":152870},{"id":152977,"depth":89,"text":152978},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186,"children":153384},[153385],{"id":60328,"depth":254,"text":60329},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":153387},[153388,153390,153391,153392,153393],{"id":153296,"depth":254,"text":153389},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153304,"depth":254,"text":153305},{"id":148626,"depth":254,"text":148627},{"id":153318,"depth":254,"text":153319},{"id":153330,"depth":254,"text":153394},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151982,"description":153396},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153403,"title":153404,"body":153405,"description":154800,"extension":1580,"meta":154801,"navigation":579,"path":152542,"seo":154802,"stem":154803,"__hash__":154804},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153406,"toc":154782},[153407,153410,153413,153416,153430,153432,153435,153529,153539,153545,153549,153552,153555,153557,153575,153577,153648,153650,153667,153671,153675,153678,153695,153698,153713,153715,153806,153809,153813,153816,153833,153835,153930,153933,153936,153940,153943,154037,154039,154058,154061,154065,154068,154070,154125,154127,154162,154165,154179,154187,154280,154289,154293,154296,154303,154306,154353,154355,154363,154366,154417,154419,154436,154441,154445,154448,154451,154453,154504,154507,154562,154565,154568,154570,154573,154593,154595,154668,154671,154684,154686,154690,154695,154699,154704,154721,154725,154728,154745,154749,154752,154754,154779],[10,153408,153404],{"id":153409},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153411,153412],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153414,153415],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153417,153418,153421,153424,153427],{},[33,153419,153420],{},"positive indexes",[33,153422,153423],{},"negative indexes",[33,153425,153426],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153428,153429],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[49,153431,3201],{"id":3200},[20,153433,153434],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[54,153436,153438],{"className":56,"code":153437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153439,153440,153472,153476,153493,153510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153441,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153443,12692],{"class":382},[63,153445,386],{"class":270},[63,153447,8846],{"class":73},[63,153449,2455],{"class":448},[63,153451,12709],{"class":452},[63,153453,2455],{"class":448},[63,153455,102],{"class":73},[63,153457,1375],{"class":448},[63,153459,17074],{"class":452},[63,153461,2455],{"class":448},[63,153463,102],{"class":73},[63,153465,1375],{"class":448},[63,153467,12726],{"class":452},[63,153469,2455],{"class":448},[63,153471,397],{"class":73},[63,153473,153474],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153475,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,153477,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153479,70],{"class":69},[63,153481,74],{"class":73},[63,153483,17121],{"class":181},[63,153485,3497],{"class":73},[63,153487,1734],{"class":82},[63,153489,20065],{"class":73},[63,153491,153492],{"class":1357},"   # red\n",[63,153494,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,153496,70],{"class":69},[63,153498,74],{"class":73},[63,153500,17121],{"class":181},[63,153502,3497],{"class":73},[63,153504,674],{"class":82},[63,153506,20065],{"class":73},[63,153508,153509],{"class":1357},"   # green\n",[63,153511,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,153513,70],{"class":69},[63,153515,74],{"class":73},[63,153517,17121],{"class":181},[63,153519,3497],{"class":73},[63,153521,1639],{"class":270},[63,153523,674],{"class":82},[63,153525,20065],{"class":73},[63,153527,153528],{"class":1357},"  # blue\n",[30,153530,153531,153536],{},[33,153532,131867,153533,153535],{},[15,153534,1734],{}," is the first item.",[33,153537,153538],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153540,153541,153542,307],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[303,153543,153544],{"href":147446},"how to create a tuple in Python",[49,153546,153548],{"id":153547},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153550,153551],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153553,153554],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153556,11072],{},[30,153558,153559,153562,153569,153572],{},[33,153560,153561],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,153563,153564,153565,18583,153567],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153566,1734],{},[15,153568,674],{},[33,153570,153571],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,153573,153574],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153576,1820],{},[54,153578,153580],{"className":56,"code":153579,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153581,153582,153602,153606,153620,153634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153583,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153585,3211],{"class":382},[63,153587,386],{"class":270},[63,153589,8846],{"class":73},[63,153591,1940],{"class":82},[63,153593,102],{"class":73},[63,153595,7397],{"class":82},[63,153597,102],{"class":73},[63,153599,7402],{"class":82},[63,153601,397],{"class":73},[63,153603,153604],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153605,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,153607,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153609,70],{"class":69},[63,153611,74],{"class":73},[63,153613,3243],{"class":181},[63,153615,3497],{"class":73},[63,153617,1734],{"class":82},[63,153619,191],{"class":73},[63,153621,153622,153624,153626,153628,153630,153632],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,153623,70],{"class":69},[63,153625,74],{"class":73},[63,153627,3243],{"class":181},[63,153629,3497],{"class":73},[63,153631,674],{"class":82},[63,153633,191],{"class":73},[63,153635,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,153637,70],{"class":69},[63,153639,74],{"class":73},[63,153641,3243],{"class":181},[63,153643,3497],{"class":73},[63,153645,274],{"class":82},[63,153647,191],{"class":73},[20,153649,110],{},[54,153651,153653],{"className":56,"code":153652,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153654,153655,153659,153663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153656,153657],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153658,436],{"class":82},[63,153660,153661],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153662,70842],{"class":82},[63,153664,153665],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153666,69458],{"class":82},[20,153668,59011,153669,307],{},[303,153670,147443],{"href":147442},[49,153672,153674],{"id":153673},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153676,153677],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,153679,153680,153685,153690],{},[33,153681,153682,153684],{},[15,153683,1734],{}," = first item",[33,153686,153687,153689],{},[15,153688,674],{}," = second item",[33,153691,153692,153694],{},[15,153693,274],{}," = third item",[20,153696,153697],{},"Pattern:",[54,153699,153701],{"className":56,"code":153700,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153702,153703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153704,153705,153707,153709,153711],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153706,152198],{"class":382},[63,153708,3497],{"class":73},[63,153710,35469],{"class":382},[63,153712,3229],{"class":73},[20,153714,1820],{},[54,153716,153718],{"className":56,"code":153717,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153719,153720,153752,153756,153773,153789],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153721,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153723,35863],{"class":382},[63,153725,386],{"class":270},[63,153727,8846],{"class":73},[63,153729,2455],{"class":448},[63,153731,3677],{"class":452},[63,153733,2455],{"class":448},[63,153735,102],{"class":73},[63,153737,1375],{"class":448},[63,153739,3686],{"class":452},[63,153741,2455],{"class":448},[63,153743,102],{"class":73},[63,153745,1375],{"class":448},[63,153747,3695],{"class":452},[63,153749,2455],{"class":448},[63,153751,397],{"class":73},[63,153753,153754],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153755,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,153757,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153759,70],{"class":69},[63,153761,74],{"class":73},[63,153763,35915],{"class":181},[63,153765,3497],{"class":73},[63,153767,1734],{"class":82},[63,153769,20065],{"class":73},[63,153771,153772],{"class":1357},"  # apple\n",[63,153774,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,153776,70],{"class":69},[63,153778,74],{"class":73},[63,153780,35915],{"class":181},[63,153782,3497],{"class":73},[63,153784,674],{"class":82},[63,153786,20065],{"class":73},[63,153788,51102],{"class":1357},[63,153790,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799,153801,153803],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,153792,70],{"class":69},[63,153794,74],{"class":73},[63,153796,35915],{"class":181},[63,153798,3497],{"class":73},[63,153800,274],{"class":82},[63,153802,20065],{"class":73},[63,153804,153805],{"class":1357},"  # cherry\n",[20,153807,153808],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[49,153810,153812],{"id":153811},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153814,153815],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,153817,153818,153823,153828],{},[33,153819,153820,153822],{},[15,153821,748],{}," = last item",[33,153824,153825,153827],{},[15,153826,754],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,153829,153830,153832],{},[15,153831,760],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153834,1820],{},[54,153836,153838],{"className":56,"code":153837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153839,153840,153872,153876,153894,153912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153841,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153843,35863],{"class":382},[63,153845,386],{"class":270},[63,153847,8846],{"class":73},[63,153849,2455],{"class":448},[63,153851,3677],{"class":452},[63,153853,2455],{"class":448},[63,153855,102],{"class":73},[63,153857,1375],{"class":448},[63,153859,3686],{"class":452},[63,153861,2455],{"class":448},[63,153863,102],{"class":73},[63,153865,1375],{"class":448},[63,153867,3695],{"class":452},[63,153869,2455],{"class":448},[63,153871,397],{"class":73},[63,153873,153874],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153875,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,153877,153878,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153879,70],{"class":69},[63,153881,74],{"class":73},[63,153883,35915],{"class":181},[63,153885,3497],{"class":73},[63,153887,1639],{"class":270},[63,153889,674],{"class":82},[63,153891,20065],{"class":73},[63,153893,153805],{"class":1357},[63,153895,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906,153908,153910],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,153897,70],{"class":69},[63,153899,74],{"class":73},[63,153901,35915],{"class":181},[63,153903,3497],{"class":73},[63,153905,1639],{"class":270},[63,153907,274],{"class":82},[63,153909,20065],{"class":73},[63,153911,51102],{"class":1357},[63,153913,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,153915,70],{"class":69},[63,153917,74],{"class":73},[63,153919,35915],{"class":181},[63,153921,3497],{"class":73},[63,153923,1639],{"class":270},[63,153925,715],{"class":82},[63,153927,20065],{"class":73},[63,153929,153772],{"class":1357},[20,153931,153932],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153934,153935],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[49,153937,153939],{"id":153938},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153941,153942],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[54,153944,153946],{"className":56,"code":153945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153947,153948,153980,153984,154001,154018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153949,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153951,4596],{"class":382},[63,153953,386],{"class":270},[63,153955,8846],{"class":73},[63,153957,2455],{"class":448},[63,153959,12496],{"class":452},[63,153961,2455],{"class":448},[63,153963,102],{"class":73},[63,153965,1375],{"class":448},[63,153967,35564],{"class":452},[63,153969,2455],{"class":448},[63,153971,102],{"class":73},[63,153973,1375],{"class":448},[63,153975,35573],{"class":452},[63,153977,2455],{"class":448},[63,153979,397],{"class":73},[63,153981,153982],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,153983,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,153985,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,153987,70],{"class":69},[63,153989,74],{"class":73},[63,153991,4640],{"class":181},[63,153993,3497],{"class":73},[63,153995,1734],{"class":82},[63,153997,20065],{"class":73},[63,153999,154000],{"class":1357},"   # first item\n",[63,154002,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,154004,70],{"class":69},[63,154006,74],{"class":73},[63,154008,4640],{"class":181},[63,154010,3497],{"class":73},[63,154012,674],{"class":82},[63,154014,20065],{"class":73},[63,154016,154017],{"class":1357},"   # middle item\n",[63,154019,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,154021,70],{"class":69},[63,154023,74],{"class":73},[63,154025,4640],{"class":181},[63,154027,3497],{"class":73},[63,154029,1639],{"class":270},[63,154031,674],{"class":82},[63,154033,20065],{"class":73},[63,154035,154036],{"class":1357},"  # last item\n",[20,154038,110],{},[54,154040,154042],{"className":56,"code":154041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154043,154044,154048,154053],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154045,154046],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154047,49655],{"class":382},[63,154049,154050],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154051,154052],{"class":382},"Ben\n",[63,154054,154055],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,154056,154057],{"class":382},"Cara\n",[20,154059,154060],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[49,154062,154064],{"id":154063},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154066,154067],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154069,1820],{},[54,154071,154073],{"className":56,"code":154072,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154074,154075,154107,154111],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154076,154077,154079,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154078,35714],{"class":382},[63,154080,386],{"class":270},[63,154082,8846],{"class":73},[63,154084,2455],{"class":448},[63,154086,303],{"class":452},[63,154088,2455],{"class":448},[63,154090,102],{"class":73},[63,154092,1375],{"class":448},[63,154094,4362],{"class":452},[63,154096,2455],{"class":448},[63,154098,102],{"class":73},[63,154100,1375],{"class":448},[63,154102,9350],{"class":452},[63,154104,2455],{"class":448},[63,154106,397],{"class":73},[63,154108,154109],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154110,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,154112,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,154114,70],{"class":69},[63,154116,74],{"class":73},[63,154118,35767],{"class":181},[63,154120,3497],{"class":73},[63,154122,1750],{"class":82},[63,154124,191],{"class":73},[20,154126,110],{},[54,154128,154130],{"className":56,"code":154129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154131,154132,154144,154149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154133,154134,154137,154139,154142],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154135,154136],{"class":181},"Traceback ",[63,154138,74],{"class":73},[63,154140,154141],{"class":181},"most recent call last",[63,154143,7951],{"class":73},[63,154145,154146],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154147,154148],{"class":34076},"  ...\n",[63,154150,154151,154153,154155,154157,154160],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,154152,70349],{"class":417},[63,154154,2482],{"class":73},[63,154156,148809],{"class":417},[63,154158,154159],{"class":382}," index out of ",[63,154161,70541],{"class":69},[20,154163,154164],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154166,154167,154171,154175],{},[33,154168,154169],{},[15,154170,1734],{},[33,154172,154173],{},[15,154174,674],{},[33,154176,154177],{},[15,154178,274],{},[20,154180,154181,154182,307],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[303,154183,154184,154186],{"href":148681},[15,154185,41977],{}," on a tuple",[54,154188,154190],{"className":56,"code":154189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154191,154192,154224,154228,154244,154248,154266],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154193,154194,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154195,35714],{"class":382},[63,154197,386],{"class":270},[63,154199,8846],{"class":73},[63,154201,2455],{"class":448},[63,154203,303],{"class":452},[63,154205,2455],{"class":448},[63,154207,102],{"class":73},[63,154209,1375],{"class":448},[63,154211,4362],{"class":452},[63,154213,2455],{"class":448},[63,154215,102],{"class":73},[63,154217,1375],{"class":448},[63,154219,9350],{"class":452},[63,154221,2455],{"class":448},[63,154223,397],{"class":73},[63,154225,154226],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154227,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,154229,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,154231,70],{"class":69},[63,154233,74],{"class":73},[63,154235,10774],{"class":69},[63,154237,74],{"class":73},[63,154239,35767],{"class":181},[63,154241,4964],{"class":73},[63,154243,50386],{"class":1357},[63,154245,154246],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,154247,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,154249,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,154251,6602],{"class":3473},[63,154253,38012],{"class":69},[63,154255,74],{"class":73},[63,154257,35767],{"class":181},[63,154259,3256],{"class":73},[63,154261,38022],{"class":270},[63,154263,105],{"class":82},[63,154265,5996],{"class":73},[63,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,154269,7677],{"class":69},[63,154271,74],{"class":73},[63,154273,35767],{"class":181},[63,154275,3497],{"class":73},[63,154277,274],{"class":82},[63,154279,191],{"class":73},[20,154281,154282,154283,307],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[303,154284,25299,154286],{"href":154285},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154287,154288],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[49,154290,154292],{"id":154291},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154294,154295],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154297,154298,154300],{},[33,154299,76493],{},[33,154301,154302],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154304,154305],{},"Indexing example:",[54,154307,154309],{"className":56,"code":154308,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154310,154311,154335,154339],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154312,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154314,3211],{"class":382},[63,154316,386],{"class":270},[63,154318,8846],{"class":73},[63,154320,1940],{"class":82},[63,154322,102],{"class":73},[63,154324,7397],{"class":82},[63,154326,102],{"class":73},[63,154328,7402],{"class":82},[63,154330,102],{"class":73},[63,154332,50459],{"class":82},[63,154334,397],{"class":73},[63,154336,154337],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154338,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,154340,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,154342,70],{"class":69},[63,154344,74],{"class":73},[63,154346,3243],{"class":181},[63,154348,3497],{"class":73},[63,154350,674],{"class":82},[63,154352,191],{"class":73},[20,154354,110],{},[54,154356,154357],{"className":56,"code":70842,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,154358,154359],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154360,154361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154362,70842],{"class":82},[20,154364,154365],{},"Slicing example:",[54,154367,154369],{"className":56,"code":154368,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154370,154371,154395,154399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154372,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154374,3211],{"class":382},[63,154376,386],{"class":270},[63,154378,8846],{"class":73},[63,154380,1940],{"class":82},[63,154382,102],{"class":73},[63,154384,7397],{"class":82},[63,154386,102],{"class":73},[63,154388,7402],{"class":82},[63,154390,102],{"class":73},[63,154392,50459],{"class":82},[63,154394,397],{"class":73},[63,154396,154397],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154398,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,154400,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,154402,70],{"class":69},[63,154404,74],{"class":73},[63,154406,3243],{"class":181},[63,154408,3497],{"class":73},[63,154410,674],{"class":82},[63,154412,2482],{"class":73},[63,154414,715],{"class":82},[63,154416,191],{"class":73},[20,154418,110],{},[54,154420,154422],{"className":56,"code":154421,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154423,154424],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154425,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154427,74],{"class":73},[63,154429,15373],{"class":82},[63,154431,102],{"class":73},[63,154433,7402],{"class":82},[63,154435,397],{"class":73},[20,154437,154438,154439,307],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[303,154440,150360],{"href":150359},[49,154442,154444],{"id":154443},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154446,154447],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154449,154450],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154452,6292],{},[54,154454,154456],{"className":56,"code":154455,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154457,154458,154490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154459,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154461,12692],{"class":382},[63,154463,386],{"class":270},[63,154465,8846],{"class":73},[63,154467,2455],{"class":448},[63,154469,12709],{"class":452},[63,154471,2455],{"class":448},[63,154473,102],{"class":73},[63,154475,1375],{"class":448},[63,154477,17074],{"class":452},[63,154479,2455],{"class":448},[63,154481,102],{"class":73},[63,154483,1375],{"class":448},[63,154485,12726],{"class":452},[63,154487,2455],{"class":448},[63,154489,397],{"class":73},[63,154491,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500,154502],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154493,70],{"class":69},[63,154495,74],{"class":73},[63,154497,17121],{"class":181},[63,154499,3497],{"class":73},[63,154501,674],{"class":82},[63,154503,191],{"class":73},[20,154505,154506],{},"But this does not work:",[54,154508,154510],{"className":56,"code":154509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154511,154512,154544],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154513,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540,154542],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154515,12692],{"class":382},[63,154517,386],{"class":270},[63,154519,8846],{"class":73},[63,154521,2455],{"class":448},[63,154523,12709],{"class":452},[63,154525,2455],{"class":448},[63,154527,102],{"class":73},[63,154529,1375],{"class":448},[63,154531,17074],{"class":452},[63,154533,2455],{"class":448},[63,154535,102],{"class":73},[63,154537,1375],{"class":448},[63,154539,12726],{"class":452},[63,154541,2455],{"class":448},[63,154543,397],{"class":73},[63,154545,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558,154560],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154547,17121],{"class":382},[63,154549,3497],{"class":73},[63,154551,674],{"class":82},[63,154553,12890],{"class":73},[63,154555,12893],{"class":270},[63,154557,1375],{"class":448},[63,154559,22144],{"class":452},[63,154561,1381],{"class":448},[20,154563,154564],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154566,154567],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[49,154569,1186],{"id":1185},[20,154571,154572],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,154574,154575,154581,154584,154587],{},[33,154576,132171,154577,10704,154579],{},[15,154578,674],{},[15,154580,1734],{},[33,154582,154583],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,154585,154586],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,154588,154589,154590],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154591,154592],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154594,61914],{},[54,154596,154598],{"className":56,"code":154597,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154599,154600,154610,154624,154638,154654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154601,154602,154604,154606,154608],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154603,70],{"class":69},[63,154605,74],{"class":73},[63,154607,147461],{"class":181},[63,154609,397],{"class":73},[63,154611,154612,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154613,70],{"class":69},[63,154615,74],{"class":73},[63,154617,10774],{"class":69},[63,154619,74],{"class":73},[63,154621,147461],{"class":181},[63,154623,86],{"class":73},[63,154625,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,154627,70],{"class":69},[63,154629,74],{"class":73},[63,154631,147461],{"class":181},[63,154633,3497],{"class":73},[63,154635,1734],{"class":82},[63,154637,191],{"class":73},[63,154639,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,154641,70],{"class":69},[63,154643,74],{"class":73},[63,154645,147461],{"class":181},[63,154647,3497],{"class":73},[63,154649,1639],{"class":270},[63,154651,674],{"class":82},[63,154653,191],{"class":73},[63,154655,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,154657,70],{"class":69},[63,154659,74],{"class":73},[63,154661,418],{"class":417},[63,154663,74],{"class":73},[63,154665,147461],{"class":181},[63,154667,86],{"class":73},[20,154669,154670],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,154672,154673,154676,154678,154681],{},[33,154674,154675],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,154677,60403],{},[33,154679,154680],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,154682,154683],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[49,154685,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,154687,154689],{"id":154688},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154691,154692,154693,307],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154694,1734],{},[1193,154696,154698],{"id":154697},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154700,128,154701,154703],{},[15,154702,748],{}," as the index:",[54,154705,154707],{"className":56,"code":154706,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154708,154709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154710,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154712,147461],{"class":382},[63,154714,3497],{"class":73},[63,154716,1639],{"class":270},[63,154718,674],{"class":82},[63,154720,3229],{"class":73},[1193,154722,154724],{"id":154723},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154726,154727],{},"Python raises:",[54,154729,154731],{"className":56,"code":154730,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154732,154733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154734,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154736,70349],{"class":417},[63,154738,2482],{"class":73},[63,154740,148809],{"class":417},[63,154742,154159],{"class":382},[63,154744,70541],{"class":69},[1193,154746,154748],{"id":154747},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154750,154751],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[49,154753,1517],{"id":1516},[30,154755,154756,154761,154765,154769,154775],{},[33,154757,154758],{},[303,154759,154760],{"href":147446},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,154762,154763],{},[303,154764,150360],{"href":150359},[33,154766,154767],{},[303,154768,150365],{"href":148681},[33,154770,154771],{},[303,154772,25742,154773],{"href":154285},[15,154774,154288],{},[33,154776,154777],{},[303,154778,147443],{"href":147442},[1542,154780,154781],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":154783},[154784,154785,154786,154787,154788,154789,154790,154791,154792,154793,154799],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":153547,"depth":89,"text":153548},{"id":153673,"depth":89,"text":153674},{"id":153811,"depth":89,"text":153812},{"id":153938,"depth":89,"text":153939},{"id":154063,"depth":89,"text":154064},{"id":154291,"depth":89,"text":154292},{"id":154443,"depth":89,"text":154444},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":154794},[154795,154796,154797,154798],{"id":154688,"depth":254,"text":154689},{"id":154697,"depth":254,"text":154698},{"id":154723,"depth":254,"text":154724},{"id":154747,"depth":254,"text":154748},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153404,"description":154800},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154806,"title":154807,"body":154808,"description":156697,"extension":1580,"meta":156698,"navigation":579,"path":156699,"seo":156700,"stem":156701,"__hash__":156702},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154809,"toc":156654},[154810,154816,154821,154872,154876,154884,154890,154892,154908,154910,154913,154928,154930,154943,154945,155002,155006,155014,155021,155027,155033,155037,155088,155092,155100,155104,155133,155137,155145,155149,155182,155186,155194,155198,155201,155252,155256,155264,155266,155283,155287,155291,155350,155354,155362,155365,155392,155396,155404,155408,155414,155489,155493,155530,155538,155542,155605,155609,155617,155622,155626,155632,155675,155679,155687,155693,155696,155743,155747,155755,155764,155770,155825,155829,155837,155840,155844,155846,155877,155881,155900,155903,155948,155952,155975,155981,155986,155988,156035,156040,156043,156091,156095,156103,156107,156112,156116,156166,156170,156185,156189,156247,156251,156266,156270,156341,156345,156354,156358,156437,156441,156463,156471,156473,156476,156501,156503,156556,156558,156575,156577,156581,156587,156592,156597,156601,156606,156610,156615,156621,156624,156626,156651],[10,154811,154813,154814,3256],{"id":154812},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154815,10774],{},[20,154817,128,154818,154820],{},[15,154819,41977],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[54,154822,154824],{"className":56,"code":154823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154825,154826,154858],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154827,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154829,12692],{"class":382},[63,154831,386],{"class":270},[63,154833,8846],{"class":73},[63,154835,2455],{"class":448},[63,154837,12709],{"class":452},[63,154839,2455],{"class":448},[63,154841,102],{"class":73},[63,154843,1375],{"class":448},[63,154845,17074],{"class":452},[63,154847,2455],{"class":448},[63,154849,102],{"class":73},[63,154851,1375],{"class":448},[63,154853,12726],{"class":452},[63,154855,2455],{"class":448},[63,154857,397],{"class":73},[63,154859,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868,154870],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154861,70],{"class":69},[63,154863,74],{"class":73},[63,154865,10774],{"class":69},[63,154867,74],{"class":73},[63,154869,17121],{"class":181},[63,154871,86],{"class":73},[20,154873,154874],{},[833,154875,110],{},[54,154877,154878],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,154879,154880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154881,154882],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154883,120],{"class":82},[20,154885,128,154886,154889],{},[15,154887,154888],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[49,154891,14781],{"id":14780},[30,154893,154894,154899,154903,154906],{},[33,154895,3797,154896,154898],{},[15,154897,41977],{}," works with tuples",[33,154900,67876,154901,11320],{},[15,154902,41977],{},[33,154904,154905],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,154907,4119],{},[49,154909,164],{"id":163},[20,154911,154912],{},"Use this pattern:",[54,154914,154916],{"className":56,"code":154915,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154917,154918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154919,154920,154922,154924,154926],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154921,10774],{"class":69},[63,154923,74],{"class":73},[63,154925,147461],{"class":181},[63,154927,397],{"class":73},[20,154929,11072],{},[30,154931,154932,154935,154938],{},[33,154933,154934],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,154936,154937],{},"The result is an integer",[33,154939,154940,154942],{},[15,154941,41977],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154944,1820],{},[54,154946,154948],{"className":56,"code":154947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154949,154950,154974,154988,154992],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154951,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154953,3211],{"class":382},[63,154955,386],{"class":270},[63,154957,8846],{"class":73},[63,154959,1940],{"class":82},[63,154961,102],{"class":73},[63,154963,7397],{"class":82},[63,154965,102],{"class":73},[63,154967,7402],{"class":82},[63,154969,102],{"class":73},[63,154971,50459],{"class":82},[63,154973,397],{"class":73},[63,154975,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,154977,40858],{"class":382},[63,154979,386],{"class":270},[63,154981,38012],{"class":69},[63,154983,74],{"class":73},[63,154985,3243],{"class":181},[63,154987,397],{"class":73},[63,154989,154990],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,154991,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,154993,154994,154996,154998,155000],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,154995,70],{"class":69},[63,154997,74],{"class":73},[63,154999,40876],{"class":181},[63,155001,397],{"class":73},[20,155003,155004],{},[833,155005,110],{},[54,155007,155008],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155009,155010],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155011,155012],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155013,364],{"class":82},[20,155015,155016,155017,307],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[303,155018,13,155019,469],{"href":41974},[15,155020,41977],{},[49,155022,138,155024,155026],{"id":155023},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155025,41977],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155028,155029,155030,155032],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155031,41977],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1193,155034,155036],{"id":155035},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[54,155038,155040],{"className":56,"code":155039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155041,155042,155074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155043,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070,155072],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155045,35863],{"class":382},[63,155047,386],{"class":270},[63,155049,8846],{"class":73},[63,155051,2455],{"class":448},[63,155053,3677],{"class":452},[63,155055,2455],{"class":448},[63,155057,102],{"class":73},[63,155059,1375],{"class":448},[63,155061,3686],{"class":452},[63,155063,2455],{"class":448},[63,155065,102],{"class":73},[63,155067,1375],{"class":448},[63,155069,32843],{"class":452},[63,155071,2455],{"class":448},[63,155073,397],{"class":73},[63,155075,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155077,70],{"class":69},[63,155079,74],{"class":73},[63,155081,10774],{"class":69},[63,155083,74],{"class":73},[63,155085,35915],{"class":181},[63,155087,86],{"class":73},[20,155089,155090],{},[833,155091,110],{},[54,155093,155094],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155095,155096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155097,155098],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155099,120],{"class":82},[1193,155101,155103],{"id":155102},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[54,155105,155107],{"className":56,"code":155106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155108,155109,155118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155110,155111,155114,155116],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155112,155113],{"class":382},"empty_tuple ",[63,155115,386],{"class":270},[63,155117,148785],{"class":73},[63,155119,155120,155122,155124,155126,155128,155131],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155121,70],{"class":69},[63,155123,74],{"class":73},[63,155125,10774],{"class":69},[63,155127,74],{"class":73},[63,155129,155130],{"class":181},"empty_tuple",[63,155132,86],{"class":73},[20,155134,155135],{},[833,155136,110],{},[54,155138,155139],{"className":56,"code":46869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155140,155141],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155142,155143],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155144,46869],{"class":82},[1193,155146,155148],{"id":155147},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[54,155150,155152],{"className":56,"code":155151,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155153,155154,155167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155155,155156,155159,155161,155163,155165],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155157,155158],{"class":382},"single_value ",[63,155160,386],{"class":270},[63,155162,8846],{"class":73},[63,155164,1750],{"class":82},[63,155166,148799],{"class":73},[63,155168,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155180],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155170,70],{"class":69},[63,155172,74],{"class":73},[63,155174,10774],{"class":69},[63,155176,74],{"class":73},[63,155178,155179],{"class":181},"single_value",[63,155181,86],{"class":73},[20,155183,155184],{},[833,155185,110],{},[54,155187,155188],{"className":56,"code":46534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155189,155190],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155191,155192],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155193,46534],{"class":82},[1193,155195,155197],{"id":155196},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155199,155200],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[54,155202,155204],{"className":56,"code":155203,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155205,155206,155238],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155207,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155209,8775],{"class":382},[63,155211,386],{"class":270},[63,155213,8846],{"class":73},[63,155215,674],{"class":82},[63,155217,102],{"class":73},[63,155219,8846],{"class":73},[63,155221,274],{"class":82},[63,155223,102],{"class":73},[63,155225,518],{"class":82},[63,155227,8843],{"class":73},[63,155229,3216],{"class":73},[63,155231,952],{"class":82},[63,155233,102],{"class":73},[63,155235,4206],{"class":82},[63,155237,191],{"class":73},[63,155239,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248,155250],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155241,70],{"class":69},[63,155243,74],{"class":73},[63,155245,10774],{"class":69},[63,155247,74],{"class":73},[63,155249,8814],{"class":181},[63,155251,86],{"class":73},[20,155253,155254],{},[833,155255,110],{},[54,155257,155258],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155259,155260],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155261,155262],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155263,120],{"class":82},[20,155265,19577],{},[30,155267,155268,155273,155278],{},[33,155269,155270,155272],{},[15,155271,674],{}," is one item",[33,155274,155275,155272],{},[15,155276,155277],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155279,155280,155272],{},[15,155281,155282],{},"[4, 5]",[49,155284,155286],{"id":155285},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1193,155288,155290],{"id":155289},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[54,155292,155294],{"className":56,"code":155293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155295,155296,155336],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155297,155298,155300,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155299,12692],{"class":382},[63,155301,386],{"class":270},[63,155303,8846],{"class":73},[63,155305,2455],{"class":448},[63,155307,12709],{"class":452},[63,155309,2455],{"class":448},[63,155311,102],{"class":73},[63,155313,1375],{"class":448},[63,155315,17074],{"class":452},[63,155317,2455],{"class":448},[63,155319,102],{"class":73},[63,155321,1375],{"class":448},[63,155323,12726],{"class":452},[63,155325,2455],{"class":448},[63,155327,102],{"class":73},[63,155329,1375],{"class":448},[63,155331,22144],{"class":452},[63,155333,2455],{"class":448},[63,155335,397],{"class":73},[63,155337,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155339,70],{"class":69},[63,155341,74],{"class":73},[63,155343,10774],{"class":69},[63,155345,74],{"class":73},[63,155347,17121],{"class":181},[63,155349,86],{"class":73},[20,155351,155352],{},[833,155353,110],{},[54,155355,155356],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155357,155358],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155359,155360],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155361,364],{"class":82},[1193,155363,155103],{"id":155364},"empty-tuple-1",[54,155366,155368],{"className":56,"code":155367,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155369,155370,155378],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155371,155372,155374,155376],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155373,7386],{"class":382},[63,155375,386],{"class":270},[63,155377,148785],{"class":73},[63,155379,155380,155382,155384,155386,155388,155390],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155381,70],{"class":69},[63,155383,74],{"class":73},[63,155385,10774],{"class":69},[63,155387,74],{"class":73},[63,155389,7417],{"class":181},[63,155391,86],{"class":73},[20,155393,155394],{},[833,155395,110],{},[54,155397,155398],{"className":56,"code":46869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155399,155400],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155401,155402],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155403,46869],{"class":82},[1193,155405,155407],{"id":155406},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155409,155410,155411,155413],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[833,155412,973],{}," always a tuple.",[54,155415,155417],{"className":56,"code":155416,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155418,155419,155431,155443,155447,155461,155475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155420,155421,155423,155425,155427,155429],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155422,2157],{"class":382},[63,155424,386],{"class":270},[63,155426,8846],{"class":73},[63,155428,1750],{"class":82},[63,155430,397],{"class":73},[63,155432,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155434,2185],{"class":382},[63,155436,386],{"class":270},[63,155438,8846],{"class":73},[63,155440,1750],{"class":82},[63,155442,148799],{"class":73},[63,155444,155445],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,155446,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,155448,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,155450,70],{"class":69},[63,155452,74],{"class":73},[63,155454,418],{"class":417},[63,155456,74],{"class":73},[63,155458,303],{"class":181},[63,155460,86],{"class":73},[63,155462,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,155464,70],{"class":69},[63,155466,74],{"class":73},[63,155468,418],{"class":417},[63,155470,74],{"class":73},[63,155472,4362],{"class":181},[63,155474,86],{"class":73},[63,155476,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,155478,70],{"class":69},[63,155480,74],{"class":73},[63,155482,10774],{"class":69},[63,155484,74],{"class":73},[63,155486,4362],{"class":181},[63,155488,86],{"class":73},[20,155490,155491],{},[833,155492,110],{},[54,155494,155496],{"className":56,"code":155495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155497,155498,155512,155526],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155499,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155501,441],{"class":270},[63,155503,445],{"class":444},[63,155505,449],{"class":448},[63,155507,453],{"class":452},[63,155509,456],{"class":448},[63,155511,459],{"class":270},[63,155513,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155515,441],{"class":270},[63,155517,445],{"class":444},[63,155519,449],{"class":448},[63,155521,48568],{"class":452},[63,155523,456],{"class":448},[63,155525,459],{"class":270},[63,155527,155528],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,155529,46534],{"class":82},[20,155531,155532,155533,3993,155536,307],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[303,155534,155535],{"href":147446},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[303,155537,148747],{"href":148746},[1193,155539,155541],{"id":155540},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[54,155543,155545],{"className":56,"code":155544,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155546,155547,155591],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155548,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155550,59091],{"class":382},[63,155552,386],{"class":270},[63,155554,8846],{"class":73},[63,155556,2455],{"class":448},[63,155558,3677],{"class":452},[63,155560,2455],{"class":448},[63,155562,102],{"class":73},[63,155564,3216],{"class":73},[63,155566,674],{"class":82},[63,155568,102],{"class":73},[63,155570,105],{"class":82},[63,155572,17681],{"class":73},[63,155574,8846],{"class":73},[63,155576,2455],{"class":448},[63,155578,1786],{"class":452},[63,155580,2455],{"class":448},[63,155582,102],{"class":73},[63,155584,1375],{"class":448},[63,155586,11360],{"class":452},[63,155588,2455],{"class":448},[63,155590,86],{"class":73},[63,155592,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155594,70],{"class":69},[63,155596,74],{"class":73},[63,155598,10774],{"class":69},[63,155600,74],{"class":73},[63,155602,59144],{"class":181},[63,155604,86],{"class":73},[20,155606,155607],{},[833,155608,110],{},[54,155610,155611],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155612,155613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155614,155615],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155616,120],{"class":82},[20,155618,155619,155621],{},[15,155620,41977],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[49,155623,155625],{"id":155624},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1193,155627,155629,155631],{"id":155628},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155630,41977],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[54,155633,155635],{"className":56,"code":155634,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155636,155637,155661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155638,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155640,3668],{"class":382},[63,155642,386],{"class":270},[63,155644,8846],{"class":73},[63,155646,2455],{"class":448},[63,155648,63215],{"class":452},[63,155650,2455],{"class":448},[63,155652,102],{"class":73},[63,155654,1375],{"class":448},[63,155656,58],{"class":452},[63,155658,2455],{"class":448},[63,155660,397],{"class":73},[63,155662,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155664,70],{"class":69},[63,155666,74],{"class":73},[63,155668,10774],{"class":69},[63,155670,74],{"class":73},[63,155672,3712],{"class":181},[63,155674,86],{"class":73},[20,155676,155677],{},[833,155678,110],{},[54,155680,155681],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155682,155683],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155684,155685],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155686,824],{"class":82},[20,155688,155689,155690,155692],{},"This result is ",[15,155691,274],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155694,155695],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[54,155697,155699],{"className":56,"code":155698,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155700,155701,155725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155702,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155704,3668],{"class":382},[63,155706,386],{"class":270},[63,155708,8846],{"class":73},[63,155710,2455],{"class":448},[63,155712,63215],{"class":452},[63,155714,2455],{"class":448},[63,155716,102],{"class":73},[63,155718,1375],{"class":448},[63,155720,58],{"class":452},[63,155722,2455],{"class":448},[63,155724,397],{"class":73},[63,155726,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155728,70],{"class":69},[63,155730,74],{"class":73},[63,155732,10774],{"class":69},[63,155734,74],{"class":73},[63,155736,3712],{"class":181},[63,155738,3497],{"class":73},[63,155740,1734],{"class":82},[63,155742,2596],{"class":73},[20,155744,155745],{},[833,155746,110],{},[54,155748,155749],{"className":56,"code":824,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155750,155751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155752,155753],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155754,824],{"class":82},[20,155756,20390,155757,155760,155761,307],{},[15,155758,155759],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155762,155763],{},"\"hi\"",[1193,155765,155767,155769],{"id":155766},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155768,41977],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[54,155771,155773],{"className":56,"code":155772,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155774,155775,155811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155776,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155778,3418],{"class":382},[63,155780,386],{"class":270},[63,155782,9606],{"class":73},[63,155784,674],{"class":82},[63,155786,102],{"class":73},[63,155788,105],{"class":82},[63,155790,8843],{"class":73},[63,155792,8846],{"class":73},[63,155794,715],{"class":82},[63,155796,102],{"class":73},[63,155798,2061],{"class":82},[63,155800,8843],{"class":73},[63,155802,8846],{"class":73},[63,155804,1750],{"class":82},[63,155806,102],{"class":73},[63,155808,37269],{"class":82},[63,155810,86],{"class":73},[63,155812,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155814,70],{"class":69},[63,155816,74],{"class":73},[63,155818,10774],{"class":69},[63,155820,74],{"class":73},[63,155822,4961],{"class":181},[63,155824,86],{"class":73},[20,155826,155827],{},[833,155828,110],{},[54,155830,155831],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,155832,155833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155834,155835],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155836,120],{"class":82},[20,155838,155839],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1193,155841,155843],{"id":155842},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155845,25310],{},[54,155847,155849],{"className":56,"code":155848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155850,155851,155863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155852,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155854,984],{"class":382},[63,155856,386],{"class":270},[63,155858,8846],{"class":73},[63,155860,1940],{"class":82},[63,155862,397],{"class":73},[63,155864,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155866,70],{"class":69},[63,155868,74],{"class":73},[63,155870,418],{"class":417},[63,155872,74],{"class":73},[63,155874,1002],{"class":181},[63,155876,86],{"class":73},[20,155878,155879],{},[833,155880,110],{},[54,155882,155884],{"className":56,"code":155883,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155885,155886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155887,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155889,441],{"class":270},[63,155891,445],{"class":444},[63,155893,449],{"class":448},[63,155895,453],{"class":452},[63,155897,456],{"class":448},[63,155899,459],{"class":270},[20,155901,155902],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[54,155904,155906],{"className":56,"code":155905,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155907,155908,155920,155934],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155909,155910,155912,155914,155916,155918],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155911,984],{"class":382},[63,155913,386],{"class":270},[63,155915,8846],{"class":73},[63,155917,1940],{"class":82},[63,155919,148799],{"class":73},[63,155921,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930,155932],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155923,70],{"class":69},[63,155925,74],{"class":73},[63,155927,418],{"class":417},[63,155929,74],{"class":73},[63,155931,1002],{"class":181},[63,155933,86],{"class":73},[63,155935,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,155937,70],{"class":69},[63,155939,74],{"class":73},[63,155941,10774],{"class":69},[63,155943,74],{"class":73},[63,155945,1002],{"class":181},[63,155947,86],{"class":73},[20,155949,155950],{},[833,155951,110],{},[54,155953,155955],{"className":56,"code":155954,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155956,155957,155971],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155958,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155960,441],{"class":270},[63,155962,445],{"class":444},[63,155964,449],{"class":448},[63,155966,48568],{"class":452},[63,155968,456],{"class":448},[63,155970,459],{"class":270},[63,155972,155973],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,155974,46534],{"class":82},[1193,155976,155978,155980],{"id":155977},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155979,10774],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155982,44046,155983,155985],{},[15,155984,10774],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155987,44077],{},[54,155989,155991],{"className":56,"code":155990,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155992,155993,156001,156021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155994,155995,155997,155999],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155996,10774],{"class":69},[63,155998,12893],{"class":270},[63,156000,2190],{"class":82},[63,156002,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156004,3211],{"class":382},[63,156006,386],{"class":270},[63,156008,8846],{"class":73},[63,156010,674],{"class":82},[63,156012,102],{"class":73},[63,156014,105],{"class":82},[63,156016,102],{"class":73},[63,156018,518],{"class":82},[63,156020,397],{"class":73},[63,156022,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156024,70],{"class":69},[63,156026,74],{"class":73},[63,156028,10774],{"class":69},[63,156030,74],{"class":73},[63,156032,3243],{"class":181},[63,156034,86],{"class":73},[20,156036,39280,156037,156039],{},[15,156038,10774],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156041,156042],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[54,156044,156046],{"className":56,"code":156045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156047,156048,156057,156077],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156049,156050,156053,156055],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156051,156052],{"class":382},"length_value ",[63,156054,386],{"class":270},[63,156056,2190],{"class":82},[63,156058,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156060,3211],{"class":382},[63,156062,386],{"class":270},[63,156064,8846],{"class":73},[63,156066,674],{"class":82},[63,156068,102],{"class":73},[63,156070,105],{"class":82},[63,156072,102],{"class":73},[63,156074,518],{"class":82},[63,156076,397],{"class":73},[63,156078,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156080,70],{"class":69},[63,156082,74],{"class":73},[63,156084,10774],{"class":69},[63,156086,74],{"class":73},[63,156088,3243],{"class":181},[63,156090,86],{"class":73},[20,156092,156093],{},[833,156094,110],{},[54,156096,156097],{"className":56,"code":120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,156098,156099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156100,156101],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156102,120],{"class":82},[49,156104,156106],{"id":156105},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156108,156109,156111],{},[15,156110,41977],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1193,156113,156115],{"id":156114},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[54,156117,156119],{"className":56,"code":156118,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156120,156121,156129,156133,156151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156122,156123,156125,156127],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156124,7386],{"class":382},[63,156126,386],{"class":270},[63,156128,148785],{"class":73},[63,156130,156131],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156132,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,156134,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147,156149],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156136,6602],{"class":3473},[63,156138,38012],{"class":69},[63,156140,74],{"class":73},[63,156142,7417],{"class":181},[63,156144,3256],{"class":73},[63,156146,6011],{"class":270},[63,156148,3429],{"class":82},[63,156150,5996],{"class":73},[63,156152,156153,156155,156157,156159,156162,156164],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,156154,7677],{"class":69},[63,156156,74],{"class":73},[63,156158,2455],{"class":448},[63,156160,156161],{"class":452},"The tuple is empty",[63,156163,2455],{"class":448},[63,156165,397],{"class":73},[20,156167,156168],{},[833,156169,110],{},[54,156171,156173],{"className":56,"code":156172,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156174,156175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156176,156177,156179,156181,156183],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156178,1597],{"class":382},[63,156180,48568],{"class":417},[63,156182,7705],{"class":270},[63,156184,7711],{"class":382},[1193,156186,156188],{"id":156187},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[54,156190,156192],{"className":56,"code":156191,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156193,156194,156210,156214,156232],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156195,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156197,51001],{"class":382},[63,156199,386],{"class":270},[63,156201,8846],{"class":73},[63,156203,952],{"class":82},[63,156205,102],{"class":73},[63,156207,5596],{"class":82},[63,156209,397],{"class":73},[63,156211,156212],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156213,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,156215,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156217,6602],{"class":3473},[63,156219,38012],{"class":69},[63,156221,74],{"class":73},[63,156223,51026],{"class":181},[63,156225,3256],{"class":73},[63,156227,6011],{"class":270},[63,156229,105],{"class":82},[63,156231,5996],{"class":73},[63,156233,156234,156236,156238,156240,156243,156245],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,156235,7677],{"class":69},[63,156237,74],{"class":73},[63,156239,2455],{"class":448},[63,156241,156242],{"class":452},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[63,156244,2455],{"class":448},[63,156246,397],{"class":73},[20,156248,156249],{},[833,156250,110],{},[54,156252,156254],{"className":56,"code":156253,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156255,156256],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156257,156258,156261,156263],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156259,156260],{"class":382},"This looks like an x",[63,156262,102],{"class":73},[63,156264,156265],{"class":382}," y coordinate\n",[1193,156267,156269],{"id":156268},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[54,156271,156273],{"className":56,"code":156272,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156274,156275,156304,156308,156326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156276,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293,156295,156297,156300,156302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156278,11102],{"class":382},[63,156280,386],{"class":270},[63,156282,8846],{"class":73},[63,156284,2455],{"class":448},[63,156286,12496],{"class":452},[63,156288,2455],{"class":448},[63,156290,102],{"class":73},[63,156292,8916],{"class":82},[63,156294,102],{"class":73},[63,156296,1375],{"class":448},[63,156298,156299],{"class":452},"Canada",[63,156301,2455],{"class":448},[63,156303,397],{"class":73},[63,156305,156306],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156307,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,156309,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320,156322,156324],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156311,6602],{"class":3473},[63,156313,38012],{"class":69},[63,156315,74],{"class":73},[63,156317,11196],{"class":181},[63,156319,3256],{"class":73},[63,156321,6011],{"class":270},[63,156323,518],{"class":82},[63,156325,5996],{"class":73},[63,156327,156328,156330,156332,156334,156337,156339],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,156329,7677],{"class":69},[63,156331,74],{"class":73},[63,156333,2455],{"class":448},[63,156335,156336],{"class":452},"User record has the expected number of values",[63,156338,2455],{"class":448},[63,156340,397],{"class":73},[20,156342,156343],{},[833,156344,110],{},[54,156346,156348],{"className":56,"code":156347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156349,156350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156351,156352],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156353,156347],{"class":382},[1193,156355,156357],{"id":156356},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[54,156359,156361],{"className":56,"code":156360,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156362,156363,156395,156399,156419],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156364,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391,156393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156366,35714],{"class":382},[63,156368,386],{"class":270},[63,156370,8846],{"class":73},[63,156372,2455],{"class":448},[63,156374,303],{"class":452},[63,156376,2455],{"class":448},[63,156378,102],{"class":73},[63,156380,1375],{"class":448},[63,156382,4362],{"class":452},[63,156384,2455],{"class":448},[63,156386,102],{"class":73},[63,156388,1375],{"class":448},[63,156390,9350],{"class":452},[63,156392,2455],{"class":448},[63,156394,397],{"class":73},[63,156396,156397],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156398,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,156400,156401,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156402,5560],{"class":3473},[63,156404,69166],{"class":382},[63,156406,3480],{"class":3473},[63,156408,53687],{"class":69},[63,156410,74],{"class":73},[63,156412,10774],{"class":69},[63,156414,74],{"class":73},[63,156416,35767],{"class":181},[63,156418,69181],{"class":73},[63,156420,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429,156431,156433,156435],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,156422,7677],{"class":69},[63,156424,74],{"class":73},[63,156426,35778],{"class":181},[63,156428,102],{"class":73},[63,156430,69714],{"class":181},[63,156432,3497],{"class":73},[63,156434,35778],{"class":181},[63,156436,191],{"class":73},[20,156438,156439],{},[833,156440,110],{},[54,156442,156443],{"className":56,"code":35790,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,156444,156445,156451,156457],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156446,156447,156449],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156448,1734],{"class":82},[63,156450,35799],{"class":382},[63,156452,156453,156455],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156454,674],{"class":82},[63,156456,35806],{"class":382},[63,156458,156459,156461],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156460,274],{"class":82},[63,156462,35813],{"class":382},[20,156464,156465,156466,156468,156469,307],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[303,156467,149116],{"href":149115},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[303,156470,150360],{"href":150359},[49,156472,1186],{"id":1185},[20,156474,156475],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,156477,156478,156486,156493,156498],{},[33,156479,156480,156481,10704,156484],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156482,156483],{},"(5)",[15,156485,148950],{},[33,156487,311,156488,156490,156491],{},[15,156489,10774],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156492,41977],{},[33,156494,1196,156495,156497],{},[15,156496,41977],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,156499,156500],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156502,31704],{},[54,156504,156506],{"className":56,"code":156505,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156507,156508,156518,156532,156546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156509,156510,156512,156514,156516],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156511,70],{"class":69},[63,156513,74],{"class":73},[63,156515,147461],{"class":181},[63,156517,397],{"class":73},[63,156519,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528,156530],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156521,70],{"class":69},[63,156523,74],{"class":73},[63,156525,418],{"class":417},[63,156527,74],{"class":73},[63,156529,147461],{"class":181},[63,156531,86],{"class":73},[63,156533,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542,156544],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156535,70],{"class":69},[63,156537,74],{"class":73},[63,156539,10774],{"class":69},[63,156541,74],{"class":73},[63,156543,147461],{"class":181},[63,156545,86],{"class":73},[63,156547,156548,156550,156552,156554],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,156549,31774],{"class":69},[63,156551,74],{"class":73},[63,156553,10774],{"class":69},[63,156555,397],{"class":73},[20,156557,154670],{},[30,156559,156560,156563,156566,156570],{},[33,156561,156562],{},"what value you are using",[33,156564,156565],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,156567,25639,156568,11320],{},[15,156569,41977],{},[33,156571,122834,156572,156574],{},[15,156573,41977],{}," is documented in Python",[49,156576,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,156578,156580],{"id":156579},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156582,128,156583,156586],{},[15,156584,156585],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1193,156588,1459,156590,148620],{"id":156589},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156591,41977],{},[20,156593,45983,156594,156596],{},[15,156595,41977],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1193,156598,156600],{"id":156599},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156602,156603,156604,307],{},"The length is ",[15,156605,1734],{},[1193,156607,156609],{"id":156608},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156611,150306,156612,156614],{},[15,156613,150309],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1193,156616,1459,156618,156620],{"id":156617},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156619,41977],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156622,156623],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[49,156625,1517],{"id":1516},[30,156627,156628,156634,156638,156642,156646],{},[33,156629,156630],{},[303,156631,13,156632,469],{"href":41974},[15,156633,41977],{},[33,156635,156636],{},[303,156637,155535],{"href":147446},[33,156639,156640],{},[303,156641,149116],{"href":149115},[33,156643,156644],{},[303,156645,150360],{"href":150359},[33,156647,156648],{},[303,156649,156650],{"href":148746},"What is a tuple in Python",[1542,156652,156653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":156655},[156656,156657,156658,156665,156671,156680,156686,156687,156696],{"id":14780,"depth":89,"text":14781},{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":155023,"depth":89,"text":156659,"children":156660},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156661,156662,156663,156664],{"id":155035,"depth":254,"text":155036},{"id":155102,"depth":254,"text":155103},{"id":155147,"depth":254,"text":155148},{"id":155196,"depth":254,"text":155197},{"id":155285,"depth":89,"text":155286,"children":156666},[156667,156668,156669,156670],{"id":155289,"depth":254,"text":155290},{"id":155364,"depth":254,"text":155103},{"id":155406,"depth":254,"text":155407},{"id":155540,"depth":254,"text":155541},{"id":155624,"depth":89,"text":155625,"children":156672},[156673,156675,156677,156678],{"id":155628,"depth":254,"text":156674},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155766,"depth":254,"text":156676},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155842,"depth":254,"text":155843},{"id":155977,"depth":254,"text":156679},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156105,"depth":89,"text":156106,"children":156681},[156682,156683,156684,156685],{"id":156114,"depth":254,"text":156115},{"id":156187,"depth":254,"text":156188},{"id":156268,"depth":254,"text":156269},{"id":156356,"depth":254,"text":156357},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":156688},[156689,156690,156692,156693,156694],{"id":156579,"depth":254,"text":156580},{"id":156589,"depth":254,"text":156691},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156599,"depth":254,"text":156600},{"id":156608,"depth":254,"text":156609},{"id":156617,"depth":254,"text":156695},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154807,"description":156697},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156704,"title":156705,"body":156706,"description":159091,"extension":1580,"meta":159092,"navigation":579,"path":159093,"seo":159094,"stem":159095,"__hash__":159096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156707,"toc":159052},[156708,156711,156714,156717,156740,156746,156748,156859,156863,156866,156876,156878,156977,156979,157056,157062,157066,157069,157092,157095,157112,157115,157117,157180,157182,157199,157210,157215,157217,157220,157226,157277,157279,157299,157303,157354,157356,157377,157381,157436,157438,157459,157463,157518,157520,157541,157545,157598,157600,157629,157631,157633,157636,157640,157697,157699,157720,157724,157777,157779,157804,157809,157813,157818,157836,157839,157902,157904,157925,157928,157989,157991,158012,158015,158058,158061,158065,158070,158074,158153,158155,158186,158190,158265,158267,158294,158298,158345,158347,158355,158360,158364,158367,158382,158384,158472,158474,158499,158502,158545,158554,158556,158559,158574,158577,158581,158635,158637,158657,158662,158666,158668,158706,158709,158759,158763,158836,158838,158875,158878,158880,158883,158903,158906,158975,158977,158990,158992,158996,158999,159003,159006,159011,159014,159020,159025,159027,159049],[10,156709,156705],{"id":156710},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156712,156713],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156715,156716],{},"Use this format:",[54,156718,156720],{"className":56,"code":156719,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156721,156722],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156723,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736,156738],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156725,48568],{"class":382},[63,156727,3497],{"class":73},[63,156729,35696],{"class":382},[63,156731,2482],{"class":73},[63,156733,75044],{"class":382},[63,156735,2482],{"class":73},[63,156737,75047],{"class":382},[63,156739,3229],{"class":73},[20,156741,1597,156742,75080,156744,307],{},[15,156743,75044],{},[833,156745,64689],{},[49,156747,52],{"id":51},[54,156749,156751],{"className":56,"code":156750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156752,156753,156781,156785,156806,156823,156840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156754,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156756,3211],{"class":382},[63,156758,386],{"class":270},[63,156760,8846],{"class":73},[63,156762,1940],{"class":82},[63,156764,102],{"class":73},[63,156766,7397],{"class":82},[63,156768,102],{"class":73},[63,156770,7402],{"class":82},[63,156772,102],{"class":73},[63,156774,50459],{"class":82},[63,156776,102],{"class":73},[63,156778,4682],{"class":82},[63,156780,397],{"class":73},[63,156782,156783],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156784,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,156786,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156788,70],{"class":69},[63,156790,74],{"class":73},[63,156792,3243],{"class":181},[63,156794,3497],{"class":73},[63,156796,674],{"class":82},[63,156798,2482],{"class":73},[63,156800,952],{"class":82},[63,156802,20065],{"class":73},[63,156804,156805],{"class":1357},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[63,156807,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,156809,70],{"class":69},[63,156811,74],{"class":73},[63,156813,3243],{"class":181},[63,156815,75153],{"class":73},[63,156817,715],{"class":82},[63,156819,20065],{"class":73},[63,156821,156822],{"class":1357},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[63,156824,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,156826,70],{"class":69},[63,156828,74],{"class":73},[63,156830,3243],{"class":181},[63,156832,73740],{"class":73},[63,156834,274],{"class":82},[63,156836,20065],{"class":73},[63,156838,156839],{"class":1357},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[63,156841,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,156843,70],{"class":69},[63,156845,74],{"class":73},[63,156847,3243],{"class":181},[63,156849,73740],{"class":73},[63,156851,1639],{"class":270},[63,156853,674],{"class":82},[63,156855,20065],{"class":73},[63,156857,156858],{"class":1357},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[49,156860,156862],{"id":156861},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156864,156865],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,156867,156868,156870,156873],{},[33,156869,75347],{},[33,156871,156872],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,156874,156875],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156877,1820],{},[54,156879,156881],{"className":56,"code":156880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156882,156883,156931,156935,156953,156957,156967],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156884,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156886,35714],{"class":382},[63,156888,386],{"class":270},[63,156890,8846],{"class":73},[63,156892,2455],{"class":448},[63,156894,303],{"class":452},[63,156896,2455],{"class":448},[63,156898,102],{"class":73},[63,156900,1375],{"class":448},[63,156902,4362],{"class":452},[63,156904,2455],{"class":448},[63,156906,102],{"class":73},[63,156908,1375],{"class":448},[63,156910,9350],{"class":452},[63,156912,2455],{"class":448},[63,156914,102],{"class":73},[63,156916,1375],{"class":448},[63,156918,18387],{"class":452},[63,156920,2455],{"class":448},[63,156922,102],{"class":73},[63,156924,1375],{"class":448},[63,156926,60066],{"class":452},[63,156928,2455],{"class":448},[63,156930,397],{"class":73},[63,156932,156933],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,156934,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,156936,156937,156939,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,156938,75277],{"class":382},[63,156940,386],{"class":270},[63,156942,69714],{"class":382},[63,156944,3497],{"class":73},[63,156946,674],{"class":82},[63,156948,2482],{"class":73},[63,156950,952],{"class":82},[63,156952,3229],{"class":73},[63,156954,156955],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,156956,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,156958,156959,156961,156963,156965],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,156960,70],{"class":69},[63,156962,74],{"class":73},[63,156964,75300],{"class":181},[63,156966,397],{"class":73},[63,156968,156969,156971,156973,156975],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,156970,70],{"class":69},[63,156972,74],{"class":73},[63,156974,35767],{"class":181},[63,156976,397],{"class":73},[20,156978,110],{},[54,156980,156982],{"className":56,"code":156981,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156983,156984,157012],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156985,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156987,74],{"class":73},[63,156989,456],{"class":448},[63,156991,4362],{"class":452},[63,156993,456],{"class":448},[63,156995,102],{"class":73},[63,156997,449],{"class":448},[63,156999,9350],{"class":452},[63,157001,456],{"class":448},[63,157003,102],{"class":73},[63,157005,449],{"class":448},[63,157007,18387],{"class":452},[63,157009,456],{"class":448},[63,157011,397],{"class":73},[63,157013,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157015,74],{"class":73},[63,157017,456],{"class":448},[63,157019,303],{"class":452},[63,157021,456],{"class":448},[63,157023,102],{"class":73},[63,157025,449],{"class":448},[63,157027,4362],{"class":452},[63,157029,456],{"class":448},[63,157031,102],{"class":73},[63,157033,449],{"class":448},[63,157035,9350],{"class":452},[63,157037,456],{"class":448},[63,157039,102],{"class":73},[63,157041,449],{"class":448},[63,157043,18387],{"class":452},[63,157045,456],{"class":448},[63,157047,102],{"class":73},[63,157049,449],{"class":448},[63,157051,60066],{"class":452},[63,157053,456],{"class":448},[63,157055,397],{"class":73},[20,157057,157058,157059,307],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[303,157060,147443],{"href":157061},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[49,157063,157065],{"id":157064},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157067,157068],{},"The full syntax is:",[54,157070,157072],{"className":56,"code":157071,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157073,157074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157075,157076,157078,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157077,147461],{"class":382},[63,157079,3497],{"class":73},[63,157081,35696],{"class":382},[63,157083,2482],{"class":73},[63,157085,75044],{"class":382},[63,157087,2482],{"class":73},[63,157089,75047],{"class":382},[63,157091,3229],{"class":73},[20,157093,157094],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157096,157097,157102,157107],{},[33,157098,157099,157101],{},[15,157100,35696],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157103,157104,157106],{},[15,157105,75044],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157108,157109,157111],{},[15,157110,75047],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157113,157114],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157116,1820],{},[54,157118,157120],{"className":56,"code":157119,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157121,157122,157154,157158],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157123,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157125,3211],{"class":382},[63,157127,386],{"class":270},[63,157129,8846],{"class":73},[63,157131,1940],{"class":82},[63,157133,102],{"class":73},[63,157135,7397],{"class":82},[63,157137,102],{"class":73},[63,157139,7402],{"class":82},[63,157141,102],{"class":73},[63,157143,50459],{"class":82},[63,157145,102],{"class":73},[63,157147,4682],{"class":82},[63,157149,102],{"class":73},[63,157151,75718],{"class":82},[63,157153,397],{"class":73},[63,157155,157156],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157157,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157159,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157161,70],{"class":69},[63,157163,74],{"class":73},[63,157165,3243],{"class":181},[63,157167,3497],{"class":73},[63,157169,674],{"class":82},[63,157171,2482],{"class":73},[63,157173,1750],{"class":82},[63,157175,2482],{"class":73},[63,157177,274],{"class":82},[63,157179,191],{"class":73},[20,157181,110],{},[54,157183,157185],{"className":56,"code":157184,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157186,157187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157188,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157190,74],{"class":73},[63,157192,15373],{"class":82},[63,157194,102],{"class":73},[63,157196,50459],{"class":82},[63,157198,397],{"class":73},[20,157200,157201,157202,157204,157205,157207,157208,307],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157203,674],{},", stops before index ",[15,157206,1750],{},", and moves by ",[15,157209,274],{},[20,157211,157212,157213,307],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[303,157214,149116],{"href":152542},[49,157216,75634],{"id":75633},[20,157218,157219],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1193,157221,157223,157224,5568],{"id":157222},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157225,75648],{},[54,157227,157229],{"className":56,"code":157228,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157230,157231,157259,157263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157232,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157234,3211],{"class":382},[63,157236,386],{"class":270},[63,157238,8846],{"class":73},[63,157240,1940],{"class":82},[63,157242,102],{"class":73},[63,157244,7397],{"class":82},[63,157246,102],{"class":73},[63,157248,7402],{"class":82},[63,157250,102],{"class":73},[63,157252,50459],{"class":82},[63,157254,102],{"class":73},[63,157256,4682],{"class":82},[63,157258,397],{"class":73},[63,157260,157261],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157262,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157264,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157266,70],{"class":69},[63,157268,74],{"class":73},[63,157270,3243],{"class":181},[63,157272,75153],{"class":73},[63,157274,715],{"class":82},[63,157276,191],{"class":73},[20,157278,110],{},[54,157280,157281],{"className":56,"code":150808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,157282,157283],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157284,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157286,74],{"class":73},[63,157288,1940],{"class":82},[63,157290,102],{"class":73},[63,157292,7397],{"class":82},[63,157294,102],{"class":73},[63,157296,7402],{"class":82},[63,157298,397],{"class":73},[1193,157300,157302],{"id":157301},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[54,157304,157306],{"className":56,"code":157305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157307,157308,157336,157340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157309,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157311,3211],{"class":382},[63,157313,386],{"class":270},[63,157315,8846],{"class":73},[63,157317,1940],{"class":82},[63,157319,102],{"class":73},[63,157321,7397],{"class":82},[63,157323,102],{"class":73},[63,157325,7402],{"class":82},[63,157327,102],{"class":73},[63,157329,50459],{"class":82},[63,157331,102],{"class":73},[63,157333,4682],{"class":82},[63,157335,397],{"class":73},[63,157337,157338],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157339,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157341,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157343,70],{"class":69},[63,157345,74],{"class":73},[63,157347,3243],{"class":181},[63,157349,3497],{"class":73},[63,157351,274],{"class":82},[63,157353,77334],{"class":73},[20,157355,110],{},[54,157357,157359],{"className":56,"code":157358,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157360,157361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157362,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157364,74],{"class":73},[63,157366,36466],{"class":82},[63,157368,102],{"class":73},[63,157370,50459],{"class":82},[63,157372,102],{"class":73},[63,157374,4682],{"class":82},[63,157376,397],{"class":73},[1193,157378,157380],{"id":157379},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[54,157382,157384],{"className":56,"code":157383,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157385,157386,157414,157418],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157387,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157389,3211],{"class":382},[63,157391,386],{"class":270},[63,157393,8846],{"class":73},[63,157395,1940],{"class":82},[63,157397,102],{"class":73},[63,157399,7397],{"class":82},[63,157401,102],{"class":73},[63,157403,7402],{"class":82},[63,157405,102],{"class":73},[63,157407,50459],{"class":82},[63,157409,102],{"class":73},[63,157411,4682],{"class":82},[63,157413,397],{"class":73},[63,157415,157416],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157417,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157419,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157421,70],{"class":69},[63,157423,74],{"class":73},[63,157425,3243],{"class":181},[63,157427,3497],{"class":73},[63,157429,674],{"class":82},[63,157431,2482],{"class":73},[63,157433,952],{"class":82},[63,157435,191],{"class":73},[20,157437,110],{},[54,157439,157441],{"className":56,"code":157440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157442,157443],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157444,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157446,74],{"class":73},[63,157448,15373],{"class":82},[63,157450,102],{"class":73},[63,157452,7402],{"class":82},[63,157454,102],{"class":73},[63,157456,50459],{"class":82},[63,157458,397],{"class":73},[1193,157460,157462],{"id":157461},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[54,157464,157466],{"className":56,"code":157465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157467,157468,157500,157504],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157469,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157471,3211],{"class":382},[63,157473,386],{"class":270},[63,157475,8846],{"class":73},[63,157477,1940],{"class":82},[63,157479,102],{"class":73},[63,157481,7397],{"class":82},[63,157483,102],{"class":73},[63,157485,7402],{"class":82},[63,157487,102],{"class":73},[63,157489,50459],{"class":82},[63,157491,102],{"class":73},[63,157493,4682],{"class":82},[63,157495,102],{"class":73},[63,157497,75718],{"class":82},[63,157499,397],{"class":73},[63,157501,157502],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157503,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157505,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157507,70],{"class":69},[63,157509,74],{"class":73},[63,157511,3243],{"class":181},[63,157513,73740],{"class":73},[63,157515,274],{"class":82},[63,157517,191],{"class":73},[20,157519,110],{},[54,157521,157523],{"className":56,"code":157522,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157524,157525],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157526,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157528,74],{"class":73},[63,157530,1940],{"class":82},[63,157532,102],{"class":73},[63,157534,7402],{"class":82},[63,157536,102],{"class":73},[63,157538,4682],{"class":82},[63,157540,397],{"class":73},[1193,157542,157544],{"id":157543},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[54,157546,157548],{"className":56,"code":157547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157549,157550,157578,157582],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157551,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157553,3211],{"class":382},[63,157555,386],{"class":270},[63,157557,8846],{"class":73},[63,157559,1940],{"class":82},[63,157561,102],{"class":73},[63,157563,7397],{"class":82},[63,157565,102],{"class":73},[63,157567,7402],{"class":82},[63,157569,102],{"class":73},[63,157571,50459],{"class":82},[63,157573,102],{"class":73},[63,157575,4682],{"class":82},[63,157577,397],{"class":73},[63,157579,157580],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157581,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157583,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157585,70],{"class":69},[63,157587,74],{"class":73},[63,157589,3243],{"class":181},[63,157591,73740],{"class":73},[63,157593,1639],{"class":270},[63,157595,674],{"class":82},[63,157597,191],{"class":73},[20,157599,110],{},[54,157601,157603],{"className":56,"code":157602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157604,157605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157606,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157608,74],{"class":73},[63,157610,76412],{"class":82},[63,157612,102],{"class":73},[63,157614,50459],{"class":82},[63,157616,102],{"class":73},[63,157618,7402],{"class":82},[63,157620,102],{"class":73},[63,157622,7397],{"class":82},[63,157624,102],{"class":73},[63,157626,5607],{"class":82},[63,157628,397],{"class":73},[49,157630,75928],{"id":75927},[20,157632,153815],{},[20,157634,157635],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1193,157637,157639],{"id":157638},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[54,157641,157643],{"className":56,"code":157642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157644,157645,157677,157681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157646,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157648,3211],{"class":382},[63,157650,386],{"class":270},[63,157652,8846],{"class":73},[63,157654,1940],{"class":82},[63,157656,102],{"class":73},[63,157658,7397],{"class":82},[63,157660,102],{"class":73},[63,157662,7402],{"class":82},[63,157664,102],{"class":73},[63,157666,50459],{"class":82},[63,157668,102],{"class":73},[63,157670,4682],{"class":82},[63,157672,102],{"class":73},[63,157674,75718],{"class":82},[63,157676,397],{"class":73},[63,157678,157679],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157680,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157682,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157684,70],{"class":69},[63,157686,74],{"class":73},[63,157688,3243],{"class":181},[63,157690,3497],{"class":73},[63,157692,1639],{"class":270},[63,157694,715],{"class":82},[63,157696,77334],{"class":73},[20,157698,110],{},[54,157700,157702],{"className":56,"code":157701,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157703,157704],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157705,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157707,74],{"class":73},[63,157709,56310],{"class":82},[63,157711,102],{"class":73},[63,157713,4682],{"class":82},[63,157715,102],{"class":73},[63,157717,75718],{"class":82},[63,157719,397],{"class":73},[1193,157721,157723],{"id":157722},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[54,157725,157727],{"className":56,"code":157726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157728,157729,157757,157761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157730,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157732,3211],{"class":382},[63,157734,386],{"class":270},[63,157736,8846],{"class":73},[63,157738,1940],{"class":82},[63,157740,102],{"class":73},[63,157742,7397],{"class":82},[63,157744,102],{"class":73},[63,157746,7402],{"class":82},[63,157748,102],{"class":73},[63,157750,50459],{"class":82},[63,157752,102],{"class":73},[63,157754,4682],{"class":82},[63,157756,397],{"class":73},[63,157758,157759],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157760,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157762,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157764,70],{"class":69},[63,157766,74],{"class":73},[63,157768,3243],{"class":181},[63,157770,75153],{"class":73},[63,157772,1639],{"class":270},[63,157774,674],{"class":82},[63,157776,191],{"class":73},[20,157778,110],{},[54,157780,157782],{"className":56,"code":157781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157783,157784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157785,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157787,74],{"class":73},[63,157789,1940],{"class":82},[63,157791,102],{"class":73},[63,157793,7397],{"class":82},[63,157795,102],{"class":73},[63,157797,7402],{"class":82},[63,157799,102],{"class":73},[63,157801,50459],{"class":82},[63,157803,397],{"class":73},[20,157805,157806,157807,307],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[303,157808,150365],{"href":156699},[49,157810,157812],{"id":157811},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157814,1597,157815,157817],{},[15,157816,75047],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,157819,157820,157822,157824,157830],{},[33,157821,76184],{},[33,157823,76187],{},[33,157825,157826,157829],{},[15,157827,157828],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,157831,157832,157833,157835],{},"A step of ",[15,157834,1734],{}," is not allowed",[20,157837,157838],{},"Example with a positive step:",[54,157840,157842],{"className":56,"code":157841,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157843,157844,157876,157880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157845,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157847,3211],{"class":382},[63,157849,386],{"class":270},[63,157851,8846],{"class":73},[63,157853,1940],{"class":82},[63,157855,102],{"class":73},[63,157857,7397],{"class":82},[63,157859,102],{"class":73},[63,157861,7402],{"class":82},[63,157863,102],{"class":73},[63,157865,50459],{"class":82},[63,157867,102],{"class":73},[63,157869,4682],{"class":82},[63,157871,102],{"class":73},[63,157873,75718],{"class":82},[63,157875,397],{"class":73},[63,157877,157878],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157879,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157881,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157883,70],{"class":69},[63,157885,74],{"class":73},[63,157887,3243],{"class":181},[63,157889,3497],{"class":73},[63,157891,674],{"class":82},[63,157893,2482],{"class":73},[63,157895,80212],{"class":82},[63,157897,2482],{"class":73},[63,157899,274],{"class":82},[63,157901,191],{"class":73},[20,157903,110],{},[54,157905,157907],{"className":56,"code":157906,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157908,157909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157910,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157912,74],{"class":73},[63,157914,15373],{"class":82},[63,157916,102],{"class":73},[63,157918,50459],{"class":82},[63,157920,102],{"class":73},[63,157922,75718],{"class":82},[63,157924,397],{"class":73},[20,157926,157927],{},"Example with a negative step:",[54,157929,157931],{"className":56,"code":157930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157932,157933,157961,157965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157934,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157936,3211],{"class":382},[63,157938,386],{"class":270},[63,157940,8846],{"class":73},[63,157942,1940],{"class":82},[63,157944,102],{"class":73},[63,157946,7397],{"class":82},[63,157948,102],{"class":73},[63,157950,7402],{"class":82},[63,157952,102],{"class":73},[63,157954,50459],{"class":82},[63,157956,102],{"class":73},[63,157958,4682],{"class":82},[63,157960,397],{"class":73},[63,157962,157963],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,157964,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,157966,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,157968,70],{"class":69},[63,157970,74],{"class":73},[63,157972,3243],{"class":181},[63,157974,3497],{"class":73},[63,157976,952],{"class":82},[63,157978,2482],{"class":73},[63,157980,674],{"class":82},[63,157982,2482],{"class":73},[63,157984,1639],{"class":270},[63,157986,674],{"class":82},[63,157988,191],{"class":73},[20,157990,110],{},[54,157992,157994],{"className":56,"code":157993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157995,157996],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157997,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157999,74],{"class":73},[63,158001,76412],{"class":82},[63,158003,102],{"class":73},[63,158005,50459],{"class":82},[63,158007,102],{"class":73},[63,158009,7402],{"class":82},[63,158011,397],{"class":73},[20,158013,158014],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[54,158016,158018],{"className":56,"code":158017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158019,158020,158040,158044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158021,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158023,3211],{"class":382},[63,158025,386],{"class":270},[63,158027,8846],{"class":73},[63,158029,1940],{"class":82},[63,158031,102],{"class":73},[63,158033,7397],{"class":82},[63,158035,102],{"class":73},[63,158037,7402],{"class":82},[63,158039,397],{"class":73},[63,158041,158042],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158043,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158045,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158047,70],{"class":69},[63,158049,74],{"class":73},[63,158051,3243],{"class":181},[63,158053,73740],{"class":73},[63,158055,1734],{"class":82},[63,158057,191],{"class":73},[20,158059,158060],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[49,158062,158064],{"id":158063},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158066,158067,158068,33364],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[833,158069,48568],{},[1193,158071,158073],{"id":158072},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[54,158075,158077],{"className":56,"code":158076,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158078,158079,158103,158107,158125,158129,158139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158080,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158082,3211],{"class":382},[63,158084,386],{"class":270},[63,158086,8846],{"class":73},[63,158088,1940],{"class":82},[63,158090,102],{"class":73},[63,158092,7397],{"class":82},[63,158094,102],{"class":73},[63,158096,7402],{"class":82},[63,158098,102],{"class":73},[63,158100,50459],{"class":82},[63,158102,397],{"class":73},[63,158104,158105],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158106,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158108,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158110,383],{"class":382},[63,158112,386],{"class":270},[63,158114,3862],{"class":382},[63,158116,3497],{"class":73},[63,158118,674],{"class":82},[63,158120,2482],{"class":73},[63,158122,715],{"class":82},[63,158124,3229],{"class":73},[63,158126,158127],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,158128,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158130,158131,158133,158135,158137],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,158132,70],{"class":69},[63,158134,74],{"class":73},[63,158136,406],{"class":181},[63,158138,397],{"class":73},[63,158140,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,158142,70],{"class":69},[63,158144,74],{"class":73},[63,158146,418],{"class":417},[63,158148,74],{"class":73},[63,158150,406],{"class":181},[63,158152,86],{"class":73},[20,158154,110],{},[54,158156,158158],{"className":56,"code":158157,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158159,158160,158172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158161,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158163,74],{"class":73},[63,158165,15373],{"class":82},[63,158167,102],{"class":73},[63,158169,7402],{"class":82},[63,158171,397],{"class":73},[63,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158175,441],{"class":270},[63,158177,445],{"class":444},[63,158179,449],{"class":448},[63,158181,48568],{"class":452},[63,158183,456],{"class":448},[63,158185,459],{"class":270},[1193,158187,158189],{"id":158188},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[54,158191,158193],{"className":56,"code":158192,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158194,158195,158215,158219,158237,158241,158251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158196,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158198,3211],{"class":382},[63,158200,386],{"class":270},[63,158202,8846],{"class":73},[63,158204,1940],{"class":82},[63,158206,102],{"class":73},[63,158208,7397],{"class":82},[63,158210,102],{"class":73},[63,158212,7402],{"class":82},[63,158214,397],{"class":73},[63,158216,158217],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158218,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158220,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158222,383],{"class":382},[63,158224,386],{"class":270},[63,158226,3862],{"class":382},[63,158228,3497],{"class":73},[63,158230,674],{"class":82},[63,158232,2482],{"class":73},[63,158234,274],{"class":82},[63,158236,3229],{"class":73},[63,158238,158239],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,158240,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158242,158243,158245,158247,158249],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,158244,70],{"class":69},[63,158246,74],{"class":73},[63,158248,406],{"class":181},[63,158250,397],{"class":73},[63,158252,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,158254,70],{"class":69},[63,158256,74],{"class":73},[63,158258,418],{"class":417},[63,158260,74],{"class":73},[63,158262,406],{"class":181},[63,158264,86],{"class":73},[20,158266,110],{},[54,158268,158270],{"className":56,"code":158269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158271,158272,158280],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158273,158274,158276,158278],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158275,74],{"class":73},[63,158277,15373],{"class":82},[63,158279,148799],{"class":73},[63,158281,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158283,441],{"class":270},[63,158285,445],{"class":444},[63,158287,449],{"class":448},[63,158289,48568],{"class":452},[63,158291,456],{"class":448},[63,158293,459],{"class":270},[1193,158295,158297],{"id":158296},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[54,158299,158301],{"className":56,"code":158300,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158302,158303,158323,158327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158304,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158306,3211],{"class":382},[63,158308,386],{"class":270},[63,158310,8846],{"class":73},[63,158312,1940],{"class":82},[63,158314,102],{"class":73},[63,158316,7397],{"class":82},[63,158318,102],{"class":73},[63,158320,7402],{"class":82},[63,158322,397],{"class":73},[63,158324,158325],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158326,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158328,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158330,70],{"class":69},[63,158332,74],{"class":73},[63,158334,3243],{"class":181},[63,158336,3497],{"class":73},[63,158338,1750],{"class":82},[63,158340,2482],{"class":73},[63,158342,1955],{"class":82},[63,158344,191],{"class":73},[20,158346,110],{},[54,158348,158349],{"className":56,"code":8252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,158350,158351],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158352,158353],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158354,8252],{"class":73},[20,158356,158357,158358,307],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[303,158359,155535],{"href":150422},[49,158361,158363],{"id":158362},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158365,158366],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158368,158369,158371,158374,158379],{},[33,158370,76493],{},[33,158372,158373],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158375,158376,158377],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158378,70349],{},[33,158380,158381],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158383,1820],{},[54,158385,158387],{"className":56,"code":158386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158388,158389,158409,158413,158430,158451],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158390,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158392,3211],{"class":382},[63,158394,386],{"class":270},[63,158396,8846],{"class":73},[63,158398,1940],{"class":82},[63,158400,102],{"class":73},[63,158402,7397],{"class":82},[63,158404,102],{"class":73},[63,158406,7402],{"class":82},[63,158408,397],{"class":73},[63,158410,158411],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158412,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158416,70],{"class":69},[63,158418,74],{"class":73},[63,158420,3243],{"class":181},[63,158422,3497],{"class":73},[63,158424,674],{"class":82},[63,158426,20065],{"class":73},[63,158428,158429],{"class":1357},"    # one item\n",[63,158431,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,158433,70],{"class":69},[63,158435,74],{"class":73},[63,158437,3243],{"class":181},[63,158439,3497],{"class":73},[63,158441,674],{"class":82},[63,158443,2482],{"class":73},[63,158445,1750],{"class":82},[63,158447,20065],{"class":73},[63,158449,158450],{"class":1357},"  # slice\n",[63,158452,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,158454,70],{"class":69},[63,158456,74],{"class":73},[63,158458,3243],{"class":181},[63,158460,3497],{"class":73},[63,158462,1750],{"class":82},[63,158464,2482],{"class":73},[63,158466,1955],{"class":82},[63,158468,20065],{"class":73},[63,158470,158471],{"class":1357},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158473,110],{},[54,158475,158477],{"className":56,"code":158476,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158478,158479,158483,158495],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158480,158481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158482,70842],{"class":82},[63,158484,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158486,74],{"class":73},[63,158488,15373],{"class":82},[63,158490,102],{"class":73},[63,158492,7402],{"class":82},[63,158494,397],{"class":73},[63,158496,158497],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158498,8252],{"class":73},[20,158500,158501],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[54,158503,158505],{"className":56,"code":158504,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158506,158507,158527,158531],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158508,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158510,3211],{"class":382},[63,158512,386],{"class":270},[63,158514,8846],{"class":73},[63,158516,1940],{"class":82},[63,158518,102],{"class":73},[63,158520,7397],{"class":82},[63,158522,102],{"class":73},[63,158524,7402],{"class":82},[63,158526,397],{"class":73},[63,158528,158529],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158530,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158532,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158534,70],{"class":69},[63,158536,74],{"class":73},[63,158538,3243],{"class":181},[63,158540,3497],{"class":73},[63,158542,1750],{"class":82},[63,158544,191],{"class":73},[20,158546,158547,158548,158550,158551,307],{},"This raises an ",[15,158549,70349],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[303,158552,154288],{"href":158553},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[49,158555,14795],{"id":76760},[20,158557,158558],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,158560,158561,158564,158566,158569],{},[33,158562,158563],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,158565,60311],{},[33,158567,158568],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,158570,158571,158572],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158573,1734],{},[20,158575,158576],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1193,158578,158580],{"id":158579},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[54,158582,158583],{"className":56,"code":157383,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,158584,158585,158613,158617],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158586,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158588,3211],{"class":382},[63,158590,386],{"class":270},[63,158592,8846],{"class":73},[63,158594,1940],{"class":82},[63,158596,102],{"class":73},[63,158598,7397],{"class":82},[63,158600,102],{"class":73},[63,158602,7402],{"class":82},[63,158604,102],{"class":73},[63,158606,50459],{"class":82},[63,158608,102],{"class":73},[63,158610,4682],{"class":82},[63,158612,397],{"class":73},[63,158614,158615],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158616,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158618,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631,158633],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158620,70],{"class":69},[63,158622,74],{"class":73},[63,158624,3243],{"class":181},[63,158626,3497],{"class":73},[63,158628,674],{"class":82},[63,158630,2482],{"class":73},[63,158632,952],{"class":82},[63,158634,191],{"class":73},[20,158636,110],{},[54,158638,158639],{"className":56,"code":157440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,158640,158641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158642,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158644,74],{"class":73},[63,158646,15373],{"class":82},[63,158648,102],{"class":73},[63,158650,7402],{"class":82},[63,158652,102],{"class":73},[63,158654,50459],{"class":82},[63,158656,397],{"class":73},[20,158658,131867,158659,158661],{},[15,158660,952],{}," is not included.",[1193,158663,158665],{"id":158664},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158667,4126],{},[54,158669,158671],{"className":56,"code":158670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158672,158673,158697,158701],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158674,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158676,3211],{"class":382},[63,158678,386],{"class":270},[63,158680,8846],{"class":73},[63,158682,1940],{"class":82},[63,158684,102],{"class":73},[63,158686,7397],{"class":82},[63,158688,102],{"class":73},[63,158690,7402],{"class":82},[63,158692,102],{"class":73},[63,158694,50459],{"class":82},[63,158696,397],{"class":73},[63,158698,158699],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158700,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158702,158703],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158704,158705],{"class":1357},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158707,158708],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[54,158710,158711],{"className":56,"code":154368,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,158712,158713,158737,158741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158714,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158716,3211],{"class":382},[63,158718,386],{"class":270},[63,158720,8846],{"class":73},[63,158722,1940],{"class":82},[63,158724,102],{"class":73},[63,158726,7397],{"class":82},[63,158728,102],{"class":73},[63,158730,7402],{"class":82},[63,158732,102],{"class":73},[63,158734,50459],{"class":82},[63,158736,397],{"class":73},[63,158738,158739],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158740,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158742,158743,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158744,70],{"class":69},[63,158746,74],{"class":73},[63,158748,3243],{"class":181},[63,158750,3497],{"class":73},[63,158752,674],{"class":82},[63,158754,2482],{"class":73},[63,158756,715],{"class":82},[63,158758,191],{"class":73},[1193,158760,158762],{"id":158761},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[54,158764,158766],{"className":56,"code":158765,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158767,158768,158792,158796,158811,158815,158826],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158769,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158771,3211],{"class":382},[63,158773,386],{"class":270},[63,158775,8846],{"class":73},[63,158777,1940],{"class":82},[63,158779,102],{"class":73},[63,158781,7397],{"class":82},[63,158783,102],{"class":73},[63,158785,7402],{"class":82},[63,158787,102],{"class":73},[63,158789,50459],{"class":82},[63,158791,397],{"class":73},[63,158793,158794],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158795,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158797,158798,158801,158803,158805,158807,158809],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158799,158800],{"class":382},"slice_result ",[63,158802,386],{"class":270},[63,158804,3862],{"class":382},[63,158806,75153],{"class":73},[63,158808,274],{"class":82},[63,158810,3229],{"class":73},[63,158812,158813],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,158814,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,158816,158817,158819,158821,158824],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,158818,70],{"class":69},[63,158820,74],{"class":73},[63,158822,158823],{"class":181},"slice_result",[63,158825,397],{"class":73},[63,158827,158828,158830,158832,158834],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,158829,70],{"class":69},[63,158831,74],{"class":73},[63,158833,3243],{"class":181},[63,158835,397],{"class":73},[20,158837,110],{},[54,158839,158841],{"className":56,"code":158840,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158842,158843,158855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158844,158845,158847,158849,158851,158853],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158846,74],{"class":73},[63,158848,1940],{"class":82},[63,158850,102],{"class":73},[63,158852,7397],{"class":82},[63,158854,397],{"class":73},[63,158856,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158858,74],{"class":73},[63,158860,1940],{"class":82},[63,158862,102],{"class":73},[63,158864,7397],{"class":82},[63,158866,102],{"class":73},[63,158868,7402],{"class":82},[63,158870,102],{"class":73},[63,158872,50459],{"class":82},[63,158874,397],{"class":73},[20,158876,158877],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[49,158879,113181],{"id":113180},[20,158881,158882],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,158884,158885,158888,158891,158897,158900],{},[33,158886,158887],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,158889,158890],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,158892,158893,158894],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158895,158896],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,158898,158899],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,158901,158902],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158904,158905],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[54,158907,158909],{"className":56,"code":158908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158910,158911,158921,158939,158961],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158912,158913,158915,158917,158919],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158914,70],{"class":69},[63,158916,74],{"class":73},[63,158918,147461],{"class":181},[63,158920,397],{"class":73},[63,158922,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,158924,70],{"class":69},[63,158926,74],{"class":73},[63,158928,147461],{"class":181},[63,158930,3497],{"class":73},[63,158932,674],{"class":82},[63,158934,2482],{"class":73},[63,158936,952],{"class":82},[63,158938,191],{"class":73},[63,158940,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951,158953,158955,158957,158959],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,158942,70],{"class":69},[63,158944,74],{"class":73},[63,158946,418],{"class":417},[63,158948,74],{"class":73},[63,158950,147461],{"class":181},[63,158952,3497],{"class":73},[63,158954,674],{"class":82},[63,158956,2482],{"class":73},[63,158958,952],{"class":82},[63,158960,2596],{"class":73},[63,158962,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,158964,70],{"class":69},[63,158966,74],{"class":73},[63,158968,10774],{"class":69},[63,158970,74],{"class":73},[63,158972,147461],{"class":181},[63,158974,86],{"class":73},[20,158976,10783],{},[30,158978,158979,158981,158984,158987],{},[33,158980,154675],{},[33,158982,158983],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,158985,158986],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,158988,158989],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[49,158991,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,158993,158995],{"id":158994},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158997,158998],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1193,159000,159002],{"id":159001},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159004,159005],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1193,159007,4744,159009,39587],{"id":159008},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159010,157828],{},[20,159012,159013],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1193,159015,159017,159018,1506],{"id":159016},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159019,70349],{},[20,159021,159022,159023,307],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159024,70349],{},[49,159026,1517],{"id":1516},[30,159028,159029,159033,159037,159041,159045],{},[33,159030,159031],{},[303,159032,155535],{"href":150422},[33,159034,159035],{},[303,159036,149116],{"href":152542},[33,159038,159039],{},[303,159040,150365],{"href":156699},[33,159042,159043],{},[303,159044,147443],{"href":157061},[33,159046,159047],{},[303,159048,154288],{"href":158553},[1542,159050,159051],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":159053},[159054,159055,159056,159057,159065,159069,159070,159075,159076,159081,159082,159090],{"id":51,"depth":89,"text":52},{"id":156861,"depth":89,"text":156862},{"id":157064,"depth":89,"text":157065},{"id":75633,"depth":89,"text":75634,"children":159058},[159059,159061,159062,159063,159064],{"id":157222,"depth":254,"text":159060},"Get the first n items",{"id":157301,"depth":254,"text":157302},{"id":157379,"depth":254,"text":157380},{"id":157461,"depth":254,"text":157462},{"id":157543,"depth":254,"text":157544},{"id":75927,"depth":89,"text":75928,"children":159066},[159067,159068],{"id":157638,"depth":254,"text":157639},{"id":157722,"depth":254,"text":157723},{"id":157811,"depth":89,"text":157812},{"id":158063,"depth":89,"text":158064,"children":159071},[159072,159073,159074],{"id":158072,"depth":254,"text":158073},{"id":158188,"depth":254,"text":158189},{"id":158296,"depth":254,"text":158297},{"id":158362,"depth":89,"text":158363},{"id":76760,"depth":89,"text":14795,"children":159077},[159078,159079,159080],{"id":158579,"depth":254,"text":158580},{"id":158664,"depth":254,"text":158665},{"id":158761,"depth":254,"text":158762},{"id":113180,"depth":89,"text":113181},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":159083},[159084,159085,159086,159088],{"id":158994,"depth":254,"text":158995},{"id":159001,"depth":254,"text":159002},{"id":159008,"depth":254,"text":159087},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159016,"depth":254,"text":159089},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156705,"description":159091},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159098,"title":159099,"body":159100,"description":160923,"extension":1580,"meta":160924,"navigation":579,"path":34430,"seo":160925,"stem":160926,"__hash__":160927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159101,"toc":160889},[159102,159107,159112,159116,159134,159137,159152,159158,159160,159217,159219,159251,159263,159269,159274,159277,159312,159318,159320,159323,159337,159340,159342,159365,159367,159385,159388,159404,159406,159409,159522,159524,159613,159616,159621,159627,159630,159633,159732,159734,159793,159798,159801,159870,159874,159906,159922,159927,159934,159941,159953,159955,160004,160006,160029,160035,160083,160088,160095,160103,160109,160112,160136,160139,160141,160217,160219,160244,160250,160253,160258,160262,160276,160278,160341,160343,160375,160378,160394,160396,160402,160409,160411,160430,160432,160450,160457,160462,160469,160471,160508,160511,160518,160522,160525,160583,160586,160589,160644,160646,160658,160664,160666,160670,160703,160710,160712,160775,160778,160780,160785,160799,160806,160814,160823,160832,160838,160844,160846,160886],[10,159103,13,159105,18],{"id":159104},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159106,1911],{},[20,159108,31939,159109,159111],{},[15,159110,1911],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159113,62386,159114,104025],{},[15,159115,1911],{},[30,159117,159118,159121,159124,159127],{},[33,159119,159120],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159122,159123],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159125,159126],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159128,159129,159130],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[303,159131,159132],{"href":7828},[15,159133,2555],{},[20,159135,159136],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[54,159138,159140],{"className":56,"code":159139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"type(object)\n",[15,159141,159142],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159143,159144,159146,159148,159150],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159145,418],{"class":417},[63,159147,74],{"class":73},[63,159149,42015],{"class":417},[63,159151,397],{"class":73},[20,159153,159154,159155,159157],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159156,1911],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[49,159159,3201],{"id":3200},[54,159161,159163],{"className":56,"code":159162,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159164,159165,159177,159191,159195,159203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159166,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159168,7484],{"class":382},[63,159170,386],{"class":270},[63,159172,1375],{"class":448},[63,159174,4605],{"class":452},[63,159176,1381],{"class":448},[63,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159180,70],{"class":69},[63,159182,74],{"class":73},[63,159184,418],{"class":417},[63,159186,74],{"class":73},[63,159188,7274],{"class":181},[63,159190,86],{"class":73},[63,159192,159193],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,159194,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,159196,159197,159199,159201],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,159198,1386],{"class":382},[63,159200,386],{"class":270},[63,159202,2190],{"class":82},[63,159204,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,159206,70],{"class":69},[63,159208,74],{"class":73},[63,159210,418],{"class":417},[63,159212,74],{"class":73},[63,159214,182],{"class":181},[63,159216,86],{"class":73},[20,159218,110],{},[54,159220,159221],{"className":56,"code":124528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,159222,159223,159237],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159224,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233,159235],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159226,441],{"class":270},[63,159228,445],{"class":444},[63,159230,449],{"class":448},[63,159232,3037],{"class":452},[63,159234,456],{"class":448},[63,159236,459],{"class":270},[63,159238,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159240,441],{"class":270},[63,159242,445],{"class":444},[63,159244,449],{"class":448},[63,159246,453],{"class":452},[63,159248,456],{"class":448},[63,159250,459],{"class":270},[20,159252,128,159253,159256,159257,3993,159260,307],{},[15,159254,159255],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159258,159259],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159261,159262],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[49,159264,12612,159266,159268],{"id":159265},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159267,1911],{}," function does",[20,159270,159271,159273],{},[15,159272,1911],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159275,159276],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159278,159279,159284,159289,159294,159299,159304],{},[33,159280,159281,159283],{},[15,159282,3037],{}," for text",[33,159285,159286,159288],{},[15,159287,453],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159290,159291,159293],{},[15,159292,1804],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159295,159296,159298],{},[15,159297,7702],{}," for lists",[33,159300,159301,159303],{},[15,159302,8431],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159305,159306,68713,159308,3993,159310],{},[15,159307,3464],{},[15,159309,3196],{},[15,159311,3269],{},[20,159313,159314,159315,159317],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159316,1911],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[49,159319,164],{"id":163},[20,159321,159322],{},"The main beginner form is:",[54,159324,159325],{"className":56,"code":159139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,159326,159327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159328,159329,159331,159333,159335],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159330,418],{"class":417},[63,159332,74],{"class":73},[63,159334,42015],{"class":417},[63,159336,397],{"class":73},[20,159338,159339],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159341,1820],{},[54,159343,159345],{"className":56,"code":159344,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159346,159347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159348,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159350,70],{"class":69},[63,159352,74],{"class":73},[63,159354,418],{"class":417},[63,159356,74],{"class":73},[63,159358,2455],{"class":448},[63,159360,3441],{"class":452},[63,159362,2455],{"class":448},[63,159364,86],{"class":73},[20,159366,110],{},[54,159368,159369],{"className":56,"code":45388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,159370,159371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159372,159373,159375,159377,159379,159381,159383],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159374,441],{"class":270},[63,159376,445],{"class":444},[63,159378,449],{"class":448},[63,159380,3037],{"class":452},[63,159382,456],{"class":448},[63,159384,459],{"class":270},[20,159386,159387],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159389,159390,159397],{},[33,159391,159392,159393,632,159395],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159394,64154],{},[15,159396,46144],{},[33,159398,159399,159400,632,159402],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159401,7274],{},[15,159403,8909],{},[49,159405,121340],{"id":121339},[20,159407,159408],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[54,159410,159412],{"className":56,"code":159411,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159413,159414,159432,159446,159460,159482,159508],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159415,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159417,70],{"class":69},[63,159419,74],{"class":73},[63,159421,418],{"class":417},[63,159423,74],{"class":73},[63,159425,2455],{"class":448},[63,159427,3441],{"class":452},[63,159429,2455],{"class":448},[63,159431,86],{"class":73},[63,159433,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442,159444],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159435,70],{"class":69},[63,159437,74],{"class":73},[63,159439,418],{"class":417},[63,159441,74],{"class":73},[63,159443,1940],{"class":82},[63,159445,86],{"class":73},[63,159447,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456,159458],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,159449,70],{"class":69},[63,159451,74],{"class":73},[63,159453,418],{"class":417},[63,159455,74],{"class":73},[63,159457,1378],{"class":82},[63,159459,86],{"class":73},[63,159461,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478,159480],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,159463,70],{"class":69},[63,159465,74],{"class":73},[63,159467,418],{"class":417},[63,159469,2583],{"class":73},[63,159471,674],{"class":82},[63,159473,102],{"class":73},[63,159475,105],{"class":82},[63,159477,102],{"class":73},[63,159479,518],{"class":82},[63,159481,2596],{"class":73},[63,159483,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,159485,70],{"class":69},[63,159487,74],{"class":73},[63,159489,418],{"class":417},[63,159491,5131],{"class":73},[63,159493,2455],{"class":448},[63,159495,7274],{"class":452},[63,159497,2455],{"class":448},[63,159499,2482],{"class":73},[63,159501,1375],{"class":448},[63,159503,4605],{"class":452},[63,159505,2455],{"class":448},[63,159507,5140],{"class":73},[63,159509,159510,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,159511,70],{"class":69},[63,159513,74],{"class":73},[63,159515,418],{"class":417},[63,159517,74],{"class":73},[63,159519,3196],{"class":3448},[63,159521,86],{"class":73},[20,159523,110],{},[54,159525,159527],{"className":56,"code":159526,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159528,159529,159543,159557,159571,159585,159599],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159530,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159532,441],{"class":270},[63,159534,445],{"class":444},[63,159536,449],{"class":448},[63,159538,3037],{"class":452},[63,159540,456],{"class":448},[63,159542,459],{"class":270},[63,159544,159545,159547,159549,159551,159553,159555],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159546,441],{"class":270},[63,159548,445],{"class":444},[63,159550,449],{"class":448},[63,159552,453],{"class":452},[63,159554,456],{"class":448},[63,159556,459],{"class":270},[63,159558,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,159560,441],{"class":270},[63,159562,445],{"class":444},[63,159564,449],{"class":448},[63,159566,1804],{"class":452},[63,159568,456],{"class":448},[63,159570,459],{"class":270},[63,159572,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581,159583],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,159574,441],{"class":270},[63,159576,445],{"class":444},[63,159578,449],{"class":448},[63,159580,7702],{"class":452},[63,159582,456],{"class":448},[63,159584,459],{"class":270},[63,159586,159587,159589,159591,159593,159595,159597],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,159588,441],{"class":270},[63,159590,445],{"class":444},[63,159592,449],{"class":448},[63,159594,8431],{"class":452},[63,159596,456],{"class":448},[63,159598,459],{"class":270},[63,159600,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609,159611],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,159602,441],{"class":270},[63,159604,445],{"class":444},[63,159606,449],{"class":448},[63,159608,3464],{"class":452},[63,159610,456],{"class":448},[63,159612,459],{"class":270},[20,159614,159615],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159617,159618,159619,307],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[303,159620,44415],{"href":48593},[49,159622,311,159624,159626],{"id":159623},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159625,1911],{}," with variables",[20,159628,159629],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159631,159632],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[54,159634,159636],{"className":56,"code":159635,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159637,159638,159646,159664,159668,159680,159698,159702,159714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159639,159640,159642,159644],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159641,984],{"class":382},[63,159643,386],{"class":270},[63,159645,2190],{"class":82},[63,159647,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159649,70],{"class":69},[63,159651,74],{"class":73},[63,159653,1002],{"class":181},[63,159655,102],{"class":73},[63,159657,49005],{"class":417},[63,159659,74],{"class":73},[63,159661,1002],{"class":181},[63,159663,86],{"class":73},[63,159665,159666],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,159667,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,159669,159670,159672,159674,159676,159678],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,159671,984],{"class":382},[63,159673,386],{"class":270},[63,159675,1375],{"class":448},[63,159677,45525],{"class":452},[63,159679,1381],{"class":448},[63,159681,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,159683,70],{"class":69},[63,159685,74],{"class":73},[63,159687,1002],{"class":181},[63,159689,102],{"class":73},[63,159691,49005],{"class":417},[63,159693,74],{"class":73},[63,159695,1002],{"class":181},[63,159697,86],{"class":73},[63,159699,159700],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,159701,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,159703,159704,159706,159708,159710,159712],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,159705,984],{"class":382},[63,159707,386],{"class":270},[63,159709,3216],{"class":73},[63,159711,1940],{"class":82},[63,159713,3229],{"class":73},[63,159715,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730],{"class":65,"line":6029},[63,159717,70],{"class":69},[63,159719,74],{"class":73},[63,159721,1002],{"class":181},[63,159723,102],{"class":73},[63,159725,49005],{"class":417},[63,159727,74],{"class":73},[63,159729,1002],{"class":181},[63,159731,86],{"class":73},[20,159733,110],{},[54,159735,159737],{"className":56,"code":159736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159738,159739,159756,159773],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159740,159741,159743,159746,159748,159750,159752,159754],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159742,1940],{"class":82},[63,159744,159745],{"class":270}," \u003C",[63,159747,445],{"class":444},[63,159749,449],{"class":448},[63,159751,453],{"class":452},[63,159753,456],{"class":448},[63,159755,459],{"class":270},[63,159757,159758,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159759,159760],{"class":382},"ten ",[63,159762,441],{"class":270},[63,159764,445],{"class":444},[63,159766,449],{"class":448},[63,159768,3037],{"class":452},[63,159770,456],{"class":448},[63,159772,459],{"class":270},[63,159774,159775,159777,159779,159781,159783,159785,159787,159789,159791],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,159776,3497],{"class":73},[63,159778,1940],{"class":82},[63,159780,12890],{"class":73},[63,159782,159745],{"class":270},[63,159784,445],{"class":444},[63,159786,449],{"class":448},[63,159788,7702],{"class":452},[63,159790,456],{"class":448},[63,159792,459],{"class":270},[20,159794,159795,159797],{},[15,159796,1911],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159799,159800],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[54,159802,159804],{"className":56,"code":159803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159805,159806,159824,159838,159842,159856],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159807,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159809,2984],{"class":382},[63,159811,386],{"class":270},[63,159813,7851],{"class":69},[63,159815,74],{"class":73},[63,159817,2455],{"class":448},[63,159819,41488],{"class":452},[63,159821,2455],{"class":448},[63,159823,397],{"class":73},[63,159825,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159827,70],{"class":69},[63,159829,74],{"class":73},[63,159831,418],{"class":417},[63,159833,74],{"class":73},[63,159835,3011],{"class":181},[63,159837,86],{"class":73},[63,159839,159840],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,159841,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,159843,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,159845,122452],{"class":382},[63,159847,386],{"class":270},[63,159849,44894],{"class":417},[63,159851,74],{"class":73},[63,159853,3011],{"class":181},[63,159855,397],{"class":73},[63,159857,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866,159868],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,159859,70],{"class":69},[63,159861,74],{"class":73},[63,159863,418],{"class":417},[63,159865,74],{"class":73},[63,159867,122475],{"class":181},[63,159869,86],{"class":73},[20,159871,40740,159872,40743],{},[15,159873,8803],{},[54,159875,159876],{"className":56,"code":124528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,159877,159878,159892],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159879,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159881,441],{"class":270},[63,159883,445],{"class":444},[63,159885,449],{"class":448},[63,159887,3037],{"class":452},[63,159889,456],{"class":448},[63,159891,459],{"class":270},[63,159893,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159895,441],{"class":270},[63,159897,445],{"class":444},[63,159899,449],{"class":448},[63,159901,453],{"class":452},[63,159903,456],{"class":448},[63,159905,459],{"class":270},[20,159907,45321,159908,159912,159913,632,159917,159921],{},[303,159909,159910],{"href":7828},[15,159911,2555],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[303,159914,159915],{"href":465},[15,159916,468],{},[303,159918,159919],{"href":635},[15,159920,638],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159923,159924,159925,307],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[303,159926,8591],{"href":8590},[49,159928,159930,10197,159932],{"id":159929},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159931,1911],{},[15,159933,44423],{},[20,159935,159936,3993,159938,159940],{},[15,159937,1911],{},[15,159939,44423],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,159942,159943,159948],{},[33,159944,159945,159947],{},[15,159946,1911],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,159949,159950,159952],{},[15,159951,44423],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159954,1820],{},[54,159956,159958],{"className":56,"code":159957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159959,159960,159968,159972,159986],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159961,159962,159964,159966],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159963,984],{"class":382},[63,159965,386],{"class":270},[63,159967,34464],{"class":82},[63,159969,159970],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,159971,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,159973,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,159975,70],{"class":69},[63,159977,74],{"class":73},[63,159979,418],{"class":417},[63,159981,74],{"class":73},[63,159983,1002],{"class":181},[63,159985,86],{"class":73},[63,159987,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,159989,70],{"class":69},[63,159991,74],{"class":73},[63,159993,48490],{"class":69},[63,159995,74],{"class":73},[63,159997,1002],{"class":181},[63,159999,102],{"class":73},[63,160001,44894],{"class":417},[63,160003,86],{"class":73},[20,160005,110],{},[54,160007,160009],{"className":56,"code":160008,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160010,160011,160025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160012,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160014,441],{"class":270},[63,160016,445],{"class":444},[63,160018,449],{"class":448},[63,160020,453],{"class":452},[63,160022,456],{"class":448},[63,160024,459],{"class":270},[63,160026,160027],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160028,3577],{"class":3448},[20,160030,160031,160032,160034],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160033,44423],{}," is more practical.",[54,160036,160038],{"className":56,"code":160037,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160039,160040,160048,160052,160068],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160041,160042,160044,160046],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160043,984],{"class":382},[63,160045,386],{"class":270},[63,160047,34464],{"class":82},[63,160049,160050],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160051,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,160053,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,160055,6602],{"class":3473},[63,160057,49228],{"class":69},[63,160059,74],{"class":73},[63,160061,1002],{"class":181},[63,160063,102],{"class":73},[63,160065,44894],{"class":417},[63,160067,7951],{"class":73},[63,160069,160070,160072,160074,160076,160079,160081],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,160071,7677],{"class":69},[63,160073,74],{"class":73},[63,160075,2455],{"class":448},[63,160077,160078],{"class":452},"This is an integer",[63,160080,2455],{"class":448},[63,160082,397],{"class":73},[20,160084,128,160085,160087],{},[15,160086,1911],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160089,128,160090,160092,160093,6777],{},[15,160091,44423],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160094,6602],{},[20,160096,160097,160098,307],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[303,160099,13,160101,469],{"href":160100},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160102,44423],{},[49,160104,160106,160107],{"id":160105},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160108,1911],{},[20,160110,160111],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[54,160113,160115],{"className":56,"code":160114,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160116,160117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160118,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127,160130,160132,160134],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160120,418],{"class":417},[63,160122,74],{"class":73},[63,160124,7274],{"class":181},[63,160126,102],{"class":73},[63,160128,160129],{"class":181}," bases",[63,160131,102],{"class":73},[63,160133,8780],{"class":417},[63,160135,397],{"class":73},[20,160137,160138],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160140,1820],{},[54,160142,160144],{"className":56,"code":160143,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160145,160146,160189,160193,160203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160147,160148,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159,160162,160164,160166,160169,160171,160173,160176,160178,160180,160182,160185,160187],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160149,160150],{"class":382},"Person ",[63,160152,386],{"class":270},[63,160154,49005],{"class":417},[63,160156,74],{"class":73},[63,160158,2455],{"class":448},[63,160160,160161],{"class":452},"Person",[63,160163,2455],{"class":448},[63,160165,102],{"class":73},[63,160167,160168],{"class":73}," (),",[63,160170,10102],{"class":73},[63,160172,2455],{"class":448},[63,160174,160175],{"class":452},"species",[63,160177,2455],{"class":448},[63,160179,2482],{"class":73},[63,160181,1375],{"class":448},[63,160183,160184],{"class":452},"human",[63,160186,2455],{"class":448},[63,160188,30117],{"class":73},[63,160190,160191],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160192,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,160194,160195,160197,160199,160201],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,160196,70],{"class":69},[63,160198,74],{"class":73},[63,160200,160161],{"class":181},[63,160202,397],{"class":73},[63,160204,160205,160207,160209,160211,160213,160215],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,160206,70],{"class":69},[63,160208,74],{"class":73},[63,160210,160161],{"class":181},[63,160212,307],{"class":73},[63,160214,160175],{"class":24370},[63,160216,397],{"class":73},[20,160218,110],{},[54,160220,160222],{"className":56,"code":160221,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160223,160224,160239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160225,160226,160228,160230,160232,160235,160237],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160227,441],{"class":270},[63,160229,445],{"class":444},[63,160231,449],{"class":448},[63,160233,160234],{"class":452},"__main__.Person",[63,160236,456],{"class":448},[63,160238,459],{"class":270},[63,160240,160241],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160242,160243],{"class":382},"human\n",[20,160245,160246,160247,160249],{},"Most beginners do ",[833,160248,973],{}," need this form.",[20,160251,160252],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[49,160254,1114,160256],{"id":160255},"when-to-use-type",[15,160257,1911],{},[20,160259,160260,12060],{},[15,160261,1911],{},[30,160263,160264,160267,160270,160273],{},[33,160265,160266],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160268,160269],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160271,160272],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160274,160275],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160277,777],{},[54,160279,160281],{"className":56,"code":160280,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160282,160283,160295,160309,160313,160327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160284,160285,160287,160289,160291,160293],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160286,1370],{"class":382},[63,160288,386],{"class":270},[63,160290,1375],{"class":448},[63,160292,49861],{"class":452},[63,160294,1381],{"class":448},[63,160296,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160298,1386],{"class":382},[63,160300,386],{"class":270},[63,160302,44894],{"class":417},[63,160304,74],{"class":73},[63,160306,1396],{"class":181},[63,160308,397],{"class":73},[63,160310,160311],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,160312,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,160314,160315,160317,160319,160321,160323,160325],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,160316,70],{"class":69},[63,160318,74],{"class":73},[63,160320,418],{"class":417},[63,160322,74],{"class":73},[63,160324,1396],{"class":181},[63,160326,86],{"class":73},[63,160328,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337,160339],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,160330,70],{"class":69},[63,160332,74],{"class":73},[63,160334,418],{"class":417},[63,160336,74],{"class":73},[63,160338,182],{"class":181},[63,160340,86],{"class":73},[20,160342,110],{},[54,160344,160345],{"className":56,"code":124528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,160346,160347,160361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160348,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160350,441],{"class":270},[63,160352,445],{"class":444},[63,160354,449],{"class":448},[63,160356,3037],{"class":452},[63,160358,456],{"class":448},[63,160360,459],{"class":270},[63,160362,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160364,441],{"class":270},[63,160366,445],{"class":444},[63,160368,449],{"class":448},[63,160370,453],{"class":452},[63,160372,456],{"class":448},[63,160374,459],{"class":270},[20,160376,160377],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160379,160380,160381,1801,160385,16690,160389,160393],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[303,160382,160383],{"href":41792},[15,160384,47300],{},[303,160386,160387],{"href":465},[15,160388,468],{},[303,160390,160391],{"href":635},[15,160392,638],{}," are often the next step.",[49,160395,24977],{"id":24976},[20,160397,160398,160399,160401],{},"A few things about ",[15,160400,1911],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1193,160403,160405,160408],{"id":160404},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160406,160407],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160410,64263],{},[54,160412,160414],{"className":56,"code":160413,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160415,160416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160417,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426,160428],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160419,70],{"class":69},[63,160421,74],{"class":73},[63,160423,418],{"class":417},[63,160425,74],{"class":73},[63,160427,1750],{"class":82},[63,160429,86],{"class":73},[20,160431,122371],{},[54,160433,160434],{"className":56,"code":155883,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,160435,160436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160437,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160439,441],{"class":270},[63,160441,445],{"class":444},[63,160443,449],{"class":448},[63,160445,453],{"class":452},[63,160447,456],{"class":448},[63,160449,459],{"class":270},[20,160451,970,160452,160454,160455,307],{},[833,160453,973],{}," print just ",[15,160456,453],{},[20,160458,6281,160459,160461],{},[15,160460,1911],{}," returns a class object.",[1193,160463,160465,2004,160467],{"id":160464},"input-returns-str",[15,160466,2555],{},[15,160468,3037],{},[20,160470,79160],{},[54,160472,160474],{"className":56,"code":160473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160475,160476,160494],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160477,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488,160490,160492],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160479,984],{"class":382},[63,160481,386],{"class":270},[63,160483,7851],{"class":69},[63,160485,74],{"class":73},[63,160487,2455],{"class":448},[63,160489,45928],{"class":452},[63,160491,2455],{"class":448},[63,160493,397],{"class":73},[63,160495,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504,160506],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160497,70],{"class":69},[63,160499,74],{"class":73},[63,160501,418],{"class":417},[63,160503,74],{"class":73},[63,160505,1002],{"class":181},[63,160507,86],{"class":73},[20,160509,160510],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160512,160513,160514,632,160516,307],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160515,468],{},[15,160517,638],{},[1193,160519,160521],{"id":160520},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160523,160524],{},"Avoid code like this:",[54,160526,160528],{"className":56,"code":160527,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160529,160530,160538,160542,160568],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160531,160532,160534,160536],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160533,984],{"class":382},[63,160535,386],{"class":270},[63,160537,34464],{"class":82},[63,160539,160540],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160541,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,160543,160544,160546,160548,160550,160552,160554,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,160545,6602],{"class":3473},[63,160547,48519],{"class":417},[63,160549,74],{"class":73},[63,160551,418],{"class":417},[63,160553,74],{"class":73},[63,160555,1002],{"class":181},[63,160557,4964],{"class":73},[63,160559,6011],{"class":270},[63,160561,1375],{"class":448},[63,160563,159262],{"class":452},[63,160565,2455],{"class":448},[63,160567,5996],{"class":73},[63,160569,160570,160572,160574,160576,160579,160581],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,160571,7677],{"class":69},[63,160573,74],{"class":73},[63,160575,2455],{"class":448},[63,160577,160578],{"class":452},"It is an int",[63,160580,2455],{"class":448},[63,160582,397],{"class":73},[20,160584,160585],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160587,160588],{},"Better options:",[54,160590,160592],{"className":56,"code":160591,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160593,160594,160602,160606,160626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160595,160596,160598,160600],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160597,984],{"class":382},[63,160599,386],{"class":270},[63,160601,34464],{"class":82},[63,160603,160604],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160605,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,160607,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622,160624],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,160609,70],{"class":69},[63,160611,74],{"class":73},[63,160613,418],{"class":417},[63,160615,74],{"class":73},[63,160617,1002],{"class":181},[63,160619,3256],{"class":73},[63,160621,6011],{"class":270},[63,160623,44894],{"class":417},[63,160625,397],{"class":73},[63,160627,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640,160642],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,160629,70],{"class":69},[63,160631,74],{"class":73},[63,160633,48490],{"class":69},[63,160635,74],{"class":73},[63,160637,1002],{"class":181},[63,160639,102],{"class":73},[63,160641,44894],{"class":417},[63,160643,86],{"class":73},[20,160645,110],{},[54,160647,160648],{"className":56,"code":4105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,160649,160650,160654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160651,160652],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160653,3577],{"class":3448},[63,160655,160656],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160657,3577],{"class":3448},[20,160659,160660,160661,160663],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160662,44423],{}," is the more useful check.",[49,160665,1186],{"id":1185},[20,160667,14351,160668,2482],{},[15,160669,1911],{},[30,160671,160672,160682,160691,160700],{},[33,160673,311,160674,160676,160677,160681],{},[15,160675,1911],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[303,160678,160679],{"href":7828},[15,160680,2555],{}," always returns a string",[33,160683,1196,160684,160686,160687,10704,160689],{},[15,160685,1911],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160688,453],{},[15,160690,159262],{},[33,160692,311,160693,44247,160696,160699],{},[15,160694,160695],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160697,160698],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,160701,160702],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160704,160705,160706,307],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[303,160707,160709],{"href":160708},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160711,144037],{},[54,160713,160715],{"className":56,"code":160714,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160716,160717,160731,160741,160755,160765],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160718,160719,160721,160723,160725,160727,160729],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160720,70],{"class":69},[63,160722,74],{"class":73},[63,160724,418],{"class":417},[63,160726,74],{"class":73},[63,160728,1002],{"class":181},[63,160730,86],{"class":73},[63,160732,160733,160735,160737,160739],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160734,70],{"class":69},[63,160736,74],{"class":73},[63,160738,1002],{"class":181},[63,160740,397],{"class":73},[63,160742,160743,160745,160747,160749,160751,160753],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,160744,70],{"class":69},[63,160746,74],{"class":73},[63,160748,41396],{"class":69},[63,160750,74],{"class":73},[63,160752,1002],{"class":181},[63,160754,86],{"class":73},[63,160756,160757,160759,160761,160763],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,160758,31774],{"class":69},[63,160760,74],{"class":73},[63,160762,418],{"class":417},[63,160764,397],{"class":73},[63,160766,160767,160769,160771,160773],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,160768,33995],{"class":69},[63,160770,74],{"class":73},[63,160772,1002],{"class":181},[63,160774,397],{"class":73},[20,160776,160777],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[49,160779,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,160781,4744,160783,4747],{"id":160782},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160784,1911],{},[20,160786,160787,160788,1801,160790,1801,160792,1805,160794,160796,160797,307],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160789,3037],{},[15,160791,453],{},[15,160793,7702],{},[15,160795,8431],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160798,159259],{},[1193,160800,14521,160802,56823,160804,1506],{"id":160801},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160803,1911],{},[15,160805,44423],{},[20,160807,45983,160808,160810,160811,160813],{},[15,160809,1911],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160812,44423],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1193,160815,4760,160817,160820,160821,1506],{"id":160816},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160818,160819],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160822,3037],{},[20,160824,28681,160825,160827,160828,632,160830,159921],{},[15,160826,2555],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160829,468],{},[15,160831,638],{},[1193,160833,1482,160835,160837],{"id":160834},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160836,1911],{}," create classes?",[20,160839,160840,160841,307],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160842,160843],{},"type(object)",[49,160845,1517],{"id":1516},[30,160847,160848,160852,160858,160864,160868,160874,160880],{},[33,160849,160850],{},[303,160851,44415],{"href":48593},[33,160853,160854],{},[303,160855,13,160856,469],{"href":160100},[15,160857,44423],{},[33,160859,160860],{},[303,160861,13,160862,469],{"href":7828},[15,160863,2555],{},[33,160865,160866],{},[303,160867,8668],{"href":8590},[33,160869,160870],{},[303,160871,13,160872,469],{"href":465},[15,160873,468],{},[33,160875,160876],{},[303,160877,13,160878,469],{"href":635},[15,160879,638],{},[33,160881,160882],{},[303,160883,13,160884,469],{"href":41792},[15,160885,47300],{},[1542,160887,160888],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":89,"depth":89,"links":160890},[160891,160892,160894,160895,160896,160898,160900,160902,160904,160911,160912,160922],{"id":3200,"depth":89,"text":3201},{"id":159265,"depth":89,"text":160893},"What the type() function does",{"id":163,"depth":89,"text":164},{"id":121339,"depth":89,"text":121340},{"id":159623,"depth":89,"text":160897},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159929,"depth":89,"text":160899},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160105,"depth":89,"text":160901},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160255,"depth":89,"text":160903},"When to use type()",{"id":24976,"depth":89,"text":24977,"children":160905},[160906,160908,160910],{"id":160404,"depth":254,"text":160907},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160464,"depth":254,"text":160909},"input() returns str",{"id":160520,"depth":254,"text":160521},{"id":1185,"depth":89,"text":1186},{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":160913},[160914,160916,160918,160920],{"id":160782,"depth":254,"text":160915},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160801,"depth":254,"text":160917},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160816,"depth":254,"text":160919},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160834,"depth":254,"text":160921},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159099,"description":160923},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160929,"title":160930,"body":160931,"description":163410,"extension":1580,"meta":163411,"navigation":579,"path":163412,"seo":163413,"stem":163414,"__hash__":163415},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160932,"toc":163367},[160933,160938,160943,160952,160954,161054,161056,161081,161086,161091,161107,161110,161112,161114,161139,161142,161145,161228,161230,161279,161282,161404,161406,161479,161483,161486,161600,161602,161628,161630,161651,161656,161660,161665,161668,161772,161774,161791,161800,161803,161890,161892,161903,161908,161914,161919,161925,161928,162021,162023,162072,162078,162081,162182,162184,162237,162242,162246,162249,162348,162350,162389,162392,162397,162399,162404,162408,162521,162525,162622,162626,162714,162716,162733,162737,162860,162866,162872,162878,162883,162886,162913,162917,162919,163013,163016,163020,163023,163110,163113,163148,163150,163187,163190,163198,163203,163208,163282,163289,163291,163296,163299,163305,163308,163314,163319,163325,163330,163334,163337,163339,163364],[10,160934,13,160936,18],{"id":160935},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160937,63939],{},[20,160939,160940,160942],{},[15,160941,63939],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160944,160945,160946,160948,160949,160951],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160947,63939],{}," inside a ",[15,160950,5560],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[49,160953,52],{"id":51},[54,160955,160957],{"className":56,"code":160956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160958,160959,160991,161011,161015,161040],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160960,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160962,4596],{"class":382},[63,160964,386],{"class":270},[63,160966,3216],{"class":73},[63,160968,2455],{"class":448},[63,160970,12496],{"class":452},[63,160972,2455],{"class":448},[63,160974,102],{"class":73},[63,160976,1375],{"class":448},[63,160978,35564],{"class":452},[63,160980,2455],{"class":448},[63,160982,102],{"class":73},[63,160984,1375],{"class":448},[63,160986,35573],{"class":452},[63,160988,2455],{"class":448},[63,160990,3229],{"class":73},[63,160992,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003,161005,161007,161009],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,160994,4665],{"class":382},[63,160996,386],{"class":270},[63,160998,3216],{"class":73},[63,161000,13119],{"class":82},[63,161002,102],{"class":73},[63,161004,13124],{"class":82},[63,161006,102],{"class":73},[63,161008,28540],{"class":82},[63,161010,3229],{"class":73},[63,161012,161013],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161014,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,161016,161017,161019,161021,161023,161025,161027,161030,161032,161034,161036,161038],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,161018,5560],{"class":3473},[63,161020,35615],{"class":382},[63,161022,102],{"class":73},[63,161024,4707],{"class":382},[63,161026,3480],{"class":3473},[63,161028,161029],{"class":69}," zip",[63,161031,74],{"class":73},[63,161033,4640],{"class":181},[63,161035,102],{"class":73},[63,161037,4712],{"class":181},[63,161039,7951],{"class":73},[63,161041,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050,161052],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,161043,7677],{"class":69},[63,161045,74],{"class":73},[63,161047,7274],{"class":181},[63,161049,102],{"class":73},[63,161051,130317],{"class":181},[63,161053,397],{"class":73},[20,161055,110],{},[54,161057,161059],{"className":56,"code":161058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161060,161061,161067,161074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161062,161063,161065],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161064,133336],{"class":382},[63,161066,32758],{"class":82},[63,161068,161069,161072],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161070,161071],{"class":382},"Ben ",[63,161073,32763],{"class":82},[63,161075,161076,161079],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161077,161078],{"class":382},"Cara ",[63,161080,32768],{"class":82},[20,161082,128,161083,161085],{},[15,161084,63939],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[49,161087,138,161089,141],{"id":161088},"what-zip-does",[15,161090,63939],{},[30,161092,161093,161098,161101,161104],{},[33,161094,161095,161097],{},[15,161096,63939],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161099,161100],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161102,161103],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161105,161106],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161108,161109],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[49,161111,164],{"id":163},[20,161113,6823],{},[54,161115,161117],{"className":56,"code":161116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161118,161119],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161120,161121,161123,161125,161128,161130,161133,161135,161137],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161122,64009],{"class":69},[63,161124,74],{"class":73},[63,161126,161127],{"class":181},"iterable1",[63,161129,102],{"class":73},[63,161131,161132],{"class":181}," iterable2",[63,161134,102],{"class":73},[63,161136,34077],{"class":69},[63,161138,397],{"class":73},[20,161140,161141],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161143,161144],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[54,161146,161148],{"className":56,"code":161147,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161149,161150,161170,161202,161206],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161151,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160,161162,161164,161166,161168],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161153,3211],{"class":382},[63,161155,386],{"class":270},[63,161157,3216],{"class":73},[63,161159,674],{"class":82},[63,161161,102],{"class":73},[63,161163,105],{"class":82},[63,161165,102],{"class":73},[63,161167,518],{"class":82},[63,161169,3229],{"class":73},[63,161171,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198,161200],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161173,35714],{"class":382},[63,161175,386],{"class":270},[63,161177,3216],{"class":73},[63,161179,2455],{"class":448},[63,161181,303],{"class":452},[63,161183,2455],{"class":448},[63,161185,102],{"class":73},[63,161187,1375],{"class":448},[63,161189,4362],{"class":452},[63,161191,2455],{"class":448},[63,161193,102],{"class":73},[63,161195,1375],{"class":448},[63,161197,9350],{"class":452},[63,161199,2455],{"class":448},[63,161201,3229],{"class":73},[63,161203,161204],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161205,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,161207,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,161209,70],{"class":69},[63,161211,74],{"class":73},[63,161213,7702],{"class":417},[63,161215,74],{"class":73},[63,161217,64009],{"class":69},[63,161219,74],{"class":73},[63,161221,3243],{"class":181},[63,161223,102],{"class":73},[63,161225,69714],{"class":181},[63,161227,2510],{"class":73},[20,161229,110],{},[54,161231,161233],{"className":56,"code":161232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161234,161235],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161236,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161238,21360],{"class":73},[63,161240,674],{"class":82},[63,161242,102],{"class":73},[63,161244,449],{"class":448},[63,161246,303],{"class":452},[63,161248,456],{"class":448},[63,161250,8843],{"class":73},[63,161252,8846],{"class":73},[63,161254,274],{"class":82},[63,161256,102],{"class":73},[63,161258,449],{"class":448},[63,161260,4362],{"class":452},[63,161262,456],{"class":448},[63,161264,8843],{"class":73},[63,161266,8846],{"class":73},[63,161268,715],{"class":82},[63,161270,102],{"class":73},[63,161272,449],{"class":448},[63,161274,9350],{"class":452},[63,161276,456],{"class":448},[63,161278,8859],{"class":73},[20,161280,161281],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[54,161283,161285],{"className":56,"code":161284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161286,161287,161319,161339,161373,161377],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161288,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161290,4596],{"class":382},[63,161292,386],{"class":270},[63,161294,3216],{"class":73},[63,161296,2455],{"class":448},[63,161298,12496],{"class":452},[63,161300,2455],{"class":448},[63,161302,102],{"class":73},[63,161304,1375],{"class":448},[63,161306,35564],{"class":452},[63,161308,2455],{"class":448},[63,161310,102],{"class":73},[63,161312,1375],{"class":448},[63,161314,35573],{"class":452},[63,161316,2455],{"class":448},[63,161318,3229],{"class":73},[63,161320,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161322,4665],{"class":382},[63,161324,386],{"class":270},[63,161326,3216],{"class":73},[63,161328,13119],{"class":82},[63,161330,102],{"class":73},[63,161332,13124],{"class":82},[63,161334,102],{"class":73},[63,161336,28540],{"class":82},[63,161338,3229],{"class":73},[63,161340,161341,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161369,161371],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161342,161343],{"class":382},"grades ",[63,161345,386],{"class":270},[63,161347,3216],{"class":73},[63,161349,2455],{"class":448},[63,161351,21865],{"class":452},[63,161353,2455],{"class":448},[63,161355,102],{"class":73},[63,161357,1375],{"class":448},[63,161359,30221],{"class":452},[63,161361,2455],{"class":448},[63,161363,102],{"class":73},[63,161365,1375],{"class":448},[63,161367,161368],{"class":452},"B+",[63,161370,2455],{"class":448},[63,161372,3229],{"class":73},[63,161374,161375],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,161376,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,161378,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161402],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,161380,70],{"class":69},[63,161382,74],{"class":73},[63,161384,7702],{"class":417},[63,161386,74],{"class":73},[63,161388,64009],{"class":69},[63,161390,74],{"class":73},[63,161392,4640],{"class":181},[63,161394,102],{"class":73},[63,161396,4712],{"class":181},[63,161398,102],{"class":73},[63,161400,161401],{"class":181}," grades",[63,161403,2510],{"class":73},[20,161405,110],{},[54,161407,161409],{"className":56,"code":161408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161410,161411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161412,161413,161415,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161414,21360],{"class":73},[63,161416,456],{"class":448},[63,161418,12496],{"class":452},[63,161420,456],{"class":448},[63,161422,102],{"class":73},[63,161424,19518],{"class":82},[63,161426,102],{"class":73},[63,161428,449],{"class":448},[63,161430,21865],{"class":452},[63,161432,456],{"class":448},[63,161434,8843],{"class":73},[63,161436,8846],{"class":73},[63,161438,456],{"class":448},[63,161440,35564],{"class":452},[63,161442,456],{"class":448},[63,161444,102],{"class":73},[63,161446,13124],{"class":82},[63,161448,102],{"class":73},[63,161450,449],{"class":448},[63,161452,30221],{"class":452},[63,161454,456],{"class":448},[63,161456,8843],{"class":73},[63,161458,8846],{"class":73},[63,161460,456],{"class":448},[63,161462,35573],{"class":452},[63,161464,456],{"class":448},[63,161466,102],{"class":73},[63,161468,28540],{"class":82},[63,161470,102],{"class":73},[63,161472,449],{"class":448},[63,161474,161368],{"class":452},[63,161476,456],{"class":448},[63,161478,8859],{"class":73},[49,161480,161482],{"id":161481},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161484,161485],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[54,161487,161489],{"className":56,"code":161488,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161490,161491,161523,161543,161547,161571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161492,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161494,4596],{"class":382},[63,161496,386],{"class":270},[63,161498,3216],{"class":73},[63,161500,2455],{"class":448},[63,161502,12496],{"class":452},[63,161504,2455],{"class":448},[63,161506,102],{"class":73},[63,161508,1375],{"class":448},[63,161510,35564],{"class":452},[63,161512,2455],{"class":448},[63,161514,102],{"class":73},[63,161516,1375],{"class":448},[63,161518,35573],{"class":452},[63,161520,2455],{"class":448},[63,161522,3229],{"class":73},[63,161524,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161526,4665],{"class":382},[63,161528,386],{"class":270},[63,161530,3216],{"class":73},[63,161532,13119],{"class":82},[63,161534,102],{"class":73},[63,161536,13124],{"class":82},[63,161538,102],{"class":73},[63,161540,28540],{"class":82},[63,161542,3229],{"class":73},[63,161544,161545],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161546,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,161548,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,161550,5560],{"class":3473},[63,161552,35615],{"class":382},[63,161554,102],{"class":73},[63,161556,4707],{"class":382},[63,161558,3480],{"class":3473},[63,161560,161029],{"class":69},[63,161562,74],{"class":73},[63,161564,4640],{"class":181},[63,161566,102],{"class":73},[63,161568,4712],{"class":181},[63,161570,7951],{"class":73},[63,161572,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,161574,7677],{"class":69},[63,161576,74],{"class":73},[63,161578,21914],{"class":444},[63,161580,2455],{"class":452},[63,161582,8888],{"class":82},[63,161584,7274],{"class":181},[63,161586,21923],{"class":82},[63,161588,161589],{"class":452}," scored ",[63,161591,8888],{"class":82},[63,161593,85138],{"class":181},[63,161595,21923],{"class":82},[63,161597,2455],{"class":452},[63,161599,397],{"class":73},[20,161601,110],{},[54,161603,161605],{"className":56,"code":161604,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161606,161607,161614,161621],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161608,161609,161612],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161610,161611],{"class":382},"Ana scored ",[63,161613,32758],{"class":82},[63,161615,161616,161619],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161617,161618],{"class":382},"Ben scored ",[63,161620,32763],{"class":82},[63,161622,161623,161626],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161624,161625],{"class":382},"Cara scored ",[63,161627,32768],{"class":82},[20,161629,44548],{},[30,161631,161632,161641,161644],{},[33,161633,161634,161637,161638],{},[15,161635,161636],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161639,161640],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,161642,161643],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,161645,161646,3993,161648,161650],{},[15,161647,7274],{},[15,161649,85138],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161652,161653,161654,307],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[303,161655,69231],{"href":69230},[49,161657,161659],{"id":161658},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161661,161662,161664],{},[15,161663,63939],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161666,161667],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[54,161669,161671],{"className":56,"code":161670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161672,161673,161714,161730,161734,161758],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161674,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161710,161712],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161676,4596],{"class":382},[63,161678,386],{"class":270},[63,161680,3216],{"class":73},[63,161682,2455],{"class":448},[63,161684,12496],{"class":452},[63,161686,2455],{"class":448},[63,161688,102],{"class":73},[63,161690,1375],{"class":448},[63,161692,35564],{"class":452},[63,161694,2455],{"class":448},[63,161696,102],{"class":73},[63,161698,1375],{"class":448},[63,161700,35573],{"class":452},[63,161702,2455],{"class":448},[63,161704,102],{"class":73},[63,161706,1375],{"class":448},[63,161708,161709],{"class":452},"Dan",[63,161711,2455],{"class":448},[63,161713,3229],{"class":73},[63,161715,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161717,4665],{"class":382},[63,161719,386],{"class":270},[63,161721,3216],{"class":73},[63,161723,13119],{"class":82},[63,161725,102],{"class":73},[63,161727,13124],{"class":82},[63,161729,3229],{"class":73},[63,161731,161732],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161733,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,161735,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,161737,5560],{"class":3473},[63,161739,35615],{"class":382},[63,161741,102],{"class":73},[63,161743,4707],{"class":382},[63,161745,3480],{"class":3473},[63,161747,161029],{"class":69},[63,161749,74],{"class":73},[63,161751,4640],{"class":181},[63,161753,102],{"class":73},[63,161755,4712],{"class":181},[63,161757,7951],{"class":73},[63,161759,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,161761,7677],{"class":69},[63,161763,74],{"class":73},[63,161765,7274],{"class":181},[63,161767,102],{"class":73},[63,161769,130317],{"class":181},[63,161771,397],{"class":73},[20,161773,110],{},[54,161775,161777],{"className":56,"code":161776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161778,161779,161785],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161780,161781,161783],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161782,133336],{"class":382},[63,161784,32758],{"class":82},[63,161786,161787,161789],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161788,161071],{"class":382},[63,161790,32763],{"class":82},[20,161792,1895,161793,3993,161796,161799],{},[15,161794,161795],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161797,161798],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161801,161802],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[54,161804,161806],{"className":56,"code":161805,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161807,161808,161848,161864,161868],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161809,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161811,4596],{"class":382},[63,161813,386],{"class":270},[63,161815,3216],{"class":73},[63,161817,2455],{"class":448},[63,161819,12496],{"class":452},[63,161821,2455],{"class":448},[63,161823,102],{"class":73},[63,161825,1375],{"class":448},[63,161827,35564],{"class":452},[63,161829,2455],{"class":448},[63,161831,102],{"class":73},[63,161833,1375],{"class":448},[63,161835,35573],{"class":452},[63,161837,2455],{"class":448},[63,161839,102],{"class":73},[63,161841,1375],{"class":448},[63,161843,161709],{"class":452},[63,161845,2455],{"class":448},[63,161847,3229],{"class":73},[63,161849,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161851,4665],{"class":382},[63,161853,386],{"class":270},[63,161855,3216],{"class":73},[63,161857,13119],{"class":82},[63,161859,102],{"class":73},[63,161861,13124],{"class":82},[63,161863,3229],{"class":73},[63,161865,161866],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161867,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,161869,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,161871,70],{"class":69},[63,161873,74],{"class":73},[63,161875,10774],{"class":69},[63,161877,74],{"class":73},[63,161879,4640],{"class":181},[63,161881,8843],{"class":73},[63,161883,38012],{"class":69},[63,161885,74],{"class":73},[63,161887,16008],{"class":181},[63,161889,86],{"class":73},[20,161891,110],{},[54,161893,161895],{"className":56,"code":161894,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4 2\n",[15,161896,161897],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161898,161899,161901],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161900,952],{"class":82},[63,161902,45207],{"class":82},[20,161904,161905,161906,307],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161907,63939],{},[49,161909,91729,161911,161913],{"id":161910},"converting-zip-output",[15,161912,63939],{}," output",[20,161915,28681,161916,161918],{},[15,161917,63939],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1193,161920,128,161922],{"id":161921},"use-listzip",[15,161923,161924],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161926,161927],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[54,161929,161931],{"className":56,"code":161930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161932,161933,161965,161985,161989,162011],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161934,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161936,4596],{"class":382},[63,161938,386],{"class":270},[63,161940,3216],{"class":73},[63,161942,2455],{"class":448},[63,161944,12496],{"class":452},[63,161946,2455],{"class":448},[63,161948,102],{"class":73},[63,161950,1375],{"class":448},[63,161952,35564],{"class":452},[63,161954,2455],{"class":448},[63,161956,102],{"class":73},[63,161958,1375],{"class":448},[63,161960,35573],{"class":452},[63,161962,2455],{"class":448},[63,161964,3229],{"class":73},[63,161966,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,161968,4665],{"class":382},[63,161970,386],{"class":270},[63,161972,3216],{"class":73},[63,161974,13119],{"class":82},[63,161976,102],{"class":73},[63,161978,13124],{"class":82},[63,161980,102],{"class":73},[63,161982,28540],{"class":82},[63,161984,3229],{"class":73},[63,161986,161987],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,161988,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,161990,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,161992,8825],{"class":382},[63,161994,386],{"class":270},[63,161996,22180],{"class":417},[63,161998,74],{"class":73},[63,162000,64009],{"class":69},[63,162002,74],{"class":73},[63,162004,4640],{"class":181},[63,162006,102],{"class":73},[63,162008,4712],{"class":181},[63,162010,86],{"class":73},[63,162012,162013,162015,162017,162019],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,162014,70],{"class":69},[63,162016,74],{"class":73},[63,162018,8872],{"class":181},[63,162020,397],{"class":73},[20,162022,110],{},[54,162024,162026],{"className":56,"code":162025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162027,162028],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162029,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162031,21360],{"class":73},[63,162033,456],{"class":448},[63,162035,12496],{"class":452},[63,162037,456],{"class":448},[63,162039,102],{"class":73},[63,162041,19518],{"class":82},[63,162043,8843],{"class":73},[63,162045,8846],{"class":73},[63,162047,456],{"class":448},[63,162049,35564],{"class":452},[63,162051,456],{"class":448},[63,162053,102],{"class":73},[63,162055,13124],{"class":82},[63,162057,8843],{"class":73},[63,162059,8846],{"class":73},[63,162061,456],{"class":448},[63,162063,35573],{"class":452},[63,162065,456],{"class":448},[63,162067,102],{"class":73},[63,162069,28540],{"class":82},[63,162071,8859],{"class":73},[1193,162073,128,162075],{"id":162074},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162076,162077],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162079,162080],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[54,162082,162084],{"className":56,"code":162083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162085,162086,162118,162146,162150,162172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162087,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162089,16860],{"class":382},[63,162091,386],{"class":270},[63,162093,3216],{"class":73},[63,162095,2455],{"class":448},[63,162097,7274],{"class":452},[63,162099,2455],{"class":448},[63,162101,102],{"class":73},[63,162103,1375],{"class":448},[63,162105,8909],{"class":452},[63,162107,2455],{"class":448},[63,162109,102],{"class":73},[63,162111,1375],{"class":448},[63,162113,10020],{"class":452},[63,162115,2455],{"class":448},[63,162117,3229],{"class":73},[63,162119,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162121,3418],{"class":382},[63,162123,386],{"class":270},[63,162125,3216],{"class":73},[63,162127,2455],{"class":448},[63,162129,12496],{"class":452},[63,162131,2455],{"class":448},[63,162133,102],{"class":73},[63,162135,8916],{"class":82},[63,162137,102],{"class":73},[63,162139,1375],{"class":448},[63,162141,15650],{"class":452},[63,162143,2455],{"class":448},[63,162145,3229],{"class":73},[63,162147,162148],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,162149,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162151,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,162153,12821],{"class":382},[63,162155,386],{"class":270},[63,162157,8780],{"class":417},[63,162159,74],{"class":73},[63,162161,64009],{"class":69},[63,162163,74],{"class":73},[63,162165,16542],{"class":181},[63,162167,102],{"class":73},[63,162169,3483],{"class":181},[63,162171,86],{"class":73},[63,162173,162174,162176,162178,162180],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,162175,70],{"class":69},[63,162177,74],{"class":73},[63,162179,16925],{"class":181},[63,162181,397],{"class":73},[20,162183,110],{},[54,162185,162187],{"className":56,"code":162186,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162188,162189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162190,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162192,8888],{"class":73},[63,162194,456],{"class":448},[63,162196,7274],{"class":452},[63,162198,456],{"class":448},[63,162200,2482],{"class":73},[63,162202,449],{"class":448},[63,162204,12496],{"class":452},[63,162206,456],{"class":448},[63,162208,102],{"class":73},[63,162210,449],{"class":448},[63,162212,8909],{"class":452},[63,162214,456],{"class":448},[63,162216,2482],{"class":73},[63,162218,8916],{"class":82},[63,162220,102],{"class":73},[63,162222,449],{"class":448},[63,162224,10020],{"class":452},[63,162226,456],{"class":448},[63,162228,2482],{"class":73},[63,162230,449],{"class":448},[63,162232,15650],{"class":452},[63,162234,456],{"class":448},[63,162236,8919],{"class":73},[20,162238,162239,162240,307],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[303,162241,30708],{"href":30707},[1193,162243,162245],{"id":162244},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162247,162248],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[54,162250,162252],{"className":56,"code":162251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162253,162254,162278,162294,162298,162316,162320,162334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162255,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162257,4596],{"class":382},[63,162259,386],{"class":270},[63,162261,3216],{"class":73},[63,162263,2455],{"class":448},[63,162265,12496],{"class":452},[63,162267,2455],{"class":448},[63,162269,102],{"class":73},[63,162271,1375],{"class":448},[63,162273,35564],{"class":452},[63,162275,2455],{"class":448},[63,162277,3229],{"class":73},[63,162279,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162281,4665],{"class":382},[63,162283,386],{"class":270},[63,162285,3216],{"class":73},[63,162287,13119],{"class":82},[63,162289,102],{"class":73},[63,162291,13124],{"class":82},[63,162293,3229],{"class":73},[63,162295,162296],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,162297,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162299,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,162301,8825],{"class":382},[63,162303,386],{"class":270},[63,162305,161029],{"class":69},[63,162307,74],{"class":73},[63,162309,4640],{"class":181},[63,162311,102],{"class":73},[63,162313,4712],{"class":181},[63,162315,397],{"class":73},[63,162317,162318],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,162319,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162321,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,162323,70],{"class":69},[63,162325,74],{"class":73},[63,162327,7702],{"class":417},[63,162329,74],{"class":73},[63,162331,8872],{"class":181},[63,162333,86],{"class":73},[63,162335,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,162337,70],{"class":69},[63,162339,74],{"class":73},[63,162341,7702],{"class":417},[63,162343,74],{"class":73},[63,162345,8872],{"class":181},[63,162347,86],{"class":73},[20,162349,110],{},[54,162351,162353],{"className":56,"code":162352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162354,162355,162385],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162356,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162358,21360],{"class":73},[63,162360,456],{"class":448},[63,162362,12496],{"class":452},[63,162364,456],{"class":448},[63,162366,102],{"class":73},[63,162368,19518],{"class":82},[63,162370,8843],{"class":73},[63,162372,8846],{"class":73},[63,162374,456],{"class":448},[63,162376,35564],{"class":452},[63,162378,456],{"class":448},[63,162380,102],{"class":73},[63,162382,13124],{"class":82},[63,162384,8859],{"class":73},[63,162386,162387],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162388,37923],{"class":73},[20,162390,162391],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162393,162394,162395,307],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[303,162396,4738],{"href":5188},[49,162398,40665],{"id":40664},[20,162400,162401,162402,307],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162403,63939],{},[1193,162405,162407],{"id":162406},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[54,162409,162411],{"className":56,"code":162410,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162412,162413,162445,162465,162469,162493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162414,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162416,4596],{"class":382},[63,162418,386],{"class":270},[63,162420,3216],{"class":73},[63,162422,2455],{"class":448},[63,162424,12496],{"class":452},[63,162426,2455],{"class":448},[63,162428,102],{"class":73},[63,162430,1375],{"class":448},[63,162432,35564],{"class":452},[63,162434,2455],{"class":448},[63,162436,102],{"class":73},[63,162438,1375],{"class":448},[63,162440,35573],{"class":452},[63,162442,2455],{"class":448},[63,162444,3229],{"class":73},[63,162446,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162448,4665],{"class":382},[63,162450,386],{"class":270},[63,162452,3216],{"class":73},[63,162454,13119],{"class":82},[63,162456,102],{"class":73},[63,162458,13124],{"class":82},[63,162460,102],{"class":73},[63,162462,28540],{"class":82},[63,162464,3229],{"class":73},[63,162466,162467],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,162468,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162470,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,162472,5560],{"class":3473},[63,162474,35615],{"class":382},[63,162476,102],{"class":73},[63,162478,4707],{"class":382},[63,162480,3480],{"class":3473},[63,162482,161029],{"class":69},[63,162484,74],{"class":73},[63,162486,4640],{"class":181},[63,162488,102],{"class":73},[63,162490,4712],{"class":181},[63,162492,7951],{"class":73},[63,162494,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,162496,7677],{"class":69},[63,162498,74],{"class":73},[63,162500,21914],{"class":444},[63,162502,2455],{"class":452},[63,162504,8888],{"class":82},[63,162506,7274],{"class":181},[63,162508,21923],{"class":82},[63,162510,21926],{"class":452},[63,162512,8888],{"class":82},[63,162514,85138],{"class":181},[63,162516,21923],{"class":82},[63,162518,2455],{"class":452},[63,162520,397],{"class":73},[1193,162522,162524],{"id":162523},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[54,162526,162528],{"className":56,"code":162527,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162529,162530,162562,162586,162590,162612],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162531,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162533,16860],{"class":382},[63,162535,386],{"class":270},[63,162537,3216],{"class":73},[63,162539,2455],{"class":448},[63,162541,12265],{"class":452},[63,162543,2455],{"class":448},[63,162545,102],{"class":73},[63,162547,1375],{"class":448},[63,162549,7274],{"class":452},[63,162551,2455],{"class":448},[63,162553,102],{"class":73},[63,162555,1375],{"class":448},[63,162557,15440],{"class":452},[63,162559,2455],{"class":448},[63,162561,3229],{"class":73},[63,162563,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162565,3418],{"class":382},[63,162567,386],{"class":270},[63,162569,3216],{"class":73},[63,162571,46210],{"class":82},[63,162573,102],{"class":73},[63,162575,1375],{"class":448},[63,162577,12496],{"class":452},[63,162579,2455],{"class":448},[63,162581,102],{"class":73},[63,162583,3513],{"class":3448},[63,162585,3229],{"class":73},[63,162587,162588],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,162589,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162591,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,162593,8775],{"class":382},[63,162595,386],{"class":270},[63,162597,8780],{"class":417},[63,162599,74],{"class":73},[63,162601,64009],{"class":69},[63,162603,74],{"class":73},[63,162605,16542],{"class":181},[63,162607,102],{"class":73},[63,162609,3483],{"class":181},[63,162611,86],{"class":73},[63,162613,162614,162616,162618,162620],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,162615,70],{"class":69},[63,162617,74],{"class":73},[63,162619,8814],{"class":181},[63,162621,397],{"class":73},[1193,162623,162625],{"id":162624},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[54,162627,162629],{"className":56,"code":162628,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162630,162631,162651,162671,162675,162700],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162632,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162634,80276],{"class":382},[63,162636,386],{"class":270},[63,162638,3216],{"class":73},[63,162640,1940],{"class":82},[63,162642,102],{"class":73},[63,162644,7397],{"class":82},[63,162646,102],{"class":73},[63,162648,7402],{"class":82},[63,162650,3229],{"class":73},[63,162652,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162654,80297],{"class":382},[63,162656,386],{"class":270},[63,162658,3216],{"class":73},[63,162660,1940],{"class":82},[63,162662,102],{"class":73},[63,162664,8916],{"class":82},[63,162666,102],{"class":73},[63,162668,7402],{"class":82},[63,162670,3229],{"class":73},[63,162672,162673],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,162674,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162676,162677,162679,162681,162683,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,162678,5560],{"class":3473},[63,162680,56505],{"class":382},[63,162682,102],{"class":73},[63,162684,162685],{"class":382}," b ",[63,162687,3480],{"class":3473},[63,162689,161029],{"class":69},[63,162691,74],{"class":73},[63,162693,111204],{"class":181},[63,162695,102],{"class":73},[63,162697,80340],{"class":181},[63,162699,7951],{"class":73},[63,162701,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,162703,7677],{"class":69},[63,162705,74],{"class":73},[63,162707,2157],{"class":181},[63,162709,4289],{"class":270},[63,162711,2162],{"class":181},[63,162713,397],{"class":73},[20,162715,110],{},[54,162717,162719],{"className":56,"code":162718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162720,162721,162725,162729],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162722,162723],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162724,3577],{"class":3448},[63,162726,162727],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162728,3638],{"class":3448},[63,162730,162731],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,162732,3577],{"class":3448},[1193,162734,162736],{"id":162735},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[54,162738,162740],{"className":56,"code":162739,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162741,162742,162777,162800,162804,162831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162743,162744,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162764,162766,162768,162770,162773,162775],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162745,162746],{"class":382},"products ",[63,162748,386],{"class":270},[63,162750,3216],{"class":73},[63,162752,2455],{"class":448},[63,162754,24761],{"class":452},[63,162756,2455],{"class":448},[63,162758,102],{"class":73},[63,162760,1375],{"class":448},[63,162762,162763],{"class":452},"Pen",[63,162765,2455],{"class":448},[63,162767,102],{"class":73},[63,162769,1375],{"class":448},[63,162771,162772],{"class":452},"Bag",[63,162774,2455],{"class":448},[63,162776,3229],{"class":73},[63,162778,162779,162781,162783,162785,162788,162790,162793,162795,162798],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162780,82666],{"class":382},[63,162782,386],{"class":270},[63,162784,3216],{"class":73},[63,162786,162787],{"class":82},"12.5",[63,162789,102],{"class":73},[63,162791,162792],{"class":82}," 1.2",[63,162794,102],{"class":73},[63,162796,162797],{"class":82}," 25.0",[63,162799,3229],{"class":73},[63,162801,162802],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,162803,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162805,162806,162808,162810,162812,162815,162817,162819,162821,162824,162826,162829],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,162807,5560],{"class":3473},[63,162809,24821],{"class":382},[63,162811,102],{"class":73},[63,162813,162814],{"class":382}," price ",[63,162816,3480],{"class":3473},[63,162818,161029],{"class":69},[63,162820,74],{"class":73},[63,162822,162823],{"class":181},"products",[63,162825,102],{"class":73},[63,162827,162828],{"class":181}," prices",[63,162830,7951],{"class":73},[63,162832,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,162834,7677],{"class":69},[63,162836,74],{"class":73},[63,162838,21914],{"class":444},[63,162840,2455],{"class":452},[63,162842,8888],{"class":82},[63,162844,26629],{"class":181},[63,162846,21923],{"class":82},[63,162848,162849],{"class":452}," costs $",[63,162851,8888],{"class":82},[63,162853,568],{"class":181},[63,162855,21923],{"class":82},[63,162857,2455],{"class":452},[63,162859,397],{"class":73},[20,162861,36226,162862,307],{},[303,162863,162865],{"href":162864},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[49,162867,162869,162870],{"id":162868},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162871,63939],{},[1193,162873,1196,162875,162877],{"id":162874},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162876,63939],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162879,162880,162882],{},[15,162881,63939],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162884,162885],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[54,162887,162889],{"className":56,"code":162888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162890,162891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162892,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162894,70],{"class":69},[63,162896,74],{"class":73},[63,162898,10774],{"class":69},[63,162900,74],{"class":73},[63,162902,111204],{"class":181},[63,162904,8843],{"class":73},[63,162906,38012],{"class":69},[63,162908,74],{"class":73},[63,162910,80563],{"class":181},[63,162912,86],{"class":73},[1193,162914,162916],{"id":162915},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162918,68454],{},[54,162920,162922],{"className":56,"code":162921,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162923,162924,162960,162964,162977,162987,162991,163003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162927,8825],{"class":382},[63,162929,386],{"class":270},[63,162931,161029],{"class":69},[63,162933,2583],{"class":73},[63,162935,674],{"class":82},[63,162937,102],{"class":73},[63,162939,105],{"class":82},[63,162941,17681],{"class":73},[63,162943,3216],{"class":73},[63,162945,2455],{"class":448},[63,162947,303],{"class":452},[63,162949,2455],{"class":448},[63,162951,102],{"class":73},[63,162953,1375],{"class":448},[63,162955,4362],{"class":452},[63,162957,2455],{"class":448},[63,162959,191],{"class":73},[63,162961,162962],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,162963,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162965,162966,162968,162970,162972,162975],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,162967,5560],{"class":3473},[63,162969,5563],{"class":382},[63,162971,3480],{"class":3473},[63,162973,162974],{"class":382}," pairs",[63,162976,5996],{"class":73},[63,162978,162979,162981,162983,162985],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,162980,7677],{"class":69},[63,162982,74],{"class":73},[63,162984,22930],{"class":181},[63,162986,397],{"class":73},[63,162988,162989],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,162990,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,162992,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001],{"class":65,"line":2996},[63,162994,5560],{"class":3473},[63,162996,5563],{"class":382},[63,162998,3480],{"class":3473},[63,163000,162974],{"class":382},[63,163002,5996],{"class":73},[63,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011],{"class":65,"line":6018},[63,163006,7677],{"class":69},[63,163008,74],{"class":73},[63,163010,22930],{"class":181},[63,163012,397],{"class":73},[20,163014,163015],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1193,163017,163019],{"id":163018},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163021,163022],{},"This is correct:",[54,163024,163026],{"className":56,"code":163025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163027,163028,163052,163068,163072,163096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163029,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163031,4596],{"class":382},[63,163033,386],{"class":270},[63,163035,3216],{"class":73},[63,163037,2455],{"class":448},[63,163039,12496],{"class":452},[63,163041,2455],{"class":448},[63,163043,102],{"class":73},[63,163045,1375],{"class":448},[63,163047,35564],{"class":452},[63,163049,2455],{"class":448},[63,163051,3229],{"class":73},[63,163053,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,163055,4665],{"class":382},[63,163057,386],{"class":270},[63,163059,3216],{"class":73},[63,163061,13119],{"class":82},[63,163063,102],{"class":73},[63,163065,13124],{"class":82},[63,163067,3229],{"class":73},[63,163069,163070],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,163071,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,163073,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,163075,5560],{"class":3473},[63,163077,35615],{"class":382},[63,163079,102],{"class":73},[63,163081,4707],{"class":382},[63,163083,3480],{"class":3473},[63,163085,161029],{"class":69},[63,163087,74],{"class":73},[63,163089,4640],{"class":181},[63,163091,102],{"class":73},[63,163093,4712],{"class":181},[63,163095,7951],{"class":73},[63,163097,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108],{"class":65,"line":594},[63,163099,7677],{"class":69},[63,163101,74],{"class":73},[63,163103,7274],{"class":181},[63,163105,102],{"class":73},[63,163107,130317],{"class":181},[63,163109,397],{"class":73},[20,163111,163112],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[54,163114,163116],{"className":56,"code":163115,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163117,163118,163138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163119,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163121,5560],{"class":3473},[63,163123,5563],{"class":382},[63,163125,3480],{"class":3473},[63,163127,161029],{"class":69},[63,163129,74],{"class":73},[63,163131,4640],{"class":181},[63,163133,102],{"class":73},[63,163135,4712],{"class":181},[63,163137,7951],{"class":73},[63,163139,163140,163142,163144,163146],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,163141,7677],{"class":69},[63,163143,74],{"class":73},[63,163145,22930],{"class":181},[63,163147,397],{"class":73},[20,163149,110],{},[54,163151,163153],{"className":56,"code":163152,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163154,163155,163171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163156,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163158,74],{"class":73},[63,163160,456],{"class":448},[63,163162,12496],{"class":452},[63,163164,456],{"class":448},[63,163166,102],{"class":73},[63,163168,19518],{"class":82},[63,163170,397],{"class":73},[63,163172,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,163174,74],{"class":73},[63,163176,456],{"class":448},[63,163178,35564],{"class":452},[63,163180,456],{"class":448},[63,163182,102],{"class":73},[63,163184,13124],{"class":82},[63,163186,397],{"class":73},[20,163188,163189],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1193,163191,311,163193,163195,163196],{"id":163192},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163194,63939],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163197,35372],{},[20,163199,128,163200,163202],{},[15,163201,63939],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163204,128,163205,163207],{},[15,163206,35372],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[54,163209,163210],{"className":56,"code":35541,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[15,163211,163212,163244,163248,163268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163213,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163215,4596],{"class":382},[63,163217,386],{"class":270},[63,163219,3216],{"class":73},[63,163221,2455],{"class":448},[63,163223,12496],{"class":452},[63,163225,2455],{"class":448},[63,163227,102],{"class":73},[63,163229,1375],{"class":448},[63,163231,35564],{"class":452},[63,163233,2455],{"class":448},[63,163235,102],{"class":73},[63,163237,1375],{"class":448},[63,163239,35573],{"class":452},[63,163241,2455],{"class":448},[63,163243,3229],{"class":73},[63,163245,163246],{"class":65,"line":89},[63,163247,580],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":579},[63,163249,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266],{"class":65,"line":254},[63,163251,5560],{"class":3473},[63,163253,35444],{"class":382},[63,163255,102],{"class":73},[63,163257,35592],{"class":382},[63,163259,3480],{"class":3473},[63,163261,35454],{"class":69},[63,163263,74],{"class":73},[63,163265,4640],{"class":181},[63,163267,7951],{"class":73},[63,163269,163270,163272,163274,163276,163278,163280],{"class":65,"line":583},[63,163271,7677],{"class":69},[63,163273,74],{"class":73},[63,163275,35469],{"class":181},[63,163277,102],{"class":73},[63,163279,35615],{"class":181},[63,163281,397],{"class":73},[20,163283,163284,163285,307],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[303,163286,13,163287,469],{"href":91641},[15,163288,35372],{},[49,163290,1455],{"id":1454},[1193,163292,4744,163294,4747],{"id":163293},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163295,63939],{},[20,163297,163298],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1193,163300,1459,163302,163304],{"id":163301},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163303,63939],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163306,163307],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1193,163309,163311,163312,1506],{"id":163310},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163313,63939],{},[20,163315,163316,163317,307],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163318,161924],{},[1193,163320,163322,163323,1506],{"id":163321},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163324,63939],{},[20,163326,127682,163327,163329],{},[15,163328,162077],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1193,163331,163333],{"id":163332},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163335,163336],{},"A zip object is an iterator. 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values))",{"id":162244,"depth":254,"text":162245},{"id":40664,"depth":89,"text":40665,"children":163384},[163385,163386,163387,163388],{"id":162406,"depth":254,"text":162407},{"id":162523,"depth":254,"text":162524},{"id":162624,"depth":254,"text":162625},{"id":162735,"depth":254,"text":162736},{"id":162868,"depth":89,"text":163390,"children":163391},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163392,163394,163395,163396],{"id":162874,"depth":254,"text":163393},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162915,"depth":254,"text":162916},{"id":163018,"depth":254,"text":163019},{"id":163192,"depth":254,"text":163397},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1454,"depth":89,"text":1455,"children":163399},[163400,163402,163404,163406,163408],{"id":163293,"depth":254,"text":163401},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163301,"depth":254,"text":163403},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163310,"depth":254,"text":163405},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163321,"depth":254,"text":163407},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163332,"depth":254,"text":163333},{"id":1516,"depth":89,"text":1517},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160930,"description":163410},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944938295]