[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163213},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method":3,"nav-reference":1340},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1333,"extension":1334,"meta":1335,"navigation":322,"path":1336,"seo":1337,"stem":1338,"__hash__":1339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1307},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,113,119,146,152,159,164,180,193,197,218,221,238,241,255,259,262,335,340,375,382,389,392,425,428,432,435,489,493,514,520,529,537,602,610,692,697,709,719,723,731,738,742,796,800,858,862,872,875,879,882,892,895,1006,1009,1020,1023,1067,1072,1101,1104,1110,1114,1119,1148,1151,1222,1232,1236,1243,1248,1252,1255,1259,1267,1271,1276,1280,1297,1303],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"add()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,27,28],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n","python","",[15,42,43,78,100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64,67,70,72,75],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","numbers ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sP7_E"," {",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"srdBf","1",[44,65,66],{"class":58},",",[44,68,69],{"class":62}," 2",[44,71,66],{"class":58},[44,73,74],{"class":62}," 3",[44,76,77],{"class":58},"}\n",[44,79,81,84,87,91,94,97],{"class":46,"line":80},2,[44,82,83],{"class":50},"numbers",[44,85,86],{"class":58},".",[44,88,90],{"class":89},"slqww","add",[44,92,93],{"class":58},"(",[44,95,96],{"class":62},"4",[44,98,99],{"class":58},")\n",[44,101,103,107,109,111],{"class":46,"line":102},3,[44,104,106],{"class":105},"sptTA","print",[44,108,93],{"class":58},[44,110,83],{"class":89},[44,112,99],{"class":58},[20,114,115],{},[116,117,118],"strong",{},"Output:",[35,120,122],{"className":37,"code":121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,123,124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125,126,129,131,133,135,137,139,141,144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127,128],{"class":58},"{",[44,130,63],{"class":62},[44,132,66],{"class":58},[44,134,69],{"class":62},[44,136,66],{"class":58},[44,138,74],{"class":62},[44,140,66],{"class":58},[44,142,143],{"class":62}," 4",[44,145,77],{"class":58},[20,147,148,149,151],{},"Use ",[15,150,17],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,153,155,156,158],{"id":154},"what-setadd-does","What ",[15,157,24],{}," does",[20,160,161,163],{},[15,162,24],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[165,166,167,171,174,177],"ul",{},[168,169,170],"li",{},"Adds one item to a set",[168,172,173],{},"Changes the original set in place",[168,175,176],{},"Does not return a new set",[168,178,179],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,181,182,183,188,189,86],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[184,185,187],"a",{"href":186},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained"," or ",[184,190,192],{"href":191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,194,196],{"id":195},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[35,198,200],{"className":37,"code":199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,201,202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,203,204,207,209,211,213,216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,205,206],{"class":50},"my_set",[44,208,86],{"class":58},[44,210,90],{"class":89},[44,212,93],{"class":58},[44,214,215],{"class":89},"item",[44,217,99],{"class":58},[20,219,220],{},"Important points:",[165,222,223,229,232],{},[168,224,225,226,228],{},"Call ",[15,227,17],{}," on an existing set",[168,230,231],{},"Pass exactly one item",[168,233,234,235],{},"The item must be ",[116,236,237],{},"hashable",[20,239,240],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[165,242,243,246,249,252],{},[168,244,245],{},"Numbers",[168,247,248],{},"Strings",[168,250,251],{},"Tuples",[168,253,254],{},"Booleans",[30,256,258],{"id":257},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,260,261],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,263,265],{"className":37,"code":264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,266,267,298,318,324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,268,269,272,274,276,280,284,286,288,291,294,296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,270,271],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,273,55],{"class":54},[44,275,59],{"class":58},[44,277,279],{"class":278},"sjJ54","\"",[44,281,283],{"class":282},"s_sjI","red",[44,285,279],{"class":278},[44,287,66],{"class":58},[44,289,290],{"class":278}," \"",[44,292,293],{"class":282},"blue",[44,295,279],{"class":278},[44,297,77],{"class":58},[44,299,300,303,305,307,309,311,314,316],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,301,302],{"class":50},"colors",[44,304,86],{"class":58},[44,306,90],{"class":89},[44,308,93],{"class":58},[44,310,279],{"class":278},[44,312,313],{"class":282},"green",[44,315,279],{"class":278},[44,317,99],{"class":58},[44,319,320],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,321,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},true,"\n",[44,325,327,329,331,333],{"class":46,"line":326},4,[44,328,106],{"class":105},[44,330,93],{"class":58},[44,332,302],{"class":89},[44,334,99],{"class":58},[20,336,337],{},[116,338,339],{},"Possible output:",[35,341,343],{"className":37,"code":342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,344,345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,346,347,349,352,354,356,358,361,363,365,367,369,371,373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,348,128],{"class":58},[44,350,351],{"class":278},"'",[44,353,283],{"class":282},[44,355,351],{"class":278},[44,357,66],{"class":58},[44,359,360],{"class":278}," '",[44,362,313],{"class":282},[44,364,351],{"class":278},[44,366,66],{"class":58},[44,368,360],{"class":278},[44,370,293],{"class":282},[44,372,351],{"class":278},[44,374,77],{"class":58},[20,376,377,378,381],{},"The new value ",[15,379,380],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,383,384,385,388],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[116,386,387],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,390,391],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,393,395],{"className":37,"code":394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,396,397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,398,399,401,403,405,407,409,411,413,415,417,419,421,423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,400,128],{"class":58},[44,402,351],{"class":278},[44,404,293],{"class":282},[44,406,351],{"class":278},[44,408,66],{"class":58},[44,410,360],{"class":278},[44,412,283],{"class":282},[44,414,351],{"class":278},[44,416,66],{"class":58},[44,418,360],{"class":278},[44,420,313],{"class":282},[44,422,351],{"class":278},[44,424,77],{"class":58},[20,426,427],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,429,431],{"id":430},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,433,434],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,436,438],{"className":37,"code":437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,439,440,460,475,479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,441,442,444,446,448,450,452,454,456,458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,443,51],{"class":50},[44,445,55],{"class":54},[44,447,59],{"class":58},[44,449,63],{"class":62},[44,451,66],{"class":58},[44,453,69],{"class":62},[44,455,66],{"class":58},[44,457,74],{"class":62},[44,459,77],{"class":58},[44,461,462,464,466,468,470,473],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,463,83],{"class":50},[44,465,86],{"class":58},[44,467,90],{"class":89},[44,469,93],{"class":58},[44,471,472],{"class":62},"2",[44,474,99],{"class":58},[44,476,477],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,478,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,480,481,483,485,487],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,482,106],{"class":105},[44,484,93],{"class":58},[44,486,83],{"class":89},[44,488,99],{"class":58},[20,490,491],{},[116,492,118],{},[35,494,496],{"className":37,"code":495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,497,498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,499,500,502,504,506,508,510,512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,501,128],{"class":58},[44,503,63],{"class":62},[44,505,66],{"class":58},[44,507,69],{"class":62},[44,509,66],{"class":58},[44,511,74],{"class":62},[44,513,77],{"class":58},[20,515,516,517,519],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,518,472],{}," was already present.",[30,521,523,525,526],{"id":522},"add-vs-update",[15,524,17],{}," vs ",[15,527,528],{},"update()",[20,530,148,531,533,534,86],{},[15,532,17],{}," when you want to add ",[116,535,536],{},"one item",[35,538,540],{"className":37,"code":539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,541,542,568,588,592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,543,544,547,549,551,553,555,557,559,561,564,566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,545,546],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,548,55],{"class":54},[44,550,59],{"class":58},[44,552,279],{"class":278},[44,554,184],{"class":282},[44,556,279],{"class":278},[44,558,66],{"class":58},[44,560,290],{"class":278},[44,562,563],{"class":282},"b",[44,565,279],{"class":278},[44,567,77],{"class":58},[44,569,570,573,575,577,579,581,584,586],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,571,572],{"class":50},"letters",[44,574,86],{"class":58},[44,576,90],{"class":89},[44,578,93],{"class":58},[44,580,279],{"class":278},[44,582,583],{"class":282},"c",[44,585,279],{"class":278},[44,587,99],{"class":58},[44,589,590],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,591,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,593,594,596,598,600],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,595,106],{"class":105},[44,597,93],{"class":58},[44,599,572],{"class":89},[44,601,99],{"class":58},[20,603,148,604,533,606,609],{},[15,605,528],{},[116,607,608],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,611,613],{"className":37,"code":612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,614,615,639,678,682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,616,617,619,621,623,625,627,629,631,633,635,637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,618,546],{"class":50},[44,620,55],{"class":54},[44,622,59],{"class":58},[44,624,279],{"class":278},[44,626,184],{"class":282},[44,628,279],{"class":278},[44,630,66],{"class":58},[44,632,290],{"class":278},[44,634,563],{"class":282},[44,636,279],{"class":278},[44,638,77],{"class":58},[44,640,641,643,645,648,651,653,655,657,659,661,664,666,668,670,673,675],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,642,572],{"class":50},[44,644,86],{"class":58},[44,646,647],{"class":89},"update",[44,649,650],{"class":58},"([",[44,652,279],{"class":278},[44,654,583],{"class":282},[44,656,279],{"class":278},[44,658,66],{"class":58},[44,660,290],{"class":278},[44,662,663],{"class":282},"d",[44,665,279],{"class":278},[44,667,66],{"class":58},[44,669,290],{"class":278},[44,671,672],{"class":282},"e",[44,674,279],{"class":278},[44,676,677],{"class":58},"])\n",[44,679,680],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,681,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,683,684,686,688,690],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,685,106],{"class":105},[44,687,93],{"class":58},[44,689,572],{"class":89},[44,691,99],{"class":58},[693,694,696],"h3",{"id":695},"key-difference","Key difference",[165,698,699,704],{},[168,700,701,703],{},[15,702,17],{}," adds one item",[168,705,706,708],{},[15,707,528],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,710,711,712,86],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[184,713,715,716,718],{"href":714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,717,528],{}," method",[30,720,722],{"id":721},"return-value","Return value",[20,724,725,727,728,86],{},[15,726,24],{}," returns ",[15,729,730],{},"None",[20,732,733,734,737],{},"That means you should ",[116,735,736],{},"not"," assign its result back to the variable.",[693,739,741],{"id":740},"correct","Correct",[35,743,745],{"className":37,"code":744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,746,747,768,782,786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,748,749,752,754,756,758,760,762,764,766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,750,751],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,753,55],{"class":54},[44,755,59],{"class":58},[44,757,63],{"class":62},[44,759,66],{"class":58},[44,761,69],{"class":62},[44,763,66],{"class":58},[44,765,74],{"class":62},[44,767,77],{"class":58},[44,769,770,772,774,776,778,780],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,771,206],{"class":50},[44,773,86],{"class":58},[44,775,90],{"class":89},[44,777,93],{"class":58},[44,779,96],{"class":62},[44,781,99],{"class":58},[44,783,784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,785,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,787,788,790,792,794],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,789,106],{"class":105},[44,791,93],{"class":58},[44,793,206],{"class":89},[44,795,99],{"class":58},[693,797,799],{"id":798},"wrong","Wrong",[35,801,803],{"className":37,"code":802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,804,805,825,844,848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,806,807,809,811,813,815,817,819,821,823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,808,751],{"class":50},[44,810,55],{"class":54},[44,812,59],{"class":58},[44,814,63],{"class":62},[44,816,66],{"class":58},[44,818,69],{"class":62},[44,820,66],{"class":58},[44,822,74],{"class":62},[44,824,77],{"class":58},[44,826,827,829,831,834,836,838,840,842],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,828,751],{"class":50},[44,830,55],{"class":54},[44,832,833],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,835,86],{"class":58},[44,837,90],{"class":89},[44,839,93],{"class":58},[44,841,96],{"class":62},[44,843,99],{"class":58},[44,845,846],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,847,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,849,850,852,854,856],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,851,106],{"class":105},[44,853,93],{"class":58},[44,855,206],{"class":89},[44,857,99],{"class":58},[20,859,860],{},[116,861,118],{},[35,863,865],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n",[15,866,867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,868,869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,870,864],{"class":871},"s39Yj",[20,873,874],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,876,878],{"id":877},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,880,881],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[165,883,884,886,888,890],{},[168,885,245],{},[168,887,248],{},[168,889,251],{},[168,891,254],{},[20,893,894],{},"Example:",[35,896,898],{"className":37,"code":897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,899,900,914,918,934,953,974,990,995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,901,902,905,907,911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,903,904],{"class":50},"items ",[44,906,55],{"class":54},[44,908,910],{"class":909},"sZMiF"," set",[44,912,913],{"class":58},"()\n",[44,915,916],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,917,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,919,920,923,925,927,929,932],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,921,922],{"class":50},"items",[44,924,86],{"class":58},[44,926,90],{"class":89},[44,928,93],{"class":58},[44,930,931],{"class":62},"10",[44,933,99],{"class":58},[44,935,936,938,940,942,944,946,949,951],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,937,922],{"class":50},[44,939,86],{"class":58},[44,941,90],{"class":89},[44,943,93],{"class":58},[44,945,279],{"class":278},[44,947,948],{"class":282},"hello",[44,950,279],{"class":278},[44,952,99],{"class":58},[44,954,956,958,960,962,965,967,969,971],{"class":46,"line":955},5,[44,957,922],{"class":50},[44,959,86],{"class":58},[44,961,90],{"class":89},[44,963,964],{"class":58},"((",[44,966,63],{"class":62},[44,968,66],{"class":58},[44,970,69],{"class":62},[44,972,973],{"class":58},"))\n",[44,975,977,979,981,983,985,988],{"class":46,"line":976},6,[44,978,922],{"class":50},[44,980,86],{"class":58},[44,982,90],{"class":89},[44,984,93],{"class":58},[44,986,987],{"class":871},"True",[44,989,99],{"class":58},[44,991,993],{"class":46,"line":992},7,[44,994,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,996,998,1000,1002,1004],{"class":46,"line":997},8,[44,999,106],{"class":105},[44,1001,93],{"class":58},[44,1003,922],{"class":89},[44,1005,99],{"class":58},[20,1007,1008],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[165,1010,1011,1014,1017],{},[168,1012,1013],{},"Lists",[168,1015,1016],{},"Dictionaries",[168,1018,1019],{},"Sets",[20,1021,1022],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,1024,1026],{"className":37,"code":1025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,1027,1028,1048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1029,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042,1044,1046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1031,904],{"class":50},[44,1033,55],{"class":54},[44,1035,59],{"class":58},[44,1037,63],{"class":62},[44,1039,66],{"class":58},[44,1041,69],{"class":62},[44,1043,66],{"class":58},[44,1045,74],{"class":62},[44,1047,77],{"class":58},[44,1049,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1065],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1051,922],{"class":50},[44,1053,86],{"class":58},[44,1055,90],{"class":89},[44,1057,650],{"class":58},[44,1059,96],{"class":62},[44,1061,66],{"class":58},[44,1063,1064],{"class":62}," 5",[44,1066,677],{"class":58},[20,1068,1069],{},[116,1070,1071],{},"Error:",[35,1073,1075],{"className":37,"code":1074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,1076,1077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1078,1079,1082,1085,1088,1091,1093,1095,1098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1080,1081],{"class":909},"TypeError",[44,1083,1084],{"class":58},":",[44,1086,1087],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,1089,1090],{"class":909},"type",[44,1092,1084],{"class":58},[44,1094,360],{"class":278},[44,1096,1097],{"class":282},"list",[44,1099,1100],{"class":278},"'\n",[20,1102,1103],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,1105,1106,1107,86],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,1108,1109],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,1111,1113],{"id":1112},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1115,1116,1117,1084],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1118,24],{},[165,1120,1121,1127,1133,1136,1145],{},[168,1122,1123,1124,1126],{},"Using ",[15,1125,17],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[168,1128,1129,1130,1132],{},"Expecting ",[15,1131,17],{}," to return the updated set",[168,1134,1135],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[168,1137,1138,1139,1141,1142],{},"Confusing ",[15,1140,24],{}," with list ",[15,1143,1144],{},"append()",[168,1146,1147],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,1149,1150],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,1152,1154],{"className":37,"code":1153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,1155,1156,1166,1180,1191,1205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1157,1158,1160,1162,1164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1159,106],{"class":105},[44,1161,93],{"class":58},[44,1163,206],{"class":89},[44,1165,99],{"class":58},[44,1167,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1169,106],{"class":105},[44,1171,93],{"class":58},[44,1173,1090],{"class":909},[44,1175,93],{"class":58},[44,1177,206],{"class":89},[44,1179,973],{"class":58},[44,1181,1182,1184,1186,1189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1183,106],{"class":105},[44,1185,93],{"class":58},[44,1187,1188],{"class":89},"value",[44,1190,99],{"class":58},[44,1192,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,1194,106],{"class":105},[44,1196,93],{"class":58},[44,1198,1090],{"class":909},[44,1200,93],{"class":58},[44,1202,1188],{"class":89},[44,1204,973],{"class":58},[44,1206,1207,1210,1212,1215,1217,1220],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,1208,1209],{"class":105},"help",[44,1211,93],{"class":58},[44,1213,1214],{"class":909},"set",[44,1216,86],{"class":58},[44,1218,90],{"class":1219},"skxfh",[44,1221,99],{"class":58},[20,1223,1224,1225,1227,1228,86],{},"Also remember that ",[15,1226,24],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[184,1229,1231],{"href":1230},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,1233,1235],{"id":1234},"faq","FAQ",[693,1237,1239,1240,1242],{"id":1238},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set","Does ",[15,1241,24],{}," return a new set?",[20,1244,1245,1246,86],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,1247,730],{},[693,1249,1251],{"id":1250},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,1253,1254],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[693,1256,1258],{"id":1257},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,1260,148,1261,1264,1265,86],{},[15,1262,1263],{},"set.update()"," instead of ",[15,1266,17],{},[693,1268,1270],{"id":1269},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,1272,1273,1274,86],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,1275,1081],{},[30,1277,1279],{"id":1278},"see-also","See also",[165,1281,1282,1286,1291],{},[168,1283,1284],{},[184,1285,187],{"href":186},[168,1287,1288],{},[184,1289,1290],{"href":191},"How to create a set in Python",[168,1292,1293],{},[184,1294,715,1295,718],{"href":714},[15,1296,528],{},[20,1298,1299,1300,1302],{},"Once you understand ",[15,1301,17],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1304,1305,1306],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":430,"depth":80,"text":431},{"id":522,"depth":80,"text":1316,"children":1317},"add() vs update()",[1318],{"id":695,"depth":102,"text":696},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722,"children":1320},[1321,1322],{"id":740,"depth":102,"text":741},{"id":798,"depth":102,"text":799},{"id":877,"depth":80,"text":878},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":1326},[1327,1329,1330,1331],{"id":1238,"depth":102,"text":1328},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":1250,"depth":102,"text":1251},{"id":1257,"depth":102,"text":1258},{"id":1269,"depth":102,"text":1270},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":5,"description":1333},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",[1341,2937,4652,6349,8488,10686,12200,14373,16577,19032,20871,23436,25534,27816,29761,31670,33667,35107,36933,39458,41619,42848,44219,45867,48188,50032,52014,53705,54958,56649,58400,60371,62120,64220,65580,67531,69094,71084,72879,74779,77221,79299,81938,83967,85930,88118,90122,92435,94117,95562,96640,97818,99658,102098,103802,105817,107341,108586,109749,111131,113202,115099,116873,118739,120858,122598,124060,125654,127577,129254,131189,132678,135462,137039,138598,140626,142578,144041,145230,147116,148527,150223,151777,153199,154602,156500,158894,160725],{"id":1342,"title":1343,"body":1344,"description":2931,"extension":1334,"meta":2932,"navigation":322,"path":2933,"seo":2934,"stem":2935,"__hash__":2936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1345,"toc":2903},[1346,1349,1356,1359,1370,1373,1375,1440,1442,1462,1467,1471,1476,1479,1495,1498,1524,1527,1529,1532,1548,1551,1578,1580,1640,1642,1657,1667,1678,1682,1685,1738,1740,1760,1763,1786,1793,1797,1802,1808,1810,1846,1848,1857,1864,1881,1884,1896,1900,1905,1909,1912,1933,1935,1993,1995,2003,2006,2010,2042,2044,2052,2055,2059,2064,2112,2114,2122,2126,2186,2188,2196,2199,2201,2205,2208,2231,2240,2255,2306,2308,2323,2334,2338,2341,2369,2375,2379,2384,2425,2427,2438,2441,2484,2486,2494,2498,2503,2525,2527,2536,2545,2549,2554,2576,2578,2648,2650,2700,2703,2706,2709,2789,2791,2822,2824,2828,2831,2835,2838,2842,2845,2849,2861,2865,2868,2870,2900],[10,1347,1343],{"id":1348},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1350,1351,1352,1355],{},"The ",[15,1353,1354],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1357,1358],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[165,1360,1361,1364,1367],{},[168,1362,1363],{},"a number without its negative sign",[168,1365,1366],{},"the distance between two numbers",[168,1368,1369],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1371,1372],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,1374,33],{"id":32},[35,1376,1378],{"className":37,"code":1377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1379,1380,1399,1414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1381,1382,1384,1386,1389,1391,1394,1397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1383,106],{"class":105},[44,1385,93],{"class":58},[44,1387,1388],{"class":105},"abs",[44,1390,93],{"class":58},[44,1392,1393],{"class":54},"-",[44,1395,1396],{"class":62},"7",[44,1398,973],{"class":58},[44,1400,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1412],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1402,106],{"class":105},[44,1404,93],{"class":58},[44,1406,1388],{"class":105},[44,1408,93],{"class":58},[44,1410,1411],{"class":62},"3.5",[44,1413,973],{"class":58},[44,1415,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1431,1434,1438],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1417,106],{"class":105},[44,1419,93],{"class":58},[44,1421,1388],{"class":105},[44,1423,93],{"class":58},[44,1425,1393],{"class":54},[44,1427,472],{"class":62},[44,1429,1430],{"class":54},"+",[44,1432,1433],{"class":62},"3",[44,1435,1437],{"class":1436},"sbsja","j",[44,1439,973],{"class":58},[20,1441,118],{},[35,1443,1445],{"className":37,"code":1444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1446,1447,1452,1457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1448,1449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1450,1451],{"class":62},"7\n",[44,1453,1454],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1455,1456],{"class":62},"3.5\n",[44,1458,1459],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1460,1461],{"class":62},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1463,148,1464,1466],{},[15,1465,1354],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,1468,1470],{"id":1469},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1472,1473,1475],{},[15,1474,1354],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1477,1478],{},"That means:",[165,1480,1481,1484,1487],{},[168,1482,1483],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[168,1485,1486],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[168,1488,1489,1492,1493],{},[15,1490,1491],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1494,1491],{},[20,1496,1497],{},"Examples:",[165,1499,1500,1509,1517],{},[168,1501,1502,1505,1506],{},[15,1503,1504],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1507,1508],{},"5",[168,1510,1511,1505,1514],{},[15,1512,1513],{},"abs(9)",[15,1515,1516],{},"9",[168,1518,1519,1505,1522],{},[15,1520,1521],{},"abs(0)",[15,1523,1491],{},[20,1525,1526],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,1528,196],{"id":195},[20,1530,1531],{},"The syntax is:",[35,1533,1535],{"className":37,"code":1534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,1536,1537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1538,1539,1541,1543,1546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1540,1388],{"class":105},[44,1542,93],{"class":58},[44,1544,1545],{"class":89},"x",[44,1547,99],{"class":58},[20,1549,1550],{},"Here:",[165,1552,1553,1570,1575],{},[168,1554,1555,1557,1558,1561,1562,1565,1566,1569],{},[15,1556,1545],{}," is usually an ",[15,1559,1560],{},"int",", ",[15,1563,1564],{},"float",", or ",[15,1567,1568],{},"complex"," number",[168,1571,1572,1574],{},[15,1573,1354],{}," returns a new value",[168,1576,1577],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1579,894],{},[35,1581,1583],{"className":37,"code":1582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1584,1585,1598,1615,1619,1629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1586,1587,1590,1592,1595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1588,1589],{"class":50},"number ",[44,1591,55],{"class":54},[44,1593,1594],{"class":54}," -",[44,1596,1597],{"class":62},"12\n",[44,1599,1600,1603,1605,1608,1610,1613],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1601,1602],{"class":50},"result ",[44,1604,55],{"class":54},[44,1606,1607],{"class":105}," abs",[44,1609,93],{"class":58},[44,1611,1612],{"class":89},"number",[44,1614,99],{"class":58},[44,1616,1617],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1618,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,1620,1621,1623,1625,1627],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,1622,106],{"class":105},[44,1624,93],{"class":58},[44,1626,1612],{"class":89},[44,1628,99],{"class":58},[44,1630,1631,1633,1635,1638],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,1632,106],{"class":105},[44,1634,93],{"class":58},[44,1636,1637],{"class":89},"result",[44,1639,99],{"class":58},[20,1641,118],{},[35,1643,1645],{"className":37,"code":1644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,1646,1647,1653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1648,1649,1651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1650,1393],{"class":54},[44,1652,1597],{"class":62},[44,1654,1655],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1656,1597],{"class":62},[20,1658,1659,1660,1662,1663,1666],{},"Notice that ",[15,1661,1612],{}," is still ",[15,1664,1665],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1668,1669,1670,1677],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[184,1671,1673,1676],{"href":1672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1674,1675],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[30,1679,1681],{"id":1680},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1683,1684],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,1686,1688],{"className":37,"code":1687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1689,1690,1706,1721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1691,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1693,106],{"class":105},[44,1695,93],{"class":58},[44,1697,1388],{"class":105},[44,1699,93],{"class":58},[44,1701,1393],{"class":54},[44,1703,931],{"class":62},[44,1705,973],{"class":58},[44,1707,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1719],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1709,106],{"class":105},[44,1711,93],{"class":58},[44,1713,1388],{"class":105},[44,1715,93],{"class":58},[44,1717,1718],{"class":62},"8",[44,1720,973],{"class":58},[44,1722,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1736],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1724,106],{"class":105},[44,1726,93],{"class":58},[44,1728,1388],{"class":105},[44,1730,93],{"class":58},[44,1732,1393],{"class":54},[44,1734,1735],{"class":62},"4.2",[44,1737,973],{"class":58},[20,1739,118],{},[35,1741,1743],{"className":37,"code":1742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1744,1745,1750,1755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1746,1747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1748,1749],{"class":62},"10\n",[44,1751,1752],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1753,1754],{"class":62},"8\n",[44,1756,1757],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1758,1759],{"class":62},"4.2\n",[20,1761,1762],{},"What each line does:",[165,1764,1765,1772,1779],{},[168,1766,1767,727,1770],{},[15,1768,1769],{},"abs(-10)",[15,1771,931],{},[168,1773,1774,727,1777],{},[15,1775,1776],{},"abs(8)",[15,1778,1718],{},[168,1780,1781,727,1784],{},[15,1782,1783],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1785,1735],{},[20,1787,1788,1789,86],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[184,1790,1792],{"href":1791},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,1794,1796],{"id":1795},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1798,1799,1801],{},[15,1800,1354],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1803,1804,1805,1807],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,1806,1491],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,1809,894],{},[35,1811,1813],{"className":37,"code":1812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,1814,1815,1832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1816,1817,1820,1822,1824,1827,1829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1818,1819],{"class":50},"value ",[44,1821,55],{"class":54},[44,1823,74],{"class":62},[44,1825,1826],{"class":54}," +",[44,1828,143],{"class":62},[44,1830,1831],{"class":1436},"j\n",[44,1833,1834,1836,1838,1840,1842,1844],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1835,106],{"class":105},[44,1837,93],{"class":58},[44,1839,1388],{"class":105},[44,1841,93],{"class":58},[44,1843,1188],{"class":89},[44,1845,973],{"class":58},[20,1847,118],{},[35,1849,1851],{"className":37,"code":1850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,1852,1853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1854,1855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1856,1850],{"class":62},[20,1858,1859,1860,1863],{},"Why ",[15,1861,1862],{},"5.0","?",[165,1865,1866,1871,1876],{},[168,1867,1868,1869],{},"the real part is ",[15,1870,1433],{},[168,1872,1873,1874],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,1875,96],{},[168,1877,1878,1879],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,1880,1862],{},[20,1882,1883],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[165,1885,1886,1893],{},[168,1887,1888,1890,1891],{},[15,1889,1354],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,1892,1564],{},[168,1894,1895],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,1897,1899],{"id":1898},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,1901,1902,1903,86],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,1904,1354],{},[693,1906,1908],{"id":1907},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,1910,1911],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,1913,1915],{"className":37,"code":1914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,1916,1917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1918,1919,1921,1923,1926,1928,1931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1920,1388],{"class":105},[44,1922,93],{"class":58},[44,1924,1925],{"class":89},"a ",[44,1927,1393],{"class":54},[44,1929,1930],{"class":89}," b",[44,1932,99],{"class":58},[20,1934,894],{},[35,1936,1938],{"className":37,"code":1937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,1939,1940,1949,1959,1963,1982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1941,1942,1944,1946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1943,1925],{"class":50},[44,1945,55],{"class":54},[44,1947,1948],{"class":62}," 3\n",[44,1950,1951,1954,1956],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,1952,1953],{"class":50},"b ",[44,1955,55],{"class":54},[44,1957,1958],{"class":62}," 10\n",[44,1960,1961],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1962,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,1964,1965,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,1966,1967],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,1969,55],{"class":54},[44,1971,1607],{"class":105},[44,1973,93],{"class":58},[44,1975,1925],{"class":89},[44,1977,1393],{"class":54},[44,1979,1930],{"class":89},[44,1981,99],{"class":58},[44,1983,1984,1986,1988,1991],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,1985,106],{"class":105},[44,1987,93],{"class":58},[44,1989,1990],{"class":89},"distance",[44,1992,99],{"class":58},[20,1994,118],{},[35,1996,1997],{"className":37,"code":1451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,1998,1999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2000,2001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2002,1451],{"class":62},[20,2004,2005],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[693,2007,2009],{"id":2008},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,2011,2013],{"className":37,"code":2012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2014,2015,2027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2016,2017,2020,2022,2024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2018,2019],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,2021,55],{"class":54},[44,2023,1594],{"class":54},[44,2025,2026],{"class":62},"6\n",[44,2028,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2040],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2030,106],{"class":105},[44,2032,93],{"class":58},[44,2034,1388],{"class":105},[44,2036,93],{"class":58},[44,2038,2039],{"class":89},"temperature_change",[44,2041,973],{"class":58},[20,2043,118],{},[35,2045,2046],{"className":37,"code":2026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2047,2048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2049,2050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2051,2026],{"class":62},[20,2053,2054],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[693,2056,2058],{"id":2057},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2060,2061,2062,1677],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2063,1354],{},[35,2065,2067],{"className":37,"code":2066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2068,2069,2081,2097,2101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2070,2071,2074,2076,2078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2072,2073],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,2075,55],{"class":54},[44,2077,1594],{"class":54},[44,2079,2080],{"class":62},"25\n",[44,2082,2083,2086,2088,2090,2092,2095],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2084,2085],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,2087,55],{"class":54},[44,2089,1607],{"class":105},[44,2091,93],{"class":58},[44,2093,2094],{"class":89},"balance_change",[44,2096,99],{"class":58},[44,2098,2099],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2100,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,2102,2103,2105,2107,2110],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,2104,106],{"class":105},[44,2106,93],{"class":58},[44,2108,2109],{"class":89},"safe_value",[44,2111,99],{"class":58},[20,2113,118],{},[35,2115,2116],{"className":37,"code":2080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2117,2118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2119,2120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2121,2080],{"class":62},[693,2123,2125],{"id":2124},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,2127,2129],{"className":37,"code":2128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2130,2131,2141,2151,2155,2175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2132,2133,2136,2138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2134,2135],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,2137,55],{"class":54},[44,2139,2140],{"class":62}," 42\n",[44,2142,2143,2146,2148],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2144,2145],{"class":50},"target ",[44,2147,55],{"class":54},[44,2149,2150],{"class":62}," 50\n",[44,2152,2153],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2154,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,2156,2157,2160,2162,2164,2166,2168,2170,2173],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,2158,2159],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,2161,55],{"class":54},[44,2163,1607],{"class":105},[44,2165,93],{"class":58},[44,2167,2135],{"class":89},[44,2169,1393],{"class":54},[44,2171,2172],{"class":89}," target",[44,2174,99],{"class":58},[44,2176,2177,2179,2181,2184],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,2178,106],{"class":105},[44,2180,93],{"class":58},[44,2182,2183],{"class":89},"difference",[44,2185,99],{"class":58},[20,2187,118],{},[35,2189,2190],{"className":37,"code":1754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2191,2192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2193,2194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2195,1754],{"class":62},[20,2197,2198],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,2200,1113],{"id":1112},[693,2202,2204],{"id":2203},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2206,2207],{},"This causes an error:",[35,2209,2211],{"className":37,"code":2210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2212,2213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2214,2215,2217,2219,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2216,106],{"class":105},[44,2218,93],{"class":58},[44,2220,1388],{"class":105},[44,2222,93],{"class":58},[44,2224,279],{"class":278},[44,2226,1508],{"class":282},[44,2228,279],{"class":278},[44,2230,973],{"class":58},[20,2232,2233,2236,2237,2239],{},[15,2234,2235],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2238,1354],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2241,2242,2243,188,2249,1084],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[184,2244,2246],{"href":2245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2247,2248],{},"int()",[184,2250,2252],{"href":2251},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2253,2254],{},"float()",[35,2256,2258],{"className":37,"code":2257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2259,2260,2283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2261,2262,2264,2266,2268,2270,2272,2274,2276,2278,2280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2263,106],{"class":105},[44,2265,93],{"class":58},[44,2267,1388],{"class":105},[44,2269,93],{"class":58},[44,2271,1560],{"class":909},[44,2273,93],{"class":58},[44,2275,279],{"class":278},[44,2277,1508],{"class":282},[44,2279,279],{"class":278},[44,2281,2282],{"class":58},")))\n",[44,2284,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295,2297,2299,2302,2304],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2286,106],{"class":105},[44,2288,93],{"class":58},[44,2290,1388],{"class":105},[44,2292,93],{"class":58},[44,2294,1564],{"class":909},[44,2296,93],{"class":58},[44,2298,279],{"class":278},[44,2300,2301],{"class":282},"-3.2",[44,2303,279],{"class":278},[44,2305,2282],{"class":58},[20,2307,118],{},[35,2309,2311],{"className":37,"code":2310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2312,2313,2318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2314,2315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2316,2317],{"class":62},"5\n",[44,2319,2320],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2321,2322],{"class":62},"3.2\n",[20,2324,2325,2326,2329,2330,86],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2327,2328],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[184,2331,2333],{"href":2332},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[693,2335,2337],{"id":2336},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2339,2340],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,2342,2344],{"className":37,"code":2343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2345,2346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2347,2348,2350,2352,2354,2356,2358,2360,2362,2364,2366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2349,106],{"class":105},[44,2351,93],{"class":58},[44,2353,1388],{"class":105},[44,2355,650],{"class":58},[44,2357,63],{"class":62},[44,2359,66],{"class":58},[44,2361,69],{"class":62},[44,2363,66],{"class":58},[44,2365,74],{"class":62},[44,2367,2368],{"class":58},"]))\n",[20,2370,2371,2372,2374],{},"This raises a ",[15,2373,1081],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[693,2376,2378],{"id":2377},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2380,2381,2383],{},[15,2382,1354],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,2385,2387],{"className":37,"code":2386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2388,2389,2401,2411,2415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2390,2391,2394,2396,2398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2392,2393],{"class":50},"x ",[44,2395,55],{"class":54},[44,2397,1594],{"class":54},[44,2399,2400],{"class":62},"9\n",[44,2402,2403,2405,2407,2409],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2404,1388],{"class":105},[44,2406,93],{"class":58},[44,2408,1545],{"class":89},[44,2410,99],{"class":58},[44,2412,2413],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2414,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,2416,2417,2419,2421,2423],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,2418,106],{"class":105},[44,2420,93],{"class":58},[44,2422,1545],{"class":89},[44,2424,99],{"class":58},[20,2426,118],{},[35,2428,2430],{"className":37,"code":2429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,2431,2432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2433,2434,2436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2435,1393],{"class":54},[44,2437,2400],{"class":62},[20,2439,2440],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,2442,2444],{"className":37,"code":2443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2445,2446,2456,2470,2474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2447,2448,2450,2452,2454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2449,2393],{"class":50},[44,2451,55],{"class":54},[44,2453,1594],{"class":54},[44,2455,2400],{"class":62},[44,2457,2458,2460,2462,2464,2466,2468],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2459,2393],{"class":50},[44,2461,55],{"class":54},[44,2463,1607],{"class":105},[44,2465,93],{"class":58},[44,2467,1545],{"class":89},[44,2469,99],{"class":58},[44,2471,2472],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2473,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,2475,2476,2478,2480,2482],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,2477,106],{"class":105},[44,2479,93],{"class":58},[44,2481,1545],{"class":89},[44,2483,99],{"class":58},[20,2485,118],{},[35,2487,2488],{"className":37,"code":2400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2489,2490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2491,2492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2493,2400],{"class":62},[693,2495,2497],{"id":2496},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2499,2500,2502],{},[15,2501,1354],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,2504,2506],{"className":37,"code":2505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2507,2508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2509,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518,2520,2523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2511,106],{"class":105},[44,2513,93],{"class":58},[44,2515,1388],{"class":105},[44,2517,93],{"class":58},[44,2519,1393],{"class":54},[44,2521,2522],{"class":62},"4.7",[44,2524,973],{"class":58},[20,2526,118],{},[35,2528,2530],{"className":37,"code":2529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,2531,2532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2533,2534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2535,2529],{"class":62},[20,2537,2538,2539,2541,2542,2544],{},"If you expected ",[15,2540,1508],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2543,1354],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,2546,2548],{"id":2547},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2550,2551,2553],{},[15,2552,1354],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[165,2555,2556,2563,2570],{},[168,2557,2558,2560,2561],{},[15,2559,1560],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2562,1560],{},[168,2564,2565,2567,2568],{},[15,2566,1564],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2569,1564],{},[168,2571,2572,2567,2574],{},[15,2573,1568],{},[15,2575,1564],{},[20,2577,894],{},[35,2579,2581],{"className":37,"code":2580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2582,2583,2603,2624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2584,2585,2587,2589,2591,2593,2595,2597,2599,2601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2586,106],{"class":105},[44,2588,93],{"class":58},[44,2590,1090],{"class":909},[44,2592,93],{"class":58},[44,2594,1388],{"class":105},[44,2596,93],{"class":58},[44,2598,1393],{"class":54},[44,2600,1508],{"class":62},[44,2602,2282],{"class":58},[44,2604,2605,2607,2609,2611,2613,2615,2617,2619,2622],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2606,106],{"class":105},[44,2608,93],{"class":58},[44,2610,1090],{"class":909},[44,2612,93],{"class":58},[44,2614,1388],{"class":105},[44,2616,93],{"class":58},[44,2618,1393],{"class":54},[44,2620,2621],{"class":62},"3.2",[44,2623,2282],{"class":58},[44,2625,2626,2628,2630,2632,2634,2636,2638,2640,2642,2644,2646],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2627,106],{"class":105},[44,2629,93],{"class":58},[44,2631,1090],{"class":909},[44,2633,93],{"class":58},[44,2635,1388],{"class":105},[44,2637,93],{"class":58},[44,2639,1433],{"class":62},[44,2641,1826],{"class":54},[44,2643,143],{"class":62},[44,2645,1437],{"class":1436},[44,2647,2282],{"class":58},[20,2649,118],{},[35,2651,2653],{"className":37,"code":2652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2654,2655,2672,2686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2656,2657,2660,2663,2665,2667,2669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2658,2659],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,2661,2662],{"class":1436},"class",[44,2664,360],{"class":278},[44,2666,1560],{"class":282},[44,2668,351],{"class":278},[44,2670,2671],{"class":54},">\n",[44,2673,2674,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2675,2659],{"class":54},[44,2677,2662],{"class":1436},[44,2679,360],{"class":278},[44,2681,1564],{"class":282},[44,2683,351],{"class":278},[44,2685,2671],{"class":54},[44,2687,2688,2690,2692,2694,2696,2698],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2689,2659],{"class":54},[44,2691,2662],{"class":1436},[44,2693,360],{"class":278},[44,2695,1564],{"class":282},[44,2697,351],{"class":278},[44,2699,2671],{"class":54},[20,2701,2702],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2704,2705],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2707,2708],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,2710,2712],{"className":37,"code":2711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2713,2714,2728,2738,2752,2756,2770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2715,2716,2718,2720,2722,2725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2717,1819],{"class":50},[44,2719,55],{"class":54},[44,2721,290],{"class":278},[44,2723,2724],{"class":282},"-5",[44,2726,2727],{"class":278},"\"\n",[44,2729,2730,2732,2734,2736],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2731,106],{"class":105},[44,2733,93],{"class":58},[44,2735,1188],{"class":89},[44,2737,99],{"class":58},[44,2739,2740,2742,2744,2746,2748,2750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2741,106],{"class":105},[44,2743,93],{"class":58},[44,2745,1090],{"class":909},[44,2747,93],{"class":58},[44,2749,1188],{"class":89},[44,2751,973],{"class":58},[44,2753,2754],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,2755,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,2757,2758,2761,2763,2765,2768],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,2759,2760],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,2762,55],{"class":54},[44,2764,290],{"class":278},[44,2766,2767],{"class":282},"-3.7",[44,2769,2727],{"class":278},[44,2771,2772,2774,2776,2778,2780,2782,2784,2787],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,2773,106],{"class":105},[44,2775,93],{"class":58},[44,2777,1388],{"class":105},[44,2779,93],{"class":58},[44,2781,1564],{"class":909},[44,2783,93],{"class":58},[44,2785,2786],{"class":89},"user_input",[44,2788,2282],{"class":58},[20,2790,118],{},[35,2792,2794],{"className":37,"code":2793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2795,2796,2802,2817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2797,2798,2800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2799,1393],{"class":54},[44,2801,2317],{"class":62},[44,2803,2804,2806,2808,2810,2813,2815],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,2805,2659],{"class":54},[44,2807,2662],{"class":1436},[44,2809,360],{"class":278},[44,2811,2812],{"class":282},"str",[44,2814,351],{"class":278},[44,2816,2671],{"class":54},[44,2818,2819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2820,2821],{"class":62},"3.7\n",[30,2823,1235],{"id":1234},[693,2825,2827],{"id":2826},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,2829,2830],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[693,2832,2834],{"id":2833},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,2836,2837],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[693,2839,2841],{"id":2840},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,2843,2844],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[693,2846,2848],{"id":2847},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,2850,2851,2853,2854,188,2856,2858,2859,86],{},[15,2852,2328],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,2855,2248],{},[15,2857,2254],{}," before using ",[15,2860,1354],{},[693,2862,2864],{"id":2863},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,2866,2867],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,2869,1279],{"id":1278},[165,2871,2872,2879,2885,2891,2896],{},[168,2873,2874],{},[184,2875,2876,2878],{"href":2245},[15,2877,2248],{}," function explained",[168,2880,2881],{},[184,2882,2883,2878],{"href":2251},[15,2884,2254],{},[168,2886,2887],{},[184,2888,2889,2878],{"href":1672},[15,2890,1675],{},[168,2892,2893],{},[184,2894,2895],{"href":2332},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[168,2897,2898],{},[184,2899,1792],{"href":1791},[1304,2901,2902],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":2904},[2905,2906,2907,2908,2909,2910,2916,2922,2923,2930],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":1469,"depth":80,"text":1470},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":1680,"depth":80,"text":1681},{"id":1795,"depth":80,"text":1796},{"id":1898,"depth":80,"text":1899,"children":2911},[2912,2913,2914,2915],{"id":1907,"depth":102,"text":1908},{"id":2008,"depth":102,"text":2009},{"id":2057,"depth":102,"text":2058},{"id":2124,"depth":102,"text":2125},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":2917},[2918,2919,2920,2921],{"id":2203,"depth":102,"text":2204},{"id":2336,"depth":102,"text":2337},{"id":2377,"depth":102,"text":2378},{"id":2496,"depth":102,"text":2497},{"id":2547,"depth":80,"text":2548},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":2924},[2925,2926,2927,2928,2929],{"id":2826,"depth":102,"text":2827},{"id":2833,"depth":102,"text":2834},{"id":2840,"depth":102,"text":2841},{"id":2847,"depth":102,"text":2848},{"id":2863,"depth":102,"text":2864},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1343,"description":2931},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":2938,"title":2939,"body":2940,"description":4646,"extension":1334,"meta":4647,"navigation":322,"path":4648,"seo":4649,"stem":4650,"__hash__":4651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2941,"toc":4610},[2942,2950,2956,2959,2975,2979,3036,3046,3051,3055,3074,3077,3094,3097,3101,3109,3126,3129,3168,3171,3178,3184,3259,3261,3293,3299,3303,3307,3346,3348,3357,3364,3368,3407,3409,3418,3428,3432,3488,3490,3498,3501,3504,3551,3553,3561,3567,3574,3579,3582,3585,3652,3654,3662,3665,3732,3734,3742,3756,3759,3771,3775,3781,3784,3786,3802,3804,3812,3815,3818,3821,3838,3841,3844,3874,3876,3889,3893,3897,3900,3915,3920,3923,3950,3957,3960,3999,4005,4011,4019,4022,4074,4081,4145,4150,4159,4162,4180,4186,4189,4331,4337,4342,4345,4356,4359,4415,4417,4425,4428,4487,4489,4497,4500,4511,4513,4520,4529,4538,4541,4548,4551,4560,4573,4575,4607],[10,2943,2945,2946,2949],{"id":2944},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,2947,2948],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,2951,2952,2953,2955],{},"Python’s ",[15,2954,2948],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,2957,2958],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[165,2960,2961,2964,2967],{},[168,2962,2963],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[168,2965,2966],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[168,2968,2969,727,2972,2974],{},[15,2970,2971],{},"all([])",[15,2973,987],{},", which often seems strange at first",[30,2976,2978],{"id":2977},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,2980,2982],{"className":37,"code":2981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,2983,2984,3006,3021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2985,2986,2988,2990,2993,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2987,51],{"class":50},[44,2989,55],{"class":54},[44,2991,2992],{"class":58}," [",[44,2994,63],{"class":62},[44,2996,66],{"class":58},[44,2998,69],{"class":62},[44,3000,66],{"class":58},[44,3002,74],{"class":62},[44,3004,3005],{"class":58},"]\n",[44,3007,3008,3010,3012,3015,3017,3019],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3009,1602],{"class":50},[44,3011,55],{"class":54},[44,3013,3014],{"class":105}," all",[44,3016,93],{"class":58},[44,3018,83],{"class":89},[44,3020,99],{"class":58},[44,3022,3023,3025,3027,3029,3032],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3024,106],{"class":105},[44,3026,93],{"class":58},[44,3028,1637],{"class":89},[44,3030,3031],{"class":58},")",[44,3033,3035],{"class":3034},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3037,3038,727,3040,3042,3043,86],{},[15,3039,2948],{},[15,3041,987],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3044,3045],{},"False",[30,3047,155,3049,158],{"id":3048},"what-all-does",[15,3050,2948],{},[20,3052,3053,1084],{},[15,3054,2948],{},[165,3056,3057,3060,3066,3071],{},[168,3058,3059],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[168,3061,3062,3063,3065],{},"returns ",[15,3064,987],{}," if all items are truthy",[168,3067,3062,3068,3070],{},[15,3069,3045],{}," if any item is falsy",[168,3072,3073],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3075,3076],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,3078,3080],{"className":37,"code":3079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3081,3082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3083,3084,3087,3089,3092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3085,3086],{"class":105},"all",[44,3088,93],{"class":58},[44,3090,3091],{"class":89},"iterable",[44,3093,99],{"class":58},[20,3095,3096],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,3098,3100],{"id":3099},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3102,3103,3104,188,3106,3108],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3105,987],{},[15,3107,3045],{}," in conditions.",[165,3110,3111,3119],{},[168,3112,3113,3116,3117],{},[116,3114,3115],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3118,987],{},[168,3120,3121,3116,3124],{},[116,3122,3123],{},"Falsy",[15,3125,3045],{},[20,3127,3128],{},"Common falsy values include:",[165,3130,3131,3135,3140,3145,3149,3153,3158,3163],{},[168,3132,3133],{},[15,3134,1491],{},[168,3136,3137],{},[15,3138,3139],{},"0.0",[168,3141,3142],{},[15,3143,3144],{},"''",[168,3146,3147],{},[15,3148,730],{},[168,3150,3151],{},[15,3152,3045],{},[168,3154,3155],{},[15,3156,3157],{},"[]",[168,3159,3160],{},[15,3161,3162],{},"{}",[168,3164,3165],{},[15,3166,3167],{},"set()",[20,3169,3170],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3172,3173,3174,86],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[184,3175,3177],{"href":3176},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3179,3180,3181,1084],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3182,3183],{},"bool()",[35,3185,3187],{"className":37,"code":3186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3188,3189,3225,3229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3190,3191,3194,3196,3198,3200,3202,3205,3207,3210,3212,3214,3216,3218,3220,3223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3192,3193],{"class":50},"values ",[44,3195,55],{"class":54},[44,3197,2992],{"class":58},[44,3199,63],{"class":62},[44,3201,66],{"class":58},[44,3203,3204],{"class":62}," 0",[44,3206,66],{"class":58},[44,3208,3209],{"class":278}," ''",[44,3211,66],{"class":58},[44,3213,360],{"class":278},[44,3215,948],{"class":282},[44,3217,351],{"class":278},[44,3219,66],{"class":58},[44,3221,3222],{"class":871}," None",[44,3224,3005],{"class":58},[44,3226,3227],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3228,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,3230,3231,3233,3235,3238,3240,3242,3244,3248,3251,3254,3257],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3232,106],{"class":105},[44,3234,650],{"class":58},[44,3236,3237],{"class":909},"bool",[44,3239,93],{"class":58},[44,3241,1545],{"class":89},[44,3243,3031],{"class":58},[44,3245,3247],{"class":3246},"sVHd0"," for",[44,3249,3250],{"class":89}," x ",[44,3252,3253],{"class":3246},"in",[44,3255,3256],{"class":89}," values",[44,3258,677],{"class":58},[20,3260,118],{},[35,3262,3264],{"className":37,"code":3263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3265,3266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3267,3268,3271,3273,3275,3278,3280,3282,3284,3287,3289,3291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3269,3270],{"class":58},"[",[44,3272,987],{"class":871},[44,3274,66],{"class":58},[44,3276,3277],{"class":871}," False",[44,3279,66],{"class":58},[44,3281,3277],{"class":871},[44,3283,66],{"class":58},[44,3285,3286],{"class":871}," True",[44,3288,66],{"class":58},[44,3290,3277],{"class":871},[44,3292,3005],{"class":58},[20,3294,3295,3296,3298],{},"This matters because ",[15,3297,2948],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,3300,3302],{"id":3301},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[693,3304,3306],{"id":3305},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,3308,3310],{"className":37,"code":3309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3311,3312,3332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3313,3314,3316,3318,3320,3322,3324,3326,3328,3330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3315,51],{"class":50},[44,3317,55],{"class":54},[44,3319,2992],{"class":58},[44,3321,63],{"class":62},[44,3323,66],{"class":58},[44,3325,69],{"class":62},[44,3327,66],{"class":58},[44,3329,74],{"class":62},[44,3331,3005],{"class":58},[44,3333,3334,3336,3338,3340,3342,3344],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3335,106],{"class":105},[44,3337,93],{"class":58},[44,3339,3086],{"class":105},[44,3341,93],{"class":58},[44,3343,83],{"class":89},[44,3345,973],{"class":58},[20,3347,118],{},[35,3349,3351],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,3352,3353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3354,3355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3356,3350],{"class":871},[20,3358,3359,3360,727,3362,86],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3361,2948],{},[15,3363,987],{},[693,3365,3367],{"id":3366},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,3369,3371],{"className":37,"code":3370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3372,3373,3393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3374,3375,3377,3379,3381,3383,3385,3387,3389,3391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3376,51],{"class":50},[44,3378,55],{"class":54},[44,3380,2992],{"class":58},[44,3382,63],{"class":62},[44,3384,66],{"class":58},[44,3386,3204],{"class":62},[44,3388,66],{"class":58},[44,3390,74],{"class":62},[44,3392,3005],{"class":58},[44,3394,3395,3397,3399,3401,3403,3405],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3396,106],{"class":105},[44,3398,93],{"class":58},[44,3400,3086],{"class":105},[44,3402,93],{"class":58},[44,3404,83],{"class":89},[44,3406,973],{"class":58},[20,3408,118],{},[35,3410,3412],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,3413,3414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3415,3416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3417,3411],{"class":871},[20,3419,3420,3421,3423,3424,727,3426,86],{},"The value ",[15,3422,1491],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3425,2948],{},[15,3427,3045],{},[693,3429,3431],{"id":3430},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,3433,3435],{"className":37,"code":3434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3436,3437,3473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3438,3439,3442,3444,3446,3448,3451,3453,3455,3457,3460,3462,3464,3466,3469,3471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3440,3441],{"class":50},"words ",[44,3443,55],{"class":54},[44,3445,2992],{"class":58},[44,3447,351],{"class":278},[44,3449,3450],{"class":282},"apple",[44,3452,351],{"class":278},[44,3454,66],{"class":58},[44,3456,360],{"class":278},[44,3458,3459],{"class":282},"banana",[44,3461,351],{"class":278},[44,3463,66],{"class":58},[44,3465,360],{"class":278},[44,3467,3468],{"class":282},"cherry",[44,3470,351],{"class":278},[44,3472,3005],{"class":58},[44,3474,3475,3477,3479,3481,3483,3486],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3476,106],{"class":105},[44,3478,93],{"class":58},[44,3480,3086],{"class":105},[44,3482,93],{"class":58},[44,3484,3485],{"class":89},"words",[44,3487,973],{"class":58},[20,3489,118],{},[35,3491,3492],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3493,3494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3495,3496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3497,3350],{"class":871},[20,3499,3500],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3502,3503],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,3505,3507],{"className":37,"code":3506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3508,3509,3537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3510,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521,3523,3525,3527,3529,3531,3533,3535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3512,3441],{"class":50},[44,3514,55],{"class":54},[44,3516,2992],{"class":58},[44,3518,351],{"class":278},[44,3520,3450],{"class":282},[44,3522,351],{"class":278},[44,3524,66],{"class":58},[44,3526,3209],{"class":278},[44,3528,66],{"class":58},[44,3530,360],{"class":278},[44,3532,3468],{"class":282},[44,3534,351],{"class":278},[44,3536,3005],{"class":58},[44,3538,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3540,106],{"class":105},[44,3542,93],{"class":58},[44,3544,3086],{"class":105},[44,3546,93],{"class":58},[44,3548,3485],{"class":89},[44,3550,973],{"class":58},[20,3552,118],{},[35,3554,3555],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3556,3557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3558,3559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3560,3411],{"class":871},[20,3562,3563,3564,3566],{},"The empty string ",[15,3565,3144],{}," is falsy.",[30,3568,3570,3571,3573],{"id":3569},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3572,2948],{}," works with conditions",[20,3575,3576,3578],{},[15,3577,2948],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3580,3581],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3583,3584],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,3586,3588],{"className":37,"code":3587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3589,3590,3610,3638,3642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3591,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3606,3608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3593,51],{"class":50},[44,3595,55],{"class":54},[44,3597,2992],{"class":58},[44,3599,63],{"class":62},[44,3601,66],{"class":58},[44,3603,69],{"class":62},[44,3605,66],{"class":58},[44,3607,74],{"class":62},[44,3609,3005],{"class":58},[44,3611,3612,3614,3616,3618,3620,3622,3625,3627,3629,3631,3633,3636],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3613,1602],{"class":50},[44,3615,55],{"class":54},[44,3617,3014],{"class":105},[44,3619,93],{"class":58},[44,3621,2393],{"class":89},[44,3623,3624],{"class":54},">",[44,3626,3204],{"class":62},[44,3628,3247],{"class":3246},[44,3630,3250],{"class":89},[44,3632,3253],{"class":3246},[44,3634,3635],{"class":89}," numbers",[44,3637,99],{"class":58},[44,3639,3640],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3641,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,3643,3644,3646,3648,3650],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,3645,106],{"class":105},[44,3647,93],{"class":58},[44,3649,1637],{"class":89},[44,3651,99],{"class":58},[20,3653,118],{},[35,3655,3656],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3657,3658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3659,3660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3661,3350],{"class":871},[20,3663,3664],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,3666,3668],{"className":37,"code":3667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3669,3670,3692,3718,3722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3671,3672,3674,3676,3678,3680,3682,3684,3686,3688,3690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3673,51],{"class":50},[44,3675,55],{"class":54},[44,3677,2992],{"class":58},[44,3679,63],{"class":62},[44,3681,66],{"class":58},[44,3683,1594],{"class":54},[44,3685,472],{"class":62},[44,3687,66],{"class":58},[44,3689,74],{"class":62},[44,3691,3005],{"class":58},[44,3693,3694,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712,3714,3716],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3695,1602],{"class":50},[44,3697,55],{"class":54},[44,3699,3014],{"class":105},[44,3701,93],{"class":58},[44,3703,2393],{"class":89},[44,3705,3624],{"class":54},[44,3707,3204],{"class":62},[44,3709,3247],{"class":3246},[44,3711,3250],{"class":89},[44,3713,3253],{"class":3246},[44,3715,3635],{"class":89},[44,3717,99],{"class":58},[44,3719,3720],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3721,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,3723,3724,3726,3728,3730],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,3725,106],{"class":105},[44,3727,93],{"class":58},[44,3729,1637],{"class":89},[44,3731,99],{"class":58},[20,3733,118],{},[35,3735,3736],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3737,3738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3739,3740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3741,3411],{"class":871},[20,3743,3744,3745,3748,3749,3751,3752,727,3754,86],{},"The expression ",[15,3746,3747],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3750,987],{},", then ",[15,3753,2948],{},[15,3755,987],{},[20,3757,3758],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3760,3761,3762,3766,3767,86],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[184,3763,3765],{"href":3764},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[184,3768,3770],{"href":3769},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,3772,3774],{"id":3773},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3776,3777,727,3779,86],{},[15,3778,2971],{},[15,3780,987],{},[20,3782,3783],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3785,894],{},[35,3787,3789],{"className":37,"code":3788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3790,3791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3792,3793,3795,3797,3799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3794,106],{"class":105},[44,3796,93],{"class":58},[44,3798,3086],{"class":105},[44,3800,3801],{"class":58},"([]))\n",[20,3803,118],{},[35,3805,3806],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3807,3808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3809,3810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3811,3350],{"class":871},[20,3813,3814],{},"Why?",[20,3816,3817],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,3819,3820],{},"Think of it this way:",[165,3822,3823,3830,3833],{},[168,3824,3825,727,3827,3829],{},[15,3826,2948],{},[15,3828,3045],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[168,3831,3832],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[168,3834,3835,3836],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,3837,3045],{},[20,3839,3840],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,3842,3843],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,3845,3847],{"className":37,"code":3846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,3848,3849,3860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3850,3851,3853,3855,3857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3852,106],{"class":105},[44,3854,93],{"class":58},[44,3856,3086],{"class":105},[44,3858,3859],{"class":58},"(()))\n",[44,3861,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3863,106],{"class":105},[44,3865,93],{"class":58},[44,3867,3086],{"class":105},[44,3869,93],{"class":58},[44,3871,3144],{"class":278},[44,3873,973],{"class":58},[20,3875,118],{},[35,3877,3879],{"className":37,"code":3878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,3880,3881,3885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3882,3883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3884,3350],{"class":871},[44,3886,3887],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3888,3350],{"class":871},[30,3890,3892],{"id":3891},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[693,3894,3896],{"id":3895},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,3898,3899],{},"This is wrong:",[35,3901,3903],{"className":37,"code":3902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,3904,3905,3910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3906,3907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3908,3909],{"class":3034},"# Wrong\n",[44,3911,3912],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3913,3914],{"class":3034},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,3916,3917,3919],{},[15,3918,2948],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,3921,3922],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,3924,3926],{"className":37,"code":3925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3927,3928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3929,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940,3942,3944,3946,3948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3931,106],{"class":105},[44,3933,93],{"class":58},[44,3935,3086],{"class":105},[44,3937,650],{"class":58},[44,3939,63],{"class":62},[44,3941,66],{"class":58},[44,3943,69],{"class":62},[44,3945,66],{"class":58},[44,3947,74],{"class":62},[44,3949,2368],{"class":58},[693,3951,3953,3954,3956],{"id":3952},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,3955,2948],{}," compares values automatically",[20,3958,3959],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,3961,3963],{"className":37,"code":3962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3964,3965,3985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3966,3967,3969,3971,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981,3983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3968,51],{"class":50},[44,3970,55],{"class":54},[44,3972,2992],{"class":58},[44,3974,1508],{"class":62},[44,3976,66],{"class":58},[44,3978,1064],{"class":62},[44,3980,66],{"class":58},[44,3982,1064],{"class":62},[44,3984,3005],{"class":58},[44,3986,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995,3997],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,3988,106],{"class":105},[44,3990,93],{"class":58},[44,3992,3086],{"class":105},[44,3994,93],{"class":58},[44,3996,83],{"class":89},[44,3998,973],{"class":58},[20,4000,4001,4002,4004],{},"This does ",[116,4003,736],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4006,4007,4008,4010],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4009,1508],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,4012,4013],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4014,4015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4016,4017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4018,3350],{"class":871},[20,4020,4021],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,4023,4025],{"className":37,"code":4024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4026,4027,4047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4028,4029,4031,4033,4035,4037,4039,4041,4043,4045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4030,51],{"class":50},[44,4032,55],{"class":54},[44,4034,2992],{"class":58},[44,4036,1508],{"class":62},[44,4038,66],{"class":58},[44,4040,1064],{"class":62},[44,4042,66],{"class":58},[44,4044,1064],{"class":62},[44,4046,3005],{"class":58},[44,4048,4049,4051,4053,4055,4057,4059,4062,4064,4066,4068,4070,4072],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4050,106],{"class":105},[44,4052,93],{"class":58},[44,4054,3086],{"class":105},[44,4056,93],{"class":58},[44,4058,2393],{"class":89},[44,4060,4061],{"class":54},"==",[44,4063,1064],{"class":62},[44,4065,3247],{"class":3246},[44,4067,3250],{"class":89},[44,4069,3253],{"class":3246},[44,4071,3635],{"class":89},[44,4073,973],{"class":58},[693,4075,4077,4078,4080],{"id":4076},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4079,1491],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,4082,4084],{"className":37,"code":4083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4085,4086,4112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4087,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102,4104,4106,4109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4089,106],{"class":105},[44,4091,93],{"class":58},[44,4093,3086],{"class":105},[44,4095,650],{"class":58},[44,4097,63],{"class":62},[44,4099,66],{"class":58},[44,4101,69],{"class":62},[44,4103,66],{"class":58},[44,4105,3204],{"class":62},[44,4107,4108],{"class":58},"]))",[44,4110,4111],{"class":3034},"       # False\n",[44,4113,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4115,106],{"class":105},[44,4117,93],{"class":58},[44,4119,3086],{"class":105},[44,4121,650],{"class":58},[44,4123,351],{"class":278},[44,4125,184],{"class":282},[44,4127,351],{"class":278},[44,4129,66],{"class":58},[44,4131,360],{"class":278},[44,4133,563],{"class":282},[44,4135,351],{"class":278},[44,4137,66],{"class":58},[44,4139,3209],{"class":278},[44,4141,4108],{"class":58},[44,4143,4144],{"class":3034},"  # False\n",[20,4146,4147,4148,86],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4149,3045],{},[693,4151,4153,4154,4156,4157],{"id":4152},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4155,2971],{}," is ",[15,4158,987],{},[20,4160,4161],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,4163,4165],{"className":37,"code":4164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4166,4167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4168,4169,4171,4173,4175,4178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4170,106],{"class":105},[44,4172,93],{"class":58},[44,4174,3086],{"class":105},[44,4176,4177],{"class":58},"([]))",[44,4179,3035],{"class":3034},[20,4181,4182,4183,4185],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4184,987],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4187,4188],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,4190,4192],{"className":37,"code":4191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4193,4194,4216,4238,4285,4321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4195,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4206,4208,4210,4212,4214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4197,106],{"class":105},[44,4199,93],{"class":58},[44,4201,3086],{"class":105},[44,4203,650],{"class":58},[44,4205,63],{"class":62},[44,4207,66],{"class":58},[44,4209,69],{"class":62},[44,4211,66],{"class":58},[44,4213,74],{"class":62},[44,4215,2368],{"class":58},[44,4217,4218,4220,4222,4224,4226,4228,4230,4232,4234,4236],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4219,106],{"class":105},[44,4221,93],{"class":58},[44,4223,3086],{"class":105},[44,4225,650],{"class":58},[44,4227,63],{"class":62},[44,4229,66],{"class":58},[44,4231,3204],{"class":62},[44,4233,66],{"class":58},[44,4235,74],{"class":62},[44,4237,2368],{"class":58},[44,4239,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4241,106],{"class":105},[44,4243,650],{"class":58},[44,4245,3237],{"class":909},[44,4247,93],{"class":58},[44,4249,1545],{"class":89},[44,4251,3031],{"class":58},[44,4253,3247],{"class":3246},[44,4255,3250],{"class":89},[44,4257,3253],{"class":3246},[44,4259,2992],{"class":58},[44,4261,63],{"class":62},[44,4263,66],{"class":58},[44,4265,3204],{"class":62},[44,4267,66],{"class":58},[44,4269,3209],{"class":278},[44,4271,66],{"class":58},[44,4273,360],{"class":278},[44,4275,948],{"class":282},[44,4277,351],{"class":278},[44,4279,66],{"class":58},[44,4281,3222],{"class":871},[44,4283,4284],{"class":58},"]])\n",[44,4286,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,4288,106],{"class":105},[44,4290,93],{"class":58},[44,4292,3086],{"class":105},[44,4294,93],{"class":58},[44,4296,2393],{"class":89},[44,4298,3624],{"class":54},[44,4300,3204],{"class":62},[44,4302,3247],{"class":3246},[44,4304,3250],{"class":89},[44,4306,3253],{"class":3246},[44,4308,2992],{"class":58},[44,4310,63],{"class":62},[44,4312,66],{"class":58},[44,4314,69],{"class":62},[44,4316,66],{"class":58},[44,4318,74],{"class":62},[44,4320,2368],{"class":58},[44,4322,4323,4325,4327,4329],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,4324,106],{"class":105},[44,4326,93],{"class":58},[44,4328,3086],{"class":105},[44,4330,3801],{"class":58},[30,4332,4334,4335],{"id":4333},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4336,2948],{},[20,4338,4339,4341],{},[15,4340,2948],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4343,4344],{},"Common use cases:",[165,4346,4347,4350,4353],{},[168,4348,4349],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[168,4351,4352],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[168,4354,4355],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4357,4358],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,4360,4362],{"className":37,"code":4361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4363,4364,4400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4365,4366,4369,4371,4373,4375,4378,4380,4382,4384,4387,4389,4391,4393,4396,4398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4367,4368],{"class":50},"names ",[44,4370,55],{"class":54},[44,4372,2992],{"class":58},[44,4374,351],{"class":278},[44,4376,4377],{"class":282},"Alice",[44,4379,351],{"class":278},[44,4381,66],{"class":58},[44,4383,360],{"class":278},[44,4385,4386],{"class":282},"Bob",[44,4388,351],{"class":278},[44,4390,66],{"class":58},[44,4392,360],{"class":278},[44,4394,4395],{"class":282},"Charlie",[44,4397,351],{"class":278},[44,4399,3005],{"class":58},[44,4401,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410,4413],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4403,106],{"class":105},[44,4405,93],{"class":58},[44,4407,3086],{"class":105},[44,4409,93],{"class":58},[44,4411,4412],{"class":89},"names",[44,4414,973],{"class":58},[20,4416,118],{},[35,4418,4419],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4420,4421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4422,4423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4424,3350],{"class":871},[20,4426,4427],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,4429,4431],{"className":37,"code":4430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4432,4433,4457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4434,4435,4438,4440,4442,4445,4447,4450,4452,4455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4436,4437],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,4439,55],{"class":54},[44,4441,2992],{"class":58},[44,4443,4444],{"class":62},"75",[44,4446,66],{"class":58},[44,4448,4449],{"class":62}," 80",[44,4451,66],{"class":58},[44,4453,4454],{"class":62}," 50",[44,4456,3005],{"class":58},[44,4458,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4470,4473,4475,4477,4480,4482,4485],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4460,106],{"class":105},[44,4462,93],{"class":58},[44,4464,3086],{"class":105},[44,4466,93],{"class":58},[44,4468,4469],{"class":89},"score ",[44,4471,4472],{"class":54},">=",[44,4474,4454],{"class":62},[44,4476,3247],{"class":3246},[44,4478,4479],{"class":89}," score ",[44,4481,3253],{"class":3246},[44,4483,4484],{"class":89}," scores",[44,4486,973],{"class":58},[20,4488,118],{},[35,4490,4491],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4492,4493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4494,4495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4496,3350],{"class":871},[20,4498,4499],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4501,4502,4503,3766,4507,86],{},"For related tasks, see ",[184,4504,4506],{"href":4505},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[184,4508,4510],{"href":4509},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,4512,1235],{"id":1234},[693,4514,4516,4517,4519],{"id":4515},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4518,2948],{}," return in Python?",[20,4521,4522,4523,4525,4526,4528],{},"It returns ",[15,4524,987],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4527,3045],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[693,4530,4532,4533,4535,4536,1863],{"id":4531},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4534,2971],{}," return ",[15,4537,987],{},[20,4539,4540],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[693,4542,4544,4545,4547],{"id":4543},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4546,2948],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4549,4550],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[693,4552,4554,4555,3766,4557,1863],{"id":4553},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4556,2948],{},[15,4558,4559],{},"any()",[20,4561,4562,4564,4565,4567,4568,86],{},[15,4563,2948],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4566,4559],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[184,4569,2945,4571,2878],{"href":4570},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4572,4559],{},[30,4574,1279],{"id":1278},[165,4576,4577,4583,4587,4592,4597,4602],{},[168,4578,4579],{},[184,4580,2945,4581,2878],{"href":4570},[15,4582,4559],{},[168,4584,4585],{},[184,4586,3177],{"href":3176},[168,4588,4589],{},[184,4590,4591],{"href":4509},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[168,4593,4594],{},[184,4595,4596],{"href":4505},"How to filter a list in Python",[168,4598,4599],{},[184,4600,4601],{"href":3764},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[168,4603,4604],{},[184,4605,4606],{"href":3769},"What is an iterable in Python",[1304,4608,4609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":4611},[4612,4613,4615,4616,4621,4623,4624,4633,4635,4645],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":3048,"depth":80,"text":4614},"What all() does",{"id":3099,"depth":80,"text":3100},{"id":3301,"depth":80,"text":3302,"children":4617},[4618,4619,4620],{"id":3305,"depth":102,"text":3306},{"id":3366,"depth":102,"text":3367},{"id":3430,"depth":102,"text":3431},{"id":3569,"depth":80,"text":4622},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3773,"depth":80,"text":3774},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":4625},[4626,4627,4629,4631],{"id":3895,"depth":102,"text":3896},{"id":3952,"depth":102,"text":4628},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4076,"depth":102,"text":4630},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4152,"depth":102,"text":4632},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4333,"depth":80,"text":4634},"When to use all()",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":4636},[4637,4639,4641,4643],{"id":4515,"depth":102,"text":4638},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4531,"depth":102,"text":4640},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4543,"depth":102,"text":4642},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4553,"depth":102,"text":4644},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":2939,"description":4646},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4653,"title":4654,"body":4655,"description":6344,"extension":1334,"meta":6345,"navigation":322,"path":4570,"seo":6346,"stem":6347,"__hash__":6348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4656,"toc":6322},[4657,4660,4668,4671,4688,4696,4740,4749,4753,4758,4761,4778,4781,4792,4804,4808,4811,4826,4831,4834,4846,4849,4933,4936,4957,4963,4965,4973,4987,4989,5023,5025,5028,5089,5091,5108,5111,5138,5140,5148,5160,5164,5167,5206,5208,5216,5218,5234,5242,5245,5288,5290,5298,5303,5307,5315,5318,5345,5348,5351,5425,5427,5435,5442,5466,5477,5480,5559,5561,5569,5576,5580,5585,5600,5602,5610,5613,5619,5622,5667,5669,5686,5690,5695,5706,5709,5822,5825,5884,5890,5892,5897,5901,5903,5922,5928,5931,5950,5954,5963,5990,5992,6000,6008,6012,6018,6041,6043,6051,6058,6062,6065,6116,6119,6170,6173,6175,6179,6186,6190,6197,6201,6209,6213,6216,6238,6240,6290,6292,6319],[10,4658,4654],{"id":4659},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4661,4662,4664,4665,86],{},[15,4663,4559],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[116,4666,4667],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4669,4670],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[165,4672,4673,4676,4679,4682,4685],{},[168,4674,4675],{},"lists",[168,4677,4678],{},"tuples",[168,4680,4681],{},"sets",[168,4683,4684],{},"strings",[168,4686,4687],{},"generator expressions",[20,4689,4690,4691,188,4693,4695],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4692,987],{},[15,4694,3045],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,4697,4699],{"className":37,"code":4698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4700,4701,4721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4702,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715,4717,4719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4704,3193],{"class":50},[44,4706,55],{"class":54},[44,4708,2992],{"class":58},[44,4710,1491],{"class":62},[44,4712,66],{"class":58},[44,4714,3209],{"class":278},[44,4716,66],{"class":58},[44,4718,1064],{"class":62},[44,4720,3005],{"class":58},[44,4722,4723,4725,4727,4730,4732,4735,4738],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4724,106],{"class":105},[44,4726,93],{"class":58},[44,4728,4729],{"class":105},"any",[44,4731,93],{"class":58},[44,4733,4734],{"class":89},"values",[44,4736,4737],{"class":58},"))",[44,4739,3035],{"class":3034},[20,4741,148,4742,4745,4746,4748],{},[15,4743,4744],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4747,987],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,4750,4752],{"id":4751},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4754,4755,4757],{},[15,4756,4559],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4759,4760],{},"It returns:",[165,4762,4763,4768,4773],{},[168,4764,4765,4767],{},[15,4766,987],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[168,4769,4770,4772],{},[15,4771,3045],{}," if all items are falsy",[168,4774,4775,4777],{},[15,4776,3045],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4779,4780],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[165,4782,4783,4786,4789],{},[168,4784,4785],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[168,4787,4788],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[168,4790,4791],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4793,4794,4795,4798,4799,86],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[116,4796,4797],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[184,4800,4802],{"href":4801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4803,2948],{},[30,4805,4807],{"id":4806},"syntax","Syntax",[20,4809,4810],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,4812,4814],{"className":37,"code":4813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,4815,4816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4817,4818,4820,4822,4824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4819,4729],{"class":105},[44,4821,93],{"class":58},[44,4823,3091],{"class":89},[44,4825,99],{"class":58},[20,4827,4828,4829,86],{},"The argument must be an ",[116,4830,3091],{},[20,4832,4833],{},"Common inputs include:",[165,4835,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844],{},[168,4837,4675],{},[168,4839,4678],{},[168,4841,4681],{},[168,4843,4684],{},[168,4845,4687],{},[20,4847,4848],{},"For example:",[35,4850,4852],{"className":37,"code":4851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,4853,4854,4877,4895,4915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4855,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4857,106],{"class":105},[44,4859,93],{"class":58},[44,4861,4729],{"class":105},[44,4863,650],{"class":58},[44,4865,1491],{"class":62},[44,4867,66],{"class":58},[44,4869,3204],{"class":62},[44,4871,66],{"class":58},[44,4873,4874],{"class":62}," 1",[44,4876,2368],{"class":58},[44,4878,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4880,106],{"class":105},[44,4882,93],{"class":58},[44,4884,4729],{"class":105},[44,4886,964],{"class":58},[44,4888,3045],{"class":871},[44,4890,66],{"class":58},[44,4892,3277],{"class":871},[44,4894,2282],{"class":58},[44,4896,4897,4899,4901,4903,4906,4908,4910,4912],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4898,106],{"class":105},[44,4900,93],{"class":58},[44,4902,4729],{"class":105},[44,4904,4905],{"class":58},"({",[44,4907,1491],{"class":62},[44,4909,66],{"class":58},[44,4911,69],{"class":62},[44,4913,4914],{"class":58},"}))\n",[44,4916,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,4918,106],{"class":105},[44,4920,93],{"class":58},[44,4922,4729],{"class":105},[44,4924,93],{"class":58},[44,4926,279],{"class":278},[44,4928,948],{"class":282},[44,4930,279],{"class":278},[44,4932,973],{"class":58},[20,4934,4935],{},"Expected output:",[35,4937,4939],{"className":37,"code":4938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,4940,4941,4945,4949,4953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4942,4943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4944,3350],{"class":871},[44,4946,4947],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,4948,3411],{"class":871},[44,4950,4951],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4952,3350],{"class":871},[44,4954,4955],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,4956,3350],{"class":871},[20,4958,4959,4960,86],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[184,4961,4510],{"href":4962},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,4964,3100],{"id":3099},[20,4966,3103,4967,188,4970,3108],{},[116,4968,4969],{},"truthy",[116,4971,4972],{},"falsy",[165,4974,4975,4981],{},[168,4976,4977,3116,4979],{},[116,4978,3115],{},[15,4980,987],{},[168,4982,4983,3116,4985],{},[116,4984,3123],{},[15,4986,3045],{},[20,4988,3128],{},[165,4990,4991,4995,4999,5003,5007,5011,5015,5019],{},[168,4992,4993],{},[15,4994,3045],{},[168,4996,4997],{},[15,4998,1491],{},[168,5000,5001],{},[15,5002,3139],{},[168,5004,5005],{},[15,5006,3144],{},[168,5008,5009],{},[15,5010,3157],{},[168,5012,5013],{},[15,5014,3162],{},[168,5016,5017],{},[15,5018,3167],{},[168,5020,5021],{},[15,5022,730],{},[20,5024,3170],{},[20,5026,5027],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,5029,5031],{"className":37,"code":5030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5032,5033,5047,5065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5034,5035,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5036,106],{"class":105},[44,5038,93],{"class":58},[44,5040,4729],{"class":105},[44,5042,650],{"class":58},[44,5044,63],{"class":62},[44,5046,2368],{"class":58},[44,5048,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5050,106],{"class":105},[44,5052,93],{"class":58},[44,5054,4729],{"class":105},[44,5056,650],{"class":58},[44,5058,351],{"class":278},[44,5060,948],{"class":282},[44,5062,351],{"class":278},[44,5064,2368],{"class":58},[44,5066,5067,5069,5071,5073,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5068,106],{"class":105},[44,5070,93],{"class":58},[44,5072,4729],{"class":105},[44,5074,5075],{"class":58},"([[",[44,5077,63],{"class":62},[44,5079,66],{"class":58},[44,5081,69],{"class":62},[44,5083,66],{"class":58},[44,5085,74],{"class":62},[44,5087,5088],{"class":58},"]]))\n",[20,5090,4935],{},[35,5092,5094],{"className":37,"code":5093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5095,5096,5100,5104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5097,5098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5099,3350],{"class":871},[44,5101,5102],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5103,3350],{"class":871},[44,5105,5106],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5107,3350],{"class":871},[20,5109,5110],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,5112,5114],{"className":37,"code":5113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5115,5116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5117,5118,5120,5122,5124,5126,5128,5130,5132,5134,5136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5119,106],{"class":105},[44,5121,93],{"class":58},[44,5123,4729],{"class":105},[44,5125,650],{"class":58},[44,5127,1491],{"class":62},[44,5129,66],{"class":58},[44,5131,3209],{"class":278},[44,5133,66],{"class":58},[44,5135,3222],{"class":871},[44,5137,2368],{"class":58},[20,5139,4935],{},[35,5141,5142],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5143,5144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5145,5146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5147,3411],{"class":871},[20,5149,5150,5151,3766,5154,86],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[184,5152,3177],{"href":5153},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[184,5155,5157,5159],{"href":5156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5158,3183],{}," explained",[30,5161,5163],{"id":5162},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5165,5166],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,5168,5170],{"className":37,"code":5169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5171,5172,5192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5173,5174,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5175,3193],{"class":50},[44,5177,55],{"class":54},[44,5179,2992],{"class":58},[44,5181,1491],{"class":62},[44,5183,66],{"class":58},[44,5185,3209],{"class":278},[44,5187,66],{"class":58},[44,5189,1064],{"class":62},[44,5191,3005],{"class":58},[44,5193,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5195,106],{"class":105},[44,5197,93],{"class":58},[44,5199,4729],{"class":105},[44,5201,93],{"class":58},[44,5203,4734],{"class":89},[44,5205,973],{"class":58},[20,5207,118],{},[35,5209,5210],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5211,5212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5213,5214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5215,3350],{"class":871},[20,5217,3814],{},[165,5219,5220,5225,5229],{},[168,5221,5222,5224],{},[15,5223,1491],{}," is falsy",[168,5226,5227,5224],{},[15,5228,3144],{},[168,5230,5231,5233],{},[15,5232,1508],{}," is truthy",[20,5235,5236,5237,727,5240,86],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5238,5239],{},"any(values)",[15,5241,987],{},[20,5243,5244],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,5246,5248],{"className":37,"code":5247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5249,5250,5274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5251,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5253,3193],{"class":50},[44,5255,55],{"class":54},[44,5257,2992],{"class":58},[44,5259,1491],{"class":62},[44,5261,66],{"class":58},[44,5263,3209],{"class":278},[44,5265,66],{"class":58},[44,5267,3222],{"class":871},[44,5269,66],{"class":58},[44,5271,3277],{"class":871},[44,5273,3005],{"class":58},[44,5275,5276,5278,5280,5282,5284,5286],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5277,106],{"class":105},[44,5279,93],{"class":58},[44,5281,4729],{"class":105},[44,5283,93],{"class":58},[44,5285,4734],{"class":89},[44,5287,973],{"class":58},[20,5289,118],{},[35,5291,5292],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5293,5294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5295,5296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5297,3411],{"class":871},[20,5299,5300,5301,86],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5302,3045],{},[30,5304,5306],{"id":5305},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5308,5309,5311,5312,86],{},[15,5310,4559],{}," is often used with a ",[116,5313,5314],{},"generator expression",[20,5316,5317],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,5319,5321],{"className":37,"code":5320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5322,5323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5324,5325,5327,5329,5332,5335,5338,5340,5343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5326,4729],{"class":105},[44,5328,93],{"class":58},[44,5330,5331],{"class":89},"condition ",[44,5333,5334],{"class":3246},"for",[44,5336,5337],{"class":89}," item ",[44,5339,3253],{"class":3246},[44,5341,5342],{"class":89}," items",[44,5344,99],{"class":58},[20,5346,5347],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5349,5350],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,5352,5354],{"className":37,"code":5353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5355,5356,5384,5388,5415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5357,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5371,5373,5375,5377,5379,5382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5359,51],{"class":50},[44,5361,55],{"class":54},[44,5363,2992],{"class":58},[44,5365,96],{"class":62},[44,5367,66],{"class":58},[44,5369,5370],{"class":62}," 7",[44,5372,66],{"class":58},[44,5374,1594],{"class":54},[44,5376,472],{"class":62},[44,5378,66],{"class":58},[44,5380,5381],{"class":62}," 10",[44,5383,3005],{"class":58},[44,5385,5386],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5387,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,5389,5390,5392,5394,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407,5409,5411,5413],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5391,1602],{"class":50},[44,5393,55],{"class":54},[44,5395,5396],{"class":105}," any",[44,5398,93],{"class":58},[44,5400,2393],{"class":89},[44,5402,2659],{"class":54},[44,5404,3204],{"class":62},[44,5406,3247],{"class":3246},[44,5408,3250],{"class":89},[44,5410,3253],{"class":3246},[44,5412,3635],{"class":89},[44,5414,99],{"class":58},[44,5416,5417,5419,5421,5423],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,5418,106],{"class":105},[44,5420,93],{"class":58},[44,5422,1637],{"class":89},[44,5424,99],{"class":58},[20,5426,118],{},[35,5428,5429],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5430,5431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5432,5433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5434,3350],{"class":871},[20,5436,5437,5438,5441],{},"This works because ",[15,5439,5440],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[165,5443,5444,5452,5459],{},[168,5445,5446,5449,5450],{},[15,5447,5448],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5451,3045],{},[168,5453,5454,5449,5457],{},[15,5455,5456],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5458,3045],{},[168,5460,5461,5449,5464],{},[15,5462,5463],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5465,987],{},[20,5467,5468,5469,5471,5472,5474,5475,86],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5470,987],{}," result, ",[15,5473,4559],{}," can return ",[15,5476,987],{},[20,5478,5479],{},"Here is another example:",[35,5481,5483],{"className":37,"code":5482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5484,5485,5514,5518,5548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5486,5487,5489,5491,5493,5495,5497,5499,5501,5504,5506,5508,5510,5512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5488,3441],{"class":50},[44,5490,55],{"class":54},[44,5492,2992],{"class":58},[44,5494,279],{"class":278},[44,5496,3450],{"class":282},[44,5498,279],{"class":278},[44,5500,66],{"class":58},[44,5502,5503],{"class":278}," \"\"",[44,5505,66],{"class":58},[44,5507,290],{"class":278},[44,5509,3459],{"class":282},[44,5511,279],{"class":278},[44,5513,3005],{"class":58},[44,5515,5516],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5517,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,5519,5520,5523,5525,5527,5529,5532,5534,5536,5538,5541,5543,5546],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5521,5522],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,5524,55],{"class":54},[44,5526,5396],{"class":105},[44,5528,93],{"class":58},[44,5530,5531],{"class":89},"word ",[44,5533,4061],{"class":54},[44,5535,5503],{"class":278},[44,5537,3247],{"class":3246},[44,5539,5540],{"class":89}," word ",[44,5542,3253],{"class":3246},[44,5544,5545],{"class":89}," words",[44,5547,99],{"class":58},[44,5549,5550,5552,5554,5557],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,5551,106],{"class":105},[44,5553,93],{"class":58},[44,5555,5556],{"class":89},"has_empty_string",[44,5558,99],{"class":58},[20,5560,118],{},[35,5562,5563],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5564,5565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5566,5567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5568,3350],{"class":871},[20,5570,5571,5572,86],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[184,5573,5575],{"href":5574},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,5577,5579],{"id":5578},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5581,5582,5583,1084],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5584,3045],{},[35,5586,5588],{"className":37,"code":5587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5589,5590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5591,5592,5594,5596,5598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5593,106],{"class":105},[44,5595,93],{"class":58},[44,5597,4729],{"class":105},[44,5599,3801],{"class":58},[20,5601,118],{},[35,5603,5604],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5605,5606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5607,5608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5609,3411],{"class":871},[20,5611,5612],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5614,5615,5616,5618],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5617,4559],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5620,5621],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,5623,5625],{"className":37,"code":5624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5626,5627,5637,5652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5628,5629,5631,5633,5635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5630,106],{"class":105},[44,5632,93],{"class":58},[44,5634,4729],{"class":105},[44,5636,3859],{"class":58},[44,5638,5639,5641,5643,5645,5647,5650],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5640,106],{"class":105},[44,5642,93],{"class":58},[44,5644,4729],{"class":105},[44,5646,93],{"class":58},[44,5648,5649],{"class":278},"\"\"",[44,5651,973],{"class":58},[44,5653,5654,5656,5658,5660,5662,5664],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5655,106],{"class":105},[44,5657,93],{"class":58},[44,5659,4729],{"class":105},[44,5661,93],{"class":58},[44,5663,1214],{"class":909},[44,5665,5666],{"class":58},"()))\n",[20,5668,118],{},[35,5670,5672],{"className":37,"code":5671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5673,5674,5678,5682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5675,5676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5677,3411],{"class":871},[44,5679,5680],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5681,3411],{"class":871},[44,5683,5684],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5685,3411],{"class":871},[30,5687,5689],{"id":5688},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5691,148,5692,5694],{},[15,5693,4559],{}," when you want to:",[165,5696,5697,5700,5703],{},[168,5698,5699],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[168,5701,5702],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[168,5704,5705],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5707,5708],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,5710,5712],{"className":37,"code":5711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5713,5714,5739,5743,5753,5757,5771,5790,5800,5805,5810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5715,5716,5718,5720,5722,5724,5726,5728,5730,5732,5734,5737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5717,51],{"class":50},[44,5719,55],{"class":54},[44,5721,2992],{"class":58},[44,5723,63],{"class":62},[44,5725,66],{"class":58},[44,5727,74],{"class":62},[44,5729,66],{"class":58},[44,5731,1064],{"class":62},[44,5733,66],{"class":58},[44,5735,5736],{"class":62}," 8",[44,5738,3005],{"class":58},[44,5740,5741],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5742,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,5744,5745,5748,5750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5746,5747],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,5749,55],{"class":54},[44,5751,5752],{"class":871}," False\n",[44,5754,5755],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,5756,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,5758,5759,5761,5764,5766,5768],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,5760,5334],{"class":3246},[44,5762,5763],{"class":50}," number ",[44,5765,3253],{"class":3246},[44,5767,3635],{"class":50},[44,5769,5770],{"class":58},":\n",[44,5772,5773,5776,5778,5781,5783,5786,5788],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,5774,5775],{"class":3246},"    if",[44,5777,5763],{"class":50},[44,5779,5780],{"class":54},"%",[44,5782,69],{"class":62},[44,5784,5785],{"class":54}," ==",[44,5787,3204],{"class":62},[44,5789,5770],{"class":58},[44,5791,5792,5795,5797],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,5793,5794],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,5796,55],{"class":54},[44,5798,5799],{"class":871}," True\n",[44,5801,5802],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,5803,5804],{"class":3246},"        break\n",[44,5806,5808],{"class":46,"line":5807},9,[44,5809,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,5811,5813,5815,5817,5820],{"class":46,"line":5812},10,[44,5814,106],{"class":105},[44,5816,93],{"class":58},[44,5818,5819],{"class":89},"found_even",[44,5821,99],{"class":58},[20,5823,5824],{},"You can write:",[35,5826,5828],{"className":37,"code":5827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,5829,5830,5854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5831,5832,5834,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850,5852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5833,51],{"class":50},[44,5835,55],{"class":54},[44,5837,2992],{"class":58},[44,5839,63],{"class":62},[44,5841,66],{"class":58},[44,5843,74],{"class":62},[44,5845,66],{"class":58},[44,5847,1064],{"class":62},[44,5849,66],{"class":58},[44,5851,5736],{"class":62},[44,5853,3005],{"class":58},[44,5855,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866,5868,5870,5872,5874,5876,5878,5880,5882],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,5857,106],{"class":105},[44,5859,93],{"class":58},[44,5861,4729],{"class":105},[44,5863,93],{"class":58},[44,5865,1589],{"class":89},[44,5867,5780],{"class":54},[44,5869,69],{"class":62},[44,5871,5785],{"class":54},[44,5873,3204],{"class":62},[44,5875,3247],{"class":3246},[44,5877,5763],{"class":89},[44,5879,3253],{"class":3246},[44,5881,3635],{"class":89},[44,5883,973],{"class":58},[20,5885,5886,5887,5889],{},"Both work, but ",[15,5888,4559],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,5891,3892],{"id":3891},[20,5893,5894,5895,86],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,5896,4559],{},[693,5898,5900],{"id":5899},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,5902,3899],{},[35,5904,5906],{"className":37,"code":5905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,5907,5908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5909,5910,5912,5914,5916,5918,5920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5911,106],{"class":105},[44,5913,93],{"class":58},[44,5915,4729],{"class":105},[44,5917,93],{"class":58},[44,5919,1508],{"class":62},[44,5921,973],{"class":58},[20,5923,5924,5925,5927],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,5926,1508],{}," is not iterable.",[20,5929,5930],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,5932,5934],{"className":37,"code":5933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,5935,5936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5937,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5939,106],{"class":105},[44,5941,93],{"class":58},[44,5943,4729],{"class":105},[44,5945,650],{"class":58},[44,5947,1508],{"class":62},[44,5949,2368],{"class":58},[693,5951,5953],{"id":5952},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,5955,5956,5958,5959,5962],{},[15,5957,4559],{}," needs only ",[116,5960,5961],{},"one"," truthy item.",[35,5964,5966],{"className":37,"code":5965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,5967,5968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5969,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5971,106],{"class":105},[44,5973,93],{"class":58},[44,5975,4729],{"class":105},[44,5977,650],{"class":58},[44,5979,3045],{"class":871},[44,5981,66],{"class":58},[44,5983,3277],{"class":871},[44,5985,66],{"class":58},[44,5987,3286],{"class":871},[44,5989,2368],{"class":58},[20,5991,118],{},[35,5993,5994],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5995,5996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5997,5998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5999,3350],{"class":871},[20,6001,6002,6003,6007],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[184,6004,6005],{"href":4801},[15,6006,2948],{}," instead.",[693,6009,6011],{"id":6010},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6013,6014,6015,86],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6016,6017],{},"\"True\"",[35,6019,6021],{"className":37,"code":6020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6022,6023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6024,6025,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6026,106],{"class":105},[44,6028,93],{"class":58},[44,6030,4729],{"class":105},[44,6032,650],{"class":58},[44,6034,279],{"class":278},[44,6036,3045],{"class":282},[44,6038,279],{"class":278},[44,6040,2368],{"class":58},[20,6042,118],{},[35,6044,6045],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6046,6047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6048,6049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6050,3350],{"class":871},[20,6052,6053,6054,6057],{},"That is because ",[15,6055,6056],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[693,6059,6061],{"id":6060},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6063,6064],{},"This works:",[35,6066,6068],{"className":37,"code":6067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6069,6070,6090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6071,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6073,51],{"class":50},[44,6075,55],{"class":54},[44,6077,2992],{"class":58},[44,6079,63],{"class":62},[44,6081,66],{"class":58},[44,6083,69],{"class":62},[44,6085,66],{"class":58},[44,6087,74],{"class":62},[44,6089,3005],{"class":58},[44,6091,6092,6094,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6093,106],{"class":105},[44,6095,93],{"class":58},[44,6097,4729],{"class":105},[44,6099,650],{"class":58},[44,6101,2393],{"class":89},[44,6103,3624],{"class":54},[44,6105,69],{"class":62},[44,6107,3247],{"class":3246},[44,6109,3250],{"class":89},[44,6111,3253],{"class":3246},[44,6113,3635],{"class":89},[44,6115,2368],{"class":58},[20,6117,6118],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,6120,6122],{"className":37,"code":6121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6123,6124,6144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6125,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6127,51],{"class":50},[44,6129,55],{"class":54},[44,6131,2992],{"class":58},[44,6133,63],{"class":62},[44,6135,66],{"class":58},[44,6137,69],{"class":62},[44,6139,66],{"class":58},[44,6141,74],{"class":62},[44,6143,3005],{"class":58},[44,6145,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6147,106],{"class":105},[44,6149,93],{"class":58},[44,6151,4729],{"class":105},[44,6153,93],{"class":58},[44,6155,2393],{"class":89},[44,6157,3624],{"class":54},[44,6159,69],{"class":62},[44,6161,3247],{"class":3246},[44,6163,3250],{"class":89},[44,6165,3253],{"class":3246},[44,6167,3635],{"class":89},[44,6169,973],{"class":58},[20,6171,6172],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,6174,1235],{"id":1234},[693,6176,6178],{"id":6177},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6180,4522,6181,6183,6184,86],{},[15,6182,987],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6185,3045],{},[693,6187,6189],{"id":6188},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6191,6192,727,6194,6196],{},[15,6193,4559],{},[15,6195,3045],{}," for an empty iterable.",[693,6198,6200],{"id":6199},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6202,6203,6205,6206,6208],{},[15,6204,4559],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6207,2948],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[693,6210,6212],{"id":6211},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6214,6215],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,6217,6218],{"className":37,"code":5320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6219,6220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6221,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6232,6234,6236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6223,4729],{"class":105},[44,6225,93],{"class":58},[44,6227,5331],{"class":89},[44,6229,5334],{"class":3246},[44,6231,5337],{"class":89},[44,6233,3253],{"class":3246},[44,6235,5342],{"class":89},[44,6237,99],{"class":58},[20,6239,4848],{},[35,6241,6242],{"className":37,"code":6121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6243,6244,6264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6245,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6247,51],{"class":50},[44,6249,55],{"class":54},[44,6251,2992],{"class":58},[44,6253,63],{"class":62},[44,6255,66],{"class":58},[44,6257,69],{"class":62},[44,6259,66],{"class":58},[44,6261,74],{"class":62},[44,6263,3005],{"class":58},[44,6265,6266,6268,6270,6272,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284,6286,6288],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6267,106],{"class":105},[44,6269,93],{"class":58},[44,6271,4729],{"class":105},[44,6273,93],{"class":58},[44,6275,2393],{"class":89},[44,6277,3624],{"class":54},[44,6279,69],{"class":62},[44,6281,3247],{"class":3246},[44,6283,3250],{"class":89},[44,6285,3253],{"class":3246},[44,6287,3635],{"class":89},[44,6289,973],{"class":58},[30,6291,1279],{"id":1278},[165,6293,6294,6300,6304,6308,6313],{},[168,6295,6296],{},[184,6297,6298,2878],{"href":4801},[15,6299,2948],{},[168,6301,6302],{},[184,6303,3177],{"href":5153},[168,6305,6306],{},[184,6307,4591],{"href":4962},[168,6309,6310],{},[184,6311,6312],{"href":5574},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[168,6314,6315],{},[184,6316,6317,2878],{"href":5156},[15,6318,3183],{},[1304,6320,6321],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":6323},[6324,6325,6326,6327,6328,6329,6330,6331,6337,6343],{"id":4751,"depth":80,"text":4752},{"id":4806,"depth":80,"text":4807},{"id":3099,"depth":80,"text":3100},{"id":5162,"depth":80,"text":5163},{"id":5305,"depth":80,"text":5306},{"id":5578,"depth":80,"text":5579},{"id":5688,"depth":80,"text":5689},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":6332},[6333,6334,6335,6336],{"id":5899,"depth":102,"text":5900},{"id":5952,"depth":102,"text":5953},{"id":6010,"depth":102,"text":6011},{"id":6060,"depth":102,"text":6061},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":6338},[6339,6340,6341,6342],{"id":6177,"depth":102,"text":6178},{"id":6188,"depth":102,"text":6189},{"id":6199,"depth":102,"text":6200},{"id":6211,"depth":102,"text":6212},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4654,"description":6344},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6350,"title":6351,"body":6352,"description":8482,"extension":1334,"meta":8483,"navigation":322,"path":8484,"seo":8485,"stem":8486,"__hash__":8487},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6353,"toc":8445},[6354,6357,6366,6376,6378,6475,6477,6506,6522,6526,6531,6534,6544,6550,6556,6572,6574,6582,6589,6593,6596,6611,6616,6634,6639,6641,6689,6691,6708,6712,6718,6721,6756,6758,6864,6866,6903,6907,6915,6917,6937,6939,7060,7062,7091,7094,7117,7119,7127,7135,7139,7145,7149,7190,7192,7200,7203,7231,7233,7241,7245,7274,7276,7284,7316,7318,7326,7330,7381,7383,7391,7399,7403,7406,7459,7461,7481,7488,7492,7498,7501,7509,7531,7533,7541,7549,7572,7574,7582,7587,7592,7604,7606,7647,7658,7662,7671,7674,7677,7736,7739,7791,7794,7799,7815,7821,7823,7828,7836,7839,7861,7863,7871,7876,7879,7914,7916,7924,7928,7933,7971,7983,7986,8040,8048,8052,8055,8077,8086,8089,8130,8132,8155,8161,8167,8182,8184,8204,8207,8226,8228,8247,8251,8257,8336,8339,8353,8360,8362,8366,8373,8377,8381,8385,8390,8394,8399,8403,8410,8412,8442],[10,6355,6351],{"id":6356},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6358,1351,6359,6361,6362,188,6364,86],{},[15,6360,3183],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6363,987],{},[15,6365,3045],{},[20,6367,6368,6369,6371,6372,6375],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6370,3183],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6373,6374],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[30,6377,2978],{"id":2977},[35,6379,6381],{"className":37,"code":6380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6382,6383,6397,6411,6425,6443,6453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6384,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6386,106],{"class":105},[44,6388,93],{"class":58},[44,6390,3237],{"class":909},[44,6392,93],{"class":58},[44,6394,1491],{"class":62},[44,6396,973],{"class":58},[44,6398,6399,6401,6403,6405,6407,6409],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6400,106],{"class":105},[44,6402,93],{"class":58},[44,6404,3237],{"class":909},[44,6406,93],{"class":58},[44,6408,63],{"class":62},[44,6410,973],{"class":58},[44,6412,6413,6415,6417,6419,6421,6423],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6414,106],{"class":105},[44,6416,93],{"class":58},[44,6418,3237],{"class":909},[44,6420,93],{"class":58},[44,6422,5649],{"class":278},[44,6424,973],{"class":58},[44,6426,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,6428,106],{"class":105},[44,6430,93],{"class":58},[44,6432,3237],{"class":909},[44,6434,93],{"class":58},[44,6436,279],{"class":278},[44,6438,948],{"class":282},[44,6440,279],{"class":278},[44,6442,973],{"class":58},[44,6444,6445,6447,6449,6451],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,6446,106],{"class":105},[44,6448,93],{"class":58},[44,6450,3237],{"class":909},[44,6452,3801],{"class":58},[44,6454,6455,6457,6459,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471,6473],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,6456,106],{"class":105},[44,6458,93],{"class":58},[44,6460,3237],{"class":909},[44,6462,650],{"class":58},[44,6464,63],{"class":62},[44,6466,66],{"class":58},[44,6468,69],{"class":62},[44,6470,66],{"class":58},[44,6472,74],{"class":62},[44,6474,2368],{"class":58},[20,6476,4935],{},[35,6478,6480],{"className":37,"code":6479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6481,6482,6486,6490,6494,6498,6502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6483,6484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6485,3411],{"class":871},[44,6487,6488],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6489,3350],{"class":871},[44,6491,6492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6493,3411],{"class":871},[44,6495,6496],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,6497,3350],{"class":871},[44,6499,6500],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,6501,3411],{"class":871},[44,6503,6504],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,6505,3350],{"class":871},[20,6507,148,6508,6511,6512,188,6514,6516,6517,6519,6520,86],{},[15,6509,6510],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6513,987],{},[15,6515,3045],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6518,3045],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6521,987],{},[30,6523,6525],{"id":6524},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6527,6528,6530],{},[15,6529,3183],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6532,6533],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[165,6535,6536,6540],{},[168,6537,6538],{},[15,6539,987],{},[168,6541,6542],{},[15,6543,3045],{},[20,6545,6546,6547,6549],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6548,6374],{}," statements.",[20,6551,6552,6553,6555],{},"You can also call ",[15,6554,3183],{}," with no argument:",[35,6557,6559],{"className":37,"code":6558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,6560,6561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6562,6563,6565,6567,6569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6564,106],{"class":105},[44,6566,93],{"class":58},[44,6568,3237],{"class":909},[44,6570,6571],{"class":58},"())\n",[20,6573,118],{},[35,6575,6576],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6577,6578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6579,6580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6581,3411],{"class":871},[20,6583,6584,6585,86],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[184,6586,6588],{"href":6587},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,6590,6592],{"id":6591},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6594,6595],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,6597,6599],{"className":37,"code":6598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,6600,6601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6602,6603,6605,6607,6609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6604,3237],{"class":909},[44,6606,93],{"class":58},[44,6608,1188],{"class":89},[44,6610,99],{"class":58},[20,6612,1351,6613,6615],{},[15,6614,1188],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[165,6617,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626,6629,6631],{},[168,6619,83],{},[168,6621,4684],{},[168,6623,4675],{},[168,6625,4678],{},[168,6627,6628],{},"dictionaries",[168,6630,4681],{},[168,6632,6633],{},"other objects",[20,6635,6636,6637,86],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6638,3045],{},[20,6640,894],{},[35,6642,6644],{"className":37,"code":6643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6645,6646,6660,6679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6647,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6649,106],{"class":105},[44,6651,93],{"class":58},[44,6653,3237],{"class":909},[44,6655,93],{"class":58},[44,6657,931],{"class":62},[44,6659,973],{"class":58},[44,6661,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672,6675,6677],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6663,106],{"class":105},[44,6665,93],{"class":58},[44,6667,3237],{"class":909},[44,6669,93],{"class":58},[44,6671,279],{"class":278},[44,6673,6674],{"class":282},"Python",[44,6676,279],{"class":278},[44,6678,973],{"class":58},[44,6680,6681,6683,6685,6687],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6682,106],{"class":105},[44,6684,93],{"class":58},[44,6686,3237],{"class":909},[44,6688,6571],{"class":58},[20,6690,118],{},[35,6692,6694],{"className":37,"code":6693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6695,6696,6700,6704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6697,6698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6699,3350],{"class":871},[44,6701,6702],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6703,3350],{"class":871},[44,6705,6706],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6707,3411],{"class":871},[30,6709,6711],{"id":6710},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6713,6714,6715,6717],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[116,6716,4972],{}," values.",[20,6719,6720],{},"Common examples:",[165,6722,6723,6727,6731,6735,6739,6744,6748,6752],{},[168,6724,6725],{},[15,6726,1491],{},[168,6728,6729],{},[15,6730,3139],{},[168,6732,6733],{},[15,6734,5649],{},[168,6736,6737],{},[15,6738,3157],{},[168,6740,6741],{},[15,6742,6743],{},"()",[168,6745,6746],{},[15,6747,3162],{},[168,6749,6750],{},[15,6751,3167],{},[168,6753,6754],{},[15,6755,730],{},[20,6757,894],{},[35,6759,6761],{"className":37,"code":6760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6762,6763,6777,6791,6805,6815,6825,6836,6850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6764,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6766,106],{"class":105},[44,6768,93],{"class":58},[44,6770,3237],{"class":909},[44,6772,93],{"class":58},[44,6774,1491],{"class":62},[44,6776,973],{"class":58},[44,6778,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6780,106],{"class":105},[44,6782,93],{"class":58},[44,6784,3237],{"class":909},[44,6786,93],{"class":58},[44,6788,3139],{"class":62},[44,6790,973],{"class":58},[44,6792,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801,6803],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6794,106],{"class":105},[44,6796,93],{"class":58},[44,6798,3237],{"class":909},[44,6800,93],{"class":58},[44,6802,5649],{"class":278},[44,6804,973],{"class":58},[44,6806,6807,6809,6811,6813],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,6808,106],{"class":105},[44,6810,93],{"class":58},[44,6812,3237],{"class":909},[44,6814,3801],{"class":58},[44,6816,6817,6819,6821,6823],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,6818,106],{"class":105},[44,6820,93],{"class":58},[44,6822,3237],{"class":909},[44,6824,3859],{"class":58},[44,6826,6827,6829,6831,6833],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,6828,106],{"class":105},[44,6830,93],{"class":58},[44,6832,3237],{"class":909},[44,6834,6835],{"class":58},"({}))\n",[44,6837,6838,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,6839,106],{"class":105},[44,6841,93],{"class":58},[44,6843,3237],{"class":909},[44,6845,93],{"class":58},[44,6847,1214],{"class":909},[44,6849,5666],{"class":58},[44,6851,6852,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,6853,106],{"class":105},[44,6855,93],{"class":58},[44,6857,3237],{"class":909},[44,6859,93],{"class":58},[44,6861,730],{"class":871},[44,6863,973],{"class":58},[20,6865,118],{},[35,6867,6869],{"className":37,"code":6868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6870,6871,6875,6879,6883,6887,6891,6895,6899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6872,6873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6874,3411],{"class":871},[44,6876,6877],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6878,3411],{"class":871},[44,6880,6881],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6882,3411],{"class":871},[44,6884,6885],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,6886,3411],{"class":871},[44,6888,6889],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,6890,3411],{"class":871},[44,6892,6893],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,6894,3411],{"class":871},[44,6896,6897],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,6898,3411],{"class":871},[44,6900,6901],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,6902,3411],{"class":871},[30,6904,6906],{"id":6905},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,6908,6909,6910,6912,6913,6717],{},"Many values become ",[15,6911,987],{},". These are often called ",[116,6914,4969],{},[20,6916,6720],{},[165,6918,6919,6922,6925,6928,6931,6934],{},[168,6920,6921],{},"non-zero numbers",[168,6923,6924],{},"non-empty strings",[168,6926,6927],{},"non-empty lists",[168,6929,6930],{},"non-empty tuples",[168,6932,6933],{},"non-empty sets",[168,6935,6936],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,6938,894],{},[35,6940,6942],{"className":37,"code":6941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,6943,6944,6958,6974,6992,7014,7032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6945,6946,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6947,106],{"class":105},[44,6949,93],{"class":58},[44,6951,3237],{"class":909},[44,6953,93],{"class":58},[44,6955,1508],{"class":62},[44,6957,973],{"class":58},[44,6959,6960,6962,6964,6966,6968,6970,6972],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,6961,106],{"class":105},[44,6963,93],{"class":58},[44,6965,3237],{"class":909},[44,6967,93],{"class":58},[44,6969,1393],{"class":54},[44,6971,472],{"class":62},[44,6973,973],{"class":58},[44,6975,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988,6990],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6977,106],{"class":105},[44,6979,93],{"class":58},[44,6981,3237],{"class":909},[44,6983,93],{"class":58},[44,6985,279],{"class":278},[44,6987,948],{"class":282},[44,6989,279],{"class":278},[44,6991,973],{"class":58},[44,6993,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,6995,106],{"class":105},[44,6997,93],{"class":58},[44,6999,3237],{"class":909},[44,7001,650],{"class":58},[44,7003,63],{"class":62},[44,7005,66],{"class":58},[44,7007,69],{"class":62},[44,7009,66],{"class":58},[44,7011,74],{"class":62},[44,7013,2368],{"class":58},[44,7015,7016,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,7017,106],{"class":105},[44,7019,93],{"class":58},[44,7021,3237],{"class":909},[44,7023,964],{"class":58},[44,7025,63],{"class":62},[44,7027,66],{"class":58},[44,7029,69],{"class":62},[44,7031,2282],{"class":58},[44,7033,7034,7036,7038,7040,7042,7044,7047,7049,7051,7053,7056,7058],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,7035,106],{"class":105},[44,7037,93],{"class":58},[44,7039,3237],{"class":909},[44,7041,4905],{"class":58},[44,7043,279],{"class":278},[44,7045,7046],{"class":282},"name",[44,7048,279],{"class":278},[44,7050,1084],{"class":58},[44,7052,290],{"class":278},[44,7054,7055],{"class":282},"Sam",[44,7057,279],{"class":278},[44,7059,4914],{"class":58},[20,7061,118],{},[35,7063,7065],{"className":37,"code":7064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7066,7067,7071,7075,7079,7083,7087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7068,7069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7070,3350],{"class":871},[44,7072,7073],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7074,3350],{"class":871},[44,7076,7077],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7078,3350],{"class":871},[44,7080,7081],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,7082,3350],{"class":871},[44,7084,7085],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,7086,3350],{"class":871},[44,7088,7089],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,7090,3350],{"class":871},[20,7092,7093],{},"One important example is this:",[35,7095,7097],{"className":37,"code":7096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7098,7099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7102,106],{"class":105},[44,7104,93],{"class":58},[44,7106,3237],{"class":909},[44,7108,93],{"class":58},[44,7110,279],{"class":278},[44,7112,3045],{"class":282},[44,7114,279],{"class":278},[44,7116,973],{"class":58},[20,7118,118],{},[35,7120,7121],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7122,7123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7124,7125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7126,3350],{"class":871},[20,7128,7129,7130,7132,7133,86],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7131,6056],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7134,987],{},[30,7136,7138],{"id":7137},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7140,7141,7142,7144],{},"You can use ",[15,7143,3183],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[693,7146,7148],{"id":7147},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,7150,7152],{"className":37,"code":7151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7153,7154,7176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7155,7156,7158,7160,7162,7164,7166,7169,7171,7174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7157,904],{"class":50},[44,7159,55],{"class":54},[44,7161,2992],{"class":58},[44,7163,931],{"class":62},[44,7165,66],{"class":58},[44,7167,7168],{"class":62}," 20",[44,7170,66],{"class":58},[44,7172,7173],{"class":62}," 30",[44,7175,3005],{"class":58},[44,7177,7178,7180,7182,7184,7186,7188],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7179,106],{"class":105},[44,7181,93],{"class":58},[44,7183,3237],{"class":909},[44,7185,93],{"class":58},[44,7187,922],{"class":89},[44,7189,973],{"class":58},[20,7191,118],{},[35,7193,7194],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7195,7196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7197,7198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7199,3350],{"class":871},[20,7201,7202],{},"With an empty list:",[35,7204,7206],{"className":37,"code":7205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7207,7208,7217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7209,7210,7212,7214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7211,904],{"class":50},[44,7213,55],{"class":54},[44,7215,7216],{"class":58}," []\n",[44,7218,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7220,106],{"class":105},[44,7222,93],{"class":58},[44,7224,3237],{"class":909},[44,7226,93],{"class":58},[44,7228,922],{"class":89},[44,7230,973],{"class":58},[20,7232,118],{},[35,7234,7235],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7236,7237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7238,7239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7240,3411],{"class":871},[693,7242,7244],{"id":7243},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,7246,7248],{"className":37,"code":7247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7249,7250,7260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7251,7252,7255,7257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7253,7254],{"class":50},"name ",[44,7256,55],{"class":54},[44,7258,7259],{"class":278}," \"\"\n",[44,7261,7262,7264,7266,7268,7270,7272],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7263,106],{"class":105},[44,7265,93],{"class":58},[44,7267,3237],{"class":909},[44,7269,93],{"class":58},[44,7271,7046],{"class":89},[44,7273,973],{"class":58},[20,7275,118],{},[35,7277,7278],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7279,7280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7281,7282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7283,3411],{"class":871},[35,7285,7287],{"className":37,"code":7286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7288,7289,7302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7290,7291,7293,7295,7297,7300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7292,7254],{"class":50},[44,7294,55],{"class":54},[44,7296,290],{"class":278},[44,7298,7299],{"class":282},"Mia",[44,7301,2727],{"class":278},[44,7303,7304,7306,7308,7310,7312,7314],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7305,106],{"class":105},[44,7307,93],{"class":58},[44,7309,3237],{"class":909},[44,7311,93],{"class":58},[44,7313,7046],{"class":89},[44,7315,973],{"class":58},[20,7317,118],{},[35,7319,7320],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7321,7322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7323,7324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7325,3350],{"class":871},[693,7327,7329],{"id":7328},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,7331,7333],{"className":37,"code":7332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7334,7335,7349,7366,7370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7336,7337,7340,7342,7344,7347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7338,7339],{"class":50},"username ",[44,7341,55],{"class":54},[44,7343,290],{"class":278},[44,7345,7346],{"class":282},"alex",[44,7348,2727],{"class":278},[44,7350,7351,7354,7356,7359,7361,7364],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7352,7353],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,7355,55],{"class":54},[44,7357,7358],{"class":909}," bool",[44,7360,93],{"class":58},[44,7362,7363],{"class":89},"username",[44,7365,99],{"class":58},[44,7367,7368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7369,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,7371,7372,7374,7376,7379],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,7373,106],{"class":105},[44,7375,93],{"class":58},[44,7377,7378],{"class":89},"has_name",[44,7380,99],{"class":58},[20,7382,118],{},[35,7384,7385],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7386,7387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7388,7389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7390,3350],{"class":871},[20,7392,7393,7394,188,7396,7398],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7395,987],{},[15,7397,3045],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[693,7400,7402],{"id":7401},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7404,7405],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,7407,7409],{"className":37,"code":7408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7410,7411,7431,7435,7443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7412,7413,7415,7417,7419,7421,7423,7425,7427,7429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7414,51],{"class":50},[44,7416,55],{"class":54},[44,7418,2992],{"class":58},[44,7420,63],{"class":62},[44,7422,66],{"class":58},[44,7424,69],{"class":62},[44,7426,66],{"class":58},[44,7428,74],{"class":62},[44,7430,3005],{"class":58},[44,7432,7433],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7434,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,7436,7437,7439,7441],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7438,6374],{"class":3246},[44,7440,3635],{"class":50},[44,7442,5770],{"class":58},[44,7444,7445,7448,7450,7452,7455,7457],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,7446,7447],{"class":105},"    print",[44,7449,93],{"class":58},[44,7451,279],{"class":278},[44,7453,7454],{"class":282},"The list is not empty",[44,7456,279],{"class":278},[44,7458,99],{"class":58},[20,7460,118],{},[35,7462,7464],{"className":37,"code":7463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7465,7466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7467,7468,7470,7472,7475,7478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7469,1351],{"class":50},[44,7471,1097],{"class":909},[44,7473,7474],{"class":54}," is",[44,7476,7477],{"class":54}," not",[44,7479,7480],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,7482,7483,7484,86],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[184,7485,7487],{"href":7486},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,7489,7491],{"id":7490},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7493,7494,7495,7497],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7496,3183],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7499,7500],{},"It does not do that.",[693,7502,7504,727,7507],{"id":7503},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7505,7506],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7508,987],{},[35,7510,7511],{"className":37,"code":7096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7512,7513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7514,7515,7517,7519,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7516,106],{"class":105},[44,7518,93],{"class":58},[44,7520,3237],{"class":909},[44,7522,93],{"class":58},[44,7524,279],{"class":278},[44,7526,3045],{"class":282},[44,7528,279],{"class":278},[44,7530,973],{"class":58},[20,7532,118],{},[35,7534,7535],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7536,7537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7538,7539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7540,3350],{"class":871},[693,7542,7544,727,7547],{"id":7543},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7545,7546],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7548,987],{},[35,7550,7552],{"className":37,"code":7551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7553,7554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7555,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7557,106],{"class":105},[44,7559,93],{"class":58},[44,7561,3237],{"class":909},[44,7563,93],{"class":58},[44,7565,279],{"class":278},[44,7567,1491],{"class":282},[44,7569,279],{"class":278},[44,7571,973],{"class":58},[20,7573,118],{},[35,7575,7576],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7577,7578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7579,7580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7581,3350],{"class":871},[20,7583,7584,7585,86],{},"This happens because both values are ",[116,7586,6924],{},[20,7588,7589,7591],{},[15,7590,3183],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7593,7594,7595,7600,7601,7603],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[184,7596,7598],{"href":7597},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7599,2328],{},", because ",[15,7602,2328],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7605,894],{},[35,7607,7609],{"className":37,"code":7608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7610,7611,7632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7612,7613,7616,7618,7621,7623,7625,7628,7630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7614,7615],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,7617,55],{"class":54},[44,7619,7620],{"class":105}," input",[44,7622,93],{"class":58},[44,7624,279],{"class":278},[44,7626,7627],{"class":282},"Enter True or False: ",[44,7629,279],{"class":278},[44,7631,99],{"class":58},[44,7633,7634,7636,7638,7640,7642,7645],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7635,106],{"class":105},[44,7637,93],{"class":58},[44,7639,3237],{"class":909},[44,7641,93],{"class":58},[44,7643,7644],{"class":89},"user_value",[44,7646,973],{"class":58},[20,7648,7649,7650,7652,7653,7600,7655,7657],{},"If the user types ",[15,7651,3045],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7654,987],{},[15,7656,6056],{}," is not empty.",[30,7659,7661],{"id":7660},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7663,7664,7665,7667,7668,7670],{},"In many ",[15,7666,6374],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7669,3183],{}," yourself.",[20,7672,7673],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7675,7676],{},"Instead of this:",[35,7678,7680],{"className":37,"code":7679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7681,7682,7703,7707,7721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7683,7684,7687,7689,7691,7693,7695,7697,7699,7701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7685,7686],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,7688,55],{"class":54},[44,7690,2992],{"class":58},[44,7692,63],{"class":62},[44,7694,66],{"class":58},[44,7696,69],{"class":62},[44,7698,66],{"class":58},[44,7700,74],{"class":62},[44,7702,3005],{"class":58},[44,7704,7705],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7706,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,7708,7709,7711,7713,7715,7718],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7710,6374],{"class":3246},[44,7712,7358],{"class":909},[44,7714,93],{"class":58},[44,7716,7717],{"class":89},"my_list",[44,7719,7720],{"class":58},"):\n",[44,7722,7723,7725,7727,7729,7732,7734],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,7724,7447],{"class":105},[44,7726,93],{"class":58},[44,7728,279],{"class":278},[44,7730,7731],{"class":282},"List has items",[44,7733,279],{"class":278},[44,7735,99],{"class":58},[20,7737,7738],{},"You can simply write:",[35,7740,7742],{"className":37,"code":7741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7743,7744,7764,7768,7777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7745,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7747,7686],{"class":50},[44,7749,55],{"class":54},[44,7751,2992],{"class":58},[44,7753,63],{"class":62},[44,7755,66],{"class":58},[44,7757,69],{"class":62},[44,7759,66],{"class":58},[44,7761,74],{"class":62},[44,7763,3005],{"class":58},[44,7765,7766],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7767,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,7769,7770,7772,7775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7771,6374],{"class":3246},[44,7773,7774],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,7776,5770],{"class":58},[44,7778,7779,7781,7783,7785,7787,7789],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,7780,7447],{"class":105},[44,7782,93],{"class":58},[44,7784,279],{"class":278},[44,7786,7731],{"class":282},[44,7788,279],{"class":278},[44,7790,99],{"class":58},[20,7792,7793],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7795,1123,7796,7798],{},[15,7797,3183],{}," is still helpful when:",[165,7800,7801,7804,7812],{},[168,7802,7803],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[168,7805,7806,7807,188,7809,7811],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,7808,987],{},[15,7810,3045],{}," value",[168,7813,7814],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,7816,7817,7818,86],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[184,7819,7820],{"href":1672},"Python type() function explained",[30,7822,1113],{"id":1112},[20,7824,7825,7826,86],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,7827,3183],{},[693,7829,1129,7831,7833,7834],{"id":7830},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,7832,7506],{}," to return ",[15,7835,3045],{},[20,7837,7838],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,7840,7841],{"className":37,"code":7096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7842,7843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7844,7845,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855,7857,7859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7846,106],{"class":105},[44,7848,93],{"class":58},[44,7850,3237],{"class":909},[44,7852,93],{"class":58},[44,7854,279],{"class":278},[44,7856,3045],{"class":282},[44,7858,279],{"class":278},[44,7860,973],{"class":58},[20,7862,118],{},[35,7864,7865],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7866,7867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7868,7869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7870,3350],{"class":871},[20,7872,7873,7874,6057],{},"Why? Because ",[15,7875,6056],{},[20,7877,7878],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,7880,7882],{"className":37,"code":7881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,7883,7884,7896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7885,7886,7888,7890,7892,7894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7887,1819],{"class":50},[44,7889,55],{"class":54},[44,7891,290],{"class":278},[44,7893,3045],{"class":282},[44,7895,2727],{"class":278},[44,7897,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7899,106],{"class":105},[44,7901,93],{"class":58},[44,7903,1819],{"class":89},[44,7905,4061],{"class":54},[44,7907,290],{"class":278},[44,7909,987],{"class":282},[44,7911,279],{"class":278},[44,7913,99],{"class":58},[20,7915,118],{},[35,7917,7918],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7919,7920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7921,7922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7923,3411],{"class":871},[693,7925,7927],{"id":7926},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,7929,7930,7932],{},[15,7931,2328],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,7934,7936],{"className":37,"code":7935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,7937,7938,7957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7939,7940,7942,7944,7946,7948,7950,7953,7955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7941,1819],{"class":50},[44,7943,55],{"class":54},[44,7945,7620],{"class":105},[44,7947,93],{"class":58},[44,7949,279],{"class":278},[44,7951,7952],{"class":282},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,7954,279],{"class":278},[44,7956,99],{"class":58},[44,7958,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,7960,106],{"class":105},[44,7962,93],{"class":58},[44,7964,3237],{"class":909},[44,7966,93],{"class":58},[44,7968,1188],{"class":89},[44,7970,973],{"class":58},[20,7972,7649,7973,7976,7977,7979,7980,7657],{},[15,7974,7975],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,7978,987],{}," because ",[15,7981,7982],{},"\"no\"",[20,7984,7985],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,7987,7989],{"className":37,"code":7988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,7990,7991,8021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7992,7993,7995,7997,7999,8001,8003,8005,8007,8010,8013,8016,8019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7994,1819],{"class":50},[44,7996,55],{"class":54},[44,7998,7620],{"class":105},[44,8000,93],{"class":58},[44,8002,279],{"class":278},[44,8004,7952],{"class":282},[44,8006,279],{"class":278},[44,8008,8009],{"class":58},").",[44,8011,8012],{"class":89},"strip",[44,8014,8015],{"class":58},"().",[44,8017,8018],{"class":89},"lower",[44,8020,913],{"class":58},[44,8022,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031,8033,8036,8038],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8024,106],{"class":105},[44,8026,93],{"class":58},[44,8028,1819],{"class":89},[44,8030,4061],{"class":54},[44,8032,290],{"class":278},[44,8034,8035],{"class":282},"yes",[44,8037,279],{"class":278},[44,8039,99],{"class":58},[20,8041,8042,8043,8045,8046,86],{},"This gives ",[15,8044,987],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8047,8035],{},[693,8049,8051],{"id":8050},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8053,8054],{},"These are different:",[165,8056,8057,8061,8065,8069,8073],{},[168,8058,8059],{},[15,8060,3045],{},[168,8062,8063],{},[15,8064,1491],{},[168,8066,8067],{},[15,8068,5649],{},[168,8070,8071],{},[15,8072,3157],{},[168,8074,8075],{},[15,8076,730],{},[20,8078,8079,8080,8082,8083,8085],{},"They all become ",[15,8081,3045],{}," with ",[15,8084,3183],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8087,8088],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,8090,8092],{"className":37,"code":8091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8093,8094,8102,8116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8095,8096,8098,8100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8097,1819],{"class":50},[44,8099,55],{"class":54},[44,8101,7216],{"class":58},[44,8103,8104,8106,8108,8110,8112,8114],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8105,106],{"class":105},[44,8107,93],{"class":58},[44,8109,1090],{"class":909},[44,8111,93],{"class":58},[44,8113,1188],{"class":89},[44,8115,973],{"class":58},[44,8117,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8119,106],{"class":105},[44,8121,93],{"class":58},[44,8123,3237],{"class":909},[44,8125,93],{"class":58},[44,8127,1188],{"class":89},[44,8129,973],{"class":58},[20,8131,118],{},[35,8133,8135],{"className":37,"code":8134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8136,8137,8151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8138,8139,8141,8143,8145,8147,8149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8140,2659],{"class":54},[44,8142,2662],{"class":1436},[44,8144,360],{"class":278},[44,8146,1097],{"class":282},[44,8148,351],{"class":278},[44,8150,2671],{"class":54},[44,8152,8153],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8154,3411],{"class":871},[693,8156,1123,8158,8160],{"id":8157},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8159,3162],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8162,8163,8164,8166],{},"In Python, ",[15,8165,3162],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,8168,8170],{"className":37,"code":8169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8171,8172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8173,8174,8176,8178,8180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8175,106],{"class":105},[44,8177,93],{"class":58},[44,8179,1090],{"class":909},[44,8181,6835],{"class":58},[20,8183,118],{},[35,8185,8187],{"className":37,"code":8186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8188,8189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8190,8191,8193,8195,8197,8200,8202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8192,2659],{"class":54},[44,8194,2662],{"class":1436},[44,8196,360],{"class":278},[44,8198,8199],{"class":282},"dict",[44,8201,351],{"class":278},[44,8203,2671],{"class":54},[20,8205,8206],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,8208,8210],{"className":37,"code":8209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8211,8212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8213,8214,8216,8218,8220,8222,8224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8215,106],{"class":105},[44,8217,93],{"class":58},[44,8219,1090],{"class":909},[44,8221,93],{"class":58},[44,8223,1214],{"class":909},[44,8225,5666],{"class":58},[20,8227,118],{},[35,8229,8231],{"className":37,"code":8230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8232,8233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8234,8235,8237,8239,8241,8243,8245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8236,2659],{"class":54},[44,8238,2662],{"class":1436},[44,8240,360],{"class":278},[44,8242,1214],{"class":282},[44,8244,351],{"class":278},[44,8246,2671],{"class":54},[30,8248,8250],{"id":8249},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8252,8253,8254,8256],{},"If ",[15,8255,3183],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,8258,8260],{"className":37,"code":8259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8261,8262,8276,8290,8300,8318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8263,8264,8266,8268,8270,8272,8274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8265,106],{"class":105},[44,8267,93],{"class":58},[44,8269,3237],{"class":909},[44,8271,93],{"class":58},[44,8273,1188],{"class":89},[44,8275,973],{"class":58},[44,8277,8278,8280,8282,8284,8286,8288],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8279,106],{"class":105},[44,8281,93],{"class":58},[44,8283,1090],{"class":909},[44,8285,93],{"class":58},[44,8287,1188],{"class":89},[44,8289,973],{"class":58},[44,8291,8292,8294,8296,8298],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8293,106],{"class":105},[44,8295,93],{"class":58},[44,8297,1188],{"class":89},[44,8299,99],{"class":58},[44,8301,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312,8314,8316],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,8303,106],{"class":105},[44,8305,93],{"class":58},[44,8307,1819],{"class":89},[44,8309,4061],{"class":54},[44,8311,290],{"class":278},[44,8313,987],{"class":282},[44,8315,279],{"class":278},[44,8317,99],{"class":58},[44,8319,8320,8322,8324,8326,8328,8330,8332,8334],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,8321,106],{"class":105},[44,8323,93],{"class":58},[44,8325,1188],{"class":89},[44,8327,86],{"class":58},[44,8329,8012],{"class":89},[44,8331,8015],{"class":58},[44,8333,8018],{"class":89},[44,8335,6571],{"class":58},[20,8337,8338],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[165,8340,8341,8344,8347,8350],{},[168,8342,8343],{},"what the value really is",[168,8345,8346],{},"whether it is a string",[168,8348,8349],{},"whether it contains spaces",[168,8351,8352],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8354,8355,8356,86],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[184,8357,8359],{"href":8358},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,8361,1235],{"id":1234},[693,8363,8365],{"id":8364},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8367,8368,8369,188,8371,86],{},"It returns either ",[15,8370,987],{},[15,8372,3045],{},[693,8374,8376],{"id":8375},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8378,4522,8379,86],{},[15,8380,3045],{},[693,8382,8384],{"id":8383},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8386,8387,8388,86],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8389,987],{},[693,8391,8393],{"id":8392},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8395,8396,8397,86],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8398,3045],{},[693,8400,8402],{"id":8401},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8404,8405,8406,188,8408,3108],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8407,987],{},[15,8409,3045],{},[30,8411,1279],{"id":1278},[165,8413,8414,8419,8423,8428,8432,8437],{},[168,8415,8416],{},[184,8417,8418],{"href":5153},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[168,8420,8421],{},[184,8422,7487],{"href":7486},[168,8424,8425],{},[184,8426,8427],{"href":7597},"Python input() function explained",[168,8429,8430],{},[184,8431,7820],{"href":1672},[168,8433,8434],{},[184,8435,8436],{"href":8358},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[168,8438,8439],{},[184,8440,8441],{"href":6587},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1304,8443,8444],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":8446},[8447,8448,8449,8450,8451,8452,8458,8464,8465,8473,8474,8481],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":6524,"depth":80,"text":6525},{"id":6591,"depth":80,"text":6592},{"id":6710,"depth":80,"text":6711},{"id":6905,"depth":80,"text":6906},{"id":7137,"depth":80,"text":7138,"children":8453},[8454,8455,8456,8457],{"id":7147,"depth":102,"text":7148},{"id":7243,"depth":102,"text":7244},{"id":7328,"depth":102,"text":7329},{"id":7401,"depth":102,"text":7402},{"id":7490,"depth":80,"text":7491,"children":8459},[8460,8462],{"id":7503,"depth":102,"text":8461},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7543,"depth":102,"text":8463},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7660,"depth":80,"text":7661},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":8466},[8467,8469,8470,8471],{"id":7830,"depth":102,"text":8468},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":7926,"depth":102,"text":7927},{"id":8050,"depth":102,"text":8051},{"id":8157,"depth":102,"text":8472},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8249,"depth":80,"text":8250},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":8475},[8476,8477,8478,8479,8480],{"id":8364,"depth":102,"text":8365},{"id":8375,"depth":102,"text":8376},{"id":8383,"depth":102,"text":8384},{"id":8392,"depth":102,"text":8393},{"id":8401,"depth":102,"text":8402},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6351,"description":8482},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8489,"title":8490,"body":8491,"description":10680,"extension":1334,"meta":10681,"navigation":322,"path":10682,"seo":10683,"stem":10684,"__hash__":10685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8492,"toc":10642},[8493,8499,8505,8512,8517,8528,8535,8644,8648,8715,8720,8725,8730,8733,8744,8749,8752,8763,8770,8772,8777,8781,8806,8810,8819,8823,8886,8890,8923,8927,8972,8976,9013,9017,9020,9076,9080,9125,9128,9133,9172,9176,9199,9202,9216,9229,9233,9238,9305,9309,9345,9348,9356,9359,9423,9427,9459,9465,9467,9527,9534,9537,9615,9619,9652,9656,9659,9703,9707,9743,9746,9763,9766,9769,9822,9825,9836,9843,9852,9855,9912,9916,9957,9964,9972,9978,9986,9998,10003,10014,10087,10090,10102,10117,10121,10126,10130,10132,10175,10181,10184,10247,10251,10254,10263,10268,10305,10309,10312,10320,10323,10362,10366,10369,10420,10424,10445,10452,10454,10460,10486,10489,10544,10547,10558,10560,10567,10575,10581,10586,10593,10596,10603,10610,10612,10639],[10,8494,2945,8496,2949],{"id":8495},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8497,8498],{},"dict()",[20,8500,8501,8502,8504],{},"The built-in ",[15,8503,8498],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8506,8507,8508,8511],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[116,8509,8510],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8513,8514,8516],{},[15,8515,8498],{}," is commonly used to:",[165,8518,8519,8522,8525],{},[168,8520,8521],{},"create an empty dictionary",[168,8523,8524],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[168,8526,8527],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8529,8530,8531,86],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[184,8532,8534],{"href":8533},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,8536,8538],{"className":37,"code":8537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8539,8540,8575,8586,8590,8629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8541,8542,8545,8547,8550,8552,8555,8557,8559,8561,8563,8565,8568,8570,8573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8543,8544],{"class":50},"data ",[44,8546,55],{"class":54},[44,8548,8549],{"class":909}," dict",[44,8551,93],{"class":58},[44,8553,7046],{"class":8554},"s99_P",[44,8556,55],{"class":54},[44,8558,351],{"class":278},[44,8560,4377],{"class":282},[44,8562,351],{"class":278},[44,8564,66],{"class":58},[44,8566,8567],{"class":8554}," age",[44,8569,55],{"class":54},[44,8571,8572],{"class":62},"25",[44,8574,99],{"class":58},[44,8576,8577,8579,8581,8584],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8578,106],{"class":105},[44,8580,93],{"class":58},[44,8582,8583],{"class":89},"data",[44,8585,99],{"class":58},[44,8587,8588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8589,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,8591,8592,8595,8597,8600,8602,8604,8606,8608,8610,8613,8616,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,8593,8594],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,8596,55],{"class":54},[44,8598,8599],{"class":58}," [(",[44,8601,351],{"class":278},[44,8603,184],{"class":282},[44,8605,351],{"class":278},[44,8607,66],{"class":58},[44,8609,4874],{"class":62},[44,8611,8612],{"class":58},"),",[44,8614,8615],{"class":58}," (",[44,8617,351],{"class":278},[44,8619,563],{"class":282},[44,8621,351],{"class":278},[44,8623,66],{"class":58},[44,8625,69],{"class":62},[44,8627,8628],{"class":58},")]\n",[44,8630,8631,8633,8635,8637,8639,8642],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,8632,106],{"class":105},[44,8634,93],{"class":58},[44,8636,8199],{"class":909},[44,8638,93],{"class":58},[44,8640,8641],{"class":89},"pairs",[44,8643,973],{"class":58},[20,8645,8646],{},[116,8647,118],{},[35,8649,8651],{"className":37,"code":8650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8652,8653,8687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8654,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669,8671,8673,8675,8678,8680,8682,8685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8656,128],{"class":58},[44,8658,351],{"class":278},[44,8660,7046],{"class":282},[44,8662,351],{"class":278},[44,8664,1084],{"class":58},[44,8666,360],{"class":278},[44,8668,4377],{"class":282},[44,8670,351],{"class":278},[44,8672,66],{"class":58},[44,8674,360],{"class":278},[44,8676,8677],{"class":282},"age",[44,8679,351],{"class":278},[44,8681,1084],{"class":58},[44,8683,8684],{"class":62}," 25",[44,8686,77],{"class":58},[44,8688,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8690,128],{"class":58},[44,8692,351],{"class":278},[44,8694,184],{"class":282},[44,8696,351],{"class":278},[44,8698,1084],{"class":58},[44,8700,4874],{"class":62},[44,8702,66],{"class":58},[44,8704,360],{"class":278},[44,8706,563],{"class":282},[44,8708,351],{"class":278},[44,8710,1084],{"class":58},[44,8712,69],{"class":62},[44,8714,77],{"class":58},[20,8716,148,8717,8719],{},[15,8718,8498],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,8721,155,8723,158],{"id":8722},"what-dict-does",[15,8724,8498],{},[20,8726,8727,8729],{},[15,8728,8498],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8731,8732],{},"A dictionary:",[165,8734,8735,8738,8741],{},[168,8736,8737],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[168,8739,8740],{},"lets you look up values by key",[168,8742,8743],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8745,8746,8748],{},[15,8747,8498],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8750,8751],{},"Common uses include:",[165,8753,8754,8757,8760],{},[168,8755,8756],{},"making an empty dictionary",[168,8758,8759],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[168,8761,8762],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8764,8765,8766,86],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[184,8767,8769],{"href":8768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[30,8771,196],{"id":195},[20,8773,8774,8776],{},[15,8775,8498],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[693,8778,8780],{"id":8779},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,8782,8784],{"className":37,"code":8783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8785,8786,8796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8787,8788,8790,8792,8794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8789,8544],{"class":50},[44,8791,55],{"class":54},[44,8793,8549],{"class":909},[44,8795,913],{"class":58},[44,8797,8798,8800,8802,8804],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8799,106],{"class":105},[44,8801,93],{"class":58},[44,8803,8583],{"class":89},[44,8805,99],{"class":58},[20,8807,8808],{},[116,8809,118],{},[35,8811,8813],{"className":37,"code":8812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,8814,8815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8816,8817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8818,8812],{"class":58},[693,8820,8822],{"id":8821},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,8824,8826],{"className":37,"code":8825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8827,8828,8862,8876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8829,8830,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844,8846,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858,8860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8831,8594],{"class":50},[44,8833,55],{"class":54},[44,8835,8599],{"class":58},[44,8837,351],{"class":278},[44,8839,184],{"class":282},[44,8841,351],{"class":278},[44,8843,66],{"class":58},[44,8845,4874],{"class":62},[44,8847,8612],{"class":58},[44,8849,8615],{"class":58},[44,8851,351],{"class":278},[44,8853,563],{"class":282},[44,8855,351],{"class":278},[44,8857,66],{"class":58},[44,8859,69],{"class":62},[44,8861,8628],{"class":58},[44,8863,8864,8866,8868,8870,8872,8874],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8865,8544],{"class":50},[44,8867,55],{"class":54},[44,8869,8549],{"class":909},[44,8871,93],{"class":58},[44,8873,8641],{"class":89},[44,8875,99],{"class":58},[44,8877,8878,8880,8882,8884],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8879,106],{"class":105},[44,8881,93],{"class":58},[44,8883,8583],{"class":89},[44,8885,99],{"class":58},[20,8887,8888],{},[116,8889,118],{},[35,8891,8893],{"className":37,"code":8892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8894,8895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8896,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907,8909,8911,8913,8915,8917,8919,8921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8898,128],{"class":58},[44,8900,351],{"class":278},[44,8902,184],{"class":282},[44,8904,351],{"class":278},[44,8906,1084],{"class":58},[44,8908,4874],{"class":62},[44,8910,66],{"class":58},[44,8912,360],{"class":278},[44,8914,563],{"class":282},[44,8916,351],{"class":278},[44,8918,1084],{"class":58},[44,8920,69],{"class":62},[44,8922,77],{"class":58},[693,8924,8926],{"id":8925},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,8928,8930],{"className":37,"code":8929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8931,8932,8962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8933,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946,8948,8950,8952,8954,8956,8958,8960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8935,8544],{"class":50},[44,8937,55],{"class":54},[44,8939,8549],{"class":909},[44,8941,93],{"class":58},[44,8943,7046],{"class":8554},[44,8945,55],{"class":54},[44,8947,351],{"class":278},[44,8949,4377],{"class":282},[44,8951,351],{"class":278},[44,8953,66],{"class":58},[44,8955,8567],{"class":8554},[44,8957,55],{"class":54},[44,8959,8572],{"class":62},[44,8961,99],{"class":58},[44,8963,8964,8966,8968,8970],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,8965,106],{"class":105},[44,8967,93],{"class":58},[44,8969,8583],{"class":89},[44,8971,99],{"class":58},[20,8973,8974],{},[116,8975,118],{},[35,8977,8979],{"className":37,"code":8978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,8980,8981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8982,8983,8985,8987,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997,8999,9001,9003,9005,9007,9009,9011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8984,128],{"class":58},[44,8986,351],{"class":278},[44,8988,7046],{"class":282},[44,8990,351],{"class":278},[44,8992,1084],{"class":58},[44,8994,360],{"class":278},[44,8996,4377],{"class":282},[44,8998,351],{"class":278},[44,9000,66],{"class":58},[44,9002,360],{"class":278},[44,9004,8677],{"class":282},[44,9006,351],{"class":278},[44,9008,1084],{"class":58},[44,9010,8684],{"class":62},[44,9012,77],{"class":58},[693,9014,9016],{"id":9015},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9018,9019],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,9021,9023],{"className":37,"code":9022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9024,9025,9066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9026,9027,9029,9031,9033,9036,9038,9040,9042,9044,9046,9049,9051,9053,9055,9057,9060,9062,9064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9028,8544],{"class":50},[44,9030,55],{"class":54},[44,9032,8549],{"class":909},[44,9034,9035],{"class":58},"([(",[44,9037,351],{"class":278},[44,9039,184],{"class":282},[44,9041,351],{"class":278},[44,9043,66],{"class":58},[44,9045,4874],{"class":62},[44,9047,9048],{"class":58},")],",[44,9050,1930],{"class":8554},[44,9052,55],{"class":54},[44,9054,472],{"class":62},[44,9056,66],{"class":58},[44,9058,9059],{"class":8554}," c",[44,9061,55],{"class":54},[44,9063,1433],{"class":62},[44,9065,99],{"class":58},[44,9067,9068,9070,9072,9074],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9069,106],{"class":105},[44,9071,93],{"class":58},[44,9073,8583],{"class":89},[44,9075,99],{"class":58},[20,9077,9078],{},[116,9079,118],{},[35,9081,9083],{"className":37,"code":9082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9084,9085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9086,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121,9123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9088,128],{"class":58},[44,9090,351],{"class":278},[44,9092,184],{"class":282},[44,9094,351],{"class":278},[44,9096,1084],{"class":58},[44,9098,4874],{"class":62},[44,9100,66],{"class":58},[44,9102,360],{"class":278},[44,9104,563],{"class":282},[44,9106,351],{"class":278},[44,9108,1084],{"class":58},[44,9110,69],{"class":62},[44,9112,66],{"class":58},[44,9114,360],{"class":278},[44,9116,583],{"class":282},[44,9118,351],{"class":278},[44,9120,1084],{"class":58},[44,9122,74],{"class":62},[44,9124,77],{"class":58},[30,9126,8780],{"id":9127},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9129,148,9130,9132],{},[15,9131,8498],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,9134,9136],{"className":37,"code":9135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9137,9138,9148,9162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9139,9140,9142,9144,9146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9141,8544],{"class":50},[44,9143,55],{"class":54},[44,9145,8549],{"class":909},[44,9147,913],{"class":58},[44,9149,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9151,106],{"class":105},[44,9153,93],{"class":58},[44,9155,1090],{"class":909},[44,9157,93],{"class":58},[44,9159,8583],{"class":89},[44,9161,973],{"class":58},[44,9163,9164,9166,9168,9170],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9165,106],{"class":105},[44,9167,93],{"class":58},[44,9169,8583],{"class":89},[44,9171,99],{"class":58},[20,9173,9174],{},[116,9175,118],{},[35,9177,9179],{"className":37,"code":9178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9180,9181,9195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9182,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9184,2659],{"class":54},[44,9186,2662],{"class":1436},[44,9188,360],{"class":278},[44,9190,8199],{"class":282},[44,9192,351],{"class":278},[44,9194,2671],{"class":54},[44,9196,9197],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9198,8812],{"class":58},[20,9200,9201],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,9203,9205],{"className":37,"code":9204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,9206,9207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9208,9209,9211,9213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9210,8544],{"class":50},[44,9212,55],{"class":54},[44,9214,9215],{"class":58}," {}\n",[20,9217,9218,9219,9221,9222,9225,9226,9228],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9220,3162],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9223,9224],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9227,8498],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,9230,9232],{"id":9231},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9234,9235,9236,86],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9237,8498],{},[35,9239,9241],{"className":37,"code":9240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9242,9243,9281,9295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9244,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9246,8594],{"class":50},[44,9248,55],{"class":54},[44,9250,8599],{"class":58},[44,9252,351],{"class":278},[44,9254,7046],{"class":282},[44,9256,351],{"class":278},[44,9258,66],{"class":58},[44,9260,360],{"class":278},[44,9262,4377],{"class":282},[44,9264,351],{"class":278},[44,9266,8612],{"class":58},[44,9268,8615],{"class":58},[44,9270,351],{"class":278},[44,9272,8677],{"class":282},[44,9274,351],{"class":278},[44,9276,66],{"class":58},[44,9278,8684],{"class":62},[44,9280,8628],{"class":58},[44,9282,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9284,8544],{"class":50},[44,9286,55],{"class":54},[44,9288,8549],{"class":909},[44,9290,93],{"class":58},[44,9292,8641],{"class":89},[44,9294,99],{"class":58},[44,9296,9297,9299,9301,9303],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9298,106],{"class":105},[44,9300,93],{"class":58},[44,9302,8583],{"class":89},[44,9304,99],{"class":58},[20,9306,9307],{},[116,9308,118],{},[35,9310,9311],{"className":37,"code":8978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9312,9313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9314,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333,9335,9337,9339,9341,9343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9316,128],{"class":58},[44,9318,351],{"class":278},[44,9320,7046],{"class":282},[44,9322,351],{"class":278},[44,9324,1084],{"class":58},[44,9326,360],{"class":278},[44,9328,4377],{"class":282},[44,9330,351],{"class":278},[44,9332,66],{"class":58},[44,9334,360],{"class":278},[44,9336,8677],{"class":282},[44,9338,351],{"class":278},[44,9340,1084],{"class":58},[44,9342,8684],{"class":62},[44,9344,77],{"class":58},[20,9346,9347],{},"Each pair becomes:",[165,9349,9350,9353],{},[168,9351,9352],{},"the first item as the key",[168,9354,9355],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9357,9358],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,9360,9362],{"className":37,"code":9361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9363,9364,9399,9413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9365,9366,9368,9370,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385,9387,9389,9391,9393,9395,9397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9367,8594],{"class":50},[44,9369,55],{"class":54},[44,9371,9372],{"class":58}," ((",[44,9374,351],{"class":278},[44,9376,184],{"class":282},[44,9378,351],{"class":278},[44,9380,66],{"class":58},[44,9382,4874],{"class":62},[44,9384,8612],{"class":58},[44,9386,8615],{"class":58},[44,9388,351],{"class":278},[44,9390,563],{"class":282},[44,9392,351],{"class":278},[44,9394,66],{"class":58},[44,9396,69],{"class":62},[44,9398,973],{"class":58},[44,9400,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9402,8544],{"class":50},[44,9404,55],{"class":54},[44,9406,8549],{"class":909},[44,9408,93],{"class":58},[44,9410,8641],{"class":89},[44,9412,99],{"class":58},[44,9414,9415,9417,9419,9421],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9416,106],{"class":105},[44,9418,93],{"class":58},[44,9420,8583],{"class":89},[44,9422,99],{"class":58},[20,9424,9425],{},[116,9426,118],{},[35,9428,9429],{"className":37,"code":8892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9430,9431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9432,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453,9455,9457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9434,128],{"class":58},[44,9436,351],{"class":278},[44,9438,184],{"class":282},[44,9440,351],{"class":278},[44,9442,1084],{"class":58},[44,9444,4874],{"class":62},[44,9446,66],{"class":58},[44,9448,360],{"class":278},[44,9450,563],{"class":282},[44,9452,351],{"class":278},[44,9454,1084],{"class":58},[44,9456,69],{"class":62},[44,9458,77],{"class":58},[20,9460,9461,9462,86],{},"Each item must contain ",[116,9463,9464],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9466,2207],{},[35,9468,9470],{"className":37,"code":9469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9471,9472,9512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9473,9474,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9475,9476],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,9478,55],{"class":54},[44,9480,8599],{"class":58},[44,9482,351],{"class":278},[44,9484,184],{"class":282},[44,9486,351],{"class":278},[44,9488,66],{"class":58},[44,9490,4874],{"class":62},[44,9492,66],{"class":58},[44,9494,9495],{"class":62}," 100",[44,9497,8612],{"class":58},[44,9499,8615],{"class":58},[44,9501,351],{"class":278},[44,9503,563],{"class":282},[44,9505,351],{"class":278},[44,9507,66],{"class":58},[44,9509,69],{"class":62},[44,9511,8628],{"class":58},[44,9513,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522,9525],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9515,1602],{"class":50},[44,9517,55],{"class":54},[44,9519,8549],{"class":909},[44,9521,93],{"class":58},[44,9523,9524],{"class":89},"bad_data",[44,9526,99],{"class":58},[20,9528,9529,9530,9533],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9531,9532],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9535,9536],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,9538,9540],{"className":37,"code":9539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9541,9542,9591,9605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9543,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564,9566,9568,9570,9572,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9545,8594],{"class":50},[44,9547,55],{"class":54},[44,9549,8599],{"class":58},[44,9551,351],{"class":278},[44,9553,184],{"class":282},[44,9555,351],{"class":278},[44,9557,66],{"class":58},[44,9559,4874],{"class":62},[44,9561,8612],{"class":58},[44,9563,8615],{"class":58},[44,9565,351],{"class":278},[44,9567,184],{"class":282},[44,9569,351],{"class":278},[44,9571,66],{"class":58},[44,9573,9574],{"class":62}," 99",[44,9576,8612],{"class":58},[44,9578,8615],{"class":58},[44,9580,351],{"class":278},[44,9582,563],{"class":282},[44,9584,351],{"class":278},[44,9586,66],{"class":58},[44,9588,69],{"class":62},[44,9590,8628],{"class":58},[44,9592,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9594,8544],{"class":50},[44,9596,55],{"class":54},[44,9598,8549],{"class":909},[44,9600,93],{"class":58},[44,9602,8641],{"class":89},[44,9604,99],{"class":58},[44,9606,9607,9609,9611,9613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9608,106],{"class":105},[44,9610,93],{"class":58},[44,9612,8583],{"class":89},[44,9614,99],{"class":58},[20,9616,9617],{},[116,9618,118],{},[35,9620,9622],{"className":37,"code":9621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9623,9624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9625,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9627,128],{"class":58},[44,9629,351],{"class":278},[44,9631,184],{"class":282},[44,9633,351],{"class":278},[44,9635,1084],{"class":58},[44,9637,9574],{"class":62},[44,9639,66],{"class":58},[44,9641,360],{"class":278},[44,9643,563],{"class":282},[44,9645,351],{"class":278},[44,9647,1084],{"class":58},[44,9649,69],{"class":62},[44,9651,77],{"class":58},[30,9653,9655],{"id":9654},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9657,9658],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,9660,9661],{"className":37,"code":8929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9662,9663,9693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9664,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9666,8544],{"class":50},[44,9668,55],{"class":54},[44,9670,8549],{"class":909},[44,9672,93],{"class":58},[44,9674,7046],{"class":8554},[44,9676,55],{"class":54},[44,9678,351],{"class":278},[44,9680,4377],{"class":282},[44,9682,351],{"class":278},[44,9684,66],{"class":58},[44,9686,8567],{"class":8554},[44,9688,55],{"class":54},[44,9690,8572],{"class":62},[44,9692,99],{"class":58},[44,9694,9695,9697,9699,9701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9696,106],{"class":105},[44,9698,93],{"class":58},[44,9700,8583],{"class":89},[44,9702,99],{"class":58},[20,9704,9705],{},[116,9706,118],{},[35,9708,9709],{"className":37,"code":8978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9710,9711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9712,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9714,128],{"class":58},[44,9716,351],{"class":278},[44,9718,7046],{"class":282},[44,9720,351],{"class":278},[44,9722,1084],{"class":58},[44,9724,360],{"class":278},[44,9726,4377],{"class":282},[44,9728,351],{"class":278},[44,9730,66],{"class":58},[44,9732,360],{"class":278},[44,9734,8677],{"class":282},[44,9736,351],{"class":278},[44,9738,1084],{"class":58},[44,9740,8684],{"class":62},[44,9742,77],{"class":58},[20,9744,9745],{},"In this form:",[165,9747,9748,9756],{},[168,9749,9750,9752,9753],{},[15,9751,7046],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9754,9755],{},"'name'",[168,9757,9758,9752,9760],{},[15,9759,8677],{},[15,9761,9762],{},"'age'",[20,9764,9765],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9767,9768],{},"Valid examples:",[35,9770,9772],{"className":37,"code":9771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9773,9774,9812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9775,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9787,9789,9791,9794,9796,9798,9801,9803,9805,9808,9810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9777,8544],{"class":50},[44,9779,55],{"class":54},[44,9781,8549],{"class":909},[44,9783,93],{"class":58},[44,9785,9786],{"class":8554},"city",[44,9788,55],{"class":54},[44,9790,351],{"class":278},[44,9792,9793],{"class":282},"Paris",[44,9795,351],{"class":278},[44,9797,66],{"class":58},[44,9799,9800],{"class":8554}," country",[44,9802,55],{"class":54},[44,9804,351],{"class":278},[44,9806,9807],{"class":282},"France",[44,9809,351],{"class":278},[44,9811,99],{"class":58},[44,9813,9814,9816,9818,9820],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9815,106],{"class":105},[44,9817,93],{"class":58},[44,9819,8583],{"class":89},[44,9821,99],{"class":58},[20,9823,9824],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[165,9826,9827,9830,9833],{},[168,9828,9829],{},"spaces",[168,9831,9832],{},"hyphens",[168,9834,9835],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,9837,9838,9839,9842],{},"For example, this is ",[116,9840,9841],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,9844,9846],{"className":37,"code":9845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,9847,9848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9849,9850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9851,9845],{"class":3034},[20,9853,9854],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,9856,9858],{"className":37,"code":9857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,9859,9860,9902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9861,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9863,8544],{"class":50},[44,9865,55],{"class":54},[44,9867,59],{"class":58},[44,9869,351],{"class":278},[44,9871,9872],{"class":282},"first-name",[44,9874,351],{"class":278},[44,9876,1084],{"class":58},[44,9878,360],{"class":278},[44,9880,7055],{"class":282},[44,9882,351],{"class":278},[44,9884,66],{"class":58},[44,9886,360],{"class":278},[44,9888,9889],{"class":282},"first name",[44,9891,351],{"class":278},[44,9893,1084],{"class":58},[44,9895,360],{"class":278},[44,9897,7055],{"class":282},[44,9899,351],{"class":278},[44,9901,77],{"class":58},[44,9903,9904,9906,9908,9910],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,9905,106],{"class":105},[44,9907,93],{"class":58},[44,9909,8583],{"class":89},[44,9911,99],{"class":58},[20,9913,9914],{},[116,9915,118],{},[35,9917,9919],{"className":37,"code":9918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,9920,9921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9922,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9924,128],{"class":58},[44,9926,351],{"class":278},[44,9928,9872],{"class":282},[44,9930,351],{"class":278},[44,9932,1084],{"class":58},[44,9934,360],{"class":278},[44,9936,7055],{"class":282},[44,9938,351],{"class":278},[44,9940,66],{"class":58},[44,9942,360],{"class":278},[44,9944,9889],{"class":282},[44,9946,351],{"class":278},[44,9948,1084],{"class":58},[44,9950,360],{"class":278},[44,9952,7055],{"class":282},[44,9954,351],{"class":278},[44,9956,77],{"class":58},[30,9958,9960,525,9962],{"id":9959},"dict-vs",[15,9961,8498],{},[15,9963,3162],{},[20,9965,9966,9967,3766,9969,9971],{},"Both ",[15,9968,8498],{},[15,9970,3162],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[693,9973,148,9975,9977],{"id":9974},"use-when",[15,9976,3162],{}," when:",[165,9979,9980,9983],{},[168,9981,9982],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[168,9984,9985],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,9987,9988],{"className":37,"code":9204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9989,9990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9991,9992,9994,9996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9993,8544],{"class":50},[44,9995,55],{"class":54},[44,9997,9215],{"class":58},[693,9999,148,10001,9977],{"id":10000},"use-dict-when",[15,10002,8498],{},[165,10004,10005,10008,10011],{},[168,10006,10007],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[168,10009,10010],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[168,10012,10013],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,10015,10017],{"className":37,"code":10016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10018,10019,10056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10020,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051,10053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10022,8544],{"class":50},[44,10024,55],{"class":54},[44,10026,8549],{"class":909},[44,10028,9035],{"class":58},[44,10030,351],{"class":278},[44,10032,184],{"class":282},[44,10034,351],{"class":278},[44,10036,66],{"class":58},[44,10038,4874],{"class":62},[44,10040,8612],{"class":58},[44,10042,8615],{"class":58},[44,10044,351],{"class":278},[44,10046,563],{"class":282},[44,10048,351],{"class":278},[44,10050,66],{"class":58},[44,10052,69],{"class":62},[44,10054,10055],{"class":58},")])\n",[44,10057,10058,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10059,10060],{"class":50},"info ",[44,10062,55],{"class":54},[44,10064,8549],{"class":909},[44,10066,93],{"class":58},[44,10068,7046],{"class":8554},[44,10070,55],{"class":54},[44,10072,351],{"class":278},[44,10074,4377],{"class":282},[44,10076,351],{"class":278},[44,10078,66],{"class":58},[44,10080,8567],{"class":8554},[44,10082,55],{"class":54},[44,10084,8572],{"class":62},[44,10086,99],{"class":58},[20,10088,10089],{},"So:",[165,10091,10092,10097],{},[168,10093,10094,10096],{},[15,10095,3162],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[168,10098,10099,10101],{},[15,10100,8498],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10103,10104,10105,10109,10110,86],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[184,10106,10108],{"href":10107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[184,10111,10113,10114,718],{"href":10112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10115,10116],{},"get()",[30,10118,10120],{"id":10119},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10122,10123,10124,86],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10125,8498],{},[693,10127,10129],{"id":10128},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10131,3899],{},[35,10133,10135],{"className":37,"code":10134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10136,10137,10161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10138,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10140,904],{"class":50},[44,10142,55],{"class":54},[44,10144,2992],{"class":58},[44,10146,351],{"class":278},[44,10148,184],{"class":282},[44,10150,351],{"class":278},[44,10152,66],{"class":58},[44,10154,360],{"class":278},[44,10156,563],{"class":282},[44,10158,351],{"class":278},[44,10160,3005],{"class":58},[44,10162,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10164,8544],{"class":50},[44,10166,55],{"class":54},[44,10168,8549],{"class":909},[44,10170,93],{"class":58},[44,10172,922],{"class":89},[44,10174,99],{"class":58},[20,10176,10177,10178,86],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10179,10180],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10182,10183],{},"Correct version:",[35,10185,10187],{"className":37,"code":10186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10188,10189,10223,10237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10190,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10192,904],{"class":50},[44,10194,55],{"class":54},[44,10196,8599],{"class":58},[44,10198,351],{"class":278},[44,10200,184],{"class":282},[44,10202,351],{"class":278},[44,10204,66],{"class":58},[44,10206,4874],{"class":62},[44,10208,8612],{"class":58},[44,10210,8615],{"class":58},[44,10212,351],{"class":278},[44,10214,563],{"class":282},[44,10216,351],{"class":278},[44,10218,66],{"class":58},[44,10220,69],{"class":62},[44,10222,8628],{"class":58},[44,10224,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10226,8544],{"class":50},[44,10228,55],{"class":54},[44,10230,8549],{"class":909},[44,10232,93],{"class":58},[44,10234,922],{"class":89},[44,10236,99],{"class":58},[44,10238,10239,10241,10243,10245],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10240,106],{"class":105},[44,10242,93],{"class":58},[44,10244,8583],{"class":89},[44,10246,99],{"class":58},[693,10248,10250],{"id":10249},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10252,10253],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,10255,10257],{"className":37,"code":10256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10258,10259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10260,10261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10262,10256],{"class":3034},[20,10264,10265,10266,1084],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10267,55],{},[35,10269,10271],{"className":37,"code":10270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10272,10273,10295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10274,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10276,8544],{"class":50},[44,10278,55],{"class":54},[44,10280,8549],{"class":909},[44,10282,93],{"class":58},[44,10284,7046],{"class":8554},[44,10286,55],{"class":54},[44,10288,351],{"class":278},[44,10290,4377],{"class":282},[44,10292,351],{"class":278},[44,10294,99],{"class":58},[44,10296,10297,10299,10301,10303],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10298,106],{"class":105},[44,10300,93],{"class":58},[44,10302,8583],{"class":89},[44,10304,99],{"class":58},[693,10306,10308],{"id":10307},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10310,10311],{},"This will not work:",[35,10313,10314],{"className":37,"code":9845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10315,10316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10317,10318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10319,9845],{"class":3034},[20,10321,10322],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10324,10326],{"className":37,"code":10325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10327,10328,10352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10329,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10331,8544],{"class":50},[44,10333,55],{"class":54},[44,10335,59],{"class":58},[44,10337,351],{"class":278},[44,10339,9872],{"class":282},[44,10341,351],{"class":278},[44,10343,1084],{"class":58},[44,10345,360],{"class":278},[44,10347,7055],{"class":282},[44,10349,351],{"class":278},[44,10351,77],{"class":58},[44,10353,10354,10356,10358,10360],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10355,106],{"class":105},[44,10357,93],{"class":58},[44,10359,8583],{"class":89},[44,10361,99],{"class":58},[693,10363,10365],{"id":10364},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10367,10368],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,10370,10372],{"className":37,"code":10371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10373,10374,10410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10375,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10377,8544],{"class":50},[44,10379,55],{"class":54},[44,10381,8549],{"class":909},[44,10383,9035],{"class":58},[44,10385,351],{"class":278},[44,10387,1545],{"class":282},[44,10389,351],{"class":278},[44,10391,66],{"class":58},[44,10393,4874],{"class":62},[44,10395,8612],{"class":58},[44,10397,8615],{"class":58},[44,10399,351],{"class":278},[44,10401,1545],{"class":282},[44,10403,351],{"class":278},[44,10405,66],{"class":58},[44,10407,69],{"class":62},[44,10409,10055],{"class":58},[44,10411,10412,10414,10416,10418],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10413,106],{"class":105},[44,10415,93],{"class":58},[44,10417,8583],{"class":89},[44,10419,99],{"class":58},[20,10421,10422],{},[116,10423,118],{},[35,10425,10427],{"className":37,"code":10426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10428,10429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10430,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10432,128],{"class":58},[44,10434,351],{"class":278},[44,10436,1545],{"class":282},[44,10438,351],{"class":278},[44,10440,1084],{"class":58},[44,10442,69],{"class":62},[44,10444,77],{"class":58},[20,10446,10447,10448,86],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[184,10449,10451],{"href":10450},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[30,10453,1113],{"id":1112},[20,10455,10456,10457,10459],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10458,8498],{}," include:",[165,10461,10462,10471,10477,10480],{},[168,10463,10464,10465,1264,10468],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10466,10467],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,10469,10470],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[168,10472,10473,10474],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10475,10476],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[168,10478,10479],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[168,10481,10482,10483,10485],{},"confusing ",[15,10484,8498],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10487,10488],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,10490,10492],{"className":37,"code":10491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10493,10494,10508,10518,10529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10495,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10497,106],{"class":105},[44,10499,93],{"class":58},[44,10501,1090],{"class":909},[44,10503,93],{"class":58},[44,10505,8583],{"class":89},[44,10507,973],{"class":58},[44,10509,10510,10512,10514,10516],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10511,106],{"class":105},[44,10513,93],{"class":58},[44,10515,8583],{"class":89},[44,10517,99],{"class":58},[44,10519,10520,10522,10524,10527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10521,106],{"class":105},[44,10523,93],{"class":58},[44,10525,10526],{"class":89},"list_of_pairs",[44,10528,99],{"class":58},[44,10530,10531,10533,10535,10538,10540,10542],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,10532,106],{"class":105},[44,10534,93],{"class":58},[44,10536,10537],{"class":105},"len",[44,10539,93],{"class":58},[44,10541,10526],{"class":89},[44,10543,973],{"class":58},[20,10545,10546],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[165,10548,10549,10552,10555],{},[168,10550,10551],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[168,10553,10554],{},"what data is being passed in",[168,10556,10557],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,10559,1235],{"id":1234},[693,10561,4554,10563,3766,10565,1863],{"id":10562},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10564,8498],{},[15,10566,3162],{},[20,10568,10569,10571,10572,10574],{},[15,10570,3162],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10573,8498],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[693,10576,4544,10578,10580],{"id":10577},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10579,8498],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10582,10583,10584,86],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10585,10470],{},[693,10587,4532,10589,10592],{"id":10588},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10590,10591],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10594,10595],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[693,10597,10599,10600,10602],{"id":10598},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10601,8498],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10604,10605,10606,10609],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10607,10608],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,10611,1279],{"id":1278},[165,10613,10614,10619,10623,10628,10634],{},[168,10615,10616],{},[184,10617,10618],{"href":8768},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[168,10620,10621],{},[184,10622,8534],{"href":8533},[168,10624,10625],{},[184,10626,10627],{"href":10107},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[168,10629,10630],{},[184,10631,10113,10632,718],{"href":10112},[15,10633,10116],{},[168,10635,10636],{},[184,10637,10638],{"href":10450},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1304,10640,10641],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":10643},[10644,10646,10652,10653,10654,10655,10662,10668,10669,10679],{"id":8722,"depth":80,"text":10645},"What dict() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":10647},[10648,10649,10650,10651],{"id":8779,"depth":102,"text":8780},{"id":8821,"depth":102,"text":8822},{"id":8925,"depth":102,"text":8926},{"id":9015,"depth":102,"text":9016},{"id":9127,"depth":80,"text":8780},{"id":9231,"depth":80,"text":9232},{"id":9654,"depth":80,"text":9655},{"id":9959,"depth":80,"text":10656,"children":10657},"dict() vs {}",[10658,10660],{"id":9974,"depth":102,"text":10659},"Use {} when:",{"id":10000,"depth":102,"text":10661},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10119,"depth":80,"text":10120,"children":10663},[10664,10665,10666,10667],{"id":10128,"depth":102,"text":10129},{"id":10249,"depth":102,"text":10250},{"id":10307,"depth":102,"text":10308},{"id":10364,"depth":102,"text":10365},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":10670},[10671,10673,10675,10677],{"id":10562,"depth":102,"text":10672},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10577,"depth":102,"text":10674},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10588,"depth":102,"text":10676},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10598,"depth":102,"text":10678},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8490,"description":10680},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10687,"title":10688,"body":10689,"description":12194,"extension":1334,"meta":12195,"navigation":322,"path":12196,"seo":12197,"stem":12198,"__hash__":12199},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10690,"toc":12163},[10691,10698,10704,10711,10713,10774,10779,10784,10789,10807,10810,10814,10816,10832,10834,10847,10849,10851,10985,10987,11054,11057,11073,11079,11085,11088,11170,11172,11185,11189,11195,11260,11262,11270,11273,11296,11302,11365,11371,11374,11388,11401,11405,11416,11421,11432,11439,11443,11449,11571,11573,11599,11602,11619,11622,11733,11735,11784,11786,11799,11808,11813,11818,11829,11831,11934,11957,11959,11963,11982,11985,12043,12046,12072,12074,12080,12083,12089,12093,12100,12108,12114,12117,12119,12160],[10,10692,10694,10695,18],{"id":10693},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10696,10697],{},"clear()",[20,10699,10700,10703],{},[15,10701,10702],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10705,10706,10707,10710],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[116,10708,10709],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,10712,33],{"id":32},[35,10714,10716],{"className":37,"code":10715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10717,10718,10750,10761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10719,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10721,8544],{"class":50},[44,10723,55],{"class":54},[44,10725,59],{"class":58},[44,10727,279],{"class":278},[44,10729,184],{"class":282},[44,10731,279],{"class":278},[44,10733,1084],{"class":58},[44,10735,4874],{"class":62},[44,10737,66],{"class":58},[44,10739,290],{"class":278},[44,10741,563],{"class":282},[44,10743,279],{"class":278},[44,10745,1084],{"class":58},[44,10747,69],{"class":62},[44,10749,77],{"class":58},[44,10751,10752,10754,10756,10759],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10753,8583],{"class":50},[44,10755,86],{"class":58},[44,10757,10758],{"class":89},"clear",[44,10760,913],{"class":58},[44,10762,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10764,106],{"class":105},[44,10766,93],{"class":58},[44,10768,8583],{"class":89},[44,10770,3031],{"class":58},[44,10772,10773],{"class":3034},"  # {}\n",[20,10775,10776,10778],{},[15,10777,10697],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,10780,155,10782,158],{"id":10781},"what-clear-does",[15,10783,10697],{},[20,10785,1351,10786,10788],{},[15,10787,10697],{}," method:",[165,10790,10791,10794,10797,10802],{},[168,10792,10793],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[168,10795,10796],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[168,10798,10799,10800],{},"Returns ",[15,10801,730],{},[168,10803,10804,10805],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,10806,3162],{},[20,10808,10809],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,10811,8530,10812,86],{},[184,10813,8534],{"href":8533},[30,10815,196],{"id":195},[35,10817,10819],{"className":37,"code":10818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,10820,10821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10822,10823,10826,10828,10830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10824,10825],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,10827,86],{"class":58},[44,10829,10758],{"class":89},[44,10831,913],{"class":58},[20,10833,220],{},[165,10835,10836,10841,10844],{},[168,10837,10838,10840],{},[15,10839,10697],{}," takes no arguments",[168,10842,10843],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[168,10845,10846],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,10848,258],{"id":257},[20,10850,261],{},[35,10852,10854],{"className":37,"code":10853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,10855,10856,10866,10887,10901,10918,10922,10926,10946,10950,10961,10965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10857,10858,10861,10863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10859,10860],{"class":50},"user ",[44,10862,55],{"class":54},[44,10864,10865],{"class":58}," {\n",[44,10867,10868,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10882,10884],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,10869,10870],{"class":278},"    \"",[44,10872,7046],{"class":282},[44,10874,279],{"class":278},[44,10876,1084],{"class":58},[44,10878,290],{"class":278},[44,10880,10881],{"class":282},"Maya",[44,10883,279],{"class":278},[44,10885,10886],{"class":58},",\n",[44,10888,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10890,10870],{"class":278},[44,10892,8677],{"class":282},[44,10894,279],{"class":278},[44,10896,1084],{"class":58},[44,10898,8684],{"class":62},[44,10900,10886],{"class":58},[44,10902,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10916],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,10904,10870],{"class":278},[44,10906,9786],{"class":282},[44,10908,279],{"class":278},[44,10910,1084],{"class":58},[44,10912,290],{"class":278},[44,10914,10915],{"class":282},"Berlin",[44,10917,2727],{"class":278},[44,10919,10920],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,10921,77],{"class":58},[44,10923,10924],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,10925,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,10927,10928,10930,10932,10934,10937,10939,10941,10944],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,10929,106],{"class":105},[44,10931,93],{"class":58},[44,10933,279],{"class":278},[44,10935,10936],{"class":282},"Before:",[44,10938,279],{"class":278},[44,10940,66],{"class":58},[44,10942,10943],{"class":89}," user",[44,10945,99],{"class":58},[44,10947,10948],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,10949,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,10951,10952,10955,10957,10959],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,10953,10954],{"class":50},"user",[44,10956,86],{"class":58},[44,10958,10758],{"class":89},[44,10960,913],{"class":58},[44,10962,10963],{"class":46,"line":5812},[44,10964,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10977,10979,10981,10983],{"class":46,"line":10967},11,[44,10969,106],{"class":105},[44,10971,93],{"class":58},[44,10973,279],{"class":278},[44,10975,10976],{"class":282},"After:",[44,10978,279],{"class":278},[44,10980,66],{"class":58},[44,10982,10943],{"class":89},[44,10984,99],{"class":58},[20,10986,4935],{},[35,10988,10990],{"className":37,"code":10989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,10991,10992,11045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10993,10994,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039,11041,11043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10995,10996],{"class":50},"Before",[44,10998,1084],{"class":58},[44,11000,59],{"class":58},[44,11002,351],{"class":278},[44,11004,7046],{"class":282},[44,11006,351],{"class":278},[44,11008,1084],{"class":58},[44,11010,360],{"class":278},[44,11012,10881],{"class":282},[44,11014,351],{"class":278},[44,11016,66],{"class":58},[44,11018,360],{"class":278},[44,11020,8677],{"class":282},[44,11022,351],{"class":278},[44,11024,1084],{"class":58},[44,11026,8684],{"class":62},[44,11028,66],{"class":58},[44,11030,360],{"class":278},[44,11032,9786],{"class":282},[44,11034,351],{"class":278},[44,11036,1084],{"class":58},[44,11038,360],{"class":278},[44,11040,10915],{"class":282},[44,11042,351],{"class":278},[44,11044,77],{"class":58},[44,11046,11047,11050,11052],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11048,11049],{"class":50},"After",[44,11051,1084],{"class":58},[44,11053,9215],{"class":58},[20,11055,11056],{},"What happens here:",[165,11058,11059,11064,11070],{},[168,11060,11061,11063],{},[15,11062,10954],{}," starts with three items",[168,11065,11066,11069],{},[15,11067,11068],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[168,11071,11072],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,11074,155,11076,11078],{"id":11075},"what-clear-returns",[15,11077,10697],{}," returns",[20,11080,11081,727,11083,86],{},[15,11082,10697],{},[15,11084,730],{},[20,11086,11087],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,11089,11091],{"className":37,"code":11090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11092,11093,11127,11131,11146,11150,11160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11094,11095,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112,11114,11116,11119,11121,11123,11125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11096,11097],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,11099,55],{"class":54},[44,11101,59],{"class":58},[44,11103,279],{"class":278},[44,11105,1545],{"class":282},[44,11107,279],{"class":278},[44,11109,1084],{"class":58},[44,11111,4874],{"class":62},[44,11113,66],{"class":58},[44,11115,290],{"class":278},[44,11117,11118],{"class":282},"y",[44,11120,279],{"class":278},[44,11122,1084],{"class":58},[44,11124,69],{"class":62},[44,11126,77],{"class":58},[44,11128,11129],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11130,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11132,11133,11135,11137,11140,11142,11144],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11134,1602],{"class":50},[44,11136,55],{"class":54},[44,11138,11139],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,11141,86],{"class":58},[44,11143,10758],{"class":89},[44,11145,913],{"class":58},[44,11147,11148],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,11149,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11151,11152,11154,11156,11158],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,11153,106],{"class":105},[44,11155,93],{"class":58},[44,11157,1637],{"class":89},[44,11159,99],{"class":58},[44,11161,11162,11164,11166,11168],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,11163,106],{"class":105},[44,11165,93],{"class":58},[44,11167,10825],{"class":89},[44,11169,99],{"class":58},[20,11171,118],{},[35,11173,11175],{"className":37,"code":11174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,11176,11177,11181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11178,11179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11180,864],{"class":871},[44,11182,11183],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11184,8812],{"class":58},[693,11186,11188],{"id":11187},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11190,11191,11192,11194],{},"Do ",[116,11193,736],{}," do this:",[35,11196,11198],{"className":37,"code":11197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11199,11200,11232,11246,11250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11201,11202,11204,11206,11208,11210,11212,11214,11216,11218,11220,11222,11224,11226,11228,11230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11203,11097],{"class":50},[44,11205,55],{"class":54},[44,11207,59],{"class":58},[44,11209,279],{"class":278},[44,11211,1545],{"class":282},[44,11213,279],{"class":278},[44,11215,1084],{"class":58},[44,11217,4874],{"class":62},[44,11219,66],{"class":58},[44,11221,290],{"class":278},[44,11223,11118],{"class":282},[44,11225,279],{"class":278},[44,11227,1084],{"class":58},[44,11229,69],{"class":62},[44,11231,77],{"class":58},[44,11233,11234,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11235,11097],{"class":50},[44,11237,55],{"class":54},[44,11239,11139],{"class":50},[44,11241,86],{"class":58},[44,11243,10758],{"class":89},[44,11245,913],{"class":58},[44,11247,11248],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11249,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11251,11252,11254,11256,11258],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,11253,106],{"class":105},[44,11255,93],{"class":58},[44,11257,10825],{"class":89},[44,11259,99],{"class":58},[20,11261,118],{},[35,11263,11264],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11265,11266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11267,11268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11269,864],{"class":871},[20,11271,11272],{},"Why this happens:",[165,11274,11275,11281,11286],{},[168,11276,11277,11280],{},[15,11278,11279],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[168,11282,11283,11284],{},"The method returns ",[15,11285,730],{},[168,11287,11288,11289,11292,11293,11295],{},"Then ",[15,11290,11291],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11294,730],{}," in the variable",[20,11297,11298,11299,11301],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11300,10697],{}," by itself:",[35,11303,11305],{"className":37,"code":11304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11306,11307,11339,11349,11353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11308,11309,11311,11313,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323,11325,11327,11329,11331,11333,11335,11337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11310,11097],{"class":50},[44,11312,55],{"class":54},[44,11314,59],{"class":58},[44,11316,279],{"class":278},[44,11318,1545],{"class":282},[44,11320,279],{"class":278},[44,11322,1084],{"class":58},[44,11324,4874],{"class":62},[44,11326,66],{"class":58},[44,11328,290],{"class":278},[44,11330,11118],{"class":282},[44,11332,279],{"class":278},[44,11334,1084],{"class":58},[44,11336,69],{"class":62},[44,11338,77],{"class":58},[44,11340,11341,11343,11345,11347],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11342,10825],{"class":50},[44,11344,86],{"class":58},[44,11346,10758],{"class":89},[44,11348,913],{"class":58},[44,11350,11351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11352,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11354,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,11356,106],{"class":105},[44,11358,93],{"class":58},[44,11360,10825],{"class":89},[44,11362,3031],{"class":58},[44,11364,10773],{"class":3034},[30,11366,11368,11370],{"id":11367},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11369,10697],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11372,11373],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,11375,11376],{"className":37,"code":10818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11377,11378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11379,11380,11382,11384,11386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11381,10825],{"class":50},[44,11383,86],{"class":58},[44,11385,10758],{"class":89},[44,11387,913],{"class":58},[35,11389,11391],{"className":37,"code":11390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11392,11393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11394,11395,11397,11399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11396,11097],{"class":50},[44,11398,55],{"class":54},[44,11400,9215],{"class":58},[693,11402,11403],{"id":10758},[15,11404,10697],{},[165,11406,11407,11410,11413],{},[168,11408,11409],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[168,11411,11412],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[168,11414,11415],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[693,11417,11418],{"id":10825},[15,11419,11420],{},"my_dict = {}",[165,11422,11423,11426,11429],{},[168,11424,11425],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[168,11427,11428],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[168,11430,11431],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11433,11434,11435,86],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[184,11436,11438],{"href":11437},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,11440,11442],{"id":11441},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11444,11445,11446,11448],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11447,10697],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,11450,11452],{"className":37,"code":11451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11453,11454,11487,11497,11501,11512,11516,11536,11556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11455,11456,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477,11479,11481,11483,11485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11457,11458],{"class":50},"original ",[44,11460,55],{"class":54},[44,11462,59],{"class":58},[44,11464,279],{"class":278},[44,11466,184],{"class":282},[44,11468,279],{"class":278},[44,11470,1084],{"class":58},[44,11472,4874],{"class":62},[44,11474,66],{"class":58},[44,11476,290],{"class":278},[44,11478,563],{"class":282},[44,11480,279],{"class":278},[44,11482,1084],{"class":58},[44,11484,69],{"class":62},[44,11486,77],{"class":58},[44,11488,11489,11492,11494],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11490,11491],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,11493,55],{"class":54},[44,11495,11496],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,11498,11499],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11500,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11502,11503,11506,11508,11510],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,11504,11505],{"class":50},"original",[44,11507,86],{"class":58},[44,11509,10758],{"class":89},[44,11511,913],{"class":58},[44,11513,11514],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,11515,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11517,11518,11520,11522,11524,11527,11529,11531,11534],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,11519,106],{"class":105},[44,11521,93],{"class":58},[44,11523,279],{"class":278},[44,11525,11526],{"class":282},"original:",[44,11528,279],{"class":278},[44,11530,66],{"class":58},[44,11532,11533],{"class":89}," original",[44,11535,99],{"class":58},[44,11537,11538,11540,11542,11544,11547,11549,11551,11554],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,11539,106],{"class":105},[44,11541,93],{"class":58},[44,11543,279],{"class":278},[44,11545,11546],{"class":282},"other_ref:",[44,11548,279],{"class":278},[44,11550,66],{"class":58},[44,11552,11553],{"class":89}," other_ref",[44,11555,99],{"class":58},[44,11557,11558,11560,11562,11564,11567,11569],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,11559,106],{"class":105},[44,11561,93],{"class":58},[44,11563,11458],{"class":89},[44,11565,11566],{"class":3246},"is",[44,11568,11553],{"class":89},[44,11570,99],{"class":58},[20,11572,118],{},[35,11574,11576],{"className":37,"code":11575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11577,11578,11586,11595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11579,11580,11582,11584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11581,11505],{"class":50},[44,11583,1084],{"class":58},[44,11585,9215],{"class":58},[44,11587,11588,11591,11593],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11589,11590],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,11592,1084],{"class":58},[44,11594,9215],{"class":58},[44,11596,11597],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11598,3350],{"class":871},[20,11600,11601],{},"This shows:",[165,11603,11604,11611,11616],{},[168,11605,11606,3766,11608,11610],{},[15,11607,11505],{},[15,11609,11590],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[168,11612,11613,11615],{},[15,11614,10697],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[168,11617,11618],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11620,11621],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,11623,11625],{"className":37,"code":11624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11626,11627,11659,11667,11671,11679,11683,11701,11719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11628,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649,11651,11653,11655,11657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11630,11458],{"class":50},[44,11632,55],{"class":54},[44,11634,59],{"class":58},[44,11636,279],{"class":278},[44,11638,184],{"class":282},[44,11640,279],{"class":278},[44,11642,1084],{"class":58},[44,11644,4874],{"class":62},[44,11646,66],{"class":58},[44,11648,290],{"class":278},[44,11650,563],{"class":282},[44,11652,279],{"class":278},[44,11654,1084],{"class":58},[44,11656,69],{"class":62},[44,11658,77],{"class":58},[44,11660,11661,11663,11665],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11662,11491],{"class":50},[44,11664,55],{"class":54},[44,11666,11496],{"class":50},[44,11668,11669],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11670,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11672,11673,11675,11677],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,11674,11458],{"class":50},[44,11676,55],{"class":54},[44,11678,9215],{"class":58},[44,11680,11681],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,11682,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11684,11685,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695,11697,11699],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,11686,106],{"class":105},[44,11688,93],{"class":58},[44,11690,279],{"class":278},[44,11692,11526],{"class":282},[44,11694,279],{"class":278},[44,11696,66],{"class":58},[44,11698,11533],{"class":89},[44,11700,99],{"class":58},[44,11702,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,11704,106],{"class":105},[44,11706,93],{"class":58},[44,11708,279],{"class":278},[44,11710,11546],{"class":282},[44,11712,279],{"class":278},[44,11714,66],{"class":58},[44,11716,11553],{"class":89},[44,11718,99],{"class":58},[44,11720,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,11722,106],{"class":105},[44,11724,93],{"class":58},[44,11726,11458],{"class":89},[44,11728,11566],{"class":3246},[44,11730,11553],{"class":89},[44,11732,99],{"class":58},[20,11734,118],{},[35,11736,11738],{"className":37,"code":11737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11739,11740,11748,11780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11741,11742,11744,11746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11743,11505],{"class":50},[44,11745,1084],{"class":58},[44,11747,9215],{"class":58},[44,11749,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11751,11590],{"class":50},[44,11753,1084],{"class":58},[44,11755,59],{"class":58},[44,11757,351],{"class":278},[44,11759,184],{"class":282},[44,11761,351],{"class":278},[44,11763,1084],{"class":58},[44,11765,4874],{"class":62},[44,11767,66],{"class":58},[44,11769,360],{"class":278},[44,11771,563],{"class":282},[44,11773,351],{"class":278},[44,11775,1084],{"class":58},[44,11777,69],{"class":62},[44,11779,77],{"class":58},[44,11781,11782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11783,3411],{"class":871},[20,11785,1550],{},[165,11787,11788,11794],{},[168,11789,11790,11793],{},[15,11791,11792],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[168,11795,11796,11798],{},[15,11797,11590],{}," still points to the old one",[20,11800,11801,11802,86],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[184,11803,11805],{"href":11804},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,11806,11807],{},"dict.copy()",[30,11809,4334,11811],{"id":11810},"when-to-use-clear",[15,11812,10697],{},[20,11814,11815,11817],{},[15,11816,10697],{}," is useful when you want to:",[165,11819,11820,11823,11826],{},[168,11821,11822],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[168,11824,11825],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[168,11827,11828],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,11830,894],{},[35,11832,11834],{"className":37,"code":11833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,11835,11836,11845,11861,11881,11894,11898,11902,11907,11918,11922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11837,11838,11841,11843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11839,11840],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,11842,55],{"class":54},[44,11844,10865],{"class":58},[44,11846,11847,11849,11852,11854,11856,11859],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,11848,10870],{"class":278},[44,11850,11851],{"class":282},"user_id",[44,11853,279],{"class":278},[44,11855,1084],{"class":58},[44,11857,11858],{"class":62}," 101",[44,11860,10886],{"class":58},[44,11862,11863,11865,11868,11870,11872,11874,11877,11879],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11864,10870],{"class":278},[44,11866,11867],{"class":282},"theme",[44,11869,279],{"class":278},[44,11871,1084],{"class":58},[44,11873,290],{"class":278},[44,11875,11876],{"class":282},"dark",[44,11878,279],{"class":278},[44,11880,10886],{"class":58},[44,11882,11883,11885,11888,11890,11892],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,11884,10870],{"class":278},[44,11886,11887],{"class":282},"logged_in",[44,11889,279],{"class":278},[44,11891,1084],{"class":58},[44,11893,5799],{"class":871},[44,11895,11896],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,11897,77],{"class":58},[44,11899,11900],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,11901,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11903,11904],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,11905,11906],{"class":3034},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,11908,11909,11912,11914,11916],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,11910,11911],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,11913,86],{"class":58},[44,11915,10758],{"class":89},[44,11917,913],{"class":58},[44,11919,11920],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,11921,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,11923,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932],{"class":46,"line":5812},[44,11925,106],{"class":105},[44,11927,93],{"class":58},[44,11929,11911],{"class":89},[44,11931,3031],{"class":58},[44,11933,10773],{"class":3034},[20,11935,11936,11937,11943,11944,86,11948,11950,11951,86],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[184,11938,11940],{"href":11939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,11941,11942],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[184,11945,11947],{"href":11946},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9223,11949],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[184,11952,11954],{"href":11953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,11955,11956],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,11958,1113],{"id":1112},[20,11960,10123,11961,1084],{},[15,11962,10697],{},[165,11964,11965,11971,11976,11979],{},[168,11966,11967,11968,11970],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,11969,10697],{}," to a variable",[168,11972,1129,11973,11975],{},[15,11974,10697],{}," to return a new dictionary",[168,11977,11978],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[168,11980,11981],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,11983,11984],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,11986,11988],{"className":37,"code":11987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,11989,11990,12000,12014,12029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11991,11992,11994,11996,11998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11993,106],{"class":105},[44,11995,93],{"class":58},[44,11997,10825],{"class":89},[44,11999,99],{"class":58},[44,12001,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12003,106],{"class":105},[44,12005,93],{"class":58},[44,12007,1090],{"class":909},[44,12009,93],{"class":58},[44,12011,10825],{"class":89},[44,12013,973],{"class":58},[44,12015,12016,12018,12020,12023,12025,12027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12017,106],{"class":105},[44,12019,93],{"class":58},[44,12021,12022],{"class":105},"id",[44,12024,93],{"class":58},[44,12026,10825],{"class":89},[44,12028,973],{"class":58},[44,12030,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,12032,106],{"class":105},[44,12034,93],{"class":58},[44,12036,11491],{"class":89},[44,12038,11566],{"class":3246},[44,12040,11139],{"class":89},[44,12042,99],{"class":58},[20,12044,12045],{},"What these show:",[165,12047,12048,12054,12060,12066],{},[168,12049,12050,12053],{},[15,12051,12052],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[168,12055,12056,12059],{},[15,12057,12058],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[168,12061,12062,12065],{},[15,12063,12064],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[168,12067,12068,12071],{},[15,12069,12070],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,12073,1235],{"id":1234},[693,12075,1239,12077,12079],{"id":12076},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12078,10697],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12081,12082],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[693,12084,4516,12086,12088],{"id":12085},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12087,10702],{}," return?",[20,12090,4522,12091,86],{},[15,12092,730],{},[693,12094,4554,12096,3766,12098,1863],{"id":12095},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12097,10697],{},[15,12099,3162],{},[20,12101,12102,12104,12105,12107],{},[15,12103,10697],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12106,3162],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[693,12109,1239,12111,12113],{"id":12110},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12112,10697],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12115,12116],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,12118,1279],{"id":1278},[165,12120,12121,12125,12129,12136,12143,12150,12155],{},[168,12122,12123],{},[184,12124,8534],{"href":8533},[168,12126,12127],{},[184,12128,10618],{"href":8768},[168,12130,12131],{},[184,12132,10113,12133,718],{"href":11939},[15,12134,12135],{},"pop()",[168,12137,12138],{},[184,12139,10113,12140,718],{"href":11953},[15,12141,12142],{},"popitem()",[168,12144,12145],{},[184,12146,10113,12147,718],{"href":11804},[15,12148,12149],{},"copy()",[168,12151,12152],{},[184,12153,12154],{"href":11437},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[168,12156,12157],{},[184,12158,12159],{"href":11946},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1304,12161,12162],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":12164},[12165,12166,12168,12169,12170,12174,12179,12180,12182,12183,12193],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":10781,"depth":80,"text":12167},"What clear() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":11075,"depth":80,"text":12171,"children":12172},"What clear() returns",[12173],{"id":11187,"depth":102,"text":11188},{"id":11367,"depth":80,"text":12175,"children":12176},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12177,12178],{"id":10758,"depth":102,"text":10697},{"id":10825,"depth":102,"text":11420},{"id":11441,"depth":80,"text":11442},{"id":11810,"depth":80,"text":12181},"When to use clear()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":12184},[12185,12187,12189,12191],{"id":12076,"depth":102,"text":12186},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12085,"depth":102,"text":12188},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12095,"depth":102,"text":12190},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12110,"depth":102,"text":12192},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10688,"description":12194},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12201,"title":12202,"body":12203,"description":14367,"extension":1334,"meta":14368,"navigation":322,"path":14369,"seo":14370,"stem":14371,"__hash__":14372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12204,"toc":14339},[12205,12210,12215,12225,12227,12316,12320,12361,12366,12373,12391,12400,12402,12423,12426,12438,12440,12516,12520,12561,12563,12566,12694,12698,12778,12781,12799,12802,12806,12812,12814,12825,12827,13022,13026,13132,13135,13153,13156,13163,13168,13172,13186,13188,13315,13319,13399,13412,13418,13421,13429,13433,13559,13563,13637,13642,13773,13777,13851,13854,13868,13872,13876,13890,13892,14028,14032,14101,14103,14107,14129,14132,14239,14242,14253,14260,14262,14268,14271,14278,14281,14288,14296,14300,14303,14305,14336],[10,12206,10694,12208,18],{"id":12207},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12209,12149],{},[20,12211,12212,12214],{},[15,12213,11807],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12216,12217,12218,12220,12221,12224],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12219,12149],{}," makes a ",[116,12222,12223],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,12226,33],{"id":32},[35,12228,12230],{"className":37,"code":12229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12231,12232,12270,12287,12291,12302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12233,12234,12237,12239,12241,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251,12254,12256,12258,12260,12262,12264,12266,12268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12235,12236],{"class":50},"student ",[44,12238,55],{"class":54},[44,12240,59],{"class":58},[44,12242,279],{"class":278},[44,12244,7046],{"class":282},[44,12246,279],{"class":278},[44,12248,1084],{"class":58},[44,12250,290],{"class":278},[44,12252,12253],{"class":282},"Ana",[44,12255,279],{"class":278},[44,12257,66],{"class":58},[44,12259,290],{"class":278},[44,12261,8677],{"class":282},[44,12263,279],{"class":278},[44,12265,1084],{"class":58},[44,12267,7168],{"class":62},[44,12269,77],{"class":58},[44,12271,12272,12275,12277,12280,12282,12285],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12273,12274],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,12276,55],{"class":54},[44,12278,12279],{"class":50}," student",[44,12281,86],{"class":58},[44,12283,12284],{"class":89},"copy",[44,12286,913],{"class":58},[44,12288,12289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12290,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,12292,12293,12295,12297,12300],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,12294,106],{"class":105},[44,12296,93],{"class":58},[44,12298,12299],{"class":89},"student_copy",[44,12301,99],{"class":58},[44,12303,12304,12306,12308,12310,12312,12314],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,12305,106],{"class":105},[44,12307,93],{"class":58},[44,12309,12274],{"class":89},[44,12311,11566],{"class":3246},[44,12313,12279],{"class":89},[44,12315,99],{"class":58},[20,12317,12318],{},[116,12319,118],{},[35,12321,12323],{"className":37,"code":12322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12324,12325,12357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12326,12327,12329,12331,12333,12335,12337,12339,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12328,128],{"class":58},[44,12330,351],{"class":278},[44,12332,7046],{"class":282},[44,12334,351],{"class":278},[44,12336,1084],{"class":58},[44,12338,360],{"class":278},[44,12340,12253],{"class":282},[44,12342,351],{"class":278},[44,12344,66],{"class":58},[44,12346,360],{"class":278},[44,12348,8677],{"class":282},[44,12350,351],{"class":278},[44,12352,1084],{"class":58},[44,12354,7168],{"class":62},[44,12356,77],{"class":58},[44,12358,12359],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12360,3411],{"class":871},[20,12362,148,12363,12365],{},[15,12364,12149],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,12367,12369,12370,12372],{"id":12368},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12371,12149],{}," method does",[165,12374,12375,12380,12383,12388],{},[168,12376,12377,12379],{},[15,12378,11807],{}," returns a new dictionary",[168,12381,12382],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[168,12384,12385,12386],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12387,12149],{},[168,12389,12390],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12392,12393,12394,188,12397,86],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[184,12395,8534],{"href":12396},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[184,12398,8769],{"href":12399},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,12401,196],{"id":195},[35,12403,12405],{"className":37,"code":12404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12406,12407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12408,12409,12412,12414,12417,12419,12421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12410,12411],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,12413,55],{"class":54},[44,12415,12416],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,12418,86],{"class":58},[44,12420,12284],{"class":89},[44,12422,913],{"class":58},[20,12424,12425],{},"Key points:",[165,12427,12428,12432,12435],{},[168,12429,12430,10840],{},[15,12431,12149],{},[168,12433,12434],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[168,12436,12437],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12439,894],{},[35,12441,12443],{"className":37,"code":12442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12444,12445,12485,12501,12505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12446,12447,12449,12451,12453,12455,12457,12459,12461,12463,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479,12481,12483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12448,271],{"class":50},[44,12450,55],{"class":54},[44,12452,59],{"class":58},[44,12454,279],{"class":278},[44,12456,184],{"class":282},[44,12458,279],{"class":278},[44,12460,1084],{"class":58},[44,12462,290],{"class":278},[44,12464,283],{"class":282},[44,12466,279],{"class":278},[44,12468,66],{"class":58},[44,12470,290],{"class":278},[44,12472,563],{"class":282},[44,12474,279],{"class":278},[44,12476,1084],{"class":58},[44,12478,290],{"class":278},[44,12480,293],{"class":282},[44,12482,279],{"class":278},[44,12484,77],{"class":58},[44,12486,12487,12490,12492,12495,12497,12499],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12488,12489],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,12491,55],{"class":54},[44,12493,12494],{"class":50}," colors",[44,12496,86],{"class":58},[44,12498,12284],{"class":89},[44,12500,913],{"class":58},[44,12502,12503],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12504,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,12506,12507,12509,12511,12514],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,12508,106],{"class":105},[44,12510,93],{"class":58},[44,12512,12513],{"class":89},"new_colors",[44,12515,99],{"class":58},[20,12517,12518],{},[116,12519,118],{},[35,12521,12523],{"className":37,"code":12522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12524,12525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12526,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545,12547,12549,12551,12553,12555,12557,12559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12528,128],{"class":58},[44,12530,351],{"class":278},[44,12532,184],{"class":282},[44,12534,351],{"class":278},[44,12536,1084],{"class":58},[44,12538,360],{"class":278},[44,12540,283],{"class":282},[44,12542,351],{"class":278},[44,12544,66],{"class":58},[44,12546,360],{"class":278},[44,12548,563],{"class":282},[44,12550,351],{"class":278},[44,12552,1084],{"class":58},[44,12554,360],{"class":278},[44,12556,293],{"class":282},[44,12558,351],{"class":278},[44,12560,77],{"class":58},[30,12562,258],{"id":257},[20,12564,12565],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,12567,12569],{"className":37,"code":12568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12570,12571,12609,12625,12629,12651,12655,12674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12572,12573,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12593,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603,12605,12607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12574,12575],{"class":50},"person ",[44,12577,55],{"class":54},[44,12579,59],{"class":58},[44,12581,279],{"class":278},[44,12583,7046],{"class":282},[44,12585,279],{"class":278},[44,12587,1084],{"class":58},[44,12589,290],{"class":278},[44,12591,12592],{"class":282},"Liam",[44,12594,279],{"class":278},[44,12596,66],{"class":58},[44,12598,290],{"class":278},[44,12600,8677],{"class":282},[44,12602,279],{"class":278},[44,12604,1084],{"class":58},[44,12606,8684],{"class":62},[44,12608,77],{"class":58},[44,12610,12611,12614,12616,12619,12621,12623],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12612,12613],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,12615,55],{"class":54},[44,12617,12618],{"class":50}," person",[44,12620,86],{"class":58},[44,12622,12284],{"class":89},[44,12624,913],{"class":58},[44,12626,12627],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12628,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,12630,12631,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642,12645,12648],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,12632,12633],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,12635,3270],{"class":58},[44,12637,279],{"class":278},[44,12639,8677],{"class":282},[44,12641,279],{"class":278},[44,12643,12644],{"class":58},"]",[44,12646,12647],{"class":54}," =",[44,12649,12650],{"class":62}," 26\n",[44,12652,12653],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,12654,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,12656,12657,12659,12661,12663,12666,12668,12670,12672],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,12658,106],{"class":105},[44,12660,93],{"class":58},[44,12662,279],{"class":278},[44,12664,12665],{"class":282},"Original:",[44,12667,279],{"class":278},[44,12669,66],{"class":58},[44,12671,12618],{"class":89},[44,12673,99],{"class":58},[44,12675,12676,12678,12680,12682,12685,12687,12689,12692],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,12677,106],{"class":105},[44,12679,93],{"class":58},[44,12681,279],{"class":278},[44,12683,12684],{"class":282},"Copy:",[44,12686,279],{"class":278},[44,12688,66],{"class":58},[44,12690,12691],{"class":89}," person_copy",[44,12693,99],{"class":58},[20,12695,12696],{},[116,12697,118],{},[35,12699,12701],{"className":37,"code":12700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12702,12703,12740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12704,12705,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12724,12726,12728,12730,12732,12734,12736,12738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12706,12707],{"class":50},"Original",[44,12709,1084],{"class":58},[44,12711,59],{"class":58},[44,12713,351],{"class":278},[44,12715,7046],{"class":282},[44,12717,351],{"class":278},[44,12719,1084],{"class":58},[44,12721,360],{"class":278},[44,12723,12592],{"class":282},[44,12725,351],{"class":278},[44,12727,66],{"class":58},[44,12729,360],{"class":278},[44,12731,8677],{"class":282},[44,12733,351],{"class":278},[44,12735,1084],{"class":58},[44,12737,8684],{"class":62},[44,12739,77],{"class":58},[44,12741,12742,12745,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761,12763,12765,12767,12769,12771,12773,12776],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12743,12744],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,12746,1084],{"class":58},[44,12748,59],{"class":58},[44,12750,351],{"class":278},[44,12752,7046],{"class":282},[44,12754,351],{"class":278},[44,12756,1084],{"class":58},[44,12758,360],{"class":278},[44,12760,12592],{"class":282},[44,12762,351],{"class":278},[44,12764,66],{"class":58},[44,12766,360],{"class":278},[44,12768,8677],{"class":282},[44,12770,351],{"class":278},[44,12772,1084],{"class":58},[44,12774,12775],{"class":62}," 26",[44,12777,77],{"class":58},[20,12779,12780],{},"What happened here:",[165,12782,12783,12789,12796],{},[168,12784,12785,12788],{},[15,12786,12787],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[168,12790,12791,12792,12795],{},"Changing ",[15,12793,12794],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[168,12797,12798],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12800,12801],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,12803,12805],{"id":12804},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12807,12808,12220,12810,86],{},[15,12809,12149],{},[116,12811,12223],{},[20,12813,1478],{},[165,12815,12816,12819,12822],{},[168,12817,12818],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[168,12820,12821],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[168,12823,12824],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,12826,894],{},[35,12828,12830],{"className":37,"code":12829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,12831,12832,12840,12858,12881,12885,12889,12903,12907,12932,12936,12954,12973,12988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12833,12834,12836,12838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12835,12236],{"class":50},[44,12837,55],{"class":54},[44,12839,10865],{"class":58},[44,12841,12842,12844,12846,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,12843,10870],{"class":278},[44,12845,7046],{"class":282},[44,12847,279],{"class":278},[44,12849,1084],{"class":58},[44,12851,290],{"class":278},[44,12853,12253],{"class":282},[44,12855,279],{"class":278},[44,12857,10886],{"class":58},[44,12859,12860,12862,12865,12867,12869,12871,12874,12876,12879],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12861,10870],{"class":278},[44,12863,12864],{"class":282},"grades",[44,12866,279],{"class":278},[44,12868,1084],{"class":58},[44,12870,2992],{"class":58},[44,12872,12873],{"class":62},"90",[44,12875,66],{"class":58},[44,12877,12878],{"class":62}," 85",[44,12880,3005],{"class":58},[44,12882,12883],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,12884,77],{"class":58},[44,12886,12887],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,12888,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,12890,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12901],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,12892,12274],{"class":50},[44,12894,55],{"class":54},[44,12896,12279],{"class":50},[44,12898,86],{"class":58},[44,12900,12284],{"class":89},[44,12902,913],{"class":58},[44,12904,12905],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,12906,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,12908,12909,12911,12913,12915,12917,12919,12922,12925,12927,12930],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,12910,12299],{"class":50},[44,12912,3270],{"class":58},[44,12914,279],{"class":278},[44,12916,12864],{"class":282},[44,12918,279],{"class":278},[44,12920,12921],{"class":58},"].",[44,12923,12924],{"class":89},"append",[44,12926,93],{"class":58},[44,12928,12929],{"class":62},"100",[44,12931,99],{"class":58},[44,12933,12934],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,12935,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,12937,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950,12952],{"class":46,"line":5812},[44,12939,106],{"class":105},[44,12941,93],{"class":58},[44,12943,279],{"class":278},[44,12945,12665],{"class":282},[44,12947,279],{"class":278},[44,12949,66],{"class":58},[44,12951,12279],{"class":89},[44,12953,99],{"class":58},[44,12955,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12971],{"class":46,"line":10967},[44,12957,106],{"class":105},[44,12959,93],{"class":58},[44,12961,279],{"class":278},[44,12963,12684],{"class":282},[44,12965,279],{"class":278},[44,12967,66],{"class":58},[44,12969,12970],{"class":89}," student_copy",[44,12972,99],{"class":58},[44,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986],{"class":46,"line":12975},12,[44,12977,106],{"class":105},[44,12979,93],{"class":58},[44,12981,12236],{"class":89},[44,12983,11566],{"class":3246},[44,12985,12970],{"class":89},[44,12987,99],{"class":58},[44,12989,12991,12993,12995,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020],{"class":46,"line":12990},13,[44,12992,106],{"class":105},[44,12994,93],{"class":58},[44,12996,12997],{"class":89},"student",[44,12999,3270],{"class":58},[44,13001,279],{"class":278},[44,13003,12864],{"class":282},[44,13005,279],{"class":278},[44,13007,12644],{"class":58},[44,13009,7474],{"class":3246},[44,13011,12970],{"class":89},[44,13013,3270],{"class":58},[44,13015,279],{"class":278},[44,13017,12864],{"class":282},[44,13019,279],{"class":278},[44,13021,677],{"class":58},[20,13023,13024],{},[116,13025,118],{},[35,13027,13029],{"className":37,"code":13028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13030,13031,13078,13124,13128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13032,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13034,12707],{"class":50},[44,13036,1084],{"class":58},[44,13038,59],{"class":58},[44,13040,351],{"class":278},[44,13042,7046],{"class":282},[44,13044,351],{"class":278},[44,13046,1084],{"class":58},[44,13048,360],{"class":278},[44,13050,12253],{"class":282},[44,13052,351],{"class":278},[44,13054,66],{"class":58},[44,13056,360],{"class":278},[44,13058,12864],{"class":282},[44,13060,351],{"class":278},[44,13062,1084],{"class":58},[44,13064,2992],{"class":58},[44,13066,12873],{"class":62},[44,13068,66],{"class":58},[44,13070,12878],{"class":62},[44,13072,66],{"class":58},[44,13074,9495],{"class":62},[44,13076,13077],{"class":58},"]}\n",[44,13079,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13081,12744],{"class":50},[44,13083,1084],{"class":58},[44,13085,59],{"class":58},[44,13087,351],{"class":278},[44,13089,7046],{"class":282},[44,13091,351],{"class":278},[44,13093,1084],{"class":58},[44,13095,360],{"class":278},[44,13097,12253],{"class":282},[44,13099,351],{"class":278},[44,13101,66],{"class":58},[44,13103,360],{"class":278},[44,13105,12864],{"class":282},[44,13107,351],{"class":278},[44,13109,1084],{"class":58},[44,13111,2992],{"class":58},[44,13113,12873],{"class":62},[44,13115,66],{"class":58},[44,13117,12878],{"class":62},[44,13119,66],{"class":58},[44,13121,9495],{"class":62},[44,13123,13077],{"class":58},[44,13125,13126],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13127,3411],{"class":871},[44,13129,13130],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,13131,3350],{"class":871},[20,13133,13134],{},"Notice the difference:",[165,13136,13137,13145],{},[168,13138,13139,4156,13142,13144],{},[15,13140,13141],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13143,3045],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[168,13146,13147,4156,13150,13152],{},[15,13148,13149],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13151,987],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13154,13155],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13157,13158,13159,86],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[184,13160,13162],{"href":13161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,13164,4334,13166],{"id":13165},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13167,12149],{},[20,13169,148,13170,9977],{},[15,13171,12149],{},[165,13173,13174,13177,13180,13183],{},[168,13175,13176],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[168,13178,13179],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[168,13181,13182],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[168,13184,13185],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13187,894],{},[35,13189,13191],{"className":37,"code":13190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13192,13193,13232,13248,13252,13272,13276,13295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13194,13195,13198,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13223,13225,13227,13230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13196,13197],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,13199,55],{"class":54},[44,13201,59],{"class":58},[44,13203,279],{"class":278},[44,13205,11867],{"class":282},[44,13207,279],{"class":278},[44,13209,1084],{"class":58},[44,13211,290],{"class":278},[44,13213,11876],{"class":282},[44,13215,279],{"class":278},[44,13217,66],{"class":58},[44,13219,290],{"class":278},[44,13221,13222],{"class":282},"font_size",[44,13224,279],{"class":278},[44,13226,1084],{"class":58},[44,13228,13229],{"class":62}," 14",[44,13231,77],{"class":58},[44,13233,13234,13237,13239,13242,13244,13246],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13235,13236],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,13238,55],{"class":54},[44,13240,13241],{"class":50}," settings",[44,13243,86],{"class":58},[44,13245,12284],{"class":89},[44,13247,913],{"class":58},[44,13249,13250],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13251,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,13253,13254,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,13255,13256],{"class":50},"settings",[44,13258,3270],{"class":58},[44,13260,279],{"class":278},[44,13262,13222],{"class":282},[44,13264,279],{"class":278},[44,13266,12644],{"class":58},[44,13268,12647],{"class":54},[44,13270,13271],{"class":62}," 16\n",[44,13273,13274],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,13275,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,13277,13278,13280,13282,13284,13287,13289,13291,13293],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,13279,106],{"class":105},[44,13281,93],{"class":58},[44,13283,279],{"class":278},[44,13285,13286],{"class":282},"Current:",[44,13288,279],{"class":278},[44,13290,66],{"class":58},[44,13292,13241],{"class":89},[44,13294,99],{"class":58},[44,13296,13297,13299,13301,13303,13306,13308,13310,13313],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,13298,106],{"class":105},[44,13300,93],{"class":58},[44,13302,279],{"class":278},[44,13304,13305],{"class":282},"Backup:",[44,13307,279],{"class":278},[44,13309,66],{"class":58},[44,13311,13312],{"class":89}," settings_backup",[44,13314,99],{"class":58},[20,13316,13317],{},[116,13318,118],{},[35,13320,13322],{"className":37,"code":13321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13323,13324,13362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13325,13326,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13327,13328],{"class":50},"Current",[44,13330,1084],{"class":58},[44,13332,59],{"class":58},[44,13334,351],{"class":278},[44,13336,11867],{"class":282},[44,13338,351],{"class":278},[44,13340,1084],{"class":58},[44,13342,360],{"class":278},[44,13344,11876],{"class":282},[44,13346,351],{"class":278},[44,13348,66],{"class":58},[44,13350,360],{"class":278},[44,13352,13222],{"class":282},[44,13354,351],{"class":278},[44,13356,1084],{"class":58},[44,13358,13359],{"class":62}," 16",[44,13361,77],{"class":58},[44,13363,13364,13367,13369,13371,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13365,13366],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,13368,1084],{"class":58},[44,13370,59],{"class":58},[44,13372,351],{"class":278},[44,13374,11867],{"class":282},[44,13376,351],{"class":278},[44,13378,1084],{"class":58},[44,13380,360],{"class":278},[44,13382,11876],{"class":282},[44,13384,351],{"class":278},[44,13386,66],{"class":58},[44,13388,360],{"class":278},[44,13390,13222],{"class":282},[44,13392,351],{"class":278},[44,13394,1084],{"class":58},[44,13396,13229],{"class":62},[44,13398,77],{"class":58},[20,13400,13401,13402,188,13408,86],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[184,13403,13405],{"href":13404},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13406,13407],{},"dict.update()",[184,13409,13410],{"href":12196},[15,13411,10702],{},[30,13413,13415,13417],{"id":13414},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13416,12149],{}," vs assignment",[20,13419,13420],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13422,1123,13423,13425,13426,13428],{},[15,13424,55],{}," does ",[116,13427,736],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[693,13430,13432],{"id":13431},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,13434,13436],{"className":37,"code":13435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13437,13438,13470,13479,13483,13503,13507,13525,13545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13439,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13441,11458],{"class":50},[44,13443,55],{"class":54},[44,13445,59],{"class":58},[44,13447,279],{"class":278},[44,13449,1545],{"class":282},[44,13451,279],{"class":278},[44,13453,1084],{"class":58},[44,13455,4874],{"class":62},[44,13457,66],{"class":58},[44,13459,290],{"class":278},[44,13461,11118],{"class":282},[44,13463,279],{"class":278},[44,13465,1084],{"class":58},[44,13467,69],{"class":62},[44,13469,77],{"class":58},[44,13471,13472,13475,13477],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13473,13474],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,13476,55],{"class":54},[44,13478,11496],{"class":50},[44,13480,13481],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13482,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,13484,13485,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,13486,13487],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,13489,3270],{"class":58},[44,13491,279],{"class":278},[44,13493,1545],{"class":282},[44,13495,279],{"class":278},[44,13497,12644],{"class":58},[44,13499,12647],{"class":54},[44,13501,13502],{"class":62}," 99\n",[44,13504,13505],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,13506,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,13508,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13519,13521,13523],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,13510,106],{"class":105},[44,13512,93],{"class":58},[44,13514,279],{"class":278},[44,13516,12665],{"class":282},[44,13518,279],{"class":278},[44,13520,66],{"class":58},[44,13522,11533],{"class":89},[44,13524,99],{"class":58},[44,13526,13527,13529,13531,13533,13536,13538,13540,13543],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,13528,106],{"class":105},[44,13530,93],{"class":58},[44,13532,279],{"class":278},[44,13534,13535],{"class":282},"Assigned:",[44,13537,279],{"class":278},[44,13539,66],{"class":58},[44,13541,13542],{"class":89}," assigned",[44,13544,99],{"class":58},[44,13546,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,13548,106],{"class":105},[44,13550,93],{"class":58},[44,13552,11458],{"class":89},[44,13554,11566],{"class":3246},[44,13556,13542],{"class":89},[44,13558,99],{"class":58},[20,13560,13561],{},[116,13562,118],{},[35,13564,13566],{"className":37,"code":13565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13567,13568,13600,13633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13569,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13571,12707],{"class":50},[44,13573,1084],{"class":58},[44,13575,59],{"class":58},[44,13577,351],{"class":278},[44,13579,1545],{"class":282},[44,13581,351],{"class":278},[44,13583,1084],{"class":58},[44,13585,9574],{"class":62},[44,13587,66],{"class":58},[44,13589,360],{"class":278},[44,13591,11118],{"class":282},[44,13593,351],{"class":278},[44,13595,1084],{"class":58},[44,13597,69],{"class":62},[44,13599,77],{"class":58},[44,13601,13602,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13603,13604],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,13606,1084],{"class":58},[44,13608,59],{"class":58},[44,13610,351],{"class":278},[44,13612,1545],{"class":282},[44,13614,351],{"class":278},[44,13616,1084],{"class":58},[44,13618,9574],{"class":62},[44,13620,66],{"class":58},[44,13622,360],{"class":278},[44,13624,11118],{"class":282},[44,13626,351],{"class":278},[44,13628,1084],{"class":58},[44,13630,69],{"class":62},[44,13632,77],{"class":58},[44,13634,13635],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13636,3350],{"class":871},[693,13638,1123,13640],{"id":13639},"using-copy",[15,13641,12149],{},[35,13643,13645],{"className":37,"code":13644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13646,13647,13679,13694,13698,13717,13721,13739,13759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13648,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13650,11458],{"class":50},[44,13652,55],{"class":54},[44,13654,59],{"class":58},[44,13656,279],{"class":278},[44,13658,1545],{"class":282},[44,13660,279],{"class":278},[44,13662,1084],{"class":58},[44,13664,4874],{"class":62},[44,13666,66],{"class":58},[44,13668,290],{"class":278},[44,13670,11118],{"class":282},[44,13672,279],{"class":278},[44,13674,1084],{"class":58},[44,13676,69],{"class":62},[44,13678,77],{"class":58},[44,13680,13681,13684,13686,13688,13690,13692],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13682,13683],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,13685,55],{"class":54},[44,13687,11533],{"class":50},[44,13689,86],{"class":58},[44,13691,12284],{"class":89},[44,13693,913],{"class":58},[44,13695,13696],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13697,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,13699,13700,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,13701,13702],{"class":50},"copied",[44,13704,3270],{"class":58},[44,13706,279],{"class":278},[44,13708,1545],{"class":282},[44,13710,279],{"class":278},[44,13712,12644],{"class":58},[44,13714,12647],{"class":54},[44,13716,13502],{"class":62},[44,13718,13719],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,13720,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,13722,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,13724,106],{"class":105},[44,13726,93],{"class":58},[44,13728,279],{"class":278},[44,13730,12665],{"class":282},[44,13732,279],{"class":278},[44,13734,66],{"class":58},[44,13736,11533],{"class":89},[44,13738,99],{"class":58},[44,13740,13741,13743,13745,13747,13750,13752,13754,13757],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,13742,106],{"class":105},[44,13744,93],{"class":58},[44,13746,279],{"class":278},[44,13748,13749],{"class":282},"Copied:",[44,13751,279],{"class":278},[44,13753,66],{"class":58},[44,13755,13756],{"class":89}," copied",[44,13758,99],{"class":58},[44,13760,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,13762,106],{"class":105},[44,13764,93],{"class":58},[44,13766,11458],{"class":89},[44,13768,11566],{"class":3246},[44,13770,13756],{"class":89},[44,13772,99],{"class":58},[20,13774,13775],{},[116,13776,118],{},[35,13778,13780],{"className":37,"code":13779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13781,13782,13814,13847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13783,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13785,12707],{"class":50},[44,13787,1084],{"class":58},[44,13789,59],{"class":58},[44,13791,351],{"class":278},[44,13793,1545],{"class":282},[44,13795,351],{"class":278},[44,13797,1084],{"class":58},[44,13799,4874],{"class":62},[44,13801,66],{"class":58},[44,13803,360],{"class":278},[44,13805,11118],{"class":282},[44,13807,351],{"class":278},[44,13809,1084],{"class":58},[44,13811,69],{"class":62},[44,13813,77],{"class":58},[44,13815,13816,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13817,13818],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,13820,1084],{"class":58},[44,13822,59],{"class":58},[44,13824,351],{"class":278},[44,13826,1545],{"class":282},[44,13828,351],{"class":278},[44,13830,1084],{"class":58},[44,13832,9574],{"class":62},[44,13834,66],{"class":58},[44,13836,360],{"class":278},[44,13838,11118],{"class":282},[44,13840,351],{"class":278},[44,13842,1084],{"class":58},[44,13844,69],{"class":62},[44,13846,77],{"class":58},[44,13848,13849],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13850,3411],{"class":871},[20,13852,13853],{},"Summary:",[165,13855,13856,13862],{},[168,13857,13858,13861],{},[15,13859,13860],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[168,13863,13864,13867],{},[15,13865,13866],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,13869,13871],{"id":13870},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,13873,13874,1084],{},[15,13875,12149],{},[165,13877,13878,13881,13884,13887],{},[168,13879,13880],{},"Returns a dictionary",[168,13882,13883],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[168,13885,13886],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[168,13888,13889],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,13891,894],{},[35,13893,13895],{"className":37,"code":13894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,13896,13897,13929,13945,13949,13967,13987,13991,14009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13898,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13900,8544],{"class":50},[44,13902,55],{"class":54},[44,13904,59],{"class":58},[44,13906,279],{"class":278},[44,13908,184],{"class":282},[44,13910,279],{"class":278},[44,13912,1084],{"class":58},[44,13914,4874],{"class":62},[44,13916,66],{"class":58},[44,13918,290],{"class":278},[44,13920,563],{"class":282},[44,13922,279],{"class":278},[44,13924,1084],{"class":58},[44,13926,69],{"class":62},[44,13928,77],{"class":58},[44,13930,13931,13934,13936,13939,13941,13943],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,13932,13933],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,13935,55],{"class":54},[44,13937,13938],{"class":50}," data",[44,13940,86],{"class":58},[44,13942,12284],{"class":89},[44,13944,913],{"class":58},[44,13946,13947],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13948,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,13950,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,13952,8583],{"class":50},[44,13954,3270],{"class":58},[44,13956,279],{"class":278},[44,13958,184],{"class":282},[44,13960,279],{"class":278},[44,13962,12644],{"class":58},[44,13964,12647],{"class":54},[44,13966,1958],{"class":62},[44,13968,13969,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,13970,13971],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,13973,3270],{"class":58},[44,13975,279],{"class":278},[44,13977,563],{"class":282},[44,13979,279],{"class":278},[44,13981,12644],{"class":58},[44,13983,12647],{"class":54},[44,13985,13986],{"class":62}," 20\n",[44,13988,13989],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,13990,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,13992,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,13994,106],{"class":105},[44,13996,93],{"class":58},[44,13998,279],{"class":278},[44,14000,12665],{"class":282},[44,14002,279],{"class":278},[44,14004,66],{"class":58},[44,14006,13938],{"class":89},[44,14008,99],{"class":58},[44,14010,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14026],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,14012,106],{"class":105},[44,14014,93],{"class":58},[44,14016,279],{"class":278},[44,14018,12684],{"class":282},[44,14020,279],{"class":278},[44,14022,66],{"class":58},[44,14024,14025],{"class":89}," data_copy",[44,14027,99],{"class":58},[20,14029,14030],{},[116,14031,118],{},[35,14033,14035],{"className":37,"code":14034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14036,14037,14069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14038,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14040,12707],{"class":50},[44,14042,1084],{"class":58},[44,14044,59],{"class":58},[44,14046,351],{"class":278},[44,14048,184],{"class":282},[44,14050,351],{"class":278},[44,14052,1084],{"class":58},[44,14054,5381],{"class":62},[44,14056,66],{"class":58},[44,14058,360],{"class":278},[44,14060,563],{"class":282},[44,14062,351],{"class":278},[44,14064,1084],{"class":58},[44,14066,69],{"class":62},[44,14068,77],{"class":58},[44,14070,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14072,12744],{"class":50},[44,14074,1084],{"class":58},[44,14076,59],{"class":58},[44,14078,351],{"class":278},[44,14080,184],{"class":282},[44,14082,351],{"class":278},[44,14084,1084],{"class":58},[44,14086,4874],{"class":62},[44,14088,66],{"class":58},[44,14090,360],{"class":278},[44,14092,563],{"class":282},[44,14094,351],{"class":278},[44,14096,1084],{"class":58},[44,14098,7168],{"class":62},[44,14100,77],{"class":58},[30,14102,1113],{"id":1112},[20,14104,1116,14105,1084],{},[15,14106,11807],{},[165,14108,14109,14116,14121,14126],{},[168,14110,1123,14111,1264,14113,14115],{},[15,14112,55],{},[15,14114,12149],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[168,14117,3953,14118,14120],{},[15,14119,12149],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[168,14122,14123,14124],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14125,12149],{},[168,14127,14128],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14130,14131],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,14133,14135],{"className":37,"code":14134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14136,14137,14147,14157,14171,14194,14217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14138,14139,14141,14143,14145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14140,106],{"class":105},[44,14142,93],{"class":58},[44,14144,11505],{"class":89},[44,14146,99],{"class":58},[44,14148,14149,14151,14153,14155],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14150,106],{"class":105},[44,14152,93],{"class":58},[44,14154,13702],{"class":89},[44,14156,99],{"class":58},[44,14158,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14160,106],{"class":105},[44,14162,93],{"class":58},[44,14164,11458],{"class":89},[44,14166,11566],{"class":3246},[44,14168,13756],{"class":89},[44,14170,99],{"class":58},[44,14172,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14188,14190,14192],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,14174,106],{"class":105},[44,14176,93],{"class":58},[44,14178,12022],{"class":105},[44,14180,93],{"class":58},[44,14182,11505],{"class":89},[44,14184,8612],{"class":58},[44,14186,14187],{"class":105}," id",[44,14189,93],{"class":58},[44,14191,13702],{"class":89},[44,14193,973],{"class":58},[44,14195,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14213,14215],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,14197,106],{"class":105},[44,14199,93],{"class":58},[44,14201,12022],{"class":105},[44,14203,93],{"class":58},[44,14205,11505],{"class":89},[44,14207,3270],{"class":58},[44,14209,279],{"class":278},[44,14211,14212],{"class":282},"key",[44,14214,279],{"class":278},[44,14216,2368],{"class":58},[44,14218,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,14220,106],{"class":105},[44,14222,93],{"class":58},[44,14224,12022],{"class":105},[44,14226,93],{"class":58},[44,14228,13702],{"class":89},[44,14230,3270],{"class":58},[44,14232,279],{"class":278},[44,14234,14212],{"class":282},[44,14236,279],{"class":278},[44,14238,2368],{"class":58},[20,14240,14241],{},"What these help you check:",[165,14243,14244,14247,14250],{},[168,14245,14246],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[168,14248,14249],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[168,14251,14252],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14254,14255,14256,86],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[184,14257,14259],{"href":14258},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,14261,1235],{"id":1234},[693,14263,1239,14265,14267],{"id":14264},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14266,11807],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14269,14270],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[693,14272,14274,14275,14277],{"id":14273},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14276,11807],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14279,14280],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[693,14282,4554,14284,3766,14286,1863],{"id":14283},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14285,12149],{},[15,14287,55],{},[20,14289,14290,14292,14293,14295],{},[15,14291,12149],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14294,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[693,14297,14299],{"id":14298},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14301,14302],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,14304,1279],{"id":1278},[165,14306,14307,14311,14315,14319,14325,14331],{},[168,14308,14309],{},[184,14310,10618],{"href":12399},[168,14312,14313],{},[184,14314,8534],{"href":12396},[168,14316,14317],{},[184,14318,13162],{"href":13161},[168,14320,14321],{},[184,14322,10113,14323,718],{"href":13404},[15,14324,528],{},[168,14326,14327],{},[184,14328,10113,14329,718],{"href":12196},[15,14330,10697],{},[168,14332,14333],{},[184,14334,14335],{"href":14258},"How to copy a list in Python",[1304,14337,14338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":14340},[14341,14342,14344,14345,14346,14347,14349,14355,14356,14357,14366],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":12368,"depth":80,"text":14343},"What the copy() method does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":12804,"depth":80,"text":12805},{"id":13165,"depth":80,"text":14348},"When to use copy()",{"id":13414,"depth":80,"text":14350,"children":14351},"copy() vs assignment",[14352,14353],{"id":13431,"depth":102,"text":13432},{"id":13639,"depth":102,"text":14354},"Using copy()",{"id":13870,"depth":80,"text":13871},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":14358},[14359,14361,14363,14365],{"id":14264,"depth":102,"text":14360},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14273,"depth":102,"text":14362},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14283,"depth":102,"text":14364},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14298,"depth":102,"text":14299},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12202,"description":14367},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14374,"title":14375,"body":14376,"description":16572,"extension":1334,"meta":16573,"navigation":322,"path":12399,"seo":16574,"stem":16575,"__hash__":16576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14377,"toc":16534},[14378,14381,14387,14396,14398,14474,14478,14527,14530,14534,14548,14551,14555,14568,14571,14604,14618,14621,14633,14637,14640,14648,14728,14732,14785,14789,14807,14809,14891,14894,14896,14899,14902,14925,14949,14953,14961,14964,14968,14977,14982,15037,15041,15074,15080,15086,15089,15144,15148,15198,15201,15207,15210,15218,15220,15265,15270,15279,15282,15285,15332,15334,15339,15342,15436,15440,15493,15496,15552,15555,15559,15562,15576,15580,15646,15650,15675,15678,15682,15760,15764,15767,15770,15790,15793,15846,15850,15853,15856,15869,15871,15960,15967,15970,15981,15983,15986,16006,16010,16013,16022,16025,16064,16068,16070,16079,16088,16090,16128,16132,16179,16183,16204,16208,16211,16323,16328,16426,16448,16450,16454,16461,16465,16471,16475,16478,16482,16485,16492,16500,16502,16528,16531],[10,14379,14375],{"id":14380},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14382,14383,14384,14386],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[116,14385,8510],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14388,14389,14390,188,14392,86],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[184,14391,8534],{"href":8533},[184,14393,14395],{"href":14394},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,14397,33],{"id":32},[35,14399,14401],{"className":37,"code":14400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14402,14403,14411,14429,14443,14456,14460,14464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14404,14405,14407,14409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14406,12236],{"class":50},[44,14408,55],{"class":54},[44,14410,10865],{"class":58},[44,14412,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14414,10870],{"class":278},[44,14416,7046],{"class":282},[44,14418,279],{"class":278},[44,14420,1084],{"class":58},[44,14422,290],{"class":278},[44,14424,12253],{"class":282},[44,14426,279],{"class":278},[44,14428,10886],{"class":58},[44,14430,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14432,10870],{"class":278},[44,14434,8677],{"class":282},[44,14436,279],{"class":278},[44,14438,1084],{"class":58},[44,14440,7168],{"class":62},[44,14442,10886],{"class":58},[44,14444,14445,14447,14450,14452,14454],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,14446,10870],{"class":278},[44,14448,14449],{"class":282},"is_active",[44,14451,279],{"class":278},[44,14453,1084],{"class":58},[44,14455,5799],{"class":871},[44,14457,14458],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,14459,77],{"class":58},[44,14461,14462],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,14463,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,14465,14466,14468,14470,14472],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,14467,106],{"class":105},[44,14469,93],{"class":58},[44,14471,12997],{"class":89},[44,14473,99],{"class":58},[20,14475,14476],{},[116,14477,118],{},[35,14479,14481],{"className":37,"code":14480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14482,14483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14484,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14486,128],{"class":58},[44,14488,351],{"class":278},[44,14490,7046],{"class":282},[44,14492,351],{"class":278},[44,14494,1084],{"class":58},[44,14496,360],{"class":278},[44,14498,12253],{"class":282},[44,14500,351],{"class":278},[44,14502,66],{"class":58},[44,14504,360],{"class":278},[44,14506,8677],{"class":282},[44,14508,351],{"class":278},[44,14510,1084],{"class":58},[44,14512,7168],{"class":62},[44,14514,66],{"class":58},[44,14516,360],{"class":278},[44,14518,14449],{"class":282},[44,14520,351],{"class":278},[44,14522,1084],{"class":58},[44,14524,3286],{"class":871},[44,14526,77],{"class":58},[20,14528,14529],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,14531,14533],{"id":14532},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[165,14535,14536,14539,14542,14545],{},[168,14537,14538],{},"What a dictionary is",[168,14540,14541],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[168,14543,14544],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[168,14546,14547],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,14549,14538],{"id":14550},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14552,8507,14553,86],{},[116,14554,8510],{},[165,14556,14557,14563],{},[168,14558,14559,14560,14562],{},"A ",[116,14561,14212],{}," is the label",[168,14564,14559,14565,14567],{},[116,14566,1188],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14569,14570],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,14572,14574],{"className":37,"code":14573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14575,14576,14584,14600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14577,14578,14580,14582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14579,12236],{"class":50},[44,14581,55],{"class":54},[44,14583,10865],{"class":58},[44,14585,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14587,10870],{"class":278},[44,14589,7046],{"class":282},[44,14591,279],{"class":278},[44,14593,1084],{"class":58},[44,14595,290],{"class":278},[44,14597,12253],{"class":282},[44,14599,2727],{"class":278},[44,14601,14602],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14603,77],{"class":58},[165,14605,14606,14612],{},[168,14607,14608,14611],{},[15,14609,14610],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[168,14613,14614,14617],{},[15,14615,14616],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14619,14620],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[165,14622,14623,14625,14627,14630],{},[168,14624,7046],{},[168,14626,8677],{},[168,14628,14629],{},"email",[168,14631,14632],{},"country",[30,14634,14636],{"id":14635},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14638,14639],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14641,148,14642,14644,14645,86],{},[15,14643,3162],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14646,14647],{},"key: value",[35,14649,14651],{"className":37,"code":14650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14652,14653,14661,14679,14693,14710,14714,14718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14654,14655,14657,14659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14656,12236],{"class":50},[44,14658,55],{"class":54},[44,14660,10865],{"class":58},[44,14662,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14664,10870],{"class":278},[44,14666,7046],{"class":282},[44,14668,279],{"class":278},[44,14670,1084],{"class":58},[44,14672,290],{"class":278},[44,14674,12253],{"class":282},[44,14676,279],{"class":278},[44,14678,10886],{"class":58},[44,14680,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14682,10870],{"class":278},[44,14684,8677],{"class":282},[44,14686,279],{"class":278},[44,14688,1084],{"class":58},[44,14690,7168],{"class":62},[44,14692,10886],{"class":58},[44,14694,14695,14697,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,14696,10870],{"class":278},[44,14698,14699],{"class":282},"course",[44,14701,279],{"class":278},[44,14703,1084],{"class":58},[44,14705,290],{"class":278},[44,14707,6674],{"class":282},[44,14709,2727],{"class":278},[44,14711,14712],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,14713,77],{"class":58},[44,14715,14716],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,14717,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,14719,14720,14722,14724,14726],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,14721,106],{"class":105},[44,14723,93],{"class":58},[44,14725,12997],{"class":89},[44,14727,99],{"class":58},[20,14729,14730],{},[116,14731,118],{},[35,14733,14735],{"className":37,"code":14734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14736,14737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14738,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14740,128],{"class":58},[44,14742,351],{"class":278},[44,14744,7046],{"class":282},[44,14746,351],{"class":278},[44,14748,1084],{"class":58},[44,14750,360],{"class":278},[44,14752,12253],{"class":282},[44,14754,351],{"class":278},[44,14756,66],{"class":58},[44,14758,360],{"class":278},[44,14760,8677],{"class":282},[44,14762,351],{"class":278},[44,14764,1084],{"class":58},[44,14766,7168],{"class":62},[44,14768,66],{"class":58},[44,14770,360],{"class":278},[44,14772,14699],{"class":282},[44,14774,351],{"class":278},[44,14776,1084],{"class":58},[44,14778,360],{"class":278},[44,14780,6674],{"class":282},[44,14782,351],{"class":278},[44,14784,77],{"class":58},[693,14786,14788],{"id":14787},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[165,14790,14791,14796,14801,14804],{},[168,14792,148,14793,14795],{},[15,14794,3162],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[168,14797,14798,14799],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14800,14647],{},[168,14802,14803],{},"Separate items with commas",[168,14805,14806],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14808,894],{},[35,14810,14812],{"className":37,"code":14811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14813,14814,14823,14843,14859,14872,14876,14880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14815,14816,14819,14821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14817,14818],{"class":50},"book ",[44,14820,55],{"class":54},[44,14822,10865],{"class":58},[44,14824,14825,14827,14830,14832,14834,14836,14839,14841],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14826,10870],{"class":278},[44,14828,14829],{"class":282},"title",[44,14831,279],{"class":278},[44,14833,1084],{"class":58},[44,14835,290],{"class":278},[44,14837,14838],{"class":282},"Python Basics",[44,14840,279],{"class":278},[44,14842,10886],{"class":58},[44,14844,14845,14847,14850,14852,14854,14857],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14846,10870],{"class":278},[44,14848,14849],{"class":282},"pages",[44,14851,279],{"class":278},[44,14853,1084],{"class":58},[44,14855,14856],{"class":62}," 150",[44,14858,10886],{"class":58},[44,14860,14861,14863,14866,14868,14870],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,14862,10870],{"class":278},[44,14864,14865],{"class":282},"available",[44,14867,279],{"class":278},[44,14869,1084],{"class":58},[44,14871,5799],{"class":871},[44,14873,14874],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,14875,77],{"class":58},[44,14877,14878],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,14879,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,14881,14882,14884,14886,14889],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,14883,106],{"class":105},[44,14885,93],{"class":58},[44,14887,14888],{"class":89},"book",[44,14890,99],{"class":58},[20,14892,14893],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,14895,8780],{"id":8779},[20,14897,14898],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,14900,14901],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,14903,14905],{"className":37,"code":14904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,14906,14907,14915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14908,14909,14911,14913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14910,8544],{"class":50},[44,14912,55],{"class":54},[44,14914,9215],{"class":58},[44,14916,14917,14919,14921,14923],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14918,106],{"class":105},[44,14920,93],{"class":58},[44,14922,8583],{"class":89},[44,14924,99],{"class":58},[35,14926,14927],{"className":37,"code":8783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,14928,14929,14939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14930,14931,14933,14935,14937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14932,8544],{"class":50},[44,14934,55],{"class":54},[44,14936,8549],{"class":909},[44,14938,913],{"class":58},[44,14940,14941,14943,14945,14947],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14942,106],{"class":105},[44,14944,93],{"class":58},[44,14946,8583],{"class":89},[44,14948,99],{"class":58},[20,14950,14951],{},[116,14952,118],{},[35,14954,14955],{"className":37,"code":8812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,14956,14957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14958,14959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14960,8812],{"class":58},[20,14962,14963],{},"Both are correct.",[693,14965,14967],{"id":14966},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,14969,14970,14972,14973,14976],{},[15,14971,3162],{}," creates an empty ",[116,14974,14975],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,14978,14979,14980,86],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,14981,3167],{},[35,14983,14985],{"className":37,"code":14984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,14986,14987,14995,15005,15009,15023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14988,14989,14991,14993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14990,11097],{"class":50},[44,14992,55],{"class":54},[44,14994,9215],{"class":58},[44,14996,14997,14999,15001,15003],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,14998,751],{"class":50},[44,15000,55],{"class":54},[44,15002,910],{"class":909},[44,15004,913],{"class":58},[44,15006,15007],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15008,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,15010,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019,15021],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,15012,106],{"class":105},[44,15014,93],{"class":58},[44,15016,1090],{"class":909},[44,15018,93],{"class":58},[44,15020,10825],{"class":89},[44,15022,973],{"class":58},[44,15024,15025,15027,15029,15031,15033,15035],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15026,106],{"class":105},[44,15028,93],{"class":58},[44,15030,1090],{"class":909},[44,15032,93],{"class":58},[44,15034,206],{"class":89},[44,15036,973],{"class":58},[20,15038,15039],{},[116,15040,118],{},[35,15042,15044],{"className":37,"code":15043,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15045,15046,15060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15047,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15049,2659],{"class":54},[44,15051,2662],{"class":1436},[44,15053,360],{"class":278},[44,15055,8199],{"class":282},[44,15057,351],{"class":278},[44,15059,2671],{"class":54},[44,15061,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15063,2659],{"class":54},[44,15065,2662],{"class":1436},[44,15067,360],{"class":278},[44,15069,1214],{"class":282},[44,15071,351],{"class":278},[44,15073,2671],{"class":54},[30,15075,15077,15078],{"id":15076},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15079,8498],{},[20,15081,15082,15083,15085],{},"You can also use ",[15,15084,8498],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15087,15088],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,15090,15092],{"className":37,"code":15091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15093,15094,15134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15095,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104,15106,15108,15110,15112,15114,15116,15118,15120,15123,15125,15128,15130,15132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15097,12236],{"class":50},[44,15099,55],{"class":54},[44,15101,8549],{"class":909},[44,15103,93],{"class":58},[44,15105,7046],{"class":8554},[44,15107,55],{"class":54},[44,15109,279],{"class":278},[44,15111,12253],{"class":282},[44,15113,279],{"class":278},[44,15115,66],{"class":58},[44,15117,8567],{"class":8554},[44,15119,55],{"class":54},[44,15121,15122],{"class":62},"20",[44,15124,66],{"class":58},[44,15126,15127],{"class":8554}," active",[44,15129,55],{"class":54},[44,15131,987],{"class":871},[44,15133,99],{"class":58},[44,15135,15136,15138,15140,15142],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15137,106],{"class":105},[44,15139,93],{"class":58},[44,15141,12997],{"class":89},[44,15143,99],{"class":58},[20,15145,15146],{},[116,15147,118],{},[35,15149,15151],{"className":37,"code":15150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15152,15153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15154,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187,15190,15192,15194,15196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15156,128],{"class":58},[44,15158,351],{"class":278},[44,15160,7046],{"class":282},[44,15162,351],{"class":278},[44,15164,1084],{"class":58},[44,15166,360],{"class":278},[44,15168,12253],{"class":282},[44,15170,351],{"class":278},[44,15172,66],{"class":58},[44,15174,360],{"class":278},[44,15176,8677],{"class":282},[44,15178,351],{"class":278},[44,15180,1084],{"class":58},[44,15182,7168],{"class":62},[44,15184,66],{"class":58},[44,15186,360],{"class":278},[44,15188,15189],{"class":282},"active",[44,15191,351],{"class":278},[44,15193,1084],{"class":58},[44,15195,3286],{"class":871},[44,15197,77],{"class":58},[20,15199,15200],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[693,15202,15204,15205],{"id":15203},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15206,8498],{},[20,15208,15209],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[165,15211,15212,15215],{},[168,15213,15214],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[168,15216,15217],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15219,6064],{},[35,15221,15223],{"className":37,"code":15222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15224,15225,15255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15226,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15228,10860],{"class":50},[44,15230,55],{"class":54},[44,15232,8549],{"class":909},[44,15234,93],{"class":58},[44,15236,7046],{"class":8554},[44,15238,55],{"class":54},[44,15240,279],{"class":278},[44,15242,7055],{"class":282},[44,15244,279],{"class":278},[44,15246,66],{"class":58},[44,15248,8567],{"class":8554},[44,15250,55],{"class":54},[44,15252,8572],{"class":62},[44,15254,99],{"class":58},[44,15256,15257,15259,15261,15263],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15258,106],{"class":105},[44,15260,93],{"class":58},[44,15262,10954],{"class":89},[44,15264,99],{"class":58},[20,15266,4001,15267,15269],{},[116,15268,736],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,15271,15273],{"className":37,"code":15272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15274,15275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15276,15277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15278,15272],{"class":3034},[20,15280,15281],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15283,15284],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,15286,15288],{"className":37,"code":15287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15289,15290,15298,15314,15318,15322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15291,15292,15294,15296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15293,10860],{"class":50},[44,15295,55],{"class":54},[44,15297,10865],{"class":58},[44,15299,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15301,10870],{"class":278},[44,15303,9872],{"class":282},[44,15305,279],{"class":278},[44,15307,1084],{"class":58},[44,15309,290],{"class":278},[44,15311,7055],{"class":282},[44,15313,2727],{"class":278},[44,15315,15316],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15317,77],{"class":58},[44,15319,15320],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,15321,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,15323,15324,15326,15328,15330],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15325,106],{"class":105},[44,15327,93],{"class":58},[44,15329,10954],{"class":89},[44,15331,99],{"class":58},[30,15333,8822],{"id":8821},[20,15335,15336,15338],{},[15,15337,8498],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15340,15341],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,15343,15345],{"className":37,"code":15344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15346,15347,15404,15408,15422,15426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15348,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15400,15402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15350,8594],{"class":50},[44,15352,55],{"class":54},[44,15354,8599],{"class":58},[44,15356,279],{"class":278},[44,15358,7046],{"class":282},[44,15360,279],{"class":278},[44,15362,66],{"class":58},[44,15364,290],{"class":278},[44,15366,12253],{"class":282},[44,15368,279],{"class":278},[44,15370,8612],{"class":58},[44,15372,8615],{"class":58},[44,15374,279],{"class":278},[44,15376,8677],{"class":282},[44,15378,279],{"class":278},[44,15380,66],{"class":58},[44,15382,7168],{"class":62},[44,15384,8612],{"class":58},[44,15386,8615],{"class":58},[44,15388,279],{"class":278},[44,15390,9786],{"class":282},[44,15392,279],{"class":278},[44,15394,66],{"class":58},[44,15396,290],{"class":278},[44,15398,15399],{"class":282},"Lima",[44,15401,279],{"class":278},[44,15403,8628],{"class":58},[44,15405,15406],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15407,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,15409,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15411,12236],{"class":50},[44,15413,55],{"class":54},[44,15415,8549],{"class":909},[44,15417,93],{"class":58},[44,15419,8641],{"class":89},[44,15421,99],{"class":58},[44,15423,15424],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,15425,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,15427,15428,15430,15432,15434],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15429,106],{"class":105},[44,15431,93],{"class":58},[44,15433,12997],{"class":89},[44,15435,99],{"class":58},[20,15437,15438],{},[116,15439,118],{},[35,15441,15443],{"className":37,"code":15442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15444,15445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15446,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15448,128],{"class":58},[44,15450,351],{"class":278},[44,15452,7046],{"class":282},[44,15454,351],{"class":278},[44,15456,1084],{"class":58},[44,15458,360],{"class":278},[44,15460,12253],{"class":282},[44,15462,351],{"class":278},[44,15464,66],{"class":58},[44,15466,360],{"class":278},[44,15468,8677],{"class":282},[44,15470,351],{"class":278},[44,15472,1084],{"class":58},[44,15474,7168],{"class":62},[44,15476,66],{"class":58},[44,15478,360],{"class":278},[44,15480,9786],{"class":282},[44,15482,351],{"class":278},[44,15484,1084],{"class":58},[44,15486,360],{"class":278},[44,15488,15399],{"class":282},[44,15490,351],{"class":278},[44,15492,77],{"class":58},[20,15494,15495],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,15497,15499],{"className":37,"code":15498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15500,15501,15542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15502,15503,15505,15507,15509,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15504,12236],{"class":50},[44,15506,55],{"class":54},[44,15508,8549],{"class":909},[44,15510,15511],{"class":58},"(((",[44,15513,279],{"class":278},[44,15515,7046],{"class":282},[44,15517,279],{"class":278},[44,15519,66],{"class":58},[44,15521,290],{"class":278},[44,15523,12253],{"class":282},[44,15525,279],{"class":278},[44,15527,8612],{"class":58},[44,15529,8615],{"class":58},[44,15531,279],{"class":278},[44,15533,8677],{"class":282},[44,15535,279],{"class":278},[44,15537,66],{"class":58},[44,15539,7168],{"class":62},[44,15541,2282],{"class":58},[44,15543,15544,15546,15548,15550],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15545,106],{"class":105},[44,15547,93],{"class":58},[44,15549,12997],{"class":89},[44,15551,99],{"class":58},[20,15553,15554],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,15556,15558],{"id":15557},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15560,15561],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[165,15563,15564,15567,15570,15573],{},[168,15565,15566],{},"Keys must be unique",[168,15568,15569],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[168,15571,15572],{},"Values can repeat",[168,15574,15575],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[693,15577,15579],{"id":15578},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,15581,15583],{"className":37,"code":15582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15584,15585,15593,15611,15628,15632,15636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15586,15587,15589,15591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15588,8544],{"class":50},[44,15590,55],{"class":54},[44,15592,10865],{"class":58},[44,15594,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15596,10870],{"class":278},[44,15598,7046],{"class":282},[44,15600,279],{"class":278},[44,15602,1084],{"class":58},[44,15604,290],{"class":278},[44,15606,12253],{"class":282},[44,15608,279],{"class":278},[44,15610,10886],{"class":58},[44,15612,15613,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15626],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15614,10870],{"class":278},[44,15616,7046],{"class":282},[44,15618,279],{"class":278},[44,15620,1084],{"class":58},[44,15622,290],{"class":278},[44,15624,15625],{"class":282},"Maria",[44,15627,2727],{"class":278},[44,15629,15630],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,15631,77],{"class":58},[44,15633,15634],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15635,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,15637,15638,15640,15642,15644],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,15639,106],{"class":105},[44,15641,93],{"class":58},[44,15643,8583],{"class":89},[44,15645,99],{"class":58},[20,15647,15648],{},[116,15649,118],{},[35,15651,15653],{"className":37,"code":15652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15654,15655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15656,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15658,128],{"class":58},[44,15660,351],{"class":278},[44,15662,7046],{"class":282},[44,15664,351],{"class":278},[44,15666,1084],{"class":58},[44,15668,360],{"class":278},[44,15670,15625],{"class":282},[44,15672,351],{"class":278},[44,15674,77],{"class":58},[20,15676,15677],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[693,15679,15681],{"id":15680},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,15683,15685],{"className":37,"code":15684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15686,15687,15695,15711,15727,15741,15745,15749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15688,15689,15691,15693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15690,4437],{"class":50},[44,15692,55],{"class":54},[44,15694,10865],{"class":58},[44,15696,15697,15700,15702,15704,15707,15709],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15698,15699],{"class":62},"    1",[44,15701,1084],{"class":58},[44,15703,290],{"class":278},[44,15705,15706],{"class":282},"low",[44,15708,279],{"class":278},[44,15710,10886],{"class":58},[44,15712,15713,15716,15718,15720,15723,15725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15714,15715],{"class":62},"    2",[44,15717,1084],{"class":58},[44,15719,290],{"class":278},[44,15721,15722],{"class":282},"medium",[44,15724,279],{"class":278},[44,15726,10886],{"class":58},[44,15728,15729,15732,15734,15736,15739],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,15730,15731],{"class":62},"    3",[44,15733,1084],{"class":58},[44,15735,290],{"class":278},[44,15737,15738],{"class":282},"high",[44,15740,2727],{"class":278},[44,15742,15743],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15744,77],{"class":58},[44,15746,15747],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,15748,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,15750,15751,15753,15755,15758],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,15752,106],{"class":105},[44,15754,93],{"class":58},[44,15756,15757],{"class":89},"scores",[44,15759,99],{"class":58},[693,15761,15763],{"id":15762},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15765,15766],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15768,15769],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,15771,15773],{"className":37,"code":15772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15774,15775,15780,15785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15776,15777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15778,15779],{"class":3034},"# bad = {\n",[44,15781,15782],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15783,15784],{"class":3034},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,15786,15787],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15788,15789],{"class":3034},"# }\n",[20,15791,15792],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,15794,15796],{"className":37,"code":15795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15797,15798,15807,15827,15831,15835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15799,15800,15803,15805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15801,15802],{"class":50},"good ",[44,15804,55],{"class":54},[44,15806,10865],{"class":58},[44,15808,15809,15812,15814,15816,15818,15821,15823,15825],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15810,15811],{"class":58},"    (",[44,15813,63],{"class":62},[44,15815,66],{"class":58},[44,15817,69],{"class":62},[44,15819,15820],{"class":58},"):",[44,15822,290],{"class":278},[44,15824,83],{"class":282},[44,15826,2727],{"class":278},[44,15828,15829],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15830,77],{"class":58},[44,15832,15833],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,15834,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,15836,15837,15839,15841,15844],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15838,106],{"class":105},[44,15840,93],{"class":58},[44,15842,15843],{"class":89},"good",[44,15845,99],{"class":58},[30,15847,15849],{"id":15848},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,15851,15852],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,15854,15855],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[165,15857,15858,15861,15863,15866],{},[168,15859,15860],{},"user data",[168,15862,13256],{},[168,15864,15865],{},"counters",[168,15867,15868],{},"lookups",[20,15870,894],{},[35,15872,15874],{"className":37,"code":15873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,15875,15876,15884,15903,15922,15934,15938,15942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15877,15878,15880,15882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15879,10860],{"class":50},[44,15881,55],{"class":54},[44,15883,10865],{"class":58},[44,15885,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15899,15901],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,15887,10870],{"class":278},[44,15889,7363],{"class":282},[44,15891,279],{"class":278},[44,15893,1084],{"class":58},[44,15895,290],{"class":278},[44,15897,15898],{"class":282},"ana123",[44,15900,279],{"class":278},[44,15902,10886],{"class":58},[44,15904,15905,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15918,15920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15906,10870],{"class":278},[44,15908,14629],{"class":282},[44,15910,279],{"class":278},[44,15912,1084],{"class":58},[44,15914,290],{"class":278},[44,15916,15917],{"class":282},"ana@example.com",[44,15919,279],{"class":278},[44,15921,10886],{"class":58},[44,15923,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,15925,10870],{"class":278},[44,15927,11887],{"class":282},[44,15929,279],{"class":278},[44,15931,1084],{"class":58},[44,15933,5799],{"class":871},[44,15935,15936],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15937,77],{"class":58},[44,15939,15940],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,15941,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,15943,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956,15958],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,15945,106],{"class":105},[44,15947,93],{"class":58},[44,15949,10954],{"class":89},[44,15951,3270],{"class":58},[44,15953,279],{"class":278},[44,15955,14629],{"class":282},[44,15957,279],{"class":278},[44,15959,677],{"class":58},[20,15961,15962,15963,86],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[184,15964,15966],{"href":15965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,15968,15969],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[165,15971,15972,15975,15978],{},[168,15973,15974],{},"labels are not needed",[168,15976,15977],{},"you mostly care about position",[168,15979,15980],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,15982,1113],{"id":1112},[20,15984,15985],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[165,15987,15988,15991,15994,15997,16000],{},[168,15989,15990],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[168,15992,15993],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[168,15995,15996],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[168,15998,15999],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[168,16001,16002,16003,16005],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16004,3162],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[693,16007,16009],{"id":16008},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16011,16012],{},"Wrong:",[35,16014,16016],{"className":37,"code":16015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16017,16018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16019,16020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16021,16015],{"class":3034},[20,16023,16024],{},"Correct:",[35,16026,16028],{"className":37,"code":16027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16029,16030,16054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16031,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16033,12236],{"class":50},[44,16035,55],{"class":54},[44,16037,59],{"class":58},[44,16039,279],{"class":278},[44,16041,7046],{"class":282},[44,16043,279],{"class":278},[44,16045,1084],{"class":58},[44,16047,290],{"class":278},[44,16049,12253],{"class":282},[44,16051,279],{"class":278},[44,16053,77],{"class":58},[44,16055,16056,16058,16060,16062],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16057,106],{"class":105},[44,16059,93],{"class":58},[44,16061,12997],{"class":89},[44,16063,99],{"class":58},[693,16065,16067],{"id":16066},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16069,16012],{},[35,16071,16073],{"className":37,"code":16072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16074,16075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16076,16077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16078,16072],{"class":3034},[20,16080,16081,16082,16084,16085,16087],{},"This only works if ",[15,16083,7046],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16086,14610],{},", use quotes.",[20,16089,16024],{},[35,16091,16092],{"className":37,"code":16027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16093,16094,16118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16095,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16097,12236],{"class":50},[44,16099,55],{"class":54},[44,16101,59],{"class":58},[44,16103,279],{"class":278},[44,16105,7046],{"class":282},[44,16107,279],{"class":278},[44,16109,1084],{"class":58},[44,16111,290],{"class":278},[44,16113,12253],{"class":282},[44,16115,279],{"class":278},[44,16117,77],{"class":58},[44,16119,16120,16122,16124,16126],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16121,106],{"class":105},[44,16123,93],{"class":58},[44,16125,12997],{"class":89},[44,16127,99],{"class":58},[693,16129,16131],{"id":16130},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,16133,16135],{"className":37,"code":16134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16136,16137,16169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16138,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16140,8544],{"class":50},[44,16142,55],{"class":54},[44,16144,59],{"class":58},[44,16146,279],{"class":278},[44,16148,8677],{"class":282},[44,16150,279],{"class":278},[44,16152,1084],{"class":58},[44,16154,7168],{"class":62},[44,16156,66],{"class":58},[44,16158,290],{"class":278},[44,16160,8677],{"class":282},[44,16162,279],{"class":278},[44,16164,1084],{"class":58},[44,16166,7173],{"class":62},[44,16168,77],{"class":58},[44,16170,16171,16173,16175,16177],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16172,106],{"class":105},[44,16174,93],{"class":58},[44,16176,8583],{"class":89},[44,16178,99],{"class":58},[20,16180,16181],{},[116,16182,118],{},[35,16184,16186],{"className":37,"code":16185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16187,16188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16189,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16191,128],{"class":58},[44,16193,351],{"class":278},[44,16195,8677],{"class":282},[44,16197,351],{"class":278},[44,16199,1084],{"class":58},[44,16201,7173],{"class":62},[44,16203,77],{"class":58},[30,16205,16207],{"id":16206},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16209,16210],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,16212,16214],{"className":37,"code":16213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16215,16216,16252,16256,16266,16280,16295,16309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16217,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16219,11097],{"class":50},[44,16221,55],{"class":54},[44,16223,59],{"class":58},[44,16225,279],{"class":278},[44,16227,7046],{"class":282},[44,16229,279],{"class":278},[44,16231,1084],{"class":58},[44,16233,290],{"class":278},[44,16235,12253],{"class":282},[44,16237,279],{"class":278},[44,16239,66],{"class":58},[44,16241,290],{"class":278},[44,16243,8677],{"class":282},[44,16245,279],{"class":278},[44,16247,1084],{"class":58},[44,16249,7168],{"class":62},[44,16251,77],{"class":58},[44,16253,16254],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16255,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,16257,16258,16260,16262,16264],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16259,106],{"class":105},[44,16261,93],{"class":58},[44,16263,10825],{"class":89},[44,16265,99],{"class":58},[44,16267,16268,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,16269,106],{"class":105},[44,16271,93],{"class":58},[44,16273,1090],{"class":909},[44,16275,93],{"class":58},[44,16277,10825],{"class":89},[44,16279,973],{"class":58},[44,16281,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16293],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,16283,106],{"class":105},[44,16285,93],{"class":58},[44,16287,10825],{"class":89},[44,16289,86],{"class":58},[44,16291,16292],{"class":89},"keys",[44,16294,6571],{"class":58},[44,16296,16297,16299,16301,16303,16305,16307],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,16298,106],{"class":105},[44,16300,93],{"class":58},[44,16302,10825],{"class":89},[44,16304,86],{"class":58},[44,16306,4734],{"class":89},[44,16308,6571],{"class":58},[44,16310,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,16312,106],{"class":105},[44,16314,93],{"class":58},[44,16316,10537],{"class":105},[44,16318,93],{"class":58},[44,16320,10825],{"class":89},[44,16322,973],{"class":58},[20,16324,16325],{},[116,16326,16327],{},"Example output:",[35,16329,16331],{"className":37,"code":16330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16332,16333,16365,16379,16402,16421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16334,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16336,128],{"class":58},[44,16338,351],{"class":278},[44,16340,7046],{"class":282},[44,16342,351],{"class":278},[44,16344,1084],{"class":58},[44,16346,360],{"class":278},[44,16348,12253],{"class":282},[44,16350,351],{"class":278},[44,16352,66],{"class":58},[44,16354,360],{"class":278},[44,16356,8677],{"class":282},[44,16358,351],{"class":278},[44,16360,1084],{"class":58},[44,16362,7168],{"class":62},[44,16364,77],{"class":58},[44,16366,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16368,2659],{"class":54},[44,16370,2662],{"class":1436},[44,16372,360],{"class":278},[44,16374,8199],{"class":282},[44,16376,351],{"class":278},[44,16378,2671],{"class":54},[44,16380,16381,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16382,16383],{"class":89},"dict_keys",[44,16385,650],{"class":58},[44,16387,351],{"class":278},[44,16389,7046],{"class":282},[44,16391,351],{"class":278},[44,16393,66],{"class":58},[44,16395,360],{"class":278},[44,16397,8677],{"class":282},[44,16399,351],{"class":278},[44,16401,677],{"class":58},[44,16403,16404,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,16405,16406],{"class":89},"dict_values",[44,16408,650],{"class":58},[44,16410,351],{"class":278},[44,16412,12253],{"class":282},[44,16414,351],{"class":278},[44,16416,66],{"class":58},[44,16418,7168],{"class":62},[44,16420,677],{"class":58},[44,16422,16423],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,16424,16425],{"class":62},"2\n",[20,16427,16428,16429,1561,16435,16441,16442,86],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[184,16430,10113,16432],{"href":16431},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16433,16434],{},"keys()",[184,16436,10113,16438],{"href":16437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16439,16440],{},"values()",", and ",[184,16443,10113,16445],{"href":16444},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16446,16447],{},"items()",[30,16449,1235],{"id":1234},[693,16451,16453],{"id":16452},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16455,148,16456,188,16458,16460],{},[15,16457,3162],{},[15,16459,8498],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[693,16462,16464],{"id":16463},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16466,16467,16468,86],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16469,16470],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[693,16472,16474],{"id":16473},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16476,16477],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[693,16479,16481],{"id":16480},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16483,16484],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[693,16486,4554,16488,3766,16490,1863],{"id":16487},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16489,3162],{},[15,16491,8498],{},[20,16493,16494,16496,16497,16499],{},[15,16495,3162],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16498,8498],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,16501,1279],{"id":1278},[165,16503,16504,16508,16514,16518,16524],{},[168,16505,16506],{},[184,16507,8534],{"href":8533},[168,16509,16510],{},[184,16511,10113,16512,718],{"href":10112},[15,16513,10116],{},[168,16515,16516],{},[184,16517,10627],{"href":10107},[168,16519,16520],{},[184,16521,16523],{"href":16522},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[168,16525,16526],{},[184,16527,10638],{"href":10450},[20,16529,16530],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1304,16532,16533],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":16535},[16536,16537,16538,16539,16542,16545,16550,16551,16556,16557,16562,16563,16571],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":14532,"depth":80,"text":14533},{"id":14550,"depth":80,"text":14538},{"id":14635,"depth":80,"text":14636,"children":16540},[16541],{"id":14787,"depth":102,"text":14788},{"id":8779,"depth":80,"text":8780,"children":16543},[16544],{"id":14966,"depth":102,"text":14967},{"id":15076,"depth":80,"text":16546,"children":16547},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16548],{"id":15203,"depth":102,"text":16549},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8821,"depth":80,"text":8822},{"id":15557,"depth":80,"text":15558,"children":16552},[16553,16554,16555],{"id":15578,"depth":102,"text":15579},{"id":15680,"depth":102,"text":15681},{"id":15762,"depth":102,"text":15763},{"id":15848,"depth":80,"text":15849},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":16558},[16559,16560,16561],{"id":16008,"depth":102,"text":16009},{"id":16066,"depth":102,"text":16067},{"id":16130,"depth":102,"text":16131},{"id":16206,"depth":80,"text":16207},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":16564},[16565,16566,16567,16568,16569],{"id":16452,"depth":102,"text":16453},{"id":16463,"depth":102,"text":16464},{"id":16473,"depth":102,"text":16474},{"id":16480,"depth":102,"text":16481},{"id":16487,"depth":102,"text":16570},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14375,"description":16572},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16578,"title":16579,"body":16580,"description":19026,"extension":1334,"meta":19027,"navigation":322,"path":19028,"seo":19029,"stem":19030,"__hash__":19031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16581,"toc":18982},[16582,16588,16594,16597,16600,16602,16684,16690,16695,16699,16717,16729,16734,16738,16761,16765,16777,16785,16787,16793,16795,16798,16871,16873,16918,16920,16937,16942,16948,16953,17027,17029,17074,17077,17088,17090,17209,17211,17264,17271,17275,17278,17295,17301,17305,17403,17405,17457,17464,17468,17474,17477,17480,17507,17512,17516,17519,17623,17625,17670,17673,17676,17681,17686,17697,17699,17760,17820,17826,17834,17840,17845,17850,17910,17914,17981,17984,17988,18059,18062,18075,18082,18084,18088,18092,18162,18164,18201,18204,18207,18270,18277,18280,18322,18332,18335,18404,18410,18415,18499,18501,18550,18557,18563,18608,18610,18643,18648,18652,18658,18697,18741,18809,18852,18854,18860,18863,18867,18872,18876,18879,18883,18885,18946,18948,18974,18979],[10,16583,10694,16585,18],{"id":16584},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16586,16587],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16589,16590,16593],{},[15,16591,16592],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16595,16596],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16598,16599],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,16601,33],{"id":32},[35,16603,16605],{"className":37,"code":16604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16606,16607,16640,16668,16679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16608,16609,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16610,16611],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,16613,55],{"class":54},[44,16615,2992],{"class":58},[44,16617,279],{"class":278},[44,16619,7046],{"class":282},[44,16621,279],{"class":278},[44,16623,66],{"class":58},[44,16625,290],{"class":278},[44,16627,8677],{"class":282},[44,16629,279],{"class":278},[44,16631,66],{"class":58},[44,16633,290],{"class":278},[44,16635,9786],{"class":282},[44,16637,279],{"class":278},[44,16639,3005],{"class":58},[44,16641,16642,16644,16646,16648,16650,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16664,16666],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16643,12575],{"class":50},[44,16645,55],{"class":54},[44,16647,8549],{"class":909},[44,16649,86],{"class":58},[44,16651,16652],{"class":89},"fromkeys",[44,16654,93],{"class":58},[44,16656,16292],{"class":89},[44,16658,66],{"class":58},[44,16660,290],{"class":278},[44,16662,16663],{"class":282},"unknown",[44,16665,279],{"class":278},[44,16667,99],{"class":58},[44,16669,16670,16672,16674,16677],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16671,106],{"class":105},[44,16673,93],{"class":58},[44,16675,16676],{"class":89},"person",[44,16678,99],{"class":58},[44,16680,16681],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,16682,16683],{"class":3034},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16685,148,16686,16689],{},[15,16687,16688],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,16691,155,16693,158],{"id":16692},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16694,16592],{},[20,16696,16697,1084],{},[15,16698,16592],{},[165,16700,16701,16704,16707,16710],{},[168,16702,16703],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[168,16705,16706],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[168,16708,16709],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[168,16711,16712,16713,16716],{},"Is called as ",[15,16714,16715],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16718,16719,16720,16722,16723,16725,16726,86],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16721,8199],{},", so you write ",[15,16724,16715],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16727,16728],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16730,16731,16732,86],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[184,16733,8534],{"href":12396},[30,16735,16737],{"id":16736},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,16739,16741],{"className":37,"code":16740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16742,16743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16744,16745,16747,16749,16751,16753,16755,16757,16759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16746,8199],{"class":909},[44,16748,86],{"class":58},[44,16750,16652],{"class":89},[44,16752,93],{"class":58},[44,16754,3091],{"class":89},[44,16756,66],{"class":58},[44,16758,7811],{"class":89},[44,16760,99],{"class":58},[693,16762,16764],{"id":16763},"parameters","Parameters",[165,16766,16767,16772],{},[168,16768,16769,16771],{},[15,16770,3091],{},": the keys to use",[168,16773,16774,16776],{},[15,16775,1188],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16778,16779,16780,16782,16783,86],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16781,1188],{},", each key gets ",[15,16784,730],{},[693,16786,722],{"id":721},[20,16788,16789,16790,86],{},"It returns a ",[116,16791,16792],{},"new dictionary",[30,16794,5163],{"id":5162},[20,16796,16797],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,16799,16801],{"className":37,"code":16800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16802,16803,16835,16857,16861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16804,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829,16831,16833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16806,16611],{"class":50},[44,16808,55],{"class":54},[44,16810,2992],{"class":58},[44,16812,279],{"class":278},[44,16814,283],{"class":282},[44,16816,279],{"class":278},[44,16818,66],{"class":58},[44,16820,290],{"class":278},[44,16822,313],{"class":282},[44,16824,279],{"class":278},[44,16826,66],{"class":58},[44,16828,290],{"class":278},[44,16830,293],{"class":282},[44,16832,279],{"class":278},[44,16834,3005],{"class":58},[44,16836,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16838,271],{"class":50},[44,16840,55],{"class":54},[44,16842,8549],{"class":909},[44,16844,86],{"class":58},[44,16846,16652],{"class":89},[44,16848,93],{"class":58},[44,16850,16292],{"class":89},[44,16852,66],{"class":58},[44,16854,3204],{"class":62},[44,16856,99],{"class":58},[44,16858,16859],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16860,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,16862,16863,16865,16867,16869],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,16864,106],{"class":105},[44,16866,93],{"class":58},[44,16868,302],{"class":89},[44,16870,99],{"class":58},[20,16872,118],{},[35,16874,16876],{"className":37,"code":16875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,16877,16878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16879,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16881,128],{"class":58},[44,16883,351],{"class":278},[44,16885,283],{"class":282},[44,16887,351],{"class":278},[44,16889,1084],{"class":58},[44,16891,3204],{"class":62},[44,16893,66],{"class":58},[44,16895,360],{"class":278},[44,16897,313],{"class":282},[44,16899,351],{"class":278},[44,16901,1084],{"class":58},[44,16903,3204],{"class":62},[44,16905,66],{"class":58},[44,16907,360],{"class":278},[44,16909,293],{"class":282},[44,16911,351],{"class":278},[44,16913,1084],{"class":58},[44,16915,3204],{"class":62},[44,16917,77],{"class":58},[20,16919,11056],{},[165,16921,16922,16927,16932],{},[168,16923,16924,16926],{},[15,16925,16292],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[168,16928,16929,16931],{},[15,16930,1491],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[168,16933,16934,16936],{},[15,16935,16592],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,16938,16939,16940,86],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[184,16941,8769],{"href":12399},[30,16943,1123,16945,16947],{"id":16944},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,16946,16587],{}," without a value",[20,16949,16950,16951,86],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,16952,730],{},[35,16954,16956],{"className":37,"code":16955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,16957,16958,16992,17012,17016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16959,16960,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16988,16990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16961,16962],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,16964,55],{"class":54},[44,16966,2992],{"class":58},[44,16968,279],{"class":278},[44,16970,7363],{"class":282},[44,16972,279],{"class":278},[44,16974,66],{"class":58},[44,16976,290],{"class":278},[44,16978,14629],{"class":282},[44,16980,279],{"class":278},[44,16982,66],{"class":58},[44,16984,290],{"class":278},[44,16986,16987],{"class":282},"password",[44,16989,279],{"class":278},[44,16991,3005],{"class":58},[44,16993,16994,16997,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007,17010],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,16995,16996],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,16998,55],{"class":54},[44,17000,8549],{"class":909},[44,17002,86],{"class":58},[44,17004,16652],{"class":89},[44,17006,93],{"class":58},[44,17008,17009],{"class":89},"fields",[44,17011,99],{"class":58},[44,17013,17014],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17015,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,17017,17018,17020,17022,17025],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,17019,106],{"class":105},[44,17021,93],{"class":58},[44,17023,17024],{"class":89},"user_data",[44,17026,99],{"class":58},[20,17028,118],{},[35,17030,17032],{"className":37,"code":17031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17033,17034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17035,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070,17072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17037,128],{"class":58},[44,17039,351],{"class":278},[44,17041,7363],{"class":282},[44,17043,351],{"class":278},[44,17045,1084],{"class":58},[44,17047,3222],{"class":871},[44,17049,66],{"class":58},[44,17051,360],{"class":278},[44,17053,14629],{"class":282},[44,17055,351],{"class":278},[44,17057,1084],{"class":58},[44,17059,3222],{"class":871},[44,17061,66],{"class":58},[44,17063,360],{"class":278},[44,17065,16987],{"class":282},[44,17067,351],{"class":278},[44,17069,1084],{"class":58},[44,17071,3222],{"class":871},[44,17073,77],{"class":58},[20,17075,17076],{},"This is useful when:",[165,17078,17079,17082,17085],{},[168,17080,17081],{},"You want to create the keys first",[168,17083,17084],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[168,17086,17087],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17089,894],{},[35,17091,17093],{"className":37,"code":17092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17094,17095,17127,17145,17149,17172,17195,17199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17096,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17098,16962],{"class":50},[44,17100,55],{"class":54},[44,17102,2992],{"class":58},[44,17104,279],{"class":278},[44,17106,7363],{"class":282},[44,17108,279],{"class":278},[44,17110,66],{"class":58},[44,17112,290],{"class":278},[44,17114,14629],{"class":282},[44,17116,279],{"class":278},[44,17118,66],{"class":58},[44,17120,290],{"class":278},[44,17122,16987],{"class":282},[44,17124,279],{"class":278},[44,17126,3005],{"class":58},[44,17128,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17130,16996],{"class":50},[44,17132,55],{"class":54},[44,17134,8549],{"class":909},[44,17136,86],{"class":58},[44,17138,16652],{"class":89},[44,17140,93],{"class":58},[44,17142,17009],{"class":89},[44,17144,99],{"class":58},[44,17146,17147],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17148,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,17150,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17170],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,17152,17024],{"class":50},[44,17154,3270],{"class":58},[44,17156,279],{"class":278},[44,17158,7363],{"class":282},[44,17160,279],{"class":278},[44,17162,12644],{"class":58},[44,17164,12647],{"class":54},[44,17166,290],{"class":278},[44,17168,17169],{"class":282},"alice",[44,17171,2727],{"class":278},[44,17173,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17193],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,17175,17024],{"class":50},[44,17177,3270],{"class":58},[44,17179,279],{"class":278},[44,17181,14629],{"class":282},[44,17183,279],{"class":278},[44,17185,12644],{"class":58},[44,17187,12647],{"class":54},[44,17189,290],{"class":278},[44,17191,17192],{"class":282},"alice@example.com",[44,17194,2727],{"class":278},[44,17196,17197],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,17198,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,17200,17201,17203,17205,17207],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,17202,106],{"class":105},[44,17204,93],{"class":58},[44,17206,17024],{"class":89},[44,17208,99],{"class":58},[20,17210,118],{},[35,17212,17214],{"className":37,"code":17213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17215,17216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17217,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17219,128],{"class":58},[44,17221,351],{"class":278},[44,17223,7363],{"class":282},[44,17225,351],{"class":278},[44,17227,1084],{"class":58},[44,17229,360],{"class":278},[44,17231,17169],{"class":282},[44,17233,351],{"class":278},[44,17235,66],{"class":58},[44,17237,360],{"class":278},[44,17239,14629],{"class":282},[44,17241,351],{"class":278},[44,17243,1084],{"class":58},[44,17245,360],{"class":278},[44,17247,17192],{"class":282},[44,17249,351],{"class":278},[44,17251,66],{"class":58},[44,17253,360],{"class":278},[44,17255,16987],{"class":282},[44,17257,351],{"class":278},[44,17259,1084],{"class":58},[44,17261,3222],{"class":871},[44,17263,77],{"class":58},[20,17265,17266,17267,86],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[184,17268,17270],{"href":17269},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,17272,17274],{"id":17273},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17276,17277],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[165,17279,17280,17285,17290],{},[168,17281,17282,17284],{},[15,17283,3157],{}," (list)",[168,17286,17287,17289],{},[15,17288,3162],{}," (dictionary)",[168,17291,17292,17294],{},[15,17293,3167],{}," (set)",[20,17296,17297,17298,86],{},"All keys will point to the ",[116,17299,17300],{},"same object",[693,17302,17304],{"id":17303},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,17306,17308],{"className":37,"code":17307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17309,17310,17342,17363,17367,17389,17393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17311,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334,17336,17338,17340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17313,16611],{"class":50},[44,17315,55],{"class":54},[44,17317,2992],{"class":58},[44,17319,279],{"class":278},[44,17321,184],{"class":282},[44,17323,279],{"class":278},[44,17325,66],{"class":58},[44,17327,290],{"class":278},[44,17329,563],{"class":282},[44,17331,279],{"class":278},[44,17333,66],{"class":58},[44,17335,290],{"class":278},[44,17337,583],{"class":282},[44,17339,279],{"class":278},[44,17341,3005],{"class":58},[44,17343,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17345,8544],{"class":50},[44,17347,55],{"class":54},[44,17349,8549],{"class":909},[44,17351,86],{"class":58},[44,17353,16652],{"class":89},[44,17355,93],{"class":58},[44,17357,16292],{"class":89},[44,17359,66],{"class":58},[44,17361,17362],{"class":58}," [])\n",[44,17364,17365],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17366,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,17368,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383,17385,17387],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,17370,8583],{"class":50},[44,17372,3270],{"class":58},[44,17374,279],{"class":278},[44,17376,184],{"class":282},[44,17378,279],{"class":278},[44,17380,12921],{"class":58},[44,17382,12924],{"class":89},[44,17384,93],{"class":58},[44,17386,63],{"class":62},[44,17388,99],{"class":58},[44,17390,17391],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,17392,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,17394,17395,17397,17399,17401],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,17396,106],{"class":105},[44,17398,93],{"class":58},[44,17400,8583],{"class":89},[44,17402,99],{"class":58},[20,17404,118],{},[35,17406,17408],{"className":37,"code":17407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17409,17410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17411,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17413,128],{"class":58},[44,17415,351],{"class":278},[44,17417,184],{"class":282},[44,17419,351],{"class":278},[44,17421,1084],{"class":58},[44,17423,2992],{"class":58},[44,17425,63],{"class":62},[44,17427,17428],{"class":58},"],",[44,17430,360],{"class":278},[44,17432,563],{"class":282},[44,17434,351],{"class":278},[44,17436,1084],{"class":58},[44,17438,2992],{"class":58},[44,17440,63],{"class":62},[44,17442,17428],{"class":58},[44,17444,360],{"class":278},[44,17446,583],{"class":282},[44,17448,351],{"class":278},[44,17450,1084],{"class":58},[44,17452,2992],{"class":58},[44,17454,63],{"class":62},[44,17456,13077],{"class":58},[20,17458,17459,17460,17463],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17461,17462],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[693,17465,17467],{"id":17466},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17469,17470,17473],{},[15,17471,17472],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17475,17476],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17478,17479],{},"So this:",[35,17481,17483],{"className":37,"code":17482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17484,17485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17486,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17488,8583],{"class":50},[44,17490,3270],{"class":58},[44,17492,279],{"class":278},[44,17494,184],{"class":282},[44,17496,279],{"class":278},[44,17498,12921],{"class":58},[44,17500,12924],{"class":89},[44,17502,93],{"class":58},[44,17504,63],{"class":62},[44,17506,99],{"class":58},[20,17508,17509,17510,86],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17511,17462],{},[693,17513,17515],{"id":17514},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17517,17518],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,17520,17522],{"className":37,"code":17521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17523,17524,17556,17583,17587,17609,17613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17525,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17527,16611],{"class":50},[44,17529,55],{"class":54},[44,17531,2992],{"class":58},[44,17533,279],{"class":278},[44,17535,184],{"class":282},[44,17537,279],{"class":278},[44,17539,66],{"class":58},[44,17541,290],{"class":278},[44,17543,563],{"class":282},[44,17545,279],{"class":278},[44,17547,66],{"class":58},[44,17549,290],{"class":278},[44,17551,583],{"class":282},[44,17553,279],{"class":278},[44,17555,3005],{"class":58},[44,17557,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17571,17573,17576,17578,17581],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17559,8544],{"class":50},[44,17561,55],{"class":54},[44,17563,59],{"class":58},[44,17565,14212],{"class":50},[44,17567,1084],{"class":58},[44,17569,17570],{"class":58}," []",[44,17572,3247],{"class":3246},[44,17574,17575],{"class":50}," key ",[44,17577,3253],{"class":3246},[44,17579,17580],{"class":50}," keys",[44,17582,77],{"class":58},[44,17584,17585],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17586,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,17588,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,17590,8583],{"class":50},[44,17592,3270],{"class":58},[44,17594,279],{"class":278},[44,17596,184],{"class":282},[44,17598,279],{"class":278},[44,17600,12921],{"class":58},[44,17602,12924],{"class":89},[44,17604,93],{"class":58},[44,17606,63],{"class":62},[44,17608,99],{"class":58},[44,17610,17611],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,17612,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,17614,17615,17617,17619,17621],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,17616,106],{"class":105},[44,17618,93],{"class":58},[44,17620,8583],{"class":89},[44,17622,99],{"class":58},[20,17624,118],{},[35,17626,17628],{"className":37,"code":17627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17629,17630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17631,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17633,128],{"class":58},[44,17635,351],{"class":278},[44,17637,184],{"class":282},[44,17639,351],{"class":278},[44,17641,1084],{"class":58},[44,17643,2992],{"class":58},[44,17645,63],{"class":62},[44,17647,17428],{"class":58},[44,17649,360],{"class":278},[44,17651,563],{"class":282},[44,17653,351],{"class":278},[44,17655,1084],{"class":58},[44,17657,17658],{"class":58}," [],",[44,17660,360],{"class":278},[44,17662,583],{"class":282},[44,17664,351],{"class":278},[44,17666,1084],{"class":58},[44,17668,17669],{"class":58}," []}\n",[20,17671,17672],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17674,17675],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,17677,4334,17679],{"id":17678},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17680,16587],{},[20,17682,17683,17685],{},[15,17684,16592],{}," is a good choice when:",[165,17687,17688,17691,17694],{},[168,17689,17690],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[168,17692,17693],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[168,17695,17696],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17698,1497],{},[35,17700,17702],{"className":37,"code":17701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17703,17704,17749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17705,17706,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17741,17743,17745,17747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17707,17708],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,17710,55],{"class":54},[44,17712,8549],{"class":909},[44,17714,86],{"class":58},[44,17716,16652],{"class":89},[44,17718,650],{"class":58},[44,17720,279],{"class":278},[44,17722,17723],{"class":282},"is_admin",[44,17725,279],{"class":278},[44,17727,66],{"class":58},[44,17729,290],{"class":278},[44,17731,14449],{"class":282},[44,17733,279],{"class":278},[44,17735,66],{"class":58},[44,17737,290],{"class":278},[44,17739,17740],{"class":282},"is_verified",[44,17742,279],{"class":278},[44,17744,17428],{"class":58},[44,17746,3277],{"class":871},[44,17748,99],{"class":58},[44,17750,17751,17753,17755,17758],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17752,106],{"class":105},[44,17754,93],{"class":58},[44,17756,17757],{"class":89},"flags",[44,17759,99],{"class":58},[35,17761,17763],{"className":37,"code":17762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17764,17765,17810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17766,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17784,17786,17788,17790,17793,17795,17797,17799,17802,17804,17806,17808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17768,4437],{"class":50},[44,17770,55],{"class":54},[44,17772,8549],{"class":909},[44,17774,86],{"class":58},[44,17776,16652],{"class":89},[44,17778,650],{"class":58},[44,17780,279],{"class":278},[44,17782,17783],{"class":282},"math",[44,17785,279],{"class":278},[44,17787,66],{"class":58},[44,17789,290],{"class":278},[44,17791,17792],{"class":282},"science",[44,17794,279],{"class":278},[44,17796,66],{"class":58},[44,17798,290],{"class":278},[44,17800,17801],{"class":282},"history",[44,17803,279],{"class":278},[44,17805,17428],{"class":58},[44,17807,3204],{"class":62},[44,17809,99],{"class":58},[44,17811,17812,17814,17816,17818],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17813,106],{"class":105},[44,17815,93],{"class":58},[44,17817,15757],{"class":89},[44,17819,99],{"class":58},[20,17821,17822,17823,17825],{},"It is ",[116,17824,736],{}," the best choice when:",[165,17827,17828,17831],{},[168,17829,17830],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[168,17832,17833],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,17835,17837,17839],{"id":17836},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,17838,16587],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,17841,17842,17844],{},[15,17843,16587],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[693,17846,1123,17848],{"id":17847},"using-fromkeys",[15,17849,16587],{},[35,17851,17853],{"className":37,"code":17852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17854,17855,17900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17856,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17874,17876,17878,17880,17883,17885,17887,17889,17892,17894,17896,17898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17858,13197],{"class":50},[44,17860,55],{"class":54},[44,17862,8549],{"class":909},[44,17864,86],{"class":58},[44,17866,16652],{"class":89},[44,17868,650],{"class":58},[44,17870,279],{"class":278},[44,17872,17873],{"class":282},"sound",[44,17875,279],{"class":278},[44,17877,66],{"class":58},[44,17879,290],{"class":278},[44,17881,17882],{"class":282},"music",[44,17884,279],{"class":278},[44,17886,66],{"class":58},[44,17888,290],{"class":278},[44,17890,17891],{"class":282},"notifications",[44,17893,279],{"class":278},[44,17895,17428],{"class":58},[44,17897,3286],{"class":871},[44,17899,99],{"class":58},[44,17901,17902,17904,17906,17908],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17903,106],{"class":105},[44,17905,93],{"class":58},[44,17907,13256],{"class":89},[44,17909,99],{"class":58},[693,17911,17913],{"id":17912},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,17915,17917],{"className":37,"code":17916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17918,17919,17927,17941,17955,17967,17971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17920,17921,17923,17925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17922,13197],{"class":50},[44,17924,55],{"class":54},[44,17926,10865],{"class":58},[44,17928,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,17930,10870],{"class":278},[44,17932,17873],{"class":282},[44,17934,279],{"class":278},[44,17936,1084],{"class":58},[44,17938,3286],{"class":871},[44,17940,10886],{"class":58},[44,17942,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17944,10870],{"class":278},[44,17946,17882],{"class":282},[44,17948,279],{"class":278},[44,17950,1084],{"class":58},[44,17952,3277],{"class":871},[44,17954,10886],{"class":58},[44,17956,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,17958,10870],{"class":278},[44,17960,17891],{"class":282},[44,17962,279],{"class":278},[44,17964,1084],{"class":58},[44,17966,5799],{"class":871},[44,17968,17969],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,17970,77],{"class":58},[44,17972,17973,17975,17977,17979],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,17974,106],{"class":105},[44,17976,93],{"class":58},[44,17978,13256],{"class":89},[44,17980,99],{"class":58},[20,17982,17983],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[693,17985,17987],{"id":17986},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,17989,17991],{"className":37,"code":17990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17992,17993,18025,18049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17994,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17996,16611],{"class":50},[44,17998,55],{"class":54},[44,18000,2992],{"class":58},[44,18002,279],{"class":278},[44,18004,184],{"class":282},[44,18006,279],{"class":278},[44,18008,66],{"class":58},[44,18010,290],{"class":278},[44,18012,563],{"class":282},[44,18014,279],{"class":278},[44,18016,66],{"class":58},[44,18018,290],{"class":278},[44,18020,583],{"class":282},[44,18022,279],{"class":278},[44,18024,3005],{"class":58},[44,18026,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18028,8544],{"class":50},[44,18030,55],{"class":54},[44,18032,59],{"class":58},[44,18034,14212],{"class":50},[44,18036,1084],{"class":58},[44,18038,17570],{"class":58},[44,18040,3247],{"class":3246},[44,18042,17575],{"class":50},[44,18044,3253],{"class":3246},[44,18046,17580],{"class":50},[44,18048,77],{"class":58},[44,18050,18051,18053,18055,18057],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18052,106],{"class":105},[44,18054,93],{"class":58},[44,18056,8583],{"class":89},[44,18058,99],{"class":58},[20,18060,18061],{},"Use:",[165,18063,18064,18069,18072],{},[168,18065,18066,18068],{},[15,18067,16587],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[168,18070,18071],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[168,18073,18074],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18076,18077,18078,86],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[184,18079,10113,18080,718],{"href":13404},[15,18081,528],{},[30,18083,1113],{"id":1112},[20,18085,1116,18086,86],{},[15,18087,16592],{},[693,18089,18091],{"id":18090},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,18093,18095],{"className":37,"code":18094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18096,18097,18130,18152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18098,18099,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18100,18101],{"class":50},"d ",[44,18103,55],{"class":54},[44,18105,8549],{"class":909},[44,18107,86],{"class":58},[44,18109,16652],{"class":89},[44,18111,650],{"class":58},[44,18113,279],{"class":278},[44,18115,184],{"class":282},[44,18117,279],{"class":278},[44,18119,66],{"class":58},[44,18121,290],{"class":278},[44,18123,563],{"class":282},[44,18125,279],{"class":278},[44,18127,17428],{"class":58},[44,18129,17362],{"class":58},[44,18131,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18133,663],{"class":50},[44,18135,3270],{"class":58},[44,18137,279],{"class":278},[44,18139,184],{"class":282},[44,18141,279],{"class":278},[44,18143,12921],{"class":58},[44,18145,12924],{"class":89},[44,18147,93],{"class":58},[44,18149,63],{"class":62},[44,18151,99],{"class":58},[44,18153,18154,18156,18158,18160],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18155,106],{"class":105},[44,18157,93],{"class":58},[44,18159,663],{"class":89},[44,18161,99],{"class":58},[20,18163,118],{},[35,18165,18167],{"className":37,"code":18166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18168,18169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18170,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18172,128],{"class":58},[44,18174,351],{"class":278},[44,18176,184],{"class":282},[44,18178,351],{"class":278},[44,18180,1084],{"class":58},[44,18182,2992],{"class":58},[44,18184,63],{"class":62},[44,18186,17428],{"class":58},[44,18188,360],{"class":278},[44,18190,563],{"class":282},[44,18192,351],{"class":278},[44,18194,1084],{"class":58},[44,18196,2992],{"class":58},[44,18198,63],{"class":62},[44,18200,13077],{"class":58},[20,18202,18203],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18205,18206],{},"Use this instead:",[35,18208,18210],{"className":37,"code":18209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18211,18212,18236,18260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18213,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18215,16611],{"class":50},[44,18217,55],{"class":54},[44,18219,2992],{"class":58},[44,18221,279],{"class":278},[44,18223,184],{"class":282},[44,18225,279],{"class":278},[44,18227,66],{"class":58},[44,18229,290],{"class":278},[44,18231,563],{"class":282},[44,18233,279],{"class":278},[44,18235,3005],{"class":58},[44,18237,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18239,18101],{"class":50},[44,18241,55],{"class":54},[44,18243,59],{"class":58},[44,18245,14212],{"class":50},[44,18247,1084],{"class":58},[44,18249,17570],{"class":58},[44,18251,3247],{"class":3246},[44,18253,17575],{"class":50},[44,18255,3253],{"class":3246},[44,18257,17580],{"class":50},[44,18259,77],{"class":58},[44,18261,18262,18264,18266,18268],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18263,106],{"class":105},[44,18265,93],{"class":58},[44,18267,663],{"class":89},[44,18269,99],{"class":58},[693,18271,18273,18274,18276],{"id":18272},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18275,16587],{}," on a list",[20,18278,18279],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,18281,18283],{"className":37,"code":18282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18284,18285,18317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18286,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18288,16611],{"class":50},[44,18290,55],{"class":54},[44,18292,2992],{"class":58},[44,18294,279],{"class":278},[44,18296,184],{"class":282},[44,18298,279],{"class":278},[44,18300,66],{"class":58},[44,18302,290],{"class":278},[44,18304,563],{"class":282},[44,18306,279],{"class":278},[44,18308,66],{"class":58},[44,18310,290],{"class":278},[44,18312,583],{"class":282},[44,18314,279],{"class":278},[44,18316,3005],{"class":58},[44,18318,18319],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18320,18321],{"class":3034},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18323,18324,18326,18327,18329,18330,86],{},[15,18325,16587],{}," belongs to ",[15,18328,8199],{},", not ",[15,18331,1097],{},[20,18333,18334],{},"Correct usage:",[35,18336,18338],{"className":37,"code":18337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18339,18340,18372,18394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18341,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18343,16611],{"class":50},[44,18345,55],{"class":54},[44,18347,2992],{"class":58},[44,18349,279],{"class":278},[44,18351,184],{"class":282},[44,18353,279],{"class":278},[44,18355,66],{"class":58},[44,18357,290],{"class":278},[44,18359,563],{"class":282},[44,18361,279],{"class":278},[44,18363,66],{"class":58},[44,18365,290],{"class":278},[44,18367,583],{"class":282},[44,18369,279],{"class":278},[44,18371,3005],{"class":58},[44,18373,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18375,18101],{"class":50},[44,18377,55],{"class":54},[44,18379,8549],{"class":909},[44,18381,86],{"class":58},[44,18383,16652],{"class":89},[44,18385,93],{"class":58},[44,18387,16292],{"class":89},[44,18389,66],{"class":58},[44,18391,3204],{"class":62},[44,18393,99],{"class":58},[44,18395,18396,18398,18400,18402],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18397,106],{"class":105},[44,18399,93],{"class":58},[44,18401,663],{"class":89},[44,18403,99],{"class":58},[693,18405,1129,18407,18409],{"id":18406},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18408,16587],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18411,18412,18414],{},[15,18413,16592],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,18416,18418],{"className":37,"code":18417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18419,18420,18440,18474,18478,18488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18421,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18423,11458],{"class":50},[44,18425,55],{"class":54},[44,18427,59],{"class":58},[44,18429,279],{"class":278},[44,18431,1545],{"class":282},[44,18433,279],{"class":278},[44,18435,1084],{"class":58},[44,18437,4874],{"class":62},[44,18439,77],{"class":58},[44,18441,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18443,12411],{"class":50},[44,18445,55],{"class":54},[44,18447,8549],{"class":909},[44,18449,86],{"class":58},[44,18451,16652],{"class":89},[44,18453,650],{"class":58},[44,18455,279],{"class":278},[44,18457,184],{"class":282},[44,18459,279],{"class":278},[44,18461,66],{"class":58},[44,18463,290],{"class":278},[44,18465,563],{"class":282},[44,18467,279],{"class":278},[44,18469,17428],{"class":58},[44,18471,3204],{"class":62},[44,18473,99],{"class":58},[44,18475,18476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18477,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,18479,18480,18482,18484,18486],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,18481,106],{"class":105},[44,18483,93],{"class":58},[44,18485,11505],{"class":89},[44,18487,99],{"class":58},[44,18489,18490,18492,18494,18497],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,18491,106],{"class":105},[44,18493,93],{"class":58},[44,18495,18496],{"class":89},"new_dict",[44,18498,99],{"class":58},[20,18500,118],{},[35,18502,18504],{"className":37,"code":18503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18505,18506,18522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18507,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18509,128],{"class":58},[44,18511,351],{"class":278},[44,18513,1545],{"class":282},[44,18515,351],{"class":278},[44,18517,1084],{"class":58},[44,18519,4874],{"class":62},[44,18521,77],{"class":58},[44,18523,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18525,128],{"class":58},[44,18527,351],{"class":278},[44,18529,184],{"class":282},[44,18531,351],{"class":278},[44,18533,1084],{"class":58},[44,18535,3204],{"class":62},[44,18537,66],{"class":58},[44,18539,360],{"class":278},[44,18541,563],{"class":282},[44,18543,351],{"class":278},[44,18545,1084],{"class":58},[44,18547,3204],{"class":62},[44,18549,77],{"class":58},[20,18551,18552,18553,86],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[184,18554,10113,18555,718],{"href":13404},[15,18556,528],{},[693,18558,18560,18561],{"id":18559},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18562,730],{},[35,18564,18566],{"className":37,"code":18565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18567,18568,18598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18569,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18571,18101],{"class":50},[44,18573,55],{"class":54},[44,18575,8549],{"class":909},[44,18577,86],{"class":58},[44,18579,16652],{"class":89},[44,18581,650],{"class":58},[44,18583,279],{"class":278},[44,18585,1545],{"class":282},[44,18587,279],{"class":278},[44,18589,66],{"class":58},[44,18591,290],{"class":278},[44,18593,11118],{"class":282},[44,18595,279],{"class":278},[44,18597,677],{"class":58},[44,18599,18600,18602,18604,18606],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18601,106],{"class":105},[44,18603,93],{"class":58},[44,18605,663],{"class":89},[44,18607,99],{"class":58},[20,18609,118],{},[35,18611,18613],{"className":37,"code":18612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18614,18615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18616,18617,18619,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18618,128],{"class":58},[44,18620,351],{"class":278},[44,18622,1545],{"class":282},[44,18624,351],{"class":278},[44,18626,1084],{"class":58},[44,18628,3222],{"class":871},[44,18630,66],{"class":58},[44,18632,360],{"class":278},[44,18634,11118],{"class":282},[44,18636,351],{"class":278},[44,18638,1084],{"class":58},[44,18640,3222],{"class":871},[44,18642,77],{"class":58},[20,18644,18645,18646,86],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18647,730],{},[30,18649,18651],{"id":18650},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18653,18654,18655,18657],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18656,16587],{}," works.",[35,18659,18661],{"className":37,"code":18660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18662,18663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18664,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18666,106],{"class":105},[44,18668,93],{"class":58},[44,18670,8199],{"class":909},[44,18672,86],{"class":58},[44,18674,16652],{"class":89},[44,18676,650],{"class":58},[44,18678,279],{"class":278},[44,18680,184],{"class":282},[44,18682,279],{"class":278},[44,18684,66],{"class":58},[44,18686,290],{"class":278},[44,18688,563],{"class":282},[44,18690,279],{"class":278},[44,18692,17428],{"class":58},[44,18694,3204],{"class":62},[44,18696,973],{"class":58},[35,18698,18699],{"className":37,"code":18565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,18700,18701,18731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18702,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18704,18101],{"class":50},[44,18706,55],{"class":54},[44,18708,8549],{"class":909},[44,18710,86],{"class":58},[44,18712,16652],{"class":89},[44,18714,650],{"class":58},[44,18716,279],{"class":278},[44,18718,1545],{"class":282},[44,18720,279],{"class":278},[44,18722,66],{"class":58},[44,18724,290],{"class":278},[44,18726,11118],{"class":282},[44,18728,279],{"class":278},[44,18730,677],{"class":58},[44,18732,18733,18735,18737,18739],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18734,106],{"class":105},[44,18736,93],{"class":58},[44,18738,663],{"class":89},[44,18740,99],{"class":58},[35,18742,18743],{"className":37,"code":18094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,18744,18745,18777,18799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18746,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18748,18101],{"class":50},[44,18750,55],{"class":54},[44,18752,8549],{"class":909},[44,18754,86],{"class":58},[44,18756,16652],{"class":89},[44,18758,650],{"class":58},[44,18760,279],{"class":278},[44,18762,184],{"class":282},[44,18764,279],{"class":278},[44,18766,66],{"class":58},[44,18768,290],{"class":278},[44,18770,563],{"class":282},[44,18772,279],{"class":278},[44,18774,17428],{"class":58},[44,18776,17362],{"class":58},[44,18778,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18780,663],{"class":50},[44,18782,3270],{"class":58},[44,18784,279],{"class":278},[44,18786,184],{"class":282},[44,18788,279],{"class":278},[44,18790,12921],{"class":58},[44,18792,12924],{"class":89},[44,18794,93],{"class":58},[44,18796,63],{"class":62},[44,18798,99],{"class":58},[44,18800,18801,18803,18805,18807],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18802,106],{"class":105},[44,18804,93],{"class":58},[44,18806,663],{"class":89},[44,18808,99],{"class":58},[35,18810,18812],{"className":37,"code":18811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18813,18814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18815,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18817,106],{"class":105},[44,18819,93],{"class":58},[44,18821,1090],{"class":909},[44,18823,93],{"class":58},[44,18825,8199],{"class":909},[44,18827,86],{"class":58},[44,18829,16652],{"class":89},[44,18831,650],{"class":58},[44,18833,63],{"class":62},[44,18835,66],{"class":58},[44,18837,69],{"class":62},[44,18839,66],{"class":58},[44,18841,74],{"class":62},[44,18843,17428],{"class":58},[44,18845,290],{"class":278},[44,18847,1188],{"class":282},[44,18849,279],{"class":278},[44,18851,2282],{"class":58},[30,18853,1235],{"id":1234},[693,18855,1239,18857,18859],{"id":18856},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18858,16587],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,18861,18862],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[693,18864,18866],{"id":18865},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,18868,18869,18870,86],{},"Each key gets ",[15,18871,730],{},[693,18873,18875],{"id":18874},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,18877,18878],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[693,18880,18882],{"id":18881},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,18884,17518],{},[35,18886,18888],{"className":37,"code":18887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,18889,18890,18922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18891,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18893,16611],{"class":50},[44,18895,55],{"class":54},[44,18897,2992],{"class":58},[44,18899,279],{"class":278},[44,18901,184],{"class":282},[44,18903,279],{"class":278},[44,18905,66],{"class":58},[44,18907,290],{"class":278},[44,18909,563],{"class":282},[44,18911,279],{"class":278},[44,18913,66],{"class":58},[44,18915,290],{"class":278},[44,18917,583],{"class":282},[44,18919,279],{"class":278},[44,18921,3005],{"class":58},[44,18923,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,18925,8544],{"class":50},[44,18927,55],{"class":54},[44,18929,59],{"class":58},[44,18931,14212],{"class":50},[44,18933,1084],{"class":58},[44,18935,17570],{"class":58},[44,18937,3247],{"class":3246},[44,18939,17575],{"class":50},[44,18941,3253],{"class":3246},[44,18943,17580],{"class":50},[44,18945,77],{"class":58},[30,18947,1279],{"id":1278},[165,18949,18950,18954,18958,18962,18968],{},[168,18951,18952],{},[184,18953,10618],{"href":12399},[168,18955,18956],{},[184,18957,8534],{"href":12396},[168,18959,18960],{},[184,18961,10627],{"href":17269},[168,18963,18964],{},[184,18965,10113,18966,718],{"href":13404},[15,18967,528],{},[168,18969,18970],{},[184,18971,10113,18972,718],{"href":14369},[15,18973,12149],{},[20,18975,148,18976,18978],{},[15,18977,16592],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1304,18980,18981],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":18983},[18984,18985,18987,18991,18992,18994,18999,19001,19008,19017,19018,19025],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":16692,"depth":80,"text":18986},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16736,"depth":80,"text":16737,"children":18988},[18989,18990],{"id":16763,"depth":102,"text":16764},{"id":721,"depth":102,"text":722},{"id":5162,"depth":80,"text":5163},{"id":16944,"depth":80,"text":18993},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17273,"depth":80,"text":17274,"children":18995},[18996,18997,18998],{"id":17303,"depth":102,"text":17304},{"id":17466,"depth":102,"text":17467},{"id":17514,"depth":102,"text":17515},{"id":17678,"depth":80,"text":19000},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17836,"depth":80,"text":19002,"children":19003},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19004,19006,19007],{"id":17847,"depth":102,"text":19005},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":17912,"depth":102,"text":17913},{"id":17986,"depth":102,"text":17987},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":19009},[19010,19011,19013,19015],{"id":18090,"depth":102,"text":18091},{"id":18272,"depth":102,"text":19012},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18406,"depth":102,"text":19014},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18559,"depth":102,"text":19016},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18650,"depth":80,"text":18651},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":19019},[19020,19022,19023,19024],{"id":18856,"depth":102,"text":19021},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":18865,"depth":102,"text":18866},{"id":18874,"depth":102,"text":18875},{"id":18881,"depth":102,"text":18882},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16579,"description":19026},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19033,"title":19034,"body":19035,"description":20865,"extension":1334,"meta":20866,"navigation":322,"path":20867,"seo":20868,"stem":20869,"__hash__":20870},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19036,"toc":20832},[19037,19042,19048,19059,19189,19196,19201,19205,19221,19223,19321,19324,19341,19345,19347,19352,19390,19393,19411,19413,19531,19536,19540,19556,19559,19695,19698,19703,19709,19712,19749,19752,19756,19761,19837,19841,19846,19928,19930,19946,19951,19955,19961,20030,20033,20050,20053,20135,20141,20144,20164,20168,20173,20179,20185,20256,20259,20265,20268,20342,20349,20355,20363,20373,20375,20470,20476,20481,20568,20574,20576,20581,20603,20606,20701,20704,20735,20748,20750,20758,20764,20770,20773,20779,20784,20791,20796,20798,20829],[10,19038,10694,19040,18],{"id":19039},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19041,10116],{},[20,19043,19044,19045,19047],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19046,10116],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19049,19050,19051,1561,19054,727,19056,19058],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19052,19053],{},"KeyError",[15,19055,10116],{},[15,19057,730],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,19060,19062],{"className":37,"code":19061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19063,19064,19100,19104,19130,19155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19065,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19067,12575],{"class":50},[44,19069,55],{"class":54},[44,19071,59],{"class":58},[44,19073,279],{"class":278},[44,19075,7046],{"class":282},[44,19077,279],{"class":278},[44,19079,1084],{"class":58},[44,19081,290],{"class":278},[44,19083,12253],{"class":282},[44,19085,279],{"class":278},[44,19087,66],{"class":58},[44,19089,290],{"class":278},[44,19091,8677],{"class":282},[44,19093,279],{"class":278},[44,19095,1084],{"class":58},[44,19097,8684],{"class":62},[44,19099,77],{"class":58},[44,19101,19102],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19103,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,19105,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19107,106],{"class":105},[44,19109,93],{"class":58},[44,19111,16676],{"class":89},[44,19113,86],{"class":58},[44,19115,19116],{"class":89},"get",[44,19118,93],{"class":58},[44,19120,279],{"class":278},[44,19122,7046],{"class":282},[44,19124,279],{"class":278},[44,19126,4737],{"class":58},[44,19128,19129],{"class":3034},"           # Ana\n",[44,19131,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,19133,106],{"class":105},[44,19135,93],{"class":58},[44,19137,16676],{"class":89},[44,19139,86],{"class":58},[44,19141,19116],{"class":89},[44,19143,93],{"class":58},[44,19145,279],{"class":278},[44,19147,9786],{"class":282},[44,19149,279],{"class":278},[44,19151,4737],{"class":58},[44,19153,19154],{"class":3034},"           # None\n",[44,19156,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19182,19184,19186],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,19158,106],{"class":105},[44,19160,93],{"class":58},[44,19162,16676],{"class":89},[44,19164,86],{"class":58},[44,19166,19116],{"class":89},[44,19168,93],{"class":58},[44,19170,279],{"class":278},[44,19172,9786],{"class":282},[44,19174,279],{"class":278},[44,19176,66],{"class":58},[44,19178,290],{"class":278},[44,19180,19181],{"class":282},"N\u002FA",[44,19183,279],{"class":278},[44,19185,4737],{"class":58},[44,19187,19188],{"class":3034},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19190,148,19191,19193,19194,86],{},[15,19192,10116],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19195,19053],{},[30,19197,155,19199,158],{"id":19198},"what-get-does",[15,19200,10116],{},[20,19202,1351,19203,10788],{},[15,19204,10116],{},[165,19206,19207,19210,19215,19218],{},[168,19208,19209],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[168,19211,10799,19212,19214],{},[15,19213,730],{}," if the key does not exist",[168,19216,19217],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[168,19219,19220],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19222,894],{},[35,19224,19226],{"className":37,"code":19225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19227,19228,19267,19271,19296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19229,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19249,19251,19253,19255,19258,19260,19262,19265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19231,12236],{"class":50},[44,19233,55],{"class":54},[44,19235,59],{"class":58},[44,19237,279],{"class":278},[44,19239,7046],{"class":282},[44,19241,279],{"class":278},[44,19243,1084],{"class":58},[44,19245,290],{"class":278},[44,19247,19248],{"class":282},"Lina",[44,19250,279],{"class":278},[44,19252,66],{"class":58},[44,19254,290],{"class":278},[44,19256,19257],{"class":282},"grade",[44,19259,279],{"class":278},[44,19261,1084],{"class":58},[44,19263,19264],{"class":62}," 90",[44,19266,77],{"class":58},[44,19268,19269],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19270,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,19272,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19274,106],{"class":105},[44,19276,93],{"class":58},[44,19278,12997],{"class":89},[44,19280,86],{"class":58},[44,19282,19116],{"class":89},[44,19284,93],{"class":58},[44,19286,279],{"class":278},[44,19288,7046],{"class":282},[44,19290,279],{"class":278},[44,19292,4737],{"class":58},[44,19294,19295],{"class":3034},"     # Lina\n",[44,19297,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,19299,106],{"class":105},[44,19301,93],{"class":58},[44,19303,12997],{"class":89},[44,19305,86],{"class":58},[44,19307,19116],{"class":89},[44,19309,93],{"class":58},[44,19311,279],{"class":278},[44,19313,14629],{"class":282},[44,19315,279],{"class":278},[44,19317,4737],{"class":58},[44,19319,19320],{"class":3034},"    # None\n",[20,19322,19323],{},"In this example:",[165,19325,19326,19331],{},[168,19327,19328,19330],{},[15,19329,14610],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[168,19332,19333,19336,19337,727,19339],{},[15,19334,19335],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19338,10116],{},[15,19340,730],{},[20,19342,12393,19343,86],{},[184,19344,8534],{"href":8533},[30,19346,196],{"id":195},[20,19348,19349,19350,1084],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19351,10116],{},[35,19353,19355],{"className":37,"code":19354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19356,19357,19371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19358,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19360,14975],{"class":50},[44,19362,86],{"class":58},[44,19364,19116],{"class":89},[44,19366,93],{"class":58},[44,19368,14212],{"class":89},[44,19370,99],{"class":58},[44,19372,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19388],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19374,14975],{"class":50},[44,19376,86],{"class":58},[44,19378,19116],{"class":89},[44,19380,93],{"class":58},[44,19382,14212],{"class":89},[44,19384,66],{"class":58},[44,19386,19387],{"class":89}," default_value",[44,19389,99],{"class":58},[20,19391,19392],{},"What each part means:",[165,19394,19395,19400,19406],{},[168,19396,19397,19399],{},[15,19398,14212],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[168,19401,19402,19405],{},[15,19403,19404],{},"default_value"," is optional",[168,19407,19408,19409],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19410,730],{},[20,19412,894],{},[35,19414,19416],{"className":37,"code":19415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19417,19418,19442,19446,19471,19497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19419,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19421,13197],{"class":50},[44,19423,55],{"class":54},[44,19425,59],{"class":58},[44,19427,279],{"class":278},[44,19429,11867],{"class":282},[44,19431,279],{"class":278},[44,19433,1084],{"class":58},[44,19435,290],{"class":278},[44,19437,11876],{"class":282},[44,19439,279],{"class":278},[44,19441,77],{"class":58},[44,19443,19444],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19445,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,19447,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19449,106],{"class":105},[44,19451,93],{"class":58},[44,19453,13256],{"class":89},[44,19455,86],{"class":58},[44,19457,19116],{"class":89},[44,19459,93],{"class":58},[44,19461,279],{"class":278},[44,19463,11867],{"class":282},[44,19465,279],{"class":278},[44,19467,4737],{"class":58},[44,19469,19470],{"class":3034},"            # dark\n",[44,19472,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19490,19492,19494],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,19474,106],{"class":105},[44,19476,93],{"class":58},[44,19478,13256],{"class":89},[44,19480,86],{"class":58},[44,19482,19116],{"class":89},[44,19484,93],{"class":58},[44,19486,279],{"class":278},[44,19488,19489],{"class":282},"language",[44,19491,279],{"class":278},[44,19493,4737],{"class":58},[44,19495,19496],{"class":3034},"         # None\n",[44,19498,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19524,19526,19528],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,19500,106],{"class":105},[44,19502,93],{"class":58},[44,19504,13256],{"class":89},[44,19506,86],{"class":58},[44,19508,19116],{"class":89},[44,19510,93],{"class":58},[44,19512,279],{"class":278},[44,19514,19489],{"class":282},[44,19516,279],{"class":278},[44,19518,66],{"class":58},[44,19520,290],{"class":278},[44,19522,19523],{"class":282},"en",[44,19525,279],{"class":278},[44,19527,4737],{"class":58},[44,19529,19530],{"class":3034},"   # en\n",[30,19532,4334,19534],{"id":19533},"when-to-use-get",[15,19535,10116],{},[20,19537,148,19538,9977],{},[15,19539,10116],{},[165,19541,19542,19545,19550,19553],{},[168,19543,19544],{},"A key might not exist",[168,19546,19547,19548],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19549,19053],{},[168,19551,19552],{},"You are reading optional data",[168,19554,19555],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19557,19558],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,19560,19562],{"className":37,"code":19561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19563,19564,19606,19610,19635,19661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19565,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19602,19604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19567,10860],{"class":50},[44,19569,55],{"class":54},[44,19571,59],{"class":58},[44,19573,279],{"class":278},[44,19575,7363],{"class":282},[44,19577,279],{"class":278},[44,19579,1084],{"class":58},[44,19581,290],{"class":278},[44,19583,19584],{"class":282},"sam",[44,19586,279],{"class":278},[44,19588,66],{"class":58},[44,19590,290],{"class":278},[44,19592,14629],{"class":282},[44,19594,279],{"class":278},[44,19596,1084],{"class":58},[44,19598,290],{"class":278},[44,19600,19601],{"class":282},"sam@example.com",[44,19603,279],{"class":278},[44,19605,77],{"class":58},[44,19607,19608],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19609,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,19611,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19613,106],{"class":105},[44,19615,93],{"class":58},[44,19617,10954],{"class":89},[44,19619,86],{"class":58},[44,19621,19116],{"class":89},[44,19623,93],{"class":58},[44,19625,279],{"class":278},[44,19627,7363],{"class":282},[44,19629,279],{"class":278},[44,19631,4737],{"class":58},[44,19633,19634],{"class":3034},"              # sam\n",[44,19636,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19654,19656,19658],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,19638,106],{"class":105},[44,19640,93],{"class":58},[44,19642,10954],{"class":89},[44,19644,86],{"class":58},[44,19646,19116],{"class":89},[44,19648,93],{"class":58},[44,19650,279],{"class":278},[44,19652,19653],{"class":282},"phone",[44,19655,279],{"class":278},[44,19657,4737],{"class":58},[44,19659,19660],{"class":3034},"                 # None\n",[44,19662,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19688,19690,19692],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,19664,106],{"class":105},[44,19666,93],{"class":58},[44,19668,10954],{"class":89},[44,19670,86],{"class":58},[44,19672,19116],{"class":89},[44,19674,93],{"class":58},[44,19676,279],{"class":278},[44,19678,19653],{"class":282},[44,19680,279],{"class":278},[44,19682,66],{"class":58},[44,19684,290],{"class":278},[44,19686,19687],{"class":282},"Not provided",[44,19689,279],{"class":278},[44,19691,4737],{"class":58},[44,19693,19694],{"class":3034}," # Not provided\n",[20,19696,19697],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19699,19700,19701,86],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[184,19702,15966],{"href":15965},[30,19704,19706,19708],{"id":19705},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19707,10116],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19710,19711],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,19713,19715],{"className":37,"code":19714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19716,19717,19731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19718,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19720,8583],{"class":50},[44,19722,3270],{"class":58},[44,19724,279],{"class":278},[44,19726,14212],{"class":282},[44,19728,279],{"class":278},[44,19730,3005],{"class":58},[44,19732,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19734,8583],{"class":50},[44,19736,86],{"class":58},[44,19738,19116],{"class":89},[44,19740,93],{"class":58},[44,19742,279],{"class":278},[44,19744,14212],{"class":282},[44,19746,279],{"class":278},[44,19748,99],{"class":58},[20,19750,19751],{},"The difference is important.",[693,19753,19755],{"id":19754},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19757,19758,19759,86],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19760,19053],{},[35,19762,19764],{"className":37,"code":19763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19765,19766,19790,19794,19816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19767,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19769,8544],{"class":50},[44,19771,55],{"class":54},[44,19773,59],{"class":58},[44,19775,279],{"class":278},[44,19777,7046],{"class":282},[44,19779,279],{"class":278},[44,19781,1084],{"class":58},[44,19783,290],{"class":278},[44,19785,12253],{"class":282},[44,19787,279],{"class":278},[44,19789,77],{"class":58},[44,19791,19792],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19793,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,19795,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19813],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19797,106],{"class":105},[44,19799,93],{"class":58},[44,19801,8583],{"class":89},[44,19803,3270],{"class":58},[44,19805,279],{"class":278},[44,19807,7046],{"class":282},[44,19809,279],{"class":278},[44,19811,19812],{"class":58},"])",[44,19814,19815],{"class":3034},"   # Ana\n",[44,19817,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,19819,106],{"class":105},[44,19821,93],{"class":58},[44,19823,8583],{"class":89},[44,19825,3270],{"class":58},[44,19827,279],{"class":278},[44,19829,9786],{"class":282},[44,19831,279],{"class":278},[44,19833,19812],{"class":58},[44,19835,19836],{"class":3034},"   # KeyError\n",[693,19838,19839],{"id":19116},[15,19840,10116],{},[20,19842,19843,19845],{},[15,19844,10116],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,19847,19849],{"className":37,"code":19848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,19850,19851,19875,19879,19903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19852,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19854,8544],{"class":50},[44,19856,55],{"class":54},[44,19858,59],{"class":58},[44,19860,279],{"class":278},[44,19862,7046],{"class":282},[44,19864,279],{"class":278},[44,19866,1084],{"class":58},[44,19868,290],{"class":278},[44,19870,12253],{"class":282},[44,19872,279],{"class":278},[44,19874,77],{"class":58},[44,19876,19877],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19878,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,19880,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19882,106],{"class":105},[44,19884,93],{"class":58},[44,19886,8583],{"class":89},[44,19888,86],{"class":58},[44,19890,19116],{"class":89},[44,19892,93],{"class":58},[44,19894,279],{"class":278},[44,19896,7046],{"class":282},[44,19898,279],{"class":278},[44,19900,4737],{"class":58},[44,19902,19815],{"class":3034},[44,19904,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,19906,106],{"class":105},[44,19908,93],{"class":58},[44,19910,8583],{"class":89},[44,19912,86],{"class":58},[44,19914,19116],{"class":89},[44,19916,93],{"class":58},[44,19918,279],{"class":278},[44,19920,9786],{"class":282},[44,19922,279],{"class":278},[44,19924,4737],{"class":58},[44,19926,19927],{"class":3034},"   # None\n",[20,19929,18061],{},[165,19931,19932,19938],{},[168,19933,19934,19935],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[116,19936,19937],{},"must exist",[168,19939,19940,19942,19943],{},[15,19941,10116],{}," when the key is ",[116,19944,19945],{},"optional",[20,19947,19948,19949,86],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[184,19950,10638],{"href":10450},[30,19952,19954],{"id":19953},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,19956,19957,19958,19960],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,19959,10116],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,19962,19964],{"className":37,"code":19963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,19965,19966,19991,19995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19967,19968,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19969,19970],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,19972,55],{"class":54},[44,19974,59],{"class":58},[44,19976,279],{"class":278},[44,19978,7046],{"class":282},[44,19980,279],{"class":278},[44,19982,1084],{"class":58},[44,19984,290],{"class":278},[44,19986,7299],{"class":282},[44,19988,279],{"class":278},[44,19990,77],{"class":58},[44,19992,19993],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,19994,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,19996,19997,19999,20001,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20023,20025,20027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19998,106],{"class":105},[44,20000,93],{"class":58},[44,20002,20003],{"class":89},"profile",[44,20005,86],{"class":58},[44,20007,19116],{"class":89},[44,20009,93],{"class":58},[44,20011,279],{"class":278},[44,20013,14632],{"class":282},[44,20015,279],{"class":278},[44,20017,66],{"class":58},[44,20019,290],{"class":278},[44,20021,20022],{"class":282},"Unknown",[44,20024,279],{"class":278},[44,20026,4737],{"class":58},[44,20028,20029],{"class":3034},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20031,20032],{},"This is useful for display text:",[165,20034,20035,20040,20045],{},[168,20036,20037],{},[15,20038,20039],{},"\"Unknown\"",[168,20041,20042],{},[15,20043,20044],{},"\"Not set\"",[168,20046,20047],{},[15,20048,20049],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20051,20052],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,20054,20056],{"className":37,"code":20055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20057,20058,20090,20094,20121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20059,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20061,4437],{"class":50},[44,20063,55],{"class":54},[44,20065,59],{"class":58},[44,20067,279],{"class":278},[44,20069,17783],{"class":282},[44,20071,279],{"class":278},[44,20073,1084],{"class":58},[44,20075,5381],{"class":62},[44,20077,66],{"class":58},[44,20079,290],{"class":278},[44,20081,17792],{"class":282},[44,20083,279],{"class":278},[44,20085,1084],{"class":58},[44,20087,5736],{"class":62},[44,20089,77],{"class":58},[44,20091,20092],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20093,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,20095,20096,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20097,20098],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,20100,55],{"class":54},[44,20102,4484],{"class":50},[44,20104,86],{"class":58},[44,20106,19116],{"class":89},[44,20108,93],{"class":58},[44,20110,279],{"class":278},[44,20112,17801],{"class":282},[44,20114,279],{"class":278},[44,20116,66],{"class":58},[44,20118,3204],{"class":62},[44,20120,99],{"class":58},[44,20122,20123,20125,20127,20130,20132],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,20124,106],{"class":105},[44,20126,93],{"class":58},[44,20128,20129],{"class":89},"total_history",[44,20131,3031],{"class":58},[44,20133,20134],{"class":3034},"   # 0\n",[20,20136,20137,20138,20140],{},"Here, ",[15,20139,1491],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20142,20143],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[165,20145,20146,20149,20154,20159],{},[168,20147,20148],{},"Use a string for text",[168,20150,148,20151,20153],{},[15,20152,1491],{}," for numbers",[168,20155,148,20156,20158],{},[15,20157,3157],{}," for lists if needed",[168,20160,148,20161,20163],{},[15,20162,3162],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,20165,20167],{"id":20166},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20169,20170,20171,86],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20172,10116],{},[693,20174,20176,20178],{"id":20175},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20177,10116],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20180,20181,20182,20184],{},"This code does ",[116,20183,736],{}," create a new key:",[35,20186,20188],{"className":37,"code":20187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20189,20190,20214,20218,20243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20191,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20193,12575],{"class":50},[44,20195,55],{"class":54},[44,20197,59],{"class":58},[44,20199,279],{"class":278},[44,20201,7046],{"class":282},[44,20203,279],{"class":278},[44,20205,1084],{"class":58},[44,20207,290],{"class":278},[44,20209,12253],{"class":282},[44,20211,279],{"class":278},[44,20213,77],{"class":58},[44,20215,20216],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20217,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,20219,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20221,106],{"class":105},[44,20223,93],{"class":58},[44,20225,16676],{"class":89},[44,20227,86],{"class":58},[44,20229,19116],{"class":89},[44,20231,93],{"class":58},[44,20233,279],{"class":278},[44,20235,9786],{"class":282},[44,20237,279],{"class":278},[44,20239,4737],{"class":58},[44,20241,20242],{"class":3034},"  # None\n",[44,20244,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,20246,106],{"class":105},[44,20248,93],{"class":58},[44,20250,16676],{"class":89},[44,20252,3031],{"class":58},[44,20254,20255],{"class":3034},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20257,20258],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[693,20260,20262,20264],{"id":20261},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20263,10116],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20266,20267],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,20269,20271],{"className":37,"code":20270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20272,20273,20299,20303,20329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20274,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20286,20288,20290,20292,20295,20297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20276,13197],{"class":50},[44,20278,55],{"class":54},[44,20280,59],{"class":58},[44,20282,279],{"class":278},[44,20284,20285],{"class":282},"mode",[44,20287,279],{"class":278},[44,20289,1084],{"class":58},[44,20291,290],{"class":278},[44,20293,20294],{"class":282},"light",[44,20296,279],{"class":278},[44,20298,77],{"class":58},[44,20300,20301],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20302,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,20304,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20306,13256],{"class":50},[44,20308,86],{"class":58},[44,20310,19116],{"class":89},[44,20312,93],{"class":58},[44,20314,279],{"class":278},[44,20316,11867],{"class":282},[44,20318,279],{"class":278},[44,20320,66],{"class":58},[44,20322,290],{"class":278},[44,20324,11876],{"class":282},[44,20326,279],{"class":278},[44,20328,99],{"class":58},[44,20330,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,20332,106],{"class":105},[44,20334,93],{"class":58},[44,20336,13256],{"class":89},[44,20338,3031],{"class":58},[44,20340,20341],{"class":3034},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20343,20344,20345,20348],{},"Even though ",[15,20346,20347],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[693,20350,20352,20353],{"id":20351},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20354,730],{},[20,20356,20357,20358,727,20360,20362],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20359,10116],{},[15,20361,730],{}," because:",[165,20364,20365,20368],{},[168,20366,20367],{},"The key is missing, or",[168,20369,20370,20371],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20372,730],{},[20,20374,894],{},[35,20376,20378],{"className":37,"code":20377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20379,20380,20417,20421,20445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20381,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20409,20411,20413,20415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20383,8544],{"class":50},[44,20385,55],{"class":54},[44,20387,59],{"class":58},[44,20389,279],{"class":278},[44,20391,7046],{"class":282},[44,20393,279],{"class":278},[44,20395,1084],{"class":58},[44,20397,290],{"class":278},[44,20399,12253],{"class":282},[44,20401,279],{"class":278},[44,20403,66],{"class":58},[44,20405,290],{"class":278},[44,20407,20408],{"class":282},"nickname",[44,20410,279],{"class":278},[44,20412,1084],{"class":58},[44,20414,3222],{"class":871},[44,20416,77],{"class":58},[44,20418,20419],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20420,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,20422,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20424,106],{"class":105},[44,20426,93],{"class":58},[44,20428,8583],{"class":89},[44,20430,86],{"class":58},[44,20432,19116],{"class":89},[44,20434,93],{"class":58},[44,20436,279],{"class":278},[44,20438,20408],{"class":282},[44,20440,279],{"class":278},[44,20442,4737],{"class":58},[44,20444,20242],{"class":3034},[44,20446,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,20448,106],{"class":105},[44,20450,93],{"class":58},[44,20452,8583],{"class":89},[44,20454,86],{"class":58},[44,20456,19116],{"class":89},[44,20458,93],{"class":58},[44,20460,279],{"class":278},[44,20462,9786],{"class":282},[44,20464,279],{"class":278},[44,20466,4737],{"class":58},[44,20468,20469],{"class":3034},"      # None\n",[20,20471,20472,20473,20475],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20474,730],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20477,20478,20479,1084],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20480,3253],{},[35,20482,20484],{"className":37,"code":20483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20485,20486,20522,20526,20547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20487,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20489,8544],{"class":50},[44,20491,55],{"class":54},[44,20493,59],{"class":58},[44,20495,279],{"class":278},[44,20497,7046],{"class":282},[44,20499,279],{"class":278},[44,20501,1084],{"class":58},[44,20503,290],{"class":278},[44,20505,12253],{"class":282},[44,20507,279],{"class":278},[44,20509,66],{"class":58},[44,20511,290],{"class":278},[44,20513,20408],{"class":282},[44,20515,279],{"class":278},[44,20517,1084],{"class":58},[44,20519,3222],{"class":871},[44,20521,77],{"class":58},[44,20523,20524],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20525,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,20527,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20541,20543,20545],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20529,106],{"class":105},[44,20531,93],{"class":58},[44,20533,279],{"class":278},[44,20535,20408],{"class":282},[44,20537,279],{"class":278},[44,20539,20540],{"class":3246}," in",[44,20542,13938],{"class":89},[44,20544,3031],{"class":58},[44,20546,3035],{"class":3034},[44,20548,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,20550,106],{"class":105},[44,20552,93],{"class":58},[44,20554,279],{"class":278},[44,20556,9786],{"class":282},[44,20558,279],{"class":278},[44,20560,20540],{"class":3246},[44,20562,13938],{"class":89},[44,20564,3031],{"class":58},[44,20566,20567],{"class":3034},"      # False\n",[20,20569,20570,20571,86],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[184,20572,20573],{"href":16522},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,20575,1113],{"id":1112},[20,20577,20578,20579,1084],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20580,10116],{},[165,20582,20583,20588,20595,20600],{},[168,20584,20585,20586],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20587,19053],{},[168,20589,4077,20590,727,20592,20594],{},[15,20591,10116],{},[15,20593,730],{}," if no default is provided",[168,20596,3953,20597,20599],{},[15,20598,10116],{}," creates a key automatically",[168,20601,20602],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20604,20605],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,20607,20609],{"className":37,"code":20608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20610,20611,20621,20635,20653,20675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20612,20613,20615,20617,20619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20614,106],{"class":105},[44,20616,93],{"class":58},[44,20618,10825],{"class":89},[44,20620,99],{"class":58},[44,20622,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20624,106],{"class":105},[44,20626,93],{"class":58},[44,20628,10825],{"class":89},[44,20630,86],{"class":58},[44,20632,16292],{"class":89},[44,20634,6571],{"class":58},[44,20636,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20638,106],{"class":105},[44,20640,93],{"class":58},[44,20642,351],{"class":278},[44,20644,7046],{"class":282},[44,20646,351],{"class":278},[44,20648,20540],{"class":3246},[44,20650,11139],{"class":89},[44,20652,99],{"class":58},[44,20654,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,20656,106],{"class":105},[44,20658,93],{"class":58},[44,20660,10825],{"class":89},[44,20662,86],{"class":58},[44,20664,19116],{"class":89},[44,20666,93],{"class":58},[44,20668,351],{"class":278},[44,20670,7046],{"class":282},[44,20672,351],{"class":278},[44,20674,973],{"class":58},[44,20676,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,20678,106],{"class":105},[44,20680,93],{"class":58},[44,20682,1090],{"class":909},[44,20684,93],{"class":58},[44,20686,10825],{"class":89},[44,20688,86],{"class":58},[44,20690,19116],{"class":89},[44,20692,93],{"class":58},[44,20694,351],{"class":278},[44,20696,7046],{"class":282},[44,20698,351],{"class":278},[44,20700,2282],{"class":58},[20,20702,20703],{},"What these checks tell you:",[165,20705,20706,20711,20717,20723,20729],{},[168,20707,20708,20710],{},[15,20709,12052],{}," shows the full dictionary",[168,20712,20713,20716],{},[15,20714,20715],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[168,20718,20719,20722],{},[15,20720,20721],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[168,20724,20725,20728],{},[15,20726,20727],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[168,20730,20731,20734],{},[15,20732,20733],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20736,20737,20738,3766,20743,20747],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[184,20739,20740,20741,718],{"href":16431},"the dictionary ",[15,20742,16434],{},[184,20744,20740,20745,718],{"href":16444},[15,20746,16447],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,20749,1235],{"id":1234},[693,20751,1239,20753,20755,20756,1863],{"id":20752},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20754,10116],{}," raise ",[15,20757,19053],{},[20,20759,20760,20761,20763],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20762,730],{}," or the default value you provide.",[693,20765,1239,20767,20769],{"id":20766},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20768,10116],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20771,20772],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[693,20774,20776,20777,1863],{"id":20775},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20778,10116],{},[20,20780,20781,20783],{},[15,20782,730],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[693,20785,20787,20788,20790],{"id":20786},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,20789,10116],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20792,148,20793,20795],{},[15,20794,10116],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,20797,1279],{"id":1278},[165,20799,20800,20804,20810,20816,20820,20825],{},[168,20801,20802],{},[184,20803,8534],{"href":8533},[168,20805,20806],{},[184,20807,10113,20808,718],{"href":16431},[15,20809,16434],{},[168,20811,20812],{},[184,20813,10113,20814,718],{"href":16444},[15,20815,16447],{},[168,20817,20818],{},[184,20819,16523],{"href":16522},[168,20821,20822],{},[184,20823,20824],{"href":15965},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[168,20826,20827],{},[184,20828,10638],{"href":10450},[1304,20830,20831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[20842,20843],{"id":19754,"depth":102,"text":19755},{"id":19116,"depth":102,"text":10116},{"id":19953,"depth":80,"text":19954},{"id":20166,"depth":80,"text":20167,"children":20846},[20847,20849,20851],{"id":20175,"depth":102,"text":20848},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20261,"depth":102,"text":20850},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20351,"depth":102,"text":20852},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":20855},[20856,20858,20860,20862],{"id":20752,"depth":102,"text":20857},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20766,"depth":102,"text":20859},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20775,"depth":102,"text":20861},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20786,"depth":102,"text":20863},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19034,"description":20865},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":20872,"title":20873,"body":20874,"description":23430,"extension":1334,"meta":23431,"navigation":322,"path":23432,"seo":23433,"stem":23434,"__hash__":23435},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":20875,"toc":23396},[20876,20881,20887,20893,20895,20977,20981,20998,21003,21008,21013,21015,21029,21031,21094,21098,21138,21146,21148,21150,21165,21168,21181,21183,21262,21266,21332,21334,21338,21346,21348,21359,21361,21471,21475,21554,21560,21566,21571,21684,21688,21720,21723,21830,21836,21843,21847,21850,21953,21957,22018,22021,22024,22035,22044,22047,22064,22066,22165,22169,22244,22247,22270,22275,22280,22297,22299,22420,22424,22458,22460,22465,22472,22482,22484,22562,22565,22636,22646,22649,22680,22683,22722,22728,22735,22738,22829,22833,22914,22920,22923,22926,23031,23034,23037,23159,23163,23166,23233,23237,23274,23280,23282,23288,23293,23299,23306,23312,23315,23354,23360,23363,23365,23393],[10,20877,10694,20879,18],{"id":20878},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,20880,16447],{},[20,20882,1351,20883,20886],{},[15,20884,20885],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,20888,20889,20890,20892],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,20891,16447],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,20894,33],{"id":32},[35,20896,20898],{"className":37,"code":20897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,20899,20900,20936,20940,20963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20901,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20903,12575],{"class":50},[44,20905,55],{"class":54},[44,20907,59],{"class":58},[44,20909,279],{"class":278},[44,20911,7046],{"class":282},[44,20913,279],{"class":278},[44,20915,1084],{"class":58},[44,20917,290],{"class":278},[44,20919,12253],{"class":282},[44,20921,279],{"class":278},[44,20923,66],{"class":58},[44,20925,290],{"class":278},[44,20927,8677],{"class":282},[44,20929,279],{"class":278},[44,20931,1084],{"class":58},[44,20933,8684],{"class":62},[44,20935,77],{"class":58},[44,20937,20938],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20939,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,20941,20942,20944,20947,20949,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20943,5334],{"class":3246},[44,20945,20946],{"class":50}," key",[44,20948,66],{"class":58},[44,20950,20951],{"class":50}," value ",[44,20953,3253],{"class":3246},[44,20955,12618],{"class":50},[44,20957,86],{"class":58},[44,20959,922],{"class":89},[44,20961,20962],{"class":58},"():\n",[44,20964,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,20966,7447],{"class":105},[44,20968,93],{"class":58},[44,20970,14212],{"class":89},[44,20972,66],{"class":58},[44,20974,7811],{"class":89},[44,20976,99],{"class":58},[20,20978,20979],{},[116,20980,118],{},[35,20982,20984],{"className":37,"code":20983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,20985,20986,20991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20987,20988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20989,20990],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,20992,20993,20996],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,20994,20995],{"class":50},"age ",[44,20997,2080],{"class":62},[20,20999,148,21000,21002],{},[15,21001,16447],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,21004,155,21006,158],{"id":21005},"what-items-does",[15,21007,16447],{},[20,21009,21010,21012],{},[15,21011,16447],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21014,220],{},[165,21016,21017,21023,21026],{},[168,21018,21019,21020],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21021,21022],{},"(key, value)",[168,21024,21025],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[168,21027,21028],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21030,894],{},[35,21032,21034],{"className":37,"code":21033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21035,21036,21072,21076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21037,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21039,12575],{"class":50},[44,21041,55],{"class":54},[44,21043,59],{"class":58},[44,21045,279],{"class":278},[44,21047,7046],{"class":282},[44,21049,279],{"class":278},[44,21051,1084],{"class":58},[44,21053,290],{"class":278},[44,21055,12253],{"class":282},[44,21057,279],{"class":278},[44,21059,66],{"class":58},[44,21061,290],{"class":278},[44,21063,8677],{"class":282},[44,21065,279],{"class":278},[44,21067,1084],{"class":58},[44,21069,8684],{"class":62},[44,21071,77],{"class":58},[44,21073,21074],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21075,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21077,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21079,106],{"class":105},[44,21081,93],{"class":58},[44,21083,1097],{"class":909},[44,21085,93],{"class":58},[44,21087,16676],{"class":89},[44,21089,86],{"class":58},[44,21091,922],{"class":89},[44,21093,5666],{"class":58},[20,21095,21096],{},[116,21097,118],{},[35,21099,21101],{"className":37,"code":21100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21102,21103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21104,21105,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21106,21107],{"class":58},"[(",[44,21109,351],{"class":278},[44,21111,7046],{"class":282},[44,21113,351],{"class":278},[44,21115,66],{"class":58},[44,21117,360],{"class":278},[44,21119,12253],{"class":282},[44,21121,351],{"class":278},[44,21123,8612],{"class":58},[44,21125,8615],{"class":58},[44,21127,351],{"class":278},[44,21129,8677],{"class":282},[44,21131,351],{"class":278},[44,21133,66],{"class":58},[44,21135,8684],{"class":62},[44,21137,8628],{"class":58},[20,21139,21140,21141,188,21143,86],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[184,21142,8534],{"href":12396},[184,21144,14395],{"href":21145},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,21147,196],{"id":195},[20,21149,4810],{},[35,21151,21153],{"className":37,"code":21152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21154,21155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21156,21157,21159,21161,21163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21158,10825],{"class":50},[44,21160,86],{"class":58},[44,21162,922],{"class":89},[44,21164,913],{"class":58},[20,21166,21167],{},"Things to remember:",[165,21169,21170,21175,21178],{},[168,21171,21172,21174],{},[15,21173,16447],{}," does not take any arguments",[168,21176,21177],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[168,21179,21180],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21182,894],{},[35,21184,21186],{"className":37,"code":21185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21187,21188,21220,21224,21238,21242,21252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21189,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21191,4437],{"class":50},[44,21193,55],{"class":54},[44,21195,59],{"class":58},[44,21197,279],{"class":278},[44,21199,4377],{"class":282},[44,21201,279],{"class":278},[44,21203,1084],{"class":58},[44,21205,19264],{"class":62},[44,21207,66],{"class":58},[44,21209,290],{"class":278},[44,21211,4386],{"class":282},[44,21213,279],{"class":278},[44,21215,1084],{"class":58},[44,21217,12878],{"class":62},[44,21219,77],{"class":58},[44,21221,21222],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21223,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21225,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21227,1602],{"class":50},[44,21229,55],{"class":54},[44,21231,4484],{"class":50},[44,21233,86],{"class":58},[44,21235,922],{"class":89},[44,21237,913],{"class":58},[44,21239,21240],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,21241,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21243,21244,21246,21248,21250],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,21245,106],{"class":105},[44,21247,93],{"class":58},[44,21249,1637],{"class":89},[44,21251,99],{"class":58},[44,21253,21254,21256,21258,21260],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,21255,106],{"class":105},[44,21257,93],{"class":58},[44,21259,15757],{"class":89},[44,21261,99],{"class":58},[20,21263,21264],{},[116,21265,118],{},[35,21267,21269],{"className":37,"code":21268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21270,21271,21304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21272,21273,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21274,21275],{"class":89},"dict_items",[44,21277,9035],{"class":58},[44,21279,351],{"class":278},[44,21281,4377],{"class":282},[44,21283,351],{"class":278},[44,21285,66],{"class":58},[44,21287,19264],{"class":62},[44,21289,8612],{"class":58},[44,21291,8615],{"class":58},[44,21293,351],{"class":278},[44,21295,4386],{"class":282},[44,21297,351],{"class":278},[44,21299,66],{"class":58},[44,21301,12878],{"class":62},[44,21303,10055],{"class":58},[44,21305,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21307,128],{"class":58},[44,21309,351],{"class":278},[44,21311,4377],{"class":282},[44,21313,351],{"class":278},[44,21315,1084],{"class":58},[44,21317,19264],{"class":62},[44,21319,66],{"class":58},[44,21321,360],{"class":278},[44,21323,4386],{"class":282},[44,21325,351],{"class":278},[44,21327,1084],{"class":58},[44,21329,12878],{"class":62},[44,21331,77],{"class":58},[20,21333,20258],{},[30,21335,21337],{"id":21336},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21339,21340,21342,21343,21345],{},[15,21341,16447],{}," returns a ",[15,21344,21275],{}," view object.",[20,21347,1478],{},[165,21349,21350,21353,21356],{},[168,21351,21352],{},"You can loop over it",[168,21354,21355],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[168,21357,21358],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21360,894],{},[35,21362,21364],{"className":37,"code":21363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21365,21366,21398,21412,21416,21430,21434,21453,21457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21367,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21369,8544],{"class":50},[44,21371,55],{"class":54},[44,21373,59],{"class":58},[44,21375,279],{"class":278},[44,21377,1545],{"class":282},[44,21379,279],{"class":278},[44,21381,1084],{"class":58},[44,21383,4874],{"class":62},[44,21385,66],{"class":58},[44,21387,290],{"class":278},[44,21389,11118],{"class":282},[44,21391,279],{"class":278},[44,21393,1084],{"class":58},[44,21395,69],{"class":62},[44,21397,77],{"class":58},[44,21399,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21401,8594],{"class":50},[44,21403,55],{"class":54},[44,21405,13938],{"class":50},[44,21407,86],{"class":58},[44,21409,922],{"class":89},[44,21411,913],{"class":58},[44,21413,21414],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21415,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21417,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,21419,106],{"class":105},[44,21421,93],{"class":58},[44,21423,1097],{"class":909},[44,21425,93],{"class":58},[44,21427,8641],{"class":89},[44,21429,973],{"class":58},[44,21431,21432],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,21433,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21435,21436,21438,21440,21442,21445,21447,21449,21451],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,21437,8583],{"class":50},[44,21439,3270],{"class":58},[44,21441,279],{"class":278},[44,21443,21444],{"class":282},"z",[44,21446,279],{"class":278},[44,21448,12644],{"class":58},[44,21450,12647],{"class":54},[44,21452,1948],{"class":62},[44,21454,21455],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,21456,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21458,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,21460,106],{"class":105},[44,21462,93],{"class":58},[44,21464,1097],{"class":909},[44,21466,93],{"class":58},[44,21468,8641],{"class":89},[44,21470,973],{"class":58},[20,21472,21473],{},[116,21474,118],{},[35,21476,21478],{"className":37,"code":21477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21479,21480,21510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21481,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21483,21107],{"class":58},[44,21485,351],{"class":278},[44,21487,1545],{"class":282},[44,21489,351],{"class":278},[44,21491,66],{"class":58},[44,21493,4874],{"class":62},[44,21495,8612],{"class":58},[44,21497,8615],{"class":58},[44,21499,351],{"class":278},[44,21501,11118],{"class":282},[44,21503,351],{"class":278},[44,21505,66],{"class":58},[44,21507,69],{"class":62},[44,21509,8628],{"class":58},[44,21511,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21513,21107],{"class":58},[44,21515,351],{"class":278},[44,21517,1545],{"class":282},[44,21519,351],{"class":278},[44,21521,66],{"class":58},[44,21523,4874],{"class":62},[44,21525,8612],{"class":58},[44,21527,8615],{"class":58},[44,21529,351],{"class":278},[44,21531,11118],{"class":282},[44,21533,351],{"class":278},[44,21535,66],{"class":58},[44,21537,69],{"class":62},[44,21539,8612],{"class":58},[44,21541,8615],{"class":58},[44,21543,351],{"class":278},[44,21545,21444],{"class":282},[44,21547,351],{"class":278},[44,21549,66],{"class":58},[44,21551,74],{"class":62},[44,21553,8628],{"class":58},[20,21555,21556,21557,21559],{},"This happens because ",[15,21558,8641],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,21561,21563,21564],{"id":21562},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21565,16447],{},[20,21567,21568,21569,1084],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21570,16447],{},[35,21572,21574],{"className":37,"code":21573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21575,21576,21629,21633,21653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21577,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625,21627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21579,12236],{"class":50},[44,21581,55],{"class":54},[44,21583,59],{"class":58},[44,21585,279],{"class":278},[44,21587,7046],{"class":282},[44,21589,279],{"class":278},[44,21591,1084],{"class":58},[44,21593,290],{"class":278},[44,21595,7299],{"class":282},[44,21597,279],{"class":278},[44,21599,66],{"class":58},[44,21601,290],{"class":278},[44,21603,19257],{"class":282},[44,21605,279],{"class":278},[44,21607,1084],{"class":58},[44,21609,290],{"class":278},[44,21611,21612],{"class":282},"A",[44,21614,279],{"class":278},[44,21616,66],{"class":58},[44,21618,290],{"class":278},[44,21620,8677],{"class":282},[44,21622,279],{"class":278},[44,21624,1084],{"class":58},[44,21626,13229],{"class":62},[44,21628,77],{"class":58},[44,21630,21631],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21632,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21634,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21636,5334],{"class":3246},[44,21638,20946],{"class":50},[44,21640,66],{"class":58},[44,21642,20951],{"class":50},[44,21644,3253],{"class":3246},[44,21646,12279],{"class":50},[44,21648,86],{"class":58},[44,21650,922],{"class":89},[44,21652,20962],{"class":58},[44,21654,21655,21657,21659,21662,21664,21666,21668,21671,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,21656,7447],{"class":105},[44,21658,93],{"class":58},[44,21660,21661],{"class":1436},"f",[44,21663,279],{"class":282},[44,21665,128],{"class":62},[44,21667,14212],{"class":89},[44,21669,21670],{"class":62},"}",[44,21672,21673],{"class":282},": ",[44,21675,128],{"class":62},[44,21677,1188],{"class":89},[44,21679,21670],{"class":62},[44,21681,279],{"class":282},[44,21683,99],{"class":58},[20,21685,21686],{},[116,21687,118],{},[35,21689,21691],{"className":37,"code":21690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21692,21693,21702,21711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21694,21695,21697,21699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21696,7046],{"class":50},[44,21698,1084],{"class":58},[44,21700,21701],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,21703,21704,21706,21708],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21705,19257],{"class":50},[44,21707,1084],{"class":58},[44,21709,21710],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,21712,21713,21715,21717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21714,8677],{"class":50},[44,21716,1084],{"class":58},[44,21718,21719],{"class":62}," 14\n",[20,21721,21722],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,21724,21726],{"className":37,"code":21725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21727,21728,21780,21784,21796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21729,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21731,12236],{"class":50},[44,21733,55],{"class":54},[44,21735,59],{"class":58},[44,21737,279],{"class":278},[44,21739,7046],{"class":282},[44,21741,279],{"class":278},[44,21743,1084],{"class":58},[44,21745,290],{"class":278},[44,21747,7299],{"class":282},[44,21749,279],{"class":278},[44,21751,66],{"class":58},[44,21753,290],{"class":278},[44,21755,19257],{"class":282},[44,21757,279],{"class":278},[44,21759,1084],{"class":58},[44,21761,290],{"class":278},[44,21763,21612],{"class":282},[44,21765,279],{"class":278},[44,21767,66],{"class":58},[44,21769,290],{"class":278},[44,21771,8677],{"class":282},[44,21773,279],{"class":278},[44,21775,1084],{"class":58},[44,21777,13229],{"class":62},[44,21779,77],{"class":58},[44,21781,21782],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21783,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21785,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21787,5334],{"class":3246},[44,21789,17575],{"class":50},[44,21791,3253],{"class":3246},[44,21793,12279],{"class":50},[44,21795,5770],{"class":58},[44,21797,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,21799,7447],{"class":105},[44,21801,93],{"class":58},[44,21803,21661],{"class":1436},[44,21805,279],{"class":282},[44,21807,128],{"class":62},[44,21809,14212],{"class":89},[44,21811,21670],{"class":62},[44,21813,21673],{"class":282},[44,21815,128],{"class":62},[44,21817,12997],{"class":89},[44,21819,3270],{"class":58},[44,21821,14212],{"class":89},[44,21823,12644],{"class":58},[44,21825,21670],{"class":62},[44,21827,279],{"class":282},[44,21829,99],{"class":58},[20,21831,5886,21832,21835],{},[15,21833,21834],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,21837,21838,21839,86],{},"For a full guide, see ",[184,21840,21842],{"href":21841},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,21844,21846],{"id":21845},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,21848,21849],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,21851,21853],{"className":37,"code":21852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,21854,21855,21914,21918,21938,21942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21856,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21892,21894,21896,21898,21901,21903,21905,21907,21910,21912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21858,271],{"class":50},[44,21860,55],{"class":54},[44,21862,59],{"class":58},[44,21864,279],{"class":278},[44,21866,3450],{"class":282},[44,21868,279],{"class":278},[44,21870,1084],{"class":58},[44,21872,290],{"class":278},[44,21874,283],{"class":282},[44,21876,279],{"class":278},[44,21878,66],{"class":58},[44,21880,290],{"class":278},[44,21882,3459],{"class":282},[44,21884,279],{"class":278},[44,21886,1084],{"class":58},[44,21888,290],{"class":278},[44,21890,21891],{"class":282},"yellow",[44,21893,279],{"class":278},[44,21895,66],{"class":58},[44,21897,290],{"class":278},[44,21899,21900],{"class":282},"grape",[44,21902,279],{"class":278},[44,21904,1084],{"class":58},[44,21906,290],{"class":278},[44,21908,21909],{"class":282},"purple",[44,21911,279],{"class":278},[44,21913,77],{"class":58},[44,21915,21916],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,21917,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21919,21920,21923,21925,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21921,21922],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,21924,55],{"class":54},[44,21926,21927],{"class":909}," list",[44,21929,93],{"class":58},[44,21931,302],{"class":89},[44,21933,86],{"class":58},[44,21935,922],{"class":89},[44,21937,6571],{"class":58},[44,21939,21940],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,21941,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,21943,21944,21946,21948,21951],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,21945,106],{"class":105},[44,21947,93],{"class":58},[44,21949,21950],{"class":89},"pairs_list",[44,21952,99],{"class":58},[20,21954,21955],{},[116,21956,118],{},[35,21958,21960],{"className":37,"code":21959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,21961,21962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21963,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21965,21107],{"class":58},[44,21967,351],{"class":278},[44,21969,3450],{"class":282},[44,21971,351],{"class":278},[44,21973,66],{"class":58},[44,21975,360],{"class":278},[44,21977,283],{"class":282},[44,21979,351],{"class":278},[44,21981,8612],{"class":58},[44,21983,8615],{"class":58},[44,21985,351],{"class":278},[44,21987,3459],{"class":282},[44,21989,351],{"class":278},[44,21991,66],{"class":58},[44,21993,360],{"class":278},[44,21995,21891],{"class":282},[44,21997,351],{"class":278},[44,21999,8612],{"class":58},[44,22001,8615],{"class":58},[44,22003,351],{"class":278},[44,22005,21900],{"class":282},[44,22007,351],{"class":278},[44,22009,66],{"class":58},[44,22011,360],{"class":278},[44,22013,21909],{"class":282},[44,22015,351],{"class":278},[44,22017,8628],{"class":58},[20,22019,22020],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22022,22023],{},"Use this when:",[165,22025,22026,22029,22032],{},[168,22027,22028],{},"You want clearer printed output",[168,22030,22031],{},"You need list behavior",[168,22033,22034],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,22036,22038,525,22040,525,22042],{"id":22037},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22039,16447],{},[15,22041,16434],{},[15,22043,16440],{},[20,22045,22046],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[165,22048,22049,22054,22059],{},[168,22050,22051,22053],{},[15,22052,16447],{}," gives both key and value",[168,22055,22056,22058],{},[15,22057,16434],{}," gives only keys",[168,22060,22061,22063],{},[15,22062,16440],{}," gives only values",[20,22065,894],{},[35,22067,22069],{"className":37,"code":22068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22070,22071,22107,22111,22129,22147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22072,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22074,12575],{"class":50},[44,22076,55],{"class":54},[44,22078,59],{"class":58},[44,22080,279],{"class":278},[44,22082,7046],{"class":282},[44,22084,279],{"class":278},[44,22086,1084],{"class":58},[44,22088,290],{"class":278},[44,22090,12253],{"class":282},[44,22092,279],{"class":278},[44,22094,66],{"class":58},[44,22096,290],{"class":278},[44,22098,8677],{"class":282},[44,22100,279],{"class":278},[44,22102,1084],{"class":58},[44,22104,8684],{"class":62},[44,22106,77],{"class":58},[44,22108,22109],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22110,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,22112,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22114,106],{"class":105},[44,22116,93],{"class":58},[44,22118,1097],{"class":909},[44,22120,93],{"class":58},[44,22122,16676],{"class":89},[44,22124,86],{"class":58},[44,22126,16292],{"class":89},[44,22128,5666],{"class":58},[44,22130,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,22132,106],{"class":105},[44,22134,93],{"class":58},[44,22136,1097],{"class":909},[44,22138,93],{"class":58},[44,22140,16676],{"class":89},[44,22142,86],{"class":58},[44,22144,4734],{"class":89},[44,22146,5666],{"class":58},[44,22148,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,22150,106],{"class":105},[44,22152,93],{"class":58},[44,22154,1097],{"class":909},[44,22156,93],{"class":58},[44,22158,16676],{"class":89},[44,22160,86],{"class":58},[44,22162,922],{"class":89},[44,22164,5666],{"class":58},[20,22166,22167],{},[116,22168,118],{},[35,22170,22172],{"className":37,"code":22171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22173,22174,22194,22210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22175,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22177,3270],{"class":58},[44,22179,351],{"class":278},[44,22181,7046],{"class":282},[44,22183,351],{"class":278},[44,22185,66],{"class":58},[44,22187,360],{"class":278},[44,22189,8677],{"class":282},[44,22191,351],{"class":278},[44,22193,3005],{"class":58},[44,22195,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22197,3270],{"class":58},[44,22199,351],{"class":278},[44,22201,12253],{"class":282},[44,22203,351],{"class":278},[44,22205,66],{"class":58},[44,22207,8684],{"class":62},[44,22209,3005],{"class":58},[44,22211,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22213,21107],{"class":58},[44,22215,351],{"class":278},[44,22217,7046],{"class":282},[44,22219,351],{"class":278},[44,22221,66],{"class":58},[44,22223,360],{"class":278},[44,22225,12253],{"class":282},[44,22227,351],{"class":278},[44,22229,8612],{"class":58},[44,22231,8615],{"class":58},[44,22233,351],{"class":278},[44,22235,8677],{"class":282},[44,22237,351],{"class":278},[44,22239,66],{"class":58},[44,22241,8684],{"class":62},[44,22243,8628],{"class":58},[20,22245,22246],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[165,22248,22249,22257,22265],{},[168,22250,22251,22252],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[184,22253,22255],{"href":22254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22256,16434],{},[168,22258,22259,22260],{},"Need just values? Use ",[184,22261,22263],{"href":22262},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22264,16440],{},[168,22266,22267,22268],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22269,16447],{},[30,22271,4334,22273],{"id":22272},"when-to-use-items",[15,22274,16447],{},[20,22276,22277,22279],{},[15,22278,16447],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[165,22281,22282,22285,22288,22291,22294],{},[168,22283,22284],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[168,22286,22287],{},"Building formatted output",[168,22289,22290],{},"Looping through settings and values",[168,22292,22293],{},"Showing names with scores",[168,22295,22296],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22298,894],{},[35,22300,22302],{"className":37,"code":22301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22303,22304,22312,22330,22349,22361,22365,22369,22390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22305,22306,22308,22310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22307,13197],{"class":50},[44,22309,55],{"class":54},[44,22311,10865],{"class":58},[44,22313,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22315,10870],{"class":278},[44,22317,11867],{"class":282},[44,22319,279],{"class":278},[44,22321,1084],{"class":58},[44,22323,290],{"class":278},[44,22325,11876],{"class":282},[44,22327,279],{"class":278},[44,22329,10886],{"class":58},[44,22331,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22345,22347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22333,10870],{"class":278},[44,22335,19489],{"class":282},[44,22337,279],{"class":278},[44,22339,1084],{"class":58},[44,22341,290],{"class":278},[44,22343,22344],{"class":282},"English",[44,22346,279],{"class":278},[44,22348,10886],{"class":58},[44,22350,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,22352,10870],{"class":278},[44,22354,17891],{"class":282},[44,22356,279],{"class":278},[44,22358,1084],{"class":58},[44,22360,5799],{"class":871},[44,22362,22363],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,22364,77],{"class":58},[44,22366,22367],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,22368,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,22370,22371,22373,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,22372,5334],{"class":3246},[44,22374,22375],{"class":50}," setting",[44,22377,66],{"class":58},[44,22379,20951],{"class":50},[44,22381,3253],{"class":3246},[44,22383,13241],{"class":50},[44,22385,86],{"class":58},[44,22387,922],{"class":89},[44,22389,20962],{"class":58},[44,22391,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22405,22407,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,22393,7447],{"class":105},[44,22395,93],{"class":58},[44,22397,21661],{"class":1436},[44,22399,279],{"class":282},[44,22401,128],{"class":62},[44,22403,22404],{"class":89},"setting",[44,22406,21670],{"class":62},[44,22408,22409],{"class":282}," = ",[44,22411,128],{"class":62},[44,22413,1188],{"class":89},[44,22415,21670],{"class":62},[44,22417,279],{"class":282},[44,22419,99],{"class":58},[20,22421,22422],{},[116,22423,118],{},[35,22425,22427],{"className":37,"code":22426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22428,22429,22439,22449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22430,22431,22434,22436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22432,22433],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,22435,55],{"class":54},[44,22437,22438],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,22440,22441,22444,22446],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22442,22443],{"class":50},"language ",[44,22445,55],{"class":54},[44,22447,22448],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,22450,22451,22454,22456],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22452,22453],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,22455,55],{"class":54},[44,22457,5799],{"class":871},[30,22459,1113],{"id":1112},[20,22461,22462,22463,86],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22464,16447],{},[693,22466,22468,22469,22471],{"id":22467},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22470,16447],{}," incorrectly",[20,22473,22474,22475,22477,22478,22481],{},"Each result from ",[15,22476,16447],{}," has ",[116,22479,22480],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22483,6064],{},[35,22485,22486],{"className":37,"code":20897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,22487,22488,22524,22528,22548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22489,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22491,12575],{"class":50},[44,22493,55],{"class":54},[44,22495,59],{"class":58},[44,22497,279],{"class":278},[44,22499,7046],{"class":282},[44,22501,279],{"class":278},[44,22503,1084],{"class":58},[44,22505,290],{"class":278},[44,22507,12253],{"class":282},[44,22509,279],{"class":278},[44,22511,66],{"class":58},[44,22513,290],{"class":278},[44,22515,8677],{"class":282},[44,22517,279],{"class":278},[44,22519,1084],{"class":58},[44,22521,8684],{"class":62},[44,22523,77],{"class":58},[44,22525,22526],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22527,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,22529,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22531,5334],{"class":3246},[44,22533,20946],{"class":50},[44,22535,66],{"class":58},[44,22537,20951],{"class":50},[44,22539,3253],{"class":3246},[44,22541,12618],{"class":50},[44,22543,86],{"class":58},[44,22545,922],{"class":89},[44,22547,20962],{"class":58},[44,22549,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,22551,7447],{"class":105},[44,22553,93],{"class":58},[44,22555,14212],{"class":89},[44,22557,66],{"class":58},[44,22559,7811],{"class":89},[44,22561,99],{"class":58},[20,22563,22564],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,22566,22568],{"className":37,"code":22567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22569,22570,22606,22610,22626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22571,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22573,12575],{"class":50},[44,22575,55],{"class":54},[44,22577,59],{"class":58},[44,22579,279],{"class":278},[44,22581,7046],{"class":282},[44,22583,279],{"class":278},[44,22585,1084],{"class":58},[44,22587,290],{"class":278},[44,22589,12253],{"class":282},[44,22591,279],{"class":278},[44,22593,66],{"class":58},[44,22595,290],{"class":278},[44,22597,8677],{"class":282},[44,22599,279],{"class":278},[44,22601,1084],{"class":58},[44,22603,8684],{"class":62},[44,22605,77],{"class":58},[44,22607,22608],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22609,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,22611,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22613,5334],{"class":3246},[44,22615,17575],{"class":50},[44,22617,3253],{"class":3246},[44,22619,12618],{"class":50},[44,22621,86],{"class":58},[44,22623,922],{"class":89},[44,22625,20962],{"class":58},[44,22627,22628,22630,22632,22634],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,22629,7447],{"class":105},[44,22631,93],{"class":58},[44,22633,14212],{"class":89},[44,22635,99],{"class":58},[20,22637,22638,22639,22641,22642,22645],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22640,14212],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22643,22644],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22647,22648],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,22650,22652],{"className":37,"code":22651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22653,22654,22670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22655,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22657,5334],{"class":3246},[44,22659,5337],{"class":50},[44,22661,3253],{"class":3246},[44,22663,12618],{"class":50},[44,22665,86],{"class":58},[44,22667,922],{"class":89},[44,22669,20962],{"class":58},[44,22671,22672,22674,22676,22678],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22673,7447],{"class":105},[44,22675,93],{"class":58},[44,22677,215],{"class":89},[44,22679,99],{"class":58},[20,22681,22682],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,22684,22686],{"className":37,"code":22685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22687,22688,22708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22689,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22691,5334],{"class":3246},[44,22693,20946],{"class":50},[44,22695,66],{"class":58},[44,22697,20951],{"class":50},[44,22699,3253],{"class":3246},[44,22701,12618],{"class":50},[44,22703,86],{"class":58},[44,22705,922],{"class":89},[44,22707,20962],{"class":58},[44,22709,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22711,7447],{"class":105},[44,22713,93],{"class":58},[44,22715,14212],{"class":89},[44,22717,66],{"class":58},[44,22719,7811],{"class":89},[44,22721,99],{"class":58},[693,22723,1129,22725,22727],{"id":22724},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22726,16447],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22729,22730,21342,22732,22734],{},[15,22731,16447],{},[15,22733,21275],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22736,22737],{},"Check it:",[35,22739,22741],{"className":37,"code":22740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22742,22743,22775,22779,22793,22811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22744,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22746,11097],{"class":50},[44,22748,55],{"class":54},[44,22750,59],{"class":58},[44,22752,279],{"class":278},[44,22754,184],{"class":282},[44,22756,279],{"class":278},[44,22758,1084],{"class":58},[44,22760,4874],{"class":62},[44,22762,66],{"class":58},[44,22764,290],{"class":278},[44,22766,563],{"class":282},[44,22768,279],{"class":278},[44,22770,1084],{"class":58},[44,22772,69],{"class":62},[44,22774,77],{"class":58},[44,22776,22777],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22778,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,22780,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22782,106],{"class":105},[44,22784,93],{"class":58},[44,22786,10825],{"class":89},[44,22788,86],{"class":58},[44,22790,922],{"class":89},[44,22792,6571],{"class":58},[44,22794,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,22796,106],{"class":105},[44,22798,93],{"class":58},[44,22800,1090],{"class":909},[44,22802,93],{"class":58},[44,22804,10825],{"class":89},[44,22806,86],{"class":58},[44,22808,922],{"class":89},[44,22810,5666],{"class":58},[44,22812,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,22814,106],{"class":105},[44,22816,93],{"class":58},[44,22818,1097],{"class":909},[44,22820,93],{"class":58},[44,22822,10825],{"class":89},[44,22824,86],{"class":58},[44,22826,922],{"class":89},[44,22828,5666],{"class":58},[20,22830,22831],{},[116,22832,118],{},[35,22834,22836],{"className":37,"code":22835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,22837,22838,22870,22884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22839,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22841,21275],{"class":89},[44,22843,9035],{"class":58},[44,22845,351],{"class":278},[44,22847,184],{"class":282},[44,22849,351],{"class":278},[44,22851,66],{"class":58},[44,22853,4874],{"class":62},[44,22855,8612],{"class":58},[44,22857,8615],{"class":58},[44,22859,351],{"class":278},[44,22861,563],{"class":282},[44,22863,351],{"class":278},[44,22865,66],{"class":58},[44,22867,69],{"class":62},[44,22869,10055],{"class":58},[44,22871,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22873,2659],{"class":54},[44,22875,2662],{"class":1436},[44,22877,360],{"class":278},[44,22879,21275],{"class":282},[44,22881,351],{"class":278},[44,22883,2671],{"class":54},[44,22885,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22887,21107],{"class":58},[44,22889,351],{"class":278},[44,22891,184],{"class":282},[44,22893,351],{"class":278},[44,22895,66],{"class":58},[44,22897,4874],{"class":62},[44,22899,8612],{"class":58},[44,22901,8615],{"class":58},[44,22903,351],{"class":278},[44,22905,563],{"class":282},[44,22907,351],{"class":278},[44,22909,66],{"class":58},[44,22911,69],{"class":62},[44,22913,8628],{"class":58},[693,22915,22917,22918],{"id":22916},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,22919,16447],{},[20,22921,22922],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,22924,22925],{},"Problem example:",[35,22927,22929],{"className":37,"code":22928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,22930,22931,22975,22979,22999,23011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22932,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22934,51],{"class":50},[44,22936,55],{"class":54},[44,22938,59],{"class":58},[44,22940,279],{"class":278},[44,22942,184],{"class":282},[44,22944,279],{"class":278},[44,22946,1084],{"class":58},[44,22948,4874],{"class":62},[44,22950,66],{"class":58},[44,22952,290],{"class":278},[44,22954,563],{"class":282},[44,22956,279],{"class":278},[44,22958,1084],{"class":58},[44,22960,69],{"class":62},[44,22962,66],{"class":58},[44,22964,290],{"class":278},[44,22966,583],{"class":282},[44,22968,279],{"class":278},[44,22970,1084],{"class":58},[44,22972,74],{"class":62},[44,22974,77],{"class":58},[44,22976,22977],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,22978,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,22980,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22982,5334],{"class":3246},[44,22984,20946],{"class":50},[44,22986,66],{"class":58},[44,22988,20951],{"class":50},[44,22990,3253],{"class":3246},[44,22992,3635],{"class":50},[44,22994,86],{"class":58},[44,22996,922],{"class":89},[44,22998,20962],{"class":58},[44,23000,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,23002,5775],{"class":3246},[44,23004,20951],{"class":50},[44,23006,4061],{"class":54},[44,23008,69],{"class":62},[44,23010,5770],{"class":58},[44,23012,23013,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,23014,23015],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,23017,3270],{"class":58},[44,23019,279],{"class":278},[44,23021,663],{"class":282},[44,23023,279],{"class":278},[44,23025,12644],{"class":58},[44,23027,12647],{"class":54},[44,23029,23030],{"class":62}," 4\n",[20,23032,23033],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23035,23036],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,23038,23040],{"className":37,"code":23039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23041,23042,23086,23090,23115,23127,23145,23149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23043,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23045,51],{"class":50},[44,23047,55],{"class":54},[44,23049,59],{"class":58},[44,23051,279],{"class":278},[44,23053,184],{"class":282},[44,23055,279],{"class":278},[44,23057,1084],{"class":58},[44,23059,4874],{"class":62},[44,23061,66],{"class":58},[44,23063,290],{"class":278},[44,23065,563],{"class":282},[44,23067,279],{"class":278},[44,23069,1084],{"class":58},[44,23071,69],{"class":62},[44,23073,66],{"class":58},[44,23075,290],{"class":278},[44,23077,583],{"class":282},[44,23079,279],{"class":278},[44,23081,1084],{"class":58},[44,23083,74],{"class":62},[44,23085,77],{"class":58},[44,23087,23088],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23089,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,23091,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23093,5334],{"class":3246},[44,23095,20946],{"class":50},[44,23097,66],{"class":58},[44,23099,20951],{"class":50},[44,23101,3253],{"class":3246},[44,23103,21927],{"class":909},[44,23105,93],{"class":58},[44,23107,83],{"class":89},[44,23109,86],{"class":58},[44,23111,922],{"class":89},[44,23113,23114],{"class":58},"()):\n",[44,23116,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,23118,5775],{"class":3246},[44,23120,20951],{"class":50},[44,23122,4061],{"class":54},[44,23124,69],{"class":62},[44,23126,5770],{"class":58},[44,23128,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,23130,23015],{"class":50},[44,23132,3270],{"class":58},[44,23134,279],{"class":278},[44,23136,663],{"class":282},[44,23138,279],{"class":278},[44,23140,12644],{"class":58},[44,23142,12647],{"class":54},[44,23144,23030],{"class":62},[44,23146,23147],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,23148,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,23150,23151,23153,23155,23157],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,23152,106],{"class":105},[44,23154,93],{"class":58},[44,23156,83],{"class":89},[44,23158,99],{"class":58},[693,23160,23162],{"id":23161},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23164,23165],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,23167,23169],{"className":37,"code":23168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23170,23171,23203,23207,23223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23172,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23174,8544],{"class":50},[44,23176,55],{"class":54},[44,23178,59],{"class":58},[44,23180,279],{"class":278},[44,23182,1545],{"class":282},[44,23184,279],{"class":278},[44,23186,1084],{"class":58},[44,23188,5381],{"class":62},[44,23190,66],{"class":58},[44,23192,290],{"class":278},[44,23194,11118],{"class":282},[44,23196,279],{"class":278},[44,23198,1084],{"class":58},[44,23200,7168],{"class":62},[44,23202,77],{"class":58},[44,23204,23205],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23206,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,23208,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23210,5334],{"class":3246},[44,23212,5337],{"class":50},[44,23214,3253],{"class":3246},[44,23216,13938],{"class":50},[44,23218,86],{"class":58},[44,23220,922],{"class":89},[44,23222,20962],{"class":58},[44,23224,23225,23227,23229,23231],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,23226,7447],{"class":105},[44,23228,93],{"class":58},[44,23230,215],{"class":89},[44,23232,99],{"class":58},[20,23234,23235],{},[116,23236,118],{},[35,23238,23240],{"className":37,"code":23239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23241,23242,23258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23243,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23245,93],{"class":58},[44,23247,351],{"class":278},[44,23249,1545],{"class":282},[44,23251,351],{"class":278},[44,23253,66],{"class":58},[44,23255,5381],{"class":62},[44,23257,99],{"class":58},[44,23259,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23261,93],{"class":58},[44,23263,351],{"class":278},[44,23265,11118],{"class":282},[44,23267,351],{"class":278},[44,23269,66],{"class":58},[44,23271,7168],{"class":62},[44,23273,99],{"class":58},[20,23275,23276,23277,23279],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23278,21022],{}," pair.",[30,23281,1235],{"id":1234},[693,23283,23285,23286,4519],{"id":23284},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23287,16447],{},[20,23289,16789,23290,23292],{},[15,23291,21275],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[693,23294,1239,23296,23298],{"id":23295},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23297,16447],{}," return a list?",[20,23300,23301,23302,23305],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23303,23304],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[693,23307,23309,23310,1863],{"id":23308},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23311,16447],{},[20,23313,23314],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,23316,23318],{"className":37,"code":23317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23319,23320,23340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23321,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23323,5334],{"class":3246},[44,23325,20946],{"class":50},[44,23327,66],{"class":58},[44,23329,20951],{"class":50},[44,23331,3253],{"class":3246},[44,23333,11139],{"class":50},[44,23335,86],{"class":58},[44,23337,922],{"class":89},[44,23339,20962],{"class":58},[44,23341,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23343,7447],{"class":105},[44,23345,93],{"class":58},[44,23347,14212],{"class":89},[44,23349,66],{"class":58},[44,23351,7811],{"class":89},[44,23353,99],{"class":58},[693,23355,1239,23357,23359],{"id":23356},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23358,16447],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23361,23362],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,23364,1279],{"id":1278},[165,23366,23367,23373,23379,23384,23388],{},[168,23368,23369],{},[184,23370,10113,23371,718],{"href":22254},[15,23372,16434],{},[168,23374,23375],{},[184,23376,10113,23377,718],{"href":22262},[15,23378,16440],{},[168,23380,23381],{},[184,23382,23383],{"href":21841},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[168,23385,23386],{},[184,23387,8534],{"href":12396},[168,23389,23390],{},[184,23391,23392],{"href":21145},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1304,23394,23395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":23397},[23398,23399,23401,23402,23403,23405,23406,23408,23410,23419,23429],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":21005,"depth":80,"text":23400},"What items() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":21336,"depth":80,"text":21337},{"id":21562,"depth":80,"text":23404},"Looping with items()",{"id":21845,"depth":80,"text":21846},{"id":22037,"depth":80,"text":23407},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22272,"depth":80,"text":23409},"When to use items()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":23411},[23412,23414,23416,23418],{"id":22467,"depth":102,"text":23413},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22724,"depth":102,"text":23415},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":22916,"depth":102,"text":23417},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23161,"depth":102,"text":23162},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":23420},[23421,23423,23425,23427],{"id":23284,"depth":102,"text":23422},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23295,"depth":102,"text":23424},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23308,"depth":102,"text":23426},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23356,"depth":102,"text":23428},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":20873,"description":23430},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23437,"title":23438,"body":23439,"description":25529,"extension":1334,"meta":25530,"navigation":322,"path":22254,"seo":25531,"stem":25532,"__hash__":25533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23440,"toc":25495},[23441,23446,23452,23455,23466,23473,23475,23558,23562,23609,23614,23619,23624,23626,23642,23644,23743,23747,23804,23807,23809,23812,23905,23909,23972,23975,23991,23996,23998,24000,24015,24017,24028,24030,24073,24076,24119,24122,24124,24131,24134,24151,24153,24246,24250,24291,24303,24307,24310,24398,24402,24422,24425,24452,24459,24464,24468,24479,24481,24585,24589,24615,24618,24685,24690,24693,24716,24721,24725,24730,24736,24741,24743,24798,24802,24829,24836,24842,24845,24870,24876,24902,24905,24980,24987,24992,24994,25033,25051,25055,25058,25101,25104,25106,25125,25127,25132,25157,25160,25230,25233,25306,25310,25312,25373,25376,25392,25394,25399,25404,25411,25420,25426,25432,25439,25445,25449,25454,25456,25492],[10,23442,10694,23444,18],{"id":23443},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23445,16434],{},[20,23447,23448,23449,23451],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23450,16434],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23453,23454],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[165,23456,23457,23460,23463],{},[168,23458,23459],{},"view the available keys",[168,23461,23462],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[168,23464,23465],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23467,23468,23470,23471,86],{},[15,23469,16434],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23472,16383],{},[30,23474,33],{"id":32},[35,23476,23478],{"className":37,"code":23477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23479,23480,23516,23530,23534,23544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23481,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23483,12236],{"class":50},[44,23485,55],{"class":54},[44,23487,59],{"class":58},[44,23489,279],{"class":278},[44,23491,7046],{"class":282},[44,23493,279],{"class":278},[44,23495,1084],{"class":58},[44,23497,290],{"class":278},[44,23499,12253],{"class":282},[44,23501,279],{"class":278},[44,23503,66],{"class":58},[44,23505,290],{"class":278},[44,23507,8677],{"class":282},[44,23509,279],{"class":278},[44,23511,1084],{"class":58},[44,23513,7168],{"class":62},[44,23515,77],{"class":58},[44,23517,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23519,16611],{"class":50},[44,23521,55],{"class":54},[44,23523,12279],{"class":50},[44,23525,86],{"class":58},[44,23527,16292],{"class":89},[44,23529,913],{"class":58},[44,23531,23532],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23533,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,23535,23536,23538,23540,23542],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,23537,106],{"class":105},[44,23539,93],{"class":58},[44,23541,16292],{"class":89},[44,23543,99],{"class":58},[44,23545,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,23547,106],{"class":105},[44,23549,93],{"class":58},[44,23551,1097],{"class":909},[44,23553,93],{"class":58},[44,23555,16292],{"class":89},[44,23557,973],{"class":58},[20,23559,23560],{},[116,23561,118],{},[35,23563,23565],{"className":37,"code":23564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23566,23567,23589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23568,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23570,16383],{"class":89},[44,23572,650],{"class":58},[44,23574,351],{"class":278},[44,23576,7046],{"class":282},[44,23578,351],{"class":278},[44,23580,66],{"class":58},[44,23582,360],{"class":278},[44,23584,8677],{"class":282},[44,23586,351],{"class":278},[44,23588,677],{"class":58},[44,23590,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23592,3270],{"class":58},[44,23594,351],{"class":278},[44,23596,7046],{"class":282},[44,23598,351],{"class":278},[44,23600,66],{"class":58},[44,23602,360],{"class":278},[44,23604,8677],{"class":282},[44,23606,351],{"class":278},[44,23608,3005],{"class":58},[20,23610,148,23611,23613],{},[15,23612,16434],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,23615,155,23617,158],{"id":23616},"what-keys-does",[15,23618,16434],{},[20,23620,23621,23623],{},[15,23622,16434],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23625,220],{},[165,23627,23628,23631,23634,23639],{},[168,23629,23630],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[168,23632,23633],{},"It does not need any arguments",[168,23635,16789,23636,23638],{},[15,23637,16383],{}," view object, not a list",[168,23640,23641],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23643,894],{},[35,23645,23647],{"className":37,"code":23646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23648,23649,23685,23689,23703,23707,23729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23650,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23652,12575],{"class":50},[44,23654,55],{"class":54},[44,23656,59],{"class":58},[44,23658,279],{"class":278},[44,23660,7046],{"class":282},[44,23662,279],{"class":278},[44,23664,1084],{"class":58},[44,23666,290],{"class":278},[44,23668,12592],{"class":282},[44,23670,279],{"class":278},[44,23672,66],{"class":58},[44,23674,290],{"class":278},[44,23676,8677],{"class":282},[44,23678,279],{"class":278},[44,23680,1084],{"class":58},[44,23682,8684],{"class":62},[44,23684,77],{"class":58},[44,23686,23687],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23688,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,23690,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23692,106],{"class":105},[44,23694,93],{"class":58},[44,23696,16676],{"class":89},[44,23698,86],{"class":58},[44,23700,16292],{"class":89},[44,23702,6571],{"class":58},[44,23704,23705],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,23706,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,23708,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,23710,16676],{"class":50},[44,23712,3270],{"class":58},[44,23714,279],{"class":278},[44,23716,9786],{"class":282},[44,23718,279],{"class":278},[44,23720,12644],{"class":58},[44,23722,12647],{"class":54},[44,23724,290],{"class":278},[44,23726,9793],{"class":282},[44,23728,2727],{"class":278},[44,23730,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,23732,106],{"class":105},[44,23734,93],{"class":58},[44,23736,16676],{"class":89},[44,23738,86],{"class":58},[44,23740,16292],{"class":89},[44,23742,6571],{"class":58},[20,23744,23745],{},[116,23746,118],{},[35,23748,23750],{"className":37,"code":23749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23751,23752,23774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23753,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23755,16383],{"class":89},[44,23757,650],{"class":58},[44,23759,351],{"class":278},[44,23761,7046],{"class":282},[44,23763,351],{"class":278},[44,23765,66],{"class":58},[44,23767,360],{"class":278},[44,23769,8677],{"class":282},[44,23771,351],{"class":278},[44,23773,677],{"class":58},[44,23775,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23777,16383],{"class":89},[44,23779,650],{"class":58},[44,23781,351],{"class":278},[44,23783,7046],{"class":282},[44,23785,351],{"class":278},[44,23787,66],{"class":58},[44,23789,360],{"class":278},[44,23791,8677],{"class":282},[44,23793,351],{"class":278},[44,23795,66],{"class":58},[44,23797,360],{"class":278},[44,23799,9786],{"class":282},[44,23801,351],{"class":278},[44,23803,677],{"class":58},[20,23805,23806],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,23808,5163],{"id":5162},[20,23810,23811],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,23813,23815],{"className":37,"code":23814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23816,23817,23869,23873,23887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23818,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23820,8544],{"class":50},[44,23822,55],{"class":54},[44,23824,59],{"class":58},[44,23826,279],{"class":278},[44,23828,7046],{"class":282},[44,23830,279],{"class":278},[44,23832,1084],{"class":58},[44,23834,290],{"class":278},[44,23836,12253],{"class":282},[44,23838,279],{"class":278},[44,23840,66],{"class":58},[44,23842,290],{"class":278},[44,23844,8677],{"class":282},[44,23846,279],{"class":278},[44,23848,1084],{"class":58},[44,23850,7168],{"class":62},[44,23852,66],{"class":58},[44,23854,290],{"class":278},[44,23856,19257],{"class":282},[44,23858,279],{"class":278},[44,23860,1084],{"class":58},[44,23862,290],{"class":278},[44,23864,21612],{"class":282},[44,23866,279],{"class":278},[44,23868,77],{"class":58},[44,23870,23871],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23872,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,23874,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23876,106],{"class":105},[44,23878,93],{"class":58},[44,23880,8583],{"class":89},[44,23882,86],{"class":58},[44,23884,16292],{"class":89},[44,23886,6571],{"class":58},[44,23888,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,23890,106],{"class":105},[44,23892,93],{"class":58},[44,23894,1097],{"class":909},[44,23896,93],{"class":58},[44,23898,8583],{"class":89},[44,23900,86],{"class":58},[44,23902,16292],{"class":89},[44,23904,5666],{"class":58},[20,23906,23907],{},[116,23908,118],{},[35,23910,23912],{"className":37,"code":23911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,23913,23914,23944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23915,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23917,16383],{"class":89},[44,23919,650],{"class":58},[44,23921,351],{"class":278},[44,23923,7046],{"class":282},[44,23925,351],{"class":278},[44,23927,66],{"class":58},[44,23929,360],{"class":278},[44,23931,8677],{"class":282},[44,23933,351],{"class":278},[44,23935,66],{"class":58},[44,23937,360],{"class":278},[44,23939,19257],{"class":282},[44,23941,351],{"class":278},[44,23943,677],{"class":58},[44,23945,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,23947,3270],{"class":58},[44,23949,351],{"class":278},[44,23951,7046],{"class":282},[44,23953,351],{"class":278},[44,23955,66],{"class":58},[44,23957,360],{"class":278},[44,23959,8677],{"class":282},[44,23961,351],{"class":278},[44,23963,66],{"class":58},[44,23965,360],{"class":278},[44,23967,19257],{"class":282},[44,23969,351],{"class":278},[44,23971,3005],{"class":58},[20,23973,23974],{},"This shows two things:",[165,23976,23977,23985],{},[168,23978,23979,21342,23982,23984],{},[15,23980,23981],{},"data.keys()",[15,23983,16383],{}," object",[168,23986,23987,23990],{},[15,23988,23989],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,23992,8530,23993,86],{},[184,23994,23995],{"href":8768},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,23997,4807],{"id":4806},[20,23999,1531],{},[35,24001,24003],{"className":37,"code":24002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24004,24005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24006,24007,24009,24011,24013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24008,10825],{"class":50},[44,24010,86],{"class":58},[44,24012,16292],{"class":89},[44,24014,913],{"class":58},[20,24016,21167],{},[165,24018,24019,24022,24025],{},[168,24020,24021],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[168,24023,24024],{},"It takes no parameters",[168,24026,24027],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24029,16024],{},[35,24031,24033],{"className":37,"code":24032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24034,24035,24059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24036,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24038,12236],{"class":50},[44,24040,55],{"class":54},[44,24042,59],{"class":58},[44,24044,279],{"class":278},[44,24046,7046],{"class":282},[44,24048,279],{"class":278},[44,24050,1084],{"class":58},[44,24052,290],{"class":278},[44,24054,12253],{"class":282},[44,24056,279],{"class":278},[44,24058,77],{"class":58},[44,24060,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24062,106],{"class":105},[44,24064,93],{"class":58},[44,24066,12997],{"class":89},[44,24068,86],{"class":58},[44,24070,16292],{"class":89},[44,24072,6571],{"class":58},[20,24074,24075],{},"Incorrect:",[35,24077,24079],{"className":37,"code":24078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24080,24081,24105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24082,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24084,12236],{"class":50},[44,24086,55],{"class":54},[44,24088,59],{"class":58},[44,24090,279],{"class":278},[44,24092,7046],{"class":282},[44,24094,279],{"class":278},[44,24096,1084],{"class":58},[44,24098,290],{"class":278},[44,24100,12253],{"class":282},[44,24102,279],{"class":278},[44,24104,77],{"class":58},[44,24106,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24108,106],{"class":105},[44,24110,93],{"class":58},[44,24112,12997],{"class":89},[44,24114,86],{"class":58},[44,24116,16292],{"class":1219},[44,24118,99],{"class":58},[20,24120,24121],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,24123,722],{"id":721},[20,24125,24126,21342,24128,24130],{},[15,24127,16434],{},[15,24129,16383],{}," object.",[20,24132,24133],{},"This object:",[165,24135,24136,24139,24142,24148],{},[168,24137,24138],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[168,24140,24141],{},"can be used in a loop",[168,24143,24144,24145],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24146,24147],{},"list()",[168,24149,24150],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24152,894],{},[35,24154,24156],{"className":37,"code":24155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24157,24158,24199,24203,24218,24222,24232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24159,24160,24163,24165,24167,24169,24172,24174,24176,24178,24181,24183,24185,24187,24190,24192,24194,24197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24161,24162],{"class":50},"car ",[44,24164,55],{"class":54},[44,24166,59],{"class":58},[44,24168,279],{"class":278},[44,24170,24171],{"class":282},"brand",[44,24173,279],{"class":278},[44,24175,1084],{"class":58},[44,24177,290],{"class":278},[44,24179,24180],{"class":282},"Toyota",[44,24182,279],{"class":278},[44,24184,66],{"class":58},[44,24186,290],{"class":278},[44,24188,24189],{"class":282},"year",[44,24191,279],{"class":278},[44,24193,1084],{"class":58},[44,24195,24196],{"class":62}," 2020",[44,24198,77],{"class":58},[44,24200,24201],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24202,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,24204,24205,24207,24209,24212,24214,24216],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24206,1602],{"class":50},[44,24208,55],{"class":54},[44,24210,24211],{"class":50}," car",[44,24213,86],{"class":58},[44,24215,16292],{"class":89},[44,24217,913],{"class":58},[44,24219,24220],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,24221,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,24223,24224,24226,24228,24230],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,24225,106],{"class":105},[44,24227,93],{"class":58},[44,24229,1637],{"class":89},[44,24231,99],{"class":58},[44,24233,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,24235,106],{"class":105},[44,24237,93],{"class":58},[44,24239,1090],{"class":909},[44,24241,93],{"class":58},[44,24243,1637],{"class":89},[44,24245,973],{"class":58},[20,24247,24248],{},[116,24249,118],{},[35,24251,24253],{"className":37,"code":24252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24254,24255,24277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24256,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24258,16383],{"class":89},[44,24260,650],{"class":58},[44,24262,351],{"class":278},[44,24264,24171],{"class":282},[44,24266,351],{"class":278},[44,24268,66],{"class":58},[44,24270,360],{"class":278},[44,24272,24189],{"class":282},[44,24274,351],{"class":278},[44,24276,677],{"class":58},[44,24278,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24280,2659],{"class":54},[44,24282,2662],{"class":1436},[44,24284,360],{"class":278},[44,24286,16383],{"class":282},[44,24288,351],{"class":278},[44,24290,2671],{"class":54},[20,24292,24293,24294,24298,24299,86],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[184,24295,10113,24296,718],{"href":16437},[15,24297,16440],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[184,24300,10113,24301,718],{"href":16444},[15,24302,16447],{},[30,24304,24306],{"id":24305},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24308,24309],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,24311,24313],{"className":37,"code":24312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24314,24315,24368,24372,24388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24316,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24364,24366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24318,12236],{"class":50},[44,24320,55],{"class":54},[44,24322,59],{"class":58},[44,24324,279],{"class":278},[44,24326,7046],{"class":282},[44,24328,279],{"class":278},[44,24330,1084],{"class":58},[44,24332,290],{"class":278},[44,24334,12253],{"class":282},[44,24336,279],{"class":278},[44,24338,66],{"class":58},[44,24340,290],{"class":278},[44,24342,8677],{"class":282},[44,24344,279],{"class":278},[44,24346,1084],{"class":58},[44,24348,7168],{"class":62},[44,24350,66],{"class":58},[44,24352,290],{"class":278},[44,24354,14699],{"class":282},[44,24356,279],{"class":278},[44,24358,1084],{"class":58},[44,24360,290],{"class":278},[44,24362,24363],{"class":282},"Math",[44,24365,279],{"class":278},[44,24367,77],{"class":58},[44,24369,24370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24371,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,24373,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24375,5334],{"class":3246},[44,24377,17575],{"class":50},[44,24379,3253],{"class":3246},[44,24381,12279],{"class":50},[44,24383,86],{"class":58},[44,24385,16292],{"class":89},[44,24387,20962],{"class":58},[44,24389,24390,24392,24394,24396],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,24391,7447],{"class":105},[44,24393,93],{"class":58},[44,24395,14212],{"class":89},[44,24397,99],{"class":58},[20,24399,24400],{},[116,24401,118],{},[35,24403,24405],{"className":37,"code":24404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24406,24407,24412,24417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24408,24409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24410,24411],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,24413,24414],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24415,24416],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,24418,24419],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24420,24421],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,24423,24424],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,24426,24428],{"className":37,"code":24427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24429,24430,24442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24431,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24433,5334],{"class":3246},[44,24435,17575],{"class":50},[44,24437,3253],{"class":3246},[44,24439,12279],{"class":50},[44,24441,5770],{"class":58},[44,24443,24444,24446,24448,24450],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24445,7447],{"class":105},[44,24447,93],{"class":58},[44,24449,14212],{"class":89},[44,24451,99],{"class":58},[20,24453,24454,24455,24458],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24456,24457],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,24460,4334,24462],{"id":24461},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24463,16434],{},[20,24465,148,24466,9977],{},[15,24467,16434],{},[165,24469,24470,24473,24476],{},[168,24471,24472],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[168,24474,24475],{},"you want to display available fields",[168,24477,24478],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24480,894],{},[35,24482,24484],{"className":37,"code":24483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24485,24486,24539,24543,24558,24575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24487,24488,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24508,24510,24512,24514,24517,24519,24521,24524,24526,24528,24531,24533,24535,24537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24489,24490],{"class":50},"product ",[44,24492,55],{"class":54},[44,24494,59],{"class":58},[44,24496,279],{"class":278},[44,24498,7046],{"class":282},[44,24500,279],{"class":278},[44,24502,1084],{"class":58},[44,24504,290],{"class":278},[44,24506,24507],{"class":282},"Book",[44,24509,279],{"class":278},[44,24511,66],{"class":58},[44,24513,290],{"class":278},[44,24515,24516],{"class":282},"price",[44,24518,279],{"class":278},[44,24520,1084],{"class":58},[44,24522,24523],{"class":62}," 12.99",[44,24525,66],{"class":58},[44,24527,290],{"class":278},[44,24529,24530],{"class":282},"stock",[44,24532,279],{"class":278},[44,24534,1084],{"class":58},[44,24536,1064],{"class":62},[44,24538,77],{"class":58},[44,24540,24541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24542,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,24544,24545,24547,24549,24551,24554,24556],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24546,106],{"class":105},[44,24548,93],{"class":58},[44,24550,279],{"class":278},[44,24552,24553],{"class":282},"Available fields:",[44,24555,279],{"class":278},[44,24557,99],{"class":58},[44,24559,24560,24562,24564,24566,24569,24571,24573],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,24561,5334],{"class":3246},[44,24563,17575],{"class":50},[44,24565,3253],{"class":3246},[44,24567,24568],{"class":50}," product",[44,24570,86],{"class":58},[44,24572,16292],{"class":89},[44,24574,20962],{"class":58},[44,24576,24577,24579,24581,24583],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,24578,7447],{"class":105},[44,24580,93],{"class":58},[44,24582,14212],{"class":89},[44,24584,99],{"class":58},[20,24586,24587],{},[116,24588,118],{},[35,24590,24592],{"className":37,"code":24591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24593,24594,24601,24605,24610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24595,24596,24599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24597,24598],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,24600,5770],{"class":58},[44,24602,24603],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24604,24411],{"class":50},[44,24606,24607],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24608,24609],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,24611,24612],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,24613,24614],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,24616,24617],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,24619,24621],{"className":37,"code":24620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24622,24623,24659,24663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24624,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24626,24490],{"class":50},[44,24628,55],{"class":54},[44,24630,59],{"class":58},[44,24632,279],{"class":278},[44,24634,7046],{"class":282},[44,24636,279],{"class":278},[44,24638,1084],{"class":58},[44,24640,290],{"class":278},[44,24642,24507],{"class":282},[44,24644,279],{"class":278},[44,24646,66],{"class":58},[44,24648,290],{"class":278},[44,24650,24516],{"class":282},[44,24652,279],{"class":278},[44,24654,1084],{"class":58},[44,24656,24523],{"class":62},[44,24658,77],{"class":58},[44,24660,24661],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24662,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,24664,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24666,106],{"class":105},[44,24668,93],{"class":58},[44,24670,279],{"class":278},[44,24672,7046],{"class":282},[44,24674,279],{"class":278},[44,24676,20540],{"class":3246},[44,24678,24568],{"class":89},[44,24680,86],{"class":58},[44,24682,16292],{"class":89},[44,24684,6571],{"class":58},[20,24686,24687,24688,86],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24689,987],{},[20,24691,24692],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,24694,24696],{"className":37,"code":24695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24697,24698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24699,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24701,106],{"class":105},[44,24703,93],{"class":58},[44,24705,279],{"class":278},[44,24707,7046],{"class":282},[44,24709,279],{"class":278},[44,24711,20540],{"class":3246},[44,24713,24568],{"class":89},[44,24715,99],{"class":58},[20,24717,24718,24719,86],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[184,24720,20573],{"href":16522},[30,24722,24724],{"id":24723},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24726,24727,24728,86],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24729,16434],{},[693,24731,1129,24733,24735],{"id":24732},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24734,16434],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24737,24738,24740],{},[15,24739,16434],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24742,894],{},[35,24744,24746],{"className":37,"code":24745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24747,24748,24784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24749,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772,24774,24776,24778,24780,24782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24751,8544],{"class":50},[44,24753,55],{"class":54},[44,24755,59],{"class":58},[44,24757,279],{"class":278},[44,24759,7046],{"class":282},[44,24761,279],{"class":278},[44,24763,1084],{"class":58},[44,24765,290],{"class":278},[44,24767,12253],{"class":282},[44,24769,279],{"class":278},[44,24771,66],{"class":58},[44,24773,290],{"class":278},[44,24775,8677],{"class":282},[44,24777,279],{"class":278},[44,24779,1084],{"class":58},[44,24781,7168],{"class":62},[44,24783,77],{"class":58},[44,24785,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24787,106],{"class":105},[44,24789,93],{"class":58},[44,24791,8583],{"class":89},[44,24793,86],{"class":58},[44,24795,16292],{"class":89},[44,24797,6571],{"class":58},[20,24799,24800],{},[116,24801,118],{},[35,24803,24805],{"className":37,"code":24804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24806,24807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24808,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24810,16383],{"class":89},[44,24812,650],{"class":58},[44,24814,351],{"class":278},[44,24816,7046],{"class":282},[44,24818,351],{"class":278},[44,24820,66],{"class":58},[44,24822,360],{"class":278},[44,24824,8677],{"class":282},[44,24826,351],{"class":278},[44,24828,677],{"class":58},[20,24830,24831,24832,86],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[184,24833,24834],{"href":16444},[15,24835,16447],{},[693,24837,24839,24840],{"id":24838},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,24841,16383],{},[20,24843,24844],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,24846,24848],{"className":37,"code":24847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,24849,24850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24851,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24853,3270],{"class":58},[44,24855,351],{"class":278},[44,24857,7046],{"class":282},[44,24859,351],{"class":278},[44,24861,66],{"class":58},[44,24863,360],{"class":278},[44,24865,8677],{"class":282},[44,24867,351],{"class":278},[44,24869,3005],{"class":58},[20,24871,24872,24873,24875],{},"But ",[15,24874,16434],{}," returns:",[35,24877,24878],{"className":37,"code":24804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,24879,24880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24881,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24883,16383],{"class":89},[44,24885,650],{"class":58},[44,24887,351],{"class":278},[44,24889,7046],{"class":282},[44,24891,351],{"class":278},[44,24893,66],{"class":58},[44,24895,360],{"class":278},[44,24897,8677],{"class":282},[44,24899,351],{"class":278},[44,24901,677],{"class":58},[20,24903,24904],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,24906,24908],{"className":37,"code":24907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,24909,24910,24946,24965,24969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24911,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24913,8544],{"class":50},[44,24915,55],{"class":54},[44,24917,59],{"class":58},[44,24919,279],{"class":278},[44,24921,7046],{"class":282},[44,24923,279],{"class":278},[44,24925,1084],{"class":58},[44,24927,290],{"class":278},[44,24929,12253],{"class":282},[44,24931,279],{"class":278},[44,24933,66],{"class":58},[44,24935,290],{"class":278},[44,24937,8677],{"class":282},[44,24939,279],{"class":278},[44,24941,1084],{"class":58},[44,24943,7168],{"class":62},[44,24945,77],{"class":58},[44,24947,24948,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,24949,24950],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,24952,55],{"class":54},[44,24954,21927],{"class":909},[44,24956,93],{"class":58},[44,24958,8583],{"class":89},[44,24960,86],{"class":58},[44,24962,16292],{"class":89},[44,24964,6571],{"class":58},[44,24966,24967],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24968,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,24970,24971,24973,24975,24978],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,24972,106],{"class":105},[44,24974,93],{"class":58},[44,24976,24977],{"class":89},"key_list",[44,24979,99],{"class":58},[693,24981,24983,24984,24986],{"id":24982},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,24985,16434],{}," on a list or string",[20,24988,24989,24991],{},[15,24990,16434],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,24993,2207],{},[35,24995,24997],{"className":37,"code":24996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,24998,24999,25019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25000,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25002,51],{"class":50},[44,25004,55],{"class":54},[44,25006,2992],{"class":58},[44,25008,63],{"class":62},[44,25010,66],{"class":58},[44,25012,69],{"class":62},[44,25014,66],{"class":58},[44,25016,74],{"class":62},[44,25018,3005],{"class":58},[44,25020,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25022,106],{"class":105},[44,25024,93],{"class":58},[44,25026,83],{"class":89},[44,25028,86],{"class":58},[44,25030,16292],{"class":89},[44,25032,6571],{"class":58},[20,25034,25035,25036,25039,25040,25042,25043,86],{},"You may get an ",[15,25037,25038],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25041,16434],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[184,25044,25046,25047,25050],{"href":25045},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25048,25049],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[693,25052,25054],{"id":25053},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25056,25057],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,25059,25061],{"className":37,"code":25060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25062,25063,25087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25064,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25066,8544],{"class":50},[44,25068,55],{"class":54},[44,25070,59],{"class":58},[44,25072,279],{"class":278},[44,25074,7046],{"class":282},[44,25076,279],{"class":278},[44,25078,1084],{"class":58},[44,25080,290],{"class":278},[44,25082,12253],{"class":282},[44,25084,279],{"class":278},[44,25086,77],{"class":58},[44,25088,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25090,106],{"class":105},[44,25092,93],{"class":58},[44,25094,8583],{"class":89},[44,25096,86],{"class":58},[44,25098,16292],{"class":1219},[44,25100,99],{"class":58},[20,25102,25103],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25105,18061],{},[35,25107,25109],{"className":37,"code":25108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25110,25111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25112,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25114,106],{"class":105},[44,25116,93],{"class":58},[44,25118,8583],{"class":89},[44,25120,86],{"class":58},[44,25122,16292],{"class":89},[44,25124,6571],{"class":58},[30,25126,1113],{"id":1112},[20,25128,25129,25130,1084],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25131,16434],{},[165,25133,25134,25139,25145,25151],{},[168,25135,1123,25136,25138],{},[15,25137,16434],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[168,25140,25141,25142,25144],{},"Thinking ",[15,25143,16434],{}," returns values too",[168,25146,25147,25148,25150],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25149,16383],{}," like a normal list",[168,25152,25153,25154,25156],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25155,16383],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25158,25159],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,25161,25163],{"className":37,"code":25162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25164,25165,25197,25211,25215,25225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25166,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25168,8544],{"class":50},[44,25170,55],{"class":54},[44,25172,59],{"class":58},[44,25174,279],{"class":278},[44,25176,184],{"class":282},[44,25178,279],{"class":278},[44,25180,1084],{"class":58},[44,25182,4874],{"class":62},[44,25184,66],{"class":58},[44,25186,290],{"class":278},[44,25188,563],{"class":282},[44,25190,279],{"class":278},[44,25192,1084],{"class":58},[44,25194,69],{"class":62},[44,25196,77],{"class":58},[44,25198,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25200,16611],{"class":50},[44,25202,55],{"class":54},[44,25204,13938],{"class":50},[44,25206,86],{"class":58},[44,25208,16292],{"class":89},[44,25210,913],{"class":58},[44,25212,25213],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25214,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,25216,25217,25219,25221,25223],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,25218,106],{"class":105},[44,25220,93],{"class":58},[44,25222,16292],{"class":89},[44,25224,99],{"class":58},[44,25226,25227],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,25228,25229],{"class":3034},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25231,25232],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,25234,25236],{"className":37,"code":25235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25237,25238,25270,25288,25292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25239,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25241,8544],{"class":50},[44,25243,55],{"class":54},[44,25245,59],{"class":58},[44,25247,279],{"class":278},[44,25249,184],{"class":282},[44,25251,279],{"class":278},[44,25253,1084],{"class":58},[44,25255,4874],{"class":62},[44,25257,66],{"class":58},[44,25259,290],{"class":278},[44,25261,563],{"class":282},[44,25263,279],{"class":278},[44,25265,1084],{"class":58},[44,25267,69],{"class":62},[44,25269,77],{"class":58},[44,25271,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25273,16611],{"class":50},[44,25275,55],{"class":54},[44,25277,21927],{"class":909},[44,25279,93],{"class":58},[44,25281,8583],{"class":89},[44,25283,86],{"class":58},[44,25285,16292],{"class":89},[44,25287,6571],{"class":58},[44,25289,25290],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25291,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,25293,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,25295,106],{"class":105},[44,25297,93],{"class":58},[44,25299,16292],{"class":89},[44,25301,3270],{"class":58},[44,25303,1491],{"class":62},[44,25305,677],{"class":58},[30,25307,25309],{"id":25308},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25311,10488],{},[35,25313,25315],{"className":37,"code":25314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25316,25317,25331,25341,25355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25318,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25320,106],{"class":105},[44,25322,93],{"class":58},[44,25324,1090],{"class":909},[44,25326,93],{"class":58},[44,25328,10825],{"class":89},[44,25330,973],{"class":58},[44,25332,25333,25335,25337,25339],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25334,106],{"class":105},[44,25336,93],{"class":58},[44,25338,10825],{"class":89},[44,25340,99],{"class":58},[44,25342,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25344,106],{"class":105},[44,25346,93],{"class":58},[44,25348,10825],{"class":89},[44,25350,86],{"class":58},[44,25352,16292],{"class":89},[44,25354,6571],{"class":58},[44,25356,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,25358,106],{"class":105},[44,25360,93],{"class":58},[44,25362,1097],{"class":909},[44,25364,93],{"class":58},[44,25366,10825],{"class":89},[44,25368,86],{"class":58},[44,25370,16292],{"class":89},[44,25372,5666],{"class":58},[20,25374,25375],{},"These help you confirm:",[165,25377,25378,25381,25384,25389],{},[168,25379,25380],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[168,25382,25383],{},"what data it contains",[168,25385,25386,25387,11078],{},"what ",[15,25388,16434],{},[168,25390,25391],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,25393,1235],{"id":1234},[693,25395,23285,25397,4519],{"id":25396},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25398,16434],{},[20,25400,16789,25401,25403],{},[15,25402,16383],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[693,25405,14274,25407,25410],{"id":25406},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25408,25409],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25412,25413,25414,25416,25417,86],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25415,16383],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25418,25419],{},"list(dict.keys())",[693,25421,25423,25424,1863],{"id":25422},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25425,25409],{},[20,25427,25428,25429,25431],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25430,5334],{}," loop.",[693,25433,25435,25436,25438],{"id":25434},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25437,16434],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25440,25441,25442,25444],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25443,16434],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[693,25446,25448],{"id":25447},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25450,148,25451,86],{},[15,25452,25453],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,25455,1279],{"id":1278},[165,25457,25458,25463,25469,25475,25481,25485],{},[168,25459,25460],{},[184,25461,25462],{"href":8768},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[168,25464,25465],{},[184,25466,10113,25467,718],{"href":16437},[15,25468,16440],{},[168,25470,25471],{},[184,25472,10113,25473,718],{"href":16444},[15,25474,16447],{},[168,25476,25477],{},[184,25478,25480],{"href":25479},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[168,25482,25483],{},[184,25484,16523],{"href":16522},[168,25486,25487],{},[184,25488,25489,25490,25050],{"href":25045},"How to fix ",[15,25491,25049],{},[1304,25493,25494],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":25496},[25497,25498,25500,25501,25502,25503,25504,25506,25515,25516,25517,25528],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":23616,"depth":80,"text":25499},"What keys() does",{"id":5162,"depth":80,"text":5163},{"id":4806,"depth":80,"text":4807},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":24305,"depth":80,"text":24306},{"id":24461,"depth":80,"text":25505},"When to use keys()",{"id":24723,"depth":80,"text":24724,"children":25507},[25508,25510,25512,25514],{"id":24732,"depth":102,"text":25509},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24838,"depth":102,"text":25511},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":24982,"depth":102,"text":25513},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25053,"depth":102,"text":25054},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":25308,"depth":80,"text":25309},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":25518},[25519,25521,25523,25525,25527],{"id":25396,"depth":102,"text":25520},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25406,"depth":102,"text":25522},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25422,"depth":102,"text":25524},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25434,"depth":102,"text":25526},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25447,"depth":102,"text":25448},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23438,"description":25529},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25535,"title":25536,"body":25537,"description":27810,"extension":1334,"meta":27811,"navigation":322,"path":27812,"seo":27813,"stem":27814,"__hash__":27815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25538,"toc":27763},[25539,25544,25549,25552,25554,25700,25713,25718,25722,25736,25738,25841,25850,25852,25855,25893,25918,25920,26027,26029,26036,26039,26047,26049,26190,26198,26203,26207,26218,26220,26382,26385,26393,26400,26406,26503,26509,26586,26589,26601,26606,26612,26615,26619,26708,26711,26715,26819,26826,26913,26922,26924,26929,26935,26938,26984,26987,27053,27062,27068,27161,27167,27173,27216,27219,27284,27290,27382,27385,27389,27395,27420,27423,27519,27526,27528,27533,27624,27626,27654,27659,27661,27668,27671,27675,27685,27690,27693,27700,27710,27717,27725,27727,27760],[10,25540,10694,25542,18],{"id":25541},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25543,12135],{},[20,25545,25546,25548],{},[15,25547,11942],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25550,25551],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,25553,2978],{"id":2977},[35,25555,25557],{"className":37,"code":25556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25558,25559,25595,25619,25633,25646,25650,25655,25687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25560,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25562,12575],{"class":50},[44,25564,55],{"class":54},[44,25566,59],{"class":58},[44,25568,279],{"class":278},[44,25570,7046],{"class":282},[44,25572,279],{"class":278},[44,25574,1084],{"class":58},[44,25576,290],{"class":278},[44,25578,12253],{"class":282},[44,25580,279],{"class":278},[44,25582,66],{"class":58},[44,25584,290],{"class":278},[44,25586,8677],{"class":282},[44,25588,279],{"class":278},[44,25590,1084],{"class":58},[44,25592,8684],{"class":62},[44,25594,77],{"class":58},[44,25596,25597,25600,25602,25604,25606,25609,25611,25613,25615,25617],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25598,25599],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,25601,55],{"class":54},[44,25603,12618],{"class":50},[44,25605,86],{"class":58},[44,25607,25608],{"class":89},"pop",[44,25610,93],{"class":58},[44,25612,279],{"class":278},[44,25614,8677],{"class":282},[44,25616,279],{"class":278},[44,25618,99],{"class":58},[44,25620,25621,25623,25625,25628,25630],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25622,106],{"class":105},[44,25624,93],{"class":58},[44,25626,25627],{"class":89},"removed_age",[44,25629,3031],{"class":58},[44,25631,25632],{"class":3034},"   # 25\n",[44,25634,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,25636,106],{"class":105},[44,25638,93],{"class":58},[44,25640,16676],{"class":89},[44,25642,3031],{"class":58},[44,25644,25645],{"class":3034},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,25647,25648],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,25649,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,25651,25652],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,25653,25654],{"class":3034},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,25656,25657,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25683,25685],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,25658,25659],{"class":50},"country ",[44,25661,55],{"class":54},[44,25663,12618],{"class":50},[44,25665,86],{"class":58},[44,25667,25608],{"class":89},[44,25669,93],{"class":58},[44,25671,279],{"class":278},[44,25673,14632],{"class":282},[44,25675,279],{"class":278},[44,25677,66],{"class":58},[44,25679,290],{"class":278},[44,25681,25682],{"class":282},"Not found",[44,25684,279],{"class":278},[44,25686,99],{"class":58},[44,25688,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,25690,106],{"class":105},[44,25692,93],{"class":58},[44,25694,14632],{"class":89},[44,25696,3031],{"class":58},[44,25698,25699],{"class":3034},"       # Not found\n",[20,25701,148,25702,25705,25706,25709,25710,25712],{},[15,25703,25704],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25707,25708],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25711,19053],{}," when the key might not exist.",[30,25714,155,25716,158],{"id":25715},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25717,11942],{},[20,25719,25720,1084],{},[15,25721,11942],{},[165,25723,25724,25727,25730,25733],{},[168,25725,25726],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[168,25728,25729],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[168,25731,25732],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[168,25734,25735],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25737,894],{},[35,25739,25741],{"className":37,"code":25740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25742,25743,25783,25787,25810,25814,25828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25744,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25746,10860],{"class":50},[44,25748,55],{"class":54},[44,25750,59],{"class":58},[44,25752,279],{"class":278},[44,25754,7046],{"class":282},[44,25756,279],{"class":278},[44,25758,1084],{"class":58},[44,25760,290],{"class":278},[44,25762,12592],{"class":282},[44,25764,279],{"class":278},[44,25766,66],{"class":58},[44,25768,290],{"class":278},[44,25770,9786],{"class":282},[44,25772,279],{"class":278},[44,25774,1084],{"class":58},[44,25776,290],{"class":278},[44,25778,9793],{"class":282},[44,25780,279],{"class":278},[44,25782,77],{"class":58},[44,25784,25785],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25786,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,25788,25789,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25790,25791],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,25793,55],{"class":54},[44,25795,10943],{"class":50},[44,25797,86],{"class":58},[44,25799,25608],{"class":89},[44,25801,93],{"class":58},[44,25803,279],{"class":278},[44,25805,9786],{"class":282},[44,25807,279],{"class":278},[44,25809,99],{"class":58},[44,25811,25812],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,25813,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,25815,25816,25818,25820,25823,25825],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,25817,106],{"class":105},[44,25819,93],{"class":58},[44,25821,25822],{"class":89},"removed_city",[44,25824,3031],{"class":58},[44,25826,25827],{"class":3034},"  # Paris\n",[44,25829,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,25831,106],{"class":105},[44,25833,93],{"class":58},[44,25835,10954],{"class":89},[44,25837,3031],{"class":58},[44,25839,25840],{"class":3034},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,25842,20137,25843,25846,25847,86],{},[15,25844,25845],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,25848,25849],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,25851,196],{"id":195},[20,25853,25854],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,25856,25858],{"className":37,"code":25857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,25859,25860,25874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25861,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25863,10825],{"class":50},[44,25865,86],{"class":58},[44,25867,25608],{"class":89},[44,25869,93],{"class":58},[44,25871,14212],{"class":89},[44,25873,99],{"class":58},[44,25875,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888,25891],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25877,10825],{"class":50},[44,25879,86],{"class":58},[44,25881,25608],{"class":89},[44,25883,93],{"class":58},[44,25885,14212],{"class":89},[44,25887,66],{"class":58},[44,25889,25890],{"class":89}," default",[44,25892,99],{"class":58},[165,25894,25895,25901,25909,25915],{},[168,25896,25897,25900],{},[15,25898,25899],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[168,25902,25903,25905,25906,25908],{},[15,25904,25899],{}," raises ",[15,25907,19053],{}," if the key is missing",[168,25910,25911,25914],{},[15,25912,25913],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[168,25916,25917],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,25919,894],{},[35,25921,25923],{"className":37,"code":25922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,25924,25925,25957,25961,25986,26014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25926,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25928,4437],{"class":50},[44,25930,55],{"class":54},[44,25932,59],{"class":58},[44,25934,279],{"class":278},[44,25936,17783],{"class":282},[44,25938,279],{"class":278},[44,25940,1084],{"class":58},[44,25942,19264],{"class":62},[44,25944,66],{"class":58},[44,25946,290],{"class":278},[44,25948,17792],{"class":282},[44,25950,279],{"class":278},[44,25952,1084],{"class":58},[44,25954,12878],{"class":62},[44,25956,77],{"class":58},[44,25958,25959],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,25960,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,25962,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25964,106],{"class":105},[44,25966,93],{"class":58},[44,25968,15757],{"class":89},[44,25970,86],{"class":58},[44,25972,25608],{"class":89},[44,25974,93],{"class":58},[44,25976,279],{"class":278},[44,25978,17783],{"class":282},[44,25980,279],{"class":278},[44,25982,4737],{"class":58},[44,25984,25985],{"class":3034},"         # 90\n",[44,25987,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,25989,106],{"class":105},[44,25991,93],{"class":58},[44,25993,15757],{"class":89},[44,25995,86],{"class":58},[44,25997,25608],{"class":89},[44,25999,93],{"class":58},[44,26001,279],{"class":278},[44,26003,17801],{"class":282},[44,26005,279],{"class":278},[44,26007,66],{"class":58},[44,26009,3204],{"class":62},[44,26011,4737],{"class":58},[44,26013,20134],{"class":3034},[44,26015,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26017,106],{"class":105},[44,26019,93],{"class":58},[44,26021,15757],{"class":89},[44,26023,3031],{"class":58},[44,26025,26026],{"class":3034},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,26028,722],{"id":721},[20,26030,26031,13425,26033,26035],{},[15,26032,12135],{},[116,26034,736],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26037,26038],{},"Instead, it returns:",[165,26040,26041,26044],{},[168,26042,26043],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[168,26045,26046],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26048,894],{},[35,26050,26052],{"className":37,"code":26051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26053,26054,26086,26090,26113,26145,26149,26163,26177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26055,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26057,8544],{"class":50},[44,26059,55],{"class":54},[44,26061,59],{"class":58},[44,26063,279],{"class":278},[44,26065,184],{"class":282},[44,26067,279],{"class":278},[44,26069,1084],{"class":58},[44,26071,5381],{"class":62},[44,26073,66],{"class":58},[44,26075,290],{"class":278},[44,26077,563],{"class":282},[44,26079,279],{"class":278},[44,26081,1084],{"class":58},[44,26083,7168],{"class":62},[44,26085,77],{"class":58},[44,26087,26088],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26089,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26091,26092,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26093,26094],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,26096,55],{"class":54},[44,26098,13938],{"class":50},[44,26100,86],{"class":58},[44,26102,25608],{"class":89},[44,26104,93],{"class":58},[44,26106,279],{"class":278},[44,26108,184],{"class":282},[44,26110,279],{"class":278},[44,26112,99],{"class":58},[44,26114,26115,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26141,26143],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,26116,26117],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,26119,55],{"class":54},[44,26121,13938],{"class":50},[44,26123,86],{"class":58},[44,26125,25608],{"class":89},[44,26127,93],{"class":58},[44,26129,279],{"class":278},[44,26131,583],{"class":282},[44,26133,279],{"class":278},[44,26135,66],{"class":58},[44,26137,290],{"class":278},[44,26139,26140],{"class":282},"missing",[44,26142,279],{"class":278},[44,26144,99],{"class":58},[44,26146,26147],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26148,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26150,26151,26153,26155,26158,26160],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,26152,106],{"class":105},[44,26154,93],{"class":58},[44,26156,26157],{"class":89},"result1",[44,26159,3031],{"class":58},[44,26161,26162],{"class":3034},"  # 10\n",[44,26164,26165,26167,26169,26172,26174],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,26166,106],{"class":105},[44,26168,93],{"class":58},[44,26170,26171],{"class":89},"result2",[44,26173,3031],{"class":58},[44,26175,26176],{"class":3034},"  # missing\n",[44,26178,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,26180,106],{"class":105},[44,26182,93],{"class":58},[44,26184,8583],{"class":89},[44,26186,3031],{"class":58},[44,26188,26189],{"class":3034},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26191,26192,26193,6007],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[184,26194,26195],{"href":10112},[15,26196,26197],{},"dict.get()",[30,26199,4334,26201],{"id":26200},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26202,12135],{},[20,26204,148,26205,9977],{},[15,26206,12135],{},[165,26208,26209,26212,26215],{},[168,26210,26211],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[168,26213,26214],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[168,26216,26217],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26219,894],{},[35,26221,26223],{"className":37,"code":26222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26224,26225,26277,26281,26308,26312,26336,26340,26354,26368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26226,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26261,26263,26265,26268,26270,26272,26275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26228,24490],{"class":50},[44,26230,55],{"class":54},[44,26232,59],{"class":58},[44,26234,279],{"class":278},[44,26236,7046],{"class":282},[44,26238,279],{"class":278},[44,26240,1084],{"class":58},[44,26242,290],{"class":278},[44,26244,26245],{"class":282},"Laptop",[44,26247,279],{"class":278},[44,26249,66],{"class":58},[44,26251,290],{"class":278},[44,26253,24516],{"class":282},[44,26255,279],{"class":278},[44,26257,1084],{"class":58},[44,26259,26260],{"class":62}," 1200",[44,26262,66],{"class":58},[44,26264,290],{"class":278},[44,26266,26267],{"class":282},"discount",[44,26269,279],{"class":278},[44,26271,1084],{"class":58},[44,26273,26274],{"class":62}," 200",[44,26276,77],{"class":58},[44,26278,26279],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26280,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26282,26283,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26284,26285],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,26287,55],{"class":54},[44,26289,24568],{"class":50},[44,26291,86],{"class":58},[44,26293,25608],{"class":89},[44,26295,93],{"class":58},[44,26297,279],{"class":278},[44,26299,26267],{"class":282},[44,26301,279],{"class":278},[44,26303,66],{"class":58},[44,26305,3204],{"class":62},[44,26307,99],{"class":58},[44,26309,26310],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,26311,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26313,26314,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26315,26316],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,26318,55],{"class":54},[44,26320,24568],{"class":50},[44,26322,3270],{"class":58},[44,26324,279],{"class":278},[44,26326,24516],{"class":282},[44,26328,279],{"class":278},[44,26330,12644],{"class":58},[44,26332,1594],{"class":54},[44,26334,26335],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,26337,26338],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,26339,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26341,26342,26344,26346,26349,26351],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,26343,106],{"class":105},[44,26345,93],{"class":58},[44,26347,26348],{"class":89},"discount_amount",[44,26350,3031],{"class":58},[44,26352,26353],{"class":3034},"  # 200\n",[44,26355,26356,26358,26360,26363,26365],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,26357,106],{"class":105},[44,26359,93],{"class":58},[44,26361,26362],{"class":89},"final_price",[44,26364,3031],{"class":58},[44,26366,26367],{"class":3034},"      # 1000\n",[44,26369,26370,26372,26374,26377,26379],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,26371,106],{"class":105},[44,26373,93],{"class":58},[44,26375,26376],{"class":89},"product",[44,26378,3031],{"class":58},[44,26380,26381],{"class":3034},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26383,26384],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,26386,26388,525,26390],{"id":26387},"pop-vs-del",[15,26389,12135],{},[15,26391,26392],{},"del",[20,26394,9966,26395,3766,26397,26399],{},[15,26396,12135],{},[15,26398,26392],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[693,26401,148,26403,26405],{"id":26402},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26404,12135],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,26407,26409],{"className":37,"code":26408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26410,26411,26447,26451,26473,26477,26490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26412,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26414,12575],{"class":50},[44,26416,55],{"class":54},[44,26418,59],{"class":58},[44,26420,279],{"class":278},[44,26422,7046],{"class":282},[44,26424,279],{"class":278},[44,26426,1084],{"class":58},[44,26428,290],{"class":278},[44,26430,12253],{"class":282},[44,26432,279],{"class":278},[44,26434,66],{"class":58},[44,26436,290],{"class":278},[44,26438,8677],{"class":282},[44,26440,279],{"class":278},[44,26442,1084],{"class":58},[44,26444,8684],{"class":62},[44,26446,77],{"class":58},[44,26448,26449],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26450,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26452,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26454,20995],{"class":50},[44,26456,55],{"class":54},[44,26458,12618],{"class":50},[44,26460,86],{"class":58},[44,26462,25608],{"class":89},[44,26464,93],{"class":58},[44,26466,279],{"class":278},[44,26468,8677],{"class":282},[44,26470,279],{"class":278},[44,26472,99],{"class":58},[44,26474,26475],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,26476,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26478,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26480,106],{"class":105},[44,26482,93],{"class":58},[44,26484,8677],{"class":89},[44,26486,3031],{"class":58},[44,26488,26489],{"class":3034},"     # 25\n",[44,26491,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,26493,106],{"class":105},[44,26495,93],{"class":58},[44,26497,16676],{"class":89},[44,26499,3031],{"class":58},[44,26501,26502],{"class":3034},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[693,26504,148,26506,26508],{"id":26505},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26507,26392],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,26510,26512],{"className":37,"code":26511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26513,26514,26550,26554,26570,26574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26515,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26517,12575],{"class":50},[44,26519,55],{"class":54},[44,26521,59],{"class":58},[44,26523,279],{"class":278},[44,26525,7046],{"class":282},[44,26527,279],{"class":278},[44,26529,1084],{"class":58},[44,26531,290],{"class":278},[44,26533,12253],{"class":282},[44,26535,279],{"class":278},[44,26537,66],{"class":58},[44,26539,290],{"class":278},[44,26541,8677],{"class":282},[44,26543,279],{"class":278},[44,26545,1084],{"class":58},[44,26547,8684],{"class":62},[44,26549,77],{"class":58},[44,26551,26552],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26553,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26555,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26557,26392],{"class":3246},[44,26559,12618],{"class":50},[44,26561,3270],{"class":58},[44,26563,279],{"class":278},[44,26565,8677],{"class":282},[44,26567,279],{"class":278},[44,26569,3005],{"class":58},[44,26571,26572],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,26573,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26575,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26577,106],{"class":105},[44,26579,93],{"class":58},[44,26581,16676],{"class":89},[44,26583,3031],{"class":58},[44,26585,26502],{"class":3034},[20,26587,26588],{},"Difference:",[165,26590,26591,26596],{},[168,26592,26593,26595],{},[15,26594,12135],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[168,26597,26598,26600],{},[15,26599,26392],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26602,26603,26604,86],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[184,26605,11947],{"href":11946},[30,26607,26609,26610],{"id":26608},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26611,19053],{},[20,26613,26614],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[693,26616,26618],{"id":26617},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,26620,26622],{"className":37,"code":26621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26623,26624,26649,26653,26679,26683,26695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26625,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26645,26647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26627,11097],{"class":50},[44,26629,55],{"class":54},[44,26631,59],{"class":58},[44,26633,279],{"class":278},[44,26635,7046],{"class":282},[44,26637,279],{"class":278},[44,26639,1084],{"class":58},[44,26641,290],{"class":278},[44,26643,26644],{"class":282},"Sara",[44,26646,279],{"class":278},[44,26648,77],{"class":58},[44,26650,26651],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26652,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26654,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26656,1819],{"class":50},[44,26658,55],{"class":54},[44,26660,11139],{"class":50},[44,26662,86],{"class":58},[44,26664,25608],{"class":89},[44,26666,93],{"class":58},[44,26668,279],{"class":278},[44,26670,8677],{"class":282},[44,26672,279],{"class":278},[44,26674,66],{"class":58},[44,26676,3222],{"class":871},[44,26678,99],{"class":58},[44,26680,26681],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,26682,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26684,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26686,106],{"class":105},[44,26688,93],{"class":58},[44,26690,1188],{"class":89},[44,26692,3031],{"class":58},[44,26694,19927],{"class":3034},[44,26696,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,26698,106],{"class":105},[44,26700,93],{"class":58},[44,26702,10825],{"class":89},[44,26704,3031],{"class":58},[44,26706,26707],{"class":3034}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26709,26710],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[693,26712,26714],{"id":26713},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,26716,26718],{"className":37,"code":26717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26719,26720,26744,26748,26764,26787,26797,26804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26721,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26723,11097],{"class":50},[44,26725,55],{"class":54},[44,26727,59],{"class":58},[44,26729,279],{"class":278},[44,26731,7046],{"class":282},[44,26733,279],{"class":278},[44,26735,1084],{"class":58},[44,26737,290],{"class":278},[44,26739,26644],{"class":282},[44,26741,279],{"class":278},[44,26743,77],{"class":58},[44,26745,26746],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26747,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26749,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26751,6374],{"class":3246},[44,26753,290],{"class":278},[44,26755,8677],{"class":282},[44,26757,279],{"class":278},[44,26759,20540],{"class":54},[44,26761,11139],{"class":50},[44,26763,5770],{"class":58},[44,26765,26766,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,26767,26768],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,26770,55],{"class":54},[44,26772,11139],{"class":50},[44,26774,86],{"class":58},[44,26776,25608],{"class":89},[44,26778,93],{"class":58},[44,26780,279],{"class":278},[44,26782,8677],{"class":282},[44,26784,279],{"class":278},[44,26786,99],{"class":58},[44,26788,26789,26791,26793,26795],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26790,7447],{"class":105},[44,26792,93],{"class":58},[44,26794,1188],{"class":89},[44,26796,99],{"class":58},[44,26798,26799,26802],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,26800,26801],{"class":3246},"else",[44,26803,5770],{"class":58},[44,26805,26806,26808,26810,26812,26815,26817],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,26807,7447],{"class":105},[44,26809,93],{"class":58},[44,26811,279],{"class":278},[44,26813,26814],{"class":282},"Key not found",[44,26816,279],{"class":278},[44,26818,99],{"class":58},[693,26820,26822,26823,26825],{"id":26821},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,26824,10116],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,26827,26829],{"className":37,"code":26828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26830,26831,26855,26859,26885,26889,26901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26832,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26834,11097],{"class":50},[44,26836,55],{"class":54},[44,26838,59],{"class":58},[44,26840,279],{"class":278},[44,26842,7046],{"class":282},[44,26844,279],{"class":278},[44,26846,1084],{"class":58},[44,26848,290],{"class":278},[44,26850,26644],{"class":282},[44,26852,279],{"class":278},[44,26854,77],{"class":58},[44,26856,26857],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26858,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26860,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26862,1819],{"class":50},[44,26864,55],{"class":54},[44,26866,11139],{"class":50},[44,26868,86],{"class":58},[44,26870,19116],{"class":89},[44,26872,93],{"class":58},[44,26874,279],{"class":278},[44,26876,8677],{"class":282},[44,26878,279],{"class":278},[44,26880,66],{"class":58},[44,26882,3222],{"class":871},[44,26884,99],{"class":58},[44,26886,26887],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,26888,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,26890,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26892,106],{"class":105},[44,26894,93],{"class":58},[44,26896,1188],{"class":89},[44,26898,3031],{"class":58},[44,26900,19927],{"class":3034},[44,26902,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,26904,106],{"class":105},[44,26906,93],{"class":58},[44,26908,10825],{"class":89},[44,26910,3031],{"class":58},[44,26912,26707],{"class":3034},[20,26914,148,26915,26919,26920,86],{},[184,26916,26917],{"href":10112},[15,26918,26197],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[184,26921,10638],{"href":10450},[30,26923,3892],{"id":3891},[20,26925,26926,26927,86],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,26928,11942],{},[693,26930,25141,26932,26934],{"id":26931},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,26933,12135],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,26936,26937],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,26939,26941],{"className":37,"code":26940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,26942,26943,26963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26944,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26946,51],{"class":50},[44,26948,55],{"class":54},[44,26950,2992],{"class":58},[44,26952,931],{"class":62},[44,26954,66],{"class":58},[44,26956,7168],{"class":62},[44,26958,66],{"class":58},[44,26960,7173],{"class":62},[44,26962,3005],{"class":58},[44,26964,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,26966,106],{"class":105},[44,26968,93],{"class":58},[44,26970,83],{"class":89},[44,26972,86],{"class":58},[44,26974,25608],{"class":89},[44,26976,93],{"class":58},[44,26978,63],{"class":62},[44,26980,4737],{"class":58},[44,26982,26983],{"class":3034},"  # 20\n",[20,26985,26986],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,26988,26990],{"className":37,"code":26989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,26991,26992,27028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26993,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26995,12575],{"class":50},[44,26997,55],{"class":54},[44,26999,59],{"class":58},[44,27001,279],{"class":278},[44,27003,7046],{"class":282},[44,27005,279],{"class":278},[44,27007,1084],{"class":58},[44,27009,290],{"class":278},[44,27011,12253],{"class":282},[44,27013,279],{"class":278},[44,27015,66],{"class":58},[44,27017,290],{"class":278},[44,27019,8677],{"class":282},[44,27021,279],{"class":278},[44,27023,1084],{"class":58},[44,27025,8684],{"class":62},[44,27027,77],{"class":58},[44,27029,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27031,106],{"class":105},[44,27033,93],{"class":58},[44,27035,16676],{"class":89},[44,27037,86],{"class":58},[44,27039,25608],{"class":89},[44,27041,93],{"class":58},[44,27043,279],{"class":278},[44,27045,8677],{"class":282},[44,27047,279],{"class":278},[44,27049,4737],{"class":58},[44,27051,27052],{"class":3034},"  # 25\n",[20,27054,27055,27056,27058,27059,27061],{},"A dictionary does ",[116,27057,736],{}," use positions with ",[15,27060,12135],{},". It uses keys.",[693,27063,4077,27065,27067],{"id":27064},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27066,12135],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,27069,27071],{"className":37,"code":27070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27072,27073,27105,27109,27131,27135,27148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27074,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099,27101,27103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27076,8544],{"class":50},[44,27078,55],{"class":54},[44,27080,59],{"class":58},[44,27082,279],{"class":278},[44,27084,1545],{"class":282},[44,27086,279],{"class":278},[44,27088,1084],{"class":58},[44,27090,4874],{"class":62},[44,27092,66],{"class":58},[44,27094,290],{"class":278},[44,27096,11118],{"class":282},[44,27098,279],{"class":278},[44,27100,1084],{"class":58},[44,27102,69],{"class":62},[44,27104,77],{"class":58},[44,27106,27107],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27108,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,27110,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27112,1819],{"class":50},[44,27114,55],{"class":54},[44,27116,13938],{"class":50},[44,27118,86],{"class":58},[44,27120,25608],{"class":89},[44,27122,93],{"class":58},[44,27124,279],{"class":278},[44,27126,1545],{"class":282},[44,27128,279],{"class":278},[44,27130,99],{"class":58},[44,27132,27133],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,27134,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,27136,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27138,106],{"class":105},[44,27140,93],{"class":58},[44,27142,1188],{"class":89},[44,27144,3031],{"class":58},[44,27146,27147],{"class":3034},"  # 1\n",[44,27149,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,27151,106],{"class":105},[44,27153,93],{"class":58},[44,27155,8583],{"class":89},[44,27157,3031],{"class":58},[44,27159,27160],{"class":3034},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27162,27163,27164,27166],{},"After ",[15,27165,12135],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[693,27168,1123,27170,27172],{"id":27169},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27171,12135],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,27174,27176],{"className":37,"code":27175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27177,27178,27202,27206,27211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27179,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27181,8544],{"class":50},[44,27183,55],{"class":54},[44,27185,59],{"class":58},[44,27187,279],{"class":278},[44,27189,7046],{"class":282},[44,27191,279],{"class":278},[44,27193,1084],{"class":58},[44,27195,290],{"class":278},[44,27197,7299],{"class":282},[44,27199,279],{"class":278},[44,27201,77],{"class":58},[44,27203,27204],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27205,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,27207,27208],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27209,27210],{"class":3034},"# This causes an error\n",[44,27212,27213],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,27214,27215],{"class":3034},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27217,27218],{},"Safer version:",[35,27220,27222],{"className":37,"code":27221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27223,27224,27248,27252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27225,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27227,8544],{"class":50},[44,27229,55],{"class":54},[44,27231,59],{"class":58},[44,27233,279],{"class":278},[44,27235,7046],{"class":282},[44,27237,279],{"class":278},[44,27239,1084],{"class":58},[44,27241,290],{"class":278},[44,27243,7299],{"class":282},[44,27245,279],{"class":278},[44,27247,77],{"class":58},[44,27249,27250],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27251,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,27253,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27255,106],{"class":105},[44,27257,93],{"class":58},[44,27259,8583],{"class":89},[44,27261,86],{"class":58},[44,27263,25608],{"class":89},[44,27265,93],{"class":58},[44,27267,279],{"class":278},[44,27269,8677],{"class":282},[44,27271,279],{"class":278},[44,27273,66],{"class":58},[44,27275,290],{"class":278},[44,27277,26140],{"class":282},[44,27279,279],{"class":278},[44,27281,4737],{"class":58},[44,27283,26176],{"class":3034},[693,27285,1129,27287,27289],{"id":27286},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27288,12135],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,27291,27293],{"className":37,"code":27292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27294,27295,27327,27331,27353,27357,27369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27296,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27298,8544],{"class":50},[44,27300,55],{"class":54},[44,27302,59],{"class":58},[44,27304,279],{"class":278},[44,27306,184],{"class":282},[44,27308,279],{"class":278},[44,27310,1084],{"class":58},[44,27312,4874],{"class":62},[44,27314,66],{"class":58},[44,27316,290],{"class":278},[44,27318,563],{"class":282},[44,27320,279],{"class":278},[44,27322,1084],{"class":58},[44,27324,69],{"class":62},[44,27326,77],{"class":58},[44,27328,27329],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27330,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,27332,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27334,1602],{"class":50},[44,27336,55],{"class":54},[44,27338,13938],{"class":50},[44,27340,86],{"class":58},[44,27342,25608],{"class":89},[44,27344,93],{"class":58},[44,27346,279],{"class":278},[44,27348,184],{"class":282},[44,27350,279],{"class":278},[44,27352,99],{"class":58},[44,27354,27355],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,27356,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,27358,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27360,106],{"class":105},[44,27362,93],{"class":58},[44,27364,1637],{"class":89},[44,27366,3031],{"class":58},[44,27368,27147],{"class":3034},[44,27370,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,27372,106],{"class":105},[44,27374,93],{"class":58},[44,27376,8583],{"class":89},[44,27378,3031],{"class":58},[44,27380,27381],{"class":3034},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27383,27384],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,27386,27388],{"id":27387},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27390,27391,27392,27394],{},"Problems with ",[15,27393,11942],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[165,27396,27397,27400,27409,27412],{},[168,27398,27399],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[168,27401,27402,27403,27406,27407],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27404,27405],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27408,25704],{},[168,27410,27411],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[168,27413,27414,27415,1264,27417],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27416,63],{},[15,27418,27419],{},"\"1\"",[20,27421,27422],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,27424,27426],{"className":37,"code":27425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27427,27428,27452,27456,27486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27429,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27431,8544],{"class":50},[44,27433,55],{"class":54},[44,27435,59],{"class":58},[44,27437,279],{"class":278},[44,27439,63],{"class":282},[44,27441,279],{"class":278},[44,27443,1084],{"class":58},[44,27445,290],{"class":278},[44,27447,5961],{"class":282},[44,27449,279],{"class":278},[44,27451,77],{"class":58},[44,27453,27454],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27455,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,27457,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27479,27481,27483],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27459,106],{"class":105},[44,27461,93],{"class":58},[44,27463,8583],{"class":89},[44,27465,86],{"class":58},[44,27467,25608],{"class":89},[44,27469,93],{"class":58},[44,27471,63],{"class":62},[44,27473,66],{"class":58},[44,27475,290],{"class":278},[44,27477,27478],{"class":282},"not found",[44,27480,279],{"class":278},[44,27482,4737],{"class":58},[44,27484,27485],{"class":3034},"    # not found\n",[44,27487,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,27489,106],{"class":105},[44,27491,93],{"class":58},[44,27493,8583],{"class":89},[44,27495,86],{"class":58},[44,27497,25608],{"class":89},[44,27499,93],{"class":58},[44,27501,279],{"class":278},[44,27503,63],{"class":282},[44,27505,279],{"class":278},[44,27507,66],{"class":58},[44,27509,290],{"class":278},[44,27511,27478],{"class":282},[44,27513,279],{"class":278},[44,27515,4737],{"class":58},[44,27517,27518],{"class":3034},"  # one\n",[20,27520,27521,3766,27523,27525],{},[15,27522,63],{},[15,27524,27419],{}," are different keys.",[30,27527,8250],{"id":8249},[20,27529,8253,27530,27532],{},[15,27531,12135],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,27534,27536],{"className":37,"code":27535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27537,27538,27548,27562,27580,27610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27539,27540,27542,27544,27546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27541,106],{"class":105},[44,27543,93],{"class":58},[44,27545,10825],{"class":89},[44,27547,99],{"class":58},[44,27549,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27551,106],{"class":105},[44,27553,93],{"class":58},[44,27555,10825],{"class":89},[44,27557,86],{"class":58},[44,27559,16292],{"class":89},[44,27561,6571],{"class":58},[44,27563,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27565,106],{"class":105},[44,27567,93],{"class":58},[44,27569,351],{"class":278},[44,27571,7046],{"class":282},[44,27573,351],{"class":278},[44,27575,20540],{"class":3246},[44,27577,11139],{"class":89},[44,27579,99],{"class":58},[44,27581,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,27583,106],{"class":105},[44,27585,93],{"class":58},[44,27587,10825],{"class":89},[44,27589,86],{"class":58},[44,27591,25608],{"class":89},[44,27593,93],{"class":58},[44,27595,351],{"class":278},[44,27597,7046],{"class":282},[44,27599,351],{"class":278},[44,27601,66],{"class":58},[44,27603,360],{"class":278},[44,27605,26140],{"class":282},[44,27607,351],{"class":278},[44,27609,973],{"class":58},[44,27611,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27613,106],{"class":105},[44,27615,93],{"class":58},[44,27617,1090],{"class":909},[44,27619,93],{"class":58},[44,27621,10825],{"class":89},[44,27623,973],{"class":58},[20,27625,20703],{},[165,27627,27628,27633,27638,27643,27649],{},[168,27629,27630,27632],{},[15,27631,12052],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[168,27634,27635,27637],{},[15,27636,20715],{}," shows all available keys",[168,27639,27640,27642],{},[15,27641,20721],{}," checks whether a key exists",[168,27644,27645,27648],{},[15,27646,27647],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[168,27650,27651,27653],{},[15,27652,12058],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27655,27656,27657,86],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[184,27658,8769],{"href":8768},[30,27660,1235],{"id":1234},[693,27662,27664,27665,27667],{"id":27663},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27666,12135],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27669,27670],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[693,27672,27674],{"id":27673},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27676,27677,25905,27679,27681,27682,27684],{},[15,27678,25704],{},[15,27680,19053],{},". ",[15,27683,25708],{}," returns the default value instead.",[693,27686,1239,27688,14267],{"id":27687},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27689,12135],{},[20,27691,27692],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[693,27694,27696,27697,27699],{"id":27695},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27698,12135],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27701,27702,27703,27705,27706,86],{},"Not with ",[15,27704,11942],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[184,27707,27708],{"href":11953},[15,27709,12142],{},[693,27711,4554,27713,3766,27715,1863],{"id":27712},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27714,10116],{},[15,27716,12135],{},[20,27718,27719,27721,27722,27724],{},[15,27720,10116],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27723,12135],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,27726,1279],{"id":1278},[165,27728,27729,27735,27742,27746,27750,27754],{},[168,27730,27731],{},[184,27732,27733],{"href":10112},[15,27734,19034],{},[168,27736,27737],{},[184,27738,27739],{"href":11953},[15,27740,27741],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[168,27743,27744],{},[184,27745,12159],{"href":11946},[168,27747,27748],{},[184,27749,20824],{"href":15965},[168,27751,27752],{},[184,27753,10638],{"href":10450},[168,27755,27756],{},[184,27757,27759],{"href":27758},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1304,27761,27762],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":27764},[27765,27766,27768,27769,27770,27772,27779,27786,27796,27797,27798,27809],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":25715,"depth":80,"text":27767},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":26200,"depth":80,"text":27771},"When to use pop()",{"id":26387,"depth":80,"text":27773,"children":27774},"pop() vs del",[27775,27777],{"id":26402,"depth":102,"text":27776},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26505,"depth":102,"text":27778},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26608,"depth":80,"text":27780,"children":27781},"How to avoid KeyError",[27782,27783,27784],{"id":26617,"depth":102,"text":26618},{"id":26713,"depth":102,"text":26714},{"id":26821,"depth":102,"text":27785},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":27787},[27788,27790,27792,27794],{"id":26931,"depth":102,"text":27789},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27064,"depth":102,"text":27791},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27169,"depth":102,"text":27793},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27286,"depth":102,"text":27795},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27387,"depth":80,"text":27388},{"id":8249,"depth":80,"text":8250},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":27799},[27800,27802,27803,27805,27807],{"id":27663,"depth":102,"text":27801},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27673,"depth":102,"text":27674},{"id":27687,"depth":102,"text":27804},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27695,"depth":102,"text":27806},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27712,"depth":102,"text":27808},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25536,"description":27810},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27817,"title":27741,"body":27818,"description":29755,"extension":1334,"meta":29756,"navigation":322,"path":29757,"seo":29758,"stem":29759,"__hash__":29760},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27819,"toc":29719},[27820,27825,27830,27833,27841,27851,27853,27942,27946,27995,28000,28005,28009,28025,28028,28030,28045,28047,28063,28070,28074,28080,28089,28091,28160,28164,28185,28188,28207,28210,28233,28235,28238,28353,28357,28416,28423,28427,28433,28558,28562,28612,28615,28619,28626,28628,28691,28695,28716,28719,28728,28743,28751,28758,28762,28774,28778,28789,28791,28937,28941,29000,29007,29012,29016,29022,29045,29049,29067,29071,29142,29149,29222,29231,29236,29241,29252,29255,29392,29396,29428,29433,29435,29439,29499,29502,29559,29562,29605,29607,29612,29618,29624,29627,29634,29642,29647,29650,29657,29665,29667,29716],[10,27821,10694,27823,18],{"id":27822},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,27824,12142],{},[20,27826,1351,27827,27829],{},[15,27828,12142],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27831,27832],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[165,27834,27835,27838],{},[168,27836,27837],{},"remove an item",[168,27839,27840],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,27842,27843,27844,27846,27847,27850],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,27845,12142],{}," removes the ",[116,27848,27849],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,27852,33],{"id":32},[35,27854,27856],{"className":37,"code":27855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,27857,27858,27902,27918,27922,27932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27859,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27861,8544],{"class":50},[44,27863,55],{"class":54},[44,27865,59],{"class":58},[44,27867,279],{"class":278},[44,27869,184],{"class":282},[44,27871,279],{"class":278},[44,27873,1084],{"class":58},[44,27875,4874],{"class":62},[44,27877,66],{"class":58},[44,27879,290],{"class":278},[44,27881,563],{"class":282},[44,27883,279],{"class":278},[44,27885,1084],{"class":58},[44,27887,69],{"class":62},[44,27889,66],{"class":58},[44,27891,290],{"class":278},[44,27893,583],{"class":282},[44,27895,279],{"class":278},[44,27897,1084],{"class":58},[44,27899,74],{"class":62},[44,27901,77],{"class":58},[44,27903,27904,27907,27909,27911,27913,27916],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27905,27906],{"class":50},"item ",[44,27908,55],{"class":54},[44,27910,13938],{"class":50},[44,27912,86],{"class":58},[44,27914,27915],{"class":89},"popitem",[44,27917,913],{"class":58},[44,27919,27920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27921,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,27923,27924,27926,27928,27930],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,27925,106],{"class":105},[44,27927,93],{"class":58},[44,27929,215],{"class":89},[44,27931,99],{"class":58},[44,27933,27934,27936,27938,27940],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27935,106],{"class":105},[44,27937,93],{"class":58},[44,27939,8583],{"class":89},[44,27941,99],{"class":58},[20,27943,27944],{},[116,27945,118],{},[35,27947,27949],{"className":37,"code":27948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,27950,27951,27967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27952,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27954,93],{"class":58},[44,27956,351],{"class":278},[44,27958,583],{"class":282},[44,27960,351],{"class":278},[44,27962,66],{"class":58},[44,27964,74],{"class":62},[44,27966,99],{"class":58},[44,27968,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,27970,128],{"class":58},[44,27972,351],{"class":278},[44,27974,184],{"class":282},[44,27976,351],{"class":278},[44,27978,1084],{"class":58},[44,27980,4874],{"class":62},[44,27982,66],{"class":58},[44,27984,360],{"class":278},[44,27986,563],{"class":282},[44,27988,351],{"class":278},[44,27990,1084],{"class":58},[44,27992,69],{"class":62},[44,27994,77],{"class":58},[20,27996,27997,27999],{},[15,27998,12142],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,28001,155,28003,158],{"id":28002},"what-popitem-does",[15,28004,12142],{},[20,28006,28007,1084],{},[15,28008,12142],{},[165,28010,28011,28014,28019,28022],{},[168,28012,28013],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[168,28015,28016,28017],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28018,21022],{},[168,28020,28021],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[168,28023,28024],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28026,28027],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,28029,196],{"id":195},[35,28031,28033],{"className":37,"code":28032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28034,28035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28036,28037,28039,28041,28043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28038,14975],{"class":50},[44,28040,86],{"class":58},[44,28042,27915],{"class":89},[44,28044,913],{"class":58},[20,28046,220],{},[165,28048,28049,28057,28060],{},[168,28050,28051,28053,28054],{},[15,28052,12142],{}," takes ",[116,28055,28056],{},"no arguments",[168,28058,28059],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[168,28061,28062],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28064,28065,28066,6007],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[184,28067,28068],{"href":11939},[15,28069,12135],{},[30,28071,28073],{"id":28072},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28075,28076,28077,28079],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28078,12142],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28081,28082,28083,28086],"ol",{},[168,28084,28085],{},"the key",[168,28087,28088],{},"the value",[20,28090,894],{},[35,28092,28094],{"className":37,"code":28093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28095,28096,28132,28146,28150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28097,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28099,12575],{"class":50},[44,28101,55],{"class":54},[44,28103,59],{"class":58},[44,28105,279],{"class":278},[44,28107,7046],{"class":282},[44,28109,279],{"class":278},[44,28111,1084],{"class":58},[44,28113,290],{"class":278},[44,28115,4377],{"class":282},[44,28117,279],{"class":278},[44,28119,66],{"class":58},[44,28121,290],{"class":278},[44,28123,8677],{"class":282},[44,28125,279],{"class":278},[44,28127,1084],{"class":58},[44,28129,8684],{"class":62},[44,28131,77],{"class":58},[44,28133,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28135,1602],{"class":50},[44,28137,55],{"class":54},[44,28139,12618],{"class":50},[44,28141,86],{"class":58},[44,28143,27915],{"class":89},[44,28145,913],{"class":58},[44,28147,28148],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28149,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,28151,28152,28154,28156,28158],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,28153,106],{"class":105},[44,28155,93],{"class":58},[44,28157,1637],{"class":89},[44,28159,99],{"class":58},[20,28161,28162],{},[116,28163,118],{},[35,28165,28167],{"className":37,"code":28166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28168,28169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28170,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28172,93],{"class":58},[44,28174,351],{"class":278},[44,28176,8677],{"class":282},[44,28178,351],{"class":278},[44,28180,66],{"class":58},[44,28182,8684],{"class":62},[44,28184,99],{"class":58},[20,28186,28187],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,28189,28191],{"className":37,"code":28190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28192,28193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28194,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28196,1602],{"class":50},[44,28198,55],{"class":54},[44,28200,12618],{"class":50},[44,28202,86],{"class":58},[44,28204,27915],{"class":89},[44,28206,913],{"class":58},[20,28208,28209],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,28211,28213],{"className":37,"code":28212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28214,28215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28216,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28218,14212],{"class":50},[44,28220,66],{"class":58},[44,28222,20951],{"class":50},[44,28224,55],{"class":54},[44,28226,12618],{"class":50},[44,28228,86],{"class":58},[44,28230,27915],{"class":89},[44,28232,913],{"class":58},[30,28234,258],{"id":257},[20,28236,28237],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,28239,28241],{"className":37,"code":28240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28242,28243,28291,28295,28310,28314,28334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28244,28245,28247,28249,28251,28253,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28275,28277,28279,28282,28284,28286,28289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28246,4437],{"class":50},[44,28248,55],{"class":54},[44,28250,59],{"class":58},[44,28252,279],{"class":278},[44,28254,28255],{"class":282},"Tom",[44,28257,279],{"class":278},[44,28259,1084],{"class":58},[44,28261,4449],{"class":62},[44,28263,66],{"class":58},[44,28265,290],{"class":278},[44,28267,12253],{"class":282},[44,28269,279],{"class":278},[44,28271,1084],{"class":58},[44,28273,28274],{"class":62}," 95",[44,28276,66],{"class":58},[44,28278,290],{"class":278},[44,28280,28281],{"class":282},"Leo",[44,28283,279],{"class":278},[44,28285,1084],{"class":58},[44,28287,28288],{"class":62}," 88",[44,28290,77],{"class":58},[44,28292,28293],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28294,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,28296,28297,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28298,28299],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,28301,55],{"class":54},[44,28303,4484],{"class":50},[44,28305,86],{"class":58},[44,28307,27915],{"class":89},[44,28309,913],{"class":58},[44,28311,28312],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,28313,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,28315,28316,28318,28320,28322,28325,28327,28329,28332],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,28317,106],{"class":105},[44,28319,93],{"class":58},[44,28321,279],{"class":278},[44,28323,28324],{"class":282},"Removed:",[44,28326,279],{"class":278},[44,28328,66],{"class":58},[44,28330,28331],{"class":89}," removed_pair",[44,28333,99],{"class":58},[44,28335,28336,28338,28340,28342,28345,28347,28349,28351],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,28337,106],{"class":105},[44,28339,93],{"class":58},[44,28341,279],{"class":278},[44,28343,28344],{"class":282},"After removal:",[44,28346,279],{"class":278},[44,28348,66],{"class":58},[44,28350,4484],{"class":89},[44,28352,99],{"class":58},[20,28354,28355],{},[116,28356,118],{},[35,28358,28360],{"className":37,"code":28359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28361,28362,28383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28363,28364,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28365,28366],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,28368,1084],{"class":58},[44,28370,8615],{"class":58},[44,28372,351],{"class":278},[44,28374,28281],{"class":282},[44,28376,351],{"class":278},[44,28378,66],{"class":58},[44,28380,28288],{"class":62},[44,28382,99],{"class":58},[44,28384,28385,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28386,28387],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,28389,1084],{"class":58},[44,28391,59],{"class":58},[44,28393,351],{"class":278},[44,28395,28255],{"class":282},[44,28397,351],{"class":278},[44,28399,1084],{"class":58},[44,28401,4449],{"class":62},[44,28403,66],{"class":58},[44,28405,360],{"class":278},[44,28407,12253],{"class":282},[44,28409,351],{"class":278},[44,28411,1084],{"class":58},[44,28413,28274],{"class":62},[44,28415,77],{"class":58},[20,28417,28418,28419,28422],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28420,28421],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,28424,28426],{"id":28425},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28428,28429,28430,28432],{},"Because ",[15,28431,12142],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,28434,28436],{"className":37,"code":28435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28437,28438,28474,28478,28497,28501,28520,28539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28439,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470,28472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28441,14818],{"class":50},[44,28443,55],{"class":54},[44,28445,59],{"class":58},[44,28447,279],{"class":278},[44,28449,14829],{"class":282},[44,28451,279],{"class":278},[44,28453,1084],{"class":58},[44,28455,290],{"class":278},[44,28457,14838],{"class":282},[44,28459,279],{"class":278},[44,28461,66],{"class":58},[44,28463,290],{"class":278},[44,28465,14849],{"class":282},[44,28467,279],{"class":278},[44,28469,1084],{"class":58},[44,28471,26274],{"class":62},[44,28473,77],{"class":58},[44,28475,28476],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28477,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,28479,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28491,28493,28495],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28481,14212],{"class":50},[44,28483,66],{"class":58},[44,28485,20951],{"class":50},[44,28487,55],{"class":54},[44,28489,28490],{"class":50}," book",[44,28492,86],{"class":58},[44,28494,27915],{"class":89},[44,28496,913],{"class":58},[44,28498,28499],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,28500,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,28502,28503,28505,28507,28509,28512,28514,28516,28518],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,28504,106],{"class":105},[44,28506,93],{"class":58},[44,28508,279],{"class":278},[44,28510,28511],{"class":282},"Key:",[44,28513,279],{"class":278},[44,28515,66],{"class":58},[44,28517,20946],{"class":89},[44,28519,99],{"class":58},[44,28521,28522,28524,28526,28528,28531,28533,28535,28537],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,28523,106],{"class":105},[44,28525,93],{"class":58},[44,28527,279],{"class":278},[44,28529,28530],{"class":282},"Value:",[44,28532,279],{"class":278},[44,28534,66],{"class":58},[44,28536,7811],{"class":89},[44,28538,99],{"class":58},[44,28540,28541,28543,28545,28547,28550,28552,28554,28556],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,28542,106],{"class":105},[44,28544,93],{"class":58},[44,28546,279],{"class":278},[44,28548,28549],{"class":282},"Dictionary:",[44,28551,279],{"class":278},[44,28553,66],{"class":58},[44,28555,28490],{"class":89},[44,28557,99],{"class":58},[20,28559,28560],{},[116,28561,118],{},[35,28563,28565],{"className":37,"code":28564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28566,28567,28577,28587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28568,28569,28572,28574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28570,28571],{"class":50},"Key",[44,28573,1084],{"class":58},[44,28575,28576],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,28578,28579,28582,28584],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28580,28581],{"class":50},"Value",[44,28583,1084],{"class":58},[44,28585,28586],{"class":62}," 200\n",[44,28588,28589,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600,28602,28604,28606,28608,28610],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28590,28591],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,28593,1084],{"class":58},[44,28595,59],{"class":58},[44,28597,351],{"class":278},[44,28599,14829],{"class":282},[44,28601,351],{"class":278},[44,28603,1084],{"class":58},[44,28605,360],{"class":278},[44,28607,14838],{"class":282},[44,28609,351],{"class":278},[44,28611,77],{"class":58},[20,28613,28614],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,28616,28618],{"id":28617},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28620,28621,28622,27846,28624,86],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28623,12142],{},[116,28625,27849],{},[20,28627,894],{},[35,28629,28631],{"className":37,"code":28630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28632,28633,28677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28634,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28636,8544],{"class":50},[44,28638,55],{"class":54},[44,28640,59],{"class":58},[44,28642,279],{"class":278},[44,28644,1545],{"class":282},[44,28646,279],{"class":278},[44,28648,1084],{"class":58},[44,28650,4874],{"class":62},[44,28652,66],{"class":58},[44,28654,290],{"class":278},[44,28656,11118],{"class":282},[44,28658,279],{"class":278},[44,28660,1084],{"class":58},[44,28662,69],{"class":62},[44,28664,66],{"class":58},[44,28666,290],{"class":278},[44,28668,21444],{"class":282},[44,28670,279],{"class":278},[44,28672,1084],{"class":58},[44,28674,74],{"class":62},[44,28676,77],{"class":58},[44,28678,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28680,106],{"class":105},[44,28682,93],{"class":58},[44,28684,8583],{"class":89},[44,28686,86],{"class":58},[44,28688,27915],{"class":89},[44,28690,6571],{"class":58},[20,28692,28693],{},[116,28694,118],{},[35,28696,28698],{"className":37,"code":28697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28699,28700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28701,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28703,93],{"class":58},[44,28705,351],{"class":278},[44,28707,21444],{"class":282},[44,28709,351],{"class":278},[44,28711,66],{"class":58},[44,28713,74],{"class":62},[44,28715,99],{"class":58},[20,28717,28718],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28720,28721,28722,28724,28725,28727],{},"As a beginner, do ",[116,28723,736],{}," think of ",[15,28726,12142],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28729,28730,28731,1561,28735,16441,28739,86],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[184,28732,28733],{"href":16444},[15,28734,16447],{},[184,28736,28737],{"href":16431},[15,28738,16434],{},[184,28740,28741],{"href":16437},[15,28742,16440],{},[30,28744,28746,28747,3766,28749],{"id":28745},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28748,12142],{},[15,28750,12135],{},[20,28752,28753,3766,28755,28757],{},[15,28754,12142],{},[15,28756,12135],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[693,28759,28760],{"id":27915},[15,28761,12142],{},[165,28763,28764,28767,28770],{},[168,28765,28766],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[168,28768,28769],{},"does not need a key argument",[168,28771,3062,28772],{},[15,28773,21022],{},[693,28775,28776],{"id":25608},[15,28777,12135],{},[165,28779,28780,28783,28786],{},[168,28781,28782],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[168,28784,28785],{},"needs the key name",[168,28787,28788],{},"returns only the value",[20,28790,894],{},[35,28792,28794],{"className":37,"code":28793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28795,28796,28840,28844,28858,28878,28882,28904,28923,28927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28797,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826,28828,28830,28832,28834,28836,28838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28799,8544],{"class":50},[44,28801,55],{"class":54},[44,28803,59],{"class":58},[44,28805,279],{"class":278},[44,28807,184],{"class":282},[44,28809,279],{"class":278},[44,28811,1084],{"class":58},[44,28813,4874],{"class":62},[44,28815,66],{"class":58},[44,28817,290],{"class":278},[44,28819,563],{"class":282},[44,28821,279],{"class":278},[44,28823,1084],{"class":58},[44,28825,69],{"class":62},[44,28827,66],{"class":58},[44,28829,290],{"class":278},[44,28831,583],{"class":282},[44,28833,279],{"class":278},[44,28835,1084],{"class":58},[44,28837,74],{"class":62},[44,28839,77],{"class":58},[44,28841,28842],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28843,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,28845,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28847,27906],{"class":50},[44,28849,55],{"class":54},[44,28851,13938],{"class":50},[44,28853,86],{"class":58},[44,28855,27915],{"class":89},[44,28857,913],{"class":58},[44,28859,28860,28862,28864,28866,28869,28871,28873,28876],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,28861,106],{"class":105},[44,28863,93],{"class":58},[44,28865,279],{"class":278},[44,28867,28868],{"class":282},"popitem():",[44,28870,279],{"class":278},[44,28872,66],{"class":58},[44,28874,28875],{"class":89}," item",[44,28877,99],{"class":58},[44,28879,28880],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,28881,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,28883,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,28885,1819],{"class":50},[44,28887,55],{"class":54},[44,28889,13938],{"class":50},[44,28891,86],{"class":58},[44,28893,25608],{"class":89},[44,28895,93],{"class":58},[44,28897,279],{"class":278},[44,28899,184],{"class":282},[44,28901,279],{"class":278},[44,28903,99],{"class":58},[44,28905,28906,28908,28910,28912,28915,28917,28919,28921],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,28907,106],{"class":105},[44,28909,93],{"class":58},[44,28911,279],{"class":278},[44,28913,28914],{"class":282},"pop('a'):",[44,28916,279],{"class":278},[44,28918,66],{"class":58},[44,28920,7811],{"class":89},[44,28922,99],{"class":58},[44,28924,28925],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,28926,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,28928,28929,28931,28933,28935],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,28930,106],{"class":105},[44,28932,93],{"class":58},[44,28934,8583],{"class":89},[44,28936,99],{"class":58},[20,28938,28939],{},[116,28940,118],{},[35,28942,28944],{"className":37,"code":28943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,28945,28946,28967,28984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28947,28948,28950,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28949,27915],{"class":89},[44,28951,28952],{"class":58},"():",[44,28954,8615],{"class":58},[44,28956,351],{"class":278},[44,28958,583],{"class":282},[44,28960,351],{"class":278},[44,28962,66],{"class":58},[44,28964,74],{"class":62},[44,28966,99],{"class":58},[44,28968,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,28970,25608],{"class":89},[44,28972,93],{"class":58},[44,28974,351],{"class":278},[44,28976,184],{"class":282},[44,28978,351],{"class":278},[44,28980,15820],{"class":58},[44,28982,28983],{"class":62}," 1\n",[44,28985,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28987,128],{"class":58},[44,28989,351],{"class":278},[44,28991,563],{"class":282},[44,28993,351],{"class":278},[44,28995,1084],{"class":58},[44,28997,69],{"class":62},[44,28999,77],{"class":58},[20,29001,148,29002,29006],{},[184,29003,29004],{"href":11939},[15,29005,12135],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29008,148,29009,29011],{},[15,29010,12142],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,29013,29015],{"id":29014},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29017,29018,29019,29021],{},"Calling ",[15,29020,12142],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29023,29025],{"className":37,"code":29024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29026,29027,29035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29028,29029,29031,29033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29030,8544],{"class":50},[44,29032,55],{"class":54},[44,29034,9215],{"class":58},[44,29036,29037,29039,29041,29043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29038,8583],{"class":50},[44,29040,86],{"class":58},[44,29042,27915],{"class":89},[44,29044,913],{"class":58},[20,29046,29047],{},[116,29048,1071],{},[35,29050,29052],{"className":37,"code":29051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29053,29054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29055,29056,29058,29060,29062,29065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29057,19053],{"class":909},[44,29059,1084],{"class":58},[44,29061,360],{"class":278},[44,29063,29064],{"class":282},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29066,1100],{"class":278},[693,29068,29070],{"id":29069},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29072,29074],{"className":37,"code":29073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29075,29076,29084,29088,29096,29111,29121,29127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29077,29078,29080,29082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29079,8544],{"class":50},[44,29081,55],{"class":54},[44,29083,9215],{"class":58},[44,29085,29086],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29087,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,29089,29090,29092,29094],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29091,6374],{"class":3246},[44,29093,13938],{"class":50},[44,29095,5770],{"class":58},[44,29097,29098,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,29099,29100],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29102,55],{"class":54},[44,29104,13938],{"class":50},[44,29106,86],{"class":58},[44,29108,27915],{"class":89},[44,29110,913],{"class":58},[44,29112,29113,29115,29117,29119],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29114,7447],{"class":105},[44,29116,93],{"class":58},[44,29118,215],{"class":89},[44,29120,99],{"class":58},[44,29122,29123,29125],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,29124,26801],{"class":3246},[44,29126,5770],{"class":58},[44,29128,29129,29131,29133,29135,29138,29140],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,29130,7447],{"class":105},[44,29132,93],{"class":58},[44,29134,279],{"class":278},[44,29136,29137],{"class":282},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29139,279],{"class":278},[44,29141,99],{"class":58},[693,29143,29145,29146],{"id":29144},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29147,29148],{},"try-except",[35,29150,29152],{"className":37,"code":29151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29153,29154,29162,29166,29173,29187,29197,29207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29155,29156,29158,29160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29157,8544],{"class":50},[44,29159,55],{"class":54},[44,29161,9215],{"class":58},[44,29163,29164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29165,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,29167,29168,29171],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29169,29170],{"class":3246},"try",[44,29172,5770],{"class":58},[44,29174,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,29176,29100],{"class":50},[44,29178,55],{"class":54},[44,29180,13938],{"class":50},[44,29182,86],{"class":58},[44,29184,27915],{"class":89},[44,29186,913],{"class":58},[44,29188,29189,29191,29193,29195],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29190,7447],{"class":105},[44,29192,93],{"class":58},[44,29194,215],{"class":89},[44,29196,99],{"class":58},[44,29198,29199,29202,29205],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,29200,29201],{"class":3246},"except",[44,29203,29204],{"class":909}," KeyError",[44,29206,5770],{"class":58},[44,29208,29209,29211,29213,29215,29218,29220],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,29210,7447],{"class":105},[44,29212,93],{"class":58},[44,29214,279],{"class":278},[44,29216,29217],{"class":282},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,29219,279],{"class":278},[44,29221,99],{"class":58},[20,29223,29224,29225,86],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[184,29226,25046,29228],{"href":29227},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29229,29230],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,29232,4334,29234],{"id":29233},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29235,12142],{},[20,29237,29238,29240],{},[15,29239,12142],{}," is useful when:",[165,29242,29243,29246,29249],{},[168,29244,29245],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[168,29247,29248],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[168,29250,29251],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29253,29254],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,29256,29258],{"className":37,"code":29257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29259,29260,29269,29289,29309,29327,29331,29335,29345,29364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29261,29262,29265,29267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29263,29264],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,29266,55],{"class":54},[44,29268,10865],{"class":58},[44,29270,29271,29273,29276,29278,29280,29282,29285,29287],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29272,10870],{"class":278},[44,29274,29275],{"class":282},"first",[44,29277,279],{"class":278},[44,29279,1084],{"class":58},[44,29281,290],{"class":278},[44,29283,29284],{"class":282},"wash dishes",[44,29286,279],{"class":278},[44,29288,10886],{"class":58},[44,29290,29291,29293,29296,29298,29300,29302,29305,29307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29292,10870],{"class":278},[44,29294,29295],{"class":282},"second",[44,29297,279],{"class":278},[44,29299,1084],{"class":58},[44,29301,290],{"class":278},[44,29303,29304],{"class":282},"do homework",[44,29306,279],{"class":278},[44,29308,10886],{"class":58},[44,29310,29311,29313,29316,29318,29320,29322,29325],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,29312,10870],{"class":278},[44,29314,29315],{"class":282},"third",[44,29317,279],{"class":278},[44,29319,1084],{"class":58},[44,29321,290],{"class":278},[44,29323,29324],{"class":282},"read book",[44,29326,2727],{"class":278},[44,29328,29329],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29330,77],{"class":58},[44,29332,29333],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,29334,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,29336,29337,29340,29343],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,29338,29339],{"class":3246},"while",[44,29341,29342],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,29344,5770],{"class":58},[44,29346,29347,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,29348,29349],{"class":50},"    key",[44,29351,66],{"class":58},[44,29353,20951],{"class":50},[44,29355,55],{"class":54},[44,29357,29342],{"class":50},[44,29359,86],{"class":58},[44,29361,27915],{"class":89},[44,29363,913],{"class":58},[44,29365,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,29367,7447],{"class":105},[44,29369,93],{"class":58},[44,29371,21661],{"class":1436},[44,29373,279],{"class":282},[44,29375,128],{"class":62},[44,29377,14212],{"class":89},[44,29379,21670],{"class":62},[44,29381,21673],{"class":282},[44,29383,128],{"class":62},[44,29385,1188],{"class":89},[44,29387,21670],{"class":62},[44,29389,279],{"class":282},[44,29391,99],{"class":58},[20,29393,29394],{},[116,29395,339],{},[35,29397,29399],{"className":37,"code":29398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29400,29401,29410,29419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29402,29403,29405,29407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29404,29315],{"class":50},[44,29406,1084],{"class":58},[44,29408,29409],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,29411,29412,29414,29416],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29413,29295],{"class":50},[44,29415,1084],{"class":58},[44,29417,29418],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,29420,29421,29423,29425],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29422,29275],{"class":50},[44,29424,1084],{"class":58},[44,29426,29427],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,29429,28429,29430,29432],{},[15,29431,12142],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,29434,1113],{"id":1112},[20,29436,1116,29437,1084],{},[15,29438,12142],{},[165,29440,29441,29455,29474,29485],{},[168,29442,29443,29448],{},[116,29444,29018,29445,29447],{},[15,29446,12142],{}," on an empty dictionary",[165,29449,29450],{},[168,29451,29452,29453,86],{},"This raises ",[15,29454,19053],{},[168,29456,29457,29462],{},[116,29458,1129,29459,29461],{},[15,29460,12142],{}," to remove a specific key",[165,29463,29464,29467],{},[168,29465,29466],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[168,29468,148,29469,29473],{},[184,29470,29471],{"href":11939},[15,29472,12135],{}," if you need that.",[168,29475,29476,29480],{},[116,29477,4077,29478,27067],{},[15,29479,12142],{},[165,29481,29482],{},[168,29483,29484],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[168,29486,29487,29490],{},[116,29488,29489],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[165,29491,29492],{},[168,29493,29494,21342,29496,29498],{},[15,29495,12142],{},[15,29497,21022],{}," tuple.",[20,29500,29501],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,29503,29505],{"className":37,"code":29504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29506,29507,29517,29531,29535,29549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29508,29509,29511,29513,29515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29510,106],{"class":105},[44,29512,93],{"class":58},[44,29514,10825],{"class":89},[44,29516,99],{"class":58},[44,29518,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29520,106],{"class":105},[44,29522,93],{"class":58},[44,29524,10537],{"class":105},[44,29526,93],{"class":58},[44,29528,10825],{"class":89},[44,29530,973],{"class":58},[44,29532,29533],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29534,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,29536,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545,29547],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,29538,27906],{"class":50},[44,29540,55],{"class":54},[44,29542,11139],{"class":50},[44,29544,86],{"class":58},[44,29546,27915],{"class":89},[44,29548,913],{"class":58},[44,29550,29551,29553,29555,29557],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29552,106],{"class":105},[44,29554,93],{"class":58},[44,29556,215],{"class":89},[44,29558,99],{"class":58},[20,29560,29561],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,29563,29565],{"className":37,"code":29564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29566,29567,29585,29595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29568,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29570,14212],{"class":50},[44,29572,66],{"class":58},[44,29574,20951],{"class":50},[44,29576,55],{"class":54},[44,29578,11139],{"class":50},[44,29580,86],{"class":58},[44,29582,27915],{"class":89},[44,29584,913],{"class":58},[44,29586,29587,29589,29591,29593],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29588,106],{"class":105},[44,29590,93],{"class":58},[44,29592,14212],{"class":89},[44,29594,99],{"class":58},[44,29596,29597,29599,29601,29603],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29598,106],{"class":105},[44,29600,93],{"class":58},[44,29602,1188],{"class":89},[44,29604,99],{"class":58},[30,29606,1235],{"id":1234},[693,29608,4516,29610,4519],{"id":29609},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29611,12142],{},[20,29613,29614,29615,86],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29616,29617],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[693,29619,1239,29621,29623],{"id":29620},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29622,12142],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29625,29626],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[693,29628,29630,29631,29633],{"id":29629},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29632,12142],{}," removes?",[20,29635,29636,29637,29641],{},"No. Use ",[184,29638,29639],{"href":11939},[15,29640,12135],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[693,29643,1239,29645,14267],{"id":29644},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29646,12142],{},[20,29648,29649],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[693,29651,29653,29654,29656],{"id":29652},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29655,12142],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29658,29659,29660,29662,29663,86],{},"It raises ",[15,29661,19053],{}," with the message ",[15,29664,29064],{},[30,29666,1279],{"id":1278},[165,29668,29669,29676,29682,29688,29694,29701,29705,29709],{},[168,29670,29671],{},[184,29672,29673,29675],{"href":11939},[15,29674,12135],{}," method for dictionaries",[168,29677,29678],{},[184,29679,29680,29675],{"href":16444},[15,29681,16447],{},[168,29683,29684],{},[184,29685,29686,29675],{"href":16431},[15,29687,16434],{},[168,29689,29690],{},[184,29691,29692,29675],{"href":16437},[15,29693,16440],{},[168,29695,29696],{},[184,29697,29699,29675],{"href":29698},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29700,10697],{},[168,29702,29703],{},[184,29704,12159],{"href":11946},[168,29706,29707],{},[184,29708,20824],{"href":15965},[168,29710,29711],{},[184,29712,29713,29714],{"href":29227},"Fix ",[15,29715,29230],{},[1304,29717,29718],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":29720},[29721,29722,29724,29725,29726,29727,29728,29729,29734,29739,29741,29742,29754],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":28002,"depth":80,"text":29723},"What popitem() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":28072,"depth":80,"text":28073},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":28425,"depth":80,"text":28426},{"id":28617,"depth":80,"text":28618},{"id":28745,"depth":80,"text":29730,"children":29731},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29732,29733],{"id":27915,"depth":102,"text":12142},{"id":25608,"depth":102,"text":12135},{"id":29014,"depth":80,"text":29015,"children":29735},[29736,29737],{"id":29069,"depth":102,"text":29070},{"id":29144,"depth":102,"text":29738},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29233,"depth":80,"text":29740},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":29743},[29744,29746,29748,29750,29752],{"id":29609,"depth":102,"text":29745},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29620,"depth":102,"text":29747},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29629,"depth":102,"text":29749},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29644,"depth":102,"text":29751},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29652,"depth":102,"text":29753},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27741,"description":29755},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29762,"title":29763,"body":29764,"description":31665,"extension":1334,"meta":31666,"navigation":322,"path":13404,"seo":31667,"stem":31668,"__hash__":31669},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29765,"toc":31637},[29766,29771,29776,29779,29781,29877,29882,29887,29892,29895,29903,29906,29921,29923,30023,30025,30082,30086,30088,30091,30111,30116,30127,30130,30157,30160,30162,30219,30221,30242,30248,30253,30256,30267,30269,30377,30379,30432,30434,30446,30453,30459,30464,30467,30555,30557,30602,30605,30613,30616,30619,30688,30691,30694,30698,30701,30772,30774,30827,30830,30833,30836,30851,30854,30866,30869,30932,30934,30940,30942,30944,31023,31025,31066,31068,31133,31135,31172,31177,31182,31186,31200,31203,31326,31328,31413,31418,31420,31424,31446,31449,31528,31531,31550,31555,31557,31563,31568,31574,31577,31583,31586,31592,31597,31603,31609,31611,31634],[10,29767,10694,29769,18],{"id":29768},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29770,528],{},[20,29772,1351,29773,29775],{},[15,29774,528],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29777,29778],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,29780,33],{"id":32},[35,29782,29784],{"className":37,"code":29783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29785,29786,29822,29862,29872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29787,29788,29790,29792,29794,29796,29798,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808,29810,29812,29814,29816,29818,29820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29789,12575],{"class":50},[44,29791,55],{"class":54},[44,29793,59],{"class":58},[44,29795,279],{"class":278},[44,29797,7046],{"class":282},[44,29799,279],{"class":278},[44,29801,1084],{"class":58},[44,29803,290],{"class":278},[44,29805,12253],{"class":282},[44,29807,279],{"class":278},[44,29809,66],{"class":58},[44,29811,290],{"class":278},[44,29813,8677],{"class":282},[44,29815,279],{"class":278},[44,29817,1084],{"class":58},[44,29819,7168],{"class":62},[44,29821,77],{"class":58},[44,29823,29824,29826,29828,29830,29832,29834,29836,29838,29840,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29825,16676],{"class":50},[44,29827,86],{"class":58},[44,29829,647],{"class":89},[44,29831,4905],{"class":58},[44,29833,279],{"class":278},[44,29835,8677],{"class":282},[44,29837,279],{"class":278},[44,29839,1084],{"class":58},[44,29841,29842],{"class":62}," 21",[44,29844,66],{"class":58},[44,29846,290],{"class":278},[44,29848,9786],{"class":282},[44,29850,279],{"class":278},[44,29852,1084],{"class":58},[44,29854,290],{"class":278},[44,29856,15399],{"class":282},[44,29858,279],{"class":278},[44,29860,29861],{"class":58},"})\n",[44,29863,29864,29866,29868,29870],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29865,106],{"class":105},[44,29867,93],{"class":58},[44,29869,16676],{"class":89},[44,29871,99],{"class":58},[44,29873,29874],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,29875,29876],{"class":3034},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,29878,148,29879,29881],{},[15,29880,528],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,29883,155,29885,158],{"id":29884},"what-update-does",[15,29886,528],{},[20,29888,29889,29891],{},[15,29890,528],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,29893,29894],{},"It can do two main things:",[165,29896,29897,29900],{},[168,29898,29899],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[168,29901,29902],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,29904,29905],{},"Important things to know:",[165,29907,29908,29911,29914,29918],{},[168,29909,29910],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[168,29912,29913],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[168,29915,4522,29916],{},[15,29917,730],{},[168,29919,29920],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,29922,894],{},[35,29924,29926],{"className":37,"code":29925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,29927,29928,29970,30013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29929,29930,29932,29934,29936,29938,29940,29942,29944,29946,29949,29951,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961,29963,29966,29968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29931,12236],{"class":50},[44,29933,55],{"class":54},[44,29935,59],{"class":58},[44,29937,279],{"class":278},[44,29939,7046],{"class":282},[44,29941,279],{"class":278},[44,29943,1084],{"class":58},[44,29945,290],{"class":278},[44,29947,29948],{"class":282},"Mira",[44,29950,279],{"class":278},[44,29952,66],{"class":58},[44,29954,290],{"class":278},[44,29956,19257],{"class":282},[44,29958,279],{"class":278},[44,29960,1084],{"class":58},[44,29962,290],{"class":278},[44,29964,29965],{"class":282},"B",[44,29967,279],{"class":278},[44,29969,77],{"class":58},[44,29971,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984,29986,29988,29990,29992,29994,29996,29998,30000,30002,30004,30006,30009,30011],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,29973,12997],{"class":50},[44,29975,86],{"class":58},[44,29977,647],{"class":89},[44,29979,4905],{"class":58},[44,29981,279],{"class":278},[44,29983,19257],{"class":282},[44,29985,279],{"class":278},[44,29987,1084],{"class":58},[44,29989,290],{"class":278},[44,29991,21612],{"class":282},[44,29993,279],{"class":278},[44,29995,66],{"class":58},[44,29997,290],{"class":278},[44,29999,9786],{"class":282},[44,30001,279],{"class":278},[44,30003,1084],{"class":58},[44,30005,290],{"class":278},[44,30007,30008],{"class":282},"Quito",[44,30010,279],{"class":278},[44,30012,29861],{"class":58},[44,30014,30015,30017,30019,30021],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30016,106],{"class":105},[44,30018,93],{"class":58},[44,30020,12997],{"class":89},[44,30022,99],{"class":58},[20,30024,118],{},[35,30026,30028],{"className":37,"code":30027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30029,30030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30031,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058,30060,30062,30064,30066,30068,30070,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30033,128],{"class":58},[44,30035,351],{"class":278},[44,30037,7046],{"class":282},[44,30039,351],{"class":278},[44,30041,1084],{"class":58},[44,30043,360],{"class":278},[44,30045,29948],{"class":282},[44,30047,351],{"class":278},[44,30049,66],{"class":58},[44,30051,360],{"class":278},[44,30053,19257],{"class":282},[44,30055,351],{"class":278},[44,30057,1084],{"class":58},[44,30059,360],{"class":278},[44,30061,21612],{"class":282},[44,30063,351],{"class":278},[44,30065,66],{"class":58},[44,30067,360],{"class":278},[44,30069,9786],{"class":282},[44,30071,351],{"class":278},[44,30073,1084],{"class":58},[44,30075,360],{"class":278},[44,30077,30008],{"class":282},[44,30079,351],{"class":278},[44,30081,77],{"class":58},[20,30083,8530,30084,86],{},[184,30085,23995],{"href":8768},[30,30087,196],{"id":195},[20,30089,30090],{},"The basic form is:",[35,30092,30094],{"className":37,"code":30093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30095,30096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30097,30098,30100,30102,30104,30106,30109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30099,14975],{"class":50},[44,30101,86],{"class":58},[44,30103,647],{"class":89},[44,30105,93],{"class":58},[44,30107,30108],{"class":89},"other",[44,30110,99],{"class":58},[20,30112,30113,30115],{},[15,30114,30108],{}," can be:",[165,30117,30118,30121,30124],{},[168,30119,30120],{},"Another dictionary",[168,30122,30123],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[168,30125,30126],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30128,30129],{},"You can also use:",[35,30131,30133],{"className":37,"code":30132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30134,30135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30136,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30138,14975],{"class":50},[44,30140,86],{"class":58},[44,30142,647],{"class":89},[44,30144,93],{"class":58},[44,30146,7046],{"class":8554},[44,30148,55],{"class":54},[44,30150,279],{"class":278},[44,30152,7055],{"class":282},[44,30154,279],{"class":278},[44,30156,99],{"class":58},[20,30158,30159],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30161,894],{},[35,30163,30165],{"className":37,"code":30164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30166,30167,30187,30209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30168,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30170,8544],{"class":50},[44,30172,55],{"class":54},[44,30174,59],{"class":58},[44,30176,279],{"class":278},[44,30178,184],{"class":282},[44,30180,279],{"class":278},[44,30182,1084],{"class":58},[44,30184,4874],{"class":62},[44,30186,77],{"class":58},[44,30188,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203,30205,30207],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30190,8583],{"class":50},[44,30192,86],{"class":58},[44,30194,647],{"class":89},[44,30196,4905],{"class":58},[44,30198,279],{"class":278},[44,30200,184],{"class":282},[44,30202,279],{"class":278},[44,30204,1084],{"class":58},[44,30206,5381],{"class":62},[44,30208,29861],{"class":58},[44,30210,30211,30213,30215,30217],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30212,106],{"class":105},[44,30214,93],{"class":58},[44,30216,8583],{"class":89},[44,30218,99],{"class":58},[20,30220,118],{},[35,30222,30224],{"className":37,"code":30223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30225,30226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30227,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30229,128],{"class":58},[44,30231,351],{"class":278},[44,30233,184],{"class":282},[44,30235,351],{"class":278},[44,30237,1084],{"class":58},[44,30239,5381],{"class":62},[44,30241,77],{"class":58},[30,30243,1123,30245,30247],{"id":30244},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30246,528],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30249,30250,30251,86],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30252,528],{},[20,30254,30255],{},"It is useful when:",[165,30257,30258,30261,30264],{},[168,30259,30260],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[168,30262,30263],{},"Adding extra settings",[168,30265,30266],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30268,894],{},[35,30270,30272],{"className":37,"code":30271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30273,30274,30311,30348,30352,30367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30275,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302,30304,30306,30309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30277,13197],{"class":50},[44,30279,55],{"class":54},[44,30281,59],{"class":58},[44,30283,279],{"class":278},[44,30285,11867],{"class":282},[44,30287,279],{"class":278},[44,30289,1084],{"class":58},[44,30291,290],{"class":278},[44,30293,20294],{"class":282},[44,30295,279],{"class":278},[44,30297,66],{"class":58},[44,30299,290],{"class":278},[44,30301,13222],{"class":282},[44,30303,279],{"class":278},[44,30305,1084],{"class":58},[44,30307,30308],{"class":62}," 12",[44,30310,77],{"class":58},[44,30312,30313,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30314,30315],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,30317,55],{"class":54},[44,30319,59],{"class":58},[44,30321,279],{"class":278},[44,30323,13222],{"class":282},[44,30325,279],{"class":278},[44,30327,1084],{"class":58},[44,30329,13229],{"class":62},[44,30331,66],{"class":58},[44,30333,290],{"class":278},[44,30335,19489],{"class":282},[44,30337,279],{"class":278},[44,30339,1084],{"class":58},[44,30341,290],{"class":278},[44,30343,19523],{"class":282},[44,30345,279],{"class":278},[44,30347,77],{"class":58},[44,30349,30350],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30351,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,30353,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362,30365],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,30355,13256],{"class":50},[44,30357,86],{"class":58},[44,30359,647],{"class":89},[44,30361,93],{"class":58},[44,30363,30364],{"class":89},"new_settings",[44,30366,99],{"class":58},[44,30368,30369,30371,30373,30375],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,30370,106],{"class":105},[44,30372,93],{"class":58},[44,30374,13256],{"class":89},[44,30376,99],{"class":58},[20,30378,118],{},[35,30380,30382],{"className":37,"code":30381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30383,30384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30385,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30408,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418,30420,30422,30424,30426,30428,30430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30387,128],{"class":58},[44,30389,351],{"class":278},[44,30391,11867],{"class":282},[44,30393,351],{"class":278},[44,30395,1084],{"class":58},[44,30397,360],{"class":278},[44,30399,20294],{"class":282},[44,30401,351],{"class":278},[44,30403,66],{"class":58},[44,30405,360],{"class":278},[44,30407,13222],{"class":282},[44,30409,351],{"class":278},[44,30411,1084],{"class":58},[44,30413,13229],{"class":62},[44,30415,66],{"class":58},[44,30417,360],{"class":278},[44,30419,19489],{"class":282},[44,30421,351],{"class":278},[44,30423,1084],{"class":58},[44,30425,360],{"class":278},[44,30427,19523],{"class":282},[44,30429,351],{"class":278},[44,30431,77],{"class":58},[20,30433,12780],{},[165,30435,30436,30441],{},[168,30437,30438,30440],{},[15,30439,13222],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[168,30442,30443,30445],{},[15,30444,19489],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30447,30448,30449,86],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[184,30450,30452],{"href":30451},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,30454,1123,30456,30458],{"id":30455},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30457,528],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30460,30461,30463],{},[15,30462,528],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30465,30466],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,30468,30470],{"className":37,"code":30469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30471,30472,30492,30527,30531,30545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30473,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488,30490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30475,4437],{"class":50},[44,30477,55],{"class":54},[44,30479,59],{"class":58},[44,30481,279],{"class":278},[44,30483,17783],{"class":282},[44,30485,279],{"class":278},[44,30487,1084],{"class":58},[44,30489,19264],{"class":62},[44,30491,77],{"class":58},[44,30493,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30519,30521,30523,30525],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30495,8594],{"class":50},[44,30497,55],{"class":54},[44,30499,8599],{"class":58},[44,30501,279],{"class":278},[44,30503,17792],{"class":282},[44,30505,279],{"class":278},[44,30507,66],{"class":58},[44,30509,12878],{"class":62},[44,30511,8612],{"class":58},[44,30513,8615],{"class":58},[44,30515,279],{"class":278},[44,30517,30518],{"class":282},"english",[44,30520,279],{"class":278},[44,30522,66],{"class":58},[44,30524,28288],{"class":62},[44,30526,8628],{"class":58},[44,30528,30529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30530,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,30532,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,30534,15757],{"class":50},[44,30536,86],{"class":58},[44,30538,647],{"class":89},[44,30540,93],{"class":58},[44,30542,8641],{"class":89},[44,30544,99],{"class":58},[44,30546,30547,30549,30551,30553],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,30548,106],{"class":105},[44,30550,93],{"class":58},[44,30552,15757],{"class":89},[44,30554,99],{"class":58},[20,30556,118],{},[35,30558,30560],{"className":37,"code":30559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30561,30562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30563,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30565,128],{"class":58},[44,30567,351],{"class":278},[44,30569,17783],{"class":282},[44,30571,351],{"class":278},[44,30573,1084],{"class":58},[44,30575,19264],{"class":62},[44,30577,66],{"class":58},[44,30579,360],{"class":278},[44,30581,17792],{"class":282},[44,30583,351],{"class":278},[44,30585,1084],{"class":58},[44,30587,12878],{"class":62},[44,30589,66],{"class":58},[44,30591,360],{"class":278},[44,30593,30518],{"class":282},[44,30595,351],{"class":278},[44,30597,1084],{"class":58},[44,30599,28288],{"class":62},[44,30601,77],{"class":58},[20,30603,30604],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[165,30606,30607,30610],{},[168,30608,30609],{},"The key",[168,30611,30612],{},"The value",[20,30614,30615],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30617,30618],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,30620,30622],{"className":37,"code":30621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30623,30624,30644,30669,30673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30625,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30627,8544],{"class":50},[44,30629,55],{"class":54},[44,30631,59],{"class":58},[44,30633,279],{"class":278},[44,30635,184],{"class":282},[44,30637,279],{"class":278},[44,30639,1084],{"class":58},[44,30641,4874],{"class":62},[44,30643,77],{"class":58},[44,30645,30646,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30647,30648],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,30650,55],{"class":54},[44,30652,8599],{"class":58},[44,30654,279],{"class":278},[44,30656,563],{"class":282},[44,30658,279],{"class":278},[44,30660,66],{"class":58},[44,30662,69],{"class":62},[44,30664,66],{"class":58},[44,30666,74],{"class":62},[44,30668,8628],{"class":58},[44,30670,30671],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30672,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,30674,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30686],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,30676,8583],{"class":50},[44,30678,86],{"class":58},[44,30680,647],{"class":89},[44,30682,93],{"class":58},[44,30684,30685],{"class":89},"bad_pairs",[44,30687,99],{"class":58},[20,30689,30690],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30692,30693],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,30695,30697],{"id":30696},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30699,30700],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,30702,30704],{"className":37,"code":30703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30705,30706,30730,30762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30707,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30709,10860],{"class":50},[44,30711,55],{"class":54},[44,30713,59],{"class":58},[44,30715,279],{"class":278},[44,30717,7046],{"class":282},[44,30719,279],{"class":278},[44,30721,1084],{"class":58},[44,30723,290],{"class":278},[44,30725,28281],{"class":282},[44,30727,279],{"class":278},[44,30729,77],{"class":58},[44,30731,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30751,30753,30755,30758,30760],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30733,10954],{"class":50},[44,30735,86],{"class":58},[44,30737,647],{"class":89},[44,30739,93],{"class":58},[44,30741,8677],{"class":8554},[44,30743,55],{"class":54},[44,30745,8572],{"class":62},[44,30747,66],{"class":58},[44,30749,30750],{"class":8554}," city",[44,30752,55],{"class":54},[44,30754,279],{"class":278},[44,30756,30757],{"class":282},"Madrid",[44,30759,279],{"class":278},[44,30761,99],{"class":58},[44,30763,30764,30766,30768,30770],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30765,106],{"class":105},[44,30767,93],{"class":58},[44,30769,10954],{"class":89},[44,30771,99],{"class":58},[20,30773,118],{},[35,30775,30777],{"className":37,"code":30776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30778,30779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30780,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30782,128],{"class":58},[44,30784,351],{"class":278},[44,30786,7046],{"class":282},[44,30788,351],{"class":278},[44,30790,1084],{"class":58},[44,30792,360],{"class":278},[44,30794,28281],{"class":282},[44,30796,351],{"class":278},[44,30798,66],{"class":58},[44,30800,360],{"class":278},[44,30802,8677],{"class":282},[44,30804,351],{"class":278},[44,30806,1084],{"class":58},[44,30808,8684],{"class":62},[44,30810,66],{"class":58},[44,30812,360],{"class":278},[44,30814,9786],{"class":282},[44,30816,351],{"class":278},[44,30818,1084],{"class":58},[44,30820,360],{"class":278},[44,30822,30757],{"class":282},[44,30824,351],{"class":278},[44,30826,77],{"class":58},[20,30828,30829],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,30831,30832],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,30834,30835],{},"These work:",[165,30837,30838,30842,30846],{},[168,30839,30840],{},[15,30841,8677],{},[168,30843,30844],{},[15,30845,9786],{},[168,30847,30848],{},[15,30849,30850],{},"first_name",[20,30852,30853],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[165,30855,30856,30861],{},[168,30857,30858],{},[15,30859,30860],{},"\"first name\"",[168,30862,30863],{},[15,30864,30865],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,30867,30868],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,30870,30872],{"className":37,"code":30871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,30873,30874,30882,30922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30875,30876,30878,30880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30877,10860],{"class":50},[44,30879,55],{"class":54},[44,30881,9215],{"class":58},[44,30883,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30913,30915,30917,30920],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30885,10954],{"class":50},[44,30887,86],{"class":58},[44,30889,647],{"class":89},[44,30891,4905],{"class":58},[44,30893,279],{"class":278},[44,30895,9889],{"class":282},[44,30897,279],{"class":278},[44,30899,1084],{"class":58},[44,30901,290],{"class":278},[44,30903,28281],{"class":282},[44,30905,279],{"class":278},[44,30907,66],{"class":58},[44,30909,290],{"class":278},[44,30911,30912],{"class":282},"user-id",[44,30914,279],{"class":278},[44,30916,1084],{"class":58},[44,30918,30919],{"class":62}," 1001",[44,30921,29861],{"class":58},[44,30923,30924,30926,30928,30930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30925,106],{"class":105},[44,30927,93],{"class":58},[44,30929,10954],{"class":89},[44,30931,99],{"class":58},[30,30933,722],{"id":721},[20,30935,30936,727,30938,86],{},[15,30937,528],{},[15,30939,730],{},[20,30941,13420],{},[20,30943,24075],{},[35,30945,30947],{"className":37,"code":30946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,30948,30949,30973,30999,31003,31013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30950,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30952,12575],{"class":50},[44,30954,55],{"class":54},[44,30956,59],{"class":58},[44,30958,279],{"class":278},[44,30960,7046],{"class":282},[44,30962,279],{"class":278},[44,30964,1084],{"class":58},[44,30966,290],{"class":278},[44,30968,12253],{"class":282},[44,30970,279],{"class":278},[44,30972,77],{"class":58},[44,30974,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,30976,1602],{"class":50},[44,30978,55],{"class":54},[44,30980,12618],{"class":50},[44,30982,86],{"class":58},[44,30984,647],{"class":89},[44,30986,4905],{"class":58},[44,30988,279],{"class":278},[44,30990,8677],{"class":282},[44,30992,279],{"class":278},[44,30994,1084],{"class":58},[44,30996,7168],{"class":62},[44,30998,29861],{"class":58},[44,31000,31001],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31002,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,31004,31005,31007,31009,31011],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,31006,106],{"class":105},[44,31008,93],{"class":58},[44,31010,1637],{"class":89},[44,31012,99],{"class":58},[44,31014,31015,31017,31019,31021],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,31016,106],{"class":105},[44,31018,93],{"class":58},[44,31020,16676],{"class":89},[44,31022,99],{"class":58},[20,31024,118],{},[35,31026,31028],{"className":37,"code":31027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31029,31030,31034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31031,31032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31033,864],{"class":871},[44,31035,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31037,128],{"class":58},[44,31039,351],{"class":278},[44,31041,7046],{"class":282},[44,31043,351],{"class":278},[44,31045,1084],{"class":58},[44,31047,360],{"class":278},[44,31049,12253],{"class":282},[44,31051,351],{"class":278},[44,31053,66],{"class":58},[44,31055,360],{"class":278},[44,31057,8677],{"class":282},[44,31059,351],{"class":278},[44,31061,1084],{"class":58},[44,31063,7168],{"class":62},[44,31065,77],{"class":58},[20,31067,16024],{},[35,31069,31071],{"className":37,"code":31070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31072,31073,31097,31119,31123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31074,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31076,12575],{"class":50},[44,31078,55],{"class":54},[44,31080,59],{"class":58},[44,31082,279],{"class":278},[44,31084,7046],{"class":282},[44,31086,279],{"class":278},[44,31088,1084],{"class":58},[44,31090,290],{"class":278},[44,31092,12253],{"class":282},[44,31094,279],{"class":278},[44,31096,77],{"class":58},[44,31098,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31100,16676],{"class":50},[44,31102,86],{"class":58},[44,31104,647],{"class":89},[44,31106,4905],{"class":58},[44,31108,279],{"class":278},[44,31110,8677],{"class":282},[44,31112,279],{"class":278},[44,31114,1084],{"class":58},[44,31116,7168],{"class":62},[44,31118,29861],{"class":58},[44,31120,31121],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31122,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,31124,31125,31127,31129,31131],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,31126,106],{"class":105},[44,31128,93],{"class":58},[44,31130,16676],{"class":89},[44,31132,99],{"class":58},[20,31134,118],{},[35,31136,31138],{"className":37,"code":31137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31139,31140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31141,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31143,128],{"class":58},[44,31145,351],{"class":278},[44,31147,7046],{"class":282},[44,31149,351],{"class":278},[44,31151,1084],{"class":58},[44,31153,360],{"class":278},[44,31155,12253],{"class":282},[44,31157,351],{"class":278},[44,31159,66],{"class":58},[44,31161,360],{"class":278},[44,31163,8677],{"class":282},[44,31165,351],{"class":278},[44,31167,1084],{"class":58},[44,31169,7168],{"class":62},[44,31171,77],{"class":58},[20,31173,31174,31175,86],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[184,31176,17270],{"href":10107},[30,31178,4334,31180],{"id":31179},"when-to-use-update",[15,31181,528],{},[20,31183,148,31184,9977],{},[15,31185,528],{},[165,31187,31188,31191,31194,31197],{},[168,31189,31190],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[168,31192,31193],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[168,31195,31196],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[168,31198,31199],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31201,31202],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,31204,31206],{"className":37,"code":31205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31207,31208,31244,31259,31263,31302,31306,31316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31209,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31211,11458],{"class":50},[44,31213,55],{"class":54},[44,31215,59],{"class":58},[44,31217,279],{"class":278},[44,31219,7046],{"class":282},[44,31221,279],{"class":278},[44,31223,1084],{"class":58},[44,31225,290],{"class":278},[44,31227,12253],{"class":282},[44,31229,279],{"class":278},[44,31231,66],{"class":58},[44,31233,290],{"class":278},[44,31235,8677],{"class":282},[44,31237,279],{"class":278},[44,31239,1084],{"class":58},[44,31241,7168],{"class":62},[44,31243,77],{"class":58},[44,31245,31246,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31247,31248],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,31250,55],{"class":54},[44,31252,11533],{"class":50},[44,31254,86],{"class":58},[44,31256,12284],{"class":89},[44,31258,913],{"class":58},[44,31260,31261],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31262,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,31264,31265,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,31266,31267],{"class":50},"updated",[44,31269,86],{"class":58},[44,31271,647],{"class":89},[44,31273,4905],{"class":58},[44,31275,279],{"class":278},[44,31277,8677],{"class":282},[44,31279,279],{"class":278},[44,31281,1084],{"class":58},[44,31283,29842],{"class":62},[44,31285,66],{"class":58},[44,31287,290],{"class":278},[44,31289,9786],{"class":282},[44,31291,279],{"class":278},[44,31293,1084],{"class":58},[44,31295,290],{"class":278},[44,31297,15399],{"class":282},[44,31299,279],{"class":278},[44,31301,29861],{"class":58},[44,31303,31304],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,31305,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,31307,31308,31310,31312,31314],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,31309,106],{"class":105},[44,31311,93],{"class":58},[44,31313,11505],{"class":89},[44,31315,99],{"class":58},[44,31317,31318,31320,31322,31324],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,31319,106],{"class":105},[44,31321,93],{"class":58},[44,31323,31267],{"class":89},[44,31325,99],{"class":58},[20,31327,118],{},[35,31329,31331],{"className":37,"code":31330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31332,31333,31365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31334,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31336,128],{"class":58},[44,31338,351],{"class":278},[44,31340,7046],{"class":282},[44,31342,351],{"class":278},[44,31344,1084],{"class":58},[44,31346,360],{"class":278},[44,31348,12253],{"class":282},[44,31350,351],{"class":278},[44,31352,66],{"class":58},[44,31354,360],{"class":278},[44,31356,8677],{"class":282},[44,31358,351],{"class":278},[44,31360,1084],{"class":58},[44,31362,7168],{"class":62},[44,31364,77],{"class":58},[44,31366,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31368,128],{"class":58},[44,31370,351],{"class":278},[44,31372,7046],{"class":282},[44,31374,351],{"class":278},[44,31376,1084],{"class":58},[44,31378,360],{"class":278},[44,31380,12253],{"class":282},[44,31382,351],{"class":278},[44,31384,66],{"class":58},[44,31386,360],{"class":278},[44,31388,8677],{"class":282},[44,31390,351],{"class":278},[44,31392,1084],{"class":58},[44,31394,29842],{"class":62},[44,31396,66],{"class":58},[44,31398,360],{"class":278},[44,31400,9786],{"class":282},[44,31402,351],{"class":278},[44,31404,1084],{"class":58},[44,31406,360],{"class":278},[44,31408,15399],{"class":282},[44,31410,351],{"class":278},[44,31412,77],{"class":58},[20,31414,31415,31416,86],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[184,31417,15966],{"href":15965},[30,31419,1113],{"id":1112},[20,31421,10123,31422,1084],{},[15,31423,528],{},[165,31425,31426,31433,31437,31440,31443],{},[168,31427,11967,31428,31430,31431],{},[15,31429,528],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31432,730],{},[168,31434,1129,31435,11975],{},[15,31436,528],{},[168,31438,31439],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[168,31441,31442],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[168,31444,31445],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31447,31448],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,31450,31452],{"className":37,"code":31451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31453,31454,31464,31478,31492,31514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31455,31456,31458,31460,31462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31457,106],{"class":105},[44,31459,93],{"class":58},[44,31461,10825],{"class":89},[44,31463,99],{"class":58},[44,31465,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31467,106],{"class":105},[44,31469,93],{"class":58},[44,31471,1090],{"class":909},[44,31473,93],{"class":58},[44,31475,8583],{"class":89},[44,31477,973],{"class":58},[44,31479,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31481,106],{"class":105},[44,31483,93],{"class":58},[44,31485,1097],{"class":909},[44,31487,93],{"class":58},[44,31489,8583],{"class":89},[44,31491,973],{"class":58},[44,31493,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,31495,106],{"class":105},[44,31497,93],{"class":58},[44,31499,10825],{"class":89},[44,31501,86],{"class":58},[44,31503,19116],{"class":89},[44,31505,93],{"class":58},[44,31507,351],{"class":278},[44,31509,14212],{"class":282},[44,31511,351],{"class":278},[44,31513,973],{"class":58},[44,31515,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,31517,1209],{"class":105},[44,31519,93],{"class":58},[44,31521,8199],{"class":909},[44,31523,86],{"class":58},[44,31525,647],{"class":1219},[44,31527,99],{"class":58},[20,31529,31530],{},"These can help you check:",[165,31532,31533,31536,31541,31544,31547],{},[168,31534,31535],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[168,31537,31538,31539],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31540,528],{},[168,31542,31543],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[168,31545,31546],{},"Whether a key exists",[168,31548,31549],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31551,31552,31553,86],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[184,31554,10638],{"href":10450},[30,31556,1235],{"id":1234},[693,31558,1239,31560,31562],{"id":31559},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31561,528],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31564,31565,31566,86],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31567,730],{},[693,31569,1239,31571,31573],{"id":31570},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31572,528],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31575,31576],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[693,31578,4544,31580,31582],{"id":31579},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31581,528],{}," add new keys?",[20,31584,31585],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[693,31587,27696,31589,31591],{"id":31588},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31590,528],{}," with a list?",[20,31593,31594,31595,86],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31596,10470],{},[693,31598,4554,31600,31602],{"id":31599},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31601,528],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31604,31605,31606,31608],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31607,528],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,31610,1279],{"id":1278},[165,31612,31613,31617,31621,31626,31630],{},[168,31614,31615],{},[184,31616,25462],{"href":8768},[168,31618,31619],{},[184,31620,10627],{"href":10107},[168,31622,31623],{},[184,31624,31625],{"href":30451},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[168,31627,31628],{},[184,31629,20824],{"href":15965},[168,31631,31632],{},[184,31633,10638],{"href":10450},[1304,31635,31636],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":31638},[31639,31640,31642,31643,31645,31647,31648,31649,31651,31652,31664],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":29884,"depth":80,"text":31641},"What update() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":30244,"depth":80,"text":31644},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30455,"depth":80,"text":31646},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30696,"depth":80,"text":30697},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":31179,"depth":80,"text":31650},"When to use update()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":31653},[31654,31656,31658,31660,31662],{"id":31559,"depth":102,"text":31655},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31570,"depth":102,"text":31657},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31579,"depth":102,"text":31659},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31588,"depth":102,"text":31661},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31599,"depth":102,"text":31663},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29763,"description":31665},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31671,"title":31672,"body":31673,"description":33662,"extension":1334,"meta":33663,"navigation":322,"path":22262,"seo":33664,"stem":33665,"__hash__":33666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31674,"toc":33625},[31675,31680,31687,31690,31692,31791,31793,31848,31853,31858,31872,31877,31879,31894,31896,31910,31923,31928,31934,31941,31943,32050,32052,32101,32107,32182,32184,32205,32207,32210,32315,32317,32372,32374,32402,32406,32411,32490,32492,32512,32514,32525,32535,32539,32544,32648,32650,32675,32678,32689,32694,32703,32706,32723,32725,32812,32814,32877,32879,32902,32904,32909,32915,32920,32922,32961,32967,32970,32989,33000,33006,33009,33082,33084,33103,33108,33111,33134,33140,33143,33207,33210,33287,33294,33297,33356,33362,33364,33383,33387,33390,33441,33444,33464,33466,33527,33529,33534,33539,33544,33549,33554,33559,33565,33568,33577,33585,33587,33622],[10,31676,10694,31678,18],{"id":31677},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31679,16440],{},[20,31681,31682,31683,31686],{},"The Python ",[15,31684,31685],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31688,31689],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,31691,33],{"id":32},[35,31693,31695],{"className":37,"code":31694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31696,31697,31749,31763,31767,31777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31698,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31700,12236],{"class":50},[44,31702,55],{"class":54},[44,31704,59],{"class":58},[44,31706,279],{"class":278},[44,31708,7046],{"class":282},[44,31710,279],{"class":278},[44,31712,1084],{"class":58},[44,31714,290],{"class":278},[44,31716,12253],{"class":282},[44,31718,279],{"class":278},[44,31720,66],{"class":58},[44,31722,290],{"class":278},[44,31724,8677],{"class":282},[44,31726,279],{"class":278},[44,31728,1084],{"class":58},[44,31730,7168],{"class":62},[44,31732,66],{"class":58},[44,31734,290],{"class":278},[44,31736,9786],{"class":282},[44,31738,279],{"class":278},[44,31740,1084],{"class":58},[44,31742,290],{"class":278},[44,31744,15399],{"class":282},[44,31746,279],{"class":278},[44,31748,77],{"class":58},[44,31750,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31752,3193],{"class":50},[44,31754,55],{"class":54},[44,31756,12279],{"class":50},[44,31758,86],{"class":58},[44,31760,4734],{"class":89},[44,31762,913],{"class":58},[44,31764,31765],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31766,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,31768,31769,31771,31773,31775],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,31770,106],{"class":105},[44,31772,93],{"class":58},[44,31774,4734],{"class":89},[44,31776,99],{"class":58},[44,31778,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,31780,106],{"class":105},[44,31782,93],{"class":58},[44,31784,1097],{"class":909},[44,31786,93],{"class":58},[44,31788,4734],{"class":89},[44,31790,973],{"class":58},[20,31792,118],{},[35,31794,31796],{"className":37,"code":31795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31797,31798,31824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31799,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31801,16406],{"class":89},[44,31803,650],{"class":58},[44,31805,351],{"class":278},[44,31807,12253],{"class":282},[44,31809,351],{"class":278},[44,31811,66],{"class":58},[44,31813,7168],{"class":62},[44,31815,66],{"class":58},[44,31817,360],{"class":278},[44,31819,15399],{"class":282},[44,31821,351],{"class":278},[44,31823,677],{"class":58},[44,31825,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31827,3270],{"class":58},[44,31829,351],{"class":278},[44,31831,12253],{"class":282},[44,31833,351],{"class":278},[44,31835,66],{"class":58},[44,31837,7168],{"class":62},[44,31839,66],{"class":58},[44,31841,360],{"class":278},[44,31843,15399],{"class":282},[44,31845,351],{"class":278},[44,31847,3005],{"class":58},[20,31849,31850,31852],{},[15,31851,16440],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,31854,155,31856,158],{"id":31855},"what-values-does",[15,31857,16440],{},[165,31859,31860,31863,31866,31869],{},[168,31861,31862],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[168,31864,31865],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[168,31867,31868],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[168,31870,31871],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,31873,31874,31875,86],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[184,31876,8769],{"href":8768},[30,31878,196],{"id":195},[35,31880,31882],{"className":37,"code":31881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,31883,31884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31885,31886,31888,31890,31892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31887,10825],{"class":50},[44,31889,86],{"class":58},[44,31891,4734],{"class":89},[44,31893,913],{"class":58},[20,31895,12425],{},[165,31897,31898,31902,31905],{},[168,31899,31900,10840],{},[15,31901,16440],{},[168,31903,31904],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[168,31906,31907,31908],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,31909,16440],{},[20,31911,31912,31913,3766,31918,86],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[184,31914,31915,31917],{"href":16431},[15,31916,16434],{}," for dictionary keys",[184,31919,31920,31922],{"href":16444},[15,31921,16447],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,31924,155,31926,11078],{"id":31925},"what-values-returns",[15,31927,16440],{},[20,31929,31930,21342,31932,24130],{},[15,31931,16440],{},[15,31933,16406],{},[20,31935,31936,31937,31940],{},"This object is a ",[116,31938,31939],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,31942,894],{},[35,31944,31946],{"className":37,"code":31945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,31947,31948,31984,31988,32003,32014,32018,32040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31949,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31951,12575],{"class":50},[44,31953,55],{"class":54},[44,31955,59],{"class":58},[44,31957,279],{"class":278},[44,31959,7046],{"class":282},[44,31961,279],{"class":278},[44,31963,1084],{"class":58},[44,31965,290],{"class":278},[44,31967,7299],{"class":282},[44,31969,279],{"class":278},[44,31971,66],{"class":58},[44,31973,290],{"class":278},[44,31975,8677],{"class":282},[44,31977,279],{"class":278},[44,31979,1084],{"class":58},[44,31981,8684],{"class":62},[44,31983,77],{"class":58},[44,31985,31986],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,31987,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,31989,31990,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31991,31992],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,31994,55],{"class":54},[44,31996,12618],{"class":50},[44,31998,86],{"class":58},[44,32000,4734],{"class":89},[44,32002,913],{"class":58},[44,32004,32005,32007,32009,32012],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,32006,106],{"class":105},[44,32008,93],{"class":58},[44,32010,32011],{"class":89},"values_view",[44,32013,99],{"class":58},[44,32015,32016],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,32017,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,32019,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,32021,16676],{"class":50},[44,32023,3270],{"class":58},[44,32025,279],{"class":278},[44,32027,9786],{"class":282},[44,32029,279],{"class":278},[44,32031,12644],{"class":58},[44,32033,12647],{"class":54},[44,32035,290],{"class":278},[44,32037,30008],{"class":282},[44,32039,2727],{"class":278},[44,32041,32042,32044,32046,32048],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,32043,106],{"class":105},[44,32045,93],{"class":58},[44,32047,32011],{"class":89},[44,32049,99],{"class":58},[20,32051,118],{},[35,32053,32055],{"className":37,"code":32054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32056,32057,32075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32058,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32060,16406],{"class":89},[44,32062,650],{"class":58},[44,32064,351],{"class":278},[44,32066,7299],{"class":282},[44,32068,351],{"class":278},[44,32070,66],{"class":58},[44,32072,8684],{"class":62},[44,32074,677],{"class":58},[44,32076,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32078,16406],{"class":89},[44,32080,650],{"class":58},[44,32082,351],{"class":278},[44,32084,7299],{"class":282},[44,32086,351],{"class":278},[44,32088,66],{"class":58},[44,32090,8684],{"class":62},[44,32092,66],{"class":58},[44,32094,360],{"class":278},[44,32096,30008],{"class":282},[44,32098,351],{"class":278},[44,32100,677],{"class":58},[20,32102,32103,32104,86],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32105,32106],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32108,32110],{"className":37,"code":32109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32111,32112,32148,32167,32171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32113,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32115,12575],{"class":50},[44,32117,55],{"class":54},[44,32119,59],{"class":58},[44,32121,279],{"class":278},[44,32123,7046],{"class":282},[44,32125,279],{"class":278},[44,32127,1084],{"class":58},[44,32129,290],{"class":278},[44,32131,7299],{"class":282},[44,32133,279],{"class":278},[44,32135,66],{"class":58},[44,32137,290],{"class":278},[44,32139,8677],{"class":282},[44,32141,279],{"class":278},[44,32143,1084],{"class":58},[44,32145,8684],{"class":62},[44,32147,77],{"class":58},[44,32149,32150,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32151,32152],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,32154,55],{"class":54},[44,32156,21927],{"class":909},[44,32158,93],{"class":58},[44,32160,16676],{"class":89},[44,32162,86],{"class":58},[44,32164,4734],{"class":89},[44,32166,6571],{"class":58},[44,32168,32169],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32170,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,32172,32173,32175,32177,32180],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,32174,106],{"class":105},[44,32176,93],{"class":58},[44,32178,32179],{"class":89},"values_list",[44,32181,99],{"class":58},[20,32183,118],{},[35,32185,32187],{"className":37,"code":32186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32188,32189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32190,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32192,3270],{"class":58},[44,32194,351],{"class":278},[44,32196,7299],{"class":282},[44,32198,351],{"class":278},[44,32200,66],{"class":58},[44,32202,8684],{"class":62},[44,32204,3005],{"class":58},[30,32206,258],{"id":257},[20,32208,32209],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,32211,32213],{"className":37,"code":32212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32214,32215,32269,32273,32287,32291,32301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32216,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32250,32252,32254,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32218,24162],{"class":50},[44,32220,55],{"class":54},[44,32222,59],{"class":58},[44,32224,279],{"class":278},[44,32226,24171],{"class":282},[44,32228,279],{"class":278},[44,32230,1084],{"class":58},[44,32232,290],{"class":278},[44,32234,24180],{"class":282},[44,32236,279],{"class":278},[44,32238,66],{"class":58},[44,32240,290],{"class":278},[44,32242,24189],{"class":282},[44,32244,279],{"class":278},[44,32246,1084],{"class":58},[44,32248,32249],{"class":62}," 2022",[44,32251,66],{"class":58},[44,32253,290],{"class":278},[44,32255,32256],{"class":282},"color",[44,32258,279],{"class":278},[44,32260,1084],{"class":58},[44,32262,290],{"class":278},[44,32264,293],{"class":282},[44,32266,279],{"class":278},[44,32268,77],{"class":58},[44,32270,32271],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32272,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,32274,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32276,1602],{"class":50},[44,32278,55],{"class":54},[44,32280,24211],{"class":50},[44,32282,86],{"class":58},[44,32284,4734],{"class":89},[44,32286,913],{"class":58},[44,32288,32289],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,32290,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,32292,32293,32295,32297,32299],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,32294,106],{"class":105},[44,32296,93],{"class":58},[44,32298,1637],{"class":89},[44,32300,99],{"class":58},[44,32302,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,32304,106],{"class":105},[44,32306,93],{"class":58},[44,32308,1097],{"class":909},[44,32310,93],{"class":58},[44,32312,1637],{"class":89},[44,32314,973],{"class":58},[20,32316,118],{},[35,32318,32320],{"className":37,"code":32319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32321,32322,32348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32323,32324,32326,32328,32330,32332,32334,32336,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32325,16406],{"class":89},[44,32327,650],{"class":58},[44,32329,351],{"class":278},[44,32331,24180],{"class":282},[44,32333,351],{"class":278},[44,32335,66],{"class":58},[44,32337,32249],{"class":62},[44,32339,66],{"class":58},[44,32341,360],{"class":278},[44,32343,293],{"class":282},[44,32345,351],{"class":278},[44,32347,677],{"class":58},[44,32349,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32351,3270],{"class":58},[44,32353,351],{"class":278},[44,32355,24180],{"class":282},[44,32357,351],{"class":278},[44,32359,66],{"class":58},[44,32361,32249],{"class":62},[44,32363,66],{"class":58},[44,32365,360],{"class":278},[44,32367,293],{"class":282},[44,32369,351],{"class":278},[44,32371,3005],{"class":58},[20,32373,11056],{},[165,32375,32376,32382,32388,32396],{},[168,32377,32378,32381],{},[15,32379,32380],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[168,32383,32384,32387],{},[15,32385,32386],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[168,32389,32390,32393,32394,23984],{},[15,32391,32392],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32395,16406],{},[168,32397,32398,32401],{},[15,32399,32400],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,32403,32405],{"id":32404},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32407,32408,32409,25431],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32410,5334],{},[35,32412,32414],{"className":37,"code":32413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32415,32416,32460,32464,32480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32417,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32419,4437],{"class":50},[44,32421,55],{"class":54},[44,32423,59],{"class":58},[44,32425,279],{"class":278},[44,32427,17783],{"class":282},[44,32429,279],{"class":278},[44,32431,1084],{"class":58},[44,32433,19264],{"class":62},[44,32435,66],{"class":58},[44,32437,290],{"class":278},[44,32439,30518],{"class":282},[44,32441,279],{"class":278},[44,32443,1084],{"class":58},[44,32445,12878],{"class":62},[44,32447,66],{"class":58},[44,32449,290],{"class":278},[44,32451,17792],{"class":282},[44,32453,279],{"class":278},[44,32455,1084],{"class":58},[44,32457,28288],{"class":62},[44,32459,77],{"class":58},[44,32461,32462],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32463,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,32465,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32467,5334],{"class":3246},[44,32469,20951],{"class":50},[44,32471,3253],{"class":3246},[44,32473,4484],{"class":50},[44,32475,86],{"class":58},[44,32477,4734],{"class":89},[44,32479,20962],{"class":58},[44,32481,32482,32484,32486,32488],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,32483,7447],{"class":105},[44,32485,93],{"class":58},[44,32487,1188],{"class":89},[44,32489,99],{"class":58},[20,32491,118],{},[35,32493,32495],{"className":37,"code":32494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32496,32497,32502,32507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32498,32499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32500,32501],{"class":62},"90\n",[44,32503,32504],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32505,32506],{"class":62},"85\n",[44,32508,32509],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32510,32511],{"class":62},"88\n",[20,32513,17076],{},[165,32515,32516,32519,32522],{},[168,32517,32518],{},"You only need the values",[168,32520,32521],{},"You do not care about the keys",[168,32523,32524],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32526,32527,32528,188,32532,86],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[184,32529,10113,32530,718],{"href":16444},[15,32531,16447],{},[184,32533,21842],{"href":32534},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,32536,32538],{"id":32537},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32540,148,32541,32543],{},[15,32542,32106],{}," when you need a list.",[35,32545,32547],{"className":37,"code":32546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32548,32549,32595,32599,32619,32623,32634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32550,32551,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32587,32589,32591,32593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32552,32553],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,32555,55],{"class":54},[44,32557,59],{"class":58},[44,32559,279],{"class":278},[44,32561,3450],{"class":282},[44,32563,279],{"class":278},[44,32565,1084],{"class":58},[44,32567,69],{"class":62},[44,32569,66],{"class":58},[44,32571,290],{"class":278},[44,32573,3459],{"class":282},[44,32575,279],{"class":278},[44,32577,1084],{"class":58},[44,32579,4874],{"class":62},[44,32581,66],{"class":58},[44,32583,290],{"class":278},[44,32585,32586],{"class":282},"orange",[44,32588,279],{"class":278},[44,32590,1084],{"class":58},[44,32592,74],{"class":62},[44,32594,77],{"class":58},[44,32596,32597],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32598,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,32600,32601,32604,32606,32608,32610,32613,32615,32617],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32602,32603],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,32605,55],{"class":54},[44,32607,21927],{"class":909},[44,32609,93],{"class":58},[44,32611,32612],{"class":89},"fruit_prices",[44,32614,86],{"class":58},[44,32616,4734],{"class":89},[44,32618,6571],{"class":58},[44,32620,32621],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,32622,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,32624,32625,32627,32629,32632],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,32626,106],{"class":105},[44,32628,93],{"class":58},[44,32630,32631],{"class":89},"price_list",[44,32633,99],{"class":58},[44,32635,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,32637,106],{"class":105},[44,32639,93],{"class":58},[44,32641,32631],{"class":89},[44,32643,3270],{"class":58},[44,32645,1491],{"class":62},[44,32647,677],{"class":58},[20,32649,118],{},[35,32651,32653],{"className":37,"code":32652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32654,32655,32671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32656,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32658,3270],{"class":58},[44,32660,472],{"class":62},[44,32662,66],{"class":58},[44,32664,4874],{"class":62},[44,32666,66],{"class":58},[44,32668,74],{"class":62},[44,32670,3005],{"class":58},[44,32672,32673],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32674,16425],{"class":62},[20,32676,32677],{},"This is helpful for:",[165,32679,32680,32683,32686],{},[168,32681,32682],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[168,32684,32685],{},"Accessing values by index",[168,32687,32688],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32690,3295,32691,32693],{},[15,32692,16406],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,32695,32697,525,32699,525,32701],{"id":32696},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32698,16440],{},[15,32700,16434],{},[15,32702,16447],{},[20,32704,32705],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[165,32707,32708,32713,32718],{},[168,32709,32710,32712],{},[15,32711,16440],{}," returns only the values",[168,32714,32715,32717],{},[15,32716,16434],{}," returns only the keys",[168,32719,32720,32722],{},[15,32721,16447],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32724,1497],{},[35,32726,32728],{"className":37,"code":32727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32729,32730,32766,32770,32784,32798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32731,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32733,12236],{"class":50},[44,32735,55],{"class":54},[44,32737,59],{"class":58},[44,32739,279],{"class":278},[44,32741,7046],{"class":282},[44,32743,279],{"class":278},[44,32745,1084],{"class":58},[44,32747,290],{"class":278},[44,32749,12253],{"class":282},[44,32751,279],{"class":278},[44,32753,66],{"class":58},[44,32755,290],{"class":278},[44,32757,8677],{"class":282},[44,32759,279],{"class":278},[44,32761,1084],{"class":58},[44,32763,7168],{"class":62},[44,32765,77],{"class":58},[44,32767,32768],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32769,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,32771,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32773,106],{"class":105},[44,32775,93],{"class":58},[44,32777,12997],{"class":89},[44,32779,86],{"class":58},[44,32781,16292],{"class":89},[44,32783,6571],{"class":58},[44,32785,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,32787,106],{"class":105},[44,32789,93],{"class":58},[44,32791,12997],{"class":89},[44,32793,86],{"class":58},[44,32795,4734],{"class":89},[44,32797,6571],{"class":58},[44,32799,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,32801,106],{"class":105},[44,32803,93],{"class":58},[44,32805,12997],{"class":89},[44,32807,86],{"class":58},[44,32809,922],{"class":89},[44,32811,6571],{"class":58},[20,32813,118],{},[35,32815,32817],{"className":37,"code":32816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32818,32819,32841,32859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32820,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32822,16383],{"class":89},[44,32824,650],{"class":58},[44,32826,351],{"class":278},[44,32828,7046],{"class":282},[44,32830,351],{"class":278},[44,32832,66],{"class":58},[44,32834,360],{"class":278},[44,32836,8677],{"class":282},[44,32838,351],{"class":278},[44,32840,677],{"class":58},[44,32842,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32844,16406],{"class":89},[44,32846,650],{"class":58},[44,32848,351],{"class":278},[44,32850,12253],{"class":282},[44,32852,351],{"class":278},[44,32854,66],{"class":58},[44,32856,7168],{"class":62},[44,32858,677],{"class":58},[44,32860,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871,32873,32875],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32862,21275],{"class":89},[44,32864,9035],{"class":58},[44,32866,351],{"class":278},[44,32868,7046],{"class":282},[44,32870,351],{"class":278},[44,32872,66],{"class":58},[44,32874,7168],{"class":62},[44,32876,10055],{"class":58},[20,32878,18061],{},[165,32880,32881,32888,32895],{},[168,32882,32883,32887],{},[184,32884,32885],{"href":16431},[15,32886,16434],{}," when you need just the keys",[168,32889,32890,32894],{},[184,32891,32892],{"href":16437},[15,32893,16440],{}," when you need just the values",[168,32896,32897,32901],{},[184,32898,32899],{"href":16444},[15,32900,16447],{}," when you need both",[30,32903,3892],{"id":3891},[20,32905,32906,32907,86],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,32908,16440],{},[693,32910,29018,32912,32914],{"id":32911},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,32913,16440],{}," on the wrong type",[20,32916,32917,32919],{},[15,32918,16440],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,32921,16012],{},[35,32923,32925],{"className":37,"code":32924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,32926,32927,32947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32928,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32930,7686],{"class":50},[44,32932,55],{"class":54},[44,32934,2992],{"class":58},[44,32936,63],{"class":62},[44,32938,66],{"class":58},[44,32940,69],{"class":62},[44,32942,66],{"class":58},[44,32944,74],{"class":62},[44,32946,3005],{"class":58},[44,32948,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,32950,106],{"class":105},[44,32952,93],{"class":58},[44,32954,7717],{"class":89},[44,32956,86],{"class":58},[44,32958,4734],{"class":89},[44,32960,6571],{"class":58},[20,32962,32963,32964,32966],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,32965,16440],{}," method.",[20,32968,32969],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,32971,32973],{"className":37,"code":32972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,32974,32975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32976,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32978,106],{"class":105},[44,32980,93],{"class":58},[44,32982,1090],{"class":909},[44,32984,93],{"class":58},[44,32986,7717],{"class":89},[44,32988,973],{"class":58},[20,32990,32991,32992,32994,32995,86],{},"If you get an ",[15,32993,25038],{},", see ",[184,32996,25046,32997,32999],{"href":25045},[15,32998,25049],{}," errors",[693,33001,3953,33003,33005],{"id":33002},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33004,16440],{}," returns a list",[20,33007,33008],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,33010,33012],{"className":37,"code":33011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33013,33014,33050,33064,33068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33015,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33017,12236],{"class":50},[44,33019,55],{"class":54},[44,33021,59],{"class":58},[44,33023,279],{"class":278},[44,33025,7046],{"class":282},[44,33027,279],{"class":278},[44,33029,1084],{"class":58},[44,33031,290],{"class":278},[44,33033,12253],{"class":282},[44,33035,279],{"class":278},[44,33037,66],{"class":58},[44,33039,290],{"class":278},[44,33041,8677],{"class":282},[44,33043,279],{"class":278},[44,33045,1084],{"class":58},[44,33047,7168],{"class":62},[44,33049,77],{"class":58},[44,33051,33052,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33053,3193],{"class":50},[44,33055,55],{"class":54},[44,33057,12279],{"class":50},[44,33059,86],{"class":58},[44,33061,4734],{"class":89},[44,33063,913],{"class":58},[44,33065,33066],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33067,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,33069,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,33071,106],{"class":105},[44,33073,93],{"class":58},[44,33075,1090],{"class":909},[44,33077,93],{"class":58},[44,33079,4734],{"class":89},[44,33081,973],{"class":58},[20,33083,118],{},[35,33085,33087],{"className":37,"code":33086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33088,33089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33090,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33092,2659],{"class":54},[44,33094,2662],{"class":1436},[44,33096,360],{"class":278},[44,33098,16406],{"class":282},[44,33100,351],{"class":278},[44,33102,2671],{"class":54},[20,33104,4522,33105,33107],{},[15,33106,16406],{},", not a list.",[20,33109,33110],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33112,33114],{"className":37,"code":33113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33115,33116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33117,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33119,3193],{"class":50},[44,33121,55],{"class":54},[44,33123,21927],{"class":909},[44,33125,93],{"class":58},[44,33127,12997],{"class":89},[44,33129,86],{"class":58},[44,33131,4734],{"class":89},[44,33133,6571],{"class":58},[693,33135,33137,33138],{"id":33136},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33139,16406],{},[20,33141,33142],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,33144,33146],{"className":37,"code":33145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33147,33148,33184,33198,33202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33149,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33151,12236],{"class":50},[44,33153,55],{"class":54},[44,33155,59],{"class":58},[44,33157,279],{"class":278},[44,33159,7046],{"class":282},[44,33161,279],{"class":278},[44,33163,1084],{"class":58},[44,33165,290],{"class":278},[44,33167,12253],{"class":282},[44,33169,279],{"class":278},[44,33171,66],{"class":58},[44,33173,290],{"class":278},[44,33175,8677],{"class":282},[44,33177,279],{"class":278},[44,33179,1084],{"class":58},[44,33181,7168],{"class":62},[44,33183,77],{"class":58},[44,33185,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33187,3193],{"class":50},[44,33189,55],{"class":54},[44,33191,12279],{"class":50},[44,33193,86],{"class":58},[44,33195,4734],{"class":89},[44,33197,913],{"class":58},[44,33199,33200],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33201,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,33203,33204],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,33205,33206],{"class":3034},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33208,33209],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,33211,33213],{"className":37,"code":33212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33214,33215,33251,33269,33273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33216,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33218,12236],{"class":50},[44,33220,55],{"class":54},[44,33222,59],{"class":58},[44,33224,279],{"class":278},[44,33226,7046],{"class":282},[44,33228,279],{"class":278},[44,33230,1084],{"class":58},[44,33232,290],{"class":278},[44,33234,12253],{"class":282},[44,33236,279],{"class":278},[44,33238,66],{"class":58},[44,33240,290],{"class":278},[44,33242,8677],{"class":282},[44,33244,279],{"class":278},[44,33246,1084],{"class":58},[44,33248,7168],{"class":62},[44,33250,77],{"class":58},[44,33252,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33254,3193],{"class":50},[44,33256,55],{"class":54},[44,33258,21927],{"class":909},[44,33260,93],{"class":58},[44,33262,12997],{"class":89},[44,33264,86],{"class":58},[44,33266,4734],{"class":89},[44,33268,6571],{"class":58},[44,33270,33271],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33272,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,33274,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,33276,106],{"class":105},[44,33278,93],{"class":58},[44,33280,4734],{"class":89},[44,33282,3270],{"class":58},[44,33284,1491],{"class":62},[44,33286,677],{"class":58},[693,33288,1123,33290,1264,33292],{"id":33289},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33291,4734],{},[15,33293,16440],{},[20,33295,33296],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,33298,33300],{"className":37,"code":33299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33301,33302,33338,33342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33303,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33305,12236],{"class":50},[44,33307,55],{"class":54},[44,33309,59],{"class":58},[44,33311,279],{"class":278},[44,33313,7046],{"class":282},[44,33315,279],{"class":278},[44,33317,1084],{"class":58},[44,33319,290],{"class":278},[44,33321,12253],{"class":282},[44,33323,279],{"class":278},[44,33325,66],{"class":58},[44,33327,290],{"class":278},[44,33329,8677],{"class":282},[44,33331,279],{"class":278},[44,33333,1084],{"class":58},[44,33335,7168],{"class":62},[44,33337,77],{"class":58},[44,33339,33340],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33341,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,33343,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33345,106],{"class":105},[44,33347,93],{"class":58},[44,33349,12997],{"class":89},[44,33351,86],{"class":58},[44,33353,4734],{"class":1219},[44,33355,99],{"class":58},[20,33357,33358,33361],{},[15,33359,33360],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33363,18061],{},[35,33365,33367],{"className":37,"code":33366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33368,33369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33370,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33372,106],{"class":105},[44,33374,93],{"class":58},[44,33376,12997],{"class":89},[44,33378,86],{"class":58},[44,33380,4734],{"class":89},[44,33382,6571],{"class":58},[693,33384,33386],{"id":33385},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33388,33389],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,33391,33393],{"className":37,"code":33392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33394,33395,33427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33396,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33398,8544],{"class":50},[44,33400,55],{"class":54},[44,33402,59],{"class":58},[44,33404,279],{"class":278},[44,33406,184],{"class":282},[44,33408,279],{"class":278},[44,33410,1084],{"class":58},[44,33412,4874],{"class":62},[44,33414,66],{"class":58},[44,33416,290],{"class":278},[44,33418,563],{"class":282},[44,33420,279],{"class":278},[44,33422,1084],{"class":58},[44,33424,69],{"class":62},[44,33426,77],{"class":58},[44,33428,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33430,106],{"class":105},[44,33432,93],{"class":58},[44,33434,8583],{"class":89},[44,33436,86],{"class":58},[44,33438,4734],{"class":89},[44,33440,6571],{"class":58},[20,33442,33443],{},"Not like this:",[35,33445,33447],{"className":37,"code":33446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33448,33449,33454,33459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33450,33451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33452,33453],{"class":3034},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,33455,33456],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33457,33458],{"class":3034},"# data().values()\n",[44,33460,33461],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33462,33463],{"class":3034},"# values(data)\n",[20,33465,2708],{},[35,33467,33469],{"className":37,"code":33468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33470,33471,33485,33495,33509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33472,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33474,106],{"class":105},[44,33476,93],{"class":58},[44,33478,1090],{"class":909},[44,33480,93],{"class":58},[44,33482,10825],{"class":89},[44,33484,973],{"class":58},[44,33486,33487,33489,33491,33493],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33488,106],{"class":105},[44,33490,93],{"class":58},[44,33492,10825],{"class":89},[44,33494,99],{"class":58},[44,33496,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33498,106],{"class":105},[44,33500,93],{"class":58},[44,33502,10825],{"class":89},[44,33504,86],{"class":58},[44,33506,4734],{"class":89},[44,33508,6571],{"class":58},[44,33510,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,33512,106],{"class":105},[44,33514,93],{"class":58},[44,33516,1097],{"class":909},[44,33518,93],{"class":58},[44,33520,10825],{"class":89},[44,33522,86],{"class":58},[44,33524,4734],{"class":89},[44,33526,5666],{"class":58},[30,33528,1235],{"id":1234},[693,33530,4516,33532,4519],{"id":33531},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33533,31685],{},[20,33535,16789,33536,33538],{},[15,33537,16406],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[693,33540,1239,33542,23298],{"id":33541},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33543,16440],{},[20,33545,23301,33546,23305],{},[15,33547,33548],{},"list(...)",[693,33550,25423,33552,1863],{"id":33551},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33553,31685],{},[20,33555,33556,33557,25431],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33558,5334],{},[693,33560,1239,33562,33564],{"id":33561},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33563,31685],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33566,33567],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[693,33569,33571,33572,33574,33575,1863],{"id":33570},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33573,16440],{}," different from ",[15,33576,16447],{},[20,33578,33579,33581,33582,33584],{},[15,33580,16440],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33583,16447],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,33586,1279],{"id":1278},[165,33588,33589,33595,33601,33605,33611,33615],{},[168,33590,33591],{},[184,33592,10113,33593,718],{"href":16431},[15,33594,16434],{},[168,33596,33597],{},[184,33598,10113,33599,718],{"href":16444},[15,33600,16447],{},[168,33602,33603],{},[184,33604,10618],{"href":8768},[168,33606,33607],{},[184,33608,33610],{"href":33609},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[168,33612,33613],{},[184,33614,23383],{"href":32534},[168,33616,33617],{},[184,33618,29713,33619],{"href":25045},[15,33620,33621],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1304,33623,33624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":33626},[33627,33628,33630,33631,33633,33634,33635,33636,33638,33649,33661],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":31855,"depth":80,"text":33629},"What values() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":31925,"depth":80,"text":33632},"What values() returns",{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":32404,"depth":80,"text":32405},{"id":32537,"depth":80,"text":32538},{"id":32696,"depth":80,"text":33637},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":33639},[33640,33642,33644,33646,33648],{"id":32911,"depth":102,"text":33641},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33002,"depth":102,"text":33643},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33136,"depth":102,"text":33645},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33289,"depth":102,"text":33647},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33385,"depth":102,"text":33386},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":33650},[33651,33653,33655,33657,33659],{"id":33531,"depth":102,"text":33652},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33541,"depth":102,"text":33654},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33551,"depth":102,"text":33656},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33561,"depth":102,"text":33658},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33570,"depth":102,"text":33660},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31672,"description":33662},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33668,"title":33669,"body":33670,"description":35101,"extension":1334,"meta":35102,"navigation":322,"path":35103,"seo":35104,"stem":35105,"__hash__":35106},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33671,"toc":35053},[33672,33678,33683,33686,33702,33711,33713,33745,33751,33754,33849,33852,33857,33862,33865,33876,33878,33892,33898,33900,33905,33911,33914,33953,33961,33966,33969,34014,34017,34029,34035,34041,34045,34078,34081,34099,34102,34106,34145,34147,34167,34170,34182,34187,34193,34196,34251,34254,34265,34268,34279,34282,34286,34292,34294,34324,34327,34342,34345,34348,34367,34370,34386,34395,34397,34428,34434,34439,34442,34449,34480,34483,34505,34508,34511,34525,34529,34560,34575,34582,34589,34593,34601,34605,34613,34616,34665,34676,34678,34681,34687,34692,34702,34706,34709,34712,34716,34719,34721,34742,34746,34752,34763,34769,34771,34777,34801,34804,34867,34870,34898,34901,34963,34965,34970,34973,34980,34988,34995,34998,35006,35012,35014,35041,35050],[10,33673,2945,33675,2949],{"id":33674},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33676,33677],{},"dir()",[20,33679,31682,33680,33682],{},[15,33681,33677],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33684,33685],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[165,33687,33688,33691,33694,33699],{},[168,33689,33690],{},"learning Python",[168,33692,33693],{},"exploring a new object",[168,33695,33696,33697],{},"debugging an ",[15,33698,25038],{},[168,33700,33701],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33703,33704,33705,33707,33708],{},"In short, ",[15,33706,33677],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[116,33709,33710],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,33712,33],{"id":32},[35,33714,33716],{"className":37,"code":33715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33717,33718,33730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33719,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33721,7254],{"class":50},[44,33723,55],{"class":54},[44,33725,290],{"class":278},[44,33727,948],{"class":282},[44,33729,2727],{"class":278},[44,33731,33732,33734,33736,33739,33741,33743],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33733,106],{"class":105},[44,33735,93],{"class":58},[44,33737,33738],{"class":105},"dir",[44,33740,93],{"class":58},[44,33742,7046],{"class":89},[44,33744,973],{"class":58},[20,33746,148,33747,33750],{},[15,33748,33749],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33752,33753],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,33755,33757],{"className":37,"code":33756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33758,33759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33760,33761,33763,33765,33768,33770,33772,33774,33777,33779,33781,33783,33786,33788,33790,33792,33795,33797,33799,33801,33804,33806,33808,33810,33813,33815,33817,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33836,33838,33840,33842,33845,33847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33762,3270],{"class":58},[44,33764,351],{"class":278},[44,33766,33767],{"class":282},"__add__",[44,33769,351],{"class":278},[44,33771,66],{"class":58},[44,33773,360],{"class":278},[44,33775,33776],{"class":282},"__class__",[44,33778,351],{"class":278},[44,33780,66],{"class":58},[44,33782,360],{"class":278},[44,33784,33785],{"class":282},"__contains__",[44,33787,351],{"class":278},[44,33789,66],{"class":58},[44,33791,360],{"class":278},[44,33793,33794],{"class":282},"__delattr__",[44,33796,351],{"class":278},[44,33798,66],{"class":58},[44,33800,360],{"class":278},[44,33802,33803],{"class":282},"__dir__",[44,33805,351],{"class":278},[44,33807,66],{"class":58},[44,33809,360],{"class":278},[44,33811,33812],{"class":282},"__doc__",[44,33814,351],{"class":278},[44,33816,66],{"class":58},[44,33818,33820],{"class":33819},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,33822,66],{"class":58},[44,33824,360],{"class":278},[44,33826,8018],{"class":282},[44,33828,351],{"class":278},[44,33830,66],{"class":58},[44,33832,360],{"class":278},[44,33834,33835],{"class":282},"split",[44,33837,351],{"class":278},[44,33839,66],{"class":58},[44,33841,360],{"class":278},[44,33843,33844],{"class":282},"upper",[44,33846,351],{"class":278},[44,33848,3005],{"class":58},[20,33850,33851],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,33853,155,33855,158],{"id":33854},"what-dir-does",[15,33856,33677],{},[20,33858,33859,33861],{},[15,33860,33677],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,33863,33864],{},"It usually includes:",[165,33866,33867,33870,33873],{},[168,33868,33869],{},"attributes",[168,33871,33872],{},"methods",[168,33874,33875],{},"special Python names",[20,33877,220],{},[165,33879,33880,33886,33889],{},[168,33881,33882,33883],{},"The result is a ",[116,33884,33885],{},"list of strings",[168,33887,33888],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[168,33890,33891],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,33893,33894,33895,33897],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,33896,33677],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,33899,196],{"id":195},[20,33901,33902,33904],{},[15,33903,33677],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[693,33906,33908,33910],{"id":33907},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,33909,33677],{}," with no argument",[20,33912,33913],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,33915,33917],{"className":37,"code":33916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,33918,33919,33927,33939,33943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33920,33921,33923,33925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33922,2393],{"class":50},[44,33924,55],{"class":54},[44,33926,1958],{"class":62},[44,33928,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33930,7254],{"class":50},[44,33932,55],{"class":54},[44,33934,290],{"class":278},[44,33936,7055],{"class":282},[44,33938,2727],{"class":278},[44,33940,33941],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33942,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,33944,33945,33947,33949,33951],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,33946,106],{"class":105},[44,33948,93],{"class":58},[44,33950,33738],{"class":105},[44,33952,6571],{"class":58},[20,33954,33955,33956,3766,33958,33960],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,33957,1545],{},[15,33959,7046],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[693,33962,33964],{"id":33963},"dirobject",[15,33965,33749],{},[20,33967,33968],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,33970,33972],{"className":37,"code":33971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,33973,33974,33992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33975,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33977,106],{"class":105},[44,33979,93],{"class":58},[44,33981,33738],{"class":105},[44,33983,93],{"class":58},[44,33985,279],{"class":278},[44,33987,948],{"class":282},[44,33989,279],{"class":278},[44,33991,973],{"class":58},[44,33993,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,33995,106],{"class":105},[44,33997,93],{"class":58},[44,33999,33738],{"class":105},[44,34001,650],{"class":58},[44,34003,63],{"class":62},[44,34005,66],{"class":58},[44,34007,69],{"class":62},[44,34009,66],{"class":58},[44,34011,74],{"class":62},[44,34013,2368],{"class":58},[20,34015,34016],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[165,34018,34019,34021,34023,34026],{},[168,34020,4684],{},[168,34022,4675],{},[168,34024,34025],{},"modules",[168,34027,34028],{},"custom objects",[30,34030,1123,34032,34034],{"id":34031},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34033,33677],{}," with a value",[20,34036,34037,34038,34040],{},"A common use of ",[15,34039,33677],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[693,34042,34044],{"id":34043},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34046,34048],{"className":37,"code":34047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34049,34050,34063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34051,34052,34055,34057,34059,34061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34053,34054],{"class":50},"text ",[44,34056,55],{"class":54},[44,34058,290],{"class":278},[44,34060,948],{"class":282},[44,34062,2727],{"class":278},[44,34064,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34076],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34066,106],{"class":105},[44,34068,93],{"class":58},[44,34070,33738],{"class":105},[44,34072,93],{"class":58},[44,34074,34075],{"class":89},"text",[44,34077,973],{"class":58},[20,34079,34080],{},"You will see method names like:",[165,34082,34083,34087,34091,34095],{},[168,34084,34085],{},[15,34086,8018],{},[168,34088,34089],{},[15,34090,33844],{},[168,34092,34093],{},[15,34094,33835],{},[168,34096,34097],{},[15,34098,8012],{},[20,34100,34101],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[693,34103,34105],{"id":34104},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34107,34109],{"className":37,"code":34108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34110,34111,34131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34112,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34114,51],{"class":50},[44,34116,55],{"class":54},[44,34118,2992],{"class":58},[44,34120,63],{"class":62},[44,34122,66],{"class":58},[44,34124,69],{"class":62},[44,34126,66],{"class":58},[44,34128,74],{"class":62},[44,34130,3005],{"class":58},[44,34132,34133,34135,34137,34139,34141,34143],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34134,106],{"class":105},[44,34136,93],{"class":58},[44,34138,33738],{"class":105},[44,34140,93],{"class":58},[44,34142,83],{"class":89},[44,34144,973],{"class":58},[20,34146,34080],{},[165,34148,34149,34153,34157,34162],{},[168,34150,34151],{},[15,34152,12924],{},[168,34154,34155],{},[15,34156,25608],{},[168,34158,34159],{},[15,34160,34161],{},"remove",[168,34163,34164],{},[15,34165,34166],{},"sort",[20,34168,34169],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34171,34172,34173,34178,34179,34181],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[184,34174,34176],{"href":34175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34177,1675],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34180,33677],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,34183,1123,34185,33910],{"id":34184},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34186,33677],{},[20,34188,34189,34190,34192],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34191,33677],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34194,34195],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,34197,34199],{"className":37,"code":34198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34200,34201,34210,34214,34225,34237,34241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34202,34203,34205,34207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34204,2393],{"class":50},[44,34206,55],{"class":54},[44,34208,34209],{"class":62}," 5\n",[44,34211,34212],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34213,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,34215,34216,34219,34223],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34217,34218],{"class":1436},"def",[44,34220,34222],{"class":34221},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,34224,20962],{"class":58},[44,34226,34227,34230,34232,34235],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,34228,34229],{"class":3246},"    return",[44,34231,290],{"class":278},[44,34233,34234],{"class":282},"Hello",[44,34236,2727],{"class":278},[44,34238,34239],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,34240,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,34242,34243,34245,34247,34249],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,34244,106],{"class":105},[44,34246,93],{"class":58},[44,34248,33738],{"class":105},[44,34250,6571],{"class":58},[20,34252,34253],{},"The output will include names like:",[165,34255,34256,34260],{},[168,34257,34258],{},[15,34259,1545],{},[168,34261,34262],{},[15,34263,34264],{},"greet",[20,34266,34267],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[165,34269,34270,34273,34276],{},[168,34271,34272],{},"what variables exist",[168,34274,34275],{},"what functions you have defined",[168,34277,34278],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34280,34281],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,34283,34285],{"id":34284},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34287,34288,34289,34291],{},"When you first use ",[15,34290,33677],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34293,894],{},[35,34295,34296],{"className":37,"code":34047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34297,34298,34310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34299,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34301,34054],{"class":50},[44,34303,55],{"class":54},[44,34305,290],{"class":278},[44,34307,948],{"class":282},[44,34309,2727],{"class":278},[44,34311,34312,34314,34316,34318,34320,34322],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34313,106],{"class":105},[44,34315,93],{"class":58},[44,34317,33738],{"class":105},[44,34319,93],{"class":58},[44,34321,34075],{"class":89},[44,34323,973],{"class":58},[20,34325,34326],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[165,34328,34329,34333,34337],{},[168,34330,34331],{},[15,34332,33776],{},[168,34334,34335],{},[15,34336,33812],{},[168,34338,34339],{},[15,34340,34341],{},"__len__",[20,34343,34344],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34346,34347],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[165,34349,34350,34354,34358,34362],{},[168,34351,34352],{},[15,34353,33844],{},[168,34355,34356],{},[15,34357,8018],{},[168,34359,34360],{},[15,34361,33835],{},[168,34363,34364],{},[15,34365,34366],{},"replace",[20,34368,34369],{},"A key point to remember:",[165,34371,34372,34380],{},[168,34373,34374,34376,34377],{},[15,34375,33677],{}," lists ",[116,34378,34379],{},"names only",[168,34381,34382,34383,34385],{},"it does ",[116,34384,736],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34387,34388,34389,86],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[184,34390,34392],{"href":34391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34393,34394],{},"help()",[20,34396,4848],{},[35,34398,34400],{"className":37,"code":34399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34401,34402,34414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34403,34404,34406,34408,34410,34412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34405,7254],{"class":50},[44,34407,55],{"class":54},[44,34409,290],{"class":278},[44,34411,948],{"class":282},[44,34413,2727],{"class":278},[44,34415,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34426],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34417,1209],{"class":105},[44,34419,93],{"class":58},[44,34421,7046],{"class":89},[44,34423,86],{"class":58},[44,34425,33844],{"class":1219},[44,34427,99],{"class":58},[30,34429,34431,34433],{"id":34430},"dir-on-modules",[15,34432,33677],{}," on modules",[20,34435,15082,34436,34438],{},[15,34437,33677],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34440,34441],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[693,34443,34445,34446,34448],{"id":34444},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34447,17783],{}," module",[35,34450,34452],{"className":37,"code":34451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34453,34454,34462,34466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34455,34456,34459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34457,34458],{"class":3246},"import",[44,34460,34461],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,34463,34464],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34465,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,34467,34468,34470,34472,34474,34476,34478],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34469,106],{"class":105},[44,34471,93],{"class":58},[44,34473,33738],{"class":105},[44,34475,93],{"class":58},[44,34477,17783],{"class":89},[44,34479,973],{"class":58},[20,34481,34482],{},"You may see names like:",[165,34484,34485,34490,34495,34500],{},[168,34486,34487],{},[15,34488,34489],{},"sqrt",[168,34491,34492],{},[15,34493,34494],{},"ceil",[168,34496,34497],{},[15,34498,34499],{},"floor",[168,34501,34502],{},[15,34503,34504],{},"pi",[20,34506,34507],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34509,34510],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[165,34512,34513,34519],{},[168,34514,34515],{},[184,34516,34518],{"href":34517},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[168,34520,34521],{},[184,34522,34524],{"href":34523},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[693,34526,34528],{"id":34527},"another-example","Another example",[35,34530,34532],{"className":37,"code":34531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34533,34534,34541,34545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34535,34536,34538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34537,34458],{"class":3246},[44,34539,34540],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,34542,34543],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34544,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,34546,34547,34549,34551,34553,34555,34558],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34548,106],{"class":105},[44,34550,93],{"class":58},[44,34552,33738],{"class":105},[44,34554,93],{"class":58},[44,34556,34557],{"class":89},"json",[44,34559,973],{"class":58},[20,34561,34562,34563,1561,34566,1561,34569,16441,34572,86],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34564,34565],{},"dump",[15,34567,34568],{},"dumps",[15,34570,34571],{},"load",[15,34573,34574],{},"loads",[30,34576,34578,525,34580],{"id":34577},"dir-vs-help",[15,34579,33677],{},[15,34581,34394],{},[20,34583,34584,3766,34586,34588],{},[15,34585,33677],{},[15,34587,34394],{}," are often used together.",[693,34590,34591],{"id":33738},[15,34592,33677],{},[165,34594,34595,34598],{},[168,34596,34597],{},"shows available names",[168,34599,34600],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[693,34602,34603],{"id":1209},[15,34604,34394],{},[165,34606,34607,34610],{},[168,34608,34609],{},"explains what an object or function does",[168,34611,34612],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34614,34615],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,34617,34619],{"className":37,"code":34618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34620,34621,34633,34637,34651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34622,34623,34625,34627,34629,34631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34624,7254],{"class":50},[44,34626,55],{"class":54},[44,34628,290],{"class":278},[44,34630,948],{"class":282},[44,34632,2727],{"class":278},[44,34634,34635],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34636,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,34638,34639,34641,34643,34645,34647,34649],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34640,106],{"class":105},[44,34642,93],{"class":58},[44,34644,33738],{"class":105},[44,34646,93],{"class":58},[44,34648,7046],{"class":89},[44,34650,973],{"class":58},[44,34652,34653,34655,34657,34659,34661,34663],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,34654,1209],{"class":105},[44,34656,93],{"class":58},[44,34658,7046],{"class":89},[44,34660,86],{"class":58},[44,34662,33844],{"class":1219},[44,34664,99],{"class":58},[20,34666,148,34667,34669,34670,34672,34673,34675],{},[15,34668,33677],{}," first to find a method name.",[9223,34671],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34674,34394],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,34677,24724],{"id":24723},[20,34679,34680],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[693,34682,34684,34686],{"id":34683},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34685,33677],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34688,34689,34691],{},[15,34690,33677],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34693,34694,34695,34697,34698,34701],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34696,33844],{}," in ",[15,34699,34700],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[693,34703,34705],{"id":34704},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34707,34708],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34710,34711],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[693,34713,34715],{"id":34714},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34717,34718],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34720,4848],{},[165,34722,34723,34728,34734],{},[168,34724,34725,34727],{},[15,34726,34700],{}," shows string-related names",[168,34729,34730,34733],{},[15,34731,34732],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[168,34735,34736,34739,34740,34448],{},[15,34737,34738],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34741,17783],{},[693,34743,34745],{"id":34744},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34747,34748,34749,34751],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34750,33677],{}," does not mean you already know:",[165,34753,34754,34757,34760],{},[168,34755,34756],{},"what it does",[168,34758,34759],{},"what arguments it needs",[168,34761,34762],{},"what it returns",[20,34764,34765,34766,34768],{},"That is why ",[15,34767,34394],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,34770,1113],{"id":1112},[20,34772,34773,34774,34776],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34775,33677],{}," in these situations:",[165,34778,34779,34782,34791,34794],{},[168,34780,34781],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[168,34783,34784,34785,34790],{},"Seeing an ",[184,34786,34788],{"href":34787},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34789,25038],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[168,34792,34793],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[168,34795,1123,34796,34798,34799],{},[15,34797,33677],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34800,34394],{},[20,34802,34803],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,34805,34807],{"className":37,"code":34806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34808,34809,34821,34825,34839,34853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34810,34811,34813,34815,34817,34819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34812,7254],{"class":50},[44,34814,55],{"class":54},[44,34816,290],{"class":278},[44,34818,948],{"class":282},[44,34820,2727],{"class":278},[44,34822,34823],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34824,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,34826,34827,34829,34831,34833,34835,34837],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34828,106],{"class":105},[44,34830,93],{"class":58},[44,34832,1090],{"class":909},[44,34834,93],{"class":58},[44,34836,7046],{"class":89},[44,34838,973],{"class":58},[44,34840,34841,34843,34845,34847,34849,34851],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,34842,106],{"class":105},[44,34844,93],{"class":58},[44,34846,33738],{"class":105},[44,34848,93],{"class":58},[44,34850,7046],{"class":89},[44,34852,973],{"class":58},[44,34854,34855,34857,34859,34861,34863,34865],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,34856,1209],{"class":105},[44,34858,93],{"class":58},[44,34860,7046],{"class":89},[44,34862,86],{"class":58},[44,34864,33844],{"class":1219},[44,34866,99],{"class":58},[20,34868,34869],{},"And for modules:",[35,34871,34872],{"className":37,"code":34451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34873,34874,34880,34884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34875,34876,34878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34877,34458],{"class":3246},[44,34879,34461],{"class":50},[44,34881,34882],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34883,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,34885,34886,34888,34890,34892,34894,34896],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34887,106],{"class":105},[44,34889,93],{"class":58},[44,34891,33738],{"class":105},[44,34893,93],{"class":58},[44,34895,17783],{"class":89},[44,34897,973],{"class":58},[20,34899,34900],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,34902,34904],{"className":37,"code":34903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,34905,34906,34911,34923,34933,34947,34953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34907,34908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34909,34910],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,34912,34913,34915,34917,34919,34921],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,34914,7254],{"class":50},[44,34916,55],{"class":54},[44,34918,290],{"class":278},[44,34920,948],{"class":282},[44,34922,2727],{"class":278},[44,34924,34925,34927,34929,34931],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34926,33738],{"class":105},[44,34928,93],{"class":58},[44,34930,7046],{"class":89},[44,34932,99],{"class":58},[44,34934,34935,34937,34939,34941,34943,34945],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,34936,1209],{"class":105},[44,34938,93],{"class":58},[44,34940,7046],{"class":89},[44,34942,86],{"class":58},[44,34944,33844],{"class":1219},[44,34946,99],{"class":58},[44,34948,34949,34951],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,34950,34458],{"class":3246},[44,34952,34461],{"class":50},[44,34954,34955,34957,34959,34961],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,34956,33738],{"class":105},[44,34958,93],{"class":58},[44,34960,17783],{"class":89},[44,34962,99],{"class":58},[30,34964,1235],{"id":1234},[693,34966,4516,34968,4519],{"id":34967},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,34969,33677],{},[20,34971,34972],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[693,34974,4554,34976,3766,34978,1863],{"id":34975},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,34977,33677],{},[15,34979,34394],{},[20,34981,34982,34984,34985,34987],{},[15,34983,33677],{}," lists available names. ",[15,34986,34394],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[693,34989,34991,34992,34994],{"id":34990},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,34993,33677],{}," output?",[20,34996,34997],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[693,34999,4544,35001,35003,35004,1863],{"id":35000},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35002,33677],{}," help fix ",[15,35005,25038],{},[20,35007,35008,35009,86],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[184,35010,35011],{"href":34787},"object has no attribute",[30,35013,1279],{"id":1278},[165,35015,35016,35022,35027,35031,35035],{},[168,35017,35018],{},[184,35019,2945,35020,2878],{"href":34391},[15,35021,34394],{},[168,35023,35024],{},[184,35025,35026],{"href":34787},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[168,35028,35029],{},[184,35030,34518],{"href":34517},[168,35032,35033],{},[184,35034,34524],{"href":34523},[168,35036,35037],{},[184,35038,2945,35039,2878],{"href":34175},[15,35040,1675],{},[20,35042,35043,35044,35046,35047,35049],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35045,33677],{}," together with ",[15,35048,34394],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1304,35051,35052],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":35054},[35055,35056,35058,35063,35068,35070,35071,35077,35082,35089,35090,35100],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":33854,"depth":80,"text":35057},"What dir() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":35059},[35060,35062],{"id":33907,"depth":102,"text":35061},"dir() with no argument",{"id":33963,"depth":102,"text":33749},{"id":34031,"depth":80,"text":35064,"children":35065},"Using dir() with a value",[35066,35067],{"id":34043,"depth":102,"text":34044},{"id":34104,"depth":102,"text":34105},{"id":34184,"depth":80,"text":35069},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34284,"depth":80,"text":34285},{"id":34430,"depth":80,"text":35072,"children":35073},"dir() on modules",[35074,35076],{"id":34444,"depth":102,"text":35075},"Example: math module",{"id":34527,"depth":102,"text":34528},{"id":34577,"depth":80,"text":35078,"children":35079},"dir() vs help()",[35080,35081],{"id":33738,"depth":102,"text":33677},{"id":1209,"depth":102,"text":34394},{"id":24723,"depth":80,"text":24724,"children":35083},[35084,35086,35087,35088],{"id":34683,"depth":102,"text":35085},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34704,"depth":102,"text":34705},{"id":34714,"depth":102,"text":34715},{"id":34744,"depth":102,"text":34745},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":35091},[35092,35094,35096,35098],{"id":34967,"depth":102,"text":35093},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":34975,"depth":102,"text":35095},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":34990,"depth":102,"text":35097},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35000,"depth":102,"text":35099},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33669,"description":35101},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35108,"title":35109,"body":35110,"description":36927,"extension":1334,"meta":36928,"navigation":322,"path":36929,"seo":36930,"stem":36931,"__hash__":36932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35111,"toc":36896},[35112,35118,35123,35126,35134,35140,35142,35222,35224,35250,35255,35260,35265,35268,35279,35282,35284,35363,35365,35391,35398,35400,35402,35427,35430,35443,35448,35450,35529,35531,35557,35566,35571,35579,35585,35592,35595,35597,35676,35679,35736,35738,35775,35781,35786,35791,35794,35808,35810,35913,35915,35958,35967,35977,35984,35990,35997,36080,36082,36105,36108,36111,36113,36117,36121,36124,36187,36210,36213,36217,36223,36225,36292,36295,36372,36377,36383,36386,36389,36435,36437,36461,36466,36470,36475,36481,36544,36547,36549,36552,36576,36579,36714,36716,36817,36819,36824,36827,36833,36843,36851,36856,36862,36868,36870,36893],[10,35113,2945,35115,2949],{"id":35114},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35116,35117],{},"enumerate()",[20,35119,35120,35122],{},[15,35121,35117],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35124,35125],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[165,35127,35128,35131],{},[168,35129,35130],{},"the item itself",[168,35132,35133],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35135,35136,35137,35139],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35138,35117],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,35141,33],{"id":32},[35,35143,35145],{"className":37,"code":35144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35146,35147,35179,35183,35206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35148,35149,35151,35153,35155,35157,35159,35161,35163,35165,35167,35169,35171,35173,35175,35177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35150,271],{"class":50},[44,35152,55],{"class":54},[44,35154,2992],{"class":58},[44,35156,279],{"class":278},[44,35158,283],{"class":282},[44,35160,279],{"class":278},[44,35162,66],{"class":58},[44,35164,290],{"class":278},[44,35166,313],{"class":282},[44,35168,279],{"class":278},[44,35170,66],{"class":58},[44,35172,290],{"class":278},[44,35174,293],{"class":282},[44,35176,279],{"class":278},[44,35178,3005],{"class":58},[44,35180,35181],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35182,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,35184,35185,35187,35190,35192,35195,35197,35200,35202,35204],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35186,5334],{"class":3246},[44,35188,35189],{"class":50}," index",[44,35191,66],{"class":58},[44,35193,35194],{"class":50}," color ",[44,35196,3253],{"class":3246},[44,35198,35199],{"class":105}," enumerate",[44,35201,93],{"class":58},[44,35203,302],{"class":89},[44,35205,7720],{"class":58},[44,35207,35208,35210,35212,35215,35217,35220],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,35209,7447],{"class":105},[44,35211,93],{"class":58},[44,35213,35214],{"class":89},"index",[44,35216,66],{"class":58},[44,35218,35219],{"class":89}," color",[44,35221,99],{"class":58},[20,35223,118],{},[35,35225,35227],{"className":37,"code":35226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35228,35229,35236,35243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35230,35231,35233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35232,1491],{"class":62},[44,35234,35235],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,35237,35238,35240],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35239,63],{"class":62},[44,35241,35242],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,35244,35245,35247],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35246,472],{"class":62},[44,35248,35249],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,35251,148,35252,35254],{},[15,35253,35117],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,35256,155,35258,158],{"id":35257},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35259,35117],{},[20,35261,35262,35264],{},[15,35263,35117],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35266,35267],{},"It is commonly used with:",[165,35269,35270,35272,35274,35276],{},[168,35271,4675],{},[168,35273,4678],{},[168,35275,4684],{},[168,35277,35278],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35280,35281],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35283,894],{},[35,35285,35287],{"className":37,"code":35286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35288,35289,35323,35327,35348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35290,35291,35293,35295,35297,35299,35301,35303,35305,35307,35310,35312,35314,35316,35319,35321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35292,4368],{"class":50},[44,35294,55],{"class":54},[44,35296,2992],{"class":58},[44,35298,279],{"class":278},[44,35300,12253],{"class":282},[44,35302,279],{"class":278},[44,35304,66],{"class":58},[44,35306,290],{"class":278},[44,35308,35309],{"class":282},"Ben",[44,35311,279],{"class":278},[44,35313,66],{"class":58},[44,35315,290],{"class":278},[44,35317,35318],{"class":282},"Cara",[44,35320,279],{"class":278},[44,35322,3005],{"class":58},[44,35324,35325],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35326,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,35328,35329,35331,35333,35335,35338,35340,35342,35344,35346],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35330,5334],{"class":3246},[44,35332,35189],{"class":50},[44,35334,66],{"class":58},[44,35336,35337],{"class":50}," name ",[44,35339,3253],{"class":3246},[44,35341,35199],{"class":105},[44,35343,93],{"class":58},[44,35345,4412],{"class":89},[44,35347,7720],{"class":58},[44,35349,35350,35352,35354,35356,35358,35361],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,35351,7447],{"class":105},[44,35353,93],{"class":58},[44,35355,35214],{"class":89},[44,35357,66],{"class":58},[44,35359,35360],{"class":89}," name",[44,35362,99],{"class":58},[20,35364,118],{},[35,35366,35368],{"className":37,"code":35367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35369,35370,35377,35384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35371,35372,35374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35373,1491],{"class":62},[44,35375,35376],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,35378,35379,35381],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35380,63],{"class":62},[44,35382,35383],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,35385,35386,35388],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35387,472],{"class":62},[44,35389,35390],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,35392,35393,35394,86],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[184,35395,35397],{"href":35396},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,35399,196],{"id":195},[20,35401,1531],{},[35,35403,35405],{"className":37,"code":35404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35406,35407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35408,35409,35412,35414,35416,35418,35421,35423,35425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35410,35411],{"class":105},"enumerate",[44,35413,93],{"class":58},[44,35415,3091],{"class":89},[44,35417,66],{"class":58},[44,35419,35420],{"class":8554}," start",[44,35422,55],{"class":54},[44,35424,1491],{"class":62},[44,35426,99],{"class":58},[20,35428,35429],{},"It has two parts:",[165,35431,35432,35437],{},[168,35433,35434,35436],{},[15,35435,3091],{},": the object you want to loop through",[168,35438,35439,35442],{},[15,35440,35441],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35444,35445,35446,86],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35447,1491],{},[20,35449,894],{},[35,35451,35453],{"className":37,"code":35452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35454,35455,35487,35491,35513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35456,35457,35459,35461,35463,35465,35467,35469,35471,35473,35475,35477,35479,35481,35483,35485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35458,546],{"class":50},[44,35460,55],{"class":54},[44,35462,2992],{"class":58},[44,35464,279],{"class":278},[44,35466,184],{"class":282},[44,35468,279],{"class":278},[44,35470,66],{"class":58},[44,35472,290],{"class":278},[44,35474,563],{"class":282},[44,35476,279],{"class":278},[44,35478,66],{"class":58},[44,35480,290],{"class":278},[44,35482,583],{"class":282},[44,35484,279],{"class":278},[44,35486,3005],{"class":58},[44,35488,35489],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35490,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,35492,35493,35495,35498,35500,35503,35505,35507,35509,35511],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35494,5334],{"class":3246},[44,35496,35497],{"class":50}," i",[44,35499,66],{"class":58},[44,35501,35502],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,35504,3253],{"class":3246},[44,35506,35199],{"class":105},[44,35508,93],{"class":58},[44,35510,572],{"class":89},[44,35512,7720],{"class":58},[44,35514,35515,35517,35519,35522,35524,35527],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,35516,7447],{"class":105},[44,35518,93],{"class":58},[44,35520,35521],{"class":89},"i",[44,35523,66],{"class":58},[44,35525,35526],{"class":89}," letter",[44,35528,99],{"class":58},[20,35530,118],{},[35,35532,35534],{"className":37,"code":35533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35535,35536,35543,35550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35537,35538,35540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35539,1491],{"class":62},[44,35541,35542],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,35544,35545,35547],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35546,63],{"class":62},[44,35548,35549],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,35551,35552,35554],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35553,472],{"class":62},[44,35555,35556],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,35558,35559,35560,86],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[184,35561,2945,35563,2878],{"href":35562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35564,35565],{},"range()",[30,35567,155,35569,11078],{"id":35568},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35570,35117],{},[20,35572,35573,35575,35576,86],{},[15,35574,35117],{}," returns an ",[116,35577,35578],{},"enumerate object",[20,35580,35581,35582,35584],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35583,5334],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[165,35586,35587],{},[168,35588,35589],{},[15,35590,35591],{},"(index, item)",[20,35593,35594],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35596,894],{},[35,35598,35600],{"className":37,"code":35599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35601,35602,35635,35639,35661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35603,35604,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615,35617,35619,35621,35623,35625,35627,35629,35631,35633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35605,35606],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,35608,55],{"class":54},[44,35610,2992],{"class":58},[44,35612,279],{"class":278},[44,35614,3450],{"class":282},[44,35616,279],{"class":278},[44,35618,66],{"class":58},[44,35620,290],{"class":278},[44,35622,3459],{"class":282},[44,35624,279],{"class":278},[44,35626,66],{"class":58},[44,35628,290],{"class":278},[44,35630,32586],{"class":282},[44,35632,279],{"class":278},[44,35634,3005],{"class":58},[44,35636,35637],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35638,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,35640,35641,35643,35645,35647,35650,35652,35654,35656,35659],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35642,5334],{"class":3246},[44,35644,35189],{"class":50},[44,35646,66],{"class":58},[44,35648,35649],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,35651,3253],{"class":3246},[44,35653,35199],{"class":105},[44,35655,93],{"class":58},[44,35657,35658],{"class":89},"fruits",[44,35660,7720],{"class":58},[44,35662,35663,35665,35667,35669,35671,35674],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,35664,7447],{"class":105},[44,35666,93],{"class":58},[44,35668,35214],{"class":89},[44,35670,66],{"class":58},[44,35672,35673],{"class":89}," fruit",[44,35675,99],{"class":58},[20,35677,35678],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,35680,35682],{"className":37,"code":35681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35683,35684,35704,35708,35726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35685,35686,35688,35690,35692,35694,35696,35698,35700,35702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35687,51],{"class":50},[44,35689,55],{"class":54},[44,35691,2992],{"class":58},[44,35693,931],{"class":62},[44,35695,66],{"class":58},[44,35697,7168],{"class":62},[44,35699,66],{"class":58},[44,35701,7173],{"class":62},[44,35703,3005],{"class":58},[44,35705,35706],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35707,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,35709,35710,35712,35714,35716,35718,35720,35722,35724],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35711,1602],{"class":50},[44,35713,55],{"class":54},[44,35715,21927],{"class":909},[44,35717,93],{"class":58},[44,35719,35411],{"class":105},[44,35721,93],{"class":58},[44,35723,83],{"class":89},[44,35725,973],{"class":58},[44,35727,35728,35730,35732,35734],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,35729,106],{"class":105},[44,35731,93],{"class":58},[44,35733,1637],{"class":89},[44,35735,99],{"class":58},[20,35737,118],{},[35,35739,35741],{"className":37,"code":35740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35742,35743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35744,35745,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759,35761,35763,35765,35767,35769,35771,35773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35746,21107],{"class":58},[44,35748,1491],{"class":62},[44,35750,66],{"class":58},[44,35752,5381],{"class":62},[44,35754,8612],{"class":58},[44,35756,8615],{"class":58},[44,35758,63],{"class":62},[44,35760,66],{"class":58},[44,35762,7168],{"class":62},[44,35764,8612],{"class":58},[44,35766,8615],{"class":58},[44,35768,472],{"class":62},[44,35770,66],{"class":58},[44,35772,7173],{"class":62},[44,35774,8628],{"class":58},[20,35776,35777,35778,35780],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35779,35117],{}," produces.",[30,35782,4334,35784],{"id":35783},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35785,35117],{},[20,35787,148,35788,35790],{},[15,35789,35117],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35792,35793],{},"Common cases:",[165,35795,35796,35799,35802,35805],{},[168,35797,35798],{},"printing numbered output",[168,35800,35801],{},"building menus",[168,35803,35804],{},"showing positions in a list",[168,35806,35807],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35809,894],{},[35,35811,35813],{"className":37,"code":35812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35814,35815,35850,35854,35884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35816,35817,35819,35821,35823,35825,35828,35830,35832,35834,35837,35839,35841,35843,35846,35848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35818,29264],{"class":50},[44,35820,55],{"class":54},[44,35822,2992],{"class":58},[44,35824,279],{"class":278},[44,35826,35827],{"class":282},"Wash dishes",[44,35829,279],{"class":278},[44,35831,66],{"class":58},[44,35833,290],{"class":278},[44,35835,35836],{"class":282},"Study Python",[44,35838,279],{"class":278},[44,35840,66],{"class":58},[44,35842,290],{"class":278},[44,35844,35845],{"class":282},"Go for a walk",[44,35847,279],{"class":278},[44,35849,3005],{"class":58},[44,35851,35852],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35853,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,35855,35856,35858,35860,35862,35865,35867,35869,35871,35874,35876,35878,35880,35882],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35857,5334],{"class":3246},[44,35859,1569],{"class":50},[44,35861,66],{"class":58},[44,35863,35864],{"class":50}," task ",[44,35866,3253],{"class":3246},[44,35868,35199],{"class":105},[44,35870,93],{"class":58},[44,35872,35873],{"class":89},"tasks",[44,35875,66],{"class":58},[44,35877,35420],{"class":8554},[44,35879,55],{"class":54},[44,35881,63],{"class":62},[44,35883,7720],{"class":58},[44,35885,35886,35888,35890,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900,35902,35904,35907,35909,35911],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,35887,7447],{"class":105},[44,35889,93],{"class":58},[44,35891,21661],{"class":1436},[44,35893,279],{"class":282},[44,35895,128],{"class":62},[44,35897,1612],{"class":89},[44,35899,21670],{"class":62},[44,35901,27681],{"class":282},[44,35903,128],{"class":62},[44,35905,35906],{"class":89},"task",[44,35908,21670],{"class":62},[44,35910,279],{"class":282},[44,35912,99],{"class":58},[20,35914,118],{},[35,35916,35918],{"className":37,"code":35917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,35919,35920,35932,35944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35921,35922,35924,35926,35929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35923,63],{"class":62},[44,35925,86],{"class":58},[44,35927,35928],{"class":1219}," Wash",[44,35930,35931],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,35933,35934,35936,35938,35941],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,35935,472],{"class":62},[44,35937,86],{"class":58},[44,35939,35940],{"class":1219}," Study",[44,35942,35943],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,35945,35946,35948,35950,35953,35955],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35947,1433],{"class":62},[44,35949,86],{"class":58},[44,35951,35952],{"class":1219}," Go",[44,35954,3247],{"class":3246},[44,35956,35957],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,35959,35960,35961,35963,35964,86],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,35962,35117],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,35965,35966],{},"range(len(...))",[20,35968,35969,35970,86],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[184,35971,35973,35974,35976],{"href":35972},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,35975,35117],{}," in Python",[30,35978,35980,35981,35983],{"id":35979},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,35982,35441],{}," argument",[20,35985,35986,35987,35989],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,35988,35441],{}," argument.",[20,35991,35992,35993,1264,35995,1084],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,35994,63],{},[15,35996,1491],{},[35,35998,36000],{"className":37,"code":35999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36001,36002,36034,36038,36066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36003,36004,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36005,271],{"class":50},[44,36007,55],{"class":54},[44,36009,2992],{"class":58},[44,36011,279],{"class":278},[44,36013,283],{"class":282},[44,36015,279],{"class":278},[44,36017,66],{"class":58},[44,36019,290],{"class":278},[44,36021,313],{"class":282},[44,36023,279],{"class":278},[44,36025,66],{"class":58},[44,36027,290],{"class":278},[44,36029,293],{"class":282},[44,36031,279],{"class":278},[44,36033,3005],{"class":58},[44,36035,36036],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36037,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,36039,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050,36052,36054,36056,36058,36060,36062,36064],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36041,5334],{"class":3246},[44,36043,35189],{"class":50},[44,36045,66],{"class":58},[44,36047,35194],{"class":50},[44,36049,3253],{"class":3246},[44,36051,35199],{"class":105},[44,36053,93],{"class":58},[44,36055,302],{"class":89},[44,36057,66],{"class":58},[44,36059,35420],{"class":8554},[44,36061,55],{"class":54},[44,36063,63],{"class":62},[44,36065,7720],{"class":58},[44,36067,36068,36070,36072,36074,36076,36078],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,36069,7447],{"class":105},[44,36071,93],{"class":58},[44,36073,35214],{"class":89},[44,36075,66],{"class":58},[44,36077,35219],{"class":89},[44,36079,99],{"class":58},[20,36081,118],{},[35,36083,36085],{"className":37,"code":36084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36086,36087,36093,36099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36088,36089,36091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36090,63],{"class":62},[44,36092,35235],{"class":50},[44,36094,36095,36097],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36096,472],{"class":62},[44,36098,35242],{"class":50},[44,36100,36101,36103],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36102,1433],{"class":62},[44,36104,35249],{"class":50},[20,36106,36107],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36109,36110],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,36112,24724],{"id":24723},[20,36114,24727,36115,86],{},[15,36116,35117],{},[693,36118,36120],{"id":36119},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36122,36123],{},"In this loop:",[35,36125,36127],{"className":37,"code":36126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36128,36129,36149,36153,36173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36130,36131,36133,36135,36137,36139,36141,36143,36145,36147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36132,51],{"class":50},[44,36134,55],{"class":54},[44,36136,2992],{"class":58},[44,36138,931],{"class":62},[44,36140,66],{"class":58},[44,36142,7168],{"class":62},[44,36144,66],{"class":58},[44,36146,7173],{"class":62},[44,36148,3005],{"class":58},[44,36150,36151],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36152,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,36154,36155,36157,36159,36161,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36156,5334],{"class":3246},[44,36158,35189],{"class":50},[44,36160,66],{"class":58},[44,36162,20951],{"class":50},[44,36164,3253],{"class":3246},[44,36166,35199],{"class":105},[44,36168,93],{"class":58},[44,36170,83],{"class":89},[44,36172,7720],{"class":58},[44,36174,36175,36177,36179,36181,36183,36185],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,36176,7447],{"class":105},[44,36178,93],{"class":58},[44,36180,35214],{"class":89},[44,36182,66],{"class":58},[44,36184,7811],{"class":89},[44,36186,99],{"class":58},[165,36188,36189,36199],{},[168,36190,36191,4156,36193,1561,36195,1561,36197],{},[15,36192,35214],{},[15,36194,1491],{},[15,36196,63],{},[15,36198,472],{},[168,36200,36201,4156,36203,1561,36205,1561,36207],{},[15,36202,1188],{},[15,36204,931],{},[15,36206,15122],{},[15,36208,36209],{},"30",[20,36211,36212],{},"These are different things.",[693,36214,36216],{"id":36215},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36218,36219,36220,36222],{},"Each item from ",[15,36221,35117],{}," is a pair.",[20,36224,6064],{},[35,36226,36228],{"className":37,"code":36227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36229,36230,36254,36258,36278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36231,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36233,904],{"class":50},[44,36235,55],{"class":54},[44,36237,2992],{"class":58},[44,36239,279],{"class":278},[44,36241,1545],{"class":282},[44,36243,279],{"class":278},[44,36245,66],{"class":58},[44,36247,290],{"class":278},[44,36249,11118],{"class":282},[44,36251,279],{"class":278},[44,36253,3005],{"class":58},[44,36255,36256],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36257,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,36259,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36261,5334],{"class":3246},[44,36263,35497],{"class":50},[44,36265,66],{"class":58},[44,36267,5337],{"class":50},[44,36269,3253],{"class":3246},[44,36271,35199],{"class":105},[44,36273,93],{"class":58},[44,36275,922],{"class":89},[44,36277,7720],{"class":58},[44,36279,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,36281,7447],{"class":105},[44,36283,93],{"class":58},[44,36285,35521],{"class":89},[44,36287,66],{"class":58},[44,36289,28875],{"class":89},[44,36291,99],{"class":58},[20,36293,36294],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,36296,36298],{"className":37,"code":36297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36299,36300,36324,36328,36353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36301,36302,36304,36306,36308,36310,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36303,904],{"class":50},[44,36305,55],{"class":54},[44,36307,2992],{"class":58},[44,36309,279],{"class":278},[44,36311,1545],{"class":282},[44,36313,279],{"class":278},[44,36315,66],{"class":58},[44,36317,290],{"class":278},[44,36319,11118],{"class":282},[44,36321,279],{"class":278},[44,36323,3005],{"class":58},[44,36325,36326],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36327,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,36329,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338,36340,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36331,5334],{"class":3246},[44,36333,35497],{"class":50},[44,36335,66],{"class":58},[44,36337,28875],{"class":50},[44,36339,66],{"class":58},[44,36341,36342],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,36344,3253],{"class":3246},[44,36346,35199],{"class":105},[44,36348,93],{"class":58},[44,36350,922],{"class":89},[44,36352,7720],{"class":58},[44,36354,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367,36370],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,36356,7447],{"class":105},[44,36358,93],{"class":58},[44,36360,35521],{"class":89},[44,36362,66],{"class":58},[44,36364,28875],{"class":89},[44,36366,66],{"class":58},[44,36368,36369],{"class":89}," extra",[44,36371,99],{"class":58},[20,36373,28429,36374,36376],{},[15,36375,35117],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[693,36378,36380,36382],{"id":36379},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36381,35117],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36384,36385],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36387,36388],{},"Example with a string:",[35,36390,36392],{"className":37,"code":36391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36393,36394,36420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36395,36396,36398,36400,36402,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36416,36418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36397,5334],{"class":3246},[44,36399,35189],{"class":50},[44,36401,66],{"class":58},[44,36403,36404],{"class":50}," char ",[44,36406,3253],{"class":3246},[44,36408,35199],{"class":105},[44,36410,93],{"class":58},[44,36412,279],{"class":278},[44,36414,36415],{"class":282},"cat",[44,36417,279],{"class":278},[44,36419,7720],{"class":58},[44,36421,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430,36433],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36423,7447],{"class":105},[44,36425,93],{"class":58},[44,36427,35214],{"class":89},[44,36429,66],{"class":58},[44,36431,36432],{"class":89}," char",[44,36434,99],{"class":58},[20,36436,118],{},[35,36438,36440],{"className":37,"code":36439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36441,36442,36448,36454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36443,36444,36446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36445,1491],{"class":62},[44,36447,35556],{"class":50},[44,36449,36450,36452],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36451,63],{"class":62},[44,36453,35542],{"class":50},[44,36455,36456,36458],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36457,472],{"class":62},[44,36459,36460],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,36462,36463,36464,86],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[184,36465,4510],{"href":4962},[693,36467,36469],{"id":36468},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36471,36472,36473,86],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36474,35117],{},[20,36476,36477,36478,36480],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36479,5334],{}," loop:",[35,36482,36484],{"className":37,"code":36483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36485,36486,36518,36522,36534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36487,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36489,271],{"class":50},[44,36491,55],{"class":54},[44,36493,2992],{"class":58},[44,36495,279],{"class":278},[44,36497,283],{"class":282},[44,36499,279],{"class":278},[44,36501,66],{"class":58},[44,36503,290],{"class":278},[44,36505,313],{"class":282},[44,36507,279],{"class":278},[44,36509,66],{"class":58},[44,36511,290],{"class":278},[44,36513,293],{"class":282},[44,36515,279],{"class":278},[44,36517,3005],{"class":58},[44,36519,36520],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36521,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,36523,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36525,5334],{"class":3246},[44,36527,35194],{"class":50},[44,36529,3253],{"class":3246},[44,36531,12494],{"class":50},[44,36533,5770],{"class":58},[44,36535,36536,36538,36540,36542],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,36537,7447],{"class":105},[44,36539,93],{"class":58},[44,36541,32256],{"class":89},[44,36543,99],{"class":58},[20,36545,36546],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,36548,1113],{"id":1112},[20,36550,36551],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[165,36553,36554,36559,36565,36570],{},[168,36555,22468,36556,36558],{},[15,36557,35117],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[168,36560,36561,36562,36564],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36563,1491],{}," by default",[168,36566,1123,36567,36569],{},[15,36568,35117],{}," when only values are needed",[168,36571,1138,36572,8082,36574],{},[15,36573,35117],{},[15,36575,35565],{},[20,36577,36578],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,36580,36582],{"className":37,"code":36581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36583,36584,36606,36633,36667,36700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36585,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598,36600,36602,36604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36587,106],{"class":105},[44,36589,93],{"class":58},[44,36591,35411],{"class":105},[44,36593,650],{"class":58},[44,36595,931],{"class":62},[44,36597,66],{"class":58},[44,36599,7168],{"class":62},[44,36601,66],{"class":58},[44,36603,7173],{"class":62},[44,36605,2368],{"class":58},[44,36607,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36609,106],{"class":105},[44,36611,93],{"class":58},[44,36613,1097],{"class":909},[44,36615,93],{"class":58},[44,36617,35411],{"class":105},[44,36619,650],{"class":58},[44,36621,931],{"class":62},[44,36623,66],{"class":58},[44,36625,7168],{"class":62},[44,36627,66],{"class":58},[44,36629,7173],{"class":62},[44,36631,36632],{"class":58},"])))\n",[44,36634,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36636,106],{"class":105},[44,36638,93],{"class":58},[44,36640,1097],{"class":909},[44,36642,93],{"class":58},[44,36644,35411],{"class":105},[44,36646,650],{"class":58},[44,36648,931],{"class":62},[44,36650,66],{"class":58},[44,36652,7168],{"class":62},[44,36654,66],{"class":58},[44,36656,7173],{"class":62},[44,36658,17428],{"class":58},[44,36660,35420],{"class":8554},[44,36662,55],{"class":54},[44,36664,63],{"class":62},[44,36666,2282],{"class":58},[44,36668,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,36670,5334],{"class":3246},[44,36672,35497],{"class":50},[44,36674,66],{"class":58},[44,36676,20951],{"class":50},[44,36678,3253],{"class":3246},[44,36680,35199],{"class":105},[44,36682,650],{"class":58},[44,36684,351],{"class":278},[44,36686,184],{"class":282},[44,36688,351],{"class":278},[44,36690,66],{"class":58},[44,36692,360],{"class":278},[44,36694,563],{"class":282},[44,36696,351],{"class":278},[44,36698,36699],{"class":58},"]):\n",[44,36701,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,36703,7447],{"class":105},[44,36705,93],{"class":58},[44,36707,35521],{"class":89},[44,36709,66],{"class":58},[44,36711,7811],{"class":89},[44,36713,99],{"class":58},[20,36715,16327],{},[35,36717,36719],{"className":37,"code":36718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36720,36721,36741,36773,36805,36811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36722,36723,36725,36727,36729,36732,36736,36739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36724,2659],{"class":54},[44,36726,35411],{"class":105},[44,36728,23984],{"class":909},[44,36730,36731],{"class":50}," at ",[44,36733,36735],{"class":36734},"srjyR","0x",[44,36737,36738],{"class":33819},"...",[44,36740,2671],{"class":54},[44,36742,36743,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,36744,21107],{"class":58},[44,36746,1491],{"class":62},[44,36748,66],{"class":58},[44,36750,5381],{"class":62},[44,36752,8612],{"class":58},[44,36754,8615],{"class":58},[44,36756,63],{"class":62},[44,36758,66],{"class":58},[44,36760,7168],{"class":62},[44,36762,8612],{"class":58},[44,36764,8615],{"class":58},[44,36766,472],{"class":62},[44,36768,66],{"class":58},[44,36770,7173],{"class":62},[44,36772,8628],{"class":58},[44,36774,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36776,21107],{"class":58},[44,36778,63],{"class":62},[44,36780,66],{"class":58},[44,36782,5381],{"class":62},[44,36784,8612],{"class":58},[44,36786,8615],{"class":58},[44,36788,472],{"class":62},[44,36790,66],{"class":58},[44,36792,7168],{"class":62},[44,36794,8612],{"class":58},[44,36796,8615],{"class":58},[44,36798,1433],{"class":62},[44,36800,66],{"class":58},[44,36802,7173],{"class":62},[44,36804,8628],{"class":58},[44,36806,36807,36809],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,36808,1491],{"class":62},[44,36810,35542],{"class":50},[44,36812,36813,36815],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,36814,63],{"class":62},[44,36816,35549],{"class":50},[30,36818,1235],{"id":1234},[693,36820,4516,36822,4519],{"id":36821},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36823,35117],{},[20,36825,36826],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[693,36828,1239,36830,36832],{"id":36829},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36831,35117],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,36834,36835,36836,36838,36839,36842],{},"It starts at ",[15,36837,1491],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,36840,36841],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[693,36844,20787,36846,1264,36848,1863],{"id":36845},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,36847,35117],{},[15,36849,36850],{},"range(len(list))",[20,36852,35960,36853,36855],{},[15,36854,35117],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[693,36857,4544,36859,36861],{"id":36858},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,36860,35117],{}," be used with strings?",[20,36863,36864,36865,36867],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,36866,35117],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,36869,1279],{"id":1278},[165,36871,36872,36876,36882,36889],{},[168,36873,36874],{},[184,36875,35397],{"href":35396},[168,36877,36878],{},[184,36879,2945,36880,2878],{"href":35562},[15,36881,35565],{},[168,36883,36884],{},[184,36885,36886,36887,35976],{"href":35972},"How to use ",[15,36888,35117],{},[168,36890,36891],{},[184,36892,4591],{"href":4962},[1304,36894,36895],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":36897},[36898,36899,36901,36902,36904,36906,36908,36915,36916,36926],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":35257,"depth":80,"text":36900},"What enumerate() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":35568,"depth":80,"text":36903},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35783,"depth":80,"text":36905},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":35979,"depth":80,"text":36907},"Using the start argument",{"id":24723,"depth":80,"text":24724,"children":36909},[36910,36911,36912,36914],{"id":36119,"depth":102,"text":36120},{"id":36215,"depth":102,"text":36216},{"id":36379,"depth":102,"text":36913},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36468,"depth":102,"text":36469},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":36917},[36918,36920,36922,36924],{"id":36821,"depth":102,"text":36919},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36829,"depth":102,"text":36921},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36845,"depth":102,"text":36923},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36858,"depth":102,"text":36925},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35109,"description":36927},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":36934,"title":36935,"body":36936,"description":39452,"extension":1334,"meta":39453,"navigation":322,"path":39454,"seo":39455,"stem":39456,"__hash__":39457},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36937,"toc":39409},[36938,36944,36949,36952,36960,36974,36976,37067,37075,37080,37085,37087,37103,37105,37184,37186,37203,37209,37213,37215,37236,37240,37243,37255,37259,37262,37265,37282,37285,37361,37363,37380,37385,37389,37397,37400,37415,37417,37506,37508,37553,37556,37560,37563,37642,37644,37666,37669,37676,37681,37684,37787,37789,37814,37817,37824,37830,37835,37838,37849,37955,37957,37978,37986,37993,37999,38018,38023,38026,38045,38047,38132,38134,38163,38166,38171,38176,38179,38190,38192,38281,38283,38303,38309,38415,38417,38437,38440,38524,38526,38546,38553,38555,38559,38565,38568,38625,38628,38631,38692,38701,38704,38707,38735,38738,38798,38800,38817,38821,38824,38902,38904,38924,38927,39002,39006,39009,39011,39020,39025,39027,39078,39086,39098,39103,39164,39166,39183,39187,39250,39252,39277,39285,39287,39293,39299,39306,39314,39320,39323,39330,39340,39346,39352,39355,39372,39378,39380,39406],[10,36939,2945,36941,2949],{"id":36940},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,36942,36943],{},"filter()",[20,36945,36946,36948],{},[15,36947,36943],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,36950,36951],{},"It takes:",[165,36953,36954,36957],{},[168,36955,36956],{},"a function that checks each item",[168,36958,36959],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,36961,36962,36963,36966,36967,36970,36971,36973],{},"The result is ",[116,36964,36965],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,36968,36969],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,36972,24147],{}," to see the values.",[30,36975,33],{"id":32},[35,36977,36979],{"className":37,"code":36978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,36980,36981,37014,37050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36982,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993,36995,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36984,51],{"class":50},[44,36986,55],{"class":54},[44,36988,2992],{"class":58},[44,36990,63],{"class":62},[44,36992,66],{"class":58},[44,36994,69],{"class":62},[44,36996,66],{"class":58},[44,36998,74],{"class":62},[44,37000,66],{"class":58},[44,37002,143],{"class":62},[44,37004,66],{"class":58},[44,37006,1064],{"class":62},[44,37008,66],{"class":58},[44,37010,37011],{"class":62}," 6",[44,37013,3005],{"class":58},[44,37015,37016,37018,37020,37023,37025,37028,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37017,1602],{"class":50},[44,37019,55],{"class":54},[44,37021,37022],{"class":105}," filter",[44,37024,93],{"class":58},[44,37026,37027],{"class":1436},"lambda",[44,37029,37031],{"class":37030},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37033,1084],{"class":58},[44,37035,3250],{"class":89},[44,37037,5780],{"class":54},[44,37039,69],{"class":62},[44,37041,5785],{"class":54},[44,37043,3204],{"class":62},[44,37045,66],{"class":58},[44,37047,3635],{"class":89},[44,37049,99],{"class":58},[44,37051,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37053,106],{"class":105},[44,37055,93],{"class":58},[44,37057,1097],{"class":909},[44,37059,93],{"class":58},[44,37061,1637],{"class":89},[44,37063,4737],{"class":58},[44,37065,37066],{"class":3034},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37068,37069,37071,37072,37074],{},[15,37070,36943],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37073,24147],{}," to see the results.",[30,37076,155,37078,158],{"id":37077},"what-filter-does",[15,37079,36943],{},[20,37081,37082,37084],{},[15,37083,36943],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37086,1478],{},[165,37088,37089,37092,37098],{},[168,37090,37091],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[168,37093,37094,37095,37097],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37096,987],{},", the item is kept",[168,37099,37094,37100,37102],{},[15,37101,3045],{},", the item is removed",[20,37104,894],{},[35,37106,37108],{"className":37,"code":37107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37109,37110,37138,37142,37170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37111,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37113,51],{"class":50},[44,37115,55],{"class":54},[44,37117,2992],{"class":58},[44,37119,63],{"class":62},[44,37121,66],{"class":58},[44,37123,69],{"class":62},[44,37125,66],{"class":58},[44,37127,74],{"class":62},[44,37129,66],{"class":58},[44,37131,143],{"class":62},[44,37133,66],{"class":58},[44,37135,1064],{"class":62},[44,37137,3005],{"class":58},[44,37139,37140],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37141,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,37143,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37145,1602],{"class":50},[44,37147,55],{"class":54},[44,37149,37022],{"class":105},[44,37151,93],{"class":58},[44,37153,37027],{"class":1436},[44,37155,37031],{"class":37030},[44,37157,1084],{"class":58},[44,37159,3250],{"class":89},[44,37161,3624],{"class":54},[44,37163,74],{"class":62},[44,37165,66],{"class":58},[44,37167,3635],{"class":89},[44,37169,99],{"class":58},[44,37171,37172,37174,37176,37178,37180,37182],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,37173,106],{"class":105},[44,37175,93],{"class":58},[44,37177,1097],{"class":909},[44,37179,93],{"class":58},[44,37181,1637],{"class":89},[44,37183,973],{"class":58},[20,37185,118],{},[35,37187,37189],{"className":37,"code":37188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37190,37191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37192,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37194,3270],{"class":58},[44,37196,96],{"class":62},[44,37198,66],{"class":58},[44,37200,1064],{"class":62},[44,37202,3005],{"class":58},[20,37204,37205,37206,37208],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37207,1433],{}," are kept.",[30,37210,37212],{"id":37211},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37214,1531],{},[35,37216,37218],{"className":37,"code":37217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37219,37220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37221,37222,37224,37226,37229,37231,37234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37223,36969],{"class":105},[44,37225,93],{"class":58},[44,37227,37228],{"class":89},"function",[44,37230,66],{"class":58},[44,37232,37233],{"class":89}," iterable",[44,37235,99],{"class":58},[693,37237,37238],{"id":37228},[15,37239,37228],{},[20,37241,37242],{},"This is the test function.",[165,37244,37245,37248],{},[168,37246,37247],{},"It receives one item at a time",[168,37249,37250,37251,188,37253],{},"It should return ",[15,37252,987],{},[15,37254,3045],{},[693,37256,37257],{"id":3091},[15,37258,3091],{},[20,37260,37261],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37263,37264],{},"It can be:",[165,37266,37267,37270,37273,37276,37279],{},[168,37268,37269],{},"a list",[168,37271,37272],{},"a tuple",[168,37274,37275],{},"a string",[168,37277,37278],{},"a set",[168,37280,37281],{},"another iterable object",[20,37283,37284],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,37286,37288],{"className":37,"code":37287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37289,37290,37315,37319,37347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37291,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37293,51],{"class":50},[44,37295,55],{"class":54},[44,37297,8615],{"class":58},[44,37299,931],{"class":62},[44,37301,66],{"class":58},[44,37303,37304],{"class":62}," 15",[44,37306,66],{"class":58},[44,37308,7168],{"class":62},[44,37310,66],{"class":58},[44,37312,8684],{"class":62},[44,37314,99],{"class":58},[44,37316,37317],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37318,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,37320,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37322,1602],{"class":50},[44,37324,55],{"class":54},[44,37326,37022],{"class":105},[44,37328,93],{"class":58},[44,37330,37027],{"class":1436},[44,37332,37031],{"class":37030},[44,37334,1084],{"class":58},[44,37336,3250],{"class":89},[44,37338,4472],{"class":54},[44,37340,7168],{"class":62},[44,37342,66],{"class":58},[44,37344,3635],{"class":89},[44,37346,99],{"class":58},[44,37348,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,37350,106],{"class":105},[44,37352,93],{"class":58},[44,37354,1097],{"class":909},[44,37356,93],{"class":58},[44,37358,1637],{"class":89},[44,37360,973],{"class":58},[20,37362,118],{},[35,37364,37366],{"className":37,"code":37365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37367,37368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37369,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37371,3270],{"class":58},[44,37373,15122],{"class":62},[44,37375,66],{"class":58},[44,37377,8684],{"class":62},[44,37379,3005],{"class":58},[20,37381,37382,37383,86],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[184,37384,4510],{"href":4962},[30,37386,37388],{"id":37387},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37390,37391,37392,21342,37394,86],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37393,36943],{},[116,37395,37396],{},"filter object",[20,37398,37399],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[165,37401,37402,37405,37410],{},[168,37403,37404],{},"loop through it",[168,37406,37407,37408],{},"convert it with ",[15,37409,24147],{},[168,37411,37407,37412],{},[15,37413,37414],{},"tuple()",[20,37416,894],{},[35,37418,37420],{"className":37,"code":37419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37421,37422,37464,37468,37478,37492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37423,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37425,1602],{"class":50},[44,37427,55],{"class":54},[44,37429,37022],{"class":105},[44,37431,93],{"class":58},[44,37433,37027],{"class":1436},[44,37435,37031],{"class":37030},[44,37437,1084],{"class":58},[44,37439,3250],{"class":89},[44,37441,3624],{"class":54},[44,37443,69],{"class":62},[44,37445,66],{"class":58},[44,37447,2992],{"class":58},[44,37449,63],{"class":62},[44,37451,66],{"class":58},[44,37453,69],{"class":62},[44,37455,66],{"class":58},[44,37457,74],{"class":62},[44,37459,66],{"class":58},[44,37461,143],{"class":62},[44,37463,677],{"class":58},[44,37465,37466],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37467,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,37469,37470,37472,37474,37476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37471,106],{"class":105},[44,37473,93],{"class":58},[44,37475,1637],{"class":89},[44,37477,99],{"class":58},[44,37479,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,37481,106],{"class":105},[44,37483,93],{"class":58},[44,37485,1090],{"class":909},[44,37487,93],{"class":58},[44,37489,1637],{"class":89},[44,37491,973],{"class":58},[44,37493,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,37495,106],{"class":105},[44,37497,93],{"class":58},[44,37499,1097],{"class":909},[44,37501,93],{"class":58},[44,37503,1637],{"class":89},[44,37505,973],{"class":58},[20,37507,118],{},[35,37509,37511],{"className":37,"code":37510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37512,37513,37527,37541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37514,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37516,2659],{"class":54},[44,37518,36969],{"class":105},[44,37520,23984],{"class":909},[44,37522,36731],{"class":50},[44,37524,36738],{"class":33819},[44,37526,2671],{"class":54},[44,37528,37529,37531,37533,37535,37537,37539],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37530,2659],{"class":54},[44,37532,2662],{"class":1436},[44,37534,360],{"class":278},[44,37536,36969],{"class":282},[44,37538,351],{"class":278},[44,37540,2671],{"class":54},[44,37542,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37544,3270],{"class":58},[44,37546,1433],{"class":62},[44,37548,66],{"class":58},[44,37550,143],{"class":62},[44,37552,3005],{"class":58},[20,37554,37555],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[693,37557,37559],{"id":37558},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37561,37562],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,37564,37566],{"className":37,"code":37565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37567,37568,37610,37614,37628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37569,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606,37608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37571,1602],{"class":50},[44,37573,55],{"class":54},[44,37575,37022],{"class":105},[44,37577,93],{"class":58},[44,37579,37027],{"class":1436},[44,37581,37031],{"class":37030},[44,37583,1084],{"class":58},[44,37585,3250],{"class":89},[44,37587,3624],{"class":54},[44,37589,69],{"class":62},[44,37591,66],{"class":58},[44,37593,2992],{"class":58},[44,37595,63],{"class":62},[44,37597,66],{"class":58},[44,37599,69],{"class":62},[44,37601,66],{"class":58},[44,37603,74],{"class":62},[44,37605,66],{"class":58},[44,37607,143],{"class":62},[44,37609,677],{"class":58},[44,37611,37612],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37613,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,37615,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37617,106],{"class":105},[44,37619,93],{"class":58},[44,37621,1097],{"class":909},[44,37623,93],{"class":58},[44,37625,1637],{"class":89},[44,37627,973],{"class":58},[44,37629,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638,37640],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,37631,106],{"class":105},[44,37633,93],{"class":58},[44,37635,1097],{"class":909},[44,37637,93],{"class":58},[44,37639,1637],{"class":89},[44,37641,973],{"class":58},[20,37643,118],{},[35,37645,37647],{"className":37,"code":37646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37648,37649,37661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37650,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37652,3270],{"class":58},[44,37654,1433],{"class":62},[44,37656,66],{"class":58},[44,37658,143],{"class":62},[44,37660,3005],{"class":58},[44,37662,37663],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37664,37665],{"class":58},"[]\n",[20,37667,37668],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,37670,1123,37672,8082,37674],{"id":37671},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37673,36943],{},[15,37675,37027],{},[20,37677,14559,37678,37680],{},[15,37679,37027],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37682,37683],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,37685,37687],{"className":37,"code":37686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37688,37689,37731,37735,37773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37690,37691,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37710,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37727,37729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37692,3441],{"class":50},[44,37694,55],{"class":54},[44,37696,2992],{"class":58},[44,37698,279],{"class":278},[44,37700,3450],{"class":282},[44,37702,279],{"class":278},[44,37704,66],{"class":58},[44,37706,290],{"class":278},[44,37708,37709],{"class":282},"kiwi",[44,37711,279],{"class":278},[44,37713,66],{"class":58},[44,37715,290],{"class":278},[44,37717,3459],{"class":282},[44,37719,279],{"class":278},[44,37721,66],{"class":58},[44,37723,290],{"class":278},[44,37725,37726],{"class":282},"fig",[44,37728,279],{"class":278},[44,37730,3005],{"class":58},[44,37732,37733],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37734,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,37736,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37750,37752,37755,37757,37760,37762,37765,37767,37769,37771],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37738,1602],{"class":50},[44,37740,55],{"class":54},[44,37742,37022],{"class":105},[44,37744,93],{"class":58},[44,37746,37027],{"class":1436},[44,37748,37749],{"class":37030}," word",[44,37751,1084],{"class":58},[44,37753,37754],{"class":105}," len",[44,37756,93],{"class":58},[44,37758,37759],{"class":89},"word",[44,37761,3031],{"class":58},[44,37763,37764],{"class":54}," >",[44,37766,143],{"class":62},[44,37768,66],{"class":58},[44,37770,5545],{"class":89},[44,37772,99],{"class":58},[44,37774,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,37776,106],{"class":105},[44,37778,93],{"class":58},[44,37780,1097],{"class":909},[44,37782,93],{"class":58},[44,37784,1637],{"class":89},[44,37786,973],{"class":58},[20,37788,118],{},[35,37790,37792],{"className":37,"code":37791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37793,37794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37795,37796,37798,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808,37810,37812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37797,3270],{"class":58},[44,37799,351],{"class":278},[44,37801,3450],{"class":282},[44,37803,351],{"class":278},[44,37805,66],{"class":58},[44,37807,360],{"class":278},[44,37809,3459],{"class":282},[44,37811,351],{"class":278},[44,37813,3005],{"class":58},[20,37815,37816],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37818,37819,37820,86],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[184,37821,37823],{"href":37822},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,37825,1123,37827,37829],{"id":37826},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37828,36943],{}," with a named function",[20,37831,37832,37833,86],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,37834,37027],{},[20,37836,37837],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[165,37839,37840,37843,37846],{},[168,37841,37842],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[168,37844,37845],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[168,37847,37848],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,37850,37852],{"className":37,"code":37851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37853,37854,37867,37882,37886,37918,37937,37941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37855,37856,37858,37861,37863,37865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37857,34218],{"class":1436},[44,37859,37860],{"class":34221}," is_even",[44,37862,93],{"class":58},[44,37864,1612],{"class":37030},[44,37866,7720],{"class":58},[44,37868,37869,37871,37873,37875,37877,37879],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,37870,34229],{"class":3246},[44,37872,5763],{"class":50},[44,37874,5780],{"class":54},[44,37876,69],{"class":62},[44,37878,5785],{"class":54},[44,37880,37881],{"class":62}," 0\n",[44,37883,37884],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37885,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,37887,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,37889,51],{"class":50},[44,37891,55],{"class":54},[44,37893,2992],{"class":58},[44,37895,63],{"class":62},[44,37897,66],{"class":58},[44,37899,69],{"class":62},[44,37901,66],{"class":58},[44,37903,74],{"class":62},[44,37905,66],{"class":58},[44,37907,143],{"class":62},[44,37909,66],{"class":58},[44,37911,1064],{"class":62},[44,37913,66],{"class":58},[44,37915,37011],{"class":62},[44,37917,3005],{"class":58},[44,37919,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37931,37933,37935],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,37921,1602],{"class":50},[44,37923,55],{"class":54},[44,37925,37022],{"class":105},[44,37927,93],{"class":58},[44,37929,37930],{"class":89},"is_even",[44,37932,66],{"class":58},[44,37934,3635],{"class":89},[44,37936,99],{"class":58},[44,37938,37939],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,37940,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,37942,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,37944,106],{"class":105},[44,37946,93],{"class":58},[44,37948,1097],{"class":909},[44,37950,93],{"class":58},[44,37952,1637],{"class":89},[44,37954,973],{"class":58},[20,37956,118],{},[35,37958,37960],{"className":37,"code":37959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37961,37962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37963,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37965,3270],{"class":58},[44,37967,472],{"class":62},[44,37969,66],{"class":58},[44,37971,143],{"class":62},[44,37973,66],{"class":58},[44,37975,37011],{"class":62},[44,37977,3005],{"class":58},[20,37979,20137,37980,727,37983,37985],{},[15,37981,37982],{},"is_even()",[15,37984,987],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,37987,1123,37989,8082,37991],{"id":37988},"using-none-with-filter",[15,37990,730],{},[15,37992,36943],{},[20,37994,37995,37996,37998],{},"You can pass ",[15,37997,730],{}," as the first argument:",[35,38000,38002],{"className":37,"code":38001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38003,38004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38005,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38007,36969],{"class":105},[44,38009,93],{"class":58},[44,38011,730],{"class":871},[44,38013,66],{"class":58},[44,38015,37233],{"class":89},[44,38017,99],{"class":58},[20,38019,38020,38021,6717],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[116,38022,4972],{},[20,38024,38025],{},"Falsy values include:",[165,38027,38028,38032,38037,38041],{},[168,38029,38030],{},[15,38031,1491],{},[168,38033,38034,38036],{},[15,38035,3144],{}," (empty string)",[168,38038,38039],{},[15,38040,730],{},[168,38042,38043],{},[15,38044,3045],{},[20,38046,894],{},[35,38048,38050],{"className":37,"code":38049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38051,38052,38096,38100,38118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38053,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38055,904],{"class":50},[44,38057,55],{"class":54},[44,38059,2992],{"class":58},[44,38061,1491],{"class":62},[44,38063,66],{"class":58},[44,38065,4874],{"class":62},[44,38067,66],{"class":58},[44,38069,5503],{"class":278},[44,38071,66],{"class":58},[44,38073,290],{"class":278},[44,38075,948],{"class":282},[44,38077,279],{"class":278},[44,38079,66],{"class":58},[44,38081,3222],{"class":871},[44,38083,66],{"class":58},[44,38085,3286],{"class":871},[44,38087,66],{"class":58},[44,38089,3277],{"class":871},[44,38091,66],{"class":58},[44,38093,1064],{"class":62},[44,38095,3005],{"class":58},[44,38097,38098],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38099,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,38101,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38103,1602],{"class":50},[44,38105,55],{"class":54},[44,38107,37022],{"class":105},[44,38109,93],{"class":58},[44,38111,730],{"class":871},[44,38113,66],{"class":58},[44,38115,5342],{"class":89},[44,38117,99],{"class":58},[44,38119,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,38121,106],{"class":105},[44,38123,93],{"class":58},[44,38125,1097],{"class":909},[44,38127,93],{"class":58},[44,38129,1637],{"class":89},[44,38131,973],{"class":58},[20,38133,118],{},[35,38135,38137],{"className":37,"code":38136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38138,38139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38140,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38142,3270],{"class":58},[44,38144,63],{"class":62},[44,38146,66],{"class":58},[44,38148,360],{"class":278},[44,38150,948],{"class":282},[44,38152,351],{"class":278},[44,38154,66],{"class":58},[44,38156,3286],{"class":871},[44,38158,66],{"class":58},[44,38160,1064],{"class":62},[44,38162,3005],{"class":58},[20,38164,38165],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,38167,4334,38169],{"id":38168},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38170,36943],{},[20,38172,148,38173,38175],{},[15,38174,36943],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38177,38178],{},"It works well for:",[165,38180,38181,38184,38187],{},[168,38182,38183],{},"simple filtering rules",[168,38185,38186],{},"quick data cleaning",[168,38188,38189],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38191,894],{},[35,38193,38195],{"className":37,"code":38194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38196,38197,38229,38262,38266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38198,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38200,51],{"class":50},[44,38202,55],{"class":54},[44,38204,2992],{"class":58},[44,38206,63],{"class":62},[44,38208,66],{"class":58},[44,38210,69],{"class":62},[44,38212,66],{"class":58},[44,38214,74],{"class":62},[44,38216,66],{"class":58},[44,38218,143],{"class":62},[44,38220,66],{"class":58},[44,38222,1064],{"class":62},[44,38224,66],{"class":58},[44,38226,37011],{"class":62},[44,38228,3005],{"class":58},[44,38230,38231,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38232,38233],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,38235,55],{"class":54},[44,38237,37022],{"class":105},[44,38239,93],{"class":58},[44,38241,37027],{"class":1436},[44,38243,37031],{"class":37030},[44,38245,1084],{"class":58},[44,38247,3250],{"class":89},[44,38249,5780],{"class":54},[44,38251,69],{"class":62},[44,38253,5785],{"class":54},[44,38255,3204],{"class":62},[44,38257,66],{"class":58},[44,38259,3635],{"class":89},[44,38261,99],{"class":58},[44,38263,38264],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38265,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,38267,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276,38279],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,38269,106],{"class":105},[44,38271,93],{"class":58},[44,38273,1097],{"class":909},[44,38275,93],{"class":58},[44,38277,38278],{"class":89},"evens",[44,38280,973],{"class":58},[20,38282,118],{},[35,38284,38285],{"className":37,"code":37959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38286,38287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38288,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38290,3270],{"class":58},[44,38292,472],{"class":62},[44,38294,66],{"class":58},[44,38296,143],{"class":62},[44,38298,66],{"class":58},[44,38300,37011],{"class":62},[44,38302,3005],{"class":58},[20,38304,38305,38306,38308],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38307,5334],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,38310,38312],{"className":37,"code":38311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38313,38314,38346,38354,38358,38370,38386,38401,38405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38315,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38317,51],{"class":50},[44,38319,55],{"class":54},[44,38321,2992],{"class":58},[44,38323,63],{"class":62},[44,38325,66],{"class":58},[44,38327,69],{"class":62},[44,38329,66],{"class":58},[44,38331,74],{"class":62},[44,38333,66],{"class":58},[44,38335,143],{"class":62},[44,38337,66],{"class":58},[44,38339,1064],{"class":62},[44,38341,66],{"class":58},[44,38343,37011],{"class":62},[44,38345,3005],{"class":58},[44,38347,38348,38350,38352],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38349,38233],{"class":50},[44,38351,55],{"class":54},[44,38353,7216],{"class":58},[44,38355,38356],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38357,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,38359,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,38361,5334],{"class":3246},[44,38363,5763],{"class":50},[44,38365,3253],{"class":3246},[44,38367,3635],{"class":50},[44,38369,5770],{"class":58},[44,38371,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,38373,5775],{"class":3246},[44,38375,5763],{"class":50},[44,38377,5780],{"class":54},[44,38379,69],{"class":62},[44,38381,5785],{"class":54},[44,38383,3204],{"class":62},[44,38385,5770],{"class":58},[44,38387,38388,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,38389,38390],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,38392,86],{"class":58},[44,38394,12924],{"class":89},[44,38396,93],{"class":58},[44,38398,1612],{"class":89},[44,38400,99],{"class":58},[44,38402,38403],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,38404,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,38406,38407,38409,38411,38413],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,38408,106],{"class":105},[44,38410,93],{"class":58},[44,38412,38278],{"class":89},[44,38414,99],{"class":58},[20,38416,118],{},[35,38418,38419],{"className":37,"code":37959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38420,38421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38422,38423,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38424,3270],{"class":58},[44,38426,472],{"class":62},[44,38428,66],{"class":58},[44,38430,143],{"class":62},[44,38432,66],{"class":58},[44,38434,37011],{"class":62},[44,38436,3005],{"class":58},[20,38438,38439],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,38441,38443],{"className":37,"code":38442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38444,38445,38477,38510,38514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38446,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38448,51],{"class":50},[44,38450,55],{"class":54},[44,38452,2992],{"class":58},[44,38454,63],{"class":62},[44,38456,66],{"class":58},[44,38458,69],{"class":62},[44,38460,66],{"class":58},[44,38462,74],{"class":62},[44,38464,66],{"class":58},[44,38466,143],{"class":62},[44,38468,66],{"class":58},[44,38470,1064],{"class":62},[44,38472,66],{"class":58},[44,38474,37011],{"class":62},[44,38476,3005],{"class":58},[44,38478,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38480,38233],{"class":50},[44,38482,55],{"class":54},[44,38484,2992],{"class":58},[44,38486,1589],{"class":50},[44,38488,5334],{"class":3246},[44,38490,5763],{"class":50},[44,38492,3253],{"class":3246},[44,38494,38495],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,38497,6374],{"class":3246},[44,38499,5763],{"class":50},[44,38501,5780],{"class":54},[44,38503,69],{"class":62},[44,38505,5785],{"class":54},[44,38507,3204],{"class":62},[44,38509,3005],{"class":58},[44,38511,38512],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38513,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,38515,38516,38518,38520,38522],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,38517,106],{"class":105},[44,38519,93],{"class":58},[44,38521,38278],{"class":89},[44,38523,99],{"class":58},[20,38525,118],{},[35,38527,38528],{"className":37,"code":37959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38529,38530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38531,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38533,3270],{"class":58},[44,38535,472],{"class":62},[44,38537,66],{"class":58},[44,38539,143],{"class":62},[44,38541,66],{"class":58},[44,38543,37011],{"class":62},[44,38545,3005],{"class":58},[20,38547,38548,38549,86],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[184,38550,38552],{"href":38551},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,38554,1113],{"id":1112},[20,38556,1116,38557,86],{},[15,38558,36943],{},[693,38560,1129,38562,38564],{"id":38561},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38563,36943],{}," to return a list",[20,38566,38567],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,38569,38571],{"className":37,"code":38570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38572,38573,38615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38574,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38576,1602],{"class":50},[44,38578,55],{"class":54},[44,38580,37022],{"class":105},[44,38582,93],{"class":58},[44,38584,37027],{"class":1436},[44,38586,37031],{"class":37030},[44,38588,1084],{"class":58},[44,38590,3250],{"class":89},[44,38592,3624],{"class":54},[44,38594,69],{"class":62},[44,38596,66],{"class":58},[44,38598,2992],{"class":58},[44,38600,63],{"class":62},[44,38602,66],{"class":58},[44,38604,69],{"class":62},[44,38606,66],{"class":58},[44,38608,74],{"class":62},[44,38610,66],{"class":58},[44,38612,143],{"class":62},[44,38614,677],{"class":58},[44,38616,38617,38619,38621,38623],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38618,106],{"class":105},[44,38620,93],{"class":58},[44,38622,1637],{"class":89},[44,38624,99],{"class":58},[20,38626,38627],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38629,38630],{},"Fix:",[35,38632,38634],{"className":37,"code":38633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38635,38636,38678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38637,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38639,1602],{"class":50},[44,38641,55],{"class":54},[44,38643,37022],{"class":105},[44,38645,93],{"class":58},[44,38647,37027],{"class":1436},[44,38649,37031],{"class":37030},[44,38651,1084],{"class":58},[44,38653,3250],{"class":89},[44,38655,3624],{"class":54},[44,38657,69],{"class":62},[44,38659,66],{"class":58},[44,38661,2992],{"class":58},[44,38663,63],{"class":62},[44,38665,66],{"class":58},[44,38667,69],{"class":62},[44,38669,66],{"class":58},[44,38671,74],{"class":62},[44,38673,66],{"class":58},[44,38675,143],{"class":62},[44,38677,677],{"class":58},[44,38679,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38681,106],{"class":105},[44,38683,93],{"class":58},[44,38685,1097],{"class":909},[44,38687,93],{"class":58},[44,38689,1637],{"class":89},[44,38691,973],{"class":58},[693,38693,38695,38696,188,38698,38700],{"id":38694},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38697,987],{},[15,38699,3045],{}," clearly",[20,38702,38703],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38705,38706],{},"Good example:",[35,38708,38710],{"className":37,"code":38709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38711,38712,38725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38713,38714,38716,38719,38721,38723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38715,34218],{"class":1436},[44,38717,38718],{"class":34221}," is_positive",[44,38720,93],{"class":58},[44,38722,1612],{"class":37030},[44,38724,7720],{"class":58},[44,38726,38727,38729,38731,38733],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38728,34229],{"class":3246},[44,38730,5763],{"class":50},[44,38732,3624],{"class":54},[44,38734,37881],{"class":62},[20,38736,38737],{},"Then use it with:",[35,38739,38741],{"className":37,"code":38740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38742,38743,38775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38744,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38746,51],{"class":50},[44,38748,55],{"class":54},[44,38750,2992],{"class":58},[44,38752,1393],{"class":54},[44,38754,472],{"class":62},[44,38756,66],{"class":58},[44,38758,1594],{"class":54},[44,38760,63],{"class":62},[44,38762,66],{"class":58},[44,38764,3204],{"class":62},[44,38766,66],{"class":58},[44,38768,4874],{"class":62},[44,38770,66],{"class":58},[44,38772,69],{"class":62},[44,38774,3005],{"class":58},[44,38776,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789,38792,38794,38796],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38778,106],{"class":105},[44,38780,93],{"class":58},[44,38782,1097],{"class":909},[44,38784,93],{"class":58},[44,38786,36969],{"class":105},[44,38788,93],{"class":58},[44,38790,38791],{"class":89},"is_positive",[44,38793,66],{"class":58},[44,38795,3635],{"class":89},[44,38797,2282],{"class":58},[20,38799,118],{},[35,38801,38803],{"className":37,"code":38802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38804,38805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38806,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38808,3270],{"class":58},[44,38810,63],{"class":62},[44,38812,66],{"class":58},[44,38814,69],{"class":62},[44,38816,3005],{"class":58},[693,38818,38820],{"id":38819},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38822,38823],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,38825,38826],{"className":37,"code":37565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38827,38828,38870,38874,38888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38829,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38831,1602],{"class":50},[44,38833,55],{"class":54},[44,38835,37022],{"class":105},[44,38837,93],{"class":58},[44,38839,37027],{"class":1436},[44,38841,37031],{"class":37030},[44,38843,1084],{"class":58},[44,38845,3250],{"class":89},[44,38847,3624],{"class":54},[44,38849,69],{"class":62},[44,38851,66],{"class":58},[44,38853,2992],{"class":58},[44,38855,63],{"class":62},[44,38857,66],{"class":58},[44,38859,69],{"class":62},[44,38861,66],{"class":58},[44,38863,74],{"class":62},[44,38865,66],{"class":58},[44,38867,143],{"class":62},[44,38869,677],{"class":58},[44,38871,38872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38873,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,38875,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38877,106],{"class":105},[44,38879,93],{"class":58},[44,38881,1097],{"class":909},[44,38883,93],{"class":58},[44,38885,1637],{"class":89},[44,38887,973],{"class":58},[44,38889,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,38891,106],{"class":105},[44,38893,93],{"class":58},[44,38895,1097],{"class":909},[44,38897,93],{"class":58},[44,38899,1637],{"class":89},[44,38901,973],{"class":58},[20,38903,118],{},[35,38905,38906],{"className":37,"code":37646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38907,38908,38920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38909,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38911,3270],{"class":58},[44,38913,1433],{"class":62},[44,38915,66],{"class":58},[44,38917,143],{"class":62},[44,38919,3005],{"class":58},[44,38921,38922],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38923,37665],{"class":58},[20,38925,38926],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,38928,38930],{"className":37,"code":38929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,38931,38932,38978,38982,38992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38933,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38935,1602],{"class":50},[44,38937,55],{"class":54},[44,38939,21927],{"class":909},[44,38941,93],{"class":58},[44,38943,36969],{"class":105},[44,38945,93],{"class":58},[44,38947,37027],{"class":1436},[44,38949,37031],{"class":37030},[44,38951,1084],{"class":58},[44,38953,3250],{"class":89},[44,38955,3624],{"class":54},[44,38957,69],{"class":62},[44,38959,66],{"class":58},[44,38961,2992],{"class":58},[44,38963,63],{"class":62},[44,38965,66],{"class":58},[44,38967,69],{"class":62},[44,38969,66],{"class":58},[44,38971,74],{"class":62},[44,38973,66],{"class":58},[44,38975,143],{"class":62},[44,38977,2368],{"class":58},[44,38979,38980],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,38981,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,38983,38984,38986,38988,38990],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38985,106],{"class":105},[44,38987,93],{"class":58},[44,38989,1637],{"class":89},[44,38991,99],{"class":58},[44,38993,38994,38996,38998,39000],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,38995,106],{"class":105},[44,38997,93],{"class":58},[44,38999,1637],{"class":89},[44,39001,99],{"class":58},[693,39003,39005],{"id":39004},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39007,39008],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39010,16012],{},[35,39012,39014],{"className":37,"code":39013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39015,39016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39017,39018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39019,39013],{"class":3034},[20,39021,39022,39023,5927],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39024,931],{},[20,39026,16024],{},[35,39028,39030],{"className":37,"code":39029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39031,39032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39033,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39035,106],{"class":105},[44,39037,93],{"class":58},[44,39039,1097],{"class":909},[44,39041,93],{"class":58},[44,39043,36969],{"class":105},[44,39045,93],{"class":58},[44,39047,37027],{"class":1436},[44,39049,37031],{"class":37030},[44,39051,1084],{"class":58},[44,39053,3250],{"class":89},[44,39055,3624],{"class":54},[44,39057,69],{"class":62},[44,39059,66],{"class":58},[44,39061,2992],{"class":58},[44,39063,63],{"class":62},[44,39065,66],{"class":58},[44,39067,69],{"class":62},[44,39069,66],{"class":58},[44,39071,74],{"class":62},[44,39073,66],{"class":58},[44,39075,143],{"class":62},[44,39077,36632],{"class":58},[693,39079,1138,39081,8082,39083],{"id":39080},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39082,36943],{},[15,39084,39085],{},"map()",[165,39087,39088,39093],{},[168,39089,39090,39092],{},[15,39091,36943],{}," keeps or removes items",[168,39094,39095,39097],{},[15,39096,39085],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39099,39100,39101,1084],{},"Example of ",[15,39102,36943],{},[35,39104,39106],{"className":37,"code":39105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39107,39108,39132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39109,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39111,51],{"class":50},[44,39113,55],{"class":54},[44,39115,2992],{"class":58},[44,39117,63],{"class":62},[44,39119,66],{"class":58},[44,39121,69],{"class":62},[44,39123,66],{"class":58},[44,39125,74],{"class":62},[44,39127,66],{"class":58},[44,39129,143],{"class":62},[44,39131,3005],{"class":58},[44,39133,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39135,106],{"class":105},[44,39137,93],{"class":58},[44,39139,1097],{"class":909},[44,39141,93],{"class":58},[44,39143,36969],{"class":105},[44,39145,93],{"class":58},[44,39147,37027],{"class":1436},[44,39149,37031],{"class":37030},[44,39151,1084],{"class":58},[44,39153,3250],{"class":89},[44,39155,3624],{"class":54},[44,39157,69],{"class":62},[44,39159,66],{"class":58},[44,39161,3635],{"class":89},[44,39163,2282],{"class":58},[20,39165,118],{},[35,39167,39169],{"className":37,"code":39168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39170,39171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39172,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39174,3270],{"class":58},[44,39176,1433],{"class":62},[44,39178,66],{"class":58},[44,39180,143],{"class":62},[44,39182,3005],{"class":58},[20,39184,39100,39185,1084],{},[15,39186,39085],{},[35,39188,39190],{"className":37,"code":39189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39191,39192,39216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39193,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39195,51],{"class":50},[44,39197,55],{"class":54},[44,39199,2992],{"class":58},[44,39201,63],{"class":62},[44,39203,66],{"class":58},[44,39205,69],{"class":62},[44,39207,66],{"class":58},[44,39209,74],{"class":62},[44,39211,66],{"class":58},[44,39213,143],{"class":62},[44,39215,3005],{"class":58},[44,39217,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39242,39244,39246,39248],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39219,106],{"class":105},[44,39221,93],{"class":58},[44,39223,1097],{"class":909},[44,39225,93],{"class":58},[44,39227,39228],{"class":105},"map",[44,39230,93],{"class":58},[44,39232,37027],{"class":1436},[44,39234,37031],{"class":37030},[44,39236,1084],{"class":58},[44,39238,3250],{"class":89},[44,39240,39241],{"class":54},"*",[44,39243,69],{"class":62},[44,39245,66],{"class":58},[44,39247,3635],{"class":89},[44,39249,2282],{"class":58},[20,39251,118],{},[35,39253,39255],{"className":37,"code":39254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39256,39257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39258,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39260,3270],{"class":58},[44,39262,472],{"class":62},[44,39264,66],{"class":58},[44,39266,143],{"class":62},[44,39268,66],{"class":58},[44,39270,37011],{"class":62},[44,39272,66],{"class":58},[44,39274,5736],{"class":62},[44,39276,3005],{"class":58},[20,39278,39279,39280,86],{},"For the related function, see ",[184,39281,2945,39283,2878],{"href":39282},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39284,39085],{},[30,39286,1235],{"id":1234},[693,39288,1239,39290,39292],{"id":39289},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39291,36943],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39294,39295,39296,39298],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39297,24147],{}," if needed.",[693,39300,39302,39303,39305],{"id":39301},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39304,36943],{}," need to return?",[20,39307,37250,39308,39310,39311,39313],{},[15,39309,987],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39312,3045],{}," to remove it.",[693,39315,27696,39317,39319],{"id":39316},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39318,36943],{}," without lambda?",[20,39321,39322],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[693,39324,4516,39326,39329],{"id":39325},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39327,39328],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39331,39332,39333,39335,39336,16441,39338,86],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39334,1491],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39337,730],{},[15,39339,3045],{},[693,39341,20787,39343,39345],{"id":39342},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39344,36943],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39347,39348,39349,39351],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39350,5334],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39353,39354],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[165,39356,39357,39363,39369],{},[168,39358,39359,39360,39362],{},"use ",[15,39361,36943],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[168,39364,39365,39366,39368],{},"use a ",[15,39367,5334],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[168,39370,39371],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39373,39374,39375,86],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[184,39376,4506],{"href":39377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,39379,1279],{"id":1278},[165,39381,39382,39387,39391,39396,39402],{},[168,39383,39384],{},[184,39385,39386],{"href":37822},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[168,39388,39389],{},[184,39390,4596],{"href":39377},[168,39392,39393],{},[184,39394,39395],{"href":38551},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[168,39397,39398],{},[184,39399,2945,39400,2878],{"href":39282},[15,39401,39085],{},[168,39403,39404],{},[184,39405,4591],{"href":4962},[1304,39407,39408],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":39410},[39411,39412,39414,39418,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39439,39451],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":37077,"depth":80,"text":39413},"What filter() does",{"id":37211,"depth":80,"text":37212,"children":39415},[39416,39417],{"id":37228,"depth":102,"text":37228},{"id":3091,"depth":102,"text":3091},{"id":37387,"depth":80,"text":37388,"children":39419},[39420],{"id":37558,"depth":102,"text":37559},{"id":37671,"depth":80,"text":39422},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37826,"depth":80,"text":39424},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":37988,"depth":80,"text":39426},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38168,"depth":80,"text":39428},"When to use filter()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":39430},[39431,39433,39435,39436,39437],{"id":38561,"depth":102,"text":39432},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38694,"depth":102,"text":39434},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38819,"depth":102,"text":38820},{"id":39004,"depth":102,"text":39005},{"id":39080,"depth":102,"text":39438},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":39440},[39441,39443,39445,39447,39449],{"id":39289,"depth":102,"text":39442},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39301,"depth":102,"text":39444},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39316,"depth":102,"text":39446},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39325,"depth":102,"text":39448},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39342,"depth":102,"text":39450},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":36935,"description":39452},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39459,"title":39460,"body":39461,"description":41613,"extension":1334,"meta":41614,"navigation":322,"path":41615,"seo":41616,"stem":41617,"__hash__":41618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39462,"toc":41567},[39463,39466,39471,39477,39479,39531,39533,39552,39557,39561,39566,39569,39584,39587,39609,39611,39660,39662,39686,39688,39690,39705,39710,39718,39733,39735,39744,39747,39782,39786,39791,39795,39802,39837,39839,39855,39859,39862,39903,39905,39919,39923,39926,39950,39952,39961,39964,39967,40000,40002,40015,40019,40025,40044,40046,40054,40058,40063,40067,40073,40096,40098,40127,40130,40149,40153,40156,40183,40185,40219,40223,40226,40250,40254,40265,40267,40272,40278,40280,40364,40366,40408,40411,40415,40422,40431,40487,40494,40503,40508,40512,40583,40585,40594,40598,40601,40645,40647,40656,40660,40666,40716,40720,40725,40729,40753,40755,40764,40768,40792,40794,40805,40809,40833,40835,40844,40847,40864,40870,40874,40880,40883,40888,40891,40912,40914,40946,40949,40954,40956,40967,40969,41013,41017,41024,41076,41078,41087,41091,41094,41187,41190,41214,41218,41221,41313,41318,41322,41329,41334,41358,41360,41369,41374,41397,41399,41407,41414,41437,41445,41447,41460,41470,41472,41476,41483,41487,41496,41500,41507,41511,41515,41519,41532,41534,41564],[10,39464,39460],{"id":39465},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39467,8501,39468,39470],{},[15,39469,2254],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39472,39473,39474,39476],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39475,2254],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,39478,33],{"id":32},[35,39480,39482],{"className":37,"code":39481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39483,39484,39498,39517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39485,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39487,106],{"class":105},[44,39489,93],{"class":58},[44,39491,1564],{"class":909},[44,39493,93],{"class":58},[44,39495,1508],{"class":62},[44,39497,973],{"class":58},[44,39499,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39513,39515],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39501,106],{"class":105},[44,39503,93],{"class":58},[44,39505,1564],{"class":909},[44,39507,93],{"class":58},[44,39509,279],{"class":278},[44,39511,39512],{"class":282},"3.14",[44,39514,279],{"class":278},[44,39516,973],{"class":58},[44,39518,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39520,106],{"class":105},[44,39522,93],{"class":58},[44,39524,1564],{"class":909},[44,39526,93],{"class":58},[44,39528,987],{"class":871},[44,39530,973],{"class":58},[20,39532,118],{},[35,39534,39536],{"className":37,"code":39535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39537,39538,39542,39547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39539,39540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39541,1850],{"class":62},[44,39543,39544],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39545,39546],{"class":62},"3.14\n",[44,39548,39549],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39550,39551],{"class":62},"1.0\n",[20,39553,148,39554,39556],{},[15,39555,2254],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,39558,39560],{"id":39559},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39562,39563,39565],{},[15,39564,2254],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39567,39568],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[165,39570,39571,39575,39579],{},[168,39572,39573],{},[15,39574,1862],{},[168,39576,39577],{},[15,39578,39512],{},[168,39580,39581],{},[15,39582,39583],{},"0.5",[20,39585,39586],{},"A few key points:",[165,39588,39589,39596,39599,39602],{},[168,39590,39591,39593,39594],{},[15,39592,2254],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39595,1564],{},[168,39597,39598],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[168,39600,39601],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[168,39603,39604,39605],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[184,39606,39607],{"href":7597},[15,39608,2328],{},[20,39610,894],{},[35,39612,39614],{"className":37,"code":39613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39615,39616,39636,39646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39617,39618,39620,39622,39625,39627,39629,39632,39634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39619,1589],{"class":50},[44,39621,55],{"class":54},[44,39623,39624],{"class":909}," float",[44,39626,93],{"class":58},[44,39628,279],{"class":278},[44,39630,39631],{"class":282},"2.75",[44,39633,279],{"class":278},[44,39635,99],{"class":58},[44,39637,39638,39640,39642,39644],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39639,106],{"class":105},[44,39641,93],{"class":58},[44,39643,1612],{"class":89},[44,39645,99],{"class":58},[44,39647,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39649,106],{"class":105},[44,39651,93],{"class":58},[44,39653,1090],{"class":909},[44,39655,93],{"class":58},[44,39657,1612],{"class":89},[44,39659,973],{"class":58},[20,39661,118],{},[35,39663,39665],{"className":37,"code":39664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39666,39667,39672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39668,39669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39670,39671],{"class":62},"2.75\n",[44,39673,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39675,2659],{"class":54},[44,39677,2662],{"class":1436},[44,39679,360],{"class":278},[44,39681,1564],{"class":282},[44,39683,351],{"class":278},[44,39685,2671],{"class":54},[30,39687,196],{"id":195},[20,39689,6595],{},[35,39691,39693],{"className":37,"code":39692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,39694,39695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39696,39697,39699,39701,39703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39698,1564],{"class":909},[44,39700,93],{"class":58},[44,39702,1188],{"class":89},[44,39704,99],{"class":58},[20,39706,39707,39708,86],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39709,2254],{},[20,39711,39712,39713,39715,39716,1084],{},"If you call ",[15,39714,2254],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39717,3139],{},[35,39719,39721],{"className":37,"code":39720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,39722,39723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39724,39725,39727,39729,39731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39726,106],{"class":105},[44,39728,93],{"class":58},[44,39730,1564],{"class":909},[44,39732,6571],{"class":58},[20,39734,118],{},[35,39736,39738],{"className":37,"code":39737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,39739,39740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39741,39742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39743,39737],{"class":62},[20,39745,39746],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,39748,39750],{"className":37,"code":39749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39751,39752,39772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39753,39754,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39768,39770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39755,39756],{"class":50},"price ",[44,39758,55],{"class":54},[44,39760,39624],{"class":909},[44,39762,93],{"class":58},[44,39764,279],{"class":278},[44,39766,39767],{"class":282},"19.99",[44,39769,279],{"class":278},[44,39771,99],{"class":58},[44,39773,39774,39776,39778,39780],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39775,106],{"class":105},[44,39777,93],{"class":58},[44,39779,24516],{"class":89},[44,39781,99],{"class":58},[30,39783,39785],{"id":39784},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39787,39788,39790],{},[15,39789,2254],{}," can convert several common value types.",[693,39792,39794],{"id":39793},"integers","Integers",[20,39796,39797,39798,39801],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39799,39800],{},".0"," added:",[35,39803,39805],{"className":37,"code":39804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39806,39807,39821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39808,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39810,106],{"class":105},[44,39812,93],{"class":58},[44,39814,1564],{"class":909},[44,39816,93],{"class":58},[44,39818,1508],{"class":62},[44,39820,973],{"class":58},[44,39822,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39824,106],{"class":105},[44,39826,93],{"class":58},[44,39828,1564],{"class":909},[44,39830,93],{"class":58},[44,39832,1393],{"class":54},[44,39834,472],{"class":62},[44,39836,973],{"class":58},[20,39838,118],{},[35,39840,39842],{"className":37,"code":39841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,39843,39844,39848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39845,39846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39847,1850],{"class":62},[44,39849,39850,39852],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39851,1393],{"class":54},[44,39853,39854],{"class":62},"2.0\n",[693,39856,39858],{"id":39857},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,39860,39861],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,39863,39865],{"className":37,"code":39864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,39866,39867,39885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39868,39869,39871,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39870,106],{"class":105},[44,39872,93],{"class":58},[44,39874,1564],{"class":909},[44,39876,93],{"class":58},[44,39878,279],{"class":278},[44,39880,39512],{"class":282},[44,39882,279],{"class":278},[44,39884,973],{"class":58},[44,39886,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39888,106],{"class":105},[44,39890,93],{"class":58},[44,39892,1564],{"class":909},[44,39894,93],{"class":58},[44,39896,279],{"class":278},[44,39898,931],{"class":282},[44,39900,279],{"class":278},[44,39902,973],{"class":58},[20,39904,118],{},[35,39906,39908],{"className":37,"code":39907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,39909,39910,39914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39911,39912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39913,39546],{"class":62},[44,39915,39916],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39917,39918],{"class":62},"10.0\n",[693,39920,39922],{"id":39921},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,39924,39925],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,39927,39929],{"className":37,"code":39928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,39930,39931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39932,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943,39946,39948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39934,106],{"class":105},[44,39936,93],{"class":58},[44,39938,1564],{"class":909},[44,39940,93],{"class":58},[44,39942,279],{"class":278},[44,39944,39945],{"class":282},"  8.5  ",[44,39947,279],{"class":278},[44,39949,973],{"class":58},[20,39951,118],{},[35,39953,39955],{"className":37,"code":39954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,39956,39957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39958,39959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39960,39954],{"class":62},[693,39962,254],{"id":39963},"booleans",[20,39965,39966],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,39968,39970],{"className":37,"code":39969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,39971,39972,39986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39973,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39975,106],{"class":105},[44,39977,93],{"class":58},[44,39979,1564],{"class":909},[44,39981,93],{"class":58},[44,39983,987],{"class":871},[44,39985,973],{"class":58},[44,39987,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,39989,106],{"class":105},[44,39991,93],{"class":58},[44,39993,1564],{"class":909},[44,39995,93],{"class":58},[44,39997,3045],{"class":871},[44,39999,973],{"class":58},[20,40001,118],{},[35,40003,40005],{"className":37,"code":40004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40006,40007,40011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40008,40009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40010,39551],{"class":62},[44,40012,40013],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40014,39737],{"class":62},[693,40016,40018],{"id":40017},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40020,40021,40022,40024],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40023,2254],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40026,40028],{"className":37,"code":40027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40029,40030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40031,40032,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40033,106],{"class":105},[44,40035,93],{"class":58},[44,40037,1564],{"class":909},[44,40039,93],{"class":58},[44,40041,1735],{"class":62},[44,40043,973],{"class":58},[20,40045,118],{},[35,40047,40048],{"className":37,"code":1759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40049,40050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40051,40052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40053,1759],{"class":62},[30,40055,40057],{"id":40056},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40059,40060,40061,86],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40062,2254],{},[693,40064,40066],{"id":40065},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40068,40069,40070,1084],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40071,40072],{},"ValueError",[35,40074,40076],{"className":37,"code":40075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40077,40078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40079,40080,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092,40094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40081,106],{"class":105},[44,40083,93],{"class":58},[44,40085,1564],{"class":909},[44,40087,93],{"class":58},[44,40089,279],{"class":278},[44,40091,948],{"class":282},[44,40093,279],{"class":278},[44,40095,973],{"class":58},[20,40097,1071],{},[35,40099,40101],{"className":37,"code":40100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40102,40103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40104,40105,40107,40109,40112,40114,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40106,40072],{"class":909},[44,40108,1084],{"class":58},[44,40110,40111],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40113,736],{"class":54},[44,40115,40116],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40118,1564],{"class":909},[44,40120,1084],{"class":58},[44,40122,360],{"class":278},[44,40124,948],{"class":282},[44,40126,1100],{"class":278},[20,40128,40129],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40131,40133],{"className":37,"code":40132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40134,40135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40136,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145,40147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40138,106],{"class":105},[44,40140,93],{"class":58},[44,40142,1564],{"class":909},[44,40144,93],{"class":58},[44,40146,5649],{"class":278},[44,40148,973],{"class":58},[693,40150,40152],{"id":40151},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40154,40155],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,40157,40159],{"className":37,"code":40158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40160,40161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40162,40163,40165,40167,40169,40171,40173,40175,40177,40179,40181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40164,106],{"class":105},[44,40166,93],{"class":58},[44,40168,1564],{"class":909},[44,40170,650],{"class":58},[44,40172,63],{"class":62},[44,40174,66],{"class":58},[44,40176,69],{"class":62},[44,40178,66],{"class":58},[44,40180,74],{"class":62},[44,40182,2368],{"class":58},[20,40184,1071],{},[35,40186,40188],{"className":37,"code":40187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40189,40190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40191,40192,40194,40196,40198,40200,40203,40206,40209,40211,40213,40215,40217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40193,1081],{"class":909},[44,40195,1084],{"class":58},[44,40197,39624],{"class":909},[44,40199,6743],{"class":58},[44,40201,40202],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,40204,40205],{"class":54},"or",[44,40207,40208],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,40210,66],{"class":58},[44,40212,7477],{"class":54},[44,40214,360],{"class":278},[44,40216,1097],{"class":282},[44,40218,1100],{"class":278},[693,40220,40222],{"id":40221},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40224,40225],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,40227,40229],{"className":37,"code":40228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40230,40231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40232,40233,40235,40237,40239,40241,40243,40246,40248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40234,106],{"class":105},[44,40236,93],{"class":58},[44,40238,1564],{"class":909},[44,40240,93],{"class":58},[44,40242,279],{"class":278},[44,40244,40245],{"class":282},"3,14",[44,40247,279],{"class":278},[44,40249,973],{"class":58},[20,40251,2371,40252,86],{},[15,40253,40072],{},[20,40255,40256,40257,3766,40261,86],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[184,40258,40260],{"href":40259},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[184,40262,40264],{"href":40263},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,40266,722],{"id":721},[20,40268,40269,40271],{},[15,40270,2254],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40273,40274,40275,40277],{},"It does ",[116,40276,736],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40279,894],{},[35,40281,40283],{"className":37,"code":40282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40284,40285,40298,40312,40316,40326,40336,40350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40286,40287,40289,40291,40293,40296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40288,34054],{"class":50},[44,40290,55],{"class":54},[44,40292,290],{"class":278},[44,40294,40295],{"class":282},"6.5",[44,40297,2727],{"class":278},[44,40299,40300,40302,40304,40306,40308,40310],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40301,1589],{"class":50},[44,40303,55],{"class":54},[44,40305,39624],{"class":909},[44,40307,93],{"class":58},[44,40309,34075],{"class":89},[44,40311,99],{"class":58},[44,40313,40314],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40315,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,40317,40318,40320,40322,40324],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,40319,106],{"class":105},[44,40321,93],{"class":58},[44,40323,34075],{"class":89},[44,40325,99],{"class":58},[44,40327,40328,40330,40332,40334],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,40329,106],{"class":105},[44,40331,93],{"class":58},[44,40333,1612],{"class":89},[44,40335,99],{"class":58},[44,40337,40338,40340,40342,40344,40346,40348],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,40339,106],{"class":105},[44,40341,93],{"class":58},[44,40343,1090],{"class":909},[44,40345,93],{"class":58},[44,40347,34075],{"class":89},[44,40349,973],{"class":58},[44,40351,40352,40354,40356,40358,40360,40362],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,40353,106],{"class":105},[44,40355,93],{"class":58},[44,40357,1090],{"class":909},[44,40359,93],{"class":58},[44,40361,1612],{"class":89},[44,40363,973],{"class":58},[20,40365,118],{},[35,40367,40369],{"className":37,"code":40368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40370,40371,40376,40380,40394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40372,40373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40374,40375],{"class":62},"6.5\n",[44,40377,40378],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40379,40375],{"class":62},[44,40381,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390,40392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40383,2659],{"class":54},[44,40385,2662],{"class":1436},[44,40387,360],{"class":278},[44,40389,2812],{"class":282},[44,40391,351],{"class":278},[44,40393,2671],{"class":54},[44,40395,40396,40398,40400,40402,40404,40406],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,40397,2659],{"class":54},[44,40399,2662],{"class":1436},[44,40401,360],{"class":278},[44,40403,1564],{"class":282},[44,40405,351],{"class":278},[44,40407,2671],{"class":54},[20,40409,40410],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,40412,40414],{"id":40413},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[693,40416,40418,40419,40421],{"id":40417},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40420,2328],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40423,1351,40424,40428,40429,86],{},[184,40425,40426,1676],{"href":7597},[15,40427,2328],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40430,2254],{},[35,40432,40434],{"className":37,"code":40433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40435,40436,40455,40469,40473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40437,40438,40440,40442,40444,40446,40448,40451,40453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40439,7615],{"class":50},[44,40441,55],{"class":54},[44,40443,7620],{"class":105},[44,40445,93],{"class":58},[44,40447,279],{"class":278},[44,40449,40450],{"class":282},"Enter a price: ",[44,40452,279],{"class":278},[44,40454,99],{"class":58},[44,40456,40457,40459,40461,40463,40465,40467],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40458,39756],{"class":50},[44,40460,55],{"class":54},[44,40462,39624],{"class":909},[44,40464,93],{"class":58},[44,40466,7644],{"class":89},[44,40468,99],{"class":58},[44,40470,40471],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40472,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,40474,40475,40477,40479,40481,40483,40485],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,40476,106],{"class":105},[44,40478,93],{"class":58},[44,40480,39756],{"class":89},[44,40482,39241],{"class":54},[44,40484,69],{"class":62},[44,40486,99],{"class":58},[20,40488,40489,40490,40493],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40491,40492],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,40495,40497],{"className":37,"code":40496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,40498,40499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40500,40501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40502,40496],{"class":62},[20,40504,40505,40506,86],{},"For more help with this, see ",[184,40507,8359],{"href":8358},[693,40509,40511],{"id":40510},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,40513,40515],{"className":37,"code":40514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40516,40517,40530,40543,40547,40572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40518,40519,40521,40523,40525,40528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40520,1925],{"class":50},[44,40522,55],{"class":54},[44,40524,290],{"class":278},[44,40526,40527],{"class":282},"2.5",[44,40529,2727],{"class":278},[44,40531,40532,40534,40536,40538,40541],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40533,1953],{"class":50},[44,40535,55],{"class":54},[44,40537,290],{"class":278},[44,40539,40540],{"class":282},"1.5",[44,40542,2727],{"class":278},[44,40544,40545],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40546,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,40548,40549,40552,40554,40556,40558,40560,40562,40564,40566,40568,40570],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,40550,40551],{"class":50},"total ",[44,40553,55],{"class":54},[44,40555,39624],{"class":909},[44,40557,93],{"class":58},[44,40559,184],{"class":89},[44,40561,3031],{"class":58},[44,40563,1826],{"class":54},[44,40565,39624],{"class":909},[44,40567,93],{"class":58},[44,40569,563],{"class":89},[44,40571,99],{"class":58},[44,40573,40574,40576,40578,40581],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,40575,106],{"class":105},[44,40577,93],{"class":58},[44,40579,40580],{"class":89},"total",[44,40582,99],{"class":58},[20,40584,118],{},[35,40586,40588],{"className":37,"code":40587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,40589,40590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40591,40592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40593,40587],{"class":62},[693,40595,40597],{"id":40596},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40599,40600],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,40602,40604],{"className":37,"code":40603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40605,40606,40616,40631,40635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40607,40608,40611,40613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40609,40610],{"class":50},"count ",[44,40612,55],{"class":54},[44,40614,40615],{"class":62}," 7\n",[44,40617,40618,40620,40622,40624,40626,40629],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40619,1602],{"class":50},[44,40621,55],{"class":54},[44,40623,39624],{"class":909},[44,40625,93],{"class":58},[44,40627,40628],{"class":89},"count",[44,40630,99],{"class":58},[44,40632,40633],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40634,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,40636,40637,40639,40641,40643],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,40638,106],{"class":105},[44,40640,93],{"class":58},[44,40642,1637],{"class":89},[44,40644,99],{"class":58},[20,40646,118],{},[35,40648,40650],{"className":37,"code":40649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,40651,40652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40653,40654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40655,40649],{"class":62},[693,40657,40659],{"id":40658},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40661,40662,40663,40665],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40664,2254],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,40667,40669],{"className":37,"code":40668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40670,40671,40685,40701,40705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40672,40673,40676,40678,40680,40683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40674,40675],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,40677,55],{"class":54},[44,40679,290],{"class":278},[44,40681,40682],{"class":282},"21.8",[44,40684,2727],{"class":278},[44,40686,40687,40690,40692,40694,40696,40699],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40688,40689],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,40691,55],{"class":54},[44,40693,39624],{"class":909},[44,40695,93],{"class":58},[44,40697,40698],{"class":89},"temperature_text",[44,40700,99],{"class":58},[44,40702,40703],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40704,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,40706,40707,40709,40711,40714],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,40708,106],{"class":105},[44,40710,93],{"class":58},[44,40712,40713],{"class":89},"temperature",[44,40715,99],{"class":58},[30,40717,40719],{"id":40718},"special-values","Special values",[20,40721,40722,40724],{},[15,40723,2254],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[693,40726,40728],{"id":40727},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,40730,40732],{"className":37,"code":40731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40733,40734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40735,40736,40738,40740,40742,40744,40746,40749,40751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40737,106],{"class":105},[44,40739,93],{"class":58},[44,40741,1564],{"class":909},[44,40743,93],{"class":58},[44,40745,279],{"class":278},[44,40747,40748],{"class":282},"inf",[44,40750,279],{"class":278},[44,40752,973],{"class":58},[20,40754,118],{},[35,40756,40758],{"className":37,"code":40757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,40759,40760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40761,40762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40763,40757],{"class":50},[693,40765,40767],{"id":40766},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,40769,40771],{"className":37,"code":40770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40772,40773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40774,40775,40777,40779,40781,40783,40785,40788,40790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40776,106],{"class":105},[44,40778,93],{"class":58},[44,40780,1564],{"class":909},[44,40782,93],{"class":58},[44,40784,279],{"class":278},[44,40786,40787],{"class":282},"-inf",[44,40789,279],{"class":278},[44,40791,973],{"class":58},[20,40793,118],{},[35,40795,40797],{"className":37,"code":40796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,40798,40799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40800,40801,40803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40802,1393],{"class":54},[44,40804,40757],{"class":50},[693,40806,40808],{"id":40807},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,40810,40812],{"className":37,"code":40811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40813,40814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40815,40816,40818,40820,40822,40824,40826,40829,40831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40817,106],{"class":105},[44,40819,93],{"class":58},[44,40821,1564],{"class":909},[44,40823,93],{"class":58},[44,40825,279],{"class":278},[44,40827,40828],{"class":282},"nan",[44,40830,279],{"class":278},[44,40832,973],{"class":58},[20,40834,118],{},[35,40836,40838],{"className":37,"code":40837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,40839,40840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40841,40842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40843,40837],{"class":50},[20,40845,40846],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[165,40848,40849,40854,40859],{},[168,40850,40851,40853],{},[15,40852,40748],{}," means positive infinity",[168,40855,40856,40858],{},[15,40857,40787],{}," means negative infinity",[168,40860,40861,40863],{},[15,40862,40828],{}," means “not a number”",[20,40865,40866,40867,40869],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,40868,2254],{}," accepts them.",[30,40871,40873],{"id":40872},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,40875,40876,40877,40879],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,40878,2254],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[693,40881,40072],{"id":40882},"valueerror",[20,40884,14559,40885,40887],{},[15,40886,40072],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,40889,40890],{},"Common causes:",[165,40892,40893,40899,40902,40905],{},[168,40894,40895,40896],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,40897,40898],{},"\"abc\"",[168,40900,40901],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[168,40903,40904],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[168,40906,4077,40907],{},[184,40908,40909,40911],{"href":7597},[15,40910,2328],{}," returns a string",[20,40913,894],{},[35,40915,40917],{"className":37,"code":40916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40918,40919,40932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40920,40921,40923,40925,40927,40930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40922,1819],{"class":50},[44,40924,55],{"class":54},[44,40926,290],{"class":278},[44,40928,40929],{"class":282},"abc",[44,40931,2727],{"class":278},[44,40933,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942,40944],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,40935,106],{"class":105},[44,40937,93],{"class":58},[44,40939,1564],{"class":909},[44,40941,93],{"class":58},[44,40943,1188],{"class":89},[44,40945,973],{"class":58},[693,40947,1081],{"id":40948},"typeerror",[20,40950,14559,40951,40953],{},[15,40952,1081],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,40955,40890],{},[165,40957,40958,40961,40964],{},[168,40959,40960],{},"Passing a list",[168,40962,40963],{},"Passing a dictionary",[168,40965,40966],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,40968,894],{},[35,40970,40972],{"className":37,"code":40971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40973,40974,40999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40975,40976,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986,40988,40990,40992,40995,40997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40977,1819],{"class":50},[44,40979,55],{"class":54},[44,40981,59],{"class":58},[44,40983,279],{"class":278},[44,40985,24516],{"class":282},[44,40987,279],{"class":278},[44,40989,1084],{"class":58},[44,40991,290],{"class":278},[44,40993,40994],{"class":282},"9.99",[44,40996,279],{"class":278},[44,40998,77],{"class":58},[44,41000,41001,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41002,106],{"class":105},[44,41004,93],{"class":58},[44,41006,1564],{"class":909},[44,41008,93],{"class":58},[44,41010,1188],{"class":89},[44,41012,973],{"class":58},[693,41014,41016],{"id":41015},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41018,41019,41020,41023],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41021,41022],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,41025,41027],{"className":37,"code":41026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41028,41029,41042,41057,41061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41030,41031,41033,41035,41037,41040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41032,1819],{"class":50},[44,41034,55],{"class":54},[44,41036,290],{"class":278},[44,41038,41039],{"class":282},"  7.25  ",[44,41041,2727],{"class":278},[44,41043,41044,41047,41049,41051,41053,41055],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41045,41046],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41048,55],{"class":54},[44,41050,7811],{"class":50},[44,41052,86],{"class":58},[44,41054,8012],{"class":89},[44,41056,913],{"class":58},[44,41058,41059],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41060,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,41062,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071,41074],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,41064,106],{"class":105},[44,41066,93],{"class":58},[44,41068,1564],{"class":909},[44,41070,93],{"class":58},[44,41072,41073],{"class":89},"clean_value",[44,41075,973],{"class":58},[20,41077,118],{},[35,41079,41081],{"className":37,"code":41080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41082,41083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41084,41085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41086,41080],{"class":62},[693,41088,41090],{"id":41089},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41092,41093],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41095,41097],{"className":37,"code":41096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41098,41099,41112,41116,41126,41140,41155,41159,41173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41100,41101,41103,41105,41107,41110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41102,1819],{"class":50},[44,41104,55],{"class":54},[44,41106,290],{"class":278},[44,41108,41109],{"class":282}," 3.5 ",[44,41111,2727],{"class":278},[44,41113,41114],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41115,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,41117,41118,41120,41122,41124],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41119,106],{"class":105},[44,41121,93],{"class":58},[44,41123,1188],{"class":89},[44,41125,99],{"class":58},[44,41127,41128,41130,41132,41134,41136,41138],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,41129,106],{"class":105},[44,41131,93],{"class":58},[44,41133,1090],{"class":909},[44,41135,93],{"class":58},[44,41137,1188],{"class":89},[44,41139,973],{"class":58},[44,41141,41142,41144,41146,41149,41151,41153],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,41143,106],{"class":105},[44,41145,93],{"class":58},[44,41147,41148],{"class":105},"repr",[44,41150,93],{"class":58},[44,41152,1188],{"class":89},[44,41154,973],{"class":58},[44,41156,41157],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,41158,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,41160,41161,41163,41165,41167,41169,41171],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,41162,41046],{"class":50},[44,41164,55],{"class":54},[44,41166,7811],{"class":50},[44,41168,86],{"class":58},[44,41170,8012],{"class":89},[44,41172,913],{"class":58},[44,41174,41175,41177,41179,41181,41183,41185],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,41176,106],{"class":105},[44,41178,93],{"class":58},[44,41180,1564],{"class":909},[44,41182,93],{"class":58},[44,41184,41073],{"class":89},[44,41186,973],{"class":58},[20,41188,41189],{},"Why this helps:",[165,41191,41192,41198,41203,41209],{},[168,41193,41194,41197],{},[15,41195,41196],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[168,41199,41200,20734],{},[15,41201,41202],{},"print(type(value))",[168,41204,41205,41208],{},[15,41206,41207],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[168,41210,41211,41213],{},[15,41212,41022],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[693,41215,41217],{"id":41216},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41219,41220],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,41222,41224],{"className":37,"code":41223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41225,41226,41245,41249,41255,41270,41289,41298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41227,41228,41230,41232,41234,41236,41238,41241,41243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41229,1819],{"class":50},[44,41231,55],{"class":54},[44,41233,7620],{"class":105},[44,41235,93],{"class":58},[44,41237,279],{"class":278},[44,41239,41240],{"class":282},"Enter a number: ",[44,41242,279],{"class":278},[44,41244,99],{"class":58},[44,41246,41247],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41248,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,41250,41251,41253],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41252,29170],{"class":3246},[44,41254,5770],{"class":58},[44,41256,41257,41260,41262,41264,41266,41268],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,41258,41259],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,41261,55],{"class":54},[44,41263,39624],{"class":909},[44,41265,93],{"class":58},[44,41267,1188],{"class":89},[44,41269,99],{"class":58},[44,41271,41272,41274,41276,41278,41281,41283,41285,41287],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,41273,7447],{"class":105},[44,41275,93],{"class":58},[44,41277,279],{"class":278},[44,41279,41280],{"class":282},"Converted:",[44,41282,279],{"class":278},[44,41284,66],{"class":58},[44,41286,1569],{"class":89},[44,41288,99],{"class":58},[44,41290,41291,41293,41296],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,41292,29201],{"class":3246},[44,41294,41295],{"class":909}," ValueError",[44,41297,5770],{"class":58},[44,41299,41300,41302,41304,41306,41309,41311],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,41301,7447],{"class":105},[44,41303,93],{"class":58},[44,41305,279],{"class":278},[44,41307,41308],{"class":282},"That is not a valid number.",[44,41310,279],{"class":278},[44,41312,99],{"class":58},[20,41314,41315,41316,86],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[184,41317,40264],{"href":40263},[30,41319,41321],{"id":41320},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41323,9966,41324,3766,41326,41328],{},[15,41325,2254],{},[15,41327,2248],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41330,41331,41333],{},[15,41332,2254],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,41335,41337],{"className":37,"code":41336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41338,41339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41340,41341,41343,41345,41347,41349,41351,41354,41356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41342,106],{"class":105},[44,41344,93],{"class":58},[44,41346,1564],{"class":909},[44,41348,93],{"class":58},[44,41350,279],{"class":278},[44,41352,41353],{"class":282},"3.9",[44,41355,279],{"class":278},[44,41357,973],{"class":58},[20,41359,118],{},[35,41361,41363],{"className":37,"code":41362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,41364,41365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41366,41367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41368,41362],{"class":62},[20,41370,41371,41373],{},[15,41372,2248],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,41375,41377],{"className":37,"code":41376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41378,41379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41380,41381,41383,41385,41387,41389,41391,41393,41395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41382,106],{"class":105},[44,41384,93],{"class":58},[44,41386,1560],{"class":909},[44,41388,93],{"class":58},[44,41390,279],{"class":278},[44,41392,931],{"class":282},[44,41394,279],{"class":278},[44,41396,973],{"class":58},[20,41398,118],{},[35,41400,41401],{"className":37,"code":1749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,41402,41403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41404,41405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41406,1749],{"class":62},[20,41408,41409,41410,41413],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41411,41412],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,41415,41417],{"className":37,"code":41416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41418,41419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41420,41421,41423,41425,41427,41429,41431,41433,41435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41422,106],{"class":105},[44,41424,93],{"class":58},[44,41426,1560],{"class":909},[44,41428,93],{"class":58},[44,41430,279],{"class":278},[44,41432,41353],{"class":282},[44,41434,279],{"class":278},[44,41436,973],{"class":58},[20,41438,2371,41439,7979,41441,41444],{},[15,41440,40072],{},[15,41442,41443],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41446,10089],{},[165,41448,41449,41455],{},[168,41450,41451,41454],{},[15,41452,41453],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[168,41456,41457,41459],{},[15,41458,41412],{}," fails",[20,41461,41462,41463,41466,41467,41469],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[184,41464,41465],{"href":2245},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[184,41468,1792],{"href":1791}," helpful.",[30,41471,1235],{"id":1234},[693,41473,41475],{"id":41474},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41477,41478,41479,188,41481,86],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41480,1862],{},[15,41482,39512],{},[693,41484,41486],{"id":41485},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41488,41489,41490,188,41493,86],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41491,41492],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41494,41495],{},"\"10\"",[693,41497,41499],{"id":41498},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41501,28429,41502,41504,41505,86],{},[15,41503,40898],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41506,40072],{},[693,41508,41510],{"id":41509},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41512,4522,41513,86],{},[15,41514,3139],{},[693,41516,41518],{"id":41517},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41520,41521,41522,41524,41525,3766,41528,41524,41530,86],{},"Yes. ",[15,41523,987],{}," becomes ",[15,41526,41527],{},"1.0",[15,41529,3045],{},[15,41531,3139],{},[30,41533,1279],{"id":1278},[165,41535,41536,41540,41546,41551,41555,41559],{},[168,41537,41538],{},[184,41539,41465],{"href":2245},[168,41541,41542],{},[184,41543,41545],{"href":41544},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[168,41547,41548],{},[184,41549,41550],{"href":40259},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[168,41552,41553],{},[184,41554,8436],{"href":8358},[168,41556,41557],{},[184,41558,40264],{"href":40263},[168,41560,41561],{},[184,41562,41563],{"href":7597},"Python input() Function Explained",[1304,41565,41566],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":41568},[41569,41570,41571,41572,41579,41584,41585,41592,41597,41604,41605,41612],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":39559,"depth":80,"text":39560},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":39784,"depth":80,"text":39785,"children":41573},[41574,41575,41576,41577,41578],{"id":39793,"depth":102,"text":39794},{"id":39857,"depth":102,"text":39858},{"id":39921,"depth":102,"text":39922},{"id":39963,"depth":102,"text":254},{"id":40017,"depth":102,"text":40018},{"id":40056,"depth":80,"text":40057,"children":41580},[41581,41582,41583],{"id":40065,"depth":102,"text":40066},{"id":40151,"depth":102,"text":40152},{"id":40221,"depth":102,"text":40222},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":40413,"depth":80,"text":40414,"children":41586},[41587,41589,41590,41591],{"id":40417,"depth":102,"text":41588},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40510,"depth":102,"text":40511},{"id":40596,"depth":102,"text":40597},{"id":40658,"depth":102,"text":40659},{"id":40718,"depth":80,"text":40719,"children":41593},[41594,41595,41596],{"id":40727,"depth":102,"text":40728},{"id":40766,"depth":102,"text":40767},{"id":40807,"depth":102,"text":40808},{"id":40872,"depth":80,"text":40873,"children":41598},[41599,41600,41601,41602,41603],{"id":40882,"depth":102,"text":40072},{"id":40948,"depth":102,"text":1081},{"id":41015,"depth":102,"text":41016},{"id":41089,"depth":102,"text":41090},{"id":41216,"depth":102,"text":41217},{"id":41320,"depth":80,"text":41321},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":41606},[41607,41608,41609,41610,41611],{"id":41474,"depth":102,"text":41475},{"id":41485,"depth":102,"text":41486},{"id":41498,"depth":102,"text":41499},{"id":41509,"depth":102,"text":41510},{"id":41517,"depth":102,"text":41518},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39460,"description":41613},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41620,"title":41621,"body":41622,"description":42843,"extension":1334,"meta":42844,"navigation":322,"path":34391,"seo":42845,"stem":42846,"__hash__":42847},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41623,"toc":42809},[41624,41627,41632,41635,41637,41676,41690,41694,41699,41702,41719,41722,41732,41747,41750,41752,41755,41771,41774,41777,41797,41801,41812,41815,41819,41823,41837,41872,41876,41887,41922,41925,41927,41935,41968,41984,41986,41996,42017,42028,42030,42035,42038,42052,42054,42073,42076,42089,42092,42096,42100,42114,42117,42135,42138,42153,42157,42162,42176,42182,42184,42241,42243,42276,42279,42295,42299,42306,42310,42315,42318,42329,42333,42338,42353,42362,42367,42386,42389,42401,42403,42408,42418,42421,42450,42455,42464,42468,42473,42476,42480,42485,42487,42517,42520,42527,42532,42537,42541,42544,42552,42555,42633,42636,42658,42660,42664,42667,42671,42677,42740,42744,42752,42756,42759,42761,42786,42806],[10,41625,41621],{"id":41626},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41628,2952,41629,41631],{},[15,41630,34394],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41633,41634],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,41636,33],{"id":32},[35,41638,41640],{"className":37,"code":41639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41641,41642,41652,41662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41643,41644,41646,41648,41650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41645,1209],{"class":105},[44,41647,93],{"class":58},[44,41649,10537],{"class":105},[44,41651,99],{"class":58},[44,41653,41654,41656,41658,41660],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41655,1209],{"class":105},[44,41657,93],{"class":58},[44,41659,2812],{"class":909},[44,41661,99],{"class":58},[44,41663,41664,41666,41668,41670,41672,41674],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41665,1209],{"class":105},[44,41667,93],{"class":58},[44,41669,351],{"class":278},[44,41671,34025],{"class":282},[44,41673,351],{"class":278},[44,41675,99],{"class":58},[20,41677,148,41678,41680,41681,188,41683,41685,41686,41689],{},[15,41679,34394],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41682,10537],{},[15,41684,2812],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41687,41688],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,41691,41693],{"id":41692},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41695,41696,41698],{},[15,41697,34394],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41700,41701],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[165,41703,41704,41707,41710,41713,41716],{},[168,41705,41706],{},"Functions",[168,41708,41709],{},"Classes",[168,41711,41712],{},"Methods",[168,41714,41715],{},"Modules",[168,41717,41718],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41720,41721],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41723,41724,41725,41731],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[184,41726,41728],{"href":41727},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41729,41730],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,41733,41735],{"className":37,"code":41734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,41736,41737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41738,41739,41741,41743,41745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41740,1209],{"class":105},[44,41742,93],{"class":58},[44,41744,10537],{"class":105},[44,41746,99],{"class":58},[20,41748,41749],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,41751,196],{"id":195},[20,41753,41754],{},"The main form is:",[35,41756,41758],{"className":37,"code":41757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,41759,41760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41761,41762,41764,41766,41769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41763,1209],{"class":105},[44,41765,93],{"class":58},[44,41767,41768],{"class":909},"object",[44,41770,99],{"class":58},[20,41772,41773],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41775,41776],{},"Common examples include:",[165,41778,41779,41783,41788,41792],{},[168,41780,41781],{},[15,41782,10537],{},[168,41784,41785],{},[15,41786,41787],{},"list.append",[168,41789,41790],{},[15,41791,2812],{},[168,41793,41794],{},[15,41795,41796],{},"open",[20,41798,6552,41799,6555],{},[15,41800,34394],{},[35,41802,41804],{"className":37,"code":41803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,41805,41806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41807,41808,41810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41809,1209],{"class":105},[44,41811,913],{"class":58},[20,41813,41814],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,41816,41818],{"id":41817},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[693,41820,41822],{"id":41821},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41824,41825,41826,1561,41828,1561,41830,16441,41833,86],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41827,10537],{},[15,41829,106],{},[15,41831,41832],{},"input",[184,41834,41835],{"href":1672},[15,41836,1675],{},[35,41838,41840],{"className":37,"code":41839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,41841,41842,41852,41862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41843,41844,41846,41848,41850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41845,1209],{"class":105},[44,41847,93],{"class":58},[44,41849,106],{"class":105},[44,41851,99],{"class":58},[44,41853,41854,41856,41858,41860],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41855,1209],{"class":105},[44,41857,93],{"class":58},[44,41859,41832],{"class":105},[44,41861,99],{"class":58},[44,41863,41864,41866,41868,41870],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41865,1209],{"class":105},[44,41867,93],{"class":58},[44,41869,1090],{"class":909},[44,41871,99],{"class":58},[693,41873,41875],{"id":41874},"data-types","Data types",[20,41877,41878,41879,1561,41881,1561,41883,16441,41885,86],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,41880,2812],{},[15,41882,1097],{},[15,41884,8199],{},[15,41886,1214],{},[35,41888,41890],{"className":37,"code":41889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,41891,41892,41902,41912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41893,41894,41896,41898,41900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41895,1209],{"class":105},[44,41897,93],{"class":58},[44,41899,2812],{"class":909},[44,41901,99],{"class":58},[44,41903,41904,41906,41908,41910],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41905,1209],{"class":105},[44,41907,93],{"class":58},[44,41909,1097],{"class":909},[44,41911,99],{"class":58},[44,41913,41914,41916,41918,41920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41915,1209],{"class":105},[44,41917,93],{"class":58},[44,41919,8199],{"class":909},[44,41921,99],{"class":58},[20,41923,41924],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[693,41926,41712],{"id":33872},[20,41928,41929,41930,3766,41933,86],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,41931,41932],{},"str.split",[15,41934,41787],{},[35,41936,41938],{"className":37,"code":41937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,41939,41940,41954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41941,41942,41944,41946,41948,41950,41952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41943,1209],{"class":105},[44,41945,93],{"class":58},[44,41947,2812],{"class":909},[44,41949,86],{"class":58},[44,41951,33835],{"class":1219},[44,41953,99],{"class":58},[44,41955,41956,41958,41960,41962,41964,41966],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,41957,1209],{"class":105},[44,41959,93],{"class":58},[44,41961,1097],{"class":909},[44,41963,86],{"class":58},[44,41965,12924],{"class":1219},[44,41967,99],{"class":58},[20,41969,41970,41971,8082,41973,27681,41978,41980,41981,41983],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,41972,34394],{},[184,41974,41976],{"href":41975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,41977,33677],{},[15,41979,33677],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,41982,34394],{}," explains one of them.",[693,41985,41715],{"id":34025},[20,41987,41988,41989,1561,41991,16441,41993,86],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,41990,17783],{},[15,41992,34557],{},[15,41994,41995],{},"os",[35,41997,41999],{"className":37,"code":41998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42000,42001,42007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42002,42003,42005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42004,34458],{"class":3246},[44,42006,34461],{"class":50},[44,42008,42009,42011,42013,42015],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42010,1209],{"class":105},[44,42012,93],{"class":58},[44,42014,17783],{"class":89},[44,42016,99],{"class":58},[20,42018,42019,42020,42024,42025,86],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[184,42021,42023],{"href":42022},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[184,42026,34524],{"href":42027},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,42029,34285],{"id":34284},[20,42031,42032,42034],{},[15,42033,34394],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42036,42037],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[165,42039,42040,42043,42046,42049],{},[168,42041,42042],{},"The function signature",[168,42044,42045],{},"The short description",[168,42047,42048],{},"Parameter names",[168,42050,42051],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42053,4848],{},[35,42055,42057],{"className":37,"code":42056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42058,42059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42060,42061,42063,42065,42067,42069,42071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42062,1209],{"class":105},[44,42064,93],{"class":58},[44,42066,2812],{"class":909},[44,42068,86],{"class":58},[44,42070,33835],{"class":1219},[44,42072,99],{"class":58},[20,42074,42075],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[165,42077,42078,42081,42084,42086],{},[168,42079,42080],{},"What object this is",[168,42082,42083],{},"What arguments it accepts",[168,42085,21337],{},[168,42087,42088],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42090,42091],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,42093,42095],{"id":42094},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42097,42098,29240],{},[15,42099,34394],{},[165,42101,42102,42105,42108,42111],{},[168,42103,42104],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[168,42106,42107],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[168,42109,42110],{},"You are exploring a new module",[168,42112,42113],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42115,42116],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42118,42119],{"className":37,"code":42056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42120,42121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42122,42123,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42124,1209],{"class":105},[44,42126,93],{"class":58},[44,42128,2812],{"class":909},[44,42130,86],{"class":58},[44,42132,33835],{"class":1219},[44,42134,99],{"class":58},[20,42136,42137],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,42139,42141],{"className":37,"code":42140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,42142,42143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42144,42145,42147,42149,42151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42146,1209],{"class":105},[44,42148,93],{"class":58},[44,42150,41796],{"class":105},[44,42152,99],{"class":58},[30,42154,42156],{"id":42155},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42158,42159,42161],{},[15,42160,34394],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[165,42163,42164,42167,42170,42173],{},[168,42165,42166],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[168,42168,42169],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[168,42171,42172],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[168,42174,42175],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42177,42178,42179,42181],{},"So, ",[15,42180,34394],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42183,4848],{},[35,42185,42187],{"className":37,"code":42186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42188,42189,42202,42226,42230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42190,42191,42193,42195,42197,42200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42192,34054],{"class":50},[44,42194,55],{"class":54},[44,42196,290],{"class":278},[44,42198,42199],{"class":282},"a,b,c",[44,42201,2727],{"class":278},[44,42203,42204,42207,42209,42212,42214,42216,42218,42220,42222,42224],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42205,42206],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,42208,55],{"class":54},[44,42210,42211],{"class":50}," text",[44,42213,86],{"class":58},[44,42215,33835],{"class":89},[44,42217,93],{"class":58},[44,42219,279],{"class":278},[44,42221,66],{"class":282},[44,42223,279],{"class":278},[44,42225,99],{"class":58},[44,42227,42228],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42229,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,42231,42232,42234,42236,42239],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,42233,106],{"class":105},[44,42235,93],{"class":58},[44,42237,42238],{"class":89},"parts",[44,42240,99],{"class":58},[20,42242,4935],{},[35,42244,42246],{"className":37,"code":42245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42247,42248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42249,42250,42252,42254,42256,42258,42260,42262,42264,42266,42268,42270,42272,42274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42251,3270],{"class":58},[44,42253,351],{"class":278},[44,42255,184],{"class":282},[44,42257,351],{"class":278},[44,42259,66],{"class":58},[44,42261,360],{"class":278},[44,42263,563],{"class":282},[44,42265,351],{"class":278},[44,42267,66],{"class":58},[44,42269,360],{"class":278},[44,42271,583],{"class":282},[44,42273,351],{"class":278},[44,42275,3005],{"class":58},[20,42277,42278],{},"A good workflow is:",[28081,42280,42281,42286,42289,42292],{},[168,42282,148,42283,42285],{},[15,42284,34394],{}," to inspect something",[168,42287,42288],{},"Write a tiny example",[168,42290,42291],{},"Check the result",[168,42293,42294],{},"Repeat",[30,42296,42298],{"id":42297},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42300,42301,3766,42303,42305],{},[15,42302,34394],{},[15,42304,33677],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[693,42307,42308],{"id":1209},[15,42309,34394],{},[20,42311,148,42312,42314],{},[15,42313,34394],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42316,42317],{},"It tells you:",[165,42319,42320,42323,42326],{},[168,42321,42322],{},"What something is",[168,42324,42325],{},"How to use it",[168,42327,42328],{},"What parameters it accepts",[693,42330,42331],{"id":33738},[15,42332,33677],{},[20,42334,148,42335,42337],{},[15,42336,33677],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,42339,42341],{"className":37,"code":42340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,42342,42343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42344,42345,42347,42349,42351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42346,33738],{"class":105},[44,42348,93],{"class":58},[44,42350,2812],{"class":909},[44,42352,99],{"class":58},[20,42354,42355,42356,1561,42358,16441,42360,86],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42357,33835],{},[15,42359,8012],{},[15,42361,8018],{},[20,42363,42364,42365,1084],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42366,34394],{},[35,42368,42370],{"className":37,"code":42369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42371,42372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42373,42374,42376,42378,42380,42382,42384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42375,1209],{"class":105},[44,42377,93],{"class":58},[44,42379,2812],{"class":909},[44,42381,86],{"class":58},[44,42383,8018],{"class":1219},[44,42385,99],{"class":58},[20,42387,42388],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[165,42390,42391,42396],{},[168,42392,148,42393,42395],{},[15,42394,33677],{}," to discover options",[168,42397,148,42398,42400],{},[15,42399,34394],{}," to understand one option",[30,42402,1113],{"id":1112},[20,42404,42405,42406,86],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42407,34394],{},[693,42409,1123,42411,42414,42415],{"id":42410},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42412,42413],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42416,42417],{},"help(len)",[20,42419,42420],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,42422,42424],{"className":37,"code":42423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42425,42426,42436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42427,42428,42430,42432,42434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42429,1209],{"class":105},[44,42431,93],{"class":58},[44,42433,10537],{"class":105},[44,42435,99],{"class":58},[44,42437,42438,42440,42442,42444,42446,42448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42439,1209],{"class":105},[44,42441,93],{"class":58},[44,42443,351],{"class":278},[44,42445,10537],{"class":282},[44,42447,351],{"class":278},[44,42449,99],{"class":58},[20,42451,42452,42454],{},[15,42453,42417],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42456,42457,42459,42460,42463],{},[15,42458,42413],{}," treats ",[15,42461,42462],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[693,42465,42467],{"id":42466},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42469,42470,42472],{},[15,42471,34394],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42474,42475],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[693,42477,42479],{"id":42478},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42481,39712,42482,42484],{},[15,42483,34394],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42486,894],{},[35,42488,42490],{"className":37,"code":42489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42491,42492,42502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42493,42494,42496,42498,42500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42495,1209],{"class":105},[44,42497,93],{"class":58},[44,42499,10537],{"class":105},[44,42501,99],{"class":58},[44,42503,42504,42506,42508,42510,42513,42515],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42505,106],{"class":105},[44,42507,93],{"class":58},[44,42509,279],{"class":278},[44,42511,42512],{"class":282},"Done",[44,42514,279],{"class":278},[44,42516,99],{"class":58},[20,42518,42519],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[693,42521,1138,42523,8082,42525],{"id":42522},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42524,34394],{},[15,42526,33677],{},[20,42528,42529,42530,86],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42531,33677],{},[20,42533,42534,42535,86],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42536,34394],{},[30,42538,42540],{"id":42539},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42542,42543],{},"Open Python:",[35,42545,42546],{"className":37,"code":34910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42547,42548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42549,42550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42551,34910],{"class":50},[20,42553,42554],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,42556,42558],{"className":37,"code":42557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42559,42560,42570,42584,42598,42608,42623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42561,42562,42564,42566,42568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42563,1209],{"class":105},[44,42565,93],{"class":58},[44,42567,10537],{"class":105},[44,42569,99],{"class":58},[44,42571,42572,42574,42576,42578,42580,42582],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42573,1209],{"class":105},[44,42575,93],{"class":58},[44,42577,2812],{"class":909},[44,42579,86],{"class":58},[44,42581,33835],{"class":1219},[44,42583,99],{"class":58},[44,42585,42586,42588,42590,42592,42594,42596],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42587,1209],{"class":105},[44,42589,93],{"class":58},[44,42591,1097],{"class":909},[44,42593,86],{"class":58},[44,42595,12924],{"class":1219},[44,42597,99],{"class":58},[44,42599,42600,42602,42604,42606],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,42601,1209],{"class":105},[44,42603,93],{"class":58},[44,42605,41796],{"class":105},[44,42607,99],{"class":58},[44,42609,42610,42612,42614,42616,42619,42621],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,42611,1209],{"class":105},[44,42613,93],{"class":58},[44,42615,351],{"class":278},[44,42617,42618],{"class":282},"keywords",[44,42620,351],{"class":278},[44,42622,99],{"class":58},[44,42624,42625,42627,42629,42631],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,42626,33738],{"class":105},[44,42628,93],{"class":58},[44,42630,2812],{"class":909},[44,42632,99],{"class":58},[20,42634,42635],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[165,42637,42638,42641,42644,42647,42650,42653],{},[168,42639,42640],{},"A built-in function",[168,42642,42643],{},"A string method",[168,42645,42646],{},"A list method",[168,42648,42649],{},"A built-in file function",[168,42651,42652],{},"A special help topic",[168,42654,14559,42655,42657],{},[15,42656,33677],{}," example for comparison",[30,42659,1235],{"id":1234},[693,42661,42663],{"id":42662},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42665,42666],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[693,42668,42670],{"id":42669},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42672,42673,42674,42676],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42675,34394],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,42678,42680],{"className":37,"code":42679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42681,42682,42694,42707,42726,42730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42683,42684,42686,42688,42690,42692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42685,34218],{"class":1436},[44,42687,34222],{"class":34221},[44,42689,93],{"class":58},[44,42691,7046],{"class":37030},[44,42693,7720],{"class":58},[44,42695,42696,42700,42704],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42697,42699],{"class":42698},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[44,42701,42703],{"class":42702},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[44,42705,42706],{"class":42698},"\"\"\"\n",[44,42708,42709,42711,42714,42717,42719,42721,42723],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42710,34229],{"class":3246},[44,42712,42713],{"class":1436}," f",[44,42715,42716],{"class":282},"\"Hello, ",[44,42718,128],{"class":62},[44,42720,7046],{"class":50},[44,42722,21670],{"class":62},[44,42724,42725],{"class":282},"!\"\n",[44,42727,42728],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,42729,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,42731,42732,42734,42736,42738],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,42733,1209],{"class":105},[44,42735,93],{"class":58},[44,42737,34264],{"class":89},[44,42739,99],{"class":58},[693,42741,42743],{"id":42742},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42745,42746,42748,42749,42751],{},[15,42747,42417],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42750,42413],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[693,42753,42755],{"id":42754},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42757,42758],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,42760,1279],{"id":1278},[165,42762,42763,42768,42772,42777,42782],{},[168,42764,42765],{},[184,42766,42767],{"href":41975},"Python dir() function explained",[168,42769,42770],{},[184,42771,7820],{"href":1672},[168,42773,42774],{},[184,42775,42776],{"href":41727},"Python len() function explained",[168,42778,42779],{},[184,42780,42781],{"href":42022},"How import works in Python",[168,42783,42784],{},[184,42785,34524],{"href":42027},[20,42787,42788,42789,42791,42792,1561,42794,16441,42796,42798,42799,188,42802,42805],{},"Try ",[15,42790,34394],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42793,10537],{},[15,42795,106],{},[15,42797,41832],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42800,42801],{},"dir(str)",[15,42803,42804],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1304,42807,42808],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":42810},[42811,42812,42813,42814,42820,42821,42822,42823,42827,42835,42836,42842],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":41692,"depth":80,"text":41693},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":41817,"depth":80,"text":41818,"children":42815},[42816,42817,42818,42819],{"id":41821,"depth":102,"text":41822},{"id":41874,"depth":102,"text":41875},{"id":33872,"depth":102,"text":41712},{"id":34025,"depth":102,"text":41715},{"id":34284,"depth":80,"text":34285},{"id":42094,"depth":80,"text":42095},{"id":42155,"depth":80,"text":42156},{"id":42297,"depth":80,"text":42298,"children":42824},[42825,42826],{"id":1209,"depth":102,"text":34394},{"id":33738,"depth":102,"text":33677},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":42828},[42829,42831,42832,42833],{"id":42410,"depth":102,"text":42830},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42466,"depth":102,"text":42467},{"id":42478,"depth":102,"text":42479},{"id":42522,"depth":102,"text":42834},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42539,"depth":80,"text":42540},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":42837},[42838,42839,42840,42841],{"id":42662,"depth":102,"text":42663},{"id":42669,"depth":102,"text":42670},{"id":42742,"depth":102,"text":42743},{"id":42754,"depth":102,"text":42755},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41621,"description":42843},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42849,"title":42850,"body":42851,"description":44213,"extension":1334,"meta":44214,"navigation":322,"path":44215,"seo":44216,"stem":44217,"__hash__":44218},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42852,"toc":44186},[42853,42859,42864,42870,42880,42939,42949,42960,42965,42971,42973,42991,42999,43001,43003,43018,43021,43032,43034,43125,43128,43132,43137,43158,43160,43271,43273,43300,43311,43315,43318,43401,43403,43411,43417,43423,43427,43430,43540,43542,43555,43558,43572,43580,43587,43592,43606,43612,43725,43727,43788,43791,43797,43803,43806,43828,43831,43901,43904,43936,43943,43945,43948,43966,43969,43981,43987,43989,43994,44020,44023,44095,44097,44103,44106,44112,44115,44121,44131,44137,44140,44147,44150,44152,44183],[10,42854,2945,42856,2949],{"id":42855},"python-id-function-explained",[15,42857,42858],{},"id()",[20,42860,31682,42861,42863],{},[15,42862,42858],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,42865,42866,42867,42869],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,42868,42858],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,42871,148,42872,42874,42875,42877,42878,86],{},[15,42873,42858],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[116,42876,736],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,42879,4061],{},[35,42881,42883],{"className":37,"code":42882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,42884,42885,42897,42911,42915,42925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42886,42887,42889,42891,42893,42895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42888,7254],{"class":50},[44,42890,55],{"class":54},[44,42892,290],{"class":278},[44,42894,6674],{"class":282},[44,42896,2727],{"class":278},[44,42898,42899,42901,42903,42905,42907,42909],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,42900,106],{"class":105},[44,42902,93],{"class":58},[44,42904,12022],{"class":105},[44,42906,93],{"class":58},[44,42908,7046],{"class":89},[44,42910,973],{"class":58},[44,42912,42913],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42914,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,42916,42917,42920,42922],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,42918,42919],{"class":50},"other ",[44,42921,55],{"class":54},[44,42923,42924],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,42926,42927,42929,42931,42933,42935,42937],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,42928,106],{"class":105},[44,42930,93],{"class":58},[44,42932,12022],{"class":105},[44,42934,93],{"class":58},[44,42936,30108],{"class":89},[44,42938,973],{"class":58},[20,42940,42941,42942,42945,42946,42948],{},"In this example, ",[15,42943,42944],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,42947,42858],{}," values match.",[42950,42951,42952],"blockquote",{},[20,42953,148,42954,42956,42957,42959],{},[15,42955,42858],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,42958,4061],{}," for value comparison.",[30,42961,155,42963,158],{"id":42962},"what-id-does",[15,42964,42858],{},[20,42966,42967,42970],{},[15,42968,42969],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,42972,12425],{},[165,42974,42975,42978,42985,42988],{},[168,42976,42977],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[168,42979,42980,42981,42984],{},"It shows ",[116,42982,42983],{},"object identity",", not object value",[168,42986,42987],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[168,42989,42990],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,42992,42993,42994,42998],{},"This is closely related to how ",[184,42995,42997],{"href":42996},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,43000,196],{"id":195},[20,43002,4810],{},[35,43004,43006],{"className":37,"code":43005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,43007,43008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43009,43010,43012,43014,43016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43011,12022],{"class":105},[44,43013,93],{"class":58},[44,43015,41768],{"class":909},[44,43017,99],{"class":58},[20,43019,43020],{},"Important details:",[165,43022,43023,43026,43029],{},[168,43024,43025],{},"It takes one argument",[168,43027,43028],{},"It returns an integer",[168,43030,43031],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43033,894],{},[35,43035,43037],{"className":37,"code":43036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43038,43039,43051,43059,43079,43083,43097,43111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43040,43041,43043,43045,43047,43049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43042,34054],{"class":50},[44,43044,55],{"class":54},[44,43046,290],{"class":278},[44,43048,948],{"class":282},[44,43050,2727],{"class":278},[44,43052,43053,43055,43057],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43054,1589],{"class":50},[44,43056,55],{"class":54},[44,43058,2140],{"class":62},[44,43060,43061,43063,43065,43067,43069,43071,43073,43075,43077],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43062,904],{"class":50},[44,43064,55],{"class":54},[44,43066,2992],{"class":58},[44,43068,63],{"class":62},[44,43070,66],{"class":58},[44,43072,69],{"class":62},[44,43074,66],{"class":58},[44,43076,74],{"class":62},[44,43078,3005],{"class":58},[44,43080,43081],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,43082,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,43084,43085,43087,43089,43091,43093,43095],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43086,106],{"class":105},[44,43088,93],{"class":58},[44,43090,12022],{"class":105},[44,43092,93],{"class":58},[44,43094,34075],{"class":89},[44,43096,973],{"class":58},[44,43098,43099,43101,43103,43105,43107,43109],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,43100,106],{"class":105},[44,43102,93],{"class":58},[44,43104,12022],{"class":105},[44,43106,93],{"class":58},[44,43108,1612],{"class":89},[44,43110,973],{"class":58},[44,43112,43113,43115,43117,43119,43121,43123],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,43114,106],{"class":105},[44,43116,93],{"class":58},[44,43118,12022],{"class":105},[44,43120,93],{"class":58},[44,43122,922],{"class":89},[44,43124,973],{"class":58},[20,43126,43127],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,43129,43131],{"id":43130},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43133,43134,43135,86],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43136,42858],{},[165,43138,43139,43146,43153],{},[168,43140,43141,43143,43144],{},[15,43142,4061],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[116,43145,1188],{},[168,43147,43148,43150,43151],{},[15,43149,11566],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[116,43152,41768],{},[168,43154,43155,43157],{},[15,43156,42858],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43159,894],{},[35,43161,43163],{"className":37,"code":43162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43164,43165,43185,43205,43209,43226,43243,43257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43166,43167,43169,43171,43173,43175,43177,43179,43181,43183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43168,1925],{"class":50},[44,43170,55],{"class":54},[44,43172,2992],{"class":58},[44,43174,63],{"class":62},[44,43176,66],{"class":58},[44,43178,69],{"class":62},[44,43180,66],{"class":58},[44,43182,74],{"class":62},[44,43184,3005],{"class":58},[44,43186,43187,43189,43191,43193,43195,43197,43199,43201,43203],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43188,1953],{"class":50},[44,43190,55],{"class":54},[44,43192,2992],{"class":58},[44,43194,63],{"class":62},[44,43196,66],{"class":58},[44,43198,69],{"class":62},[44,43200,66],{"class":58},[44,43202,74],{"class":62},[44,43204,3005],{"class":58},[44,43206,43207],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43208,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,43210,43211,43213,43215,43217,43219,43221,43223],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,43212,106],{"class":105},[44,43214,93],{"class":58},[44,43216,1925],{"class":89},[44,43218,4061],{"class":54},[44,43220,1930],{"class":89},[44,43222,3031],{"class":58},[44,43224,43225],{"class":3034},"   # True\n",[44,43227,43228,43230,43232,43234,43236,43238,43240],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43229,106],{"class":105},[44,43231,93],{"class":58},[44,43233,1925],{"class":89},[44,43235,11566],{"class":3246},[44,43237,1930],{"class":89},[44,43239,3031],{"class":58},[44,43241,43242],{"class":3034},"   # False\n",[44,43244,43245,43247,43249,43251,43253,43255],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,43246,106],{"class":105},[44,43248,93],{"class":58},[44,43250,12022],{"class":105},[44,43252,93],{"class":58},[44,43254,184],{"class":89},[44,43256,973],{"class":58},[44,43258,43259,43261,43263,43265,43267,43269],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,43260,106],{"class":105},[44,43262,93],{"class":58},[44,43264,12022],{"class":105},[44,43266,93],{"class":58},[44,43268,563],{"class":89},[44,43270,973],{"class":58},[20,43272,1550],{},[165,43274,43275,43283,43291],{},[168,43276,43277,4156,43280,43282],{},[15,43278,43279],{},"a == b",[15,43281,987],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[168,43284,43285,4156,43288,43290],{},[15,43286,43287],{},"a is b",[15,43289,3045],{}," because they are different list objects",[168,43292,43293,3766,43296,43299],{},[15,43294,43295],{},"id(a)",[15,43297,43298],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43301,43302,43303,3766,43307,86],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[184,43304,43306],{"href":43305},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[184,43308,43310],{"href":43309},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,43312,43314],{"id":43313},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43316,43317],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,43319,43321],{"className":37,"code":43320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43322,43323,43343,43353,43357,43371,43386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43324,43325,43327,43329,43331,43333,43335,43337,43339,43341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43326,51],{"class":50},[44,43328,55],{"class":54},[44,43330,2992],{"class":58},[44,43332,931],{"class":62},[44,43334,66],{"class":58},[44,43336,7168],{"class":62},[44,43338,66],{"class":58},[44,43340,7173],{"class":62},[44,43342,3005],{"class":58},[44,43344,43345,43348,43350],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43346,43347],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,43349,55],{"class":54},[44,43351,43352],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,43354,43355],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43356,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,43358,43359,43361,43363,43365,43367,43369],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,43360,106],{"class":105},[44,43362,93],{"class":58},[44,43364,12022],{"class":105},[44,43366,93],{"class":58},[44,43368,83],{"class":89},[44,43370,973],{"class":58},[44,43372,43373,43375,43377,43379,43381,43384],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43374,106],{"class":105},[44,43376,93],{"class":58},[44,43378,12022],{"class":105},[44,43380,93],{"class":58},[44,43382,43383],{"class":89},"other_numbers",[44,43385,973],{"class":58},[44,43387,43388,43390,43392,43394,43396,43399],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,43389,106],{"class":105},[44,43391,93],{"class":58},[44,43393,51],{"class":89},[44,43395,11566],{"class":3246},[44,43397,43398],{"class":89}," other_numbers",[44,43400,99],{"class":58},[20,43402,4935],{},[35,43404,43405],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43406,43407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43408,43409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43410,3350],{"class":871},[20,43412,43413,43414,43416],{},"The two ",[15,43415,42858],{}," values will also match.",[20,43418,21556,43419,43422],{},[15,43420,43421],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,43424,43426],{"id":43425},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43428,43429],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,43431,43433],{"className":37,"code":43432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43434,43435,43456,43477,43481,43496,43510,43525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43436,43437,43440,43442,43444,43446,43448,43450,43452,43454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43438,43439],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,43441,55],{"class":54},[44,43443,2992],{"class":58},[44,43445,63],{"class":62},[44,43447,66],{"class":58},[44,43449,69],{"class":62},[44,43451,66],{"class":58},[44,43453,74],{"class":62},[44,43455,3005],{"class":58},[44,43457,43458,43461,43463,43465,43467,43469,43471,43473,43475],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43459,43460],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,43462,55],{"class":54},[44,43464,2992],{"class":58},[44,43466,63],{"class":62},[44,43468,66],{"class":58},[44,43470,69],{"class":62},[44,43472,66],{"class":58},[44,43474,74],{"class":62},[44,43476,3005],{"class":58},[44,43478,43479],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43480,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,43482,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491,43494],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,43484,106],{"class":105},[44,43486,93],{"class":58},[44,43488,43439],{"class":89},[44,43490,4061],{"class":54},[44,43492,43493],{"class":89}," list_b",[44,43495,99],{"class":58},[44,43497,43498,43500,43502,43504,43506,43508],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43499,106],{"class":105},[44,43501,93],{"class":58},[44,43503,43439],{"class":89},[44,43505,11566],{"class":3246},[44,43507,43493],{"class":89},[44,43509,99],{"class":58},[44,43511,43512,43514,43516,43518,43520,43523],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,43513,106],{"class":105},[44,43515,93],{"class":58},[44,43517,12022],{"class":105},[44,43519,93],{"class":58},[44,43521,43522],{"class":89},"list_a",[44,43524,973],{"class":58},[44,43526,43527,43529,43531,43533,43535,43538],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,43528,106],{"class":105},[44,43530,93],{"class":58},[44,43532,12022],{"class":105},[44,43534,93],{"class":58},[44,43536,43537],{"class":89},"list_b",[44,43539,973],{"class":58},[20,43541,4935],{},[35,43543,43545],{"className":37,"code":43544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43546,43547,43551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43548,43549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43550,3350],{"class":871},[44,43552,43553],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43554,3411],{"class":871},[20,43556,43557],{},"What this means:",[165,43559,43560,43563,43566],{},[168,43561,43562],{},"The lists are equal in value",[168,43564,43565],{},"They are not the same object",[168,43567,43568,43569,43571],{},"Their ",[15,43570,42858],{}," values are usually different",[20,43573,43574,43575,43577,43578,86],{},"This is why ",[15,43576,42858],{}," should not replace ",[15,43579,4061],{},[30,43581,43583,43584,43586],{"id":43582},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43585,42858],{}," is useful",[20,43588,43589,43591],{},[15,43590,42858],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[165,43593,43594,43597,43600,43603],{},[168,43595,43596],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[168,43598,43599],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[168,43601,43602],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[168,43604,43605],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43607,43608,43609,43611],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43610,42858],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,43613,43615],{"className":37,"code":43614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43616,43617,43641,43650,43654,43673,43677,43687,43697,43711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43618,43619,43621,43623,43625,43627,43629,43631,43633,43635,43637,43639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43620,11458],{"class":50},[44,43622,55],{"class":54},[44,43624,2992],{"class":58},[44,43626,279],{"class":278},[44,43628,184],{"class":282},[44,43630,279],{"class":278},[44,43632,66],{"class":58},[44,43634,290],{"class":278},[44,43636,563],{"class":282},[44,43638,279],{"class":278},[44,43640,3005],{"class":58},[44,43642,43643,43646,43648],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43644,43645],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,43647,55],{"class":54},[44,43649,11496],{"class":50},[44,43651,43652],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43653,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,43655,43656,43659,43661,43663,43665,43667,43669,43671],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,43657,43658],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,43660,86],{"class":58},[44,43662,12924],{"class":89},[44,43664,93],{"class":58},[44,43666,279],{"class":278},[44,43668,583],{"class":282},[44,43670,279],{"class":278},[44,43672,99],{"class":58},[44,43674,43675],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43676,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,43678,43679,43681,43683,43685],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,43680,106],{"class":105},[44,43682,93],{"class":58},[44,43684,11505],{"class":89},[44,43686,99],{"class":58},[44,43688,43689,43691,43693,43695],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,43690,106],{"class":105},[44,43692,93],{"class":58},[44,43694,43658],{"class":89},[44,43696,99],{"class":58},[44,43698,43699,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,43700,106],{"class":105},[44,43702,93],{"class":58},[44,43704,12022],{"class":105},[44,43706,93],{"class":58},[44,43708,11505],{"class":89},[44,43710,973],{"class":58},[44,43712,43713,43715,43717,43719,43721,43723],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,43714,106],{"class":105},[44,43716,93],{"class":58},[44,43718,12022],{"class":105},[44,43720,93],{"class":58},[44,43722,43658],{"class":89},[44,43724,973],{"class":58},[20,43726,4935],{},[35,43728,43730],{"className":37,"code":43729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43731,43732,43760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43733,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742,43744,43746,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756,43758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43735,3270],{"class":58},[44,43737,351],{"class":278},[44,43739,184],{"class":282},[44,43741,351],{"class":278},[44,43743,66],{"class":58},[44,43745,360],{"class":278},[44,43747,563],{"class":282},[44,43749,351],{"class":278},[44,43751,66],{"class":58},[44,43753,360],{"class":278},[44,43755,583],{"class":282},[44,43757,351],{"class":278},[44,43759,3005],{"class":58},[44,43761,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784,43786],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43763,3270],{"class":58},[44,43765,351],{"class":278},[44,43767,184],{"class":282},[44,43769,351],{"class":278},[44,43771,66],{"class":58},[44,43773,360],{"class":278},[44,43775,563],{"class":282},[44,43777,351],{"class":278},[44,43779,66],{"class":58},[44,43781,360],{"class":278},[44,43783,583],{"class":282},[44,43785,351],{"class":278},[44,43787,3005],{"class":58},[20,43789,43790],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,43792,43794,43795],{"id":43793},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43796,42858],{},[20,43798,43799,43800,43802],{},"Do not use ",[15,43801,42858],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43804,43805],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[165,43807,43808,43814,43820,43823],{},[168,43809,43810,43811,43813],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43812,4061],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[168,43815,43816,43817,43819],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43818,42858],{}," values across program runs",[168,43821,43822],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[168,43824,43825,43826],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,43827,42858],{},[20,43829,43830],{},"Bad example:",[35,43832,43834],{"className":37,"code":43833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43835,43836,43848,43860,43864,43886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43837,43838,43840,43842,43844,43846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43839,1925],{"class":50},[44,43841,55],{"class":54},[44,43843,290],{"class":278},[44,43845,36415],{"class":282},[44,43847,2727],{"class":278},[44,43849,43850,43852,43854,43856,43858],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43851,1953],{"class":50},[44,43853,55],{"class":54},[44,43855,290],{"class":278},[44,43857,36415],{"class":282},[44,43859,2727],{"class":278},[44,43861,43862],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43863,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,43865,43866,43868,43870,43872,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882,43884],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,43867,6374],{"class":3246},[44,43869,14187],{"class":105},[44,43871,93],{"class":58},[44,43873,184],{"class":89},[44,43875,3031],{"class":58},[44,43877,5785],{"class":54},[44,43879,14187],{"class":105},[44,43881,93],{"class":58},[44,43883,563],{"class":89},[44,43885,7720],{"class":58},[44,43887,43888,43890,43892,43894,43897,43899],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43889,7447],{"class":105},[44,43891,93],{"class":58},[44,43893,279],{"class":278},[44,43895,43896],{"class":282},"The values are equal",[44,43898,279],{"class":278},[44,43900,99],{"class":58},[20,43902,43903],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,43905,43907],{"className":37,"code":43906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43908,43909,43922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43910,43911,43913,43916,43918,43920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43912,6374],{"class":3246},[44,43914,43915],{"class":50}," a ",[44,43917,4061],{"class":54},[44,43919,1930],{"class":50},[44,43921,5770],{"class":58},[44,43923,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,43925,7447],{"class":105},[44,43927,93],{"class":58},[44,43929,279],{"class":278},[44,43931,43896],{"class":282},[44,43933,279],{"class":278},[44,43935,99],{"class":58},[20,43937,148,43938,188,43940,43942],{},[15,43939,11566],{},[15,43941,42858],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,43944,20167],{"id":20166},[20,43946,43947],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[165,43949,43950,43953,43956,43961],{},[168,43951,43952],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[168,43954,43955],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[168,43957,43958,43959],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,43960,42858],{},[168,43962,43963,43964],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,43965,42858],{},[20,43967,43968],{},"The important rule is:",[165,43970,43971,43976],{},[168,43972,148,43973,43975],{},[15,43974,4061],{}," to check value",[168,43977,148,43978,43980],{},[15,43979,11566],{}," to check identity",[20,43982,43983,43984,43986],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,43985,42858],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,43988,1113],{"id":1112},[20,43990,43991,43992,1084],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,43993,42858],{},[165,43995,43996,44004,44007,44010,44015],{},[168,43997,1123,43998,44000,44001,44003],{},[15,43999,42858],{}," when ",[15,44002,4061],{}," should be used",[168,44005,44006],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[168,44008,44009],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[168,44011,44012,44013],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44014,42858],{},[168,44016,1123,44017,44019],{},[15,44018,42858],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44021,44022],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44024,44026],{"className":37,"code":44025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44027,44028,44043,44057,44071,44085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44029,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038,44041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44031,106],{"class":105},[44,44033,93],{"class":58},[44,44035,12022],{"class":105},[44,44037,93],{"class":58},[44,44039,44040],{"class":89},"my_object",[44,44042,973],{"class":58},[44,44044,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44046,106],{"class":105},[44,44048,93],{"class":58},[44,44050,1925],{"class":89},[44,44052,4061],{"class":54},[44,44054,1930],{"class":89},[44,44056,99],{"class":58},[44,44058,44059,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44060,106],{"class":105},[44,44062,93],{"class":58},[44,44064,1925],{"class":89},[44,44066,11566],{"class":3246},[44,44068,1930],{"class":89},[44,44070,99],{"class":58},[44,44072,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081,44083],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,44074,106],{"class":105},[44,44076,93],{"class":58},[44,44078,1090],{"class":909},[44,44080,93],{"class":58},[44,44082,44040],{"class":89},[44,44084,973],{"class":58},[44,44086,44087,44089,44091,44093],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,44088,1209],{"class":105},[44,44090,93],{"class":58},[44,44092,12022],{"class":105},[44,44094,99],{"class":58},[30,44096,1235],{"id":1234},[693,44098,44100,44101,12088],{"id":44099},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44102,42858],{},[20,44104,44105],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[693,44107,14274,44109,44111],{"id":44108},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44110,42858],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44113,44114],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[693,44116,20787,44118,44120],{"id":44117},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44119,42858],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44122,29636,44123,44125,44126,188,44128,44130],{},[15,44124,4061],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44127,42858],{},[15,44129,11566],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[693,44132,44134,44135,1863],{"id":44133},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44136,42858],{},[20,44138,44139],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[693,44141,44143,44144,44146],{"id":44142},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44145,42858],{}," values?",[20,44148,44149],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,44151,1279],{"id":1278},[165,44153,44154,44159,44164,44169,44177],{},[168,44155,44156],{},[184,44157,44158],{"href":42996},"Python variables explained for beginners",[168,44160,44161],{},[184,44162,44163],{"href":43305},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[168,44165,44166],{},[184,44167,44168],{"href":43309},"Python data types overview",[168,44170,44171],{},[184,44172,2945,44174,2878],{"href":44173},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44175,44176],{},"isinstance()",[168,44178,44179],{},[184,44180,44182],{"href":44181},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1304,44184,44185],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":44187},[44188,44190,44191,44192,44193,44194,44196,44198,44199,44200,44212],{"id":42962,"depth":80,"text":44189},"What id() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":43130,"depth":80,"text":43131},{"id":43313,"depth":80,"text":43314},{"id":43425,"depth":80,"text":43426},{"id":43582,"depth":80,"text":44195},"When id() is useful",{"id":43793,"depth":80,"text":44197},"When not to use id()",{"id":20166,"depth":80,"text":20167},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":44201},[44202,44204,44206,44208,44210],{"id":44099,"depth":102,"text":44203},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44108,"depth":102,"text":44205},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44117,"depth":102,"text":44207},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44133,"depth":102,"text":44209},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44142,"depth":102,"text":44211},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42850,"description":44213},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44220,"title":41563,"body":44221,"description":45861,"extension":1334,"meta":45862,"navigation":322,"path":45863,"seo":45864,"stem":45865,"__hash__":45866},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44222,"toc":45827},[44223,44228,44233,44236,44238,44281,44286,44289,44294,44299,44302,44318,44320,44364,44366,44393,44395,44410,44412,44414,44416,44432,44434,44446,44449,44483,44486,44511,44516,44518,44523,44527,44530,44532,44580,44582,44615,44621,44632,44634,44686,44688,44719,44721,44725,44729,44772,44778,44784,44836,44844,44849,44853,44944,44946,44979,44982,44984,45044,45046,45072,45082,45084,45088,45093,45098,45100,45137,45139,45158,45161,45165,45168,45224,45236,45245,45247,45274,45282,45289,45293,45296,45333,45336,45342,45379,45381,45385,45391,45409,45414,45462,45466,45555,45558,45565,45567,45569,45574,45592,45594,45637,45643,45660,45662,45724,45726,45728,45734,45742,45748,45754,45763,45773,45777,45785,45787,45789,45824],[10,44224,2945,44226,2949],{"id":44225},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44227,2328],{},[20,44229,1351,44230,44232],{},[15,44231,2328],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44234,44235],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,44237,33],{"id":32},[35,44239,44241],{"className":37,"code":44240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44242,44243,44262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44244,44245,44247,44249,44251,44253,44255,44258,44260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44246,7254],{"class":50},[44,44248,55],{"class":54},[44,44250,7620],{"class":105},[44,44252,93],{"class":58},[44,44254,279],{"class":278},[44,44256,44257],{"class":282},"Enter your name: ",[44,44259,279],{"class":278},[44,44261,99],{"class":58},[44,44263,44264,44266,44268,44270,44273,44275,44277,44279],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44265,106],{"class":105},[44,44267,93],{"class":58},[44,44269,279],{"class":278},[44,44271,44272],{"class":282},"Hello, ",[44,44274,279],{"class":278},[44,44276,1826],{"class":54},[44,44278,35360],{"class":89},[44,44280,99],{"class":58},[20,44282,148,44283,44285],{},[15,44284,2328],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44287,44288],"hr",{},[30,44290,155,44292,158],{"id":44291},"what-input-does",[15,44293,2328],{},[20,44295,44296,44298],{},[15,44297,2328],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44300,44301],{},"Here is what happens:",[165,44303,44304,44309,44312,44315],{},[168,44305,44306,44308],{},[15,44307,2328],{}," waits for the user to type",[168,44310,44311],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[168,44313,44314],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[168,44316,44317],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44319,894],{},[35,44321,44323],{"className":37,"code":44322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44324,44325,44345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44326,44327,44330,44332,44334,44336,44338,44341,44343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44328,44329],{"class":50},"color ",[44,44331,55],{"class":54},[44,44333,7620],{"class":105},[44,44335,93],{"class":58},[44,44337,279],{"class":278},[44,44339,44340],{"class":282},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,44342,279],{"class":278},[44,44344,99],{"class":58},[44,44346,44347,44349,44351,44353,44356,44358,44360,44362],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44348,106],{"class":105},[44,44350,93],{"class":58},[44,44352,279],{"class":278},[44,44354,44355],{"class":282},"Your favorite color is",[44,44357,279],{"class":278},[44,44359,66],{"class":58},[44,44361,35219],{"class":89},[44,44363,99],{"class":58},[20,44365,339],{},[35,44367,44369],{"className":37,"code":44368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44370,44371,44384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44372,44373,44375,44377,44380,44382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44374,155],{"class":50},[44,44376,11566],{"class":54},[44,44378,44379],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,44381,1863],{"class":36734},[44,44383,35249],{"class":50},[44,44385,44386,44389,44391],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44387,44388],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,44390,11566],{"class":54},[44,44392,35249],{"class":50},[20,44394,19323],{},[165,44396,44397,44402,44407],{},[168,44398,44399,44400],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44401,44340],{},[168,44403,44404,44405],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44406,32256],{},[168,44408,44409],{},"That value is then printed",[44287,44411],{},[30,44413,196],{"id":195},[20,44415,6595],{},[35,44417,44419],{"className":37,"code":44418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44420,44421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44422,44423,44425,44427,44430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44424,41832],{"class":105},[44,44426,93],{"class":58},[44,44428,44429],{"class":89},"prompt",[44,44431,99],{"class":58},[20,44433,220],{},[165,44435,44436,44440,44443],{},[168,44437,1351,44438,19405],{},[15,44439,44429],{},[168,44441,44442],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[168,44444,44445],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44447,44448],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,44450,44452],{"className":37,"code":44451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44453,44454,44473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44455,44456,44458,44460,44462,44464,44466,44469,44471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44457,7339],{"class":50},[44,44459,55],{"class":54},[44,44461,7620],{"class":105},[44,44463,93],{"class":58},[44,44465,279],{"class":278},[44,44467,44468],{"class":282},"Enter your username: ",[44,44470,279],{"class":278},[44,44472,99],{"class":58},[44,44474,44475,44477,44479,44481],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44476,106],{"class":105},[44,44478,93],{"class":58},[44,44480,7363],{"class":89},[44,44482,99],{"class":58},[20,44484,44485],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,44487,44489],{"className":37,"code":44488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44490,44491,44501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44492,44493,44495,44497,44499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44494,1819],{"class":50},[44,44496,55],{"class":54},[44,44498,7620],{"class":105},[44,44500,913],{"class":58},[44,44502,44503,44505,44507,44509],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44504,106],{"class":105},[44,44506,93],{"class":58},[44,44508,1188],{"class":89},[44,44510,99],{"class":58},[20,44512,7141,44513,44515],{},[15,44514,2328],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44287,44517],{},[30,44519,155,44521,11078],{"id":44520},"what-input-returns",[15,44522,2328],{},[20,44524,44525,7603],{},[15,44526,2328],{},[20,44528,44529],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44531,894],{},[35,44533,44535],{"className":37,"code":44534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44536,44537,44556,44566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44538,44539,44541,44543,44545,44547,44549,44552,44554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44540,20995],{"class":50},[44,44542,55],{"class":54},[44,44544,7620],{"class":105},[44,44546,93],{"class":58},[44,44548,279],{"class":278},[44,44550,44551],{"class":282},"Enter your age: ",[44,44553,279],{"class":278},[44,44555,99],{"class":58},[44,44557,44558,44560,44562,44564],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44559,106],{"class":105},[44,44561,93],{"class":58},[44,44563,8677],{"class":89},[44,44565,99],{"class":58},[44,44567,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576,44578],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44569,106],{"class":105},[44,44571,93],{"class":58},[44,44573,1090],{"class":909},[44,44575,93],{"class":58},[44,44577,8677],{"class":89},[44,44579,973],{"class":58},[20,44581,339],{},[35,44583,44585],{"className":37,"code":44584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44586,44587,44597,44601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44588,44589,44592,44594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44590,44591],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,44593,1084],{"class":58},[44,44595,44596],{"class":62}," 25\n",[44,44598,44599],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44600,2080],{"class":62},[44,44602,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44604,2659],{"class":54},[44,44606,2662],{"class":1436},[44,44608,360],{"class":278},[44,44610,2812],{"class":282},[44,44612,351],{"class":278},[44,44614,2671],{"class":54},[20,44616,44617,44618,44620],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44619,8572],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44622,44623,44624,188,44628,86],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[184,44625,44626],{"href":2245},[15,44627,2248],{},[184,44629,44630],{"href":2251},[15,44631,2254],{},[20,44633,894],{},[35,44635,44637],{"className":37,"code":44636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44638,44639,44662,44672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44640,44641,44643,44645,44648,44650,44652,44654,44656,44658,44660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44642,20995],{"class":50},[44,44644,55],{"class":54},[44,44646,44647],{"class":909}," int",[44,44649,93],{"class":58},[44,44651,41832],{"class":105},[44,44653,93],{"class":58},[44,44655,279],{"class":278},[44,44657,44551],{"class":282},[44,44659,279],{"class":278},[44,44661,973],{"class":58},[44,44663,44664,44666,44668,44670],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44665,106],{"class":105},[44,44667,93],{"class":58},[44,44669,8677],{"class":89},[44,44671,99],{"class":58},[44,44673,44674,44676,44678,44680,44682,44684],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44675,106],{"class":105},[44,44677,93],{"class":58},[44,44679,1090],{"class":909},[44,44681,93],{"class":58},[44,44683,8677],{"class":89},[44,44685,973],{"class":58},[20,44687,339],{},[35,44689,44691],{"className":37,"code":44690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44692,44693,44701,44705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44694,44695,44697,44699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44696,44591],{"class":50},[44,44698,1084],{"class":58},[44,44700,44596],{"class":62},[44,44702,44703],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44704,2080],{"class":62},[44,44706,44707,44709,44711,44713,44715,44717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44708,2659],{"class":54},[44,44710,2662],{"class":1436},[44,44712,360],{"class":278},[44,44714,1560],{"class":282},[44,44716,351],{"class":278},[44,44718,2671],{"class":54},[44287,44720],{},[30,44722,44724],{"id":44723},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[693,44726,44728],{"id":44727},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,44730,44732],{"className":37,"code":44731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44733,44734,44753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44735,44736,44738,44740,44742,44744,44746,44749,44751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44737,7254],{"class":50},[44,44739,55],{"class":54},[44,44741,7620],{"class":105},[44,44743,93],{"class":58},[44,44745,279],{"class":278},[44,44747,44748],{"class":282},"What is your name? ",[44,44750,279],{"class":278},[44,44752,99],{"class":58},[44,44754,44755,44757,44759,44761,44764,44766,44768,44770],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44756,106],{"class":105},[44,44758,93],{"class":58},[44,44760,279],{"class":278},[44,44762,44763],{"class":282},"Hello,",[44,44765,279],{"class":278},[44,44767,66],{"class":58},[44,44769,35360],{"class":89},[44,44771,99],{"class":58},[20,44773,44774,44775,44777],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44776,7046],{}," and prints it.",[693,44779,44781,44782],{"id":44780},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44783,2248],{},[35,44785,44787],{"className":37,"code":44786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44788,44789,44812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44790,44791,44793,44795,44797,44799,44801,44803,44805,44808,44810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44792,20995],{"class":50},[44,44794,55],{"class":54},[44,44796,44647],{"class":909},[44,44798,93],{"class":58},[44,44800,41832],{"class":105},[44,44802,93],{"class":58},[44,44804,279],{"class":278},[44,44806,44807],{"class":282},"How old are you? ",[44,44809,279],{"class":278},[44,44811,973],{"class":58},[44,44813,44814,44816,44818,44820,44823,44825,44827,44830,44832,44834],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44815,106],{"class":105},[44,44817,93],{"class":58},[44,44819,279],{"class":278},[44,44821,44822],{"class":282},"Next year you will be",[44,44824,279],{"class":278},[44,44826,66],{"class":58},[44,44828,44829],{"class":89}," age ",[44,44831,1430],{"class":54},[44,44833,4874],{"class":62},[44,44835,99],{"class":58},[20,44837,5437,44838,44840,44841,44843],{},[15,44839,2248],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44842,2328],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44845,44846,44847,86],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[184,44848,8359],{"href":8358},[693,44850,44852],{"id":44851},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,44854,44856],{"className":37,"code":44855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44857,44858,44882,44906,44920,44924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44859,44860,44863,44865,44867,44869,44871,44873,44875,44878,44880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44861,44862],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,44864,55],{"class":54},[44,44866,44647],{"class":909},[44,44868,93],{"class":58},[44,44870,41832],{"class":105},[44,44872,93],{"class":58},[44,44874,279],{"class":278},[44,44876,44877],{"class":282},"Enter the first number: ",[44,44879,279],{"class":278},[44,44881,973],{"class":58},[44,44883,44884,44887,44889,44891,44893,44895,44897,44899,44902,44904],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44885,44886],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,44888,55],{"class":54},[44,44890,44647],{"class":909},[44,44892,93],{"class":58},[44,44894,41832],{"class":105},[44,44896,93],{"class":58},[44,44898,279],{"class":278},[44,44900,44901],{"class":282},"Enter the second number: ",[44,44903,279],{"class":278},[44,44905,973],{"class":58},[44,44907,44908,44910,44912,44915,44917],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44909,40551],{"class":50},[44,44911,55],{"class":54},[44,44913,44914],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,44916,1430],{"class":54},[44,44918,44919],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,44921,44922],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,44923,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,44925,44926,44928,44930,44932,44935,44937,44939,44942],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,44927,106],{"class":105},[44,44929,93],{"class":58},[44,44931,279],{"class":278},[44,44933,44934],{"class":282},"Total:",[44,44936,279],{"class":278},[44,44938,66],{"class":58},[44,44940,44941],{"class":89}," total",[44,44943,99],{"class":58},[20,44945,339],{},[35,44947,44949],{"className":37,"code":44948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,44950,44951,44961,44970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44952,44953,44956,44958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44954,44955],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,44957,1084],{"class":58},[44,44959,44960],{"class":62}," 2\n",[44,44962,44963,44966,44968],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,44964,44965],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,44967,1084],{"class":58},[44,44969,1948],{"class":62},[44,44971,44972,44975,44977],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44973,44974],{"class":50},"Total",[44,44976,1084],{"class":58},[44,44978,34209],{"class":62},[20,44980,44981],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,44983,894],{},[35,44985,44987],{"className":37,"code":44986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,44988,44989,45007,45025,45029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44990,44991,44993,44995,44997,44999,45001,45003,45005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44992,44862],{"class":50},[44,44994,55],{"class":54},[44,44996,7620],{"class":105},[44,44998,93],{"class":58},[44,45000,279],{"class":278},[44,45002,44877],{"class":282},[44,45004,279],{"class":278},[44,45006,99],{"class":58},[44,45008,45009,45011,45013,45015,45017,45019,45021,45023],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45010,44886],{"class":50},[44,45012,55],{"class":54},[44,45014,7620],{"class":105},[44,45016,93],{"class":58},[44,45018,279],{"class":278},[44,45020,44901],{"class":282},[44,45022,279],{"class":278},[44,45024,99],{"class":58},[44,45026,45027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45028,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,45030,45031,45033,45035,45037,45039,45042],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,45032,106],{"class":105},[44,45034,93],{"class":58},[44,45036,44862],{"class":89},[44,45038,1430],{"class":54},[44,45040,45041],{"class":89}," num2",[44,45043,99],{"class":58},[20,45045,339],{},[35,45047,45049],{"className":37,"code":45048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45050,45051,45059,45067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45052,45053,45055,45057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45054,44955],{"class":50},[44,45056,1084],{"class":58},[44,45058,44960],{"class":62},[44,45060,45061,45063,45065],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45062,44965],{"class":50},[44,45064,1084],{"class":58},[44,45066,1948],{"class":62},[44,45068,45069],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45070,45071],{"class":62},"23\n",[20,45073,45074,45075,45078,45079,86],{},"That happens because ",[15,45076,45077],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45080,45081],{},"\"23\"",[44287,45083],{},[30,45085,45087],{"id":45086},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45089,45090,45091,86],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45092,2328],{},[693,45094,4077,45096,40911],{"id":45095},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45097,2328],{},[20,45099,38567],{},[35,45101,45103],{"className":37,"code":45102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45104,45105,45123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45106,45107,45109,45111,45113,45115,45117,45119,45121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45108,1819],{"class":50},[44,45110,55],{"class":54},[44,45112,7620],{"class":105},[44,45114,93],{"class":58},[44,45116,279],{"class":278},[44,45118,41240],{"class":282},[44,45120,279],{"class":278},[44,45122,99],{"class":58},[44,45124,45125,45127,45129,45131,45133,45135],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45126,106],{"class":105},[44,45128,93],{"class":58},[44,45130,1090],{"class":909},[44,45132,93],{"class":58},[44,45134,1188],{"class":89},[44,45136,973],{"class":58},[20,45138,118],{},[35,45140,45142],{"className":37,"code":45141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45143,45144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45145,45146,45148,45150,45152,45154,45156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45147,2659],{"class":54},[44,45149,2662],{"class":1436},[44,45151,360],{"class":278},[44,45153,2812],{"class":282},[44,45155,351],{"class":278},[44,45157,2671],{"class":54},[20,45159,45160],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[693,45162,45164],{"id":45163},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45166,45167],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,45169,45171],{"className":37,"code":45170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45172,45173,45191,45210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45174,45175,45177,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45176,1925],{"class":50},[44,45178,55],{"class":54},[44,45180,7620],{"class":105},[44,45182,93],{"class":58},[44,45184,279],{"class":278},[44,45186,41240],{"class":282},[44,45188,279],{"class":278},[44,45190,99],{"class":58},[44,45192,45193,45195,45197,45199,45201,45203,45206,45208],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45194,1953],{"class":50},[44,45196,55],{"class":54},[44,45198,7620],{"class":105},[44,45200,93],{"class":58},[44,45202,279],{"class":278},[44,45204,45205],{"class":282},"Enter another number: ",[44,45207,279],{"class":278},[44,45209,99],{"class":58},[44,45211,45212,45214,45216,45218,45220,45222],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45213,106],{"class":105},[44,45215,93],{"class":58},[44,45217,1925],{"class":89},[44,45219,1430],{"class":54},[44,45221,1930],{"class":89},[44,45223,99],{"class":58},[20,45225,40489,45226,3766,45228,45230,45231,18329,45234,86],{},[15,45227,96],{},[15,45229,1508],{},", the result is ",[15,45232,45233],{},"45",[15,45235,1516],{},[693,45237,45239,45240,45242,45243],{"id":45238},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45241,40072],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45244,2248],{},[20,45246,894],{},[35,45248,45250],{"className":37,"code":45249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45251,45252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45253,45254,45256,45258,45260,45262,45264,45266,45268,45270,45272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45255,20995],{"class":50},[44,45257,55],{"class":54},[44,45259,44647],{"class":909},[44,45261,93],{"class":58},[44,45263,41832],{"class":105},[44,45265,93],{"class":58},[44,45267,279],{"class":278},[44,45269,44551],{"class":282},[44,45271,279],{"class":278},[44,45273,973],{"class":58},[20,45275,7649,45276,45279,45280,86],{},[15,45277,45278],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45281,40072],{},[20,45283,45284,45285,86],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[184,45286,45288],{"href":45287},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[693,45290,45292],{"id":45291},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45294,45295],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,45297,45299],{"className":37,"code":45298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45300,45301,45319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45302,45303,45305,45307,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45304,7254],{"class":50},[44,45306,55],{"class":54},[44,45308,7620],{"class":105},[44,45310,93],{"class":58},[44,45312,279],{"class":278},[44,45314,44257],{"class":282},[44,45316,279],{"class":278},[44,45318,99],{"class":58},[44,45320,45321,45323,45325,45327,45329,45331],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45322,106],{"class":105},[44,45324,93],{"class":58},[44,45326,41148],{"class":105},[44,45328,93],{"class":58},[44,45330,7046],{"class":89},[44,45332,973],{"class":58},[20,45334,45335],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45337,45338,45339,1084],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45340,45341],{},".strip()",[35,45343,45345],{"className":37,"code":45344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45346,45347,45369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45348,45349,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359,45361,45363,45365,45367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45350,7254],{"class":50},[44,45352,55],{"class":54},[44,45354,7620],{"class":105},[44,45356,93],{"class":58},[44,45358,279],{"class":278},[44,45360,44257],{"class":282},[44,45362,279],{"class":278},[44,45364,8009],{"class":58},[44,45366,8012],{"class":89},[44,45368,913],{"class":58},[44,45370,45371,45373,45375,45377],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45372,106],{"class":105},[44,45374,93],{"class":58},[44,45376,7046],{"class":89},[44,45378,99],{"class":58},[44287,45380],{},[30,45382,45384],{"id":45383},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45386,45387,45388,45390],{},"These habits make ",[15,45389,2328],{}," easier and safer to use.",[165,45392,45393,45396,45401,45404],{},[168,45394,45395],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[168,45397,148,45398,45400],{},[15,45399,45341],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[168,45402,45403],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[168,45405,148,45406,45408],{},[15,45407,29148],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45410,45411,45412,1084],{},"Example with ",[15,45413,45341],{},[35,45415,45417],{"className":37,"code":45416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45418,45419,45443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45420,45421,45424,45426,45428,45430,45432,45435,45437,45439,45441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45422,45423],{"class":50},"city ",[44,45425,55],{"class":54},[44,45427,7620],{"class":105},[44,45429,93],{"class":58},[44,45431,279],{"class":278},[44,45433,45434],{"class":282},"Enter your city: ",[44,45436,279],{"class":278},[44,45438,8009],{"class":58},[44,45440,8012],{"class":89},[44,45442,913],{"class":58},[44,45444,45445,45447,45449,45451,45454,45456,45458,45460],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45446,106],{"class":105},[44,45448,93],{"class":58},[44,45450,279],{"class":278},[44,45452,45453],{"class":282},"City:",[44,45455,279],{"class":278},[44,45457,66],{"class":58},[44,45459,30750],{"class":89},[44,45461,99],{"class":58},[20,45463,45411,45464,1084],{},[15,45465,29148],{},[35,45467,45469],{"className":37,"code":45468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45470,45471,45477,45500,45532,45540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45472,45473,45475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45474,29170],{"class":3246},[44,45476,5770],{"class":58},[44,45478,45479,45482,45484,45486,45488,45490,45492,45494,45496,45498],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45480,45481],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,45483,55],{"class":54},[44,45485,44647],{"class":909},[44,45487,93],{"class":58},[44,45489,41832],{"class":105},[44,45491,93],{"class":58},[44,45493,279],{"class":278},[44,45495,44551],{"class":282},[44,45497,279],{"class":278},[44,45499,973],{"class":58},[44,45501,45502,45504,45506,45508,45511,45513,45515,45517,45519,45521,45523,45525,45528,45530],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45503,7447],{"class":105},[44,45505,93],{"class":58},[44,45507,279],{"class":278},[44,45509,45510],{"class":282},"You will be",[44,45512,279],{"class":278},[44,45514,66],{"class":58},[44,45516,44829],{"class":89},[44,45518,1430],{"class":54},[44,45520,4874],{"class":62},[44,45522,66],{"class":58},[44,45524,290],{"class":278},[44,45526,45527],{"class":282},"next year",[44,45529,279],{"class":278},[44,45531,99],{"class":58},[44,45533,45534,45536,45538],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,45535,29201],{"class":3246},[44,45537,41295],{"class":909},[44,45539,5770],{"class":58},[44,45541,45542,45544,45546,45548,45551,45553],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,45543,7447],{"class":105},[44,45545,93],{"class":58},[44,45547,279],{"class":278},[44,45549,45550],{"class":282},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,45552,279],{"class":278},[44,45554,99],{"class":58},[20,45556,45557],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45559,45560,45561,86],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[184,45562,45564],{"href":45563},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44287,45566],{},[30,45568,1113],{"id":1112},[20,45570,45571,45572,1084],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45573,2328],{},[165,45575,45576,45583,45586,45589],{},[168,45577,45578,45579,188,45581],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45580,2248],{},[15,45582,2254],{},[168,45584,45585],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[168,45587,45588],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[168,45590,45591],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45593,31448],{},[35,45595,45597],{"className":37,"code":45596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45598,45599,45609,45623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45600,45601,45603,45605,45607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45602,106],{"class":105},[44,45604,93],{"class":58},[44,45606,1188],{"class":89},[44,45608,99],{"class":58},[44,45610,45611,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45612,106],{"class":105},[44,45614,93],{"class":58},[44,45616,1090],{"class":909},[44,45618,93],{"class":58},[44,45620,1188],{"class":89},[44,45622,973],{"class":58},[44,45624,45625,45627,45629,45631,45633,45635],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45626,106],{"class":105},[44,45628,93],{"class":58},[44,45630,41148],{"class":105},[44,45632,93],{"class":58},[44,45634,1188],{"class":89},[44,45636,973],{"class":58},[20,45638,45639,45640,45642],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45641,2328],{}," actually returned:",[165,45644,45645,45650,45655],{},[168,45646,45647,45649],{},[15,45648,41196],{}," shows the value",[168,45651,45652,45654],{},[15,45653,41202],{}," shows the data type",[168,45656,45657,45659],{},[15,45658,41207],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45661,894],{},[35,45663,45665],{"className":37,"code":45664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45666,45667,45686,45696,45710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45668,45669,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679,45682,45684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45670,1819],{"class":50},[44,45672,55],{"class":54},[44,45674,7620],{"class":105},[44,45676,93],{"class":58},[44,45678,279],{"class":278},[44,45680,45681],{"class":282},"Enter something: ",[44,45683,279],{"class":278},[44,45685,99],{"class":58},[44,45687,45688,45690,45692,45694],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45689,106],{"class":105},[44,45691,93],{"class":58},[44,45693,1188],{"class":89},[44,45695,99],{"class":58},[44,45697,45698,45700,45702,45704,45706,45708],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45699,106],{"class":105},[44,45701,93],{"class":58},[44,45703,1090],{"class":909},[44,45705,93],{"class":58},[44,45707,1188],{"class":89},[44,45709,973],{"class":58},[44,45711,45712,45714,45716,45718,45720,45722],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,45713,106],{"class":105},[44,45715,93],{"class":58},[44,45717,41148],{"class":105},[44,45719,93],{"class":58},[44,45721,1188],{"class":89},[44,45723,973],{"class":58},[44287,45725],{},[30,45727,1235],{"id":1234},[693,45729,1239,45731,45733],{"id":45730},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45732,2328],{}," return an integer?",[20,45735,45736,45737,45739,45740,39298],{},"No. ",[15,45738,2328],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45741,2248],{},[693,45743,45745,45746,1863],{"id":45744},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45747,2328],{},[20,45749,45750,45751,45753],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45752,2328],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[693,45755,4532,45757,45760,45761,1863],{"id":45756},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45758,45759],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45762,2328],{},[20,45764,28429,45765,45767,45768,41524,45770,45772],{},[15,45766,2328],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45769,45077],{},[15,45771,45081],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[693,45774,45776],{"id":45775},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45778,148,45779,45781,45782,86],{},[15,45780,45341],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45783,45784],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44287,45786],{},[30,45788,1279],{"id":1278},[165,45790,45791,45796,45800,45806,45812,45816],{},[168,45792,45793],{},[184,45794,45795],{"href":45563},"How to get user input in Python",[168,45797,45798],{},[184,45799,8436],{"href":8358},[168,45801,45802],{},[184,45803,2945,45804,2878],{"href":2245},[15,45805,2248],{},[168,45807,45808],{},[184,45809,2945,45810,2878],{"href":2251},[15,45811,2254],{},[168,45813,45814],{},[184,45815,45288],{"href":45287},[168,45817,45818],{},[184,45819,2945,45821,2878],{"href":45820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45822,45823],{},"print()",[1304,45825,45826],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":45828},[45829,45830,45832,45833,45835,45841,45849,45850,45851,45860],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":44291,"depth":80,"text":45831},"What input() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":44520,"depth":80,"text":45834},"What input() returns",{"id":44723,"depth":80,"text":44724,"children":45836},[45837,45838,45840],{"id":44727,"depth":102,"text":44728},{"id":44780,"depth":102,"text":45839},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44851,"depth":102,"text":44852},{"id":45086,"depth":80,"text":45087,"children":45842},[45843,45845,45846,45848],{"id":45095,"depth":102,"text":45844},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45163,"depth":102,"text":45164},{"id":45238,"depth":102,"text":45847},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45291,"depth":102,"text":45292},{"id":45383,"depth":80,"text":45384},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":45852},[45853,45855,45857,45859],{"id":45730,"depth":102,"text":45854},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45744,"depth":102,"text":45856},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45756,"depth":102,"text":45858},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45775,"depth":102,"text":45776},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41563,"description":45861},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45868,"title":41465,"body":45869,"description":48182,"extension":1334,"meta":48183,"navigation":322,"path":48184,"seo":48185,"stem":48186,"__hash__":48187},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45870,"toc":48134},[45871,45876,45881,45886,45907,45910,45912,45972,45974,45993,45998,46003,46008,46010,46023,46025,46108,46110,46151,46157,46159,46189,46195,46198,46215,46217,46269,46271,46289,46295,46301,46304,46322,46324,46397,46399,46418,46425,46431,46436,46439,46499,46501,46520,46523,46526,46541,46547,46551,46612,46614,46635,46639,46768,46770,46900,46910,46916,46922,46930,46996,46998,47023,47026,47043,47056,47062,47065,47098,47100,47113,47116,47159,47161,47169,47176,47180,47187,47191,47218,47220,47228,47234,47251,47256,47260,47287,47289,47297,47301,47306,47309,47335,47338,47347,47355,47359,47369,47373,47376,47378,47429,47431,47461,47471,47498,47500,47508,47518,47522,47525,47527,47575,47577,47621,47627,47678,47680,47699,47704,47709,47712,47731,47734,47786,47788,47797,47799,47803,47807,47810,47819,47826,47828,47855,47859,47861,47870,47873,47880,47886,47946,47950,47952,47960,47963,47989,47995,47998,48018,48020,48029,48037,48039,48045,48050,48057,48067,48073,48081,48085,48088,48090,48131],[10,45872,2945,45874,2949],{"id":45873},"python-int-function-explained",[15,45875,2248],{},[20,45877,31682,45878,45880],{},[15,45879,2248],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,45882,34773,45883,45885],{},[15,45884,2248],{}," when they want to:",[165,45887,45888,45898,45901,45904],{},[168,45889,45890,45891,45894,45895],{},"turn text like ",[15,45892,45893],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,45896,45897],{},"42",[168,45899,45900],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[168,45902,45903],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[168,45905,45906],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,45908,45909],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,45911,33],{"id":32},[35,45913,45915],{"className":37,"code":45914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,45916,45917,45935,45949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45918,45919,45921,45923,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45920,106],{"class":105},[44,45922,93],{"class":58},[44,45924,1560],{"class":909},[44,45926,93],{"class":58},[44,45928,279],{"class":278},[44,45930,45897],{"class":282},[44,45932,279],{"class":278},[44,45934,973],{"class":58},[44,45936,45937,45939,45941,45943,45945,45947],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45938,106],{"class":105},[44,45940,93],{"class":58},[44,45942,1560],{"class":909},[44,45944,93],{"class":58},[44,45946,41353],{"class":62},[44,45948,973],{"class":58},[44,45950,45951,45953,45955,45957,45959,45961,45964,45966,45968,45970],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45952,106],{"class":105},[44,45954,93],{"class":58},[44,45956,1560],{"class":909},[44,45958,93],{"class":58},[44,45960,279],{"class":278},[44,45962,45963],{"class":282},"101",[44,45965,279],{"class":278},[44,45967,66],{"class":58},[44,45969,69],{"class":62},[44,45971,973],{"class":58},[20,45973,118],{},[35,45975,45977],{"className":37,"code":45976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,45978,45979,45984,45989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45980,45981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45982,45983],{"class":62},"42\n",[44,45985,45986],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,45987,45988],{"class":62},"3\n",[44,45990,45991],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45992,2317],{"class":62},[20,45994,148,45995,45997],{},[15,45996,2248],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,45999,155,46001,158],{"id":46000},"what-int-does",[15,46002,2248],{},[20,46004,46005,46007],{},[15,46006,2248],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46009,12425],{},[165,46011,46012,46017,46020],{},[168,46013,46014,46015,6717],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46016,1560],{},[168,46018,46019],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[168,46021,46022],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46024,894],{},[35,46026,46028],{"className":37,"code":46027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46029,46030,46042,46056,46060,46070,46080,46094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46031,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46033,34054],{"class":50},[44,46035,55],{"class":54},[44,46037,290],{"class":278},[44,46039,8572],{"class":282},[44,46041,2727],{"class":278},[44,46043,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46045,1589],{"class":50},[44,46047,55],{"class":54},[44,46049,44647],{"class":909},[44,46051,93],{"class":58},[44,46053,34075],{"class":89},[44,46055,99],{"class":58},[44,46057,46058],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46059,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,46061,46062,46064,46066,46068],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,46063,106],{"class":105},[44,46065,93],{"class":58},[44,46067,34075],{"class":89},[44,46069,99],{"class":58},[44,46071,46072,46074,46076,46078],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,46073,106],{"class":105},[44,46075,93],{"class":58},[44,46077,1612],{"class":89},[44,46079,99],{"class":58},[44,46081,46082,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,46083,106],{"class":105},[44,46085,93],{"class":58},[44,46087,1090],{"class":909},[44,46089,93],{"class":58},[44,46091,34075],{"class":89},[44,46093,973],{"class":58},[44,46095,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104,46106],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,46097,106],{"class":105},[44,46099,93],{"class":58},[44,46101,1090],{"class":909},[44,46103,93],{"class":58},[44,46105,1612],{"class":89},[44,46107,973],{"class":58},[20,46109,118],{},[35,46111,46113],{"className":37,"code":46112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46114,46115,46119,46123,46137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46116,46117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46118,2080],{"class":62},[44,46120,46121],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46122,2080],{"class":62},[44,46124,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46126,2659],{"class":54},[44,46128,2662],{"class":1436},[44,46130,360],{"class":278},[44,46132,2812],{"class":282},[44,46134,351],{"class":278},[44,46136,2671],{"class":54},[44,46138,46139,46141,46143,46145,46147,46149],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,46140,2659],{"class":54},[44,46142,2662],{"class":1436},[44,46144,360],{"class":278},[44,46146,1560],{"class":282},[44,46148,351],{"class":278},[44,46150,2671],{"class":54},[20,46152,46153,46154,46156],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46155,2248],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,46158,196],{"id":195},[35,46160,46162],{"className":37,"code":46161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46163,46164,46174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46165,46166,46168,46170,46172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46167,1560],{"class":909},[44,46169,93],{"class":58},[44,46171,1545],{"class":89},[44,46173,99],{"class":58},[44,46175,46176,46178,46180,46182,46184,46187],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46177,1560],{"class":909},[44,46179,93],{"class":58},[44,46181,1545],{"class":89},[44,46183,66],{"class":58},[44,46185,46186],{"class":89}," base",[44,46188,99],{"class":58},[693,46190,46192],{"id":46191},"intx",[15,46193,46194],{},"int(x)",[20,46196,46197],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[165,46199,46200,46205,46210],{},[168,46201,46202,46203],{},"a string such as ",[15,46204,41495],{},[168,46206,46207,46208],{},"a float such as ",[15,46209,41353],{},[168,46211,46212,46213],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46214,987],{},[20,46216,894],{},[35,46218,46220],{"className":37,"code":46219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46221,46222,46240,46255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46223,46224,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234,46236,46238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46225,106],{"class":105},[44,46227,93],{"class":58},[44,46229,1560],{"class":909},[44,46231,93],{"class":58},[44,46233,279],{"class":278},[44,46235,931],{"class":282},[44,46237,279],{"class":278},[44,46239,973],{"class":58},[44,46241,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250,46253],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46243,106],{"class":105},[44,46245,93],{"class":58},[44,46247,1560],{"class":909},[44,46249,93],{"class":58},[44,46251,46252],{"class":62},"8.7",[44,46254,973],{"class":58},[44,46256,46257,46259,46261,46263,46265,46267],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46258,106],{"class":105},[44,46260,93],{"class":58},[44,46262,1560],{"class":909},[44,46264,93],{"class":58},[44,46266,987],{"class":871},[44,46268,973],{"class":58},[20,46270,118],{},[35,46272,46274],{"className":37,"code":46273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46275,46276,46280,46284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46277,46278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46279,1749],{"class":62},[44,46281,46282],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46283,1754],{"class":62},[44,46285,46286],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46287,46288],{"class":62},"1\n",[693,46290,46292],{"id":46291},"intx-base",[15,46293,46294],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46296,46297,46298,46300],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46299,1545],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46302,46303],{},"Common bases:",[165,46305,46306,46311,46316],{},[168,46307,46308,46310],{},[15,46309,472],{}," for binary",[168,46312,46313,46315],{},[15,46314,1718],{}," for octal",[168,46317,46318,46321],{},[15,46319,46320],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46323,894],{},[35,46325,46327],{"className":37,"code":46326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46328,46329,46351,46374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46330,46331,46333,46335,46337,46339,46341,46343,46345,46347,46349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46332,106],{"class":105},[44,46334,93],{"class":58},[44,46336,1560],{"class":909},[44,46338,93],{"class":58},[44,46340,279],{"class":278},[44,46342,45963],{"class":282},[44,46344,279],{"class":278},[44,46346,66],{"class":58},[44,46348,69],{"class":62},[44,46350,973],{"class":58},[44,46352,46353,46355,46357,46359,46361,46363,46366,46368,46370,46372],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46354,106],{"class":105},[44,46356,93],{"class":58},[44,46358,1560],{"class":909},[44,46360,93],{"class":58},[44,46362,279],{"class":278},[44,46364,46365],{"class":282},"17",[44,46367,279],{"class":278},[44,46369,66],{"class":58},[44,46371,5736],{"class":62},[44,46373,973],{"class":58},[44,46375,46376,46378,46380,46382,46384,46386,46389,46391,46393,46395],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46377,106],{"class":105},[44,46379,93],{"class":58},[44,46381,1560],{"class":909},[44,46383,93],{"class":58},[44,46385,279],{"class":278},[44,46387,46388],{"class":282},"1A",[44,46390,279],{"class":278},[44,46392,66],{"class":58},[44,46394,13359],{"class":62},[44,46396,973],{"class":58},[20,46398,118],{},[35,46400,46402],{"className":37,"code":46401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46403,46404,46408,46413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46405,46406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46407,2317],{"class":62},[44,46409,46410],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46411,46412],{"class":62},"15\n",[44,46414,46415],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46416,46417],{"class":62},"26\n",[20,46419,46420,46421,86],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[184,46422,46423,1676],{"href":2251},[15,46424,2254],{},[30,46426,1123,46428,46430],{"id":46427},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46429,2248],{}," with strings",[20,46432,46433,46435],{},[15,46434,2248],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46437,46438],{},"Examples that work:",[35,46440,46442],{"className":37,"code":46441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46443,46444,46462,46480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46445,46446,46448,46450,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46447,106],{"class":105},[44,46449,93],{"class":58},[44,46451,1560],{"class":909},[44,46453,93],{"class":58},[44,46455,279],{"class":278},[44,46457,1508],{"class":282},[44,46459,279],{"class":278},[44,46461,973],{"class":58},[44,46463,46464,46466,46468,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46465,106],{"class":105},[44,46467,93],{"class":58},[44,46469,1560],{"class":909},[44,46471,93],{"class":58},[44,46473,279],{"class":278},[44,46475,1665],{"class":282},[44,46477,279],{"class":278},[44,46479,973],{"class":58},[44,46481,46482,46484,46486,46488,46490,46492,46495,46497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46483,106],{"class":105},[44,46485,93],{"class":58},[44,46487,1560],{"class":909},[44,46489,93],{"class":58},[44,46491,279],{"class":278},[44,46493,46494],{"class":282},"  42  ",[44,46496,279],{"class":278},[44,46498,973],{"class":58},[20,46500,118],{},[35,46502,46504],{"className":37,"code":46503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46505,46506,46510,46516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46507,46508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46509,2317],{"class":62},[44,46511,46512,46514],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46513,1393],{"class":54},[44,46515,1597],{"class":62},[44,46517,46518],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46519,45983],{"class":62},[20,46521,46522],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46524,46525],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,46527,46529],{"className":37,"code":46528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46530,46531,46536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46532,46533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46534,46535],{"class":3034},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,46537,46538],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46539,46540],{"class":3034},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46542,46543,46544,46546],{},"These raise ",[15,46545,40072],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[693,46548,46550],{"id":46549},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,46552,46554],{"className":37,"code":46553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46555,46556,46574,46593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46557,46558,46560,46562,46564,46566,46568,46570,46572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46559,106],{"class":105},[44,46561,93],{"class":58},[44,46563,1560],{"class":909},[44,46565,93],{"class":58},[44,46567,279],{"class":278},[44,46569,1491],{"class":282},[44,46571,279],{"class":278},[44,46573,973],{"class":58},[44,46575,46576,46578,46580,46582,46584,46586,46589,46591],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46577,106],{"class":105},[44,46579,93],{"class":58},[44,46581,1560],{"class":909},[44,46583,93],{"class":58},[44,46585,279],{"class":278},[44,46587,46588],{"class":282},"+7",[44,46590,279],{"class":278},[44,46592,973],{"class":58},[44,46594,46595,46597,46599,46601,46603,46605,46608,46610],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46596,106],{"class":105},[44,46598,93],{"class":58},[44,46600,1560],{"class":909},[44,46602,93],{"class":58},[44,46604,279],{"class":278},[44,46606,46607],{"class":282},"-100",[44,46609,279],{"class":278},[44,46611,973],{"class":58},[20,46613,118],{},[35,46615,46617],{"className":37,"code":46616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46618,46619,46624,46628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46620,46621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46622,46623],{"class":62},"0\n",[44,46625,46626],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46627,1451],{"class":62},[44,46629,46630,46632],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46631,1393],{"class":54},[44,46633,46634],{"class":62},"100\n",[693,46636,46638],{"id":46637},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,46640,46642],{"className":37,"code":46641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46643,46644,46682,46686,46698,46705,46720,46735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46645,46646,46648,46650,46652,46654,46656,46658,46660,46662,46665,46667,46669,46671,46673,46675,46678,46680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46647,3193],{"class":50},[44,46649,55],{"class":54},[44,46651,2992],{"class":58},[44,46653,279],{"class":278},[44,46655,39512],{"class":282},[44,46657,279],{"class":278},[44,46659,66],{"class":58},[44,46661,290],{"class":278},[44,46663,46664],{"class":282},"12abc",[44,46666,279],{"class":278},[44,46668,66],{"class":58},[44,46670,5503],{"class":278},[44,46672,66],{"class":58},[44,46674,290],{"class":278},[44,46676,46677],{"class":282},"seven",[44,46679,279],{"class":278},[44,46681,3005],{"class":58},[44,46683,46684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46685,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,46687,46688,46690,46692,46694,46696],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46689,5334],{"class":3246},[44,46691,20951],{"class":50},[44,46693,3253],{"class":3246},[44,46695,3256],{"class":50},[44,46697,5770],{"class":58},[44,46699,46700,46703],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,46701,46702],{"class":3246},"    try",[44,46704,5770],{"class":58},[44,46706,46707,46710,46712,46714,46716,46718],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,46708,46709],{"class":105},"        print",[44,46711,93],{"class":58},[44,46713,1560],{"class":909},[44,46715,93],{"class":58},[44,46717,1188],{"class":89},[44,46719,973],{"class":58},[44,46721,46722,46725,46727,46730,46733],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,46723,46724],{"class":3246},"    except",[44,46726,41295],{"class":909},[44,46728,46729],{"class":3246}," as",[44,46731,46732],{"class":50}," error",[44,46734,5770],{"class":58},[44,46736,46737,46739,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749,46752,46754,46757,46759,46762,46764,46766],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,46738,46709],{"class":105},[44,46740,93],{"class":58},[44,46742,21661],{"class":1436},[44,46744,279],{"class":282},[44,46746,128],{"class":62},[44,46748,1188],{"class":89},[44,46750,46751],{"class":1436},"!r",[44,46753,21670],{"class":62},[44,46755,46756],{"class":282}," -> ",[44,46758,128],{"class":62},[44,46760,46761],{"class":89},"error",[44,46763,21670],{"class":62},[44,46765,279],{"class":282},[44,46767,99],{"class":58},[20,46769,118],{},[35,46771,46773],{"className":37,"code":46772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46774,46775,46811,46843,46868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46776,46777,46779,46781,46783,46786,46789,46791,46793,46795,46798,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46778,351],{"class":42698},[44,46780,39512],{"class":42702},[44,46782,351],{"class":42698},[44,46784,46785],{"class":36734}," ->",[44,46787,46788],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,46790,5334],{"class":3246},[44,46792,44647],{"class":909},[44,46794,6743],{"class":58},[44,46796,46797],{"class":3246}," with",[44,46799,46800],{"class":50}," base ",[44,46802,931],{"class":62},[44,46804,1084],{"class":58},[44,46806,360],{"class":278},[44,46808,39512],{"class":282},[44,46810,1100],{"class":278},[44,46812,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825,46827,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46814,351],{"class":278},[44,46816,46664],{"class":282},[44,46818,351],{"class":278},[44,46820,46785],{"class":36734},[44,46822,46788],{"class":50},[44,46824,5334],{"class":3246},[44,46826,44647],{"class":909},[44,46828,6743],{"class":58},[44,46830,46797],{"class":3246},[44,46832,46800],{"class":50},[44,46834,931],{"class":62},[44,46836,1084],{"class":58},[44,46838,360],{"class":278},[44,46840,46664],{"class":282},[44,46842,1100],{"class":278},[44,46844,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853,46855,46857,46859,46861,46863,46865],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46846,3144],{"class":278},[44,46848,46785],{"class":36734},[44,46850,46788],{"class":50},[44,46852,5334],{"class":3246},[44,46854,44647],{"class":909},[44,46856,6743],{"class":58},[44,46858,46797],{"class":3246},[44,46860,46800],{"class":50},[44,46862,931],{"class":62},[44,46864,1084],{"class":58},[44,46866,46867],{"class":278}," ''\n",[44,46869,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896,46898],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,46871,351],{"class":278},[44,46873,46677],{"class":282},[44,46875,351],{"class":278},[44,46877,46785],{"class":36734},[44,46879,46788],{"class":50},[44,46881,5334],{"class":3246},[44,46883,44647],{"class":909},[44,46885,6743],{"class":58},[44,46887,46797],{"class":3246},[44,46889,46800],{"class":50},[44,46891,931],{"class":62},[44,46893,1084],{"class":58},[44,46895,360],{"class":278},[44,46897,46677],{"class":282},[44,46899,1100],{"class":278},[20,46901,46902,46903,46905,46906,86],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[184,46904,8359],{"href":8358}," and the ",[184,46907,46908,1676],{"href":7597},[15,46909,2328],{},[30,46911,1123,46913,46915],{"id":46912},"using-int-with-floats",[15,46914,2248],{}," with floats",[20,46917,46918,46919,46921],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,46920,2248],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,46923,46924,46925,13425,46927,46929],{},"Important: ",[15,46926,2248],{},[116,46928,736],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,46931,46933],{"className":37,"code":46932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,46934,46935,46949,46964,46980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46936,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46938,106],{"class":105},[44,46940,93],{"class":58},[44,46942,1560],{"class":909},[44,46944,93],{"class":58},[44,46946,41353],{"class":62},[44,46948,973],{"class":58},[44,46950,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959,46962],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,46952,106],{"class":105},[44,46954,93],{"class":58},[44,46956,1560],{"class":909},[44,46958,93],{"class":58},[44,46960,46961],{"class":62},"3.1",[44,46963,973],{"class":58},[44,46965,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46967,106],{"class":105},[44,46969,93],{"class":58},[44,46971,1560],{"class":909},[44,46973,93],{"class":58},[44,46975,1393],{"class":54},[44,46977,41353],{"class":62},[44,46979,973],{"class":58},[44,46981,46982,46984,46986,46988,46990,46992,46994],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,46983,106],{"class":105},[44,46985,93],{"class":58},[44,46987,1560],{"class":909},[44,46989,93],{"class":58},[44,46991,1393],{"class":54},[44,46993,46961],{"class":62},[44,46995,973],{"class":58},[20,46997,118],{},[35,46999,47001],{"className":37,"code":47000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47002,47003,47007,47011,47017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47004,47005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47006,45988],{"class":62},[44,47008,47009],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47010,45988],{"class":62},[44,47012,47013,47015],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47014,1393],{"class":54},[44,47016,45988],{"class":62},[44,47018,47019,47021],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,47020,1393],{"class":54},[44,47022,45988],{"class":62},[20,47024,47025],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[165,47027,47028,47035],{},[168,47029,47030,41524,47033],{},[15,47031,47032],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47034,1433],{},[168,47036,47037,41524,47040],{},[15,47038,47039],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47041,47042],{},"-3",[20,47044,47045,47046,47050,47051,86],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[184,47047,47048],{"href":2251},[15,47049,2254],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[184,47052,47053],{"href":41544},[15,47054,47055],{},"str()",[30,47057,1123,47059,47061],{"id":47058},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47060,2248],{}," with booleans",[20,47063,47064],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47066,47068],{"className":37,"code":47067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47069,47070,47084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47071,47072,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47073,106],{"class":105},[44,47075,93],{"class":58},[44,47077,1560],{"class":909},[44,47079,93],{"class":58},[44,47081,987],{"class":871},[44,47083,973],{"class":58},[44,47085,47086,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47087,106],{"class":105},[44,47089,93],{"class":58},[44,47091,1560],{"class":909},[44,47093,93],{"class":58},[44,47095,3045],{"class":871},[44,47097,973],{"class":58},[20,47099,118],{},[35,47101,47103],{"className":37,"code":47102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47104,47105,47109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47106,47107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47108,46288],{"class":62},[44,47110,47111],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47112,46623],{"class":62},[20,47114,47115],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47117,47119],{"className":37,"code":47118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47120,47121,47130,47145,47149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47122,47123,47126,47128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47124,47125],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47127,55],{"class":54},[44,47129,5799],{"class":871},[44,47131,47132,47134,47136,47138,47140,47143],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47133,40551],{"class":50},[44,47135,55],{"class":54},[44,47137,44647],{"class":909},[44,47139,93],{"class":58},[44,47141,47142],{"class":89},"passed",[44,47144,99],{"class":58},[44,47146,47147],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47148,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,47150,47151,47153,47155,47157],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,47152,106],{"class":105},[44,47154,93],{"class":58},[44,47156,40580],{"class":89},[44,47158,99],{"class":58},[20,47160,118],{},[35,47162,47163],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47164,47165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47166,47167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47168,46288],{"class":62},[20,47170,47171,47172,86],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[184,47173,47174,1676],{"href":5156},[15,47175,3183],{},[30,47177,47179],{"id":47178},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47181,47182,47183,47186],{},"Use the ",[15,47184,47185],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[693,47188,47190],{"id":47189},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,47192,47194],{"className":37,"code":47193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47195,47196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47197,47198,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214,47216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47199,106],{"class":105},[44,47201,93],{"class":58},[44,47203,1560],{"class":909},[44,47205,93],{"class":58},[44,47207,279],{"class":278},[44,47209,45963],{"class":282},[44,47211,279],{"class":278},[44,47213,66],{"class":58},[44,47215,69],{"class":62},[44,47217,973],{"class":58},[20,47219,118],{},[35,47221,47222],{"className":37,"code":2317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47223,47224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47225,47226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47227,2317],{"class":62},[20,47229,47230,47233],{},[15,47231,47232],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[165,47235,47236,47241,47246],{},[168,47237,47238],{},[15,47239,47240],{},"1 × 4",[168,47242,47243],{},[15,47244,47245],{},"0 × 2",[168,47247,47248],{},[15,47249,47250],{},"1 × 1",[20,47252,47253,47254,86],{},"So the result is ",[15,47255,1508],{},[693,47257,47259],{"id":47258},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,47261,47263],{"className":37,"code":47262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47264,47265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47266,47267,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47268,106],{"class":105},[44,47270,93],{"class":58},[44,47272,1560],{"class":909},[44,47274,93],{"class":58},[44,47276,279],{"class":278},[44,47278,46388],{"class":282},[44,47280,279],{"class":278},[44,47282,66],{"class":58},[44,47284,13359],{"class":62},[44,47286,973],{"class":58},[20,47288,118],{},[35,47290,47291],{"className":37,"code":46417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47292,47293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47294,47295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47296,46417],{"class":62},[693,47298,47300],{"id":47299},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47302,1351,47303,47305],{},[15,47304,47185],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47307,47308],{},"Good:",[35,47310,47311],{"className":37,"code":47193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47312,47313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47314,47315,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327,47329,47331,47333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47316,106],{"class":105},[44,47318,93],{"class":58},[44,47320,1560],{"class":909},[44,47322,93],{"class":58},[44,47324,279],{"class":278},[44,47326,45963],{"class":282},[44,47328,279],{"class":278},[44,47330,66],{"class":58},[44,47332,69],{"class":62},[44,47334,973],{"class":58},[20,47336,47337],{},"Not correct:",[35,47339,47341],{"className":37,"code":47340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47342,47343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47344,47345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47346,47340],{"class":3034},[20,47348,47349,47350,7979,47352,47354],{},"That causes a ",[15,47351,1081],{},[15,47353,47185],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,47356,47358],{"id":47357},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47360,47361,47362,47364,47365,3766,47367,86],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47363,2248],{}," are ",[15,47366,40072],{},[15,47368,1081],{},[693,47370,47371],{"id":40882},[15,47372,40072],{},[20,47374,47375],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47377,894],{},[35,47379,47381],{"className":37,"code":47380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47382,47383,47389,47407,47419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47384,47385,47387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47386,29170],{"class":3246},[44,47388,5770],{"class":58},[44,47390,47391,47393,47395,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47392,7447],{"class":105},[44,47394,93],{"class":58},[44,47396,1560],{"class":909},[44,47398,93],{"class":58},[44,47400,279],{"class":278},[44,47402,39512],{"class":282},[44,47404,279],{"class":278},[44,47406,973],{"class":58},[44,47408,47409,47411,47413,47415,47417],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47410,29201],{"class":3246},[44,47412,41295],{"class":909},[44,47414,46729],{"class":3246},[44,47416,46732],{"class":50},[44,47418,5770],{"class":58},[44,47420,47421,47423,47425,47427],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,47422,7447],{"class":105},[44,47424,93],{"class":58},[44,47426,46761],{"class":89},[44,47428,99],{"class":58},[20,47430,118],{},[35,47432,47434],{"className":37,"code":47433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47435,47436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47437,47438,47441,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47439,47440],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,47442,5334],{"class":3246},[44,47444,44647],{"class":909},[44,47446,6743],{"class":58},[44,47448,46797],{"class":3246},[44,47450,46800],{"class":50},[44,47452,931],{"class":62},[44,47454,1084],{"class":58},[44,47456,360],{"class":278},[44,47458,39512],{"class":282},[44,47460,1100],{"class":278},[20,47462,47463,47464,47467,47468,47470],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47465,47466],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47469,2248],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,47472,47474],{"className":37,"code":47473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47475,47476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47477,47478,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492,47494,47496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47479,106],{"class":105},[44,47481,93],{"class":58},[44,47483,1560],{"class":909},[44,47485,93],{"class":58},[44,47487,1564],{"class":909},[44,47489,93],{"class":58},[44,47491,279],{"class":278},[44,47493,39512],{"class":282},[44,47495,279],{"class":278},[44,47497,2282],{"class":58},[20,47499,118],{},[35,47501,47502],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47503,47504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47505,47506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47507,45988],{"class":62},[20,47509,47510,47511,3766,47514,86],{},"If you see this often, read ",[184,47512,47513],{"href":2332},"how to convert string to int in Python",[184,47515,25046,47516],{"href":45287},[15,47517,45288],{},[693,47519,47520],{"id":40948},[15,47521,1081],{},[20,47523,47524],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47526,894],{},[35,47528,47530],{"className":37,"code":47529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47531,47532,47538,47552,47565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47533,47534,47536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47535,29170],{"class":3246},[44,47537,5770],{"class":58},[44,47539,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47541,7447],{"class":105},[44,47543,93],{"class":58},[44,47545,1560],{"class":909},[44,47547,93],{"class":58},[44,47549,730],{"class":871},[44,47551,973],{"class":58},[44,47553,47554,47556,47559,47561,47563],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47555,29201],{"class":3246},[44,47557,47558],{"class":909}," TypeError",[44,47560,46729],{"class":3246},[44,47562,46732],{"class":50},[44,47564,5770],{"class":58},[44,47566,47567,47569,47571,47573],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,47568,7447],{"class":105},[44,47570,93],{"class":58},[44,47572,46761],{"class":89},[44,47574,99],{"class":58},[20,47576,118],{},[35,47578,47580],{"className":37,"code":47579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47581,47582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47583,47584,47586,47588,47591,47593,47595,47598,47600,47603,47605,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47585,1560],{"class":909},[44,47587,6743],{"class":58},[44,47589,47590],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,47592,66],{"class":58},[44,47594,43915],{"class":50},[44,47596,47597],{"class":909},"bytes",[44,47599,1393],{"class":54},[44,47601,47602],{"class":50},"like ",[44,47604,41768],{"class":909},[44,47606,47607],{"class":54}," or",[44,47609,40208],{"class":50},[44,47611,66],{"class":58},[44,47613,7477],{"class":54},[44,47615,360],{"class":278},[44,47617,47618],{"class":282},"NoneType",[44,47620,1100],{"class":278},[20,47622,47623,47624,47626],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47625,47185],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,47628,47630],{"className":37,"code":47629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47631,47632,47638,47656,47668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47633,47634,47636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47635,29170],{"class":3246},[44,47637,5770],{"class":58},[44,47639,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47641,7447],{"class":105},[44,47643,93],{"class":58},[44,47645,1560],{"class":909},[44,47647,93],{"class":58},[44,47649,45963],{"class":62},[44,47651,66],{"class":58},[44,47653,69],{"class":62},[44,47655,973],{"class":58},[44,47657,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47659,29201],{"class":3246},[44,47661,47558],{"class":909},[44,47663,46729],{"class":3246},[44,47665,46732],{"class":50},[44,47667,5770],{"class":58},[44,47669,47670,47672,47674,47676],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,47671,7447],{"class":105},[44,47673,93],{"class":58},[44,47675,46761],{"class":89},[44,47677,99],{"class":58},[20,47679,118],{},[35,47681,47683],{"className":37,"code":47682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47684,47685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47686,47687,47689,47691,47694,47696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47688,1560],{"class":909},[44,47690,6743],{"class":58},[44,47692,47693],{"class":50}," can",[44,47695,351],{"class":278},[44,47697,47698],{"class":282},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,47700,4334,47702],{"id":47701},"when-to-use-int",[15,47703,2248],{},[20,47705,148,47706,47708],{},[15,47707,2248],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47710,47711],{},"Common uses:",[165,47713,47714,47720,47723,47726],{},[168,47715,47716,47717,47719],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47718,2328],{}," into integers",[168,47721,47722],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[168,47724,47725],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[168,47727,47728,47729,35983],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47730,47185],{},[20,47732,47733],{},"Example with user input:",[35,47735,47737],{"className":37,"code":47736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47738,47739,47753,47768,47772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47740,47741,47744,47746,47748,47751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47742,47743],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,47745,55],{"class":54},[44,47747,290],{"class":278},[44,47749,47750],{"class":282},"18",[44,47752,2727],{"class":278},[44,47754,47755,47757,47759,47761,47763,47766],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47756,20995],{"class":50},[44,47758,55],{"class":54},[44,47760,44647],{"class":909},[44,47762,93],{"class":58},[44,47764,47765],{"class":89},"age_text",[44,47767,99],{"class":58},[44,47769,47770],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47771,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,47773,47774,47776,47778,47780,47782,47784],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,47775,106],{"class":105},[44,47777,93],{"class":58},[44,47779,20995],{"class":89},[44,47781,1430],{"class":54},[44,47783,4874],{"class":62},[44,47785,99],{"class":58},[20,47787,118],{},[35,47789,47791],{"className":37,"code":47790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,47792,47793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47794,47795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47796,47790],{"class":62},[30,47798,1113],{"id":1112},[20,47800,1116,47801,86],{},[15,47802,2248],{},[693,47804,47806],{"id":47805},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47808,47809],{},"This fails:",[35,47811,47813],{"className":37,"code":47812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47814,47815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47816,47817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47818,47812],{"class":3034},[20,47820,47821,47822,47825],{},"Why: ",[15,47823,47824],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47827,18206],{},[35,47829,47831],{"className":37,"code":47830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47832,47833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47834,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843,47845,47847,47849,47851,47853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47836,106],{"class":105},[44,47838,93],{"class":58},[44,47840,1560],{"class":909},[44,47842,93],{"class":58},[44,47844,1564],{"class":909},[44,47846,93],{"class":58},[44,47848,279],{"class":278},[44,47850,40492],{"class":282},[44,47852,279],{"class":278},[44,47854,2282],{"class":58},[693,47856,47858],{"id":47857},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47860,47809],{},[35,47862,47864],{"className":37,"code":47863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47865,47866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47867,47868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47869,47863],{"class":3034},[20,47871,47872],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[693,47874,47876,47877],{"id":47875},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,47878,47879],{},"int(None)",[20,47881,47882,47883,47885],{},"This fails because ",[15,47884,730],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,47887,47889],{"className":37,"code":47888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47890,47891,47900,47904,47910,47924,47936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47892,47893,47895,47897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47894,1819],{"class":50},[44,47896,55],{"class":54},[44,47898,47899],{"class":871}," None\n",[44,47901,47902],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,47903,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,47905,47906,47908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47907,29170],{"class":3246},[44,47909,5770],{"class":58},[44,47911,47912,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,47913,7447],{"class":105},[44,47915,93],{"class":58},[44,47917,1560],{"class":909},[44,47919,93],{"class":58},[44,47921,1188],{"class":89},[44,47923,973],{"class":58},[44,47925,47926,47928,47930,47932,47934],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,47927,29201],{"class":3246},[44,47929,47558],{"class":909},[44,47931,46729],{"class":3246},[44,47933,46732],{"class":50},[44,47935,5770],{"class":58},[44,47937,47938,47940,47942,47944],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,47939,7447],{"class":105},[44,47941,93],{"class":58},[44,47943,46761],{"class":89},[44,47945,99],{"class":58},[693,47947,47949],{"id":47948},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,47951,47809],{},[35,47953,47954],{"className":37,"code":47340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47955,47956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47957,47958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47959,47340],{"class":3034},[20,47961,47962],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,47964,47965],{"className":37,"code":47193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47966,47967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47968,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47970,106],{"class":105},[44,47972,93],{"class":58},[44,47974,1560],{"class":909},[44,47976,93],{"class":58},[44,47978,279],{"class":278},[44,47980,45963],{"class":282},[44,47982,279],{"class":278},[44,47984,66],{"class":58},[44,47986,69],{"class":62},[44,47988,973],{"class":58},[693,47990,1129,47992,47994],{"id":47991},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,47993,2248],{}," to round",[20,47996,47997],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,47999,48001],{"className":37,"code":48000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48002,48003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48004,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48006,106],{"class":105},[44,48008,93],{"class":58},[44,48010,1560],{"class":909},[44,48012,93],{"class":58},[44,48014,48015],{"class":62},"4.9",[44,48017,973],{"class":58},[20,48019,118],{},[35,48021,48023],{"className":37,"code":48022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48024,48025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48026,48027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48028,48022],{"class":62},[20,48030,2538,48031,48033,48034,48036],{},[15,48032,1508],{},", remember that ",[15,48035,2248],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,48038,1235],{"id":1234},[693,48040,1239,48042,48044],{"id":48041},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48043,2248],{}," round numbers?",[20,48046,45736,48047,48049],{},[15,48048,2248],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[693,48051,4532,48053,48056],{"id":48052},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48054,48055],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48058,28429,48059,48061,48062,48064,48065,39298],{},[15,48060,47466],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48063,2254],{}," first, then use ",[15,48066,2248],{},[693,48068,4516,48070,12088],{"id":48069},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48071,48072],{},"int(True)",[20,48074,4522,48075,27681,48077,41524,48079,86],{},[15,48076,63],{},[15,48078,3045],{},[15,48080,1491],{},[693,48082,48084],{"id":48083},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48086,48087],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,48089,1279],{"id":1278},[165,48091,48092,48098,48104,48110,48115,48119,48125],{},[168,48093,48094],{},[184,48095,48096,2878],{"href":2251},[15,48097,2254],{},[168,48099,48100],{},[184,48101,48102,2878],{"href":41544},[15,48103,47055],{},[168,48105,48106],{},[184,48107,48108,2878],{"href":5156},[15,48109,3183],{},[168,48111,48112],{},[184,48113,48114],{"href":2332},"How to convert string to int in Python",[168,48116,48117],{},[184,48118,8436],{"href":8358},[168,48120,48121],{},[184,48122,48123,2878],{"href":7597},[15,48124,2328],{},[168,48126,48127],{},[184,48128,29713,48129],{"href":45287},[15,48130,45288],{},[1304,48132,48133],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":48135},[48136,48137,48139,48143,48148,48150,48152,48157,48161,48163,48172,48181],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":46000,"depth":80,"text":48138},"What int() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":48140},[48141,48142],{"id":46191,"depth":102,"text":46194},{"id":46291,"depth":102,"text":46294},{"id":46427,"depth":80,"text":48144,"children":48145},"Using int() with strings",[48146,48147],{"id":46549,"depth":102,"text":46550},{"id":46637,"depth":102,"text":46638},{"id":46912,"depth":80,"text":48149},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47058,"depth":80,"text":48151},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47178,"depth":80,"text":47179,"children":48153},[48154,48155,48156],{"id":47189,"depth":102,"text":47190},{"id":47258,"depth":102,"text":47259},{"id":47299,"depth":102,"text":47300},{"id":47357,"depth":80,"text":47358,"children":48158},[48159,48160],{"id":40882,"depth":102,"text":40072},{"id":40948,"depth":102,"text":1081},{"id":47701,"depth":80,"text":48162},"When to use int()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":48164},[48165,48166,48167,48169,48170],{"id":47805,"depth":102,"text":47806},{"id":47857,"depth":102,"text":47858},{"id":47875,"depth":102,"text":48168},"Trying int(None)",{"id":47948,"depth":102,"text":47949},{"id":47991,"depth":102,"text":48171},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":48173},[48174,48176,48178,48180],{"id":48041,"depth":102,"text":48175},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48052,"depth":102,"text":48177},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48069,"depth":102,"text":48179},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48083,"depth":102,"text":48084},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41465,"description":48182},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48189,"title":48190,"body":48191,"description":50027,"extension":1334,"meta":50028,"navigation":322,"path":44173,"seo":50029,"stem":50030,"__hash__":50031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48192,"toc":49983},[48193,48198,48203,48211,48220,48222,48281,48287,48292,48297,48300,48328,48331,48334,48345,48355,48357,48359,48379,48383,48411,48413,48452,48454,48462,48464,48467,48471,48524,48526,48538,48542,48599,48601,48613,48619,48625,48629,48632,48635,48701,48703,48715,48721,48723,48775,48778,48819,48822,48829,48838,48844,48847,48880,48886,48889,48920,48926,48929,48941,48945,48950,48954,49112,49114,49129,49132,49136,49240,49242,49259,49263,49324,49326,49334,49337,49341,49408,49410,49419,49425,49427,49436,49438,49473,49478,49480,49510,49514,49516,49553,49556,49558,49595,49601,49603,49653,49655,49663,49673,49679,49683,49688,49737,49739,49752,49755,49757,49760,49835,49838,49857,49860,49890,49900,49902,49907,49914,49920,49926,49933,49941,49947,49950,49952,49980],[10,48194,2945,48196,2949],{"id":48195},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48197,44176],{},[20,48199,48200,48202],{},[15,48201,44176],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48204,48205,48206,188,48208,48210],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48207,987],{},[15,48209,3045],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48212,48213,48214,48216,48217,48219],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48215,44176],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48218,1675],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,48221,2978],{"id":2977},[35,48223,48225],{"className":37,"code":48224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48226,48227,48235,48239,48260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48228,48229,48231,48233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48230,1819],{"class":50},[44,48232,55],{"class":54},[44,48234,1958],{"class":62},[44,48236,48237],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48238,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,48240,48241,48243,48245,48248,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48242,106],{"class":105},[44,48244,93],{"class":58},[44,48246,48247],{"class":105},"isinstance",[44,48249,93],{"class":58},[44,48251,1188],{"class":89},[44,48253,66],{"class":58},[44,48255,44647],{"class":909},[44,48257,4737],{"class":58},[44,48259,43225],{"class":3034},[44,48261,48262,48264,48266,48268,48270,48272,48274,48277,48279],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,48263,106],{"class":105},[44,48265,93],{"class":58},[44,48267,48247],{"class":105},[44,48269,93],{"class":58},[44,48271,1188],{"class":89},[44,48273,66],{"class":58},[44,48275,48276],{"class":909}," str",[44,48278,4737],{"class":58},[44,48280,43242],{"class":3034},[20,48282,148,48283,48286],{},[15,48284,48285],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,48288,155,48290,158],{"id":48289},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48291,44176],{},[20,48293,48294,48296],{},[15,48295,44176],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48298,48299],{},"It:",[165,48301,48302,48305,48311,48314],{},[168,48303,48304],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[168,48306,10799,48307,188,48309],{},[15,48308,987],{},[15,48310,3045],{},[168,48312,48313],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[168,48315,48316,48317,1561,48319,1561,48321,1561,48323,16441,48326],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48318,2812],{},[15,48320,1560],{},[15,48322,1097],{},[15,48324,48325],{},"tuple",[15,48327,8199],{},[20,48329,48330],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48332,48333],{},"For example, you might want to:",[165,48335,48336,48339,48342],{},[168,48337,48338],{},"loop through a list",[168,48340,48341],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[168,48343,48344],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48346,48347,48348,188,48351,86],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[184,48349,44168],{"href":48350},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[184,48352,48354],{"href":48353},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,48356,196],{"id":195},[20,48358,1531],{},[35,48360,48362],{"className":37,"code":48361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48363,48364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48365,48366,48368,48370,48372,48374,48377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48367,48247],{"class":105},[44,48369,93],{"class":58},[44,48371,41768],{"class":909},[44,48373,66],{"class":58},[44,48375,48376],{"class":89}," classinfo",[44,48378,99],{"class":58},[693,48380,48382],{"id":48381},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[165,48384,48385,48390,48404],{},[168,48386,48387,48389],{},[15,48388,41768],{}," is the value you want to test",[168,48391,48392,48395,48396,1561,48398,1561,48400,1565,48402],{},[15,48393,48394],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48397,1560],{},[15,48399,2812],{},[15,48401,1097],{},[15,48403,8199],{},[168,48405,48406,48407,188,48409],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48408,987],{},[15,48410,3045],{},[20,48412,894],{},[35,48414,48416],{"className":37,"code":48415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48417,48418,48430,48434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48419,48420,48422,48424,48426,48428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48421,7254],{"class":50},[44,48423,55],{"class":54},[44,48425,290],{"class":278},[44,48427,10881],{"class":282},[44,48429,2727],{"class":278},[44,48431,48432],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48433,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,48435,48436,48438,48440,48442,48444,48446,48448,48450],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48437,106],{"class":105},[44,48439,93],{"class":58},[44,48441,48247],{"class":105},[44,48443,93],{"class":58},[44,48445,7046],{"class":89},[44,48447,66],{"class":58},[44,48449,48276],{"class":909},[44,48451,973],{"class":58},[20,48453,118],{},[35,48455,48456],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48457,48458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48459,48460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48461,3350],{"class":871},[30,48463,258],{"id":257},[20,48465,48466],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[693,48468,48470],{"id":48469},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,48472,48474],{"className":37,"code":48473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48475,48476,48484,48488,48506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48477,48478,48480,48482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48479,1819],{"class":50},[44,48481,55],{"class":54},[44,48483,44596],{"class":62},[44,48485,48486],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48487,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,48489,48490,48492,48494,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48491,106],{"class":105},[44,48493,93],{"class":58},[44,48495,48247],{"class":105},[44,48497,93],{"class":58},[44,48499,1188],{"class":89},[44,48501,66],{"class":58},[44,48503,44647],{"class":909},[44,48505,973],{"class":58},[44,48507,48508,48510,48512,48514,48516,48518,48520,48522],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,48509,106],{"class":105},[44,48511,93],{"class":58},[44,48513,48247],{"class":105},[44,48515,93],{"class":58},[44,48517,1188],{"class":89},[44,48519,66],{"class":58},[44,48521,48276],{"class":909},[44,48523,973],{"class":58},[20,48525,118],{},[35,48527,48528],{"className":37,"code":43544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48529,48530,48534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48531,48532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48533,3350],{"class":871},[44,48535,48536],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48537,3411],{"class":871},[693,48539,48541],{"id":48540},"check-text","Check text",[35,48543,48545],{"className":37,"code":48544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48546,48547,48559,48563,48581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48548,48549,48551,48553,48555,48557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48550,34054],{"class":50},[44,48552,55],{"class":54},[44,48554,290],{"class":278},[44,48556,948],{"class":282},[44,48558,2727],{"class":278},[44,48560,48561],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48562,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,48564,48565,48567,48569,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48566,106],{"class":105},[44,48568,93],{"class":58},[44,48570,48247],{"class":105},[44,48572,93],{"class":58},[44,48574,34075],{"class":89},[44,48576,66],{"class":58},[44,48578,48276],{"class":909},[44,48580,973],{"class":58},[44,48582,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591,48593,48595,48597],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,48584,106],{"class":105},[44,48586,93],{"class":58},[44,48588,48247],{"class":105},[44,48590,93],{"class":58},[44,48592,34075],{"class":89},[44,48594,66],{"class":58},[44,48596,44647],{"class":909},[44,48598,973],{"class":58},[20,48600,118],{},[35,48602,48603],{"className":37,"code":43544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48604,48605,48609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48606,48607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48608,3350],{"class":871},[44,48610,48611],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48612,3411],{"class":871},[20,48614,48615,48616,48618],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48617,44176],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48620,48621,48622,86],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[184,48623,48624],{"href":2332},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,48626,48628],{"id":48627},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48630,48631],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48633,48634],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,48636,48638],{"className":37,"code":48637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48639,48640,48649,48653,48677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48641,48642,48644,48646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48643,1819],{"class":50},[44,48645,55],{"class":54},[44,48647,48648],{"class":62}," 3.5\n",[44,48650,48651],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48652,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,48654,48655,48657,48659,48661,48663,48665,48667,48669,48671,48673,48675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48656,106],{"class":105},[44,48658,93],{"class":58},[44,48660,48247],{"class":105},[44,48662,93],{"class":58},[44,48664,1188],{"class":89},[44,48666,66],{"class":58},[44,48668,8615],{"class":58},[44,48670,1560],{"class":909},[44,48672,66],{"class":58},[44,48674,39624],{"class":909},[44,48676,2282],{"class":58},[44,48678,48679,48681,48683,48685,48687,48689,48691,48693,48695,48697,48699],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,48680,106],{"class":105},[44,48682,93],{"class":58},[44,48684,48247],{"class":105},[44,48686,93],{"class":58},[44,48688,1188],{"class":89},[44,48690,66],{"class":58},[44,48692,8615],{"class":58},[44,48694,2812],{"class":909},[44,48696,66],{"class":58},[44,48698,21927],{"class":909},[44,48700,2282],{"class":58},[20,48702,118],{},[35,48704,48705],{"className":37,"code":43544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48706,48707,48711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48708,48709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48710,3350],{"class":871},[44,48712,48713],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48714,3411],{"class":871},[20,48716,48717,48718,48720],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48719,40205],{}," conditions.",[20,48722,7676],{},[35,48724,48726],{"className":37,"code":48725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48727,48728,48736,48740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48729,48730,48732,48734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48731,1819],{"class":50},[44,48733,55],{"class":54},[44,48735,48648],{"class":62},[44,48737,48738],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48739,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,48741,48742,48744,48746,48748,48750,48752,48754,48756,48758,48760,48763,48765,48767,48769,48771,48773],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48743,106],{"class":105},[44,48745,93],{"class":58},[44,48747,1090],{"class":909},[44,48749,93],{"class":58},[44,48751,1188],{"class":89},[44,48753,3031],{"class":58},[44,48755,5785],{"class":54},[44,48757,44647],{"class":909},[44,48759,47607],{"class":3246},[44,48761,48762],{"class":909}," type",[44,48764,93],{"class":58},[44,48766,1188],{"class":89},[44,48768,3031],{"class":58},[44,48770,5785],{"class":54},[44,48772,39624],{"class":909},[44,48774,99],{"class":58},[20,48776,48777],{},"you can write this:",[35,48779,48781],{"className":37,"code":48780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48782,48783,48791,48795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48784,48785,48787,48789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48786,1819],{"class":50},[44,48788,55],{"class":54},[44,48790,48648],{"class":62},[44,48792,48793],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48794,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,48796,48797,48799,48801,48803,48805,48807,48809,48811,48813,48815,48817],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48798,106],{"class":105},[44,48800,93],{"class":58},[44,48802,48247],{"class":105},[44,48804,93],{"class":58},[44,48806,1188],{"class":89},[44,48808,66],{"class":58},[44,48810,8615],{"class":58},[44,48812,1560],{"class":909},[44,48814,66],{"class":58},[44,48816,39624],{"class":909},[44,48818,2282],{"class":58},[20,48820,48821],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,48823,48825,525,48827],{"id":48824},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48826,44176],{},[15,48828,1675],{},[20,48830,9966,48831,3766,48833,48837],{},[15,48832,44176],{},[184,48834,48835],{"href":1672},[15,48836,1675],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[693,48839,48841],{"id":48840},"typevalue-int",[15,48842,48843],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48845,48846],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,48848,48850],{"className":37,"code":48849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48851,48852,48860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48853,48854,48856,48858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48855,1819],{"class":50},[44,48857,55],{"class":54},[44,48859,1958],{"class":62},[44,48861,48862,48864,48866,48868,48870,48872,48874,48876,48878],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48863,106],{"class":105},[44,48865,93],{"class":58},[44,48867,1090],{"class":909},[44,48869,93],{"class":58},[44,48871,1188],{"class":89},[44,48873,3031],{"class":58},[44,48875,5785],{"class":54},[44,48877,44647],{"class":909},[44,48879,99],{"class":58},[693,48881,48883],{"id":48882},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,48884,48885],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,48887,48888],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,48890,48892],{"className":37,"code":48891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,48893,48894,48902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48895,48896,48898,48900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48897,1819],{"class":50},[44,48899,55],{"class":54},[44,48901,1958],{"class":62},[44,48903,48904,48906,48908,48910,48912,48914,48916,48918],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48905,106],{"class":105},[44,48907,93],{"class":58},[44,48909,48247],{"class":105},[44,48911,93],{"class":58},[44,48913,1188],{"class":89},[44,48915,66],{"class":58},[44,48917,44647],{"class":909},[44,48919,973],{"class":58},[20,48921,48922,48923,48925],{},"For beginners, ",[15,48924,44176],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,48927,48928],{},"In everyday code:",[165,48930,48931,48936],{},[168,48932,39359,48933,48935],{},[15,48934,1675],{}," when you need the exact type",[168,48937,39359,48938,48940],{},[15,48939,44176],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,48942,48944],{"id":48943},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,48946,48947,48948,86],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,48949,44176],{},[693,48951,48953],{"id":48952},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,48955,48957],{"className":37,"code":48956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,48958,48959,48977,48996,49008,49013,49031,49042,49046,49058,49062,49086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48960,48961,48963,48966,48968,48970,48972,48975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48962,34218],{"class":1436},[44,48964,48965],{"class":34221}," repeat_text",[44,48967,93],{"class":58},[44,48969,34075],{"class":37030},[44,48971,66],{"class":58},[44,48973,48974],{"class":37030}," count",[44,48976,7720],{"class":58},[44,48978,48979,48981,48983,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,48980,5775],{"class":3246},[44,48982,7477],{"class":54},[44,48984,48985],{"class":105}," isinstance",[44,48987,93],{"class":58},[44,48989,34075],{"class":89},[44,48991,66],{"class":58},[44,48993,48276],{"class":909},[44,48995,7720],{"class":58},[44,48997,48998,49001,49003,49006],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48999,49000],{"class":3246},"        return",[44,49002,290],{"class":278},[44,49004,49005],{"class":282},"text must be a string",[44,49007,2727],{"class":278},[44,49009,49010],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,49011,49012],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49014,49015,49017,49019,49021,49023,49025,49027,49029],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,49016,5775],{"class":3246},[44,49018,7477],{"class":54},[44,49020,48985],{"class":105},[44,49022,93],{"class":58},[44,49024,40628],{"class":89},[44,49026,66],{"class":58},[44,49028,44647],{"class":909},[44,49030,7720],{"class":58},[44,49032,49033,49035,49037,49040],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,49034,49000],{"class":3246},[44,49036,290],{"class":278},[44,49038,49039],{"class":282},"count must be an integer",[44,49041,2727],{"class":278},[44,49043,49044],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,49045,49012],{"class":50},[44,49047,49048,49050,49053,49055],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,49049,34229],{"class":3246},[44,49051,49052],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49054,39241],{"class":54},[44,49056,49057],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49059,49060],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,49061,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,49063,49064,49066,49068,49071,49073,49075,49078,49080,49082,49084],{"class":46,"line":5812},[44,49065,106],{"class":105},[44,49067,93],{"class":58},[44,49069,49070],{"class":89},"repeat_text",[44,49072,93],{"class":58},[44,49074,279],{"class":278},[44,49076,49077],{"class":282},"Hi ",[44,49079,279],{"class":278},[44,49081,66],{"class":58},[44,49083,74],{"class":62},[44,49085,973],{"class":58},[44,49087,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110],{"class":46,"line":10967},[44,49089,106],{"class":105},[44,49091,93],{"class":58},[44,49093,49070],{"class":89},[44,49095,93],{"class":58},[44,49097,279],{"class":278},[44,49099,49077],{"class":282},[44,49101,279],{"class":278},[44,49103,66],{"class":58},[44,49105,290],{"class":278},[44,49107,1433],{"class":282},[44,49109,279],{"class":278},[44,49111,973],{"class":58},[20,49113,118],{},[35,49115,49117],{"className":37,"code":49116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49118,49119,49124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49120,49121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49122,49123],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49125,49126],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49127,49128],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49130,49131],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[693,49133,49135],{"id":49134},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,49137,49139],{"className":37,"code":49138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49140,49141,49173,49177,49193,49208,49225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49142,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169,49171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49144,1819],{"class":50},[44,49146,55],{"class":54},[44,49148,2992],{"class":58},[44,49150,279],{"class":278},[44,49152,184],{"class":282},[44,49154,279],{"class":278},[44,49156,66],{"class":58},[44,49158,290],{"class":278},[44,49160,563],{"class":282},[44,49162,279],{"class":278},[44,49164,66],{"class":58},[44,49166,290],{"class":278},[44,49168,583],{"class":282},[44,49170,279],{"class":278},[44,49172,3005],{"class":58},[44,49174,49175],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49176,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,49178,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187,49189,49191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49180,6374],{"class":3246},[44,49182,48985],{"class":105},[44,49184,93],{"class":58},[44,49186,1188],{"class":89},[44,49188,66],{"class":58},[44,49190,48276],{"class":909},[44,49192,7720],{"class":58},[44,49194,49195,49197,49199,49201,49204,49206],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,49196,7447],{"class":105},[44,49198,93],{"class":58},[44,49200,279],{"class":278},[44,49202,49203],{"class":282},"This is text",[44,49205,279],{"class":278},[44,49207,99],{"class":58},[44,49209,49210,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,49211,49212],{"class":3246},"elif",[44,49214,48985],{"class":105},[44,49216,93],{"class":58},[44,49218,1188],{"class":89},[44,49220,66],{"class":58},[44,49222,21927],{"class":909},[44,49224,7720],{"class":58},[44,49226,49227,49229,49231,49233,49236,49238],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,49228,7447],{"class":105},[44,49230,93],{"class":58},[44,49232,279],{"class":278},[44,49234,49235],{"class":282},"This is a list",[44,49237,279],{"class":278},[44,49239,99],{"class":58},[20,49241,118],{},[35,49243,49245],{"className":37,"code":49244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,49246,49247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49248,49249,49252,49254,49256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49250,49251],{"class":50},"This ",[44,49253,11566],{"class":54},[44,49255,43915],{"class":50},[44,49257,49258],{"class":909},"list\n",[693,49260,49262],{"id":49261},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,49264,49266],{"className":37,"code":49265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49267,49268,49280,49284,49300,49314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49269,49270,49272,49274,49276,49278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49271,1819],{"class":50},[44,49273,55],{"class":54},[44,49275,290],{"class":278},[44,49277,45897],{"class":282},[44,49279,2727],{"class":278},[44,49281,49282],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49283,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,49285,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49287,6374],{"class":3246},[44,49289,48985],{"class":105},[44,49291,93],{"class":58},[44,49293,1188],{"class":89},[44,49295,66],{"class":58},[44,49297,48276],{"class":909},[44,49299,7720],{"class":58},[44,49301,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,49303,41259],{"class":50},[44,49305,55],{"class":54},[44,49307,44647],{"class":909},[44,49309,93],{"class":58},[44,49311,1188],{"class":89},[44,49313,99],{"class":58},[44,49315,49316,49318,49320,49322],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,49317,7447],{"class":105},[44,49319,93],{"class":58},[44,49321,1612],{"class":89},[44,49323,99],{"class":58},[20,49325,118],{},[35,49327,49328],{"className":37,"code":45983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49329,49330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49331,49332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49333,45983],{"class":62},[20,49335,49336],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[693,49338,49340],{"id":49339},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,49342,49344],{"className":37,"code":49343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49345,49346,49370,49374,49390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49347,49348,49350,49352,49354,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49349,1819],{"class":50},[44,49351,55],{"class":54},[44,49353,59],{"class":58},[44,49355,279],{"class":278},[44,49357,7046],{"class":282},[44,49359,279],{"class":278},[44,49361,1084],{"class":58},[44,49363,290],{"class":278},[44,49365,12253],{"class":282},[44,49367,279],{"class":278},[44,49369,77],{"class":58},[44,49371,49372],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49373,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,49375,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49377,6374],{"class":3246},[44,49379,48985],{"class":105},[44,49381,93],{"class":58},[44,49383,1188],{"class":89},[44,49385,66],{"class":58},[44,49387,8549],{"class":909},[44,49389,7720],{"class":58},[44,49391,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400,49402,49404,49406],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,49393,7447],{"class":105},[44,49395,93],{"class":58},[44,49397,1188],{"class":89},[44,49399,3270],{"class":58},[44,49401,279],{"class":278},[44,49403,7046],{"class":282},[44,49405,279],{"class":278},[44,49407,677],{"class":58},[20,49409,118],{},[35,49411,49413],{"className":37,"code":49412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,49414,49415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49416,49417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49418,49412],{"class":50},[20,49420,49421,49422,49424],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49423,1081],{}," messages later.",[30,49426,3892],{"id":3891},[693,49428,49430,49431,1264,49434],{"id":49429},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49432,49433],{},"\"int\"",[15,49435,1560],{},[20,49437,16012],{},[35,49439,49441],{"className":37,"code":49440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49442,49443,49451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49444,49445,49447,49449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49446,1819],{"class":50},[44,49448,55],{"class":54},[44,49450,1958],{"class":62},[44,49452,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49454,106],{"class":105},[44,49456,93],{"class":58},[44,49458,48247],{"class":105},[44,49460,93],{"class":58},[44,49462,1188],{"class":89},[44,49464,66],{"class":58},[44,49466,290],{"class":278},[44,49468,1560],{"class":282},[44,49470,279],{"class":278},[44,49472,973],{"class":58},[20,49474,49475,49477],{},[15,49476,49433],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49479,16024],{},[35,49481,49482],{"className":37,"code":48891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49483,49484,49492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49485,49486,49488,49490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49487,1819],{"class":50},[44,49489,55],{"class":54},[44,49491,1958],{"class":62},[44,49493,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49495,106],{"class":105},[44,49497,93],{"class":58},[44,49499,48247],{"class":105},[44,49501,93],{"class":58},[44,49503,1188],{"class":89},[44,49505,66],{"class":58},[44,49507,44647],{"class":909},[44,49509,973],{"class":58},[693,49511,49513],{"id":49512},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49515,16012],{},[35,49517,49519],{"className":37,"code":49518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49520,49521,49529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49522,49523,49525,49527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49524,1819],{"class":50},[44,49526,55],{"class":54},[44,49528,34209],{"class":62},[44,49530,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49532,106],{"class":105},[44,49534,93],{"class":58},[44,49536,48247],{"class":105},[44,49538,93],{"class":58},[44,49540,1188],{"class":89},[44,49542,66],{"class":58},[44,49544,2992],{"class":58},[44,49546,1560],{"class":909},[44,49548,66],{"class":58},[44,49550,39624],{"class":909},[44,49552,2368],{"class":58},[20,49554,49555],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49557,16024],{},[35,49559,49561],{"className":37,"code":49560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49562,49563,49571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49564,49565,49567,49569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49566,1819],{"class":50},[44,49568,55],{"class":54},[44,49570,34209],{"class":62},[44,49572,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49574,106],{"class":105},[44,49576,93],{"class":58},[44,49578,48247],{"class":105},[44,49580,93],{"class":58},[44,49582,1188],{"class":89},[44,49584,66],{"class":58},[44,49586,8615],{"class":58},[44,49588,1560],{"class":909},[44,49590,66],{"class":58},[44,49592,39624],{"class":909},[44,49594,2282],{"class":58},[693,49596,25141,49598,49600],{"id":49597},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49599,44176],{}," converts a value",[20,49602,18279],{},[35,49604,49606],{"className":37,"code":49605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49607,49608,49621,49639,49643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49609,49610,49612,49614,49616,49619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49611,1819],{"class":50},[44,49613,55],{"class":54},[44,49615,290],{"class":278},[44,49617,49618],{"class":282},"123",[44,49620,2727],{"class":278},[44,49622,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49624,1602],{"class":50},[44,49626,55],{"class":54},[44,49628,48985],{"class":105},[44,49630,93],{"class":58},[44,49632,1188],{"class":89},[44,49634,66],{"class":58},[44,49636,44647],{"class":909},[44,49638,99],{"class":58},[44,49640,49641],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49642,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,49644,49645,49647,49649,49651],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,49646,106],{"class":105},[44,49648,93],{"class":58},[44,49650,1637],{"class":89},[44,49652,99],{"class":58},[20,49654,118],{},[35,49656,49657],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49658,49659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49660,49661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49662,3411],{"class":871},[20,49664,49665,49666,49669,49670,49672],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49667,49668],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49671,49618],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49674,49675,49676,6007],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49677,49678],{},"int(value)",[693,49680,49682],{"id":49681},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49684,49685,49687],{},[15,49686,44176],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,49689,49691],{"className":37,"code":49690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49692,49693,49705,49709,49727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49694,49695,49697,49699,49701,49703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49696,1819],{"class":50},[44,49698,55],{"class":54},[44,49700,290],{"class":278},[44,49702,12929],{"class":282},[44,49704,2727],{"class":278},[44,49706,49707],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49708,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,49710,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721,49723,49725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49712,106],{"class":105},[44,49714,93],{"class":58},[44,49716,48247],{"class":105},[44,49718,93],{"class":58},[44,49720,1188],{"class":89},[44,49722,66],{"class":58},[44,49724,48276],{"class":909},[44,49726,973],{"class":58},[44,49728,49729,49731,49733,49735],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,49730,106],{"class":105},[44,49732,93],{"class":58},[44,49734,1188],{"class":89},[44,49736,99],{"class":58},[20,49738,118],{},[35,49740,49742],{"className":37,"code":49741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,49743,49744,49748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49745,49746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49747,3350],{"class":871},[44,49749,49750],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49751,46634],{"class":62},[20,49753,49754],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,49756,25309],{"id":25308},[20,49758,49759],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,49761,49763],{"className":37,"code":49762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49764,49765,49779,49797,49821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49766,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49768,106],{"class":105},[44,49770,93],{"class":58},[44,49772,1090],{"class":909},[44,49774,93],{"class":58},[44,49776,1188],{"class":89},[44,49778,973],{"class":58},[44,49780,49781,49783,49785,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,49782,106],{"class":105},[44,49784,93],{"class":58},[44,49786,48247],{"class":105},[44,49788,93],{"class":58},[44,49790,1188],{"class":89},[44,49792,66],{"class":58},[44,49794,44647],{"class":909},[44,49796,973],{"class":58},[44,49798,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49800,106],{"class":105},[44,49802,93],{"class":58},[44,49804,48247],{"class":105},[44,49806,93],{"class":58},[44,49808,1188],{"class":89},[44,49810,66],{"class":58},[44,49812,8615],{"class":58},[44,49814,1560],{"class":909},[44,49816,66],{"class":58},[44,49818,39624],{"class":909},[44,49820,2282],{"class":58},[44,49822,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,49824,106],{"class":105},[44,49826,93],{"class":58},[44,49828,41148],{"class":105},[44,49830,93],{"class":58},[44,49832,1188],{"class":89},[44,49834,973],{"class":58},[20,49836,49837],{},"These can help when:",[165,49839,49840,49843,49848,49851],{},[168,49841,49842],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[168,49844,49845,49846],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49847,1081],{},[168,49849,49850],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[168,49852,49853,49854,49856],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49855,44176],{}," is invalid",[20,49858,49859],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[165,49861,49862,49876,49882,49887],{},[168,49863,49864,49865,188,49868,49871,49872,188,49874],{},"using ",[15,49866,49867],{},"'int'",[15,49869,49870],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,49873,1560],{},[15,49875,2812],{},[168,49877,49878,49879,49881],{},"expecting ",[15,49880,44176],{}," to convert a value",[168,49883,49864,49884,49886],{},[15,49885,1675],{}," when inherited types should also match",[168,49888,49889],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,49891,49892,49893,86],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[184,49894,49896,49897],{"href":49895},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,49898,49899],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,49901,1235],{"id":1234},[693,49903,4516,49905,4519],{"id":49904},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,49906,44176],{},[20,49908,4522,49909,49911,49912,86],{},[15,49910,987],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,49913,3045],{},[693,49915,4544,49917,49919],{"id":49916},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,49918,44176],{}," check more than one type?",[20,49921,49922,49923,86],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,49924,49925],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[693,49927,4554,49929,3766,49931,1863],{"id":49928},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,49930,44176],{},[15,49932,1675],{},[20,49934,49935,49937,49938,49940],{},[15,49936,1675],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,49939,44176],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[693,49942,1239,49944,49946],{"id":49943},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,49945,44176],{}," convert a value?",[20,49948,49949],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,49951,1279],{"id":1278},[165,49953,49954,49960,49964,49969,49974],{},[168,49955,49956],{},[184,49957,2945,49958,2878],{"href":1672},[15,49959,1675],{},[168,49961,49962],{},[184,49963,44168],{"href":48350},[168,49965,49966],{},[184,49967,49968],{"href":2332},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[168,49970,49971],{},[184,49972,49973],{"href":48353},"What is a data type in Python?",[168,49975,49976],{},[184,49977,49896,49978],{"href":49895},[15,49979,49899],{},[1304,49981,49982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":49984},[49985,49986,49988,49991,49995,49996,50001,50007,50015,50016,50026],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":48289,"depth":80,"text":49987},"What isinstance() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":49989},[49990],{"id":48381,"depth":102,"text":48382},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258,"children":49992},[49993,49994],{"id":48469,"depth":102,"text":48470},{"id":48540,"depth":102,"text":48541},{"id":48627,"depth":80,"text":48628},{"id":48824,"depth":80,"text":49997,"children":49998},"isinstance() vs type()",[49999,50000],{"id":48840,"depth":102,"text":48843},{"id":48882,"depth":102,"text":48885},{"id":48943,"depth":80,"text":48944,"children":50002},[50003,50004,50005,50006],{"id":48952,"depth":102,"text":48953},{"id":49134,"depth":102,"text":49135},{"id":49261,"depth":102,"text":49262},{"id":49339,"depth":102,"text":49340},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":50008},[50009,50011,50012,50014],{"id":49429,"depth":102,"text":50010},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49512,"depth":102,"text":49513},{"id":49597,"depth":102,"text":50013},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49681,"depth":102,"text":49682},{"id":25308,"depth":80,"text":25309},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":50017},[50018,50020,50022,50024],{"id":49904,"depth":102,"text":50019},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49916,"depth":102,"text":50021},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49928,"depth":102,"text":50023},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":49943,"depth":102,"text":50025},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48190,"description":50027},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50033,"title":50034,"body":50035,"description":52008,"extension":1334,"meta":52009,"navigation":322,"path":52010,"seo":52011,"stem":52012,"__hash__":52013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50036,"toc":51983},[50037,50040,50045,50050,50064,50067,50069,50144,50149,50153,50158,50161,50175,50177,50343,50356,50358,50360,50375,50378,50381,50394,50396,50494,50498,50504,50507,50516,50518,50553,50558,50579,50584,50589,50621,50624,50681,50685,50691,50694,50747,50749,50789,50792,50860,50863,50914,50921,50925,50931,51016,51022,51028,51077,51080,51083,51133,51135,51140,51144,51194,51198,51245,51249,51326,51330,51395,51398,51402,51407,51412,51424,51426,51445,51451,51454,51473,51478,51505,51512,51516,51522,51525,51620,51623,51626,51675,51680,51682,51686,51721,51724,51781,51791,51794,51828,51831,51833,51837,51840,51844,51847,51851,51854,51858,51871,51875,51880,51882,51932,51944,51946,51980],[10,50038,50034],{"id":50039},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50041,8501,50042,50044],{},[15,50043,41730],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50046,34773,50047,50049],{},[15,50048,41730],{}," to count:",[165,50051,50052,50055,50058,50061],{},[168,50053,50054],{},"characters in a string",[168,50056,50057],{},"items in a list or tuple",[168,50059,50060],{},"keys in a dictionary",[168,50062,50063],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50065,50066],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,50068,33],{"id":32},[35,50070,50072],{"className":37,"code":50071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50073,50074,50086,50106,50110,50127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50077,34054],{"class":50},[44,50079,55],{"class":54},[44,50081,290],{"class":278},[44,50083,948],{"class":282},[44,50085,2727],{"class":278},[44,50087,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50089,904],{"class":50},[44,50091,55],{"class":54},[44,50093,2992],{"class":58},[44,50095,931],{"class":62},[44,50097,66],{"class":58},[44,50099,7168],{"class":62},[44,50101,66],{"class":58},[44,50103,7173],{"class":62},[44,50105,3005],{"class":58},[44,50107,50108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50109,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,50111,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,50113,106],{"class":105},[44,50115,93],{"class":58},[44,50117,10537],{"class":105},[44,50119,93],{"class":58},[44,50121,34075],{"class":89},[44,50123,4737],{"class":58},[44,50125,50126],{"class":3034},"   # 5\n",[44,50128,50129,50131,50133,50135,50137,50139,50141],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,50130,106],{"class":105},[44,50132,93],{"class":58},[44,50134,10537],{"class":105},[44,50136,93],{"class":58},[44,50138,922],{"class":89},[44,50140,4737],{"class":58},[44,50142,50143],{"class":3034},"  # 3\n",[20,50145,148,50146,50148],{},[15,50147,41730],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,50150,50152],{"id":50151},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50154,50155,50157],{},[15,50156,41730],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50159,50160],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[165,50162,50163,50166,50169,50172],{},[168,50164,50165],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[168,50167,50168],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[168,50170,50171],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[168,50173,50174],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50176,894],{},[35,50178,50180],{"className":37,"code":50179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50181,50182,50194,50219,50251,50271,50275,50292,50309,50326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50183,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50185,7254],{"class":50},[44,50187,55],{"class":54},[44,50189,290],{"class":278},[44,50191,7055],{"class":282},[44,50193,2727],{"class":278},[44,50195,50196,50198,50200,50202,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50217],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50197,51],{"class":50},[44,50199,55],{"class":54},[44,50201,2992],{"class":58},[44,50203,931],{"class":62},[44,50205,66],{"class":58},[44,50207,7168],{"class":62},[44,50209,66],{"class":58},[44,50211,7173],{"class":62},[44,50213,66],{"class":58},[44,50215,50216],{"class":62}," 40",[44,50218,3005],{"class":58},[44,50220,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50222,8544],{"class":50},[44,50224,55],{"class":54},[44,50226,59],{"class":58},[44,50228,279],{"class":278},[44,50230,184],{"class":282},[44,50232,279],{"class":278},[44,50234,1084],{"class":58},[44,50236,4874],{"class":62},[44,50238,66],{"class":58},[44,50240,290],{"class":278},[44,50242,563],{"class":282},[44,50244,279],{"class":278},[44,50246,1084],{"class":58},[44,50248,69],{"class":62},[44,50250,77],{"class":58},[44,50252,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,50254,3193],{"class":50},[44,50256,55],{"class":54},[44,50258,59],{"class":58},[44,50260,1508],{"class":62},[44,50262,66],{"class":58},[44,50264,37011],{"class":62},[44,50266,66],{"class":58},[44,50268,5370],{"class":62},[44,50270,77],{"class":58},[44,50272,50273],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,50274,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,50276,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285,50287,50289],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,50278,106],{"class":105},[44,50280,93],{"class":58},[44,50282,10537],{"class":105},[44,50284,93],{"class":58},[44,50286,7046],{"class":89},[44,50288,4737],{"class":58},[44,50290,50291],{"class":3034},"     # 3\n",[44,50293,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,50295,106],{"class":105},[44,50297,93],{"class":58},[44,50299,10537],{"class":105},[44,50301,93],{"class":58},[44,50303,83],{"class":89},[44,50305,4737],{"class":58},[44,50307,50308],{"class":3034},"  # 4\n",[44,50310,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,50312,106],{"class":105},[44,50314,93],{"class":58},[44,50316,10537],{"class":105},[44,50318,93],{"class":58},[44,50320,8583],{"class":89},[44,50322,4737],{"class":58},[44,50324,50325],{"class":3034},"     # 2\n",[44,50327,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336,50338,50340],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,50329,106],{"class":105},[44,50331,93],{"class":58},[44,50333,10537],{"class":105},[44,50335,93],{"class":58},[44,50337,4734],{"class":89},[44,50339,4737],{"class":58},[44,50341,50342],{"class":3034},"   # 3\n",[20,50344,50345,50346,1561,50350,16441,50354,86],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[184,50347,50349],{"href":50348},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[184,50351,50353],{"href":50352},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[184,50355,8534],{"href":8533},[30,50357,196],{"id":195},[20,50359,1531],{},[35,50361,50363],{"className":37,"code":50362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,50364,50365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50366,50367,50369,50371,50373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50368,10537],{"class":105},[44,50370,93],{"class":58},[44,50372,41768],{"class":909},[44,50374,99],{"class":58},[20,50376,50377],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50379,50380],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[165,50382,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391],{},[168,50384,37275],{},[168,50386,37269],{},[168,50388,37272],{},[168,50390,37278],{},[168,50392,50393],{},"a dictionary",[20,50395,894],{},[35,50397,50399],{"className":37,"code":50398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50400,50401,50422,50446,50468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50402,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50404,106],{"class":105},[44,50406,93],{"class":58},[44,50408,10537],{"class":105},[44,50410,93],{"class":58},[44,50412,279],{"class":278},[44,50414,39],{"class":282},[44,50416,279],{"class":278},[44,50418,4737],{"class":58},[44,50420,50421],{"class":3034},"      # 6\n",[44,50423,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50425,106],{"class":105},[44,50427,93],{"class":58},[44,50429,10537],{"class":105},[44,50431,650],{"class":58},[44,50433,63],{"class":62},[44,50435,66],{"class":58},[44,50437,69],{"class":62},[44,50439,66],{"class":58},[44,50441,74],{"class":62},[44,50443,4108],{"class":58},[44,50445,50291],{"class":3034},[44,50447,50448,50450,50452,50454,50456,50458,50460,50462,50465],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50449,106],{"class":105},[44,50451,93],{"class":58},[44,50453,10537],{"class":105},[44,50455,964],{"class":58},[44,50457,931],{"class":62},[44,50459,66],{"class":58},[44,50461,7168],{"class":62},[44,50463,50464],{"class":58},")))",[44,50466,50467],{"class":3034},"      # 2\n",[44,50469,50470,50472,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488,50491],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,50471,106],{"class":105},[44,50473,93],{"class":58},[44,50475,10537],{"class":105},[44,50477,4905],{"class":58},[44,50479,279],{"class":278},[44,50481,1545],{"class":282},[44,50483,279],{"class":278},[44,50485,1084],{"class":58},[44,50487,4874],{"class":62},[44,50489,50490],{"class":58},"}))",[44,50492,50493],{"class":3034},"      # 1\n",[30,50495,50497],{"id":50496},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50499,50500,50501,50503],{},"When you use ",[15,50502,41730],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50505,50506],{},"That includes:",[165,50508,50509,50511,50513],{},[168,50510,572],{},[168,50512,9829],{},[168,50514,50515],{},"punctuation",[20,50517,894],{},[35,50519,50521],{"className":37,"code":50520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50522,50523,50536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50524,50525,50527,50529,50531,50534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50526,34054],{"class":50},[44,50528,55],{"class":54},[44,50530,290],{"class":278},[44,50532,50533],{"class":282},"Hi there!",[44,50535,2727],{"class":278},[44,50537,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50539,106],{"class":105},[44,50541,93],{"class":58},[44,50543,10537],{"class":105},[44,50545,93],{"class":58},[44,50547,34075],{"class":89},[44,50549,4737],{"class":58},[44,50551,50552],{"class":3034},"  # 9\n",[20,50554,50555,50556,1863],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50557,1516],{},[165,50559,50560,50566,50570,50573],{},[168,50561,50562,50565],{},[15,50563,50564],{},"H"," = 1",[168,50567,50568,50565],{},[15,50569,35521],{},[168,50571,50572],{},"space = 1",[168,50574,50575,50578],{},[15,50576,50577],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50580,50581,50582],{},"Total: ",[15,50583,1516],{},[20,50585,50586,50587,1084],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50588,1491],{},[35,50590,50592],{"className":37,"code":50591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50593,50594,50603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50595,50596,50599,50601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50597,50598],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,50600,55],{"class":54},[44,50602,7259],{"class":278},[44,50604,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613,50616,50618],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50606,106],{"class":105},[44,50608,93],{"class":58},[44,50610,10537],{"class":105},[44,50612,93],{"class":58},[44,50614,50615],{"class":89},"empty_text",[44,50617,4737],{"class":58},[44,50619,50620],{"class":3034},"  # 0\n",[20,50622,50623],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,50625,50627],{"className":37,"code":50626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50628,50629,50642,50646,50666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50630,50631,50634,50636,50638,50640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50632,50633],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,50635,55],{"class":54},[44,50637,290],{"class":278},[44,50639,4377],{"class":282},[44,50641,2727],{"class":278},[44,50643,50644],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50645,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,50647,50648,50650,50652,50654,50657,50659,50662,50664],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50649,6374],{"class":3246},[44,50651,37754],{"class":105},[44,50653,93],{"class":58},[44,50655,50656],{"class":89},"user_name",[44,50658,3031],{"class":58},[44,50660,50661],{"class":54}," >=",[44,50663,74],{"class":62},[44,50665,5770],{"class":58},[44,50667,50668,50670,50672,50674,50677,50679],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,50669,7447],{"class":105},[44,50671,93],{"class":58},[44,50673,279],{"class":278},[44,50675,50676],{"class":282},"Name is long enough",[44,50678,279],{"class":278},[44,50680,99],{"class":58},[30,50682,50684],{"id":50683},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50686,50687,50688,50690],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50689,41730],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50692,50693],{},"Example with a list:",[35,50695,50697],{"className":37,"code":50696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50698,50699,50731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50700,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50702,271],{"class":50},[44,50704,55],{"class":54},[44,50706,2992],{"class":58},[44,50708,279],{"class":278},[44,50710,283],{"class":282},[44,50712,279],{"class":278},[44,50714,66],{"class":58},[44,50716,290],{"class":278},[44,50718,313],{"class":282},[44,50720,279],{"class":278},[44,50722,66],{"class":58},[44,50724,290],{"class":278},[44,50726,293],{"class":282},[44,50728,279],{"class":278},[44,50730,3005],{"class":58},[44,50732,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50734,106],{"class":105},[44,50736,93],{"class":58},[44,50738,10537],{"class":105},[44,50740,93],{"class":58},[44,50742,302],{"class":89},[44,50744,4737],{"class":58},[44,50746,50143],{"class":3034},[20,50748,37284],{},[35,50750,50752],{"className":37,"code":50751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50753,50754,50771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50755,50756,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50757,50758],{"class":50},"point ",[44,50760,55],{"class":54},[44,50762,8615],{"class":58},[44,50764,931],{"class":62},[44,50766,66],{"class":58},[44,50768,7168],{"class":62},[44,50770,99],{"class":58},[44,50772,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50784,50786],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50774,106],{"class":105},[44,50776,93],{"class":58},[44,50778,10537],{"class":105},[44,50780,93],{"class":58},[44,50782,50783],{"class":89},"point",[44,50785,4737],{"class":58},[44,50787,50788],{"class":3034},"  # 2\n",[20,50790,50791],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,50793,50795],{"className":37,"code":50794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50796,50797,50821,50825,50843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50798,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50800,904],{"class":50},[44,50802,55],{"class":54},[44,50804,2992],{"class":58},[44,50806,279],{"class":278},[44,50808,3450],{"class":282},[44,50810,279],{"class":278},[44,50812,66],{"class":58},[44,50814,290],{"class":278},[44,50816,3459],{"class":282},[44,50818,279],{"class":278},[44,50820,3005],{"class":58},[44,50822,50823],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50824,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,50826,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50828,6374],{"class":3246},[44,50830,37754],{"class":105},[44,50832,93],{"class":58},[44,50834,922],{"class":89},[44,50836,3031],{"class":58},[44,50838,37764],{"class":54},[44,50840,4874],{"class":62},[44,50842,5770],{"class":58},[44,50844,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855,50857],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,50846,7447],{"class":105},[44,50848,93],{"class":58},[44,50850,922],{"class":89},[44,50852,3270],{"class":58},[44,50854,63],{"class":62},[44,50856,19812],{"class":58},[44,50858,50859],{"class":3034},"  # banana\n",[20,50861,50862],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,50864,50866],{"className":37,"code":50865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50867,50868,50891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50869,50870,50872,50874,50876,50879,50881,50884,50886,50889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50871,4437],{"class":50},[44,50873,55],{"class":54},[44,50875,2992],{"class":58},[44,50877,50878],{"class":62},"88",[44,50880,66],{"class":58},[44,50882,50883],{"class":62}," 91",[44,50885,66],{"class":58},[44,50887,50888],{"class":62}," 75",[44,50890,3005],{"class":58},[44,50892,50893,50895,50897,50899,50902,50904,50906,50908,50910,50912],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50894,106],{"class":105},[44,50896,93],{"class":58},[44,50898,279],{"class":278},[44,50900,50901],{"class":282},"Number of scores:",[44,50903,279],{"class":278},[44,50905,66],{"class":58},[44,50907,37754],{"class":105},[44,50909,93],{"class":58},[44,50911,15757],{"class":89},[44,50913,973],{"class":58},[20,50915,50916,50917,86],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[184,50918,50920],{"href":50919},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,50922,50924],{"id":50923},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,50926,50927,50928,50930],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,50929,41730],{}," counts keys.",[35,50932,50934],{"className":37,"code":50933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,50935,50936,50944,50962,50976,50992,50996,51000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50937,50938,50940,50942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50939,12236],{"class":50},[44,50941,55],{"class":54},[44,50943,10865],{"class":58},[44,50945,50946,50948,50950,50952,50954,50956,50958,50960],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,50947,10870],{"class":278},[44,50949,7046],{"class":282},[44,50951,279],{"class":278},[44,50953,1084],{"class":58},[44,50955,290],{"class":278},[44,50957,7299],{"class":282},[44,50959,279],{"class":278},[44,50961,10886],{"class":58},[44,50963,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50965,10870],{"class":278},[44,50967,8677],{"class":282},[44,50969,279],{"class":278},[44,50971,1084],{"class":58},[44,50973,30308],{"class":62},[44,50975,10886],{"class":58},[44,50977,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,50979,10870],{"class":278},[44,50981,19257],{"class":282},[44,50983,279],{"class":278},[44,50985,1084],{"class":58},[44,50987,290],{"class":278},[44,50989,21612],{"class":282},[44,50991,2727],{"class":278},[44,50993,50994],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,50995,77],{"class":58},[44,50997,50998],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,50999,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,51001,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012,51014],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,51003,106],{"class":105},[44,51005,93],{"class":58},[44,51007,10537],{"class":105},[44,51009,93],{"class":58},[44,51011,12997],{"class":89},[44,51013,4737],{"class":58},[44,51015,50143],{"class":3034},[20,51017,51018,51019,51021],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51020,41730],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51023,51024,51025,51027],{},"For sets, ",[15,51026,41730],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51029,51031],{"className":37,"code":51030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51032,51033,51061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51034,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51036,51],{"class":50},[44,51038,55],{"class":54},[44,51040,59],{"class":58},[44,51042,63],{"class":62},[44,51044,66],{"class":58},[44,51046,69],{"class":62},[44,51048,66],{"class":58},[44,51050,74],{"class":62},[44,51052,66],{"class":58},[44,51054,74],{"class":62},[44,51056,66],{"class":58},[44,51058,69],{"class":62},[44,51060,77],{"class":58},[44,51062,51063,51065,51067,51069,51071,51073,51075],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51064,106],{"class":105},[44,51066,93],{"class":58},[44,51068,10537],{"class":105},[44,51070,93],{"class":58},[44,51072,83],{"class":89},[44,51074,4737],{"class":58},[44,51076,50143],{"class":3034},[20,51078,51079],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51081,51082],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51084,51086],{"className":37,"code":51085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51087,51088,51096,51100,51118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51089,51090,51092,51094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51091,8544],{"class":50},[44,51093,55],{"class":54},[44,51095,9215],{"class":58},[44,51097,51098],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51099,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,51101,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51103,6374],{"class":3246},[44,51105,37754],{"class":105},[44,51107,93],{"class":58},[44,51109,8583],{"class":89},[44,51111,3031],{"class":58},[44,51113,5785],{"class":54},[44,51115,3204],{"class":62},[44,51117,5770],{"class":58},[44,51119,51120,51122,51124,51126,51129,51131],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,51121,7447],{"class":105},[44,51123,93],{"class":58},[44,51125,279],{"class":278},[44,51127,51128],{"class":282},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51130,279],{"class":278},[44,51132,99],{"class":58},[30,51134,40414],{"id":40413},[20,51136,51137,51138,86],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51139,41730],{},[693,51141,51143],{"id":51142},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,51145,51147],{"className":37,"code":51146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51148,51149,51157,51161,51179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51150,51151,51153,51155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51152,904],{"class":50},[44,51154,55],{"class":54},[44,51156,7216],{"class":58},[44,51158,51159],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51160,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,51162,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171,51173,51175,51177],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51164,6374],{"class":3246},[44,51166,37754],{"class":105},[44,51168,93],{"class":58},[44,51170,922],{"class":89},[44,51172,3031],{"class":58},[44,51174,5785],{"class":54},[44,51176,3204],{"class":62},[44,51178,5770],{"class":58},[44,51180,51181,51183,51185,51187,51190,51192],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,51182,7447],{"class":105},[44,51184,93],{"class":58},[44,51186,279],{"class":278},[44,51188,51189],{"class":282},"The list is empty",[44,51191,279],{"class":278},[44,51193,99],{"class":58},[693,51195,51197],{"id":51196},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,51199,51201],{"className":37,"code":51200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51202,51203,51222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51204,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51218,51220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51206,5531],{"class":50},[44,51208,55],{"class":54},[44,51210,7620],{"class":105},[44,51212,93],{"class":58},[44,51214,279],{"class":278},[44,51216,51217],{"class":282},"Enter a word: ",[44,51219,279],{"class":278},[44,51221,99],{"class":58},[44,51223,51224,51226,51228,51230,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51225,106],{"class":105},[44,51227,93],{"class":58},[44,51229,279],{"class":278},[44,51231,51232],{"class":282},"Number of characters:",[44,51234,279],{"class":278},[44,51236,66],{"class":58},[44,51238,37754],{"class":105},[44,51240,93],{"class":58},[44,51242,37759],{"class":89},[44,51244,973],{"class":58},[693,51246,51248],{"id":51247},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,51250,51252],{"className":37,"code":51251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51253,51254,51268,51272,51290,51305,51311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51255,51256,51259,51261,51263,51266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51257,51258],{"class":50},"password ",[44,51260,55],{"class":54},[44,51262,290],{"class":278},[44,51264,51265],{"class":282},"secret123",[44,51267,2727],{"class":278},[44,51269,51270],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51271,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,51273,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51275,6374],{"class":3246},[44,51277,37754],{"class":105},[44,51279,93],{"class":58},[44,51281,16987],{"class":89},[44,51283,3031],{"class":58},[44,51285,50661],{"class":54},[44,51287,5736],{"class":62},[44,51289,5770],{"class":58},[44,51291,51292,51294,51296,51298,51301,51303],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,51293,7447],{"class":105},[44,51295,93],{"class":58},[44,51297,279],{"class":278},[44,51299,51300],{"class":282},"Password length is valid",[44,51302,279],{"class":278},[44,51304,99],{"class":58},[44,51306,51307,51309],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,51308,26801],{"class":3246},[44,51310,5770],{"class":58},[44,51312,51313,51315,51317,51319,51322,51324],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,51314,7447],{"class":105},[44,51316,93],{"class":58},[44,51318,279],{"class":278},[44,51320,51321],{"class":282},"Password is too short",[44,51323,279],{"class":278},[44,51325,99],{"class":58},[693,51327,51329],{"id":51328},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,51331,51333],{"className":37,"code":51332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51334,51335,51371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51336,51337,51340,51342,51344,51346,51349,51351,51353,51355,51358,51360,51362,51364,51367,51369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51338,51339],{"class":50},"results ",[44,51341,55],{"class":54},[44,51343,2992],{"class":58},[44,51345,279],{"class":278},[44,51347,51348],{"class":282},"item1",[44,51350,279],{"class":278},[44,51352,66],{"class":58},[44,51354,290],{"class":278},[44,51356,51357],{"class":282},"item2",[44,51359,279],{"class":278},[44,51361,66],{"class":58},[44,51363,290],{"class":278},[44,51365,51366],{"class":282},"item3",[44,51368,279],{"class":278},[44,51370,3005],{"class":58},[44,51372,51373,51375,51377,51379,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390,51393],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51374,106],{"class":105},[44,51376,93],{"class":58},[44,51378,279],{"class":278},[44,51380,51381],{"class":282},"Items found:",[44,51383,279],{"class":278},[44,51385,66],{"class":58},[44,51387,37754],{"class":105},[44,51389,93],{"class":58},[44,51391,51392],{"class":89},"results",[44,51394,973],{"class":58},[20,51396,51397],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,51399,51401],{"id":51400},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51403,51404,51406],{},[15,51405,41730],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51408,51409,51410,1084],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51411,1081],{},[165,51413,51414,51417,51420],{},[168,51415,51416],{},"plain integers",[168,51418,51419],{},"floats",[168,51421,51422],{},[15,51423,730],{},[20,51425,894],{},[35,51427,51429],{"className":37,"code":51428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51430,51431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51432,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51434,106],{"class":105},[44,51436,93],{"class":58},[44,51438,10537],{"class":105},[44,51440,93],{"class":58},[44,51442,1508],{"class":62},[44,51444,973],{"class":58},[20,51446,51447,51448,51450],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51449,1508],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51452,51453],{},"Another example:",[35,51455,51457],{"className":37,"code":51456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51458,51459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51460,51461,51463,51465,51467,51469,51471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51462,106],{"class":105},[44,51464,93],{"class":58},[44,51466,10537],{"class":105},[44,51468,93],{"class":58},[44,51470,39512],{"class":62},[44,51472,973],{"class":58},[20,51474,51475,51476,1084],{},"And with ",[15,51477,730],{},[35,51479,51481],{"className":37,"code":51480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51482,51483,51491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51484,51485,51487,51489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51486,1819],{"class":50},[44,51488,55],{"class":54},[44,51490,47899],{"class":871},[44,51492,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51494,106],{"class":105},[44,51496,93],{"class":58},[44,51498,10537],{"class":105},[44,51500,93],{"class":58},[44,51502,1188],{"class":89},[44,51504,973],{"class":58},[20,51506,51507,51508,86],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[184,51509,51511],{"href":51510},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,51513,51515],{"id":51514},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51517,51518,51519,51521],{},"Before using ",[15,51520,41730],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51523,51524],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,51526,51528],{"className":37,"code":51527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51529,51530,51538,51542,51552,51566,51584,51602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51531,51532,51534,51536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51533,1819],{"class":50},[44,51535,55],{"class":54},[44,51537,47899],{"class":871},[44,51539,51540],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51541,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,51543,51544,51546,51548,51550],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51545,106],{"class":105},[44,51547,93],{"class":58},[44,51549,1188],{"class":89},[44,51551,99],{"class":58},[44,51553,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,51555,106],{"class":105},[44,51557,93],{"class":58},[44,51559,1090],{"class":909},[44,51561,93],{"class":58},[44,51563,1188],{"class":89},[44,51565,973],{"class":58},[44,51567,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,51569,106],{"class":105},[44,51571,93],{"class":58},[44,51573,48247],{"class":105},[44,51575,93],{"class":58},[44,51577,1188],{"class":89},[44,51579,66],{"class":58},[44,51581,48276],{"class":909},[44,51583,973],{"class":58},[44,51585,51586,51588,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,51587,106],{"class":105},[44,51589,93],{"class":58},[44,51591,48247],{"class":105},[44,51593,93],{"class":58},[44,51595,1188],{"class":89},[44,51597,66],{"class":58},[44,51599,21927],{"class":909},[44,51601,973],{"class":58},[44,51603,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,51605,106],{"class":105},[44,51607,93],{"class":58},[44,51609,48247],{"class":105},[44,51611,93],{"class":58},[44,51613,1188],{"class":89},[44,51615,66],{"class":58},[44,51617,8549],{"class":909},[44,51619,973],{"class":58},[20,51621,51622],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51624,51625],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,51627,51629],{"className":37,"code":51628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51630,51631,51643,51647,51661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51632,51633,51635,51637,51639,51641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51634,1819],{"class":50},[44,51636,55],{"class":54},[44,51638,290],{"class":278},[44,51640,948],{"class":282},[44,51642,2727],{"class":278},[44,51644,51645],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51646,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,51648,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51650,6374],{"class":3246},[44,51652,20951],{"class":50},[44,51654,11566],{"class":54},[44,51656,7477],{"class":54},[44,51658,3222],{"class":871},[44,51660,5770],{"class":58},[44,51662,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,51664,7447],{"class":105},[44,51666,93],{"class":58},[44,51668,10537],{"class":105},[44,51670,93],{"class":58},[44,51672,1188],{"class":89},[44,51674,973],{"class":58},[20,51676,51677,51678,86],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[184,51679,7820],{"href":1672},[30,51681,1113],{"id":1112},[20,51683,22462,51684,1084],{},[15,51685,41730],{},[165,51687,51688,51696,51704,51712,51718],{},[168,51689,1123,51690,51692,51693],{},[15,51691,41730],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51694,51695],{},"len(5)",[168,51697,1123,51698,51700,51701],{},[15,51699,41730],{}," on a float like ",[15,51702,51703],{},"len(3.14)",[168,51705,1123,51706,51708,51709,51711],{},[15,51707,41730],{}," on ",[15,51710,730],{}," after a function returns nothing",[168,51713,3953,51714,51717],{},[15,51715,51716],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[168,51719,51720],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51722,51723],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,51725,51727],{"className":37,"code":51726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51728,51729,51765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51730,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51732,12575],{"class":50},[44,51734,55],{"class":54},[44,51736,59],{"class":58},[44,51738,279],{"class":278},[44,51740,7046],{"class":282},[44,51742,279],{"class":278},[44,51744,1084],{"class":58},[44,51746,290],{"class":278},[44,51748,12253],{"class":282},[44,51750,279],{"class":278},[44,51752,66],{"class":58},[44,51754,290],{"class":278},[44,51756,8677],{"class":282},[44,51758,279],{"class":278},[44,51760,1084],{"class":58},[44,51762,7168],{"class":62},[44,51764,77],{"class":58},[44,51766,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775,51777,51779],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51768,106],{"class":105},[44,51770,93],{"class":58},[44,51772,10537],{"class":105},[44,51774,93],{"class":58},[44,51776,16676],{"class":89},[44,51778,4737],{"class":58},[44,51780,50788],{"class":3034},[20,51782,36962,51783,51785,51786,3766,51788,86],{},[15,51784,472],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51787,14610],{},[15,51789,51790],{},"\"age\"",[20,51792,51793],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,51795,51797],{"className":37,"code":51796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51798,51799,51812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51800,51801,51803,51805,51807,51810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51802,34054],{"class":50},[44,51804,55],{"class":54},[44,51806,290],{"class":278},[44,51808,51809],{"class":282},"a b",[44,51811,2727],{"class":278},[44,51813,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822,51824,51826],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51815,106],{"class":105},[44,51817,93],{"class":58},[44,51819,10537],{"class":105},[44,51821,93],{"class":58},[44,51823,34075],{"class":89},[44,51825,4737],{"class":58},[44,51827,50143],{"class":3034},[20,51829,51830],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,51832,1235],{"id":1234},[693,51834,51836],{"id":51835},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51838,51839],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[693,51841,51843],{"id":51842},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51845,51846],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[693,51848,51850],{"id":51849},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51852,51853],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[693,51855,51857],{"id":51856},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51859,51860,51861,51863,51864,188,51866,51868,51869,86],{},"No. Using ",[15,51862,41730],{}," on an ",[15,51865,1560],{},[15,51867,1564],{}," raises a ",[15,51870,1081],{},[693,51872,51874],{"id":51873},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,51876,7141,51877,86],{},[15,51878,51879],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,51881,894],{},[35,51883,51885],{"className":37,"code":51884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,51886,51887,51895,51899,51917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51888,51889,51891,51893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51890,7686],{"class":50},[44,51892,55],{"class":54},[44,51894,7216],{"class":58},[44,51896,51897],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,51898,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,51900,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51913,51915],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51902,6374],{"class":3246},[44,51904,37754],{"class":105},[44,51906,93],{"class":58},[44,51908,7717],{"class":89},[44,51910,3031],{"class":58},[44,51912,5785],{"class":54},[44,51914,3204],{"class":62},[44,51916,5770],{"class":58},[44,51918,51919,51921,51923,51925,51928,51930],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,51920,7447],{"class":105},[44,51922,93],{"class":58},[44,51924,279],{"class":278},[44,51926,51927],{"class":282},"Empty list",[44,51929,279],{"class":278},[44,51931,99],{"class":58},[20,51933,51934,51935,51937,51938,51940,51941,51943],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,51936,3045],{}," in an ",[15,51939,6374],{}," statement, but ",[15,51942,41730],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,51945,1279],{"id":1278},[165,51947,51948,51952,51956,51960,51965,51969,51975],{},[168,51949,51950],{},[184,51951,50349],{"href":50348},[168,51953,51954],{},[184,51955,50353],{"href":50352},[168,51957,51958],{},[184,51959,8534],{"href":8533},[168,51961,51962],{},[184,51963,51964],{"href":50919},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[168,51966,51967],{},[184,51968,7820],{"href":1672},[168,51970,51971],{},[184,51972,51974],{"href":51973},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[168,51976,51977],{},[184,51978,51979],{"href":51510},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1304,51981,51982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":51984},[51985,51986,51987,51988,51989,51990,51991,51997,51998,51999,52000,52007],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":50151,"depth":80,"text":50152},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":50496,"depth":80,"text":50497},{"id":50683,"depth":80,"text":50684},{"id":50923,"depth":80,"text":50924},{"id":40413,"depth":80,"text":40414,"children":51992},[51993,51994,51995,51996],{"id":51142,"depth":102,"text":51143},{"id":51196,"depth":102,"text":51197},{"id":51247,"depth":102,"text":51248},{"id":51328,"depth":102,"text":51329},{"id":51400,"depth":80,"text":51401},{"id":51514,"depth":80,"text":51515},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":52001},[52002,52003,52004,52005,52006],{"id":51835,"depth":102,"text":51836},{"id":51842,"depth":102,"text":51843},{"id":51849,"depth":102,"text":51850},{"id":51856,"depth":102,"text":51857},{"id":51873,"depth":102,"text":51874},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50034,"description":52008},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52015,"title":52016,"body":52017,"description":53699,"extension":1334,"meta":53700,"navigation":322,"path":53701,"seo":53702,"stem":53703,"__hash__":53704},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52018,"toc":53672},[52019,52022,52034,52040,52042,52096,52101,52105,52121,52124,52138,52144,52146,52149,52168,52184,52186,52262,52264,52301,52312,52314,52317,52378,52380,52413,52416,52421,52425,52428,52553,52555,52614,52622,52675,52677,52704,52710,52720,52724,52727,52732,52784,52786,52812,52818,52872,52874,52899,52902,52926,52932,52934,52938,52940,52997,52999,53007,53009,53031,53033,53086,53088,53112,53116,53118,53157,53159,53167,53173,53177,53229,53231,53257,53265,53269,53274,53283,53285,53351,53353,53385,53389,53394,53396,53410,53413,53486,53488,53514,53516,53520,53527,53531,53538,53542,53545,53547,53600,53602,53628,53632,53641,53643,53669],[10,52020,52016],{"id":52021},"python-list-append-method",[20,52023,1351,52024,52026,52027,52029,52030,52033],{},[15,52025,1144],{}," method adds ",[116,52028,536],{}," to the ",[116,52031,52032],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52035,52036,52037,52039],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[116,52038,736],{}," create a new list.",[30,52041,2978],{"id":2977},[35,52043,52045],{"className":37,"code":52044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52046,52047,52067,52081,52091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52048,52049,52051,52053,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52050,51],{"class":50},[44,52052,55],{"class":54},[44,52054,2992],{"class":58},[44,52056,63],{"class":62},[44,52058,66],{"class":58},[44,52060,69],{"class":62},[44,52062,66],{"class":58},[44,52064,74],{"class":62},[44,52066,3005],{"class":58},[44,52068,52069,52071,52073,52075,52077,52079],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52070,83],{"class":50},[44,52072,86],{"class":58},[44,52074,12924],{"class":89},[44,52076,93],{"class":58},[44,52078,96],{"class":62},[44,52080,99],{"class":58},[44,52082,52083,52085,52087,52089],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52084,106],{"class":105},[44,52086,93],{"class":58},[44,52088,83],{"class":89},[44,52090,99],{"class":58},[44,52092,52093],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,52094,52095],{"class":3034},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52097,148,52098,52100],{},[15,52099,1144],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,52102,52104],{"id":52103},"what-append-does","What append() does",[165,52106,52107,52112,52115,52118],{},[168,52108,52109,52111],{},[15,52110,1144],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[168,52113,52114],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[168,52116,52117],{},"It does not create a new list",[168,52119,52120],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52122,52123],{},"This means you can append:",[165,52125,52126,52128,52130,52132,52134,52136],{},[168,52127,83],{},[168,52129,4684],{},[168,52131,39963],{},[168,52133,4675],{},[168,52135,6628],{},[168,52137,34028],{},[20,52139,52140,52141,86],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[184,52142,52143],{"href":50352},"Python lists explained for beginners",[30,52145,4807],{"id":4806},[20,52147,52148],{},"Basic form:",[35,52150,52152],{"className":37,"code":52151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52153,52154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52155,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164,52166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52157,7717],{"class":50},[44,52159,86],{"class":58},[44,52161,12924],{"class":89},[44,52163,93],{"class":58},[44,52165,215],{"class":89},[44,52167,99],{"class":58},[165,52169,52170,52175,52180],{},[168,52171,52172,52174],{},[15,52173,7717],{}," is the list you want to change",[168,52176,52177,52179],{},[15,52178,215],{}," is the value or object to add",[168,52181,11283,52182],{},[15,52183,730],{},[20,52185,894],{},[35,52187,52189],{"className":37,"code":52188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52190,52191,52215,52238,52242,52252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52192,52193,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209,52211,52213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52194,35606],{"class":50},[44,52196,55],{"class":54},[44,52198,2992],{"class":58},[44,52200,279],{"class":278},[44,52202,3450],{"class":282},[44,52204,279],{"class":278},[44,52206,66],{"class":58},[44,52208,290],{"class":278},[44,52210,3459],{"class":282},[44,52212,279],{"class":278},[44,52214,3005],{"class":58},[44,52216,52217,52219,52221,52224,52226,52228,52230,52232,52234,52236],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52218,1602],{"class":50},[44,52220,55],{"class":54},[44,52222,52223],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,52225,86],{"class":58},[44,52227,12924],{"class":89},[44,52229,93],{"class":58},[44,52231,279],{"class":278},[44,52233,32586],{"class":282},[44,52235,279],{"class":278},[44,52237,99],{"class":58},[44,52239,52240],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52241,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,52243,52244,52246,52248,52250],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,52245,106],{"class":105},[44,52247,93],{"class":58},[44,52249,35658],{"class":89},[44,52251,99],{"class":58},[44,52253,52254,52256,52258,52260],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,52255,106],{"class":105},[44,52257,93],{"class":58},[44,52259,1637],{"class":89},[44,52261,99],{"class":58},[20,52263,118],{},[35,52265,52267],{"className":37,"code":52266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52268,52269,52297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52270,52271,52273,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283,52285,52287,52289,52291,52293,52295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52272,3270],{"class":58},[44,52274,351],{"class":278},[44,52276,3450],{"class":282},[44,52278,351],{"class":278},[44,52280,66],{"class":58},[44,52282,360],{"class":278},[44,52284,3459],{"class":282},[44,52286,351],{"class":278},[44,52288,66],{"class":58},[44,52290,360],{"class":278},[44,52292,32586],{"class":282},[44,52294,351],{"class":278},[44,52296,3005],{"class":58},[44,52298,52299],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52300,864],{"class":871},[20,52302,52303,52304,52306,52307,52309,52310,86],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52305,1144],{}," updates ",[15,52308,35658],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52311,730],{},[30,52313,258],{"id":257},[20,52315,52316],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,52318,52320],{"className":37,"code":52319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52321,52322,52346,52364,52368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52323,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334,52336,52338,52340,52342,52344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52325,271],{"class":50},[44,52327,55],{"class":54},[44,52329,2992],{"class":58},[44,52331,279],{"class":278},[44,52333,283],{"class":282},[44,52335,279],{"class":278},[44,52337,66],{"class":58},[44,52339,290],{"class":278},[44,52341,293],{"class":282},[44,52343,279],{"class":278},[44,52345,3005],{"class":58},[44,52347,52348,52350,52352,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52349,302],{"class":50},[44,52351,86],{"class":58},[44,52353,12924],{"class":89},[44,52355,93],{"class":58},[44,52357,279],{"class":278},[44,52359,313],{"class":282},[44,52361,279],{"class":278},[44,52363,99],{"class":58},[44,52365,52366],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52367,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,52369,52370,52372,52374,52376],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,52371,106],{"class":105},[44,52373,93],{"class":58},[44,52375,302],{"class":89},[44,52377,99],{"class":58},[20,52379,118],{},[35,52381,52383],{"className":37,"code":52382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52384,52385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52386,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397,52399,52401,52403,52405,52407,52409,52411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52388,3270],{"class":58},[44,52390,351],{"class":278},[44,52392,283],{"class":282},[44,52394,351],{"class":278},[44,52396,66],{"class":58},[44,52398,360],{"class":278},[44,52400,293],{"class":282},[44,52402,351],{"class":278},[44,52404,66],{"class":58},[44,52406,360],{"class":278},[44,52408,313],{"class":282},[44,52410,351],{"class":278},[44,52412,3005],{"class":58},[20,52414,52415],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52417,30448,52418,86],{},[184,52419,1231],{"href":52420},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,52422,52424],{"id":52423},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52426,52427],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,52429,52431],{"className":37,"code":52430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52432,52433,52441,52445,52459,52477,52491,52517,52539,52543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52434,52435,52437,52439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52436,904],{"class":50},[44,52438,55],{"class":54},[44,52440,7216],{"class":58},[44,52442,52443],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52444,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,52446,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52448,922],{"class":50},[44,52450,86],{"class":58},[44,52452,12924],{"class":89},[44,52454,93],{"class":58},[44,52456,931],{"class":62},[44,52458,99],{"class":58},[44,52460,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,52462,922],{"class":50},[44,52464,86],{"class":58},[44,52466,12924],{"class":89},[44,52468,93],{"class":58},[44,52470,279],{"class":278},[44,52472,948],{"class":282},[44,52474,279],{"class":278},[44,52476,99],{"class":58},[44,52478,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,52480,922],{"class":50},[44,52482,86],{"class":58},[44,52484,12924],{"class":89},[44,52486,93],{"class":58},[44,52488,987],{"class":871},[44,52490,99],{"class":58},[44,52492,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,52494,922],{"class":50},[44,52496,86],{"class":58},[44,52498,12924],{"class":89},[44,52500,4905],{"class":58},[44,52502,279],{"class":278},[44,52504,7046],{"class":282},[44,52506,279],{"class":278},[44,52508,1084],{"class":58},[44,52510,290],{"class":278},[44,52512,7055],{"class":282},[44,52514,279],{"class":278},[44,52516,29861],{"class":58},[44,52518,52519,52521,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,52520,922],{"class":50},[44,52522,86],{"class":58},[44,52524,12924],{"class":89},[44,52526,650],{"class":58},[44,52528,63],{"class":62},[44,52530,66],{"class":58},[44,52532,69],{"class":62},[44,52534,66],{"class":58},[44,52536,74],{"class":62},[44,52538,677],{"class":58},[44,52540,52541],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,52542,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,52544,52545,52547,52549,52551],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,52546,106],{"class":105},[44,52548,93],{"class":58},[44,52550,922],{"class":89},[44,52552,99],{"class":58},[20,52554,118],{},[35,52556,52558],{"className":37,"code":52557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52559,52560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52561,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592,52594,52596,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52563,3270],{"class":58},[44,52565,931],{"class":62},[44,52567,66],{"class":58},[44,52569,360],{"class":278},[44,52571,948],{"class":282},[44,52573,351],{"class":278},[44,52575,66],{"class":58},[44,52577,3286],{"class":871},[44,52579,66],{"class":58},[44,52581,59],{"class":58},[44,52583,351],{"class":278},[44,52585,7046],{"class":282},[44,52587,351],{"class":278},[44,52589,1084],{"class":58},[44,52591,360],{"class":278},[44,52593,7055],{"class":282},[44,52595,351],{"class":278},[44,52597,52598],{"class":58},"},",[44,52600,2992],{"class":58},[44,52602,63],{"class":62},[44,52604,66],{"class":58},[44,52606,69],{"class":62},[44,52608,66],{"class":58},[44,52610,74],{"class":62},[44,52612,52613],{"class":58},"]]\n",[20,52615,52616,52617,41524,52619,86],{},"A list added with ",[15,52618,1144],{},[116,52620,52621],{},"one single item",[35,52623,52625],{"className":37,"code":52624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52626,52627,52643,52661,52665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52628,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52630,51],{"class":50},[44,52632,55],{"class":54},[44,52634,2992],{"class":58},[44,52636,63],{"class":62},[44,52638,66],{"class":58},[44,52640,69],{"class":62},[44,52642,3005],{"class":58},[44,52644,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653,52655,52657,52659],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52646,83],{"class":50},[44,52648,86],{"class":58},[44,52650,12924],{"class":89},[44,52652,650],{"class":58},[44,52654,1433],{"class":62},[44,52656,66],{"class":58},[44,52658,143],{"class":62},[44,52660,677],{"class":58},[44,52662,52663],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52664,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,52666,52667,52669,52671,52673],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,52668,106],{"class":105},[44,52670,93],{"class":58},[44,52672,83],{"class":89},[44,52674,99],{"class":58},[20,52676,118],{},[35,52678,52680],{"className":37,"code":52679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52681,52682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52683,52684,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694,52696,52698,52700,52702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52685,3270],{"class":58},[44,52687,63],{"class":62},[44,52689,66],{"class":58},[44,52691,69],{"class":62},[44,52693,66],{"class":58},[44,52695,2992],{"class":58},[44,52697,1433],{"class":62},[44,52699,66],{"class":58},[44,52701,143],{"class":62},[44,52703,52613],{"class":58},[20,52705,1659,52706,52709],{},[15,52707,52708],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52711,52712,52713,52719],{},"This is different from ",[184,52714,52716],{"href":52715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52717,52718],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,52721,52723],{"id":52722},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52725,52726],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[693,52728,1123,52730],{"id":52729},"using-append",[15,52731,1144],{},[35,52733,52734],{"className":37,"code":52624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,52735,52736,52752,52770,52774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52737,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746,52748,52750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52739,51],{"class":50},[44,52741,55],{"class":54},[44,52743,2992],{"class":58},[44,52745,63],{"class":62},[44,52747,66],{"class":58},[44,52749,69],{"class":62},[44,52751,3005],{"class":58},[44,52753,52754,52756,52758,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52755,83],{"class":50},[44,52757,86],{"class":58},[44,52759,12924],{"class":89},[44,52761,650],{"class":58},[44,52763,1433],{"class":62},[44,52765,66],{"class":58},[44,52767,143],{"class":62},[44,52769,677],{"class":58},[44,52771,52772],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52773,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,52775,52776,52778,52780,52782],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,52777,106],{"class":105},[44,52779,93],{"class":58},[44,52781,83],{"class":89},[44,52783,99],{"class":58},[20,52785,118],{},[35,52787,52788],{"className":37,"code":52679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,52789,52790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52791,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808,52810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52793,3270],{"class":58},[44,52795,63],{"class":62},[44,52797,66],{"class":58},[44,52799,69],{"class":62},[44,52801,66],{"class":58},[44,52803,2992],{"class":58},[44,52805,1433],{"class":62},[44,52807,66],{"class":58},[44,52809,143],{"class":62},[44,52811,52613],{"class":58},[693,52813,1123,52815],{"id":52814},"using-extend",[15,52816,52817],{},"extend()",[35,52819,52821],{"className":37,"code":52820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52822,52823,52839,52858,52862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52824,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52826,51],{"class":50},[44,52828,55],{"class":54},[44,52830,2992],{"class":58},[44,52832,63],{"class":62},[44,52834,66],{"class":58},[44,52836,69],{"class":62},[44,52838,3005],{"class":58},[44,52840,52841,52843,52845,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52842,83],{"class":50},[44,52844,86],{"class":58},[44,52846,52847],{"class":89},"extend",[44,52849,650],{"class":58},[44,52851,1433],{"class":62},[44,52853,66],{"class":58},[44,52855,143],{"class":62},[44,52857,677],{"class":58},[44,52859,52860],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52861,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,52863,52864,52866,52868,52870],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,52865,106],{"class":105},[44,52867,93],{"class":58},[44,52869,83],{"class":89},[44,52871,99],{"class":58},[20,52873,118],{},[35,52875,52877],{"className":37,"code":52876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52878,52879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52880,52881,52883,52885,52887,52889,52891,52893,52895,52897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52882,3270],{"class":58},[44,52884,63],{"class":62},[44,52886,66],{"class":58},[44,52888,69],{"class":62},[44,52890,66],{"class":58},[44,52892,74],{"class":62},[44,52894,66],{"class":58},[44,52896,143],{"class":62},[44,52898,3005],{"class":58},[20,52900,52901],{},"The difference:",[165,52903,52904,52910,52916,52921],{},[168,52905,52906,52909],{},[15,52907,52908],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[168,52911,52912,52915],{},[15,52913,52914],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[168,52917,148,52918,52920],{},[15,52919,1144],{}," for one item",[168,52922,148,52923,52925],{},[15,52924,52817],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,52927,52928,52929,86],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[184,52930,52931],{"href":52715},"Python list extend() method",[30,52933,3892],{"id":3891},[693,52935,52937],{"id":52936},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,52939,25057],{},[35,52941,52943],{"className":37,"code":52942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52944,52945,52965,52983,52987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52946,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52948,904],{"class":50},[44,52950,55],{"class":54},[44,52952,2992],{"class":58},[44,52954,63],{"class":62},[44,52956,66],{"class":58},[44,52958,69],{"class":62},[44,52960,66],{"class":58},[44,52962,74],{"class":62},[44,52964,3005],{"class":58},[44,52966,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,52968,904],{"class":50},[44,52970,55],{"class":54},[44,52972,5342],{"class":50},[44,52974,86],{"class":58},[44,52976,12924],{"class":89},[44,52978,93],{"class":58},[44,52980,96],{"class":62},[44,52982,99],{"class":58},[44,52984,52985],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52986,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,52988,52989,52991,52993,52995],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,52990,106],{"class":105},[44,52992,93],{"class":58},[44,52994,922],{"class":89},[44,52996,99],{"class":58},[20,52998,118],{},[35,53000,53001],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53002,53003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53004,53005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53006,864],{"class":871},[20,53008,11272],{},[165,53010,53011,53016,53022],{},[168,53012,53013,53015],{},[15,53014,1144],{}," changes the list in place",[168,53017,53018,727,53020],{},[15,53019,1144],{},[15,53021,730],{},[168,53023,53024,53025,53028,53029],{},"So ",[15,53026,53027],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53030,730],{},[20,53032,10183],{},[35,53034,53036],{"className":37,"code":53035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53037,53038,53058,53072,53076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53039,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53041,904],{"class":50},[44,53043,55],{"class":54},[44,53045,2992],{"class":58},[44,53047,63],{"class":62},[44,53049,66],{"class":58},[44,53051,69],{"class":62},[44,53053,66],{"class":58},[44,53055,74],{"class":62},[44,53057,3005],{"class":58},[44,53059,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53061,922],{"class":50},[44,53063,86],{"class":58},[44,53065,12924],{"class":89},[44,53067,93],{"class":58},[44,53069,96],{"class":62},[44,53071,99],{"class":58},[44,53073,53074],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53075,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53077,53078,53080,53082,53084],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,53079,106],{"class":105},[44,53081,93],{"class":58},[44,53083,922],{"class":89},[44,53085,99],{"class":58},[20,53087,118],{},[35,53089,53090],{"className":37,"code":52876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53091,53092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53093,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53095,3270],{"class":58},[44,53097,63],{"class":62},[44,53099,66],{"class":58},[44,53101,69],{"class":62},[44,53103,66],{"class":58},[44,53105,74],{"class":62},[44,53107,66],{"class":58},[44,53109,143],{"class":62},[44,53111,3005],{"class":58},[693,53113,53115],{"id":53114},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53117,18279],{},[35,53119,53121],{"className":37,"code":53120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53122,53123,53147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53124,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53126,31248],{"class":50},[44,53128,55],{"class":54},[44,53130,2992],{"class":58},[44,53132,63],{"class":62},[44,53134,66],{"class":58},[44,53136,69],{"class":62},[44,53138,12921],{"class":58},[44,53140,12924],{"class":89},[44,53142,93],{"class":58},[44,53144,1433],{"class":62},[44,53146,99],{"class":58},[44,53148,53149,53151,53153,53155],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53150,106],{"class":105},[44,53152,93],{"class":58},[44,53154,31267],{"class":89},[44,53156,99],{"class":58},[20,53158,118],{},[35,53160,53161],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53162,53163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53164,53165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53166,864],{"class":871},[20,53168,53169,53170,53172],{},"Remember: ",[15,53171,1144],{}," updates the list you already have.",[693,53174,53176],{"id":53175},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,53178,53179],{"className":37,"code":52624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53180,53181,53197,53215,53219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53182,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53184,51],{"class":50},[44,53186,55],{"class":54},[44,53188,2992],{"class":58},[44,53190,63],{"class":62},[44,53192,66],{"class":58},[44,53194,69],{"class":62},[44,53196,3005],{"class":58},[44,53198,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53200,83],{"class":50},[44,53202,86],{"class":58},[44,53204,12924],{"class":89},[44,53206,650],{"class":58},[44,53208,1433],{"class":62},[44,53210,66],{"class":58},[44,53212,143],{"class":62},[44,53214,677],{"class":58},[44,53216,53217],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53218,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53220,53221,53223,53225,53227],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,53222,106],{"class":105},[44,53224,93],{"class":58},[44,53226,83],{"class":89},[44,53228,99],{"class":58},[20,53230,118],{},[35,53232,53233],{"className":37,"code":52679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53234,53235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53236,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53238,3270],{"class":58},[44,53240,63],{"class":62},[44,53242,66],{"class":58},[44,53244,69],{"class":62},[44,53246,66],{"class":58},[44,53248,2992],{"class":58},[44,53250,1433],{"class":62},[44,53252,66],{"class":58},[44,53254,143],{"class":62},[44,53256,52613],{"class":58},[20,53258,2538,53259,53262,53263,6007],{},[15,53260,53261],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53264,52817],{},[693,53266,53268],{"id":53267},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53270,53271,53273],{},[15,53272,1144],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53275,53276,53277,86],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[184,53278,53280],{"href":53279},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53281,53282],{},"list.insert()",[20,53284,894],{},[35,53286,53288],{"className":37,"code":53287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53289,53290,53314,53337,53341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53291,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53293,546],{"class":50},[44,53295,55],{"class":54},[44,53297,2992],{"class":58},[44,53299,279],{"class":278},[44,53301,184],{"class":282},[44,53303,279],{"class":278},[44,53305,66],{"class":58},[44,53307,290],{"class":278},[44,53309,583],{"class":282},[44,53311,279],{"class":278},[44,53313,3005],{"class":58},[44,53315,53316,53318,53320,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53317,572],{"class":50},[44,53319,86],{"class":58},[44,53321,53322],{"class":89},"insert",[44,53324,93],{"class":58},[44,53326,63],{"class":62},[44,53328,66],{"class":58},[44,53330,290],{"class":278},[44,53332,563],{"class":282},[44,53334,279],{"class":278},[44,53336,99],{"class":58},[44,53338,53339],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53340,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53342,53343,53345,53347,53349],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,53344,106],{"class":105},[44,53346,93],{"class":58},[44,53348,572],{"class":89},[44,53350,99],{"class":58},[20,53352,118],{},[35,53354,53355],{"className":37,"code":42245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53356,53357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53358,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53360,3270],{"class":58},[44,53362,351],{"class":278},[44,53364,184],{"class":282},[44,53366,351],{"class":278},[44,53368,66],{"class":58},[44,53370,360],{"class":278},[44,53372,563],{"class":282},[44,53374,351],{"class":278},[44,53376,66],{"class":58},[44,53378,360],{"class":278},[44,53380,583],{"class":282},[44,53382,351],{"class":278},[44,53384,3005],{"class":58},[30,53386,53388],{"id":53387},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53390,53391,53393],{},[15,53392,1144],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53395,35793],{},[165,53397,53398,53401,53404,53407],{},[168,53399,53400],{},"building a list in a loop",[168,53402,53403],{},"collecting user input",[168,53405,53406],{},"storing results step by step",[168,53408,53409],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53411,53412],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,53414,53416],{"className":37,"code":53415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53417,53418,53427,53431,53452,53471,53475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53419,53420,53423,53425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53421,53422],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,53424,55],{"class":54},[44,53426,7216],{"class":58},[44,53428,53429],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53430,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53432,53433,53435,53437,53439,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53434,5334],{"class":3246},[44,53436,5763],{"class":50},[44,53438,3253],{"class":3246},[44,53440,53441],{"class":105}," range",[44,53443,93],{"class":58},[44,53445,63],{"class":62},[44,53447,66],{"class":58},[44,53449,1064],{"class":62},[44,53451,7720],{"class":58},[44,53453,53454,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,53455,53456],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,53458,86],{"class":58},[44,53460,12924],{"class":89},[44,53462,93],{"class":58},[44,53464,1589],{"class":89},[44,53466,39241],{"class":54},[44,53468,1569],{"class":89},[44,53470,99],{"class":58},[44,53472,53473],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,53474,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53476,53477,53479,53481,53484],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,53478,106],{"class":105},[44,53480,93],{"class":58},[44,53482,53483],{"class":89},"squares",[44,53485,99],{"class":58},[20,53487,118],{},[35,53489,53491],{"className":37,"code":53490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53492,53493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53494,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53508,53510,53512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53496,3270],{"class":58},[44,53498,63],{"class":62},[44,53500,66],{"class":58},[44,53502,143],{"class":62},[44,53504,66],{"class":58},[44,53506,53507],{"class":62}," 9",[44,53509,66],{"class":58},[44,53511,13359],{"class":62},[44,53513,3005],{"class":58},[30,53515,1235],{"id":1234},[693,53517,53519],{"id":53518},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53521,45736,53522,53524,53525,86],{},[15,53523,1144],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53526,730],{},[693,53528,53530],{"id":53529},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53532,53533,53534,86],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[184,53535,53536],{"href":52715},[15,53537,52817],{},[693,53539,53541],{"id":53540},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53543,53544],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53546,894],{},[35,53548,53550],{"className":37,"code":53549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53551,53552,53568,53586,53590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53553,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53555,8544],{"class":50},[44,53557,55],{"class":54},[44,53559,2992],{"class":58},[44,53561,63],{"class":62},[44,53563,66],{"class":58},[44,53565,69],{"class":62},[44,53567,3005],{"class":58},[44,53569,53570,53572,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582,53584],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53571,8583],{"class":50},[44,53573,86],{"class":58},[44,53575,12924],{"class":89},[44,53577,650],{"class":58},[44,53579,1433],{"class":62},[44,53581,66],{"class":58},[44,53583,143],{"class":62},[44,53585,677],{"class":58},[44,53587,53588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53589,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53591,53592,53594,53596,53598],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,53593,106],{"class":105},[44,53595,93],{"class":58},[44,53597,8583],{"class":89},[44,53599,99],{"class":58},[20,53601,118],{},[35,53603,53604],{"className":37,"code":52679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53605,53606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53607,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620,53622,53624,53626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53609,3270],{"class":58},[44,53611,63],{"class":62},[44,53613,66],{"class":58},[44,53615,69],{"class":62},[44,53617,66],{"class":58},[44,53619,2992],{"class":58},[44,53621,1433],{"class":62},[44,53623,66],{"class":58},[44,53625,143],{"class":62},[44,53627,52613],{"class":58},[693,53629,53631],{"id":53630},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53633,53634,53636,53637,53640],{},[15,53635,1144],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53638,53639],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[30,53642,1279],{"id":1278},[165,53644,53645,53650,53654,53659,53663],{},[168,53646,53647],{},[184,53648,53649],{"href":52420},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[168,53651,53652],{},[184,53653,52931],{"href":52715},[168,53655,53656],{},[184,53657,53658],{"href":53279},"Python list insert() method",[168,53660,53661],{},[184,53662,52143],{"href":50352},[168,53664,53665],{},[184,53666,53668],{"href":53667},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1304,53670,53671],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":53673},[53674,53675,53676,53677,53678,53679,53685,53691,53692,53698],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":52103,"depth":80,"text":52104},{"id":4806,"depth":80,"text":4807},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":52423,"depth":80,"text":52424},{"id":52722,"depth":80,"text":52723,"children":53680},[53681,53683],{"id":52729,"depth":102,"text":53682},"Using append()",{"id":52814,"depth":102,"text":53684},"Using extend()",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":53686},[53687,53688,53689,53690],{"id":52936,"depth":102,"text":52937},{"id":53114,"depth":102,"text":53115},{"id":53175,"depth":102,"text":53176},{"id":53267,"depth":102,"text":53268},{"id":53387,"depth":80,"text":53388},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":53693},[53694,53695,53696,53697],{"id":53518,"depth":102,"text":53519},{"id":53529,"depth":102,"text":53530},{"id":53540,"depth":102,"text":53541},{"id":53630,"depth":102,"text":53631},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52016,"description":53699},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53706,"title":53707,"body":53708,"description":54952,"extension":1334,"meta":54953,"navigation":322,"path":54954,"seo":54955,"stem":54956,"__hash__":54957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53709,"toc":54917},[53710,53716,53722,53728,53730,53778,53783,53788,53792,53808,53814,53816,53819,53834,53836,53847,53849,53851,53908,53910,53918,53920,53936,53942,53944,53950,53954,54038,54041,54090,54097,54105,54108,54122,54135,54141,54216,54223,54230,54304,54312,54315,54326,54335,54339,54343,54354,54356,54433,54454,54456,54466,54469,54517,54519,54540,54543,54545,54596,54602,54609,54676,54682,54688,54691,54718,54723,54729,54732,54804,54807,54818,54824,54826,54832,54835,54841,54847,54854,54862,54868,54874,54876,54914],[10,53711,53713,53714,18],{"id":53712},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53715,10697],{},[20,53717,53718,53721],{},[15,53719,53720],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53723,53724,53725,53727],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[116,53726,10709],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,53729,2978],{"id":2977},[35,53731,53733],{"className":37,"code":53732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53734,53735,53755,53765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53736,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53738,904],{"class":50},[44,53740,55],{"class":54},[44,53742,2992],{"class":58},[44,53744,63],{"class":62},[44,53746,66],{"class":58},[44,53748,69],{"class":62},[44,53750,66],{"class":58},[44,53752,74],{"class":62},[44,53754,3005],{"class":58},[44,53756,53757,53759,53761,53763],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53758,922],{"class":50},[44,53760,86],{"class":58},[44,53762,10758],{"class":89},[44,53764,913],{"class":58},[44,53766,53767,53769,53771,53773,53775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53768,106],{"class":105},[44,53770,93],{"class":58},[44,53772,922],{"class":89},[44,53774,3031],{"class":58},[44,53776,53777],{"class":3034},"  # []\n",[20,53779,148,53780,53782],{},[15,53781,10697],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,53784,155,53786,158],{"id":53785},"what-listclear-does",[15,53787,53720],{},[20,53789,53790,1084],{},[15,53791,53720],{},[165,53793,53794,53797,53800,53805],{},[168,53795,53796],{},"Removes every item from a list",[168,53798,53799],{},"Changes the original list in place",[168,53801,53802,53803],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53804,3157],{},[168,53806,53807],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53809,53810,53811,53813],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53812,10697],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,53815,196],{"id":195},[20,53817,53818],{},"Syntax:",[35,53820,53822],{"className":37,"code":53821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53823,53824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53825,53826,53828,53830,53832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53827,7717],{"class":50},[44,53829,86],{"class":58},[44,53831,10758],{"class":89},[44,53833,913],{"class":58},[20,53835,220],{},[165,53837,53838,53841,53844],{},[168,53839,53840],{},"Call it on a list object",[168,53842,53843],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[168,53845,53846],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,53848,258],{"id":257},[20,53850,261],{},[35,53852,53854],{"className":37,"code":53853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53855,53856,53880,53884,53894,53898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53857,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53859,51],{"class":50},[44,53861,55],{"class":54},[44,53863,2992],{"class":58},[44,53865,931],{"class":62},[44,53867,66],{"class":58},[44,53869,7168],{"class":62},[44,53871,66],{"class":58},[44,53873,7173],{"class":62},[44,53875,66],{"class":58},[44,53877,50216],{"class":62},[44,53879,3005],{"class":58},[44,53881,53882],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53883,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53885,53886,53888,53890,53892],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53887,83],{"class":50},[44,53889,86],{"class":58},[44,53891,10758],{"class":89},[44,53893,913],{"class":58},[44,53895,53896],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,53897,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53899,53900,53902,53904,53906],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,53901,106],{"class":105},[44,53903,93],{"class":58},[44,53905,83],{"class":89},[44,53907,99],{"class":58},[20,53909,118],{},[35,53911,53912],{"className":37,"code":37665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53913,53914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53915,53916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53917,37665],{"class":58},[20,53919,11056],{},[165,53921,53922,53927,53933],{},[168,53923,53924,53926],{},[15,53925,83],{}," starts with four items",[168,53928,53929,53932],{},[15,53930,53931],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[168,53934,53935],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,53937,53938,53939,86],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[184,53940,52143],{"href":53941},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,53943,722],{"id":721},[20,53945,53946,727,53948,86],{},[15,53947,10697],{},[15,53949,730],{},[20,53951,40274,53952,52039],{},[116,53953,736],{},[35,53955,53957],{"className":37,"code":53956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,53958,53959,53991,53995,54009,54013,54026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53960,53961,53963,53965,53967,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987,53989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53962,904],{"class":50},[44,53964,55],{"class":54},[44,53966,2992],{"class":58},[44,53968,279],{"class":278},[44,53970,184],{"class":282},[44,53972,279],{"class":278},[44,53974,66],{"class":58},[44,53976,290],{"class":278},[44,53978,563],{"class":282},[44,53980,279],{"class":278},[44,53982,66],{"class":58},[44,53984,290],{"class":278},[44,53986,583],{"class":282},[44,53988,279],{"class":278},[44,53990,3005],{"class":58},[44,53992,53993],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,53994,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,53996,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53998,1602],{"class":50},[44,54000,55],{"class":54},[44,54002,5342],{"class":50},[44,54004,86],{"class":58},[44,54006,10758],{"class":89},[44,54008,913],{"class":58},[44,54010,54011],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,54012,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54014,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54016,106],{"class":105},[44,54018,93],{"class":58},[44,54020,922],{"class":89},[44,54022,3031],{"class":58},[44,54024,54025],{"class":3034},"   # []\n",[44,54027,54028,54030,54032,54034,54036],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,54029,106],{"class":105},[44,54031,93],{"class":58},[44,54033,1637],{"class":89},[44,54035,3031],{"class":58},[44,54037,20242],{"class":3034},[20,54039,54040],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54042,54044],{"className":37,"code":54043,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54045,54046,54066,54080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54047,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056,54058,54060,54062,54064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54049,904],{"class":50},[44,54051,55],{"class":54},[44,54053,2992],{"class":58},[44,54055,63],{"class":62},[44,54057,66],{"class":58},[44,54059,69],{"class":62},[44,54061,66],{"class":58},[44,54063,74],{"class":62},[44,54065,3005],{"class":58},[44,54067,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54069,904],{"class":50},[44,54071,55],{"class":54},[44,54073,5342],{"class":50},[44,54075,86],{"class":58},[44,54077,10758],{"class":89},[44,54079,913],{"class":58},[44,54081,54082,54084,54086,54088],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54083,106],{"class":105},[44,54085,93],{"class":58},[44,54087,922],{"class":89},[44,54089,99],{"class":58},[20,54091,11288,54092,41524,54094,54096],{},[15,54093,922],{},[15,54095,730],{},", not an empty list.",[30,54098,54100,54102,54103],{"id":54099},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54101,10697],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54104,3157],{},[20,54106,54107],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54109,54110],{"className":37,"code":53821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54111,54112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54113,54114,54116,54118,54120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54115,7717],{"class":50},[44,54117,86],{"class":58},[44,54119,10758],{"class":89},[44,54121,913],{"class":58},[35,54123,54125],{"className":37,"code":54124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54126,54127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54128,54129,54131,54133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54130,7686],{"class":50},[44,54132,55],{"class":54},[44,54134,7216],{"class":58},[693,54136,54138,54140],{"id":54137},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54139,10697],{}," empties the same list object",[35,54142,54144],{"className":37,"code":54143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54145,54146,54166,54174,54178,54188,54192,54204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54147,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54149,1925],{"class":50},[44,54151,55],{"class":54},[44,54153,2992],{"class":58},[44,54155,63],{"class":62},[44,54157,66],{"class":58},[44,54159,69],{"class":62},[44,54161,66],{"class":58},[44,54163,74],{"class":62},[44,54165,3005],{"class":58},[44,54167,54168,54170,54172],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54169,1953],{"class":50},[44,54171,55],{"class":54},[44,54173,35542],{"class":50},[44,54175,54176],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54177,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54179,54180,54182,54184,54186],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,54181,184],{"class":50},[44,54183,86],{"class":58},[44,54185,10758],{"class":89},[44,54187,913],{"class":58},[44,54189,54190],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54191,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54193,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,54195,106],{"class":105},[44,54197,93],{"class":58},[44,54199,184],{"class":89},[44,54201,3031],{"class":58},[44,54203,53777],{"class":3034},[44,54205,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,54207,106],{"class":105},[44,54209,93],{"class":58},[44,54211,563],{"class":89},[44,54213,3031],{"class":58},[44,54215,53777],{"class":3034},[20,54217,9966,54218,3766,54220,54222],{},[15,54219,184],{},[15,54221,563],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[693,54224,54226,54229],{"id":54225},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54227,54228],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,54231,54233],{"className":37,"code":54232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54234,54235,54255,54263,54267,54275,54279,54291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54236,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251,54253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54238,1925],{"class":50},[44,54240,55],{"class":54},[44,54242,2992],{"class":58},[44,54244,63],{"class":62},[44,54246,66],{"class":58},[44,54248,69],{"class":62},[44,54250,66],{"class":58},[44,54252,74],{"class":62},[44,54254,3005],{"class":58},[44,54256,54257,54259,54261],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54258,1953],{"class":50},[44,54260,55],{"class":54},[44,54262,35542],{"class":50},[44,54264,54265],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54266,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54268,54269,54271,54273],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,54270,1925],{"class":50},[44,54272,55],{"class":54},[44,54274,7216],{"class":58},[44,54276,54277],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54278,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54280,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,54282,106],{"class":105},[44,54284,93],{"class":58},[44,54286,184],{"class":89},[44,54288,3031],{"class":58},[44,54290,53777],{"class":3034},[44,54292,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,54294,106],{"class":105},[44,54296,93],{"class":58},[44,54298,563],{"class":89},[44,54300,3031],{"class":58},[44,54302,54303],{"class":3034},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54305,20137,54306,54308,54309,54311],{},[15,54307,184],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54310,563],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54313,54314],{},"This difference matters when:",[165,54316,54317,54320,54323],{},[168,54318,54319],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[168,54321,54322],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[168,54324,54325],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54327,54328,54329,86],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[184,54330,54332,54333,718],{"href":54331},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54334,12149],{},[30,54336,4334,54337],{"id":11810},[15,54338,10697],{},[20,54340,148,54341,5694],{},[15,54342,10697],{},[165,54344,54345,54348,54351],{},[168,54346,54347],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[168,54349,54350],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[168,54352,54353],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54355,894],{},[35,54357,54359],{"className":37,"code":54358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54360,54361,54397,54401,54406,54417,54421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54362,54363,54366,54368,54370,54372,54375,54377,54379,54381,54384,54386,54388,54390,54393,54395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54364,54365],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,54367,55],{"class":54},[44,54369,2992],{"class":58},[44,54371,279],{"class":278},[44,54373,54374],{"class":282},"milk",[44,54376,279],{"class":278},[44,54378,66],{"class":58},[44,54380,290],{"class":278},[44,54382,54383],{"class":282},"bread",[44,54385,279],{"class":278},[44,54387,66],{"class":58},[44,54389,290],{"class":278},[44,54391,54392],{"class":282},"eggs",[44,54394,279],{"class":278},[44,54396,3005],{"class":58},[44,54398,54399],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54400,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54402,54403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54404,54405],{"class":3034},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,54407,54408,54411,54413,54415],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,54409,54410],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,54412,86],{"class":58},[44,54414,10758],{"class":89},[44,54416,913],{"class":58},[44,54418,54419],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54420,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54422,54423,54425,54427,54429,54431],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,54424,106],{"class":105},[44,54426,93],{"class":58},[44,54428,54410],{"class":89},[44,54430,3031],{"class":58},[44,54432,53777],{"class":3034},[20,54434,54435,54436,54440,54441,54447,54448,86],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[184,54437,54439],{"href":54438},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[184,54442,54444,718],{"href":54443},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54445,54446],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[184,54449,54451,718],{"href":54450},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54452,54453],{},"list.pop()",[30,54455,3892],{"id":3891},[693,54457,54459,54460,1264,54463],{"id":54458},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54461,54462],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54464,54465],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54467,54468],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,54470,54472],{"className":37,"code":54471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54473,54474,54494,54498,54507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54475,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54477,904],{"class":50},[44,54479,55],{"class":54},[44,54481,2992],{"class":58},[44,54483,63],{"class":62},[44,54485,66],{"class":58},[44,54487,69],{"class":62},[44,54489,66],{"class":58},[44,54491,74],{"class":62},[44,54493,3005],{"class":58},[44,54495,54496],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54497,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54499,54500,54502,54504],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54501,922],{"class":50},[44,54503,86],{"class":58},[44,54505,54506],{"class":1219},"clear\n",[44,54508,54509,54511,54513,54515],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,54510,106],{"class":105},[44,54512,93],{"class":58},[44,54514,922],{"class":89},[44,54516,99],{"class":58},[20,54518,118],{},[35,54520,54522],{"className":37,"code":54521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54523,54524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54525,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54527,3270],{"class":58},[44,54529,63],{"class":62},[44,54531,66],{"class":58},[44,54533,69],{"class":62},[44,54535,66],{"class":58},[44,54537,74],{"class":62},[44,54539,3005],{"class":58},[20,54541,54542],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54544,10183],{},[35,54546,54548],{"className":37,"code":54547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54549,54550,54570,54574,54584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54551,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566,54568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54553,904],{"class":50},[44,54555,55],{"class":54},[44,54557,2992],{"class":58},[44,54559,63],{"class":62},[44,54561,66],{"class":58},[44,54563,69],{"class":62},[44,54565,66],{"class":58},[44,54567,74],{"class":62},[44,54569,3005],{"class":58},[44,54571,54572],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54573,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54575,54576,54578,54580,54582],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54577,922],{"class":50},[44,54579,86],{"class":58},[44,54581,10758],{"class":89},[44,54583,913],{"class":58},[44,54585,54586,54588,54590,54592,54594],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,54587,106],{"class":105},[44,54589,93],{"class":58},[44,54591,922],{"class":89},[44,54593,3031],{"class":58},[44,54595,53777],{"class":3034},[693,54597,1129,54599,54601],{"id":54598},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54600,10697],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54603,54604,727,54606,54608],{},[15,54605,10697],{},[15,54607,730],{},", not the list.",[35,54610,54612],{"className":37,"code":54611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54613,54614,54634,54648,54652,54664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54615,54616,54618,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54617,904],{"class":50},[44,54619,55],{"class":54},[44,54621,2992],{"class":58},[44,54623,63],{"class":62},[44,54625,66],{"class":58},[44,54627,69],{"class":62},[44,54629,66],{"class":58},[44,54631,74],{"class":62},[44,54633,3005],{"class":58},[44,54635,54636,54638,54640,54642,54644,54646],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54637,1602],{"class":50},[44,54639,55],{"class":54},[44,54641,5342],{"class":50},[44,54643,86],{"class":58},[44,54645,10758],{"class":89},[44,54647,913],{"class":58},[44,54649,54650],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54651,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,54653,54654,54656,54658,54660,54662],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,54655,106],{"class":105},[44,54657,93],{"class":58},[44,54659,1637],{"class":89},[44,54661,3031],{"class":58},[44,54663,20242],{"class":3034},[44,54665,54666,54668,54670,54672,54674],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54667,106],{"class":105},[44,54669,93],{"class":58},[44,54671,922],{"class":89},[44,54673,3031],{"class":58},[44,54675,54025],{"class":3034},[693,54677,1123,54679,54681],{"id":54678},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54680,10697],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54683,54684,54685,54687],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54686,10697],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54689,54690],{},"This will fail:",[35,54692,54694],{"className":37,"code":54693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54695,54696,54708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54697,54698,54700,54702,54704,54706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54699,34054],{"class":50},[44,54701,55],{"class":54},[44,54703,290],{"class":278},[44,54705,948],{"class":282},[44,54707,2727],{"class":278},[44,54709,54710,54712,54714,54716],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54711,34075],{"class":50},[44,54713,86],{"class":58},[44,54715,10758],{"class":89},[44,54717,913],{"class":58},[20,54719,54720,54721,32966],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54722,10697],{},[20,54724,54725,54726,54728],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54727,730],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54730,54731],{},"Useful checks:",[35,54733,54735],{"className":37,"code":54734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54736,54737,54747,54761,54775,54784,54794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54738,54739,54741,54743,54745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54740,106],{"class":105},[44,54742,93],{"class":58},[44,54744,7717],{"class":89},[44,54746,99],{"class":58},[44,54748,54749,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,54750,106],{"class":105},[44,54752,93],{"class":58},[44,54754,1090],{"class":909},[44,54756,93],{"class":58},[44,54758,7717],{"class":89},[44,54760,973],{"class":58},[44,54762,54763,54765,54767,54769,54771,54773],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54764,106],{"class":105},[44,54766,93],{"class":58},[44,54768,12022],{"class":105},[44,54770,93],{"class":58},[44,54772,7717],{"class":89},[44,54774,973],{"class":58},[44,54776,54777,54779,54781],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,54778,42919],{"class":50},[44,54780,55],{"class":54},[44,54782,54783],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,54785,54786,54788,54790,54792],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54787,7717],{"class":50},[44,54789,86],{"class":58},[44,54791,10758],{"class":89},[44,54793,913],{"class":58},[44,54795,54796,54798,54800,54802],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,54797,106],{"class":105},[44,54799,93],{"class":58},[44,54801,30108],{"class":89},[44,54803,99],{"class":58},[20,54805,54806],{},"These can help you see:",[165,54808,54809,54812,54815],{},[168,54810,54811],{},"What the variable currently contains",[168,54813,54814],{},"Whether it is really a list",[168,54816,54817],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54819,54820,54821,86],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[184,54822,54823],{"href":53667},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,54825,1235],{"id":1234},[693,54827,1239,54829,54831],{"id":54828},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54830,53720],{}," delete the list?",[20,54833,54834],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[693,54836,1239,54838,54840],{"id":54837},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,54839,53720],{}," return a new list?",[20,54842,54843,54844,54846],{},"No. It returns ",[15,54845,730],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[693,54848,4554,54850,3766,54852,1863],{"id":54849},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,54851,10697],{},[15,54853,54228],{},[20,54855,54856,54858,54859,54861],{},[15,54857,10697],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,54860,54228],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[693,54863,27696,54865,54867],{"id":54864},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,54866,10697],{}," on other types?",[20,54869,54870,54871,54873],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,54872,10697],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,54875,1279],{"id":1278},[165,54877,54878,54882,54887,54894,54901,54907],{},[168,54879,54880],{},[184,54881,52143],{"href":53941},[168,54883,54884],{},[184,54885,54886],{"href":54438},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[168,54888,54889],{},[184,54890,54891,54892,718],{"href":54450},"Python list ",[15,54893,12135],{},[168,54895,54896],{},[184,54897,54891,54898,718],{"href":54443},[15,54899,54900],{},"remove()",[168,54902,54903],{},[184,54904,54891,54905,718],{"href":54331},[15,54906,12149],{},[168,54908,54909],{},[184,54910,29713,54911,32999],{"href":53667},[15,54912,54913],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1304,54915,54916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":54918},[54919,54920,54922,54923,54924,54925,54932,54933,54941,54951],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":53785,"depth":80,"text":54921},"What list.clear() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":54099,"depth":80,"text":54926,"children":54927},"clear() vs assigning []",[54928,54930],{"id":54137,"depth":102,"text":54929},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54225,"depth":102,"text":54931},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11810,"depth":80,"text":12181},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":54934},[54935,54937,54939],{"id":54458,"depth":102,"text":54936},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54598,"depth":102,"text":54938},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54678,"depth":102,"text":54940},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":54942},[54943,54945,54947,54949],{"id":54828,"depth":102,"text":54944},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54837,"depth":102,"text":54946},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54849,"depth":102,"text":54948},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54864,"depth":102,"text":54950},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53707,"description":54952},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":54959,"title":54960,"body":54961,"description":56643,"extension":1334,"meta":56644,"navigation":322,"path":56645,"seo":56646,"stem":56647,"__hash__":56648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":54962,"toc":56611},[54963,54968,54974,54982,54984,55073,55080,55085,55089,55103,55105,55182,55184,55245,55248,55250,55252,55273,55276,55289,55292,55337,55339,55347,55350,55356,55362,55365,55442,55444,55489,55492,55497,55580,55582,55623,55628,55632,55638,55640,55648,55651,55744,55746,55804,55807,55823,55828,55836,55841,55843,55848,55853,55856,55858,55915,55918,55971,55977,55982,55986,56003,56005,56089,56091,56132,56140,56142,56147,56153,56155,56218,56223,56293,56297,56332,56335,56337,56376,56380,56456,56462,56468,56473,56495,56498,56517,56525,56527,56533,56536,56543,56551,56556,56559,56563,56569,56577,56580,56582,56608],[10,54964,53713,54966,18],{"id":54965},"python-list-copy-method",[15,54967,12149],{},[20,54969,54970,54973],{},[15,54971,54972],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,54975,54976,54977,13425,54979,54981],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,54978,55],{},[116,54980,736],{}," make a real copy.",[30,54983,33],{"id":32},[35,54985,54987],{"className":37,"code":54986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54988,54989,55009,55024,55028,55043,55047,55060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54990,54991,54993,54995,54997,54999,55001,55003,55005,55007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54992,51],{"class":50},[44,54994,55],{"class":54},[44,54996,2992],{"class":58},[44,54998,63],{"class":62},[44,55000,66],{"class":58},[44,55002,69],{"class":62},[44,55004,66],{"class":58},[44,55006,74],{"class":62},[44,55008,3005],{"class":58},[44,55010,55011,55014,55016,55018,55020,55022],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55012,55013],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,55015,55],{"class":54},[44,55017,3635],{"class":50},[44,55019,86],{"class":58},[44,55021,12284],{"class":89},[44,55023,913],{"class":58},[44,55025,55026],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55027,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55029,55030,55033,55035,55037,55039,55041],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,55031,55032],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,55034,86],{"class":58},[44,55036,12924],{"class":89},[44,55038,93],{"class":58},[44,55040,96],{"class":62},[44,55042,99],{"class":58},[44,55044,55045],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55046,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55048,55049,55051,55053,55055,55057],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,55050,106],{"class":105},[44,55052,93],{"class":58},[44,55054,83],{"class":89},[44,55056,3031],{"class":58},[44,55058,55059],{"class":3034},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55061,55062,55064,55066,55068,55070],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,55063,106],{"class":105},[44,55065,93],{"class":58},[44,55067,55032],{"class":89},[44,55069,3031],{"class":58},[44,55071,55072],{"class":3034},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55074,148,55075,55077,55078,86],{},[15,55076,54972],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[116,55079,12223],{},[30,55081,155,55083,158],{"id":55082},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55084,54972],{},[20,55086,55087,1084],{},[15,55088,54972],{},[165,55090,55091,55094,55097,55100],{},[168,55092,55093],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[168,55095,55096],{},"Returns that new list",[168,55098,55099],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[168,55101,55102],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55104,894],{},[35,55106,55108],{"className":37,"code":55107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55109,55110,55142,55157,55161,55171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55111,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120,55122,55124,55126,55128,55130,55132,55134,55136,55138,55140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55113,35606],{"class":50},[44,55115,55],{"class":54},[44,55117,2992],{"class":58},[44,55119,279],{"class":278},[44,55121,3450],{"class":282},[44,55123,279],{"class":278},[44,55125,66],{"class":58},[44,55127,290],{"class":278},[44,55129,3459],{"class":282},[44,55131,279],{"class":278},[44,55133,66],{"class":58},[44,55135,290],{"class":278},[44,55137,32586],{"class":282},[44,55139,279],{"class":278},[44,55141,3005],{"class":58},[44,55143,55144,55147,55149,55151,55153,55155],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55145,55146],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,55148,55],{"class":54},[44,55150,52223],{"class":50},[44,55152,86],{"class":58},[44,55154,12284],{"class":89},[44,55156,913],{"class":58},[44,55158,55159],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55160,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55162,55163,55165,55167,55169],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,55164,106],{"class":105},[44,55166,93],{"class":58},[44,55168,35658],{"class":89},[44,55170,99],{"class":58},[44,55172,55173,55175,55177,55180],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55174,106],{"class":105},[44,55176,93],{"class":58},[44,55178,55179],{"class":89},"copied_fruits",[44,55181,99],{"class":58},[20,55183,118],{},[35,55185,55187],{"className":37,"code":55186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55188,55189,55217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55190,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207,55209,55211,55213,55215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55192,3270],{"class":58},[44,55194,351],{"class":278},[44,55196,3450],{"class":282},[44,55198,351],{"class":278},[44,55200,66],{"class":58},[44,55202,360],{"class":278},[44,55204,3459],{"class":282},[44,55206,351],{"class":278},[44,55208,66],{"class":58},[44,55210,360],{"class":278},[44,55212,32586],{"class":282},[44,55214,351],{"class":278},[44,55216,3005],{"class":58},[44,55218,55219,55221,55223,55225,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55220,3270],{"class":58},[44,55222,351],{"class":278},[44,55224,3450],{"class":282},[44,55226,351],{"class":278},[44,55228,66],{"class":58},[44,55230,360],{"class":278},[44,55232,3459],{"class":282},[44,55234,351],{"class":278},[44,55236,66],{"class":58},[44,55238,360],{"class":278},[44,55240,32586],{"class":282},[44,55242,351],{"class":278},[44,55244,3005],{"class":58},[20,55246,55247],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,55249,196],{"id":195},[20,55251,1531],{},[35,55253,55255],{"className":37,"code":55254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55256,55257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55258,55259,55262,55264,55267,55269,55271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55260,55261],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,55263,55],{"class":54},[44,55265,55266],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,55268,86],{"class":58},[44,55270,12284],{"class":89},[44,55272,913],{"class":58},[20,55274,55275],{},"How it works:",[165,55277,55278,55283,55286],{},[168,55279,225,55280,55282],{},[15,55281,12149],{}," on an existing list",[168,55284,55285],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[168,55287,55288],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55290,55291],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,55293,55295],{"className":37,"code":55294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55296,55297,55306,55322,55326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55298,55299,55302,55304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55300,55301],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,55303,55],{"class":54},[44,55305,7216],{"class":58},[44,55307,55308,55311,55313,55316,55318,55320],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55309,55310],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,55312,55],{"class":54},[44,55314,55315],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,55317,86],{"class":58},[44,55319,12284],{"class":89},[44,55321,913],{"class":58},[44,55323,55324],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55325,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55327,55328,55330,55332,55335],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,55329,106],{"class":105},[44,55331,93],{"class":58},[44,55333,55334],{"class":89},"new_empty_list",[44,55336,99],{"class":58},[20,55338,118],{},[35,55340,55341],{"className":37,"code":37665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55342,55343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55344,55345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55346,37665],{"class":58},[20,55348,55349],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,55351,55353,55354],{"id":55352},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55355,55],{},[20,55357,1123,55358,13425,55360,52039],{},[15,55359,55],{},[116,55361,736],{},[20,55363,55364],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,55366,55368],{"className":37,"code":55367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55369,55370,55390,55399,55403,55418,55422,55432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55371,55372,55374,55376,55378,55380,55382,55384,55386,55388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55373,51],{"class":50},[44,55375,55],{"class":54},[44,55377,2992],{"class":58},[44,55379,63],{"class":62},[44,55381,66],{"class":58},[44,55383,69],{"class":62},[44,55385,66],{"class":58},[44,55387,74],{"class":62},[44,55389,3005],{"class":58},[44,55391,55392,55395,55397],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55393,55394],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,55396,55],{"class":54},[44,55398,43352],{"class":50},[44,55400,55401],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55402,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55404,55405,55408,55410,55412,55414,55416],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,55406,55407],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,55409,86],{"class":58},[44,55411,12924],{"class":89},[44,55413,93],{"class":58},[44,55415,96],{"class":62},[44,55417,99],{"class":58},[44,55419,55420],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55421,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55423,55424,55426,55428,55430],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,55425,106],{"class":105},[44,55427,93],{"class":58},[44,55429,83],{"class":89},[44,55431,99],{"class":58},[44,55433,55434,55436,55438,55440],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,55435,106],{"class":105},[44,55437,93],{"class":58},[44,55439,55407],{"class":89},[44,55441,99],{"class":58},[20,55443,118],{},[35,55445,55447],{"className":37,"code":55446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55448,55449,55469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55450,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459,55461,55463,55465,55467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55452,3270],{"class":58},[44,55454,63],{"class":62},[44,55456,66],{"class":58},[44,55458,69],{"class":62},[44,55460,66],{"class":58},[44,55462,74],{"class":62},[44,55464,66],{"class":58},[44,55466,143],{"class":62},[44,55468,3005],{"class":58},[44,55470,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483,55485,55487],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55472,3270],{"class":58},[44,55474,63],{"class":62},[44,55476,66],{"class":58},[44,55478,69],{"class":62},[44,55480,66],{"class":58},[44,55482,74],{"class":62},[44,55484,66],{"class":58},[44,55486,143],{"class":62},[44,55488,3005],{"class":58},[20,55490,55491],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55493,55494,55495,1084],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55496,12149],{},[35,55498,55500],{"className":37,"code":55499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55501,55502,55522,55537,55541,55556,55560,55570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55503,55504,55506,55508,55510,55512,55514,55516,55518,55520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55505,51],{"class":50},[44,55507,55],{"class":54},[44,55509,2992],{"class":58},[44,55511,63],{"class":62},[44,55513,66],{"class":58},[44,55515,69],{"class":62},[44,55517,66],{"class":58},[44,55519,74],{"class":62},[44,55521,3005],{"class":58},[44,55523,55524,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55525,55526],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,55528,55],{"class":54},[44,55530,3635],{"class":50},[44,55532,86],{"class":58},[44,55534,12284],{"class":89},[44,55536,913],{"class":58},[44,55538,55539],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55540,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55542,55543,55546,55548,55550,55552,55554],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,55544,55545],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,55547,86],{"class":58},[44,55549,12924],{"class":89},[44,55551,93],{"class":58},[44,55553,96],{"class":62},[44,55555,99],{"class":58},[44,55557,55558],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55559,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55561,55562,55564,55566,55568],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,55563,106],{"class":105},[44,55565,93],{"class":58},[44,55567,83],{"class":89},[44,55569,99],{"class":58},[44,55571,55572,55574,55576,55578],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,55573,106],{"class":105},[44,55575,93],{"class":58},[44,55577,55545],{"class":89},[44,55579,99],{"class":58},[20,55581,118],{},[35,55583,55585],{"className":37,"code":55584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55586,55587,55603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55588,55589,55591,55593,55595,55597,55599,55601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55590,3270],{"class":58},[44,55592,63],{"class":62},[44,55594,66],{"class":58},[44,55596,69],{"class":62},[44,55598,66],{"class":58},[44,55600,74],{"class":62},[44,55602,3005],{"class":58},[44,55604,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613,55615,55617,55619,55621],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55606,3270],{"class":58},[44,55608,63],{"class":62},[44,55610,66],{"class":58},[44,55612,69],{"class":62},[44,55614,66],{"class":58},[44,55616,74],{"class":62},[44,55618,66],{"class":58},[44,55620,143],{"class":62},[44,55622,3005],{"class":58},[20,55624,55625,55626,86],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[184,55627,52143],{"href":50352},[30,55629,55631],{"id":55630},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55633,55634,12220,55636,86],{},[15,55635,54972],{},[116,55637,12223],{},[20,55639,1478],{},[165,55641,55642,55645],{},[168,55643,55644],{},"The outer list is new",[168,55646,55647],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55649,55650],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,55652,55654],{"className":37,"code":55653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55655,55656,55683,55697,55701,55720,55724,55734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55657,55658,55660,55662,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55659,11458],{"class":50},[44,55661,55],{"class":54},[44,55663,55664],{"class":58}," [[",[44,55666,63],{"class":62},[44,55668,66],{"class":58},[44,55670,69],{"class":62},[44,55672,17428],{"class":58},[44,55674,2992],{"class":58},[44,55676,1433],{"class":62},[44,55678,66],{"class":58},[44,55680,143],{"class":62},[44,55682,52613],{"class":58},[44,55684,55685,55687,55689,55691,55693,55695],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55686,13683],{"class":50},[44,55688,55],{"class":54},[44,55690,11533],{"class":50},[44,55692,86],{"class":58},[44,55694,12284],{"class":89},[44,55696,913],{"class":58},[44,55698,55699],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55700,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55702,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713,55715,55718],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,55704,13702],{"class":50},[44,55706,3270],{"class":58},[44,55708,1491],{"class":62},[44,55710,12921],{"class":58},[44,55712,12924],{"class":89},[44,55714,93],{"class":58},[44,55716,55717],{"class":62},"99",[44,55719,99],{"class":58},[44,55721,55722],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55723,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55725,55726,55728,55730,55732],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,55727,106],{"class":105},[44,55729,93],{"class":58},[44,55731,11505],{"class":89},[44,55733,99],{"class":58},[44,55735,55736,55738,55740,55742],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,55737,106],{"class":105},[44,55739,93],{"class":58},[44,55741,13702],{"class":89},[44,55743,99],{"class":58},[20,55745,118],{},[35,55747,55749],{"className":37,"code":55748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55750,55751,55778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55752,55753,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55754,55755],{"class":58},"[[",[44,55757,63],{"class":62},[44,55759,66],{"class":58},[44,55761,69],{"class":62},[44,55763,66],{"class":58},[44,55765,9574],{"class":62},[44,55767,17428],{"class":58},[44,55769,2992],{"class":58},[44,55771,1433],{"class":62},[44,55773,66],{"class":58},[44,55775,143],{"class":62},[44,55777,52613],{"class":58},[44,55779,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796,55798,55800,55802],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55781,55755],{"class":58},[44,55783,63],{"class":62},[44,55785,66],{"class":58},[44,55787,69],{"class":62},[44,55789,66],{"class":58},[44,55791,9574],{"class":62},[44,55793,17428],{"class":58},[44,55795,2992],{"class":58},[44,55797,1433],{"class":62},[44,55799,66],{"class":58},[44,55801,143],{"class":62},[44,55803,52613],{"class":58},[20,55805,55806],{},"Why did both change?",[165,55808,55809,55816],{},[168,55810,55811,3766,55813,55815],{},[15,55812,11505],{},[15,55814,13702],{}," are different outer lists",[168,55817,55818,55819,55822],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55820,55821],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55824,53024,55825,55827],{},[15,55826,12149],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[165,55829,55830,55832,55834],{},[168,55831,245],{},[168,55833,248],{},[168,55835,254],{},[20,55837,55838,55839,86],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[184,55840,13162],{"href":13161},[30,55842,722],{"id":721},[20,55844,55845,55847],{},[15,55846,54972],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55849,40274,55850,55852],{},[116,55851,736],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55854,55855],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55857,16024],{},[35,55859,55861],{"className":37,"code":55860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55862,55863,55887,55901,55905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55864,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55866,271],{"class":50},[44,55868,55],{"class":54},[44,55870,2992],{"class":58},[44,55872,279],{"class":278},[44,55874,283],{"class":282},[44,55876,279],{"class":278},[44,55878,66],{"class":58},[44,55880,290],{"class":278},[44,55882,293],{"class":282},[44,55884,279],{"class":278},[44,55886,3005],{"class":58},[44,55888,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55890,12489],{"class":50},[44,55892,55],{"class":54},[44,55894,12494],{"class":50},[44,55896,86],{"class":58},[44,55898,12284],{"class":89},[44,55900,913],{"class":58},[44,55902,55903],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55904,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55906,55907,55909,55911,55913],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,55908,106],{"class":105},[44,55910,93],{"class":58},[44,55912,12513],{"class":89},[44,55914,99],{"class":58},[20,55916,55917],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,55919,55921],{"className":37,"code":55920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,55922,55923,55947,55957,55961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55924,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941,55943,55945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55926,271],{"class":50},[44,55928,55],{"class":54},[44,55930,2992],{"class":58},[44,55932,279],{"class":278},[44,55934,283],{"class":282},[44,55936,279],{"class":278},[44,55938,66],{"class":58},[44,55940,290],{"class":278},[44,55942,293],{"class":282},[44,55944,279],{"class":278},[44,55946,3005],{"class":58},[44,55948,55949,55951,55953,55955],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,55950,302],{"class":50},[44,55952,86],{"class":58},[44,55954,12284],{"class":89},[44,55956,913],{"class":58},[44,55958,55959],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55960,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,55962,55963,55965,55967,55969],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,55964,106],{"class":105},[44,55966,93],{"class":58},[44,55968,302],{"class":89},[44,55970,99],{"class":58},[20,55972,55973,55974,55976],{},"In the second example, ",[15,55975,12149],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,55978,4334,55980],{"id":55979},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,55981,54972],{},[20,55983,148,55984,9977],{},[15,55985,54972],{},[165,55987,55988,55991,55994,55997],{},[168,55989,55990],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[168,55992,55993],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[168,55995,55996],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[168,55998,55999,56000],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56001,56002],{},"[:]",[20,56004,894],{},[35,56006,56008],{"className":37,"code":56007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56009,56010,56030,56045,56049,56064,56068,56078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56011,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56013,4437],{"class":50},[44,56015,55],{"class":54},[44,56017,2992],{"class":58},[44,56019,931],{"class":62},[44,56021,66],{"class":58},[44,56023,7168],{"class":62},[44,56025,66],{"class":58},[44,56027,7173],{"class":62},[44,56029,3005],{"class":58},[44,56031,56032,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56033,56034],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56036,55],{"class":54},[44,56038,4484],{"class":50},[44,56040,86],{"class":58},[44,56042,12284],{"class":89},[44,56044,913],{"class":58},[44,56046,56047],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56048,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,56050,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059,56062],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,56052,15757],{"class":50},[44,56054,86],{"class":58},[44,56056,12924],{"class":89},[44,56058,93],{"class":58},[44,56060,56061],{"class":62},"40",[44,56063,99],{"class":58},[44,56065,56066],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56067,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,56069,56070,56072,56074,56076],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,56071,106],{"class":105},[44,56073,93],{"class":58},[44,56075,15757],{"class":89},[44,56077,99],{"class":58},[44,56079,56080,56082,56084,56087],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,56081,106],{"class":105},[44,56083,93],{"class":58},[44,56085,56086],{"class":89},"backup_scores",[44,56088,99],{"class":58},[20,56090,118],{},[35,56092,56094],{"className":37,"code":56093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56095,56096,56116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56097,56098,56100,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112,56114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56099,3270],{"class":58},[44,56101,931],{"class":62},[44,56103,66],{"class":58},[44,56105,7168],{"class":62},[44,56107,66],{"class":58},[44,56109,7173],{"class":62},[44,56111,66],{"class":58},[44,56113,50216],{"class":62},[44,56115,3005],{"class":58},[44,56117,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56119,3270],{"class":58},[44,56121,931],{"class":62},[44,56123,66],{"class":58},[44,56125,7168],{"class":62},[44,56127,66],{"class":58},[44,56129,7173],{"class":62},[44,56131,3005],{"class":58},[20,56133,56134,56135,86],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[184,56136,54891,56138,718],{"href":56137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56139,1144],{},[30,56141,3892],{"id":3891},[20,56143,56144,56145,86],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56146,54972],{},[693,56148,1123,56150,56152],{"id":56149},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56151,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56154,38567],{},[35,56156,56158],{"className":37,"code":56157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56159,56160,56180,56188,56202,56206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56161,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56163,1925],{"class":50},[44,56165,55],{"class":54},[44,56167,2992],{"class":58},[44,56169,63],{"class":62},[44,56171,66],{"class":58},[44,56173,69],{"class":62},[44,56175,66],{"class":58},[44,56177,74],{"class":62},[44,56179,3005],{"class":58},[44,56181,56182,56184,56186],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56183,1953],{"class":50},[44,56185,55],{"class":54},[44,56187,35542],{"class":50},[44,56189,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56191,563],{"class":50},[44,56193,86],{"class":58},[44,56195,12924],{"class":89},[44,56197,93],{"class":58},[44,56199,96],{"class":62},[44,56201,99],{"class":58},[44,56203,56204],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,56205,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,56207,56208,56210,56212,56214,56216],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56209,106],{"class":105},[44,56211,93],{"class":58},[44,56213,184],{"class":89},[44,56215,3031],{"class":58},[44,56217,55072],{"class":3034},[20,56219,56220,56221,6007],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56222,12149],{},[35,56224,56226],{"className":37,"code":56225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56227,56228,56248,56263,56277,56281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56229,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242,56244,56246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56231,1925],{"class":50},[44,56233,55],{"class":54},[44,56235,2992],{"class":58},[44,56237,63],{"class":62},[44,56239,66],{"class":58},[44,56241,69],{"class":62},[44,56243,66],{"class":58},[44,56245,74],{"class":62},[44,56247,3005],{"class":58},[44,56249,56250,56252,56254,56257,56259,56261],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56251,1953],{"class":50},[44,56253,55],{"class":54},[44,56255,56256],{"class":50}," a",[44,56258,86],{"class":58},[44,56260,12284],{"class":89},[44,56262,913],{"class":58},[44,56264,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56266,563],{"class":50},[44,56268,86],{"class":58},[44,56270,12924],{"class":89},[44,56272,93],{"class":58},[44,56274,96],{"class":62},[44,56276,99],{"class":58},[44,56278,56279],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,56280,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,56282,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56284,106],{"class":105},[44,56286,93],{"class":58},[44,56288,184],{"class":89},[44,56290,3031],{"class":58},[44,56292,54303],{"class":3034},[693,56294,56296],{"id":56295},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,56298,56300],{"className":37,"code":56299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56301,56302,56322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56303,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314,56316,56318,56320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56305,51],{"class":50},[44,56307,55],{"class":54},[44,56309,2992],{"class":58},[44,56311,63],{"class":62},[44,56313,66],{"class":58},[44,56315,69],{"class":62},[44,56317,66],{"class":58},[44,56319,74],{"class":62},[44,56321,3005],{"class":58},[44,56323,56324,56326,56328,56330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56325,83],{"class":50},[44,56327,86],{"class":58},[44,56329,12284],{"class":89},[44,56331,913],{"class":58},[20,56333,56334],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56336,38630],{},[35,56338,56340],{"className":37,"code":56339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56341,56342,56362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56343,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356,56358,56360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56345,51],{"class":50},[44,56347,55],{"class":54},[44,56349,2992],{"class":58},[44,56351,63],{"class":62},[44,56353,66],{"class":58},[44,56355,69],{"class":62},[44,56357,66],{"class":58},[44,56359,74],{"class":62},[44,56361,3005],{"class":58},[44,56363,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56365,55526],{"class":50},[44,56367,55],{"class":54},[44,56369,3635],{"class":50},[44,56371,86],{"class":58},[44,56373,12284],{"class":89},[44,56375,913],{"class":58},[693,56377,56379],{"id":56378},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,56381,56383],{"className":37,"code":56382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56384,56385,56403,56417,56421,56439,56443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56386,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399,56401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56388,1925],{"class":50},[44,56390,55],{"class":54},[44,56392,55664],{"class":58},[44,56394,63],{"class":62},[44,56396,17428],{"class":58},[44,56398,2992],{"class":58},[44,56400,472],{"class":62},[44,56402,52613],{"class":58},[44,56404,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413,56415],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56406,1953],{"class":50},[44,56408,55],{"class":54},[44,56410,56256],{"class":50},[44,56412,86],{"class":58},[44,56414,12284],{"class":89},[44,56416,913],{"class":58},[44,56418,56419],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56420,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,56422,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,56424,563],{"class":50},[44,56426,3270],{"class":58},[44,56428,1491],{"class":62},[44,56430,12921],{"class":58},[44,56432,12924],{"class":89},[44,56434,93],{"class":58},[44,56436,55717],{"class":62},[44,56438,99],{"class":58},[44,56440,56441],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56442,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,56444,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,56446,106],{"class":105},[44,56448,93],{"class":58},[44,56450,184],{"class":89},[44,56452,3031],{"class":58},[44,56454,56455],{"class":3034},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56457,56458,56459,56461],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56460,54972],{}," is shallow.",[693,56463,24983,56465,56467],{"id":56464},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56466,12149],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56469,56470,56472],{},[15,56471,12149],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,56474,56476],{"className":37,"code":56475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56477,56478,56490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56479,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56481,7254],{"class":50},[44,56483,55],{"class":54},[44,56485,290],{"class":278},[44,56487,4377],{"class":282},[44,56489,2727],{"class":278},[44,56491,56492],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56493,56494],{"class":3034},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56496,56497],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,56499,56501],{"className":37,"code":56500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56502,56503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56504,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56506,106],{"class":105},[44,56508,93],{"class":58},[44,56510,1090],{"class":909},[44,56512,93],{"class":58},[44,56514,7046],{"class":89},[44,56516,973],{"class":58},[20,56518,56519,56520,56524],{},"You can also review ",[184,56521,56523],{"href":56522},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,56526,1235],{"id":1234},[693,56528,1239,56530,56532],{"id":56529},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56531,54972],{}," change the original list?",[20,56534,56535],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[693,56537,4554,56539,3766,56541,1863],{"id":56538},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56540,54972],{},[15,56542,55],{},[20,56544,56545,56547,56548,56550],{},[15,56546,12149],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56549,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[693,56552,14274,56554,14277],{"id":56553},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56555,54972],{},[20,56557,56558],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[693,56560,56562],{"id":56561},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56564,41521,56565,56568],{},[15,56566,56567],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[693,56570,14274,56572,56574,56575,1863],{"id":56571},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56573,54972],{}," the same as ",[15,56576,56002],{},[20,56578,56579],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,56581,1279],{"id":1278},[165,56583,56584,56589,56593,56598,56604],{},[168,56585,56586],{},[184,56587,14335],{"href":56588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[168,56590,56591],{},[184,56592,52143],{"href":50352},[168,56594,56595],{},[184,56596,56597],{"href":56522},"Creating a list in Python",[168,56599,56600],{},[184,56601,54891,56602,718],{"href":56137},[15,56603,1144],{},[168,56605,56606],{},[184,56607,13162],{"href":13161},[1304,56609,56610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":56612},[56613,56614,56616,56617,56619,56620,56621,56623,56631,56642],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":55082,"depth":80,"text":56615},"What list.copy() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":55352,"depth":80,"text":56618},"Why not use =",{"id":55630,"depth":80,"text":55631},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":55979,"depth":80,"text":56622},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":56624},[56625,56627,56628,56629],{"id":56149,"depth":102,"text":56626},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56295,"depth":102,"text":56296},{"id":56378,"depth":102,"text":56379},{"id":56464,"depth":102,"text":56630},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":56632},[56633,56635,56637,56639,56640],{"id":56529,"depth":102,"text":56634},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56538,"depth":102,"text":56636},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56553,"depth":102,"text":56638},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56561,"depth":102,"text":56562},{"id":56571,"depth":102,"text":56641},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":54960,"description":56643},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56650,"title":56651,"body":56652,"description":58394,"extension":1334,"meta":58395,"navigation":322,"path":58396,"seo":58397,"stem":58398,"__hash__":58399},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56653,"toc":58353},[56654,56660,56666,56669,56680,56683,56685,56748,56754,56759,56763,56777,56780,56785,56790,56792,56794,56813,56825,56827,56894,56896,56904,56909,56911,56919,56922,56939,56941,57065,57076,57080,57085,57088,57090,57108,57112,57198,57207,57215,57284,57286,57289,57301,57306,57310,57381,57384,57388,57392,57457,57459,57467,57471,57554,57556,57564,57568,57629,57631,57639,57643,57730,57732,57740,57745,57750,57753,57764,57766,57851,57856,57865,57867,57871,57875,57880,57942,57946,57954,57960,57969,57974,58023,58026,58047,58051,58113,58120,58125,58128,58215,58218,58229,58232,58252,58254,58260,58263,58267,58271,58277,58280,58286,58293,58301,58312,58314,58350],[10,56655,53713,56657,18],{"id":56656},"python-list-count-method",[15,56658,56659],{},"count()",[20,56661,56662,56665],{},[15,56663,56664],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56667,56668],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[165,56670,56671,56674,56677],{},[168,56672,56673],{},"count one specific item",[168,56675,56676],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[168,56678,56679],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56681,56682],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,56684,2978],{"id":2977},[35,56686,56688],{"className":37,"code":56687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56689,56690,56718,56736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56691,56692,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712,56714,56716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56693,51],{"class":50},[44,56695,55],{"class":54},[44,56697,2992],{"class":58},[44,56699,63],{"class":62},[44,56701,66],{"class":58},[44,56703,69],{"class":62},[44,56705,66],{"class":58},[44,56707,69],{"class":62},[44,56709,66],{"class":58},[44,56711,74],{"class":62},[44,56713,66],{"class":58},[44,56715,69],{"class":62},[44,56717,3005],{"class":58},[44,56719,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56721,1602],{"class":50},[44,56723,55],{"class":54},[44,56725,3635],{"class":50},[44,56727,86],{"class":58},[44,56729,40628],{"class":89},[44,56731,93],{"class":58},[44,56733,472],{"class":62},[44,56735,99],{"class":58},[44,56737,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56739,106],{"class":105},[44,56741,93],{"class":58},[44,56743,1637],{"class":89},[44,56745,3031],{"class":58},[44,56747,50143],{"class":3034},[20,56749,148,56750,56753],{},[15,56751,56752],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,56755,155,56757,158],{"id":56756},"what-listcount-does",[15,56758,56664],{},[20,56760,56761,1084],{},[15,56762,56664],{},[165,56764,56765,56768,56771,56774],{},[168,56766,56767],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[168,56769,56770],{},"returns an integer",[168,56772,56773],{},"does not change the original list",[168,56775,56776],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56778,56779],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56781,56782,56783,86],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56784,1433],{},[20,56786,56787,56788,86],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56789,1491],{},[30,56791,196],{"id":195},[20,56793,1531],{},[35,56795,56797],{"className":37,"code":56796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56798,56799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56800,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809,56811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56802,7717],{"class":50},[44,56804,86],{"class":58},[44,56806,40628],{"class":89},[44,56808,93],{"class":58},[44,56810,1188],{"class":89},[44,56812,99],{"class":58},[165,56814,56815,56820],{},[168,56816,56817,56819],{},[15,56818,7717],{}," is the list you want to search",[168,56821,56822,56824],{},[15,56823,1188],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56826,894],{},[35,56828,56830],{"className":37,"code":56829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56831,56832,56872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56833,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56835,546],{"class":50},[44,56837,55],{"class":54},[44,56839,2992],{"class":58},[44,56841,279],{"class":278},[44,56843,184],{"class":282},[44,56845,279],{"class":278},[44,56847,66],{"class":58},[44,56849,290],{"class":278},[44,56851,563],{"class":282},[44,56853,279],{"class":278},[44,56855,66],{"class":58},[44,56857,290],{"class":278},[44,56859,184],{"class":282},[44,56861,279],{"class":278},[44,56863,66],{"class":58},[44,56865,290],{"class":278},[44,56867,583],{"class":282},[44,56869,279],{"class":278},[44,56871,3005],{"class":58},[44,56873,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890,56892],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56875,106],{"class":105},[44,56877,93],{"class":58},[44,56879,572],{"class":89},[44,56881,86],{"class":58},[44,56883,40628],{"class":89},[44,56885,93],{"class":58},[44,56887,279],{"class":278},[44,56889,184],{"class":282},[44,56891,279],{"class":278},[44,56893,973],{"class":58},[20,56895,118],{},[35,56897,56898],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,56899,56900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56901,56902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56903,16425],{"class":62},[20,56905,56906,56907,86],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,56908,1491],{},[30,56910,37388],{"id":37387},[20,56912,56913,56914,56916,56917,86],{},"The return value from ",[15,56915,56659],{}," is always an ",[15,56918,1560],{},[20,56920,56921],{},"Possible results:",[165,56923,56924,56929,56934],{},[168,56925,56926,56928],{},[15,56927,1491],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[168,56930,56931,56933],{},[15,56932,63],{}," if it appears once",[168,56935,56936,56938],{},[15,56937,472],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,56940,894],{},[35,56942,56944],{"className":37,"code":56943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,56945,56946,56986,56990,57015,57040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56947,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980,56982,56984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56949,271],{"class":50},[44,56951,55],{"class":54},[44,56953,2992],{"class":58},[44,56955,279],{"class":278},[44,56957,283],{"class":282},[44,56959,279],{"class":278},[44,56961,66],{"class":58},[44,56963,290],{"class":278},[44,56965,293],{"class":282},[44,56967,279],{"class":278},[44,56969,66],{"class":58},[44,56971,290],{"class":278},[44,56973,313],{"class":282},[44,56975,279],{"class":278},[44,56977,66],{"class":58},[44,56979,290],{"class":278},[44,56981,293],{"class":282},[44,56983,279],{"class":278},[44,56985,3005],{"class":58},[44,56987,56988],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,56989,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,56991,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006,57008,57010,57012],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56993,106],{"class":105},[44,56995,93],{"class":58},[44,56997,302],{"class":89},[44,56999,86],{"class":58},[44,57001,40628],{"class":89},[44,57003,93],{"class":58},[44,57005,279],{"class":278},[44,57007,293],{"class":282},[44,57009,279],{"class":278},[44,57011,4737],{"class":58},[44,57013,57014],{"class":3034},"   # 2\n",[44,57016,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,57018,106],{"class":105},[44,57020,93],{"class":58},[44,57022,302],{"class":89},[44,57024,86],{"class":58},[44,57026,40628],{"class":89},[44,57028,93],{"class":58},[44,57030,279],{"class":278},[44,57032,283],{"class":282},[44,57034,279],{"class":278},[44,57036,4737],{"class":58},[44,57038,57039],{"class":3034},"    # 1\n",[44,57041,57042,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,57043,106],{"class":105},[44,57045,93],{"class":58},[44,57047,302],{"class":89},[44,57049,86],{"class":58},[44,57051,40628],{"class":89},[44,57053,93],{"class":58},[44,57055,279],{"class":278},[44,57057,21891],{"class":282},[44,57059,279],{"class":278},[44,57061,4737],{"class":58},[44,57063,57064],{"class":3034}," # 0\n",[20,57066,57067,57068,57070,57071,57073,57074,86],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57069,56659],{}," works, but using ",[15,57072,3253],{}," is often simpler. See ",[184,57075,5575],{"href":5574},[30,57077,57079],{"id":57078},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57081,57082,57084],{},[15,57083,56664],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57086,57087],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57089,43020],{},[165,57091,57092,57095,57098,57105],{},[168,57093,57094],{},"matches are based on equality",[168,57096,57097],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[168,57099,57100,3766,57102,57104],{},[15,57101,63],{},[15,57103,987],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[168,57106,57107],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[693,57109,57111],{"id":57110},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57113,57115],{"className":37,"code":57114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57116,57117,57150,57174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57118,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146,57148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57120,3441],{"class":50},[44,57122,55],{"class":54},[44,57124,2992],{"class":58},[44,57126,279],{"class":278},[44,57128,3450],{"class":282},[44,57130,279],{"class":278},[44,57132,66],{"class":58},[44,57134,290],{"class":278},[44,57136,57137],{"class":282},"Apple",[44,57139,279],{"class":278},[44,57141,66],{"class":58},[44,57143,290],{"class":278},[44,57145,3450],{"class":282},[44,57147,279],{"class":278},[44,57149,3005],{"class":58},[44,57151,57152,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57153,106],{"class":105},[44,57155,93],{"class":58},[44,57157,3485],{"class":89},[44,57159,86],{"class":58},[44,57161,40628],{"class":89},[44,57163,93],{"class":58},[44,57165,279],{"class":278},[44,57167,3450],{"class":282},[44,57169,279],{"class":278},[44,57171,4737],{"class":58},[44,57173,50788],{"class":3034},[44,57175,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57177,106],{"class":105},[44,57179,93],{"class":58},[44,57181,3485],{"class":89},[44,57183,86],{"class":58},[44,57185,40628],{"class":89},[44,57187,93],{"class":58},[44,57189,279],{"class":278},[44,57191,57137],{"class":282},[44,57193,279],{"class":278},[44,57195,4737],{"class":58},[44,57197,27147],{"class":3034},[20,57199,57200,3766,57203,57206],{},[15,57201,57202],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57204,57205],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[693,57208,57210,3766,57212,57214],{"id":57209},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57211,63],{},[15,57213,987],{}," can match",[35,57216,57218],{"className":37,"code":57217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57219,57220,57244,57264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57221,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57223,3193],{"class":50},[44,57225,55],{"class":54},[44,57227,2992],{"class":58},[44,57229,63],{"class":62},[44,57231,66],{"class":58},[44,57233,3286],{"class":871},[44,57235,66],{"class":58},[44,57237,69],{"class":62},[44,57239,66],{"class":58},[44,57241,4874],{"class":62},[44,57243,3005],{"class":58},[44,57245,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260,57262],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57247,106],{"class":105},[44,57249,93],{"class":58},[44,57251,4734],{"class":89},[44,57253,86],{"class":58},[44,57255,40628],{"class":89},[44,57257,93],{"class":58},[44,57259,63],{"class":62},[44,57261,4737],{"class":58},[44,57263,50291],{"class":3034},[44,57265,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57267,106],{"class":105},[44,57269,93],{"class":58},[44,57271,4734],{"class":89},[44,57273,86],{"class":58},[44,57275,40628],{"class":89},[44,57277,93],{"class":58},[44,57279,987],{"class":871},[44,57281,4737],{"class":58},[44,57283,50143],{"class":3034},[20,57285,3783],{},[20,57287,57288],{},"In Python:",[165,57290,57291,57296],{},[168,57292,57293],{},[15,57294,57295],{},"True == 1",[168,57297,57298],{},[15,57299,57300],{},"False == 0",[20,57302,53024,57303,57305],{},[15,57304,56659],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[693,57307,57309],{"id":57308},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,57311,57313],{"className":37,"code":57312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57314,57315,57357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57316,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349,57351,57353,57355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57318,904],{"class":50},[44,57320,55],{"class":54},[44,57322,55664],{"class":58},[44,57324,63],{"class":62},[44,57326,66],{"class":58},[44,57328,69],{"class":62},[44,57330,17428],{"class":58},[44,57332,2992],{"class":58},[44,57334,1433],{"class":62},[44,57336,66],{"class":58},[44,57338,143],{"class":62},[44,57340,17428],{"class":58},[44,57342,2992],{"class":58},[44,57344,63],{"class":62},[44,57346,66],{"class":58},[44,57348,69],{"class":62},[44,57350,17428],{"class":58},[44,57352,2992],{"class":58},[44,57354,63],{"class":62},[44,57356,52613],{"class":58},[44,57358,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57360,106],{"class":105},[44,57362,93],{"class":58},[44,57364,922],{"class":89},[44,57366,86],{"class":58},[44,57368,40628],{"class":89},[44,57370,650],{"class":58},[44,57372,63],{"class":62},[44,57374,66],{"class":58},[44,57376,69],{"class":62},[44,57378,4108],{"class":58},[44,57380,50788],{"class":3034},[20,57382,57383],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,57385,57387],{"id":57386},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[693,57389,57391],{"id":57390},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,57393,57395],{"className":37,"code":57394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57396,57397,57425,57443,57447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57398,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57400,51],{"class":50},[44,57402,55],{"class":54},[44,57404,2992],{"class":58},[44,57406,931],{"class":62},[44,57408,66],{"class":58},[44,57410,7168],{"class":62},[44,57412,66],{"class":58},[44,57414,5381],{"class":62},[44,57416,66],{"class":58},[44,57418,7173],{"class":62},[44,57420,66],{"class":58},[44,57422,5381],{"class":62},[44,57424,3005],{"class":58},[44,57426,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439,57441],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57428,1602],{"class":50},[44,57430,55],{"class":54},[44,57432,3635],{"class":50},[44,57434,86],{"class":58},[44,57436,40628],{"class":89},[44,57438,93],{"class":58},[44,57440,931],{"class":62},[44,57442,99],{"class":58},[44,57444,57445],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57446,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,57448,57449,57451,57453,57455],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,57450,106],{"class":105},[44,57452,93],{"class":58},[44,57454,1637],{"class":89},[44,57456,99],{"class":58},[20,57458,118],{},[35,57460,57461],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57462,57463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57464,57465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57466,45988],{"class":62},[693,57468,57470],{"id":57469},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,57472,57474],{"className":37,"code":57473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57475,57476,57518,57540,57544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57477,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57514,57516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57479,3441],{"class":50},[44,57481,55],{"class":54},[44,57483,2992],{"class":58},[44,57485,279],{"class":278},[44,57487,36415],{"class":282},[44,57489,279],{"class":278},[44,57491,66],{"class":58},[44,57493,290],{"class":278},[44,57495,57496],{"class":282},"dog",[44,57498,279],{"class":278},[44,57500,66],{"class":58},[44,57502,290],{"class":278},[44,57504,36415],{"class":282},[44,57506,279],{"class":278},[44,57508,66],{"class":58},[44,57510,290],{"class":278},[44,57512,57513],{"class":282},"bird",[44,57515,279],{"class":278},[44,57517,3005],{"class":58},[44,57519,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57521,1602],{"class":50},[44,57523,55],{"class":54},[44,57525,5545],{"class":50},[44,57527,86],{"class":58},[44,57529,40628],{"class":89},[44,57531,93],{"class":58},[44,57533,279],{"class":278},[44,57535,36415],{"class":282},[44,57537,279],{"class":278},[44,57539,99],{"class":58},[44,57541,57542],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57543,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,57545,57546,57548,57550,57552],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,57547,106],{"class":105},[44,57549,93],{"class":58},[44,57551,1637],{"class":89},[44,57553,99],{"class":58},[20,57555,118],{},[35,57557,57558],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57559,57560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57561,57562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57563,16425],{"class":62},[693,57565,57567],{"id":57566},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,57569,57571],{"className":37,"code":57570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57572,57573,57597,57615,57619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57574,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57576,51],{"class":50},[44,57578,55],{"class":54},[44,57580,2992],{"class":58},[44,57582,63],{"class":62},[44,57584,66],{"class":58},[44,57586,69],{"class":62},[44,57588,66],{"class":58},[44,57590,74],{"class":62},[44,57592,66],{"class":58},[44,57594,143],{"class":62},[44,57596,3005],{"class":58},[44,57598,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57600,1602],{"class":50},[44,57602,55],{"class":54},[44,57604,3635],{"class":50},[44,57606,86],{"class":58},[44,57608,40628],{"class":89},[44,57610,93],{"class":58},[44,57612,1508],{"class":62},[44,57614,99],{"class":58},[44,57616,57617],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57618,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,57620,57621,57623,57625,57627],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,57622,106],{"class":105},[44,57624,93],{"class":58},[44,57626,1637],{"class":89},[44,57628,99],{"class":58},[20,57630,118],{},[35,57632,57633],{"className":37,"code":46623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57634,57635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57636,57637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57638,46623],{"class":62},[693,57640,57642],{"id":57641},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,57644,57646],{"className":37,"code":57645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57647,57648,57694,57716,57720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57649,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690,57692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57651,8544],{"class":50},[44,57653,55],{"class":54},[44,57655,55664],{"class":58},[44,57657,63],{"class":62},[44,57659,66],{"class":58},[44,57661,69],{"class":62},[44,57663,17428],{"class":58},[44,57665,2992],{"class":58},[44,57667,63],{"class":62},[44,57669,66],{"class":58},[44,57671,69],{"class":62},[44,57673,17428],{"class":58},[44,57675,2992],{"class":58},[44,57677,472],{"class":62},[44,57679,66],{"class":58},[44,57681,74],{"class":62},[44,57683,17428],{"class":58},[44,57685,2992],{"class":58},[44,57687,63],{"class":62},[44,57689,66],{"class":58},[44,57691,69],{"class":62},[44,57693,52613],{"class":58},[44,57695,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57697,1602],{"class":50},[44,57699,55],{"class":54},[44,57701,13938],{"class":50},[44,57703,86],{"class":58},[44,57705,40628],{"class":89},[44,57707,650],{"class":58},[44,57709,63],{"class":62},[44,57711,66],{"class":58},[44,57713,69],{"class":62},[44,57715,677],{"class":58},[44,57717,57718],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57719,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,57721,57722,57724,57726,57728],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,57723,106],{"class":105},[44,57725,93],{"class":58},[44,57727,1637],{"class":89},[44,57729,99],{"class":58},[20,57731,118],{},[35,57733,57734],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57735,57736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57737,57738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57739,45988],{"class":62},[30,57741,4334,57743],{"id":57742},"when-to-use-count",[15,57744,56659],{},[20,57746,148,57747,57749],{},[15,57748,56659],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57751,57752],{},"Good use cases:",[165,57754,57755,57758,57761],{},[168,57756,57757],{},"counting one specific item",[168,57759,57760],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[168,57762,57763],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57765,894],{},[35,57767,57769],{"className":37,"code":57768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57770,57771,57812,57836,57840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57772,57773,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57774,57775],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,57777,55],{"class":54},[44,57779,2992],{"class":58},[44,57781,279],{"class":278},[44,57783,8035],{"class":282},[44,57785,279],{"class":278},[44,57787,66],{"class":58},[44,57789,290],{"class":278},[44,57791,7975],{"class":282},[44,57793,279],{"class":278},[44,57795,66],{"class":58},[44,57797,290],{"class":278},[44,57799,8035],{"class":282},[44,57801,279],{"class":278},[44,57803,66],{"class":58},[44,57805,290],{"class":278},[44,57807,8035],{"class":282},[44,57809,279],{"class":278},[44,57811,3005],{"class":58},[44,57813,57814,57817,57819,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57815,57816],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,57818,55],{"class":54},[44,57820,57821],{"class":50}," votes",[44,57823,86],{"class":58},[44,57825,40628],{"class":89},[44,57827,93],{"class":58},[44,57829,279],{"class":278},[44,57831,8035],{"class":282},[44,57833,279],{"class":278},[44,57835,99],{"class":58},[44,57837,57838],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57839,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,57841,57842,57844,57846,57849],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,57843,106],{"class":105},[44,57845,93],{"class":58},[44,57847,57848],{"class":89},"yes_votes",[44,57850,99],{"class":58},[20,57852,57853,57855],{},[15,57854,56659],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57857,57858,57859,3766,57861,86],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[184,57860,52143],{"href":50352},[184,57862,57864],{"href":57863},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,57866,1113],{"id":1112},[20,57868,7825,57869,86],{},[15,57870,56664],{},[693,57872,57874],{"id":57873},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,57876,57877,57879],{},[15,57878,56664],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,57881,57883],{"className":37,"code":57882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,57884,57885,57918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57886,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57888,3441],{"class":50},[44,57890,55],{"class":54},[44,57892,2992],{"class":58},[44,57894,279],{"class":278},[44,57896,57897],{"class":282},"apple pie",[44,57899,279],{"class":278},[44,57901,66],{"class":58},[44,57903,290],{"class":278},[44,57905,3459],{"class":282},[44,57907,279],{"class":278},[44,57909,66],{"class":58},[44,57911,290],{"class":278},[44,57913,57897],{"class":282},[44,57915,279],{"class":278},[44,57917,3005],{"class":58},[44,57919,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,57921,106],{"class":105},[44,57923,93],{"class":58},[44,57925,3485],{"class":89},[44,57927,86],{"class":58},[44,57929,40628],{"class":89},[44,57931,93],{"class":58},[44,57933,279],{"class":278},[44,57935,3450],{"class":282},[44,57937,279],{"class":278},[44,57939,4737],{"class":58},[44,57941,50620],{"class":3034},[20,57943,1859,57944,1863],{},[15,57945,1491],{},[20,57947,28429,57948,57950,57951,86],{},[15,57949,57202],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,57952,57953],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,57955,57956,57957,86],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,57958,57959],{},"str.count()",[693,57961,1129,57963,7833,57965,188,57967],{"id":57962},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,57964,56659],{},[15,57966,987],{},[15,57968,3045],{},[20,57970,57971,57973],{},[15,57972,56659],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,57975,57977],{"className":37,"code":57976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,57978,57979,58003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57980,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57982,51],{"class":50},[44,57984,55],{"class":54},[44,57986,2992],{"class":58},[44,57988,63],{"class":62},[44,57990,66],{"class":58},[44,57992,69],{"class":62},[44,57994,66],{"class":58},[44,57996,69],{"class":62},[44,57998,66],{"class":58},[44,58000,74],{"class":62},[44,58002,3005],{"class":58},[44,58004,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58006,106],{"class":105},[44,58008,93],{"class":58},[44,58010,83],{"class":89},[44,58012,86],{"class":58},[44,58014,40628],{"class":89},[44,58016,93],{"class":58},[44,58018,472],{"class":62},[44,58020,4737],{"class":58},[44,58022,50788],{"class":3034},[20,58024,58025],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58027,58029],{"className":37,"code":58028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58030,58031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58032,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58034,106],{"class":105},[44,58036,93],{"class":58},[44,58038,472],{"class":62},[44,58040,20540],{"class":3246},[44,58042,3635],{"class":89},[44,58044,3031],{"class":58},[44,58046,3035],{"class":3034},[693,58048,58050],{"id":58049},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58052,58054],{"className":37,"code":58053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58055,58056,58089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58057,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58085,58087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58059,4368],{"class":50},[44,58061,55],{"class":54},[44,58063,2992],{"class":58},[44,58065,279],{"class":278},[44,58067,7055],{"class":282},[44,58069,279],{"class":278},[44,58071,66],{"class":58},[44,58073,290],{"class":278},[44,58075,19584],{"class":282},[44,58077,279],{"class":278},[44,58079,66],{"class":58},[44,58081,290],{"class":278},[44,58083,58084],{"class":282},"SAM",[44,58086,279],{"class":278},[44,58088,3005],{"class":58},[44,58090,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58092,106],{"class":105},[44,58094,93],{"class":58},[44,58096,4412],{"class":89},[44,58098,86],{"class":58},[44,58100,40628],{"class":89},[44,58102,93],{"class":58},[44,58104,279],{"class":278},[44,58106,19584],{"class":282},[44,58108,279],{"class":278},[44,58110,4737],{"class":58},[44,58112,27147],{"class":3034},[20,58114,58115,58116,58119],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58117,58118],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[693,58121,29018,58123,32914],{"id":58122},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58124,56659],{},[20,58126,58127],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,58129,58131],{"className":37,"code":58130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58132,58133,58143,58157,58175,58189,58201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58134,58135,58137,58139,58141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58136,106],{"class":105},[44,58138,93],{"class":58},[44,58140,7717],{"class":89},[44,58142,99],{"class":58},[44,58144,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58146,106],{"class":105},[44,58148,93],{"class":58},[44,58150,1090],{"class":909},[44,58152,93],{"class":58},[44,58154,7717],{"class":89},[44,58156,973],{"class":58},[44,58158,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58160,106],{"class":105},[44,58162,93],{"class":58},[44,58164,7717],{"class":89},[44,58166,86],{"class":58},[44,58168,40628],{"class":89},[44,58170,93],{"class":58},[44,58172,1188],{"class":89},[44,58174,973],{"class":58},[44,58176,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,58178,106],{"class":105},[44,58180,93],{"class":58},[44,58182,1819],{"class":89},[44,58184,3253],{"class":3246},[44,58186,7774],{"class":89},[44,58188,99],{"class":58},[44,58190,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,58192,5334],{"class":3246},[44,58194,5337],{"class":50},[44,58196,3253],{"class":3246},[44,58198,7774],{"class":50},[44,58200,5770],{"class":58},[44,58202,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,58204,7447],{"class":105},[44,58206,93],{"class":58},[44,58208,41148],{"class":105},[44,58210,93],{"class":58},[44,58212,215],{"class":89},[44,58214,973],{"class":58},[20,58216,58217],{},"These checks can help you see:",[165,58219,58220,58223,58226],{},[168,58221,58222],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[168,58224,58225],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[168,58227,58228],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58230,58231],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[165,58233,58234,58239,58242,58249],{},[168,58235,49864,58236,58238],{},[15,58237,56659],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[168,58240,58241],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[168,58243,10482,58244,58246,58247],{},[15,58245,56664],{}," with string ",[15,58248,56659],{},[168,58250,58251],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,58253,1235],{"id":1234},[693,58255,1239,58257,58259],{"id":58256},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58258,56664],{}," change the list?",[20,58261,58262],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[693,58264,58266],{"id":58265},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58268,11283,58269,86],{},[15,58270,1491],{},[693,58272,4544,58274,58276],{"id":58273},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58275,56664],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58278,58279],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[693,58281,14274,58283,58285],{"id":58282},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58284,56664],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58287,41521,58288,3766,58290,58292],{},[15,58289,57205],{},[15,58291,57202],{}," are different values.",[693,58294,4532,58296,58298,58299,1863],{"id":58295},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58297,987],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58300,63],{},[20,58302,8163,58303,58305,58306,3766,58308,58305,58310,86],{},[15,58304,987],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58307,63],{},[15,58309,3045],{},[15,58311,1491],{},[30,58313,1279],{"id":1278},[165,58315,58316,58320,58326,58330,58338,58345],{},[168,58317,58318],{},[184,58319,52143],{"href":50352},[168,58321,58322],{},[184,58323,58325],{"href":58324},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[168,58327,58328],{},[184,58329,6312],{"href":5574},[168,58331,58332],{},[184,58333,54891,58335,718],{"href":58334},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58336,58337],{},"index()",[168,58339,58340],{},[184,58341,2945,58343],{"href":58342},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58344,41730],{},[168,58346,58347],{},[184,58348,58349],{"href":57863},"What is a list in Python",[1304,58351,58352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":58354},[58355,58356,58358,58359,58360,58366,58372,58374,58382,58393],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":56756,"depth":80,"text":58357},"What list.count() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":37387,"depth":80,"text":37388},{"id":57078,"depth":80,"text":57079,"children":58361},[58362,58363,58365],{"id":57110,"depth":102,"text":57111},{"id":57209,"depth":102,"text":58364},"1 and True can match",{"id":57308,"depth":102,"text":57309},{"id":57386,"depth":80,"text":57387,"children":58367},[58368,58369,58370,58371],{"id":57390,"depth":102,"text":57391},{"id":57469,"depth":102,"text":57470},{"id":57566,"depth":102,"text":57567},{"id":57641,"depth":102,"text":57642},{"id":57742,"depth":80,"text":58373},"When to use count()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":58375},[58376,58377,58379,58380],{"id":57873,"depth":102,"text":57874},{"id":57962,"depth":102,"text":58378},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58049,"depth":102,"text":58050},{"id":58122,"depth":102,"text":58381},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":58383},[58384,58386,58387,58389,58391],{"id":58256,"depth":102,"text":58385},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58265,"depth":102,"text":58266},{"id":58273,"depth":102,"text":58388},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58282,"depth":102,"text":58390},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58295,"depth":102,"text":58392},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56651,"description":58394},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58401,"title":58402,"body":58403,"description":60365,"extension":1334,"meta":60366,"navigation":322,"path":60367,"seo":60368,"stem":60369,"__hash__":60370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58404,"toc":60328},[58405,58408,58411,58413,58541,58545,58626,58637,58639,58658,58662,58665,58668,58686,58688,58731,58735,58760,58769,58773,58778,58781,58898,58902,58971,58975,58987,58991,58994,59035,59039,59052,59055,59140,59144,59177,59184,59190,59195,59197,59209,59213,59246,59250,59282,59286,59323,59327,59347,59351,59385,59389,59418,59429,59433,59436,59439,59452,59509,59513,59552,59558,59561,59563,59566,59570,59573,59598,59600,59625,59632,59635,59680,59684,59703,59706,59745,59752,59757,59791,59795,59895,59902,59935,59939,59965,59969,59972,60010,60013,60050,60054,60057,60076,60080,60141,60143,60161,60165,60168,60171,60200,60202,60206,60209,60217,60221,60224,60244,60250,60256,60260,60263,60270,60278,60280,60319,60325],[10,58406,58402],{"id":58407},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58409,58410],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,58412,2978],{"id":2977},[35,58414,58416],{"className":37,"code":58415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58417,58418,58438,58470,58478,58496,58500,58510,58520,58531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58419,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58421,51],{"class":50},[44,58423,55],{"class":54},[44,58425,2992],{"class":58},[44,58427,63],{"class":62},[44,58429,66],{"class":58},[44,58431,69],{"class":62},[44,58433,66],{"class":58},[44,58435,74],{"class":62},[44,58437,3005],{"class":58},[44,58439,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58441,4368],{"class":50},[44,58443,55],{"class":54},[44,58445,2992],{"class":58},[44,58447,279],{"class":278},[44,58449,12253],{"class":282},[44,58451,279],{"class":278},[44,58453,66],{"class":58},[44,58455,290],{"class":278},[44,58457,35309],{"class":282},[44,58459,279],{"class":278},[44,58461,66],{"class":58},[44,58463,290],{"class":278},[44,58465,35318],{"class":282},[44,58467,279],{"class":278},[44,58469,3005],{"class":58},[44,58471,58472,58474,58476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58473,55301],{"class":50},[44,58475,55],{"class":54},[44,58477,7216],{"class":58},[44,58479,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,58481,546],{"class":50},[44,58483,55],{"class":54},[44,58485,21927],{"class":909},[44,58487,93],{"class":58},[44,58489,279],{"class":278},[44,58491,40929],{"class":282},[44,58493,279],{"class":278},[44,58495,99],{"class":58},[44,58497,58498],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,58499,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,58501,58502,58504,58506,58508],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,58503,106],{"class":105},[44,58505,93],{"class":58},[44,58507,83],{"class":89},[44,58509,99],{"class":58},[44,58511,58512,58514,58516,58518],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,58513,106],{"class":105},[44,58515,93],{"class":58},[44,58517,4412],{"class":89},[44,58519,99],{"class":58},[44,58521,58522,58524,58526,58529],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,58523,106],{"class":105},[44,58525,93],{"class":58},[44,58527,58528],{"class":89},"empty_list",[44,58530,99],{"class":58},[44,58532,58533,58535,58537,58539],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,58534,106],{"class":105},[44,58536,93],{"class":58},[44,58538,572],{"class":89},[44,58540,99],{"class":58},[20,58542,58543],{},[116,58544,118],{},[35,58546,58548],{"className":37,"code":58547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58549,58550,58566,58594,58598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58551,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58553,3270],{"class":58},[44,58555,63],{"class":62},[44,58557,66],{"class":58},[44,58559,69],{"class":62},[44,58561,66],{"class":58},[44,58563,74],{"class":62},[44,58565,3005],{"class":58},[44,58567,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58569,3270],{"class":58},[44,58571,351],{"class":278},[44,58573,12253],{"class":282},[44,58575,351],{"class":278},[44,58577,66],{"class":58},[44,58579,360],{"class":278},[44,58581,35309],{"class":282},[44,58583,351],{"class":278},[44,58585,66],{"class":58},[44,58587,360],{"class":278},[44,58589,35318],{"class":282},[44,58591,351],{"class":278},[44,58593,3005],{"class":58},[44,58595,58596],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58597,37665],{"class":58},[44,58599,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,58601,3270],{"class":58},[44,58603,351],{"class":278},[44,58605,184],{"class":282},[44,58607,351],{"class":278},[44,58609,66],{"class":58},[44,58611,360],{"class":278},[44,58613,563],{"class":282},[44,58615,351],{"class":278},[44,58617,66],{"class":58},[44,58619,360],{"class":278},[44,58621,583],{"class":282},[44,58623,351],{"class":278},[44,58625,3005],{"class":58},[20,58627,58628,58629,58631,58632,58634,58635,86],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58630,3157],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58633,24147],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58636,35565],{},[30,58638,14533],{"id":14532},[165,58640,58641,58644,58647,58650,58655],{},[168,58642,58643],{},"What a list is in Python",[168,58645,58646],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[168,58648,58649],{},"How to create an empty list",[168,58651,58652,58653,1676],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58654,24147],{},[168,58656,58657],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,58659,58661],{"id":58660},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58663,58664],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58666,58667],{},"This means:",[165,58669,58670,58673,58676,58679],{},[168,58671,58672],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[168,58674,58675],{},"The order of items is kept",[168,58677,58678],{},"A list can hold different data types",[168,58680,58681,58682,58685],{},"A list is ",[116,58683,58684],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58687,894],{},[35,58689,58691],{"className":37,"code":58690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58692,58693,58717,58721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58694,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58696,904],{"class":50},[44,58698,55],{"class":54},[44,58700,2992],{"class":58},[44,58702,279],{"class":278},[44,58704,3450],{"class":282},[44,58706,279],{"class":278},[44,58708,66],{"class":58},[44,58710,5381],{"class":62},[44,58712,66],{"class":58},[44,58714,3286],{"class":871},[44,58716,3005],{"class":58},[44,58718,58719],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58720,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,58722,58723,58725,58727,58729],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58724,106],{"class":105},[44,58726,93],{"class":58},[44,58728,922],{"class":89},[44,58730,99],{"class":58},[20,58732,58733],{},[116,58734,118],{},[35,58736,58738],{"className":37,"code":58737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58739,58740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58741,58742,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58743,3270],{"class":58},[44,58745,351],{"class":278},[44,58747,3450],{"class":282},[44,58749,351],{"class":278},[44,58751,66],{"class":58},[44,58753,5381],{"class":62},[44,58755,66],{"class":58},[44,58757,3286],{"class":871},[44,58759,3005],{"class":58},[20,58761,58762,58763,188,58766,86],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[184,58764,58765],{"href":50352},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[184,58767,58768],{"href":57863},"What is a List in Python?",[30,58770,58772],{"id":58771},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58774,58628,58775,58777],{},[15,58776,3157],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58779,58780],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,58782,58784],{"className":37,"code":58783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58785,58786,58806,58838,58863,58867,58877,58887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58787,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58789,51],{"class":50},[44,58791,55],{"class":54},[44,58793,2992],{"class":58},[44,58795,63],{"class":62},[44,58797,66],{"class":58},[44,58799,69],{"class":62},[44,58801,66],{"class":58},[44,58803,74],{"class":62},[44,58805,3005],{"class":58},[44,58807,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58809,4368],{"class":50},[44,58811,55],{"class":54},[44,58813,2992],{"class":58},[44,58815,279],{"class":278},[44,58817,12253],{"class":282},[44,58819,279],{"class":278},[44,58821,66],{"class":58},[44,58823,290],{"class":278},[44,58825,35309],{"class":282},[44,58827,279],{"class":278},[44,58829,66],{"class":58},[44,58831,290],{"class":278},[44,58833,35318],{"class":282},[44,58835,279],{"class":278},[44,58837,3005],{"class":58},[44,58839,58840,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58841,58842],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,58844,55],{"class":54},[44,58846,2992],{"class":58},[44,58848,931],{"class":62},[44,58850,66],{"class":58},[44,58852,290],{"class":278},[44,58854,948],{"class":282},[44,58856,279],{"class":278},[44,58858,66],{"class":58},[44,58860,3277],{"class":871},[44,58862,3005],{"class":58},[44,58864,58865],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,58866,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,58868,58869,58871,58873,58875],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,58870,106],{"class":105},[44,58872,93],{"class":58},[44,58874,83],{"class":89},[44,58876,99],{"class":58},[44,58878,58879,58881,58883,58885],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,58880,106],{"class":105},[44,58882,93],{"class":58},[44,58884,4412],{"class":89},[44,58886,99],{"class":58},[44,58888,58889,58891,58893,58896],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,58890,106],{"class":105},[44,58892,93],{"class":58},[44,58894,58895],{"class":89},"mixed",[44,58897,99],{"class":58},[20,58899,58900],{},[116,58901,118],{},[35,58903,58905],{"className":37,"code":58904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,58906,58907,58923,58951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58908,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58910,3270],{"class":58},[44,58912,63],{"class":62},[44,58914,66],{"class":58},[44,58916,69],{"class":62},[44,58918,66],{"class":58},[44,58920,74],{"class":62},[44,58922,3005],{"class":58},[44,58924,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,58926,3270],{"class":58},[44,58928,351],{"class":278},[44,58930,12253],{"class":282},[44,58932,351],{"class":278},[44,58934,66],{"class":58},[44,58936,360],{"class":278},[44,58938,35309],{"class":282},[44,58940,351],{"class":278},[44,58942,66],{"class":58},[44,58944,360],{"class":278},[44,58946,35318],{"class":282},[44,58948,351],{"class":278},[44,58950,3005],{"class":58},[44,58952,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58954,3270],{"class":58},[44,58956,931],{"class":62},[44,58958,66],{"class":58},[44,58960,360],{"class":278},[44,58962,948],{"class":282},[44,58964,351],{"class":278},[44,58966,66],{"class":58},[44,58968,3277],{"class":871},[44,58970,3005],{"class":58},[693,58972,58974],{"id":58973},"key-points","Key points",[165,58976,58977,58982,58984],{},[168,58978,148,58979,58981],{},[15,58980,3157],{}," to make a new list",[168,58983,14803],{},[168,58985,58986],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,58988,58990],{"id":58989},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,58992,58993],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,58995,58997],{"className":37,"code":58996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,58998,58999,59007,59011,59021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59000,59001,59003,59005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59002,7686],{"class":50},[44,59004,55],{"class":54},[44,59006,7216],{"class":58},[44,59008,59009],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59010,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,59012,59013,59015,59017,59019],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59014,106],{"class":105},[44,59016,93],{"class":58},[44,59018,7717],{"class":89},[44,59020,99],{"class":58},[44,59022,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,59024,106],{"class":105},[44,59026,93],{"class":58},[44,59028,10537],{"class":105},[44,59030,93],{"class":58},[44,59032,7717],{"class":89},[44,59034,973],{"class":58},[20,59036,59037],{},[116,59038,118],{},[35,59040,59042],{"className":37,"code":59041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59043,59044,59048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59045,59046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59047,37665],{"class":58},[44,59049,59050],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59051,46623],{"class":62},[20,59053,59054],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59056,59058],{"className":37,"code":59057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59059,59060,59068,59072,59090,59108,59126,59130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59061,59062,59064,59066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59063,4368],{"class":50},[44,59065,55],{"class":54},[44,59067,7216],{"class":58},[44,59069,59070],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59071,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,59073,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082,59084,59086,59088],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59075,4412],{"class":50},[44,59077,86],{"class":58},[44,59079,12924],{"class":89},[44,59081,93],{"class":58},[44,59083,279],{"class":278},[44,59085,12253],{"class":282},[44,59087,279],{"class":278},[44,59089,99],{"class":58},[44,59091,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,59093,4412],{"class":50},[44,59095,86],{"class":58},[44,59097,12924],{"class":89},[44,59099,93],{"class":58},[44,59101,279],{"class":278},[44,59103,35309],{"class":282},[44,59105,279],{"class":278},[44,59107,99],{"class":58},[44,59109,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,59111,4412],{"class":50},[44,59113,86],{"class":58},[44,59115,12924],{"class":89},[44,59117,93],{"class":58},[44,59119,279],{"class":278},[44,59121,35318],{"class":282},[44,59123,279],{"class":278},[44,59125,99],{"class":58},[44,59127,59128],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,59129,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,59131,59132,59134,59136,59138],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,59133,106],{"class":105},[44,59135,93],{"class":58},[44,59137,4412],{"class":89},[44,59139,99],{"class":58},[20,59141,59142],{},[116,59143,118],{},[35,59145,59147],{"className":37,"code":59146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59148,59149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59150,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169,59171,59173,59175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59152,3270],{"class":58},[44,59154,351],{"class":278},[44,59156,12253],{"class":282},[44,59158,351],{"class":278},[44,59160,66],{"class":58},[44,59162,360],{"class":278},[44,59164,35309],{"class":282},[44,59166,351],{"class":278},[44,59168,66],{"class":58},[44,59170,360],{"class":278},[44,59172,35318],{"class":282},[44,59174,351],{"class":278},[44,59176,3005],{"class":58},[20,59178,59179,59180,86],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[184,59181,59182,718],{"href":56137},[15,59183,1144],{},[30,59185,59187,59188],{"id":59186},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59189,24147],{},[20,59191,148,59192,59194],{},[15,59193,24147],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59196,4833],{},[165,59198,59199,59201,59203,59205],{},[168,59200,4684],{},[168,59202,4678],{},[168,59204,4681],{},[168,59206,59207],{},[15,59208,35565],{},[693,59210,59212],{"id":59211},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,59214,59216],{"className":37,"code":59215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59217,59218,59236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59219,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230,59232,59234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59221,546],{"class":50},[44,59223,55],{"class":54},[44,59225,21927],{"class":909},[44,59227,93],{"class":58},[44,59229,279],{"class":278},[44,59231,40929],{"class":282},[44,59233,279],{"class":278},[44,59235,99],{"class":58},[44,59237,59238,59240,59242,59244],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59239,106],{"class":105},[44,59241,93],{"class":58},[44,59243,572],{"class":89},[44,59245,99],{"class":58},[20,59247,59248],{},[116,59249,118],{},[35,59251,59252],{"className":37,"code":42245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59253,59254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59255,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59257,3270],{"class":58},[44,59259,351],{"class":278},[44,59261,184],{"class":282},[44,59263,351],{"class":278},[44,59265,66],{"class":58},[44,59267,360],{"class":278},[44,59269,563],{"class":282},[44,59271,351],{"class":278},[44,59273,66],{"class":58},[44,59275,360],{"class":278},[44,59277,583],{"class":282},[44,59279,351],{"class":278},[44,59281,3005],{"class":58},[693,59283,59285],{"id":59284},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,59287,59289],{"className":37,"code":59288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59290,59291,59313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59292,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59294,51],{"class":50},[44,59296,55],{"class":54},[44,59298,21927],{"class":909},[44,59300,964],{"class":58},[44,59302,63],{"class":62},[44,59304,66],{"class":58},[44,59306,69],{"class":62},[44,59308,66],{"class":58},[44,59310,74],{"class":62},[44,59312,973],{"class":58},[44,59314,59315,59317,59319,59321],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59316,106],{"class":105},[44,59318,93],{"class":58},[44,59320,83],{"class":89},[44,59322,99],{"class":58},[20,59324,59325],{},[116,59326,118],{},[35,59328,59329],{"className":37,"code":54521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59330,59331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59332,59333,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59334,3270],{"class":58},[44,59336,63],{"class":62},[44,59338,66],{"class":58},[44,59340,69],{"class":62},[44,59342,66],{"class":58},[44,59344,74],{"class":62},[44,59346,3005],{"class":58},[693,59348,59350],{"id":59349},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,59352,59354],{"className":37,"code":59353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59355,59356,59375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59357,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59369,59371,59373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59359,3193],{"class":50},[44,59361,55],{"class":54},[44,59363,21927],{"class":909},[44,59365,93],{"class":58},[44,59367,59368],{"class":105},"range",[44,59370,93],{"class":58},[44,59372,1508],{"class":62},[44,59374,973],{"class":58},[44,59376,59377,59379,59381,59383],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59378,106],{"class":105},[44,59380,93],{"class":58},[44,59382,4734],{"class":89},[44,59384,99],{"class":58},[20,59386,59387],{},[116,59388,118],{},[35,59390,59392],{"className":37,"code":59391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59393,59394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59395,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412,59414,59416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59397,3270],{"class":58},[44,59399,1491],{"class":62},[44,59401,66],{"class":58},[44,59403,4874],{"class":62},[44,59405,66],{"class":58},[44,59407,69],{"class":62},[44,59409,66],{"class":58},[44,59411,74],{"class":62},[44,59413,66],{"class":58},[44,59415,143],{"class":62},[44,59417,3005],{"class":58},[20,59419,59420,59422,59423,86],{},[15,59421,24147],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[184,59424,59426,59428],{"href":59425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59427,24147],{},": Function Explained",[30,59430,59432],{"id":59431},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59434,59435],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59437,59438],{},"Examples include:",[165,59440,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449],{},[168,59442,4684],{},[168,59444,39793],{},[168,59446,51419],{},[168,59448,39963],{},[168,59450,59451],{},"other lists",[35,59453,59455],{"className":37,"code":59454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59456,59457,59495,59499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59458,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59460,8544],{"class":50},[44,59462,55],{"class":54},[44,59464,2992],{"class":58},[44,59466,279],{"class":278},[44,59468,12253],{"class":282},[44,59470,279],{"class":278},[44,59472,66],{"class":58},[44,59474,8684],{"class":62},[44,59476,66],{"class":58},[44,59478,3286],{"class":871},[44,59480,66],{"class":58},[44,59482,2992],{"class":58},[44,59484,63],{"class":62},[44,59486,66],{"class":58},[44,59488,69],{"class":62},[44,59490,66],{"class":58},[44,59492,74],{"class":62},[44,59494,52613],{"class":58},[44,59496,59497],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59498,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,59500,59501,59503,59505,59507],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59502,106],{"class":105},[44,59504,93],{"class":58},[44,59506,8583],{"class":89},[44,59508,99],{"class":58},[20,59510,59511],{},[116,59512,118],{},[35,59514,59516],{"className":37,"code":59515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59517,59518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59519,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59521,3270],{"class":58},[44,59523,351],{"class":278},[44,59525,12253],{"class":282},[44,59527,351],{"class":278},[44,59529,66],{"class":58},[44,59531,8684],{"class":62},[44,59533,66],{"class":58},[44,59535,3286],{"class":871},[44,59537,66],{"class":58},[44,59539,2992],{"class":58},[44,59541,63],{"class":62},[44,59543,66],{"class":58},[44,59545,69],{"class":62},[44,59547,66],{"class":58},[44,59549,74],{"class":62},[44,59551,52613],{"class":58},[20,59553,59554,59555,86],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[116,59556,59557],{},"nested list",[20,59559,59560],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,59562,3892],{"id":3891},[20,59564,59565],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[693,59567,59569],{"id":59568},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59571,59572],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,59574,59576],{"className":37,"code":59575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59577,59578,59582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59579,59580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59581,3909],{"class":3034},[44,59583,59584,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59585,51],{"class":50},[44,59587,55],{"class":54},[44,59589,2992],{"class":58},[44,59591,63],{"class":62},[44,59593,69],{"class":62},[44,59595,74],{"class":62},[44,59597,3005],{"class":58},[20,59599,10183],{},[35,59601,59603],{"className":37,"code":59602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59604,59605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59606,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59608,51],{"class":50},[44,59610,55],{"class":54},[44,59612,2992],{"class":58},[44,59614,63],{"class":62},[44,59616,66],{"class":58},[44,59618,69],{"class":62},[44,59620,66],{"class":58},[44,59622,74],{"class":62},[44,59624,3005],{"class":58},[693,59626,1123,59628,1264,59630],{"id":59627},"using-instead-of",[15,59629,6743],{},[15,59631,3157],{},[20,59633,59634],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,59636,59638],{"className":37,"code":59637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59639,59640,59661,59665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59641,59642,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655,59657,59659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59643,59644],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,59646,55],{"class":54},[44,59648,8615],{"class":58},[44,59650,63],{"class":62},[44,59652,66],{"class":58},[44,59654,69],{"class":62},[44,59656,66],{"class":58},[44,59658,74],{"class":62},[44,59660,99],{"class":58},[44,59662,59663],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59664,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,59666,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59678],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59668,106],{"class":105},[44,59670,93],{"class":58},[44,59672,1090],{"class":909},[44,59674,93],{"class":58},[44,59676,59677],{"class":89},"my_values",[44,59679,973],{"class":58},[20,59681,59682],{},[116,59683,118],{},[35,59685,59687],{"className":37,"code":59686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59688,59689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59690,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59692,2659],{"class":54},[44,59694,2662],{"class":1436},[44,59696,360],{"class":278},[44,59698,48325],{"class":282},[44,59700,351],{"class":278},[44,59702,2671],{"class":54},[20,59704,59705],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,59707,59709],{"className":37,"code":59708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59710,59711,59731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59712,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59714,59644],{"class":50},[44,59716,55],{"class":54},[44,59718,2992],{"class":58},[44,59720,63],{"class":62},[44,59722,66],{"class":58},[44,59724,69],{"class":62},[44,59726,66],{"class":58},[44,59728,74],{"class":62},[44,59730,3005],{"class":58},[44,59732,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59734,106],{"class":105},[44,59736,93],{"class":58},[44,59738,1090],{"class":909},[44,59740,93],{"class":58},[44,59742,59677],{"class":89},[44,59744,973],{"class":58},[693,59746,1129,59748,59751],{"id":59747},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59749,59750],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59753,59754,59756],{},[15,59755,24147],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,59758,59760],{"className":37,"code":59759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59761,59762,59781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59763,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772,59774,59777,59779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59765,1602],{"class":50},[44,59767,55],{"class":54},[44,59769,21927],{"class":909},[44,59771,93],{"class":58},[44,59773,279],{"class":278},[44,59775,59776],{"class":282},"hello world",[44,59778,279],{"class":278},[44,59780,99],{"class":58},[44,59782,59783,59785,59787,59789],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59784,106],{"class":105},[44,59786,93],{"class":58},[44,59788,1637],{"class":89},[44,59790,99],{"class":58},[20,59792,59793],{},[116,59794,118],{},[35,59796,59798],{"className":37,"code":59797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59799,59800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59801,59802,59804,59806,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59858,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889,59891,59893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59803,3270],{"class":58},[44,59805,351],{"class":278},[44,59807,59808],{"class":282},"h",[44,59810,351],{"class":278},[44,59812,66],{"class":58},[44,59814,360],{"class":278},[44,59816,672],{"class":282},[44,59818,351],{"class":278},[44,59820,66],{"class":58},[44,59822,360],{"class":278},[44,59824,59825],{"class":282},"l",[44,59827,351],{"class":278},[44,59829,66],{"class":58},[44,59831,360],{"class":278},[44,59833,59825],{"class":282},[44,59835,351],{"class":278},[44,59837,66],{"class":58},[44,59839,360],{"class":278},[44,59841,59842],{"class":282},"o",[44,59844,351],{"class":278},[44,59846,66],{"class":58},[44,59848,360],{"class":278},[44,59850,360],{"class":278},[44,59852,66],{"class":58},[44,59854,360],{"class":278},[44,59856,59857],{"class":282},"w",[44,59859,351],{"class":278},[44,59861,66],{"class":58},[44,59863,360],{"class":278},[44,59865,59842],{"class":282},[44,59867,351],{"class":278},[44,59869,66],{"class":58},[44,59871,360],{"class":278},[44,59873,59874],{"class":282},"r",[44,59876,351],{"class":278},[44,59878,66],{"class":58},[44,59880,360],{"class":278},[44,59882,59825],{"class":282},[44,59884,351],{"class":278},[44,59886,66],{"class":58},[44,59888,360],{"class":278},[44,59890,663],{"class":282},[44,59892,351],{"class":278},[44,59894,3005],{"class":58},[20,59896,59897,59898,59901],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,59899,59900],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,59903,59905],{"className":37,"code":59904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,59906,59907,59925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59908,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59910,3441],{"class":50},[44,59912,55],{"class":54},[44,59914,290],{"class":278},[44,59916,59776],{"class":282},[44,59918,279],{"class":278},[44,59920,86],{"class":58},[44,59922,33835],{"class":89},[44,59924,913],{"class":58},[44,59926,59927,59929,59931,59933],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59928,106],{"class":105},[44,59930,93],{"class":58},[44,59932,3485],{"class":89},[44,59934,99],{"class":58},[20,59936,59937],{},[116,59938,118],{},[35,59940,59942],{"className":37,"code":59941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,59943,59944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59945,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59961,59963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59947,3270],{"class":58},[44,59949,351],{"class":278},[44,59951,948],{"class":282},[44,59953,351],{"class":278},[44,59955,66],{"class":58},[44,59957,360],{"class":278},[44,59959,59960],{"class":282},"world",[44,59962,351],{"class":278},[44,59964,3005],{"class":58},[693,59966,59968],{"id":59967},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,59970,59971],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,59973,59975],{"className":37,"code":59974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,59976,59977,59981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59978,59979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59980,3909],{"class":3034},[44,59982,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60002,60004,60006,60008],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,59984,4368],{"class":50},[44,59986,55],{"class":54},[44,59988,2992],{"class":58},[44,59990,279],{"class":278},[44,59992,12253],{"class":282},[44,59994,279],{"class":278},[44,59996,66],{"class":58},[44,59998,290],{"class":278},[44,60000,60001],{"class":282},"Ben', ",[44,60003,279],{"class":278},[44,60005,35318],{"class":50},[44,60007,279],{"class":278},[44,60009,3005],{"class":282},[20,60011,60012],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60014,60016],{"className":37,"code":60015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60017,60018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60019,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60021,4368],{"class":50},[44,60023,55],{"class":54},[44,60025,2992],{"class":58},[44,60027,279],{"class":278},[44,60029,12253],{"class":282},[44,60031,279],{"class":278},[44,60033,66],{"class":58},[44,60035,290],{"class":278},[44,60037,35309],{"class":282},[44,60039,279],{"class":278},[44,60041,66],{"class":58},[44,60043,290],{"class":278},[44,60045,35318],{"class":282},[44,60047,279],{"class":278},[44,60049,3005],{"class":58},[693,60051,60053],{"id":60052},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60055,60056],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[165,60058,60059,60062,60065,60070],{},[168,60060,60061],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[168,60063,60064],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[168,60066,60067,60068],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60069,24147],{},[168,60071,1129,60072,60075],{},[15,60073,60074],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[693,60077,60079],{"id":60078},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,60081,60083],{"className":37,"code":60082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60084,60085,60095,60109,60123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60086,60087,60089,60091,60093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60088,106],{"class":105},[44,60090,93],{"class":58},[44,60092,7717],{"class":89},[44,60094,99],{"class":58},[44,60096,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60098,106],{"class":105},[44,60100,93],{"class":58},[44,60102,1090],{"class":909},[44,60104,93],{"class":58},[44,60106,7717],{"class":89},[44,60108,973],{"class":58},[44,60110,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119,60121],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60112,106],{"class":105},[44,60114,93],{"class":58},[44,60116,10537],{"class":105},[44,60118,93],{"class":58},[44,60120,7717],{"class":89},[44,60122,973],{"class":58},[44,60124,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137,60139],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,60126,106],{"class":105},[44,60128,93],{"class":58},[44,60130,1097],{"class":909},[44,60132,93],{"class":58},[44,60134,59368],{"class":105},[44,60136,93],{"class":58},[44,60138,1508],{"class":62},[44,60140,2282],{"class":58},[20,60142,25375],{},[165,60144,60145,60148,60151,60154],{},[168,60146,60147],{},"what the list contains",[168,60149,60150],{},"whether the value is really a list",[168,60152,60153],{},"how many items it has",[168,60155,25386,60156,60158,60159],{},[15,60157,24147],{}," does with ",[15,60160,35565],{},[30,60162,60164],{"id":60163},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60166,60167],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60169,60170],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[165,60172,60173,60188,60193],{},[168,60174,148,60175,1561,60179,16441,60183,60187],{},[184,60176,60177],{"href":56137},[15,60178,1144],{},[184,60180,60181],{"href":52715},[15,60182,52817],{},[184,60184,60185],{"href":53279},[15,60186,53639],{}," to add items later",[168,60189,148,60190,60192],{},[184,60191,58765],{"href":50352}," for a broader introduction",[168,60194,148,60195,60199],{},[184,60196,60197,59428],{"href":59425},[15,60198,24147],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,60201,1235],{"id":1234},[693,60203,60205],{"id":60204},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60207,60208],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,60210,60211],{"className":37,"code":37665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60212,60213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60214,60215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60216,37665],{"class":58},[693,60218,60220],{"id":60219},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60222,60223],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,60225,60226],{"className":37,"code":54521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60227,60228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60229,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60231,3270],{"class":58},[44,60233,63],{"class":62},[44,60235,66],{"class":58},[44,60237,69],{"class":62},[44,60239,66],{"class":58},[44,60241,74],{"class":62},[44,60243,3005],{"class":58},[693,60245,4516,60247,60249],{"id":60246},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60248,24147],{}," do in Python?",[20,60251,60252,60253,60255],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60254,35565],{},", into a list.",[693,60257,60259],{"id":60258},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60261,60262],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[693,60264,4554,60266,3766,60268,1863],{"id":60265},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60267,3157],{},[15,60269,6743],{},[20,60271,60272,60274,60275,60277],{},[15,60273,3157],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60276,6743],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,60279,1279],{"id":1278},[165,60281,60282,60286,60292,60298,60304,60310,60314],{},[168,60283,60284],{},[184,60285,58765],{"href":50352},[168,60287,60288],{},[184,60289,54891,60290,18],{"href":56137},[15,60291,1144],{},[168,60293,60294],{},[184,60295,54891,60296,18],{"href":52715},[15,60297,52817],{},[168,60299,60300],{},[184,60301,54891,60302,18],{"href":53279},[15,60303,53639],{},[168,60305,60306],{},[184,60307,2945,60308,2949],{"href":59425},[15,60309,24147],{},[168,60311,60312],{},[184,60313,58768],{"href":57863},[168,60315,60316],{},[184,60317,60318],{"href":11437},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60320,60321,60322,60324],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60323,1144],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1304,60326,60327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":60329},[60330,60331,60332,60333,60336,60337,60343,60344,60354,60355,60364],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":14532,"depth":80,"text":14533},{"id":58660,"depth":80,"text":58661},{"id":58771,"depth":80,"text":58772,"children":60334},[60335],{"id":58973,"depth":102,"text":58974},{"id":58989,"depth":80,"text":58990},{"id":59186,"depth":80,"text":60338,"children":60339},"Create a list with list()",[60340,60341,60342],{"id":59211,"depth":102,"text":59212},{"id":59284,"depth":102,"text":59285},{"id":59349,"depth":102,"text":59350},{"id":59431,"depth":80,"text":59432},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":60345},[60346,60347,60349,60351,60352,60353],{"id":59568,"depth":102,"text":59569},{"id":59627,"depth":102,"text":60348},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59747,"depth":102,"text":60350},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":59967,"depth":102,"text":59968},{"id":60052,"depth":102,"text":60053},{"id":60078,"depth":102,"text":60079},{"id":60163,"depth":80,"text":60164},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":60356},[60357,60358,60359,60361,60362],{"id":60204,"depth":102,"text":60205},{"id":60219,"depth":102,"text":60220},{"id":60246,"depth":102,"text":60360},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60258,"depth":102,"text":60259},{"id":60265,"depth":102,"text":60363},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58402,"description":60365},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60372,"title":60373,"body":60374,"description":62114,"extension":1334,"meta":62115,"navigation":322,"path":62116,"seo":62117,"stem":62118,"__hash__":62119},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60375,"toc":62069},[60376,60381,60386,60389,60391,60462,60467,60472,60476,60490,60495,60497,60517,60522,60525,60548,60552,60557,60649,60651,60673,60679,60685,60692,60699,60705,60762,60768,60826,60828,60840,60848,60854,60859,60863,60920,60923,60927,60986,60989,60993,61051,61063,61067,61120,61123,61127,61133,61138,61200,61203,61264,61267,61323,61328,61330,61334,61341,61402,61407,61416,61472,61479,61483,61541,61550,61608,61612,61647,61651,61661,61664,61719,61733,61736,61851,61856,61860,61871,61873,61952,61962,61964,61969,61974,61981,61989,61995,61998,62004,62007,62013,62019,62021,62057,62066],[10,60377,53713,60379,18],{"id":60378},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60380,52817],{},[20,60382,60383,60385],{},[15,60384,52718],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60387,60388],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,60390,33],{"id":32},[35,60392,60394],{"className":37,"code":60393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60395,60396,60412,60429,60433,60448,60458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60397,60398,60400,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60399,51],{"class":50},[44,60401,55],{"class":54},[44,60403,2992],{"class":58},[44,60405,63],{"class":62},[44,60407,66],{"class":58},[44,60409,69],{"class":62},[44,60411,3005],{"class":58},[44,60413,60414,60417,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60415,60416],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,60418,55],{"class":54},[44,60420,2992],{"class":58},[44,60422,1433],{"class":62},[44,60424,66],{"class":58},[44,60426,143],{"class":62},[44,60428,3005],{"class":58},[44,60430,60431],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60432,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,60434,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60446],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,60436,83],{"class":50},[44,60438,86],{"class":58},[44,60440,52847],{"class":89},[44,60442,93],{"class":58},[44,60444,60445],{"class":89},"more_numbers",[44,60447,99],{"class":58},[44,60449,60450,60452,60454,60456],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,60451,106],{"class":105},[44,60453,93],{"class":58},[44,60455,83],{"class":89},[44,60457,99],{"class":58},[44,60459,60460],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,60461,52095],{"class":3034},[20,60463,148,60464,60466],{},[15,60465,52817],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,60468,155,60470,158],{"id":60469},"what-listextend-does",[15,60471,52718],{},[20,60473,60474,1084],{},[15,60475,52817],{},[165,60477,60478,60481,60483,60486],{},[168,60479,60480],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[168,60482,53799],{},[168,60484,60485],{},"Does not create a new list",[168,60487,10799,60488],{},[15,60489,730],{},[20,60491,60492,60493,53172],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60494,52817],{},[30,60496,196],{"id":195},[35,60498,60500],{"className":37,"code":60499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60501,60502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60503,60504,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60505,60506],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,60508,86],{"class":58},[44,60510,52847],{"class":89},[44,60512,93],{"class":58},[44,60514,3091],{"class":89},[44,60516,99],{"class":58},[20,60518,4828,60519,60521],{},[116,60520,3091],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60523,60524],{},"Common iterables include:",[165,60526,60527,60531,60535,60539,60544],{},[168,60528,60529],{},[15,60530,1097],{},[168,60532,60533],{},[15,60534,48325],{},[168,60536,60537],{},[15,60538,1214],{},[168,60540,60541],{},[15,60542,60543],{},"string",[168,60545,60546],{},[15,60547,59368],{},[30,60549,60551],{"id":60550},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60553,60554,60555,1084],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60556,52817],{},[35,60558,60560],{"className":37,"code":60559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60561,60562,60586,60611,60615,60630,60634,60644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60563,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578,60580,60582,60584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60565,35606],{"class":50},[44,60567,55],{"class":54},[44,60569,2992],{"class":58},[44,60571,279],{"class":278},[44,60573,3450],{"class":282},[44,60575,279],{"class":278},[44,60577,66],{"class":58},[44,60579,290],{"class":278},[44,60581,3459],{"class":282},[44,60583,279],{"class":278},[44,60585,3005],{"class":58},[44,60587,60588,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605,60607,60609],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60589,60590],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,60592,55],{"class":54},[44,60594,2992],{"class":58},[44,60596,279],{"class":278},[44,60598,32586],{"class":282},[44,60600,279],{"class":278},[44,60602,66],{"class":58},[44,60604,290],{"class":278},[44,60606,21900],{"class":282},[44,60608,279],{"class":278},[44,60610,3005],{"class":58},[44,60612,60613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60614,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,60616,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625,60628],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,60618,35658],{"class":50},[44,60620,86],{"class":58},[44,60622,52847],{"class":89},[44,60624,93],{"class":58},[44,60626,60627],{"class":89},"more_fruits",[44,60629,99],{"class":58},[44,60631,60632],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,60633,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,60635,60636,60638,60640,60642],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,60637,106],{"class":105},[44,60639,93],{"class":58},[44,60641,35658],{"class":89},[44,60643,99],{"class":58},[44,60645,60646],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,60647,60648],{"class":3034},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60650,11056],{},[165,60652,60653,60658,60663],{},[168,60654,60655,60657],{},[15,60656,35658],{}," starts with two items",[168,60659,60660,60662],{},[15,60661,60627],{}," has two more items",[168,60664,60665,60667,60668,60670,60671],{},[15,60666,52817],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60669,60627],{}," to ",[15,60672,35658],{},[20,60674,60675,60676,60678],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60677,35658],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60680,53938,60681,3766,60683,86],{},[184,60682,52143],{"href":50352},[184,60684,56523],{"href":56522},[30,60686,60688,525,60690],{"id":60687},"extend-vs-append",[15,60689,52817],{},[15,60691,1144],{},[20,60693,60694,3766,60696,60698],{},[15,60695,52817],{},[15,60697,1144],{}," are often confused.",[693,60700,60702,60704],{"id":60701},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60703,52817],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,60706,60708],{"className":37,"code":60707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60709,60710,60726,60744,60748,60758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60711,60712,60714,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60713,51],{"class":50},[44,60715,55],{"class":54},[44,60717,2992],{"class":58},[44,60719,63],{"class":62},[44,60721,66],{"class":58},[44,60723,69],{"class":62},[44,60725,3005],{"class":58},[44,60727,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60729,83],{"class":50},[44,60731,86],{"class":58},[44,60733,52847],{"class":89},[44,60735,650],{"class":58},[44,60737,1433],{"class":62},[44,60739,66],{"class":58},[44,60741,143],{"class":62},[44,60743,677],{"class":58},[44,60745,60746],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60747,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,60749,60750,60752,60754,60756],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,60751,106],{"class":105},[44,60753,93],{"class":58},[44,60755,83],{"class":89},[44,60757,99],{"class":58},[44,60759,60760],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,60761,52095],{"class":3034},[693,60763,60765,60767],{"id":60764},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60766,1144],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,60769,60771],{"className":37,"code":60770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60772,60773,60789,60807,60811,60821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60774,60775,60777,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60776,51],{"class":50},[44,60778,55],{"class":54},[44,60780,2992],{"class":58},[44,60782,63],{"class":62},[44,60784,66],{"class":58},[44,60786,69],{"class":62},[44,60788,3005],{"class":58},[44,60790,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60792,83],{"class":50},[44,60794,86],{"class":58},[44,60796,12924],{"class":89},[44,60798,650],{"class":58},[44,60800,1433],{"class":62},[44,60802,66],{"class":58},[44,60804,143],{"class":62},[44,60806,677],{"class":58},[44,60808,60809],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60810,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,60812,60813,60815,60817,60819],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,60814,106],{"class":105},[44,60816,93],{"class":58},[44,60818,83],{"class":89},[44,60820,99],{"class":58},[44,60822,60823],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,60824,60825],{"class":3034},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60827,18061],{},[165,60829,60830,60835],{},[168,60831,60832,60834],{},[15,60833,52817],{}," to combine values",[168,60836,60837,60839],{},[15,60838,1144],{}," to add one item",[20,60841,41462,60842,3766,60846,86],{},[184,60843,54891,60844,718],{"href":56137},[15,60845,1144],{},[184,60847,1231],{"href":52420},[30,60849,1123,60851,60853],{"id":60850},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60852,52817],{}," with different iterables",[20,60855,60856,60858],{},[15,60857,52817],{}," works with more than just lists.",[693,60860,60862],{"id":60861},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,60864,60866],{"className":37,"code":60865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60867,60868,60884,60902,60906,60916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60869,60870,60872,60874,60876,60878,60880,60882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60871,3193],{"class":50},[44,60873,55],{"class":54},[44,60875,2992],{"class":58},[44,60877,63],{"class":62},[44,60879,66],{"class":58},[44,60881,69],{"class":62},[44,60883,3005],{"class":58},[44,60885,60886,60888,60890,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60887,4734],{"class":50},[44,60889,86],{"class":58},[44,60891,52847],{"class":89},[44,60893,964],{"class":58},[44,60895,1433],{"class":62},[44,60897,66],{"class":58},[44,60899,143],{"class":62},[44,60901,973],{"class":58},[44,60903,60904],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60905,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,60907,60908,60910,60912,60914],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,60909,106],{"class":105},[44,60911,93],{"class":58},[44,60913,4734],{"class":89},[44,60915,99],{"class":58},[44,60917,60918],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,60919,52095],{"class":3034},[20,60921,60922],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[693,60924,60926],{"id":60925},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,60928,60930],{"className":37,"code":60929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60931,60932,60948,60967,60971,60981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60933,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60935,546],{"class":50},[44,60937,55],{"class":54},[44,60939,2992],{"class":58},[44,60941,279],{"class":278},[44,60943,184],{"class":282},[44,60945,279],{"class":278},[44,60947,3005],{"class":58},[44,60949,60950,60952,60954,60956,60958,60960,60963,60965],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,60951,572],{"class":50},[44,60953,86],{"class":58},[44,60955,52847],{"class":89},[44,60957,93],{"class":58},[44,60959,279],{"class":278},[44,60961,60962],{"class":282},"bc",[44,60964,279],{"class":278},[44,60966,99],{"class":58},[44,60968,60969],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60970,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,60972,60973,60975,60977,60979],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,60974,106],{"class":105},[44,60976,93],{"class":58},[44,60978,572],{"class":89},[44,60980,99],{"class":58},[44,60982,60983],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,60984,60985],{"class":3034},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,60987,60988],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[693,60990,60992],{"id":60991},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,60994,60996],{"className":37,"code":60995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60997,60998,61010,61032,61036,61046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60999,61000,61002,61004,61006,61008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61001,51],{"class":50},[44,61003,55],{"class":54},[44,61005,2992],{"class":58},[44,61007,1491],{"class":62},[44,61009,3005],{"class":58},[44,61011,61012,61014,61016,61018,61020,61022,61024,61026,61028,61030],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61013,83],{"class":50},[44,61015,86],{"class":58},[44,61017,52847],{"class":89},[44,61019,93],{"class":58},[44,61021,59368],{"class":105},[44,61023,93],{"class":58},[44,61025,63],{"class":62},[44,61027,66],{"class":58},[44,61029,143],{"class":62},[44,61031,973],{"class":58},[44,61033,61034],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61035,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61037,61038,61040,61042,61044],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61039,106],{"class":105},[44,61041,93],{"class":58},[44,61043,83],{"class":89},[44,61045,99],{"class":58},[44,61047,61048],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61049,61050],{"class":3034},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61052,61053,61056,61057,1561,61059,16441,61061,86],{},[15,61054,61055],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61058,63],{},[15,61060,472],{},[15,61062,1433],{},[693,61064,61066],{"id":61065},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,61068,61070],{"className":37,"code":61069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61071,61072,61088,61106,61110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61073,61074,61076,61078,61080,61082,61084,61086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61075,904],{"class":50},[44,61077,55],{"class":54},[44,61079,2992],{"class":58},[44,61081,63],{"class":62},[44,61083,66],{"class":58},[44,61085,69],{"class":62},[44,61087,3005],{"class":58},[44,61089,61090,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102,61104],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61091,922],{"class":50},[44,61093,86],{"class":58},[44,61095,52847],{"class":89},[44,61097,4905],{"class":58},[44,61099,1433],{"class":62},[44,61101,66],{"class":58},[44,61103,143],{"class":62},[44,61105,29861],{"class":58},[44,61107,61108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61109,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61111,61112,61114,61116,61118],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61113,106],{"class":105},[44,61115,93],{"class":58},[44,61117,922],{"class":89},[44,61119,99],{"class":58},[20,61121,61122],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,61124,61126],{"id":61125},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61128,61129,727,61131,86],{},[15,61130,52817],{},[15,61132,730],{},[20,61134,61135,61136,1084],{},"That means this is ",[116,61137,798],{},[35,61139,61141],{"className":37,"code":61140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61142,61143,61159,61181,61185,61195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61144,61145,61147,61149,61151,61153,61155,61157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61146,51],{"class":50},[44,61148,55],{"class":54},[44,61150,2992],{"class":58},[44,61152,63],{"class":62},[44,61154,66],{"class":58},[44,61156,69],{"class":62},[44,61158,3005],{"class":58},[44,61160,61161,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171,61173,61175,61177,61179],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61162,1602],{"class":50},[44,61164,55],{"class":54},[44,61166,3635],{"class":50},[44,61168,86],{"class":58},[44,61170,52847],{"class":89},[44,61172,650],{"class":58},[44,61174,1433],{"class":62},[44,61176,66],{"class":58},[44,61178,143],{"class":62},[44,61180,677],{"class":58},[44,61182,61183],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61184,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61186,61187,61189,61191,61193],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61188,106],{"class":105},[44,61190,93],{"class":58},[44,61192,1637],{"class":89},[44,61194,99],{"class":58},[44,61196,61197],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61198,61199],{"class":3034},"# None\n",[20,61201,61202],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,61204,61206],{"className":37,"code":61205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61207,61208,61224,61246,61250,61260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61209,61210,61212,61214,61216,61218,61220,61222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61211,51],{"class":50},[44,61213,55],{"class":54},[44,61215,2992],{"class":58},[44,61217,63],{"class":62},[44,61219,66],{"class":58},[44,61221,69],{"class":62},[44,61223,3005],{"class":58},[44,61225,61226,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61240,61242,61244],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61227,51],{"class":50},[44,61229,55],{"class":54},[44,61231,3635],{"class":50},[44,61233,86],{"class":58},[44,61235,52847],{"class":89},[44,61237,650],{"class":58},[44,61239,1433],{"class":62},[44,61241,66],{"class":58},[44,61243,143],{"class":62},[44,61245,677],{"class":58},[44,61247,61248],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61249,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61251,61252,61254,61256,61258],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61253,106],{"class":105},[44,61255,93],{"class":58},[44,61257,83],{"class":89},[44,61259,99],{"class":58},[44,61261,61262],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61263,61199],{"class":3034},[20,61265,61266],{},"The correct way is:",[35,61268,61269],{"className":37,"code":60707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61270,61271,61287,61305,61309,61319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61272,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61274,51],{"class":50},[44,61276,55],{"class":54},[44,61278,2992],{"class":58},[44,61280,63],{"class":62},[44,61282,66],{"class":58},[44,61284,69],{"class":62},[44,61286,3005],{"class":58},[44,61288,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61290,83],{"class":50},[44,61292,86],{"class":58},[44,61294,52847],{"class":89},[44,61296,650],{"class":58},[44,61298,1433],{"class":62},[44,61300,66],{"class":58},[44,61302,143],{"class":62},[44,61304,677],{"class":58},[44,61306,61307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61308,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61310,61311,61313,61315,61317],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61312,106],{"class":105},[44,61314,93],{"class":58},[44,61316,83],{"class":89},[44,61318,99],{"class":58},[44,61320,61321],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61322,52095],{"class":3034},[20,61324,225,61325,61327],{},[15,61326,52817],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,61329,3892],{"id":3891},[20,61331,1116,61332,86],{},[15,61333,52817],{},[693,61335,61337,61338,61340],{"id":61336},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61339,52817],{}," to return a new list",[35,61342,61344],{"className":37,"code":61343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61345,61346,61362,61384,61388,61398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61347,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358,61360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61349,51],{"class":50},[44,61351,55],{"class":54},[44,61353,2992],{"class":58},[44,61355,63],{"class":62},[44,61357,66],{"class":58},[44,61359,69],{"class":62},[44,61361,3005],{"class":58},[44,61363,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380,61382],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61365,55013],{"class":50},[44,61367,55],{"class":54},[44,61369,3635],{"class":50},[44,61371,86],{"class":58},[44,61373,52847],{"class":89},[44,61375,650],{"class":58},[44,61377,1433],{"class":62},[44,61379,66],{"class":58},[44,61381,143],{"class":62},[44,61383,677],{"class":58},[44,61385,61386],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61387,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61389,61390,61392,61394,61396],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61391,106],{"class":105},[44,61393,93],{"class":58},[44,61395,55032],{"class":89},[44,61397,99],{"class":58},[44,61399,61400],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61401,61199],{"class":3034},[20,61403,61404,61405,86],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61406,52817],{},[693,61408,61410,61411,44000,61413,61415],{"id":61409},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61412,1144],{},[15,61414,52817],{}," is needed",[35,61417,61418],{"className":37,"code":60770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61419,61420,61436,61454,61458,61468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61421,61422,61424,61426,61428,61430,61432,61434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61423,51],{"class":50},[44,61425,55],{"class":54},[44,61427,2992],{"class":58},[44,61429,63],{"class":62},[44,61431,66],{"class":58},[44,61433,69],{"class":62},[44,61435,3005],{"class":58},[44,61437,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61439,83],{"class":50},[44,61441,86],{"class":58},[44,61443,12924],{"class":89},[44,61445,650],{"class":58},[44,61447,1433],{"class":62},[44,61449,66],{"class":58},[44,61451,143],{"class":62},[44,61453,677],{"class":58},[44,61455,61456],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61457,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61459,61460,61462,61464,61466],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61461,106],{"class":105},[44,61463,93],{"class":58},[44,61465,83],{"class":89},[44,61467,99],{"class":58},[44,61469,61470],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61471,60825],{"class":3034},[20,61473,61474,61475,53262,61477,6007],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61476,53261],{},[15,61478,52817],{},[693,61480,61482],{"id":61481},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,61484,61486],{"className":37,"code":61485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61487,61488,61504,61522,61526,61536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61489,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61491,3441],{"class":50},[44,61493,55],{"class":54},[44,61495,2992],{"class":58},[44,61497,279],{"class":278},[44,61499,948],{"class":282},[44,61501,279],{"class":278},[44,61503,3005],{"class":58},[44,61505,61506,61508,61510,61512,61514,61516,61518,61520],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61507,3485],{"class":50},[44,61509,86],{"class":58},[44,61511,52847],{"class":89},[44,61513,93],{"class":58},[44,61515,279],{"class":278},[44,61517,59960],{"class":282},[44,61519,279],{"class":278},[44,61521,99],{"class":58},[44,61523,61524],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61525,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61527,61528,61530,61532,61534],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61529,106],{"class":105},[44,61531,93],{"class":58},[44,61533,3485],{"class":89},[44,61535,99],{"class":58},[44,61537,61538],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61539,61540],{"class":3034},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61542,61543,61544,61547,61548,1084],{},"If you want ",[15,61545,61546],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61549,1144],{},[35,61551,61553],{"className":37,"code":61552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61554,61555,61571,61589,61593,61603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61556,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61558,3441],{"class":50},[44,61560,55],{"class":54},[44,61562,2992],{"class":58},[44,61564,279],{"class":278},[44,61566,948],{"class":282},[44,61568,279],{"class":278},[44,61570,3005],{"class":58},[44,61572,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61574,3485],{"class":50},[44,61576,86],{"class":58},[44,61578,12924],{"class":89},[44,61580,93],{"class":58},[44,61582,279],{"class":278},[44,61584,59960],{"class":282},[44,61586,279],{"class":278},[44,61588,99],{"class":58},[44,61590,61591],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61592,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61594,61595,61597,61599,61601],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61596,106],{"class":105},[44,61598,93],{"class":58},[44,61600,3485],{"class":89},[44,61602,99],{"class":58},[44,61604,61605],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61606,61607],{"class":3034},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[693,61609,61611],{"id":61610},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,61613,61615],{"className":37,"code":61614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61616,61617,61633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61618,61619,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61620,51],{"class":50},[44,61622,55],{"class":54},[44,61624,2992],{"class":58},[44,61626,63],{"class":62},[44,61628,66],{"class":58},[44,61630,69],{"class":62},[44,61632,3005],{"class":58},[44,61634,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61636,83],{"class":50},[44,61638,86],{"class":58},[44,61640,52847],{"class":89},[44,61642,93],{"class":58},[44,61644,1508],{"class":62},[44,61646,99],{"class":58},[20,61648,39022,61649,5927],{},[15,61650,1508],{},[20,61652,61653,61654,61656,61657,61660],{},"You will get a ",[15,61655,1081],{},". See ",[184,61658,61659],{"href":51973},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61662,61663],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,61665,61667],{"className":37,"code":61666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61668,61669,61679,61693,61705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61670,61671,61673,61675,61677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61672,106],{"class":105},[44,61674,93],{"class":58},[44,61676,7717],{"class":89},[44,61678,99],{"class":58},[44,61680,61681,61683,61685,61687,61689,61691],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61682,106],{"class":105},[44,61684,93],{"class":58},[44,61686,1090],{"class":909},[44,61688,93],{"class":58},[44,61690,4734],{"class":89},[44,61692,973],{"class":58},[44,61694,61695,61697,61699,61701,61703],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61696,106],{"class":105},[44,61698,93],{"class":58},[44,61700,1637],{"class":89},[44,61702,3031],{"class":58},[44,61704,99],{"class":50},[44,61706,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715,61717],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61708,1209],{"class":105},[44,61710,93],{"class":58},[44,61712,1097],{"class":909},[44,61714,86],{"class":58},[44,61716,52847],{"class":1219},[44,61718,99],{"class":58},[42950,61720,61721],{},[20,61722,61723,61724,61727,61728,61730,61731,86],{},"Note: ",[15,61725,61726],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61729,3031],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61732,32392],{},[20,61734,61735],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,61737,61739],{"className":37,"code":61738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61740,61741,61757,61773,61777,61791,61795,61803,61813,61827,61837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61742,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61744,7686],{"class":50},[44,61746,55],{"class":54},[44,61748,2992],{"class":58},[44,61750,63],{"class":62},[44,61752,66],{"class":58},[44,61754,69],{"class":62},[44,61756,3005],{"class":58},[44,61758,61759,61761,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61760,3193],{"class":50},[44,61762,55],{"class":54},[44,61764,2992],{"class":58},[44,61766,1433],{"class":62},[44,61768,66],{"class":58},[44,61770,143],{"class":62},[44,61772,3005],{"class":58},[44,61774,61775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61776,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61778,61779,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61780,7717],{"class":50},[44,61782,86],{"class":58},[44,61784,52847],{"class":89},[44,61786,93],{"class":58},[44,61788,4734],{"class":89},[44,61790,99],{"class":58},[44,61792,61793],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61794,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61796,61797,61799,61801],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,61798,1602],{"class":50},[44,61800,55],{"class":54},[44,61802,47899],{"class":871},[44,61804,61805,61807,61809,61811],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,61806,106],{"class":105},[44,61808,93],{"class":58},[44,61810,7717],{"class":89},[44,61812,99],{"class":58},[44,61814,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,61816,106],{"class":105},[44,61818,93],{"class":58},[44,61820,1090],{"class":909},[44,61822,93],{"class":58},[44,61824,4734],{"class":89},[44,61826,973],{"class":58},[44,61828,61829,61831,61833,61835],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,61830,106],{"class":105},[44,61832,93],{"class":58},[44,61834,1637],{"class":89},[44,61836,99],{"class":58},[44,61838,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847,61849],{"class":46,"line":5812},[44,61840,1209],{"class":105},[44,61842,93],{"class":58},[44,61844,1097],{"class":909},[44,61846,86],{"class":58},[44,61848,52847],{"class":1219},[44,61850,99],{"class":58},[30,61852,4334,61854],{"id":61853},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61855,52817],{},[20,61857,148,61858,5694],{},[15,61859,52817],{},[165,61861,61862,61865,61868],{},[168,61863,61864],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[168,61866,61867],{},"Add multiple values at once",[168,61869,61870],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,61872,4848],{},[35,61874,61876],{"className":37,"code":61875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,61877,61878,61895,61913,61917,61933,61937,61947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61879,61880,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61881,61882],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,61884,55],{"class":54},[44,61886,2992],{"class":58},[44,61888,12873],{"class":62},[44,61890,66],{"class":58},[44,61892,12878],{"class":62},[44,61894,3005],{"class":58},[44,61896,61897,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908,61911],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,61898,61899],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,61901,55],{"class":54},[44,61903,2992],{"class":58},[44,61905,50878],{"class":62},[44,61907,66],{"class":58},[44,61909,61910],{"class":62}," 92",[44,61912,3005],{"class":58},[44,61914,61915],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61916,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61918,61919,61922,61924,61926,61928,61931],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,61920,61921],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,61923,86],{"class":58},[44,61925,52847],{"class":89},[44,61927,93],{"class":58},[44,61929,61930],{"class":89},"new_scores",[44,61932,99],{"class":58},[44,61934,61935],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61936,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,61938,61939,61941,61943,61945],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,61940,106],{"class":105},[44,61942,93],{"class":58},[44,61944,61921],{"class":89},[44,61946,99],{"class":58},[44,61948,61949],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,61950,61951],{"class":3034},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,61953,61954,61955,61957,61958,86],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,61956,1144],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[184,61959,54891,61960,718],{"href":53279},[15,61961,53639],{},[30,61963,1235],{"id":1234},[693,61965,1239,61967,54840],{"id":61966},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,61968,52718],{},[20,61970,61971,61972,86],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,61973,730],{},[693,61975,4554,61977,3766,61979,1863],{"id":61976},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,61978,52817],{},[15,61980,1144],{},[20,61982,61983,61985,61986,61988],{},[15,61984,52817],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,61987,1144],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[693,61990,27696,61992,61994],{"id":61991},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,61993,52817],{}," with a string?",[20,61996,61997],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[693,61999,27696,62001,62003],{"id":62000},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62002,52817],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62005,62006],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[693,62008,62010,62011,1863],{"id":62009},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62012,52817],{},[20,62014,62015,62016,62018],{},"You get a ",[15,62017,1081],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,62020,1279],{"id":1278},[165,62022,62023,62029,62033,62037,62041,62047,62051],{},[168,62024,62025],{},[184,62026,54891,62027,718],{"href":56137},[15,62028,1144],{},[168,62030,62031],{},[184,62032,53649],{"href":52420},[168,62034,62035],{},[184,62036,56597],{"href":56522},[168,62038,62039],{},[184,62040,52143],{"href":50352},[168,62042,62043],{},[184,62044,54891,62045,718],{"href":53279},[15,62046,53639],{},[168,62048,62049],{},[184,62050,61659],{"href":51973},[168,62052,62053],{},[184,62054,54891,62055,718],{"href":54331},[15,62056,12149],{},[20,62058,62059,62060,62062,62063,62065],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62061,1144],{},", when to use ",[15,62064,53639],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1304,62067,62068],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":62070},[62071,62072,62074,62075,62076,62083,62090,62091,62099,62101,62113],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":60469,"depth":80,"text":62073},"What list.extend() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":60550,"depth":80,"text":60551},{"id":60687,"depth":80,"text":62077,"children":62078},"extend() vs append()",[62079,62081],{"id":60701,"depth":102,"text":62080},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60764,"depth":102,"text":62082},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60850,"depth":80,"text":62084,"children":62085},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62086,62087,62088,62089],{"id":60861,"depth":102,"text":60862},{"id":60925,"depth":102,"text":60926},{"id":60991,"depth":102,"text":60992},{"id":61065,"depth":102,"text":61066},{"id":61125,"depth":80,"text":61126},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":62092},[62093,62095,62097,62098],{"id":61336,"depth":102,"text":62094},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61409,"depth":102,"text":62096},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61481,"depth":102,"text":61482},{"id":61610,"depth":102,"text":61611},{"id":61853,"depth":80,"text":62100},"When to use extend()",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":62102},[62103,62105,62107,62109,62111],{"id":61966,"depth":102,"text":62104},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":61976,"depth":102,"text":62106},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":61991,"depth":102,"text":62108},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62000,"depth":102,"text":62110},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62009,"depth":102,"text":62112},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60373,"description":62114},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62121,"title":62122,"body":62123,"description":64214,"extension":1334,"meta":64215,"navigation":322,"path":64216,"seo":64217,"stem":64218,"__hash__":64219},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62124,"toc":64177},[62125,62128,62133,62139,62150,62156,62158,62227,62229,62278,62286,62290,62295,62298,62309,62314,62316,62318,62339,62352,62355,62368,62370,62375,62400,62402,62410,62413,62482,62484,62508,62514,62518,62522,62558,62560,62580,62587,62591,62624,62626,62660,62665,62669,62702,62704,62732,62740,62744,62781,62783,62804,62807,62811,62880,62882,62906,62912,62919,62923,62926,62928,62942,62945,62969,62971,62996,62999,63018,63020,63046,63055,63059,63066,63143,63145,63186,63192,63198,63289,63291,63347,63350,63355,63359,63364,63368,63427,63429,63454,63458,63521,63523,63548,63552,63615,63617,63660,63663,63667,63671,63693,63697,63779,63781,63816,63824,63826,63830,63834,63836,63863,63868,63870,63897,63904,63907,63930,63932,63981,63984,63987,64006,64010,64013,64064,64067,64073,64077,64082,64085,64087,64093,64102,64106,64112,64116,64119,64123,64126,64130,64136,64138,64174],[10,62126,62122],{"id":62127},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62129,8501,62130,62132],{},[15,62131,24147],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62134,62135,62136,62138],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62137,24147],{}," for two main reasons:",[165,62140,62141,62144],{},[168,62142,62143],{},"to make an empty list",[168,62145,62146,62147,62149],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62148,59368],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62151,62152,62153,62155],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62154,24147],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,62157,33],{"id":32},[35,62159,62161],{"className":37,"code":62160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62162,62163,62185,62203,62207,62217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62164,62165,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175,62177,62179,62181,62183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62166,51],{"class":50},[44,62168,55],{"class":54},[44,62170,21927],{"class":909},[44,62172,964],{"class":58},[44,62174,63],{"class":62},[44,62176,66],{"class":58},[44,62178,69],{"class":62},[44,62180,66],{"class":58},[44,62182,74],{"class":62},[44,62184,973],{"class":58},[44,62186,62187,62189,62191,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62188,546],{"class":50},[44,62190,55],{"class":54},[44,62192,21927],{"class":909},[44,62194,93],{"class":58},[44,62196,279],{"class":278},[44,62198,40929],{"class":282},[44,62200,279],{"class":278},[44,62202,99],{"class":58},[44,62204,62205],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62206,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,62208,62209,62211,62213,62215],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,62210,106],{"class":105},[44,62212,93],{"class":58},[44,62214,83],{"class":89},[44,62216,99],{"class":58},[44,62218,62219,62221,62223,62225],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,62220,106],{"class":105},[44,62222,93],{"class":58},[44,62224,572],{"class":89},[44,62226,99],{"class":58},[20,62228,118],{},[35,62230,62232],{"className":37,"code":62231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62233,62234,62250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62235,62236,62238,62240,62242,62244,62246,62248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62237,3270],{"class":58},[44,62239,63],{"class":62},[44,62241,66],{"class":58},[44,62243,69],{"class":62},[44,62245,66],{"class":58},[44,62247,74],{"class":62},[44,62249,3005],{"class":58},[44,62251,62252,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62253,3270],{"class":58},[44,62255,351],{"class":278},[44,62257,184],{"class":282},[44,62259,351],{"class":278},[44,62261,66],{"class":58},[44,62263,360],{"class":278},[44,62265,563],{"class":282},[44,62267,351],{"class":278},[44,62269,66],{"class":58},[44,62271,360],{"class":278},[44,62273,583],{"class":282},[44,62275,351],{"class":278},[44,62277,3005],{"class":58},[20,62279,148,62280,62282,62283,62285],{},[15,62281,24147],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62284,59368],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,62287,62289],{"id":62288},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62291,62292,62294],{},[15,62293,24147],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62296,62297],{},"It can:",[165,62299,62300,62303,62306],{},[168,62301,62302],{},"create a new list object",[168,62304,62305],{},"make an empty list",[168,62307,62308],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62310,62311,62312,86],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[184,62313,52143],{"href":50352},[30,62315,196],{"id":195},[20,62317,25854],{},[35,62319,62321],{"className":37,"code":62320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62322,62323,62329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62324,62325,62327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62326,1097],{"class":909},[44,62328,913],{"class":58},[44,62330,62331,62333,62335,62337],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62332,1097],{"class":909},[44,62334,93],{"class":58},[44,62336,3091],{"class":89},[44,62338,99],{"class":58},[165,62340,62341,62346],{},[168,62342,62343,62345],{},[15,62344,24147],{}," makes an empty list",[168,62347,62348,62351],{},[15,62349,62350],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62353,62354],{},"Common iterable values include:",[165,62356,62357,62359,62361,62363,62366],{},[168,62358,4684],{},[168,62360,4678],{},[168,62362,4681],{},[168,62364,62365],{},"ranges",[168,62367,6628],{},[30,62369,58990],{"id":58989},[20,62371,148,62372,62374],{},[15,62373,24147],{}," with no arguments:",[35,62376,62378],{"className":37,"code":62377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62379,62380,62390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62381,62382,62384,62386,62388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62383,904],{"class":50},[44,62385,55],{"class":54},[44,62387,21927],{"class":909},[44,62389,913],{"class":58},[44,62391,62392,62394,62396,62398],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62393,106],{"class":105},[44,62395,93],{"class":58},[44,62397,922],{"class":89},[44,62399,99],{"class":58},[20,62401,118],{},[35,62403,62404],{"className":37,"code":37665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62405,62406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62407,62408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62409,37665],{"class":58},[20,62411,62412],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,62414,62416],{"className":37,"code":62415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62417,62418,62428,62432,62450,62468,62472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62419,62420,62422,62424,62426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62421,904],{"class":50},[44,62423,55],{"class":54},[44,62425,21927],{"class":909},[44,62427,913],{"class":58},[44,62429,62430],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62431,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,62433,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442,62444,62446,62448],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62435,922],{"class":50},[44,62437,86],{"class":58},[44,62439,12924],{"class":89},[44,62441,93],{"class":58},[44,62443,279],{"class":278},[44,62445,3450],{"class":282},[44,62447,279],{"class":278},[44,62449,99],{"class":58},[44,62451,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462,62464,62466],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,62453,922],{"class":50},[44,62455,86],{"class":58},[44,62457,12924],{"class":89},[44,62459,93],{"class":58},[44,62461,279],{"class":278},[44,62463,3459],{"class":282},[44,62465,279],{"class":278},[44,62467,99],{"class":58},[44,62469,62470],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,62471,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,62473,62474,62476,62478,62480],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,62475,106],{"class":105},[44,62477,93],{"class":58},[44,62479,922],{"class":89},[44,62481,99],{"class":58},[20,62483,118],{},[35,62485,62486],{"className":37,"code":37791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62487,62488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62489,62490,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500,62502,62504,62506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62491,3270],{"class":58},[44,62493,351],{"class":278},[44,62495,3450],{"class":282},[44,62497,351],{"class":278},[44,62499,66],{"class":58},[44,62501,360],{"class":278},[44,62503,3459],{"class":282},[44,62505,351],{"class":278},[44,62507,3005],{"class":58},[20,62509,62510,62511,62513],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62512,3157],{},". Both are valid.",[30,62515,62517],{"id":62516},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[693,62519,62521],{"id":62520},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,62523,62524],{"className":37,"code":59288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62525,62526,62548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62527,62528,62530,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542,62544,62546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62529,51],{"class":50},[44,62531,55],{"class":54},[44,62533,21927],{"class":909},[44,62535,964],{"class":58},[44,62537,63],{"class":62},[44,62539,66],{"class":58},[44,62541,69],{"class":62},[44,62543,66],{"class":58},[44,62545,74],{"class":62},[44,62547,973],{"class":58},[44,62549,62550,62552,62554,62556],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62551,106],{"class":105},[44,62553,93],{"class":58},[44,62555,83],{"class":89},[44,62557,99],{"class":58},[20,62559,118],{},[35,62561,62562],{"className":37,"code":54521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62563,62564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62565,62566,62568,62570,62572,62574,62576,62578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62567,3270],{"class":58},[44,62569,63],{"class":62},[44,62571,66],{"class":58},[44,62573,69],{"class":62},[44,62575,66],{"class":58},[44,62577,74],{"class":62},[44,62579,3005],{"class":58},[20,62581,62582,62583,86],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[184,62584,62586],{"href":62585},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[693,62588,62590],{"id":62589},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,62592,62594],{"className":37,"code":62593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62595,62596,62614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62597,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62599,546],{"class":50},[44,62601,55],{"class":54},[44,62603,21927],{"class":909},[44,62605,93],{"class":58},[44,62607,279],{"class":278},[44,62609,36415],{"class":282},[44,62611,279],{"class":278},[44,62613,99],{"class":58},[44,62615,62616,62618,62620,62622],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62617,106],{"class":105},[44,62619,93],{"class":58},[44,62621,572],{"class":89},[44,62623,99],{"class":58},[20,62625,118],{},[35,62627,62629],{"className":37,"code":62628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62630,62631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62632,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649,62651,62653,62656,62658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62634,3270],{"class":58},[44,62636,351],{"class":278},[44,62638,583],{"class":282},[44,62640,351],{"class":278},[44,62642,66],{"class":58},[44,62644,360],{"class":278},[44,62646,184],{"class":282},[44,62648,351],{"class":278},[44,62650,66],{"class":58},[44,62652,360],{"class":278},[44,62654,62655],{"class":282},"t",[44,62657,351],{"class":278},[44,62659,3005],{"class":58},[20,62661,62662,62664],{},[15,62663,24147],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[693,62666,62668],{"id":62667},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,62670,62672],{"className":37,"code":62671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62673,62674,62692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62675,62676,62678,62680,62682,62684,62686,62688,62690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62677,51],{"class":50},[44,62679,55],{"class":54},[44,62681,21927],{"class":909},[44,62683,93],{"class":58},[44,62685,59368],{"class":105},[44,62687,93],{"class":58},[44,62689,1508],{"class":62},[44,62691,973],{"class":58},[44,62693,62694,62696,62698,62700],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62695,106],{"class":105},[44,62697,93],{"class":58},[44,62699,83],{"class":89},[44,62701,99],{"class":58},[20,62703,118],{},[35,62705,62706],{"className":37,"code":59391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62707,62708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62709,62710,62712,62714,62716,62718,62720,62722,62724,62726,62728,62730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62711,3270],{"class":58},[44,62713,1491],{"class":62},[44,62715,66],{"class":58},[44,62717,4874],{"class":62},[44,62719,66],{"class":58},[44,62721,69],{"class":62},[44,62723,66],{"class":58},[44,62725,74],{"class":62},[44,62727,66],{"class":58},[44,62729,143],{"class":62},[44,62731,3005],{"class":58},[20,62733,62734,62735,62739],{},"This is common when working with ",[184,62736,62737],{"href":35562},[15,62738,35565],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[693,62741,62743],{"id":62742},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,62745,62747],{"className":37,"code":62746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62748,62749,62771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62750,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62752,3193],{"class":50},[44,62754,55],{"class":54},[44,62756,21927],{"class":909},[44,62758,4905],{"class":58},[44,62760,931],{"class":62},[44,62762,66],{"class":58},[44,62764,7168],{"class":62},[44,62766,66],{"class":58},[44,62768,7173],{"class":62},[44,62770,29861],{"class":58},[44,62772,62773,62775,62777,62779],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62774,106],{"class":105},[44,62776,93],{"class":58},[44,62778,4734],{"class":89},[44,62780,99],{"class":58},[20,62782,16327],{},[35,62784,62786],{"className":37,"code":62785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62787,62788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62789,62790,62792,62794,62796,62798,62800,62802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62791,3270],{"class":58},[44,62793,931],{"class":62},[44,62795,66],{"class":58},[44,62797,7168],{"class":62},[44,62799,66],{"class":58},[44,62801,7173],{"class":62},[44,62803,3005],{"class":58},[20,62805,62806],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[693,62808,62810],{"id":62809},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,62812,62814],{"className":37,"code":62813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62815,62816,62852,62866,62870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62817,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826,62828,62830,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62819,12575],{"class":50},[44,62821,55],{"class":54},[44,62823,59],{"class":58},[44,62825,279],{"class":278},[44,62827,7046],{"class":282},[44,62829,279],{"class":278},[44,62831,1084],{"class":58},[44,62833,290],{"class":278},[44,62835,12253],{"class":282},[44,62837,279],{"class":278},[44,62839,66],{"class":58},[44,62841,290],{"class":278},[44,62843,8677],{"class":282},[44,62845,279],{"class":278},[44,62847,1084],{"class":58},[44,62849,8684],{"class":62},[44,62851,77],{"class":58},[44,62853,62854,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,62855,1602],{"class":50},[44,62857,55],{"class":54},[44,62859,21927],{"class":909},[44,62861,93],{"class":58},[44,62863,16676],{"class":89},[44,62865,99],{"class":58},[44,62867,62868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62869,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,62871,62872,62874,62876,62878],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,62873,106],{"class":105},[44,62875,93],{"class":58},[44,62877,1637],{"class":89},[44,62879,99],{"class":58},[20,62881,118],{},[35,62883,62884],{"className":37,"code":24847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62885,62886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62887,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62889,3270],{"class":58},[44,62891,351],{"class":278},[44,62893,7046],{"class":282},[44,62895,351],{"class":278},[44,62897,66],{"class":58},[44,62899,360],{"class":278},[44,62901,8677],{"class":282},[44,62903,351],{"class":278},[44,62905,3005],{"class":58},[20,62907,62908,62909,62911],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,62910,24147],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,62913,62914,62915,86],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[184,62916,62918],{"href":62917},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,62920,62922],{"id":62921},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,62924,62925],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,62927,60524],{},[165,62929,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938,62940],{},[168,62931,4675],{},[168,62933,4678],{},[168,62935,4684],{},[168,62937,4681],{},[168,62939,62365],{},[168,62941,6628],{},[20,62943,62944],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,62946,62948],{"className":37,"code":62947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,62949,62950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62951,62952,62954,62956,62958,62960,62962,62965,62967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62953,106],{"class":105},[44,62955,93],{"class":58},[44,62957,1097],{"class":909},[44,62959,93],{"class":58},[44,62961,279],{"class":278},[44,62963,62964],{"class":282},"hi",[44,62966,279],{"class":278},[44,62968,973],{"class":58},[20,62970,118],{},[35,62972,62974],{"className":37,"code":62973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,62975,62976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62977,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990,62992,62994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62979,3270],{"class":58},[44,62981,351],{"class":278},[44,62983,59808],{"class":282},[44,62985,351],{"class":278},[44,62987,66],{"class":58},[44,62989,360],{"class":278},[44,62991,35521],{"class":282},[44,62993,351],{"class":278},[44,62995,3005],{"class":58},[20,62997,62998],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,63000,63002],{"className":37,"code":63001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63003,63004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63005,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63007,106],{"class":105},[44,63009,93],{"class":58},[44,63011,1097],{"class":909},[44,63013,93],{"class":58},[44,63015,1508],{"class":62},[44,63017,973],{"class":58},[20,63019,118],{},[35,63021,63023],{"className":37,"code":63022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63024,63025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63026,63027,63029,63031,63033,63035,63037,63039,63041,63043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63028,1081],{"class":909},[44,63030,1084],{"class":58},[44,63032,360],{"class":278},[44,63034,1560],{"class":282},[44,63036,351],{"class":278},[44,63038,23984],{"class":909},[44,63040,7474],{"class":54},[44,63042,7477],{"class":54},[44,63044,63045],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63047,63048,63049,63051,63052,86],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[184,63050,4510],{"href":4962},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[184,63053,63054],{"href":51973},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,63056,63058],{"id":63057},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63060,63061,63062,63065],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63063,63064],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63067,63069],{"className":37,"code":63068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63070,63071,63091,63105,63109,63119,63129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63072,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63074,11458],{"class":50},[44,63076,55],{"class":54},[44,63078,2992],{"class":58},[44,63080,63],{"class":62},[44,63082,66],{"class":58},[44,63084,69],{"class":62},[44,63086,66],{"class":58},[44,63088,74],{"class":62},[44,63090,3005],{"class":58},[44,63092,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63094,13683],{"class":50},[44,63096,55],{"class":54},[44,63098,21927],{"class":909},[44,63100,93],{"class":58},[44,63102,11505],{"class":89},[44,63104,99],{"class":58},[44,63106,63107],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63108,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,63110,63111,63113,63115,63117],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,63112,106],{"class":105},[44,63114,93],{"class":58},[44,63116,11505],{"class":89},[44,63118,99],{"class":58},[44,63120,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,63122,106],{"class":105},[44,63124,93],{"class":58},[44,63126,13702],{"class":89},[44,63128,99],{"class":58},[44,63130,63131,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,63132,106],{"class":105},[44,63134,93],{"class":58},[44,63136,11458],{"class":89},[44,63138,11566],{"class":3246},[44,63140,13756],{"class":89},[44,63142,99],{"class":58},[20,63144,118],{},[35,63146,63148],{"className":37,"code":63147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63149,63150,63166,63182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63151,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160,63162,63164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63153,3270],{"class":58},[44,63155,63],{"class":62},[44,63157,66],{"class":58},[44,63159,69],{"class":62},[44,63161,66],{"class":58},[44,63163,74],{"class":62},[44,63165,3005],{"class":58},[44,63167,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63169,3270],{"class":58},[44,63171,63],{"class":62},[44,63173,66],{"class":58},[44,63175,69],{"class":62},[44,63177,66],{"class":58},[44,63179,74],{"class":62},[44,63181,3005],{"class":58},[44,63183,63184],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63185,3411],{"class":871},[20,63187,63188,63189,63191],{},"This means ",[15,63190,13702],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63193,63194,63195,63197],{},"However, this is only a ",[116,63196,12223],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,63199,63201],{"className":37,"code":63200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63202,63203,63229,63243,63247,63265,63269,63279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63204,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63206,11458],{"class":50},[44,63208,55],{"class":54},[44,63210,55664],{"class":58},[44,63212,63],{"class":62},[44,63214,66],{"class":58},[44,63216,69],{"class":62},[44,63218,17428],{"class":58},[44,63220,2992],{"class":58},[44,63222,1433],{"class":62},[44,63224,66],{"class":58},[44,63226,143],{"class":62},[44,63228,52613],{"class":58},[44,63230,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63232,13683],{"class":50},[44,63234,55],{"class":54},[44,63236,21927],{"class":909},[44,63238,93],{"class":58},[44,63240,11505],{"class":89},[44,63242,99],{"class":58},[44,63244,63245],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63246,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,63248,63249,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259,63261,63263],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,63250,13702],{"class":50},[44,63252,3270],{"class":58},[44,63254,1491],{"class":62},[44,63256,12921],{"class":58},[44,63258,12924],{"class":89},[44,63260,93],{"class":58},[44,63262,55717],{"class":62},[44,63264,99],{"class":58},[44,63266,63267],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,63268,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,63270,63271,63273,63275,63277],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,63272,106],{"class":105},[44,63274,93],{"class":58},[44,63276,11505],{"class":89},[44,63278,99],{"class":58},[44,63280,63281,63283,63285,63287],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,63282,106],{"class":105},[44,63284,93],{"class":58},[44,63286,13702],{"class":89},[44,63288,99],{"class":58},[20,63290,118],{},[35,63292,63293],{"className":37,"code":55748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63294,63295,63321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63296,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63298,55755],{"class":58},[44,63300,63],{"class":62},[44,63302,66],{"class":58},[44,63304,69],{"class":62},[44,63306,66],{"class":58},[44,63308,9574],{"class":62},[44,63310,17428],{"class":58},[44,63312,2992],{"class":58},[44,63314,1433],{"class":62},[44,63316,66],{"class":58},[44,63318,143],{"class":62},[44,63320,52613],{"class":58},[44,63322,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341,63343,63345],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63324,55755],{"class":58},[44,63326,63],{"class":62},[44,63328,66],{"class":58},[44,63330,69],{"class":62},[44,63332,66],{"class":58},[44,63334,9574],{"class":62},[44,63336,17428],{"class":58},[44,63338,2992],{"class":58},[44,63340,1433],{"class":62},[44,63342,66],{"class":58},[44,63344,143],{"class":62},[44,63346,52613],{"class":58},[20,63348,63349],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63351,63352,63353,86],{},"For more on this, see ",[184,63354,13162],{"href":13161},[30,63356,63358],{"id":63357},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63360,63361,63362,86],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63363,24147],{},[693,63365,63367],{"id":63366},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,63369,63371],{"className":37,"code":63370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63372,63373,63413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63374,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63376,12236],{"class":50},[44,63378,55],{"class":54},[44,63380,59],{"class":58},[44,63382,279],{"class":278},[44,63384,7046],{"class":282},[44,63386,279],{"class":278},[44,63388,1084],{"class":58},[44,63390,290],{"class":278},[44,63392,7299],{"class":282},[44,63394,279],{"class":278},[44,63396,66],{"class":58},[44,63398,290],{"class":278},[44,63400,19257],{"class":282},[44,63402,279],{"class":278},[44,63404,1084],{"class":58},[44,63406,290],{"class":278},[44,63408,21612],{"class":282},[44,63410,279],{"class":278},[44,63412,77],{"class":58},[44,63414,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63416,106],{"class":105},[44,63418,93],{"class":58},[44,63420,1097],{"class":909},[44,63422,93],{"class":58},[44,63424,12997],{"class":89},[44,63426,973],{"class":58},[20,63428,118],{},[35,63430,63432],{"className":37,"code":63431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63433,63434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63435,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63437,3270],{"class":58},[44,63439,351],{"class":278},[44,63441,7046],{"class":282},[44,63443,351],{"class":278},[44,63445,66],{"class":58},[44,63447,360],{"class":278},[44,63449,19257],{"class":282},[44,63451,351],{"class":278},[44,63453,3005],{"class":58},[693,63455,63457],{"id":63456},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,63459,63461],{"className":37,"code":63460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63462,63463,63503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63464,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63466,12236],{"class":50},[44,63468,55],{"class":54},[44,63470,59],{"class":58},[44,63472,279],{"class":278},[44,63474,7046],{"class":282},[44,63476,279],{"class":278},[44,63478,1084],{"class":58},[44,63480,290],{"class":278},[44,63482,7299],{"class":282},[44,63484,279],{"class":278},[44,63486,66],{"class":58},[44,63488,290],{"class":278},[44,63490,19257],{"class":282},[44,63492,279],{"class":278},[44,63494,1084],{"class":58},[44,63496,290],{"class":278},[44,63498,21612],{"class":282},[44,63500,279],{"class":278},[44,63502,77],{"class":58},[44,63504,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63506,106],{"class":105},[44,63508,93],{"class":58},[44,63510,1097],{"class":909},[44,63512,93],{"class":58},[44,63514,12997],{"class":89},[44,63516,86],{"class":58},[44,63518,4734],{"class":89},[44,63520,5666],{"class":58},[20,63522,118],{},[35,63524,63526],{"className":37,"code":63525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63527,63528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63529,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63531,3270],{"class":58},[44,63533,351],{"class":278},[44,63535,7299],{"class":282},[44,63537,351],{"class":278},[44,63539,66],{"class":58},[44,63541,360],{"class":278},[44,63543,21612],{"class":282},[44,63545,351],{"class":278},[44,63547,3005],{"class":58},[693,63549,63551],{"id":63550},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,63553,63555],{"className":37,"code":63554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63556,63557,63597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63558,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63560,12236],{"class":50},[44,63562,55],{"class":54},[44,63564,59],{"class":58},[44,63566,279],{"class":278},[44,63568,7046],{"class":282},[44,63570,279],{"class":278},[44,63572,1084],{"class":58},[44,63574,290],{"class":278},[44,63576,7299],{"class":282},[44,63578,279],{"class":278},[44,63580,66],{"class":58},[44,63582,290],{"class":278},[44,63584,19257],{"class":282},[44,63586,279],{"class":278},[44,63588,1084],{"class":58},[44,63590,290],{"class":278},[44,63592,21612],{"class":282},[44,63594,279],{"class":278},[44,63596,77],{"class":58},[44,63598,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63600,106],{"class":105},[44,63602,93],{"class":58},[44,63604,1097],{"class":909},[44,63606,93],{"class":58},[44,63608,12997],{"class":89},[44,63610,86],{"class":58},[44,63612,922],{"class":89},[44,63614,5666],{"class":58},[20,63616,118],{},[35,63618,63620],{"className":37,"code":63619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63621,63622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63623,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63625,21107],{"class":58},[44,63627,351],{"class":278},[44,63629,7046],{"class":282},[44,63631,351],{"class":278},[44,63633,66],{"class":58},[44,63635,360],{"class":278},[44,63637,7299],{"class":282},[44,63639,351],{"class":278},[44,63641,8612],{"class":58},[44,63643,8615],{"class":58},[44,63645,351],{"class":278},[44,63647,19257],{"class":282},[44,63649,351],{"class":278},[44,63651,66],{"class":58},[44,63653,360],{"class":278},[44,63655,21612],{"class":282},[44,63657,351],{"class":278},[44,63659,8628],{"class":58},[20,63661,63662],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,63664,63666],{"id":63665},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63668,148,63669,9977],{},[15,63670,24147],{},[165,63672,63673,63681,63690],{},[168,63674,63675,63676,188,63678],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63677,1144],{},[15,63679,63680],{},"sort()",[168,63682,63683,63684,188,63686,63689],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63685,35565],{},[15,63687,63688],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[168,63691,63692],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63694,45411,63695,1084],{},[15,63696,63688],{},[35,63698,63700],{"className":37,"code":63699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63701,63702,63726,63742,63746,63769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63703,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63705,4368],{"class":50},[44,63707,55],{"class":54},[44,63709,2992],{"class":58},[44,63711,279],{"class":278},[44,63713,12253],{"class":282},[44,63715,279],{"class":278},[44,63717,66],{"class":58},[44,63719,290],{"class":278},[44,63721,35309],{"class":282},[44,63723,279],{"class":278},[44,63725,3005],{"class":58},[44,63727,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63729,4437],{"class":50},[44,63731,55],{"class":54},[44,63733,2992],{"class":58},[44,63735,12873],{"class":62},[44,63737,66],{"class":58},[44,63739,12878],{"class":62},[44,63741,3005],{"class":58},[44,63743,63744],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63745,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,63747,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,63749,8594],{"class":50},[44,63751,55],{"class":54},[44,63753,21927],{"class":909},[44,63755,93],{"class":58},[44,63757,63758],{"class":105},"zip",[44,63760,93],{"class":58},[44,63762,4412],{"class":89},[44,63764,66],{"class":58},[44,63766,4484],{"class":89},[44,63768,973],{"class":58},[44,63770,63771,63773,63775,63777],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,63772,106],{"class":105},[44,63774,93],{"class":58},[44,63776,8641],{"class":89},[44,63778,99],{"class":58},[20,63780,118],{},[35,63782,63784],{"className":37,"code":63783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63785,63786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63787,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63789,21107],{"class":58},[44,63791,351],{"class":278},[44,63793,12253],{"class":282},[44,63795,351],{"class":278},[44,63797,66],{"class":58},[44,63799,19264],{"class":62},[44,63801,8612],{"class":58},[44,63803,8615],{"class":58},[44,63805,351],{"class":278},[44,63807,35309],{"class":282},[44,63809,351],{"class":278},[44,63811,66],{"class":58},[44,63813,12878],{"class":62},[44,63815,8628],{"class":58},[20,63817,63818,63819,63821,63822,86],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63820,1144],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[184,63823,1231],{"href":52420},[30,63825,3892],{"id":3891},[20,63827,56144,63828,86],{},[15,63829,24147],{},[693,63831,63833],{"id":63832},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63835,3899],{},[35,63837,63839],{"className":37,"code":63838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63840,63841,63845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63842,63843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63844,3909],{"class":3034},[44,63846,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,63848,1097],{"class":909},[44,63850,93],{"class":58},[44,63852,63],{"class":62},[44,63854,66],{"class":58},[44,63856,69],{"class":62},[44,63858,66],{"class":58},[44,63860,74],{"class":62},[44,63862,99],{"class":58},[20,63864,63865,63867],{},[15,63866,24147],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,63869,18061],{},[35,63871,63873],{"className":37,"code":63872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,63874,63875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63876,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63878,106],{"class":105},[44,63880,93],{"class":58},[44,63882,1097],{"class":909},[44,63884,964],{"class":58},[44,63886,63],{"class":62},[44,63888,66],{"class":58},[44,63890,69],{"class":62},[44,63892,66],{"class":58},[44,63894,74],{"class":62},[44,63896,2282],{"class":58},[693,63898,63900,63901],{"id":63899},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,63902,63903],{},"\"hello\"",[20,63905,63906],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,63908,63910],{"className":37,"code":63909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,63911,63912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63913,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63915,106],{"class":105},[44,63917,93],{"class":58},[44,63919,1097],{"class":909},[44,63921,93],{"class":58},[44,63923,279],{"class":278},[44,63925,948],{"class":282},[44,63927,279],{"class":278},[44,63929,973],{"class":58},[20,63931,118],{},[35,63933,63935],{"className":37,"code":63934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,63936,63937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63938,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63940,3270],{"class":58},[44,63942,351],{"class":278},[44,63944,59808],{"class":282},[44,63946,351],{"class":278},[44,63948,66],{"class":58},[44,63950,360],{"class":278},[44,63952,672],{"class":282},[44,63954,351],{"class":278},[44,63956,66],{"class":58},[44,63958,360],{"class":278},[44,63960,59825],{"class":282},[44,63962,351],{"class":278},[44,63964,66],{"class":58},[44,63966,360],{"class":278},[44,63968,59825],{"class":282},[44,63970,351],{"class":278},[44,63972,66],{"class":58},[44,63974,360],{"class":278},[44,63976,59842],{"class":282},[44,63978,351],{"class":278},[44,63980,3005],{"class":58},[20,63982,63983],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,63985,63986],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,63988,63990],{"className":37,"code":63989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,63991,63992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63993,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63995,106],{"class":105},[44,63997,650],{"class":58},[44,63999,279],{"class":278},[44,64001,948],{"class":282},[44,64003,279],{"class":278},[44,64005,677],{"class":58},[693,64007,64009],{"id":64008},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64011,64012],{},"This:",[35,64014,64016],{"className":37,"code":64015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64017,64018,64050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64019,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64021,8544],{"class":50},[44,64023,55],{"class":54},[44,64025,59],{"class":58},[44,64027,279],{"class":278},[44,64029,184],{"class":282},[44,64031,279],{"class":278},[44,64033,1084],{"class":58},[44,64035,4874],{"class":62},[44,64037,66],{"class":58},[44,64039,290],{"class":278},[44,64041,563],{"class":282},[44,64043,279],{"class":278},[44,64045,1084],{"class":58},[44,64047,69],{"class":62},[44,64049,77],{"class":58},[44,64051,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060,64062],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64053,106],{"class":105},[44,64055,93],{"class":58},[44,64057,1097],{"class":909},[44,64059,93],{"class":58},[44,64061,8583],{"class":89},[44,64063,973],{"class":58},[20,64065,64066],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64068,148,64069,64072],{},[15,64070,64071],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[693,64074,64076],{"id":64075},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64078,64079,64081],{},[15,64080,24147],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64083,64084],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,64086,1235],{"id":1234},[693,64088,4554,64090,64092],{"id":64089},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64091],{}," and list()?",[20,64094,64095,64096,64098,64099,64101],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64097,3157],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64100,24147],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[693,64103,64105],{"id":64104},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64107,64108,64109,64111],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64110,24147],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[693,64113,64115],{"id":64114},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64117,64118],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[693,64120,64122],{"id":64121},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64124,64125],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[693,64127,64129],{"id":64128},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64131,64132,64133,64135],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64134,24147],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,64137,1279],{"id":1278},[165,64139,64140,64144,64149,64153,64157,64161,64165,64170],{},[168,64141,64142],{},[184,64143,52143],{"href":50352},[168,64145,64146],{},[184,64147,64148],{"href":35562},"Python range() function explained",[168,64150,64151],{},[184,64152,62586],{"href":62585},[168,64154,64155],{},[184,64156,62918],{"href":62917},[168,64158,64159],{},[184,64160,4591],{"href":4962},[168,64162,64163],{},[184,64164,13162],{"href":13161},[168,64166,64167],{},[184,64168,64169],{"href":51973},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[168,64171,64172],{},[184,64173,53649],{"href":52420},[1304,64175,64176],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":64178},[64179,64180,64181,64182,64183,64190,64191,64192,64197,64198,64205,64213],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":62288,"depth":80,"text":62289},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":58989,"depth":80,"text":58990},{"id":62516,"depth":80,"text":62517,"children":64184},[64185,64186,64187,64188,64189],{"id":62520,"depth":102,"text":62521},{"id":62589,"depth":102,"text":62590},{"id":62667,"depth":102,"text":62668},{"id":62742,"depth":102,"text":62743},{"id":62809,"depth":102,"text":62810},{"id":62921,"depth":80,"text":62922},{"id":63057,"depth":80,"text":63058},{"id":63357,"depth":80,"text":63358,"children":64193},[64194,64195,64196],{"id":63366,"depth":102,"text":63367},{"id":63456,"depth":102,"text":63457},{"id":63550,"depth":102,"text":63551},{"id":63665,"depth":80,"text":63666},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":64199},[64200,64201,64203,64204],{"id":63832,"depth":102,"text":63833},{"id":63899,"depth":102,"text":64202},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64008,"depth":102,"text":64009},{"id":64075,"depth":102,"text":64076},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":64206},[64207,64209,64210,64211,64212],{"id":64089,"depth":102,"text":64208},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64104,"depth":102,"text":64105},{"id":64114,"depth":102,"text":64115},{"id":64121,"depth":102,"text":64122},{"id":64128,"depth":102,"text":64129},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62122,"description":64214},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64221,"title":64222,"body":64223,"description":65574,"extension":1334,"meta":65575,"navigation":322,"path":65576,"seo":65577,"stem":65578,"__hash__":65579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64224,"toc":65548},[64225,64230,64236,64245,64247,64320,64329,64334,64338,64354,64358,64360,64362,64381,64384,64412,64415,64440,64448,64450,64455,64462,64464,64521,64523,64531,64537,64541,64544,64617,64619,64627,64630,64653,64660,64666,64670,64676,64747,64749,64757,64766,64773,64780,64788,64932,64934,64951,64954,64993,64996,65000,65005,65007,65066,65072,65075,65182,65184,65199,65202,65209,65211,65215,65363,65366,65427,65430,65433,65454,65459,65463,65474,65477,65479,65484,65487,65495,65500,65506,65509,65515,65523,65525,65545],[10,64226,53713,64228,18],{"id":64227},"python-list-index-method",[15,64229,58337],{},[20,64231,64232,64235],{},[15,64233,64234],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64237,64238,64239,64242,64243,86],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[116,64240,64241],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64244,40072],{},[30,64246,2978],{"id":2977},[35,64248,64250],{"className":37,"code":64249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64251,64252,64284,64307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64253,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64255,904],{"class":50},[44,64257,55],{"class":54},[44,64259,2992],{"class":58},[44,64261,279],{"class":278},[44,64263,3450],{"class":282},[44,64265,279],{"class":278},[44,64267,66],{"class":58},[44,64269,290],{"class":278},[44,64271,3459],{"class":282},[44,64273,279],{"class":278},[44,64275,66],{"class":58},[44,64277,290],{"class":278},[44,64279,3468],{"class":282},[44,64281,279],{"class":278},[44,64283,3005],{"class":58},[44,64285,64286,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64287,64288],{"class":50},"position ",[44,64290,55],{"class":54},[44,64292,5342],{"class":50},[44,64294,86],{"class":58},[44,64296,35214],{"class":89},[44,64298,93],{"class":58},[44,64300,279],{"class":278},[44,64302,3459],{"class":282},[44,64304,279],{"class":278},[44,64306,99],{"class":58},[44,64308,64309,64311,64313,64316,64318],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64310,106],{"class":105},[44,64312,93],{"class":58},[44,64314,64315],{"class":89},"position",[44,64317,3031],{"class":58},[44,64319,27147],{"class":3034},[20,64321,148,64322,64325,64326,64328],{},[15,64323,64324],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64327,40072],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,64330,155,64332,158],{"id":64331},"what-listindex-does",[15,64333,64234],{},[20,64335,64336,1084],{},[15,64337,64234],{},[165,64339,64340,64343,64346,64351],{},[168,64341,64342],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[168,64344,64345],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[168,64347,64348,64349],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64350,1491],{},[168,64352,64353],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64355,53938,64356,86],{},[184,64357,52143],{"href":53941},[30,64359,196],{"id":195},[20,64361,30090],{},[35,64363,64365],{"className":37,"code":64364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64366,64367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64368,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64370,7717],{"class":50},[44,64372,86],{"class":58},[44,64374,35214],{"class":89},[44,64376,93],{"class":58},[44,64378,1188],{"class":89},[44,64380,99],{"class":58},[20,64382,64383],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,64385,64387],{"className":37,"code":64386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64388,64389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64390,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64392,7717],{"class":50},[44,64394,86],{"class":58},[44,64396,35214],{"class":89},[44,64398,93],{"class":58},[44,64400,1188],{"class":89},[44,64402,66],{"class":58},[44,64404,35420],{"class":89},[44,64406,66],{"class":58},[44,64408,64409],{"class":89}," end",[44,64411,99],{"class":58},[20,64413,64414],{},"Here is what each part means:",[165,64416,64417,64422,64427,64432],{},[168,64418,64419,64421],{},[15,64420,1188],{},": the item to search for",[168,64423,64424,64426],{},[15,64425,35441],{},": where the search begins",[168,64428,64429,64431],{},[15,64430,52032],{},": where the search stops",[168,64433,64434,4156,64436,64439],{},[15,64435,52032],{},[116,64437,64438],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64441,64442,64443,64445,64446,86],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64444,35441],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64447,52032],{},[30,64449,37388],{"id":37387},[20,64451,64452,64454],{},[15,64453,64234],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64456,64457,64458,64461],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[116,64459,64460],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64463,894],{},[35,64465,64467],{"className":37,"code":64466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64468,64469,64489,64507,64511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64470,64471,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64472,51],{"class":50},[44,64474,55],{"class":54},[44,64476,2992],{"class":58},[44,64478,931],{"class":62},[44,64480,66],{"class":58},[44,64482,7168],{"class":62},[44,64484,66],{"class":58},[44,64486,7173],{"class":62},[44,64488,3005],{"class":58},[44,64490,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64492,1602],{"class":50},[44,64494,55],{"class":54},[44,64496,3635],{"class":50},[44,64498,86],{"class":58},[44,64500,35214],{"class":89},[44,64502,93],{"class":58},[44,64504,15122],{"class":62},[44,64506,99],{"class":58},[44,64508,64509],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64510,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,64512,64513,64515,64517,64519],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,64514,106],{"class":105},[44,64516,93],{"class":58},[44,64518,1637],{"class":89},[44,64520,99],{"class":58},[20,64522,118],{},[35,64524,64525],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64526,64527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64528,64529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64530,46288],{"class":62},[20,64532,64533,64534,64536],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64535,58337],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,64538,64540],{"id":64539},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64542,64543],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,64545,64547],{"className":37,"code":64546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64548,64549,64581,64603,64607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64550,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64552,35606],{"class":50},[44,64554,55],{"class":54},[44,64556,2992],{"class":58},[44,64558,279],{"class":278},[44,64560,3450],{"class":282},[44,64562,279],{"class":278},[44,64564,66],{"class":58},[44,64566,290],{"class":278},[44,64568,3459],{"class":282},[44,64570,279],{"class":278},[44,64572,66],{"class":58},[44,64574,290],{"class":278},[44,64576,3468],{"class":282},[44,64578,279],{"class":278},[44,64580,3005],{"class":58},[44,64582,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597,64599,64601],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64584,64288],{"class":50},[44,64586,55],{"class":54},[44,64588,52223],{"class":50},[44,64590,86],{"class":58},[44,64592,35214],{"class":89},[44,64594,93],{"class":58},[44,64596,279],{"class":278},[44,64598,3468],{"class":282},[44,64600,279],{"class":278},[44,64602,99],{"class":58},[44,64604,64605],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64606,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,64608,64609,64611,64613,64615],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,64610,106],{"class":105},[44,64612,93],{"class":58},[44,64614,64315],{"class":89},[44,64616,99],{"class":58},[20,64618,118],{},[35,64620,64621],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64622,64623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64624,64625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64626,16425],{"class":62},[20,64628,64629],{},"In this list:",[165,64631,64632,64639,64646],{},[168,64633,64634,64636,64637],{},[15,64635,57202],{}," is at index ",[15,64638,1491],{},[168,64640,64641,64636,64644],{},[15,64642,64643],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64645,63],{},[168,64647,64648,64636,64651],{},[15,64649,64650],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64652,472],{},[20,64654,53024,64655,727,64658,86],{},[15,64656,64657],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64659,472],{},[20,64661,50916,64662,86],{},[184,64663,64665],{"href":64664},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,64667,64669],{"id":64668},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64671,64672,64673,64675],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64674,58337],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,64677,64679],{"className":37,"code":64678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64680,64681,64721,64725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64682,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64684,271],{"class":50},[44,64686,55],{"class":54},[44,64688,2992],{"class":58},[44,64690,279],{"class":278},[44,64692,283],{"class":282},[44,64694,279],{"class":278},[44,64696,66],{"class":58},[44,64698,290],{"class":278},[44,64700,293],{"class":282},[44,64702,279],{"class":278},[44,64704,66],{"class":58},[44,64706,290],{"class":278},[44,64708,283],{"class":282},[44,64710,279],{"class":278},[44,64712,66],{"class":58},[44,64714,290],{"class":278},[44,64716,313],{"class":282},[44,64718,279],{"class":278},[44,64720,3005],{"class":58},[44,64722,64723],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64724,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,64726,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64728,106],{"class":105},[44,64730,93],{"class":58},[44,64732,302],{"class":89},[44,64734,86],{"class":58},[44,64736,35214],{"class":89},[44,64738,93],{"class":58},[44,64740,279],{"class":278},[44,64742,283],{"class":282},[44,64744,279],{"class":278},[44,64746,973],{"class":58},[20,64748,118],{},[35,64750,64751],{"className":37,"code":46623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64752,64753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64754,64755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64756,46623],{"class":62},[20,64758,20344,64759,64762,64763,64765],{},[15,64760,64761],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64764,1491],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64767,64768,64769,86],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[184,64770,54891,64771,718],{"href":58396},[15,64772,56659],{},[30,64774,1123,64776,3766,64778],{"id":64775},"using-start-and-end",[15,64777,35441],{},[15,64779,52032],{},[20,64781,64782,64783,3766,64785,64787],{},"The optional ",[15,64784,35441],{},[15,64786,52032],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,64789,64791],{"className":37,"code":64790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64792,64793,64841,64845,64870,64899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64794,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837,64839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64796,546],{"class":50},[44,64798,55],{"class":54},[44,64800,2992],{"class":58},[44,64802,279],{"class":278},[44,64804,184],{"class":282},[44,64806,279],{"class":278},[44,64808,66],{"class":58},[44,64810,290],{"class":278},[44,64812,563],{"class":282},[44,64814,279],{"class":278},[44,64816,66],{"class":58},[44,64818,290],{"class":278},[44,64820,583],{"class":282},[44,64822,279],{"class":278},[44,64824,66],{"class":58},[44,64826,290],{"class":278},[44,64828,563],{"class":282},[44,64830,279],{"class":278},[44,64832,66],{"class":58},[44,64834,290],{"class":278},[44,64836,663],{"class":282},[44,64838,279],{"class":278},[44,64840,3005],{"class":58},[44,64842,64843],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64844,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,64846,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863,64865,64867],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64848,106],{"class":105},[44,64850,93],{"class":58},[44,64852,572],{"class":89},[44,64854,86],{"class":58},[44,64856,35214],{"class":89},[44,64858,93],{"class":58},[44,64860,279],{"class":278},[44,64862,563],{"class":282},[44,64864,279],{"class":278},[44,64866,4737],{"class":58},[44,64868,64869],{"class":3034},"        # first match\n",[44,64871,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,64873,106],{"class":105},[44,64875,93],{"class":58},[44,64877,572],{"class":89},[44,64879,86],{"class":58},[44,64881,35214],{"class":89},[44,64883,93],{"class":58},[44,64885,279],{"class":278},[44,64887,563],{"class":282},[44,64889,279],{"class":278},[44,64891,66],{"class":58},[44,64893,69],{"class":62},[44,64895,4737],{"class":58},[44,64897,64898],{"class":3034},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,64900,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,64902,106],{"class":105},[44,64904,93],{"class":58},[44,64906,572],{"class":89},[44,64908,86],{"class":58},[44,64910,35214],{"class":89},[44,64912,93],{"class":58},[44,64914,279],{"class":278},[44,64916,563],{"class":282},[44,64918,279],{"class":278},[44,64920,66],{"class":58},[44,64922,4874],{"class":62},[44,64924,66],{"class":58},[44,64926,143],{"class":62},[44,64928,4737],{"class":58},[44,64930,64931],{"class":3034},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,64933,118],{},[35,64935,64937],{"className":37,"code":64936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,64938,64939,64943,64947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64940,64941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64942,46288],{"class":62},[44,64944,64945],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,64946,45988],{"class":62},[44,64948,64949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64950,46288],{"class":62},[20,64952,64953],{},"How this works:",[165,64955,64956,64968,64981],{},[168,64957,64958,64961,64962,64965,64966],{},[15,64959,64960],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,64963,64964],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,64967,63],{},[168,64969,64970,64973,64974,64976,64977,64965,64979],{},[15,64971,64972],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,64975,472],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,64978,64964],{},[15,64980,1433],{},[168,64982,64983,64986,64987,1561,64989,16441,64991],{},[15,64984,64985],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,64988,63],{},[15,64990,472],{},[15,64992,1433],{},[20,64994,64995],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,64997,64999],{"id":64998},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65001,65002,65003,86],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65004,40072],{},[20,65006,894],{},[35,65008,65010],{"className":37,"code":65009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65011,65012,65044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65013,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040,65042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65015,904],{"class":50},[44,65017,55],{"class":54},[44,65019,2992],{"class":58},[44,65021,279],{"class":278},[44,65023,3450],{"class":282},[44,65025,279],{"class":278},[44,65027,66],{"class":58},[44,65029,290],{"class":278},[44,65031,3459],{"class":282},[44,65033,279],{"class":278},[44,65035,66],{"class":58},[44,65037,290],{"class":278},[44,65039,3468],{"class":282},[44,65041,279],{"class":278},[44,65043,3005],{"class":58},[44,65045,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65047,106],{"class":105},[44,65049,93],{"class":58},[44,65051,922],{"class":89},[44,65053,86],{"class":58},[44,65055,35214],{"class":89},[44,65057,93],{"class":58},[44,65059,279],{"class":278},[44,65061,32586],{"class":282},[44,65063,279],{"class":278},[44,65065,973],{"class":58},[20,65067,39022,65068,65071],{},[15,65069,65070],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65073,65074],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,65076,65078],{"className":37,"code":65077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65079,65080,65112,65125,65129,65142,65161,65167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65081,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65083,904],{"class":50},[44,65085,55],{"class":54},[44,65087,2992],{"class":58},[44,65089,279],{"class":278},[44,65091,3450],{"class":282},[44,65093,279],{"class":278},[44,65095,66],{"class":58},[44,65097,290],{"class":278},[44,65099,3459],{"class":282},[44,65101,279],{"class":278},[44,65103,66],{"class":58},[44,65105,290],{"class":278},[44,65107,3468],{"class":282},[44,65109,279],{"class":278},[44,65111,3005],{"class":58},[44,65113,65114,65117,65119,65121,65123],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65115,65116],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65118,55],{"class":54},[44,65120,290],{"class":278},[44,65122,32586],{"class":282},[44,65124,2727],{"class":278},[44,65126,65127],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65128,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,65130,65131,65133,65136,65138,65140],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,65132,6374],{"class":3246},[44,65134,65135],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,65137,3253],{"class":54},[44,65139,5342],{"class":50},[44,65141,5770],{"class":58},[44,65143,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154,65156,65159],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,65145,7447],{"class":105},[44,65147,93],{"class":58},[44,65149,922],{"class":89},[44,65151,86],{"class":58},[44,65153,35214],{"class":89},[44,65155,93],{"class":58},[44,65157,65158],{"class":89},"search_value",[44,65160,973],{"class":58},[44,65162,65163,65165],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,65164,26801],{"class":3246},[44,65166,5770],{"class":58},[44,65168,65169,65171,65173,65175,65178,65180],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,65170,7447],{"class":105},[44,65172,93],{"class":58},[44,65174,279],{"class":278},[44,65176,65177],{"class":282},"Item not found",[44,65179,279],{"class":278},[44,65181,99],{"class":58},[20,65183,118],{},[35,65185,65187],{"className":37,"code":65186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,65188,65189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65190,65191,65194,65196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65192,65193],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,65195,736],{"class":54},[44,65197,65198],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,65200,65201],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65203,65204,65205,86],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[184,65206,65208],{"href":65207},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,65210,3892],{"id":3891},[20,65212,20578,65213,1084],{},[15,65214,64234],{},[165,65216,65217,65235,65247,65307],{},[168,65218,25141,65219,727,65221,65224,65225,65227,65228,4535,65230,65232,65233,86],{},[15,65220,58337],{},[15,65222,65223],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9223,65226],{},"\nPython does ",[116,65229,736],{},[15,65231,65223],{},". It raises ",[15,65234,40072],{},[168,65236,65237,65238,65240,65243,65244,65246],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9223,65239],{},[15,65241,65242],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65245,64643],{},", not the value itself.",[168,65248,1123,65249,1264,65252,65254,65256,65257,16024,65259,65282,16012,65284],{},[15,65250,65251],{},"index[]",[15,65253,58337],{},[9223,65255],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9223,65258],{},[35,65260,65262],{"className":37,"code":65261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65263,65264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65265,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65267,922],{"class":50},[44,65269,86],{"class":58},[44,65271,35214],{"class":89},[44,65273,93],{"class":58},[44,65275,279],{"class":278},[44,65277,3459],{"class":282},[44,65279,279],{"class":278},[44,65281,99],{"class":58},[9223,65283],{},[35,65285,65287],{"className":37,"code":65286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65288,65289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65290,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65292,922],{"class":50},[44,65294,86],{"class":58},[44,65296,35214],{"class":1219},[44,65298,3270],{"class":58},[44,65300,279],{"class":278},[44,65302,3459],{"class":282},[44,65304,279],{"class":278},[44,65306,3005],{"class":58},[168,65308,65309,65310,65312,3766,65315,65317,65318],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9223,65311],{},[15,65313,65314],{},"\"3\"",[15,65316,1433],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,65319,65321],{"className":37,"code":65320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65322,65323,65343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65324,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65326,51],{"class":50},[44,65328,55],{"class":54},[44,65330,2992],{"class":58},[44,65332,63],{"class":62},[44,65334,66],{"class":58},[44,65336,69],{"class":62},[44,65338,66],{"class":58},[44,65340,74],{"class":62},[44,65342,3005],{"class":58},[44,65344,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65346,106],{"class":105},[44,65348,93],{"class":58},[44,65350,279],{"class":278},[44,65352,1433],{"class":282},[44,65354,279],{"class":278},[44,65356,20540],{"class":3246},[44,65358,3635],{"class":89},[44,65360,3031],{"class":58},[44,65362,4144],{"class":3034},[20,65364,65365],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,65367,65369],{"className":37,"code":65368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65370,65371,65381,65395,65409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65372,65373,65375,65377,65379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65374,106],{"class":105},[44,65376,93],{"class":58},[44,65378,7717],{"class":89},[44,65380,99],{"class":58},[44,65382,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65384,106],{"class":105},[44,65386,93],{"class":58},[44,65388,1090],{"class":909},[44,65390,93],{"class":58},[44,65392,65158],{"class":89},[44,65394,973],{"class":58},[44,65396,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65398,106],{"class":105},[44,65400,93],{"class":58},[44,65402,65116],{"class":89},[44,65404,3253],{"class":3246},[44,65406,7774],{"class":89},[44,65408,99],{"class":58},[44,65410,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,65412,106],{"class":105},[44,65414,93],{"class":58},[44,65416,7717],{"class":89},[44,65418,86],{"class":58},[44,65420,35214],{"class":89},[44,65422,93],{"class":58},[44,65424,65158],{"class":89},[44,65426,973],{"class":58},[20,65428,65429],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65431,65432],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[165,65434,65435,65438,65445,65451],{},[168,65436,65437],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[168,65439,65440,65441,1264,65443],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65442,65314],{},[15,65444,1433],{},[168,65446,65447,65448,65450],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65449,58337],{}," returns only the first one",[168,65452,65453],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,65455,4334,65457],{"id":65456},"when-to-use-index",[15,65458,58337],{},[20,65460,148,65461,9977],{},[15,65462,58337],{},[165,65464,65465,65468,65471],{},[168,65466,65467],{},"You need the position of a known value",[168,65469,65470],{},"You are working with a small list",[168,65472,65473],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65475,65476],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,65478,1235],{"id":1234},[693,65480,4516,65482,4519],{"id":65481},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65483,64234],{},[20,65485,65486],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[693,65488,1239,65490,4535,65492,65494],{"id":65489},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65491,64234],{},[15,65493,65223],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65496,65497,65498,6007],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65499,40072],{},[693,65501,4544,65503,65505],{"id":65502},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65504,64234],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65507,65508],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[693,65510,65512,65513,1863],{"id":65511},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65514,58337],{},[20,65516,65517,65518,3766,65520,65522],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65519,35441],{},[15,65521,52032],{}," arguments.",[30,65524,1279],{"id":1278},[165,65526,65527,65531,65535,65539],{},[168,65528,65529],{},[184,65530,58325],{"href":64664},[168,65532,65533],{},[184,65534,52143],{"href":53941},[168,65536,65537],{},[184,65538,65208],{"href":65207},[168,65540,65541],{},[184,65542,54891,65543,718],{"href":58396},[15,65544,56659],{},[1304,65546,65547],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":65549},[65550,65551,65553,65554,65555,65556,65557,65559,65560,65561,65563,65573],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":64331,"depth":80,"text":65552},"What list.index() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":37387,"depth":80,"text":37388},{"id":64539,"depth":80,"text":64540},{"id":64668,"depth":80,"text":64669},{"id":64775,"depth":80,"text":65558},"Using start and end",{"id":64998,"depth":80,"text":64999},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892},{"id":65456,"depth":80,"text":65562},"When to use index()",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":65564},[65565,65567,65569,65571],{"id":65481,"depth":102,"text":65566},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65489,"depth":102,"text":65568},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65502,"depth":102,"text":65570},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65511,"depth":102,"text":65572},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64222,"description":65574},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65581,"title":65582,"body":65583,"description":67525,"extension":1334,"meta":67526,"navigation":322,"path":67527,"seo":67528,"stem":67529,"__hash__":67530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65584,"toc":67485},[65585,65590,65595,65598,65607,65664,65670,65675,65679,65693,65699,65701,65724,65741,65743,65804,65806,65838,65851,65853,65856,65956,65958,66036,66042,66046,66054,66058,66064,66119,66121,66145,66149,66152,66205,66207,66231,66235,66238,66291,66293,66317,66321,66327,66398,66400,66441,66447,66454,66457,66462,66470,66475,66483,66485,66582,66584,66653,66660,66665,66667,66671,66676,66678,66749,66751,66780,66786,66788,66815,66818,66841,66845,66848,66870,66873,66896,66898,66958,66960,66992,66998,67003,67056,67058,67083,67086,67135,67137,67158,67162,67167,67170,67225,67227,67254,67261,67265,67270,67341,67344,67358,67363,67368,67370,67384,67396,67401,67403,67408,67413,67417,67420,67426,67432,67439,67447,67449,67482],[10,65586,53713,65588,18],{"id":65587},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65589,53639],{},[20,65591,65592,65594],{},[15,65593,53282],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65596,65597],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65599,148,65600,65602,65603,86],{},[15,65601,53639],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[184,65604,54891,65605,718],{"href":56137},[15,65606,1144],{},[35,65608,65610],{"className":37,"code":65609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65611,65612,65632,65650,65660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65613,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65615,51],{"class":50},[44,65617,55],{"class":54},[44,65619,2992],{"class":58},[44,65621,63],{"class":62},[44,65623,66],{"class":58},[44,65625,69],{"class":62},[44,65627,66],{"class":58},[44,65629,143],{"class":62},[44,65631,3005],{"class":58},[44,65633,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65635,83],{"class":50},[44,65637,86],{"class":58},[44,65639,53322],{"class":89},[44,65641,93],{"class":58},[44,65643,472],{"class":62},[44,65645,66],{"class":58},[44,65647,74],{"class":62},[44,65649,99],{"class":58},[44,65651,65652,65654,65656,65658],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65653,106],{"class":105},[44,65655,93],{"class":58},[44,65657,83],{"class":89},[44,65659,99],{"class":58},[44,65661,65662],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,65663,52095],{"class":3034},[20,65665,148,65666,65669],{},[15,65667,65668],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,65671,155,65673,158],{"id":65672},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65674,53282],{},[20,65676,65677,1084],{},[15,65678,53282],{},[165,65680,65681,65684,65687,65689],{},[168,65682,65683],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[168,65685,65686],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[168,65688,53799],{},[168,65690,10799,65691],{},[15,65692,730],{},[20,65694,65695,65696,65698],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65697,53639],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,65700,4807],{"id":4806},[35,65702,65704],{"className":37,"code":65703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65705,65706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65707,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65709,7717],{"class":50},[44,65711,86],{"class":58},[44,65713,53322],{"class":89},[44,65715,93],{"class":58},[44,65717,35214],{"class":89},[44,65719,66],{"class":58},[44,65721,28875],{"class":89},[44,65723,99],{"class":58},[165,65725,65726,65731,65736],{},[168,65727,65728,65730],{},[15,65729,35214],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[168,65732,65733,65735],{},[15,65734,215],{}," is the value to add",[168,65737,65738,65739],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65740,1491],{},[20,65742,894],{},[35,65744,65746],{"className":37,"code":65745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65747,65748,65772,65794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65749,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768,65770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65751,546],{"class":50},[44,65753,55],{"class":54},[44,65755,2992],{"class":58},[44,65757,279],{"class":278},[44,65759,184],{"class":282},[44,65761,279],{"class":278},[44,65763,66],{"class":58},[44,65765,290],{"class":278},[44,65767,583],{"class":282},[44,65769,279],{"class":278},[44,65771,3005],{"class":58},[44,65773,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65775,572],{"class":50},[44,65777,86],{"class":58},[44,65779,53322],{"class":89},[44,65781,93],{"class":58},[44,65783,63],{"class":62},[44,65785,66],{"class":58},[44,65787,290],{"class":278},[44,65789,563],{"class":282},[44,65791,279],{"class":278},[44,65793,99],{"class":58},[44,65795,65796,65798,65800,65802],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65797,106],{"class":105},[44,65799,93],{"class":58},[44,65801,572],{"class":89},[44,65803,99],{"class":58},[20,65805,118],{},[35,65807,65808],{"className":37,"code":42245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65809,65810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65811,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65813,3270],{"class":58},[44,65815,351],{"class":278},[44,65817,184],{"class":282},[44,65819,351],{"class":278},[44,65821,66],{"class":58},[44,65823,360],{"class":278},[44,65825,563],{"class":282},[44,65827,351],{"class":278},[44,65829,66],{"class":58},[44,65831,360],{"class":278},[44,65833,583],{"class":282},[44,65835,351],{"class":278},[44,65837,3005],{"class":58},[20,65839,20137,65840,65842,65843,65845,65846,3766,65848,86],{},[15,65841,64964],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65844,63],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65847,17462],{},[15,65849,65850],{},"\"c\"",[30,65852,5163],{"id":5162},[20,65854,65855],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,65857,65859],{"className":37,"code":65858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65860,65861,65893,65911,65915,65937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65862,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65864,271],{"class":50},[44,65866,55],{"class":54},[44,65868,2992],{"class":58},[44,65870,279],{"class":278},[44,65872,283],{"class":282},[44,65874,279],{"class":278},[44,65876,66],{"class":58},[44,65878,290],{"class":278},[44,65880,293],{"class":282},[44,65882,279],{"class":278},[44,65884,66],{"class":58},[44,65886,290],{"class":278},[44,65888,313],{"class":282},[44,65890,279],{"class":278},[44,65892,3005],{"class":58},[44,65894,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65896,106],{"class":105},[44,65898,93],{"class":58},[44,65900,279],{"class":278},[44,65902,10936],{"class":282},[44,65904,279],{"class":278},[44,65906,66],{"class":58},[44,65908,12494],{"class":89},[44,65910,99],{"class":58},[44,65912,65913],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65914,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,65916,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,65918,302],{"class":50},[44,65920,86],{"class":58},[44,65922,53322],{"class":89},[44,65924,93],{"class":58},[44,65926,63],{"class":62},[44,65928,66],{"class":58},[44,65930,290],{"class":278},[44,65932,21891],{"class":282},[44,65934,279],{"class":278},[44,65936,99],{"class":58},[44,65938,65939,65941,65943,65945,65948,65950,65952,65954],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,65940,106],{"class":105},[44,65942,93],{"class":58},[44,65944,279],{"class":278},[44,65946,65947],{"class":282},"After: ",[44,65949,279],{"class":278},[44,65951,66],{"class":58},[44,65953,12494],{"class":89},[44,65955,99],{"class":58},[20,65957,118],{},[35,65959,65961],{"className":37,"code":65960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,65962,65963,65995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65964,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65966,10996],{"class":50},[44,65968,1084],{"class":58},[44,65970,2992],{"class":58},[44,65972,351],{"class":278},[44,65974,283],{"class":282},[44,65976,351],{"class":278},[44,65978,66],{"class":58},[44,65980,360],{"class":278},[44,65982,293],{"class":282},[44,65984,351],{"class":278},[44,65986,66],{"class":58},[44,65988,360],{"class":278},[44,65990,313],{"class":282},[44,65992,351],{"class":278},[44,65994,3005],{"class":58},[44,65996,65997,65999,66001,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032,66034],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,65998,11049],{"class":50},[44,66000,1084],{"class":58},[44,66002,66003],{"class":58},"  [",[44,66005,351],{"class":278},[44,66007,283],{"class":282},[44,66009,351],{"class":278},[44,66011,66],{"class":58},[44,66013,360],{"class":278},[44,66015,21891],{"class":282},[44,66017,351],{"class":278},[44,66019,66],{"class":58},[44,66021,360],{"class":278},[44,66023,293],{"class":282},[44,66025,351],{"class":278},[44,66027,66],{"class":58},[44,66029,360],{"class":278},[44,66031,313],{"class":282},[44,66033,351],{"class":278},[44,66035,3005],{"class":58},[20,66037,66038,66039,66041],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66040,63],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,66043,66045],{"id":66044},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66047,1351,66048,34697,66050,66053],{},[15,66049,35214],{},[15,66051,66052],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[693,66055,66057],{"id":66056},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66059,66060,66061,66063],{},"Use index ",[15,66062,1491],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66065,66067],{"className":37,"code":66066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66068,66069,66090,66109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66070,66071,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66072,66073],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66075,55],{"class":54},[44,66077,2992],{"class":58},[44,66079,472],{"class":62},[44,66081,66],{"class":58},[44,66083,74],{"class":62},[44,66085,66],{"class":58},[44,66087,143],{"class":62},[44,66089,3005],{"class":58},[44,66091,66092,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66093,66094],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66096,86],{"class":58},[44,66098,53322],{"class":89},[44,66100,93],{"class":58},[44,66102,1491],{"class":62},[44,66104,66],{"class":58},[44,66106,4874],{"class":62},[44,66108,99],{"class":58},[44,66110,66111,66113,66115,66117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66112,106],{"class":105},[44,66114,93],{"class":58},[44,66116,66094],{"class":89},[44,66118,99],{"class":58},[20,66120,118],{},[35,66122,66123],{"className":37,"code":52876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66124,66125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66126,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66128,3270],{"class":58},[44,66130,63],{"class":62},[44,66132,66],{"class":58},[44,66134,69],{"class":62},[44,66136,66],{"class":58},[44,66138,74],{"class":62},[44,66140,66],{"class":58},[44,66142,143],{"class":62},[44,66144,3005],{"class":58},[693,66146,66148],{"id":66147},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66150,66151],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,66153,66155],{"className":37,"code":66154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66156,66157,66177,66195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66158,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66160,66073],{"class":50},[44,66162,55],{"class":54},[44,66164,2992],{"class":58},[44,66166,63],{"class":62},[44,66168,66],{"class":58},[44,66170,69],{"class":62},[44,66172,66],{"class":58},[44,66174,143],{"class":62},[44,66176,3005],{"class":58},[44,66178,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189,66191,66193],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66180,66094],{"class":50},[44,66182,86],{"class":58},[44,66184,53322],{"class":89},[44,66186,93],{"class":58},[44,66188,472],{"class":62},[44,66190,66],{"class":58},[44,66192,74],{"class":62},[44,66194,99],{"class":58},[44,66196,66197,66199,66201,66203],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66198,106],{"class":105},[44,66200,93],{"class":58},[44,66202,66094],{"class":89},[44,66204,99],{"class":58},[20,66206,118],{},[35,66208,66209],{"className":37,"code":52876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66210,66211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66212,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66214,3270],{"class":58},[44,66216,63],{"class":62},[44,66218,66],{"class":58},[44,66220,69],{"class":62},[44,66222,66],{"class":58},[44,66224,74],{"class":62},[44,66226,66],{"class":58},[44,66228,143],{"class":62},[44,66230,3005],{"class":58},[693,66232,66234],{"id":66233},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66236,66237],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,66239,66241],{"className":37,"code":66240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66242,66243,66263,66281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66244,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66246,66073],{"class":50},[44,66248,55],{"class":54},[44,66250,2992],{"class":58},[44,66252,63],{"class":62},[44,66254,66],{"class":58},[44,66256,69],{"class":62},[44,66258,66],{"class":58},[44,66260,74],{"class":62},[44,66262,3005],{"class":58},[44,66264,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66266,66094],{"class":50},[44,66268,86],{"class":58},[44,66270,53322],{"class":89},[44,66272,93],{"class":58},[44,66274,931],{"class":62},[44,66276,66],{"class":58},[44,66278,143],{"class":62},[44,66280,99],{"class":58},[44,66282,66283,66285,66287,66289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66284,106],{"class":105},[44,66286,93],{"class":58},[44,66288,66094],{"class":89},[44,66290,99],{"class":58},[20,66292,118],{},[35,66294,66295],{"className":37,"code":52876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66296,66297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66298,66299,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66300,3270],{"class":58},[44,66302,63],{"class":62},[44,66304,66],{"class":58},[44,66306,69],{"class":62},[44,66308,66],{"class":58},[44,66310,74],{"class":62},[44,66312,66],{"class":58},[44,66314,143],{"class":62},[44,66316,3005],{"class":58},[693,66318,66320],{"id":66319},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66322,66323,66324,66326],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66325,53639],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,66328,66330],{"className":37,"code":66329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66331,66332,66364,66388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66333,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66335,546],{"class":50},[44,66337,55],{"class":54},[44,66339,2992],{"class":58},[44,66341,279],{"class":278},[44,66343,184],{"class":282},[44,66345,279],{"class":278},[44,66347,66],{"class":58},[44,66349,290],{"class":278},[44,66351,563],{"class":282},[44,66353,279],{"class":278},[44,66355,66],{"class":58},[44,66357,290],{"class":278},[44,66359,663],{"class":282},[44,66361,279],{"class":278},[44,66363,3005],{"class":58},[44,66365,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66367,572],{"class":50},[44,66369,86],{"class":58},[44,66371,53322],{"class":89},[44,66373,93],{"class":58},[44,66375,1393],{"class":54},[44,66377,63],{"class":62},[44,66379,66],{"class":58},[44,66381,290],{"class":278},[44,66383,583],{"class":282},[44,66385,279],{"class":278},[44,66387,99],{"class":58},[44,66389,66390,66392,66394,66396],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66391,106],{"class":105},[44,66393,93],{"class":58},[44,66395,572],{"class":89},[44,66397,99],{"class":58},[20,66399,118],{},[35,66401,66403],{"className":37,"code":66402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66404,66405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66406,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66408,3270],{"class":58},[44,66410,351],{"class":278},[44,66412,184],{"class":282},[44,66414,351],{"class":278},[44,66416,66],{"class":58},[44,66418,360],{"class":278},[44,66420,563],{"class":282},[44,66422,351],{"class":278},[44,66424,66],{"class":58},[44,66426,360],{"class":278},[44,66428,583],{"class":282},[44,66430,351],{"class":278},[44,66432,66],{"class":58},[44,66434,360],{"class":278},[44,66436,663],{"class":282},[44,66438,351],{"class":278},[44,66440,3005],{"class":58},[20,66442,66443,66444,1677],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[184,66445,66446],{"href":50352},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,66448,66450,525,66452],{"id":66449},"insert-vs-append",[15,66451,53639],{},[15,66453,1144],{},[20,66455,66456],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[693,66458,148,66460,9977],{"id":66459},"use-insert-when",[15,66461,53639],{},[165,66463,66464,66467],{},[168,66465,66466],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[168,66468,66469],{},"The order of the list matters",[693,66471,148,66473,9977],{"id":66472},"use-append-when",[15,66474,1144],{},[165,66476,66477,66480],{},[168,66478,66479],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[168,66481,66482],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66484,894],{},[35,66486,66488],{"className":37,"code":66487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66489,66490,66514,66518,66540,66550,66554,66572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66491,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66493,904],{"class":50},[44,66495,55],{"class":54},[44,66497,2992],{"class":58},[44,66499,279],{"class":278},[44,66501,3450],{"class":282},[44,66503,279],{"class":278},[44,66505,66],{"class":58},[44,66507,290],{"class":278},[44,66509,32586],{"class":282},[44,66511,279],{"class":278},[44,66513,3005],{"class":58},[44,66515,66516],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66517,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,66519,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66521,922],{"class":50},[44,66523,86],{"class":58},[44,66525,53322],{"class":89},[44,66527,93],{"class":58},[44,66529,63],{"class":62},[44,66531,66],{"class":58},[44,66533,290],{"class":278},[44,66535,3459],{"class":282},[44,66537,279],{"class":278},[44,66539,99],{"class":58},[44,66541,66542,66544,66546,66548],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,66543,106],{"class":105},[44,66545,93],{"class":58},[44,66547,922],{"class":89},[44,66549,99],{"class":58},[44,66551,66552],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,66553,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,66557,922],{"class":50},[44,66559,86],{"class":58},[44,66561,12924],{"class":89},[44,66563,93],{"class":58},[44,66565,279],{"class":278},[44,66567,21900],{"class":282},[44,66569,279],{"class":278},[44,66571,99],{"class":58},[44,66573,66574,66576,66578,66580],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,66575,106],{"class":105},[44,66577,93],{"class":58},[44,66579,922],{"class":89},[44,66581,99],{"class":58},[20,66583,118],{},[35,66585,66587],{"className":37,"code":66586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66588,66589,66617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66590,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66592,3270],{"class":58},[44,66594,351],{"class":278},[44,66596,3450],{"class":282},[44,66598,351],{"class":278},[44,66600,66],{"class":58},[44,66602,360],{"class":278},[44,66604,3459],{"class":282},[44,66606,351],{"class":278},[44,66608,66],{"class":58},[44,66610,360],{"class":278},[44,66612,32586],{"class":282},[44,66614,351],{"class":278},[44,66616,3005],{"class":58},[44,66618,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66620,3270],{"class":58},[44,66622,351],{"class":278},[44,66624,3450],{"class":282},[44,66626,351],{"class":278},[44,66628,66],{"class":58},[44,66630,360],{"class":278},[44,66632,3459],{"class":282},[44,66634,351],{"class":278},[44,66636,66],{"class":58},[44,66638,360],{"class":278},[44,66640,32586],{"class":282},[44,66642,351],{"class":278},[44,66644,66],{"class":58},[44,66646,360],{"class":278},[44,66648,21900],{"class":282},[44,66650,351],{"class":278},[44,66652,3005],{"class":58},[20,66654,66655,66656,86],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[184,66657,54891,66658,718],{"href":56137},[15,66659,1144],{},[20,66661,66662,66663,86],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[184,66664,1231],{"href":52420},[30,66666,3892],{"id":3891},[20,66668,1116,66669,86],{},[15,66670,53639],{},[693,66672,11967,66674],{"id":66673},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66675,53639],{},[20,66677,25057],{},[35,66679,66681],{"className":37,"code":66680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66682,66683,66703,66725,66729,66739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66684,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66686,51],{"class":50},[44,66688,55],{"class":54},[44,66690,2992],{"class":58},[44,66692,63],{"class":62},[44,66694,66],{"class":58},[44,66696,69],{"class":62},[44,66698,66],{"class":58},[44,66700,74],{"class":62},[44,66702,3005],{"class":58},[44,66704,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66706,1602],{"class":50},[44,66708,55],{"class":54},[44,66710,3635],{"class":50},[44,66712,86],{"class":58},[44,66714,53322],{"class":89},[44,66716,93],{"class":58},[44,66718,63],{"class":62},[44,66720,66],{"class":58},[44,66722,9574],{"class":62},[44,66724,99],{"class":58},[44,66726,66727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66728,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,66730,66731,66733,66735,66737],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,66732,106],{"class":105},[44,66734,93],{"class":58},[44,66736,1637],{"class":89},[44,66738,99],{"class":58},[44,66740,66741,66743,66745,66747],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,66742,106],{"class":105},[44,66744,93],{"class":58},[44,66746,83],{"class":89},[44,66748,99],{"class":58},[20,66750,118],{},[35,66752,66754],{"className":37,"code":66753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66755,66756,66760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66757,66758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66759,864],{"class":871},[44,66761,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66763,3270],{"class":58},[44,66765,63],{"class":62},[44,66767,66],{"class":58},[44,66769,9574],{"class":62},[44,66771,66],{"class":58},[44,66773,69],{"class":62},[44,66775,66],{"class":58},[44,66777,74],{"class":62},[44,66779,3005],{"class":58},[20,66781,66782,53524,66784,86],{},[15,66783,53639],{},[15,66785,730],{},[20,66787,16012],{},[35,66789,66791],{"className":37,"code":66790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66792,66793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66794,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66796,55261],{"class":50},[44,66798,55],{"class":54},[44,66800,3635],{"class":50},[44,66802,86],{"class":58},[44,66804,53322],{"class":89},[44,66806,93],{"class":58},[44,66808,63],{"class":62},[44,66810,66],{"class":58},[44,66812,9574],{"class":62},[44,66814,99],{"class":58},[20,66816,66817],{},"Right:",[35,66819,66821],{"className":37,"code":66820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66822,66823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66824,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66826,83],{"class":50},[44,66828,86],{"class":58},[44,66830,53322],{"class":89},[44,66832,93],{"class":58},[44,66834,63],{"class":62},[44,66836,66],{"class":58},[44,66838,9574],{"class":62},[44,66840,99],{"class":58},[693,66842,66844],{"id":66843},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66846,66847],{},"The correct order is:",[35,66849,66850],{"className":37,"code":65703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66851,66852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66853,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66855,7717],{"class":50},[44,66857,86],{"class":58},[44,66859,53322],{"class":89},[44,66861,93],{"class":58},[44,66863,35214],{"class":89},[44,66865,66],{"class":58},[44,66867,28875],{"class":89},[44,66869,99],{"class":58},[20,66871,66872],{},"Not:",[35,66874,66876],{"className":37,"code":66875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66877,66878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66879,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66881,7717],{"class":50},[44,66883,86],{"class":58},[44,66885,53322],{"class":89},[44,66887,93],{"class":58},[44,66889,215],{"class":89},[44,66891,66],{"class":58},[44,66893,35189],{"class":89},[44,66895,99],{"class":58},[20,66897,894],{},[35,66899,66900],{"className":37,"code":65745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66901,66902,66926,66948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66903,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66905,546],{"class":50},[44,66907,55],{"class":54},[44,66909,2992],{"class":58},[44,66911,279],{"class":278},[44,66913,184],{"class":282},[44,66915,279],{"class":278},[44,66917,66],{"class":58},[44,66919,290],{"class":278},[44,66921,583],{"class":282},[44,66923,279],{"class":278},[44,66925,3005],{"class":58},[44,66927,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,66929,572],{"class":50},[44,66931,86],{"class":58},[44,66933,53322],{"class":89},[44,66935,93],{"class":58},[44,66937,63],{"class":62},[44,66939,66],{"class":58},[44,66941,290],{"class":278},[44,66943,563],{"class":282},[44,66945,279],{"class":278},[44,66947,99],{"class":58},[44,66949,66950,66952,66954,66956],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66951,106],{"class":105},[44,66953,93],{"class":58},[44,66955,572],{"class":89},[44,66957,99],{"class":58},[20,66959,118],{},[35,66961,66962],{"className":37,"code":42245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66963,66964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66965,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66967,3270],{"class":58},[44,66969,351],{"class":278},[44,66971,184],{"class":282},[44,66973,351],{"class":278},[44,66975,66],{"class":58},[44,66977,360],{"class":278},[44,66979,563],{"class":282},[44,66981,351],{"class":278},[44,66983,66],{"class":58},[44,66985,360],{"class":278},[44,66987,583],{"class":282},[44,66989,351],{"class":278},[44,66991,3005],{"class":58},[693,66993,1129,66995,66997],{"id":66994},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,66996,53639],{}," to replace an item",[20,66999,67000,67002],{},[15,67001,53639],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,67004,67006],{"className":37,"code":67005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67007,67008,67028,67046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67009,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67011,51],{"class":50},[44,67013,55],{"class":54},[44,67015,2992],{"class":58},[44,67017,63],{"class":62},[44,67019,66],{"class":58},[44,67021,69],{"class":62},[44,67023,66],{"class":58},[44,67025,74],{"class":62},[44,67027,3005],{"class":58},[44,67029,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67031,83],{"class":50},[44,67033,86],{"class":58},[44,67035,53322],{"class":89},[44,67037,93],{"class":58},[44,67039,63],{"class":62},[44,67041,66],{"class":58},[44,67043,9574],{"class":62},[44,67045,99],{"class":58},[44,67047,67048,67050,67052,67054],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67049,106],{"class":105},[44,67051,93],{"class":58},[44,67053,83],{"class":89},[44,67055,99],{"class":58},[20,67057,118],{},[35,67059,67061],{"className":37,"code":67060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67062,67063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67064,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67066,3270],{"class":58},[44,67068,63],{"class":62},[44,67070,66],{"class":58},[44,67072,9574],{"class":62},[44,67074,66],{"class":58},[44,67076,69],{"class":62},[44,67078,66],{"class":58},[44,67080,74],{"class":62},[44,67082,3005],{"class":58},[20,67084,67085],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67087,67089],{"className":37,"code":67088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67090,67091,67111,67125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67092,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67094,51],{"class":50},[44,67096,55],{"class":54},[44,67098,2992],{"class":58},[44,67100,63],{"class":62},[44,67102,66],{"class":58},[44,67104,69],{"class":62},[44,67106,66],{"class":58},[44,67108,74],{"class":62},[44,67110,3005],{"class":58},[44,67112,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67114,83],{"class":50},[44,67116,3270],{"class":58},[44,67118,63],{"class":62},[44,67120,12644],{"class":58},[44,67122,12647],{"class":54},[44,67124,13502],{"class":62},[44,67126,67127,67129,67131,67133],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67128,106],{"class":105},[44,67130,93],{"class":58},[44,67132,83],{"class":89},[44,67134,99],{"class":58},[20,67136,118],{},[35,67138,67140],{"className":37,"code":67139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67141,67142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67143,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67145,3270],{"class":58},[44,67147,63],{"class":62},[44,67149,66],{"class":58},[44,67151,9574],{"class":62},[44,67153,66],{"class":58},[44,67155,74],{"class":62},[44,67157,3005],{"class":58},[693,67159,67161],{"id":67160},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67163,67164,67166],{},[15,67165,53639],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67168,67169],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,67171,67173],{"className":37,"code":67172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67174,67175,67191,67215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67176,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67178,51],{"class":50},[44,67180,55],{"class":54},[44,67182,2992],{"class":58},[44,67184,63],{"class":62},[44,67186,66],{"class":58},[44,67188,143],{"class":62},[44,67190,3005],{"class":58},[44,67192,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67194,83],{"class":50},[44,67196,86],{"class":58},[44,67198,53322],{"class":89},[44,67200,93],{"class":58},[44,67202,63],{"class":62},[44,67204,66],{"class":58},[44,67206,2992],{"class":58},[44,67208,472],{"class":62},[44,67210,66],{"class":58},[44,67212,74],{"class":62},[44,67214,677],{"class":58},[44,67216,67217,67219,67221,67223],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67218,106],{"class":105},[44,67220,93],{"class":58},[44,67222,83],{"class":89},[44,67224,99],{"class":58},[20,67226,118],{},[35,67228,67230],{"className":37,"code":67229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67231,67232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67233,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67235,3270],{"class":58},[44,67237,63],{"class":62},[44,67239,66],{"class":58},[44,67241,2992],{"class":58},[44,67243,472],{"class":62},[44,67245,66],{"class":58},[44,67247,74],{"class":62},[44,67249,17428],{"class":58},[44,67251,143],{"class":62},[44,67253,3005],{"class":58},[20,67255,67256,67257,86],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[184,67258,54891,67259,718],{"href":52715},[15,67260,52817],{},[693,67262,67264],{"id":67263},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67266,8253,67267,67269],{},[15,67268,53639],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,67271,67273],{"className":37,"code":67272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67274,67275,67285,67299,67317,67331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67276,67277,67279,67281,67283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67278,106],{"class":105},[44,67280,93],{"class":58},[44,67282,7717],{"class":89},[44,67284,99],{"class":58},[44,67286,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67288,106],{"class":105},[44,67290,93],{"class":58},[44,67292,10537],{"class":105},[44,67294,93],{"class":58},[44,67296,7717],{"class":89},[44,67298,973],{"class":58},[44,67300,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67302,106],{"class":105},[44,67304,93],{"class":58},[44,67306,7717],{"class":89},[44,67308,86],{"class":58},[44,67310,53322],{"class":1219},[44,67312,86],{"class":58},[44,67314,33812],{"class":33819},[44,67316,99],{"class":58},[44,67318,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,67320,1209],{"class":105},[44,67322,93],{"class":58},[44,67324,1097],{"class":909},[44,67326,86],{"class":58},[44,67328,53322],{"class":1219},[44,67330,99],{"class":58},[44,67332,67333,67335,67337,67339],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,67334,1090],{"class":909},[44,67336,93],{"class":58},[44,67338,7717],{"class":89},[44,67340,99],{"class":58},[20,67342,67343],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[165,67345,67346,67349,67352,67355],{},[168,67347,67348],{},"What is currently in the list",[168,67350,67351],{},"How long the list is",[168,67353,67354],{},"That you are working with a real list",[168,67356,67357],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,67359,4334,67361],{"id":67360},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67362,53639],{},[20,67364,148,67365,67367],{},[15,67366,53639],{}," when position matters.",[20,67369,35793],{},[165,67371,67372,67375,67378,67381],{},[168,67373,67374],{},"Ordered menus",[168,67376,67377],{},"Rankings or score lists",[168,67379,67380],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[168,67382,67383],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67385,67386,67387,67389,67390,67392,67393,67395],{},"You usually do ",[116,67388,736],{}," need ",[15,67391,53639],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67394,1144],{}," is simpler.",[20,67397,67398,67399,86],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[184,67400,56523],{"href":56522},[30,67402,1235],{"id":1234},[693,67404,1239,67406,54840],{"id":67405},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67407,53282],{},[20,67409,67410,67411,86],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67412,730],{},[693,67414,67416],{"id":67415},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67418,67419],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[693,67421,4544,67423,67425],{"id":67422},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67424,53282],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67427,67428,67429,67431],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67430,52817],{}," or slicing.",[693,67433,4554,67435,3766,67437,1863],{"id":67434},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67436,53639],{},[15,67438,1144],{},[20,67440,67441,67443,67444,67446],{},[15,67442,53639],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67445,1144],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,67448,1279],{"id":1278},[165,67450,67451,67457,67463,67467,67471,67475],{},[168,67452,67453],{},[184,67454,54891,67455,718],{"href":56137},[15,67456,1144],{},[168,67458,67459],{},[184,67460,54891,67461,718],{"href":52715},[15,67462,52817],{},[168,67464,67465],{},[184,67466,53649],{"href":52420},[168,67468,67469],{},[184,67470,52143],{"href":50352},[168,67472,67473],{},[184,67474,56597],{"href":56522},[168,67476,67477],{},[184,67478,29713,67479,32999],{"href":53667},[15,67480,67481],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1304,67483,67484],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":67486},[67487,67489,67490,67491,67497,67504,67513,67515,67524],{"id":65672,"depth":80,"text":67488},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4806,"depth":80,"text":4807},{"id":5162,"depth":80,"text":5163},{"id":66044,"depth":80,"text":66045,"children":67492},[67493,67494,67495,67496],{"id":66056,"depth":102,"text":66057},{"id":66147,"depth":102,"text":66148},{"id":66233,"depth":102,"text":66234},{"id":66319,"depth":102,"text":66320},{"id":66449,"depth":80,"text":67498,"children":67499},"insert() vs append()",[67500,67502],{"id":66459,"depth":102,"text":67501},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66472,"depth":102,"text":67503},"Use append() when:",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":67505},[67506,67508,67509,67511,67512],{"id":66673,"depth":102,"text":67507},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66843,"depth":102,"text":66844},{"id":66994,"depth":102,"text":67510},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67160,"depth":102,"text":67161},{"id":67263,"depth":102,"text":67264},{"id":67360,"depth":80,"text":67514},"When to use insert()",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":67516},[67517,67519,67520,67522],{"id":67405,"depth":102,"text":67518},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67415,"depth":102,"text":67416},{"id":67422,"depth":102,"text":67521},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67434,"depth":102,"text":67523},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65582,"description":67525},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67532,"title":67533,"body":67534,"description":69089,"extension":1334,"meta":69090,"navigation":322,"path":58342,"seo":69091,"stem":69092,"__hash__":69093},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67535,"toc":69062},[67536,67542,67551,67600,67602,67610,67616,67618,67636,67642,67647,67650,67653,67668,67670,67722,67724,67732,67740,67747,67749,67755,67820,67822,67830,67832,67851,67854,67905,67909,67914,67941,67943,67951,67954,68023,68025,68040,68046,68050,68059,68062,68117,68119,68127,68130,68132,68177,68179,68187,68193,68195,68203,68206,68208,68247,68249,68288,68293,68295,68297,68332,68335,68337,68375,68379,68385,68387,68438,68440,68448,68455,68458,68479,68482,68537,68548,68550,68611,68613,68622,68629,68635,68638,68641,68698,68701,68714,68721,68727,68733,68735,68748,68751,68848,68850,68867,68870,68952,68954,68976,68983,68989,68991,68995,69001,69007,69012,69016,69019,69025,69032,69034,69059],[10,67537,67539,67540,3031],{"id":67538},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67541,10537],{},[20,67543,67544,67545,67547,67548,67550],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67546,41730],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67549,41730],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,67552,67554],{"className":37,"code":67553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67555,67556,67576,67590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67557,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67559,51],{"class":50},[44,67561,55],{"class":54},[44,67563,2992],{"class":58},[44,67565,931],{"class":62},[44,67567,66],{"class":58},[44,67569,7168],{"class":62},[44,67571,66],{"class":58},[44,67573,7173],{"class":62},[44,67575,3005],{"class":58},[44,67577,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67579,40610],{"class":50},[44,67581,55],{"class":54},[44,67583,37754],{"class":105},[44,67585,93],{"class":58},[44,67587,83],{"class":89},[44,67589,99],{"class":58},[44,67591,67592,67594,67596,67598],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67593,106],{"class":105},[44,67595,93],{"class":58},[44,67597,40628],{"class":89},[44,67599,99],{"class":58},[20,67601,118],{},[35,67603,67604],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67605,67606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67607,67608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67609,45988],{"class":62},[20,67611,148,67612,67615],{},[15,67613,67614],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,67617,14533],{"id":14532},[165,67619,67620,67625,67630,67633],{},[168,67621,3570,67622,67624],{},[15,67623,41730],{}," works with Python lists",[168,67626,67627,67628,11078],{},"What value ",[15,67629,41730],{},[168,67631,67632],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[168,67634,67635],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,67637,155,67639,67641],{"id":67638},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67640,41730],{}," returns for a list",[20,67643,67644,64454],{},[15,67645,67646],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67648,67649],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67651,67652],{},"A few important points:",[165,67654,67655,67658,67663],{},[168,67656,67657],{},"It counts list items",[168,67659,40274,67660,67662],{},[116,67661,736],{}," count characters inside a string item",[168,67664,67665,67666],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67667,1491],{},[20,67669,894],{},[35,67671,67673],{"className":37,"code":67672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67674,67675,67708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67676,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67678,3441],{"class":50},[44,67680,55],{"class":54},[44,67682,2992],{"class":58},[44,67684,279],{"class":278},[44,67686,36415],{"class":282},[44,67688,279],{"class":278},[44,67690,66],{"class":58},[44,67692,290],{"class":278},[44,67694,67695],{"class":282},"elephant",[44,67697,279],{"class":278},[44,67699,66],{"class":58},[44,67701,290],{"class":278},[44,67703,57496],{"class":282},[44,67705,279],{"class":278},[44,67707,3005],{"class":58},[44,67709,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67711,106],{"class":105},[44,67713,93],{"class":58},[44,67715,10537],{"class":105},[44,67717,93],{"class":58},[44,67719,3485],{"class":89},[44,67721,973],{"class":58},[20,67723,118],{},[35,67725,67726],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67727,67728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67729,67730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67731,45988],{"class":62},[20,67733,20344,67734,67737,67738,64461],{},[15,67735,67736],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[116,67739,536],{},[20,67741,67742,67743,86],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[184,67744,2945,67745,2878],{"href":41727},[15,67746,41730],{},[30,67748,5163],{"id":5162},[20,67750,67751,67752,67754],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67753,41730],{},", and print the result.",[35,67756,67758],{"className":37,"code":67757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67759,67760,67792,67806,67810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67761,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67763,271],{"class":50},[44,67765,55],{"class":54},[44,67767,2992],{"class":58},[44,67769,279],{"class":278},[44,67771,283],{"class":282},[44,67773,279],{"class":278},[44,67775,66],{"class":58},[44,67777,290],{"class":278},[44,67779,313],{"class":282},[44,67781,279],{"class":278},[44,67783,66],{"class":58},[44,67785,290],{"class":278},[44,67787,293],{"class":282},[44,67789,279],{"class":278},[44,67791,3005],{"class":58},[44,67793,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67795,40610],{"class":50},[44,67797,55],{"class":54},[44,67799,37754],{"class":105},[44,67801,93],{"class":58},[44,67803,302],{"class":89},[44,67805,99],{"class":58},[44,67807,67808],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67809,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,67811,67812,67814,67816,67818],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,67813,106],{"class":105},[44,67815,93],{"class":58},[44,67817,40628],{"class":89},[44,67819,99],{"class":58},[20,67821,118],{},[35,67823,67824],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67825,67826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67827,67828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67829,45988],{"class":62},[20,67831,11056],{},[165,67833,67834,67839,67846],{},[168,67835,67836,67838],{},[15,67837,302],{}," is a list with 3 items",[168,67840,67841,727,67844],{},[15,67842,67843],{},"len(colors)",[15,67845,1433],{},[168,67847,67848,67849],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67850,40628],{},[20,67852,67853],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,67855,67857],{"className":37,"code":67856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67858,67859,67891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67860,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67862,271],{"class":50},[44,67864,55],{"class":54},[44,67866,2992],{"class":58},[44,67868,279],{"class":278},[44,67870,283],{"class":282},[44,67872,279],{"class":278},[44,67874,66],{"class":58},[44,67876,290],{"class":278},[44,67878,313],{"class":282},[44,67880,279],{"class":278},[44,67882,66],{"class":58},[44,67884,290],{"class":278},[44,67886,293],{"class":282},[44,67888,279],{"class":278},[44,67890,3005],{"class":58},[44,67892,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67894,106],{"class":105},[44,67896,93],{"class":58},[44,67898,10537],{"class":105},[44,67900,93],{"class":58},[44,67902,302],{"class":89},[44,67904,973],{"class":58},[30,67906,67908],{"id":67907},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67910,67911,67912,86],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67913,1491],{},[35,67915,67917],{"className":37,"code":67916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67918,67919,67927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67920,67921,67923,67925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67922,904],{"class":50},[44,67924,55],{"class":54},[44,67926,7216],{"class":58},[44,67928,67929,67931,67933,67935,67937,67939],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67930,106],{"class":105},[44,67932,93],{"class":58},[44,67934,10537],{"class":105},[44,67936,93],{"class":58},[44,67938,922],{"class":89},[44,67940,973],{"class":58},[20,67942,118],{},[35,67944,67945],{"className":37,"code":46623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67946,67947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67948,67949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67950,46623],{"class":62},[20,67952,67953],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,67955,67957],{"className":37,"code":67956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,67958,67959,67967,67971,67989,68003,68009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67960,67961,67963,67965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67962,904],{"class":50},[44,67964,55],{"class":54},[44,67966,7216],{"class":58},[44,67968,67969],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,67970,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,67972,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67974,6374],{"class":3246},[44,67976,37754],{"class":105},[44,67978,93],{"class":58},[44,67980,922],{"class":89},[44,67982,3031],{"class":58},[44,67984,37764],{"class":54},[44,67986,3204],{"class":62},[44,67988,5770],{"class":58},[44,67990,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,67992,7447],{"class":105},[44,67994,93],{"class":58},[44,67996,922],{"class":89},[44,67998,3270],{"class":58},[44,68000,1491],{"class":62},[44,68002,677],{"class":58},[44,68004,68005,68007],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,68006,26801],{"class":3246},[44,68008,5770],{"class":58},[44,68010,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,68012,7447],{"class":105},[44,68014,93],{"class":58},[44,68016,279],{"class":278},[44,68018,51189],{"class":282},[44,68020,279],{"class":278},[44,68022,99],{"class":58},[20,68024,118],{},[35,68026,68028],{"className":37,"code":68027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68029,68030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68031,68032,68034,68036,68038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68033,1351],{"class":50},[44,68035,1097],{"class":909},[44,68037,7474],{"class":54},[44,68039,7480],{"class":50},[20,68041,68042,68043,68045],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[184,68044,52143],{"href":50352}," is a good next step.",[30,68047,68049],{"id":68048},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68051,68052,68054,68055,68058],{},[15,68053,41730],{}," counts only the ",[116,68056,68057],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68060,68061],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68063,68065],{"className":37,"code":68064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68066,68067,68103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68068,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68070,8544],{"class":50},[44,68072,55],{"class":54},[44,68074,55664],{"class":58},[44,68076,63],{"class":62},[44,68078,66],{"class":58},[44,68080,69],{"class":62},[44,68082,17428],{"class":58},[44,68084,2992],{"class":58},[44,68086,1433],{"class":62},[44,68088,66],{"class":58},[44,68090,143],{"class":62},[44,68092,17428],{"class":58},[44,68094,2992],{"class":58},[44,68096,1508],{"class":62},[44,68098,66],{"class":58},[44,68100,37011],{"class":62},[44,68102,52613],{"class":58},[44,68104,68105,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68106,106],{"class":105},[44,68108,93],{"class":58},[44,68110,10537],{"class":105},[44,68112,93],{"class":58},[44,68114,8583],{"class":89},[44,68116,973],{"class":58},[20,68118,118],{},[35,68120,68121],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68122,68123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68124,68125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68126,45988],{"class":62},[20,68128,68129],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68131,51453],{},[35,68133,68135],{"className":37,"code":68134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68136,68137,68163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68138,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68140,58842],{"class":50},[44,68142,55],{"class":54},[44,68144,2992],{"class":58},[44,68146,63],{"class":62},[44,68148,66],{"class":58},[44,68150,2992],{"class":58},[44,68152,472],{"class":62},[44,68154,66],{"class":58},[44,68156,74],{"class":62},[44,68158,17428],{"class":58},[44,68160,143],{"class":62},[44,68162,3005],{"class":58},[44,68164,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68166,106],{"class":105},[44,68168,93],{"class":58},[44,68170,10537],{"class":105},[44,68172,93],{"class":58},[44,68174,58895],{"class":89},[44,68176,973],{"class":58},[20,68178,118],{},[35,68180,68181],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68182,68183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68184,68185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68186,45988],{"class":62},[20,68188,20344,68189,68192],{},[15,68190,68191],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,68194,3892],{"id":3891},[693,68196,1123,68198,1264,68201],{"id":68197},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68199,68200],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68202,67646],{},[20,68204,68205],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68207,16012],{},[35,68209,68211],{"className":37,"code":68210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68212,68213,68233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68214,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68216,51],{"class":50},[44,68218,55],{"class":54},[44,68220,2992],{"class":58},[44,68222,931],{"class":62},[44,68224,66],{"class":58},[44,68226,7168],{"class":62},[44,68228,66],{"class":58},[44,68230,7173],{"class":62},[44,68232,3005],{"class":58},[44,68234,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68236,106],{"class":105},[44,68238,93],{"class":58},[44,68240,83],{"class":89},[44,68242,86],{"class":58},[44,68244,10537],{"class":89},[44,68246,6571],{"class":58},[20,68248,16024],{},[35,68250,68252],{"className":37,"code":68251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68253,68254,68274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68255,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68257,51],{"class":50},[44,68259,55],{"class":54},[44,68261,2992],{"class":58},[44,68263,931],{"class":62},[44,68265,66],{"class":58},[44,68267,7168],{"class":62},[44,68269,66],{"class":58},[44,68271,7173],{"class":62},[44,68273,3005],{"class":58},[44,68275,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68277,106],{"class":105},[44,68279,93],{"class":58},[44,68281,10537],{"class":105},[44,68283,93],{"class":58},[44,68285,83],{"class":89},[44,68287,973],{"class":58},[20,68289,68290,68292],{},[15,68291,41730],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[693,68294,25054],{"id":25053},[20,68296,16012],{},[35,68298,68300],{"className":37,"code":68299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68301,68302,68322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68303,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316,68318,68320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68305,51],{"class":50},[44,68307,55],{"class":54},[44,68309,2992],{"class":58},[44,68311,931],{"class":62},[44,68313,66],{"class":58},[44,68315,7168],{"class":62},[44,68317,66],{"class":58},[44,68319,7173],{"class":62},[44,68321,3005],{"class":58},[44,68323,68324,68326,68328,68330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68325,106],{"class":105},[44,68327,93],{"class":58},[44,68329,10537],{"class":105},[44,68331,99],{"class":58},[20,68333,68334],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68336,16024],{},[35,68338,68339],{"className":37,"code":68251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68340,68341,68361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68342,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353,68355,68357,68359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68344,51],{"class":50},[44,68346,55],{"class":54},[44,68348,2992],{"class":58},[44,68350,931],{"class":62},[44,68352,66],{"class":58},[44,68354,7168],{"class":62},[44,68356,66],{"class":58},[44,68358,7173],{"class":62},[44,68360,3005],{"class":58},[44,68362,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68364,106],{"class":105},[44,68366,93],{"class":58},[44,68368,10537],{"class":105},[44,68370,93],{"class":58},[44,68372,83],{"class":89},[44,68374,973],{"class":58},[693,68376,68378],{"id":68377},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68380,68381,68382,68384],{},"The length of a list is ",[116,68383,736],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68386,894],{},[35,68388,68390],{"className":37,"code":68389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68391,68392,68424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68393,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68395,546],{"class":50},[44,68397,55],{"class":54},[44,68399,2992],{"class":58},[44,68401,279],{"class":278},[44,68403,184],{"class":282},[44,68405,279],{"class":278},[44,68407,66],{"class":58},[44,68409,290],{"class":278},[44,68411,563],{"class":282},[44,68413,279],{"class":278},[44,68415,66],{"class":58},[44,68417,290],{"class":278},[44,68419,583],{"class":282},[44,68421,279],{"class":278},[44,68423,3005],{"class":58},[44,68425,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68427,106],{"class":105},[44,68429,93],{"class":58},[44,68431,10537],{"class":105},[44,68433,93],{"class":58},[44,68435,572],{"class":89},[44,68437,973],{"class":58},[20,68439,118],{},[35,68441,68442],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68443,68444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68445,68446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68447,45988],{"class":62},[20,68449,68450,68451,18329,68453,86],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68452,472],{},[15,68454,1433],{},[20,68456,68457],{},"Indexes are:",[165,68459,68460,68467,68473],{},[168,68461,68462,68464,68465],{},[15,68463,1491],{}," for ",[15,68466,17462],{},[168,68468,68469,68464,68471],{},[15,68470,63],{},[15,68472,64964],{},[168,68474,68475,68464,68477],{},[15,68476,472],{},[15,68478,65850],{},[20,68480,68481],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,68483,68485],{"className":37,"code":68484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68486,68487,68519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68488,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68490,546],{"class":50},[44,68492,55],{"class":54},[44,68494,2992],{"class":58},[44,68496,279],{"class":278},[44,68498,184],{"class":282},[44,68500,279],{"class":278},[44,68502,66],{"class":58},[44,68504,290],{"class":278},[44,68506,563],{"class":282},[44,68508,279],{"class":278},[44,68510,66],{"class":58},[44,68512,290],{"class":278},[44,68514,583],{"class":282},[44,68516,279],{"class":278},[44,68518,3005],{"class":58},[44,68520,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533,68535],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68522,106],{"class":105},[44,68524,93],{"class":58},[44,68526,572],{"class":89},[44,68528,3270],{"class":58},[44,68530,10537],{"class":105},[44,68532,93],{"class":58},[44,68534,572],{"class":89},[44,68536,10055],{"class":58},[20,68538,7873,68539,4156,68542,68544,68545,68547],{},[15,68540,68541],{},"len(letters)",[15,68543,1433],{},", and index ",[15,68546,1433],{}," does not exist.",[20,68549,18206],{},[35,68551,68553],{"className":37,"code":68552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68554,68555,68587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68556,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68558,546],{"class":50},[44,68560,55],{"class":54},[44,68562,2992],{"class":58},[44,68564,279],{"class":278},[44,68566,184],{"class":282},[44,68568,279],{"class":278},[44,68570,66],{"class":58},[44,68572,290],{"class":278},[44,68574,563],{"class":282},[44,68576,279],{"class":278},[44,68578,66],{"class":58},[44,68580,290],{"class":278},[44,68582,583],{"class":282},[44,68584,279],{"class":278},[44,68586,3005],{"class":58},[44,68588,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607,68609],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68590,106],{"class":105},[44,68592,93],{"class":58},[44,68594,572],{"class":89},[44,68596,3270],{"class":58},[44,68598,10537],{"class":105},[44,68600,93],{"class":58},[44,68602,572],{"class":89},[44,68604,3031],{"class":58},[44,68606,1594],{"class":54},[44,68608,4874],{"class":62},[44,68610,677],{"class":58},[20,68612,118],{},[35,68614,68616],{"className":37,"code":68615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,68617,68618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68619,68620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68621,68615],{"class":50},[20,68623,68624,68625,86],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[184,68626,68628],{"href":68627},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[693,68630,1123,68632,68634],{"id":68631},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68633,41730],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68636,68637],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68639,68640],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,68642,68644],{"className":37,"code":68643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68645,68646,68656,68670,68684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68647,68648,68650,68652,68654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68649,106],{"class":105},[44,68651,93],{"class":58},[44,68653,7717],{"class":89},[44,68655,99],{"class":58},[44,68657,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68659,106],{"class":105},[44,68661,93],{"class":58},[44,68663,10537],{"class":105},[44,68665,93],{"class":58},[44,68667,7717],{"class":89},[44,68669,973],{"class":58},[44,68671,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68673,106],{"class":105},[44,68675,93],{"class":58},[44,68677,1090],{"class":909},[44,68679,93],{"class":58},[44,68681,7717],{"class":89},[44,68683,973],{"class":58},[44,68685,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694,68696],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,68687,106],{"class":105},[44,68689,93],{"class":58},[44,68691,7717],{"class":89},[44,68693,3270],{"class":58},[44,68695,1491],{"class":62},[44,68697,677],{"class":58},[20,68699,68700],{},"These help you verify:",[165,68702,68703,68706,68708,68711],{},[168,68704,68705],{},"what the variable contains",[168,68707,60153],{},[168,68709,68710],{},"whether it is really a list",[168,68712,68713],{},"what the first item is",[20,68715,68716,68717,68720],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68718,68719],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,68722,4334,68724,68726],{"id":68723},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68725,41730],{}," with lists",[20,68728,68729,68730,68732],{},"You will often use ",[15,68731,41730],{}," in real programs.",[20,68734,8751],{},[165,68736,68737,68739,68742,68745],{},[168,68738,51143],{},[168,68740,68741],{},"Control loops",[168,68743,68744],{},"Validate input or results",[168,68746,68747],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68749,68750],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,68752,68754],{"className":37,"code":68753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68755,68756,68776,68792,68796,68810,68824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68757,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68759,1925],{"class":50},[44,68761,55],{"class":54},[44,68763,2992],{"class":58},[44,68765,63],{"class":62},[44,68767,66],{"class":58},[44,68769,69],{"class":62},[44,68771,66],{"class":58},[44,68773,74],{"class":62},[44,68775,3005],{"class":58},[44,68777,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788,68790],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68779,1953],{"class":50},[44,68781,55],{"class":54},[44,68783,2992],{"class":58},[44,68785,931],{"class":62},[44,68787,66],{"class":58},[44,68789,7168],{"class":62},[44,68791,3005],{"class":58},[44,68793,68794],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68795,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,68797,68798,68800,68802,68804,68806,68808],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,68799,106],{"class":105},[44,68801,93],{"class":58},[44,68803,10537],{"class":105},[44,68805,93],{"class":58},[44,68807,184],{"class":89},[44,68809,973],{"class":58},[44,68811,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,68813,106],{"class":105},[44,68815,93],{"class":58},[44,68817,10537],{"class":105},[44,68819,93],{"class":58},[44,68821,563],{"class":89},[44,68823,973],{"class":58},[44,68825,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,68827,106],{"class":105},[44,68829,93],{"class":58},[44,68831,10537],{"class":105},[44,68833,93],{"class":58},[44,68835,184],{"class":89},[44,68837,3031],{"class":58},[44,68839,37764],{"class":54},[44,68841,37754],{"class":105},[44,68843,93],{"class":58},[44,68845,563],{"class":89},[44,68847,973],{"class":58},[20,68849,118],{},[35,68851,68853],{"className":37,"code":68852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68854,68855,68859,68863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68856,68857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68858,45988],{"class":62},[44,68860,68861],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68862,16425],{"class":62},[44,68864,68865],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68866,3350],{"class":871},[20,68868,68869],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,68871,68873],{"className":37,"code":68872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68874,68875,68907,68911,68933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68876,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68878,4368],{"class":50},[44,68880,55],{"class":54},[44,68882,2992],{"class":58},[44,68884,279],{"class":278},[44,68886,12253],{"class":282},[44,68888,279],{"class":278},[44,68890,66],{"class":58},[44,68892,290],{"class":278},[44,68894,35309],{"class":282},[44,68896,279],{"class":278},[44,68898,66],{"class":58},[44,68900,290],{"class":278},[44,68902,35318],{"class":282},[44,68904,279],{"class":278},[44,68906,3005],{"class":58},[44,68908,68909],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68910,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,68912,68913,68915,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68914,5334],{"class":3246},[44,68916,68917],{"class":50}," i ",[44,68919,3253],{"class":3246},[44,68921,53441],{"class":105},[44,68923,93],{"class":58},[44,68925,10537],{"class":105},[44,68927,93],{"class":58},[44,68929,4412],{"class":89},[44,68931,68932],{"class":58},")):\n",[44,68934,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68946,68948,68950],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,68936,7447],{"class":105},[44,68938,93],{"class":58},[44,68940,35521],{"class":89},[44,68942,66],{"class":58},[44,68944,68945],{"class":89}," names",[44,68947,3270],{"class":58},[44,68949,35521],{"class":89},[44,68951,677],{"class":58},[20,68953,118],{},[35,68955,68956],{"className":37,"code":35367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68957,68958,68964,68970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68959,68960,68962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68961,1491],{"class":62},[44,68963,35376],{"class":50},[44,68965,68966,68968],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,68967,63],{"class":62},[44,68969,35383],{"class":50},[44,68971,68972,68974],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68973,472],{"class":62},[44,68975,35390],{"class":50},[20,68977,68978,68979,86],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[184,68980,68982],{"href":68981},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,68984,68985,68986,68988],{},"You can also read ",[184,68987,50920],{"href":50919}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,68990,1235],{"id":1234},[693,68992,68994],{"id":68993},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,68996,148,68997,69000],{},[15,68998,68999],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[693,69002,4516,69004,12088],{"id":69003},"what-does-len-return",[15,69005,69006],{},"len([])",[20,69008,4522,69009,69011],{},[15,69010,1491],{}," because the list is empty.",[693,69013,69015],{"id":69014},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69017,69018],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[693,69020,27696,69022,69024],{"id":69021},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69023,68200],{}," in Python?",[20,69026,29636,69027,7600,69029,69031],{},[15,69028,67646],{},[15,69030,41730],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,69033,1279],{"id":1278},[165,69035,69036,69042,69046,69050,69054],{},[168,69037,69038],{},[184,69039,2945,69040,2878],{"href":41727},[15,69041,41730],{},[168,69043,69044],{},[184,69045,51964],{"href":50919},[168,69047,69048],{},[184,69049,52143],{"href":50352},[168,69051,69052],{},[184,69053,68628],{"href":68627},[168,69055,69056],{},[184,69057,69058],{"href":68981},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1304,69060,69061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":69063},[69064,69065,69067,69068,69069,69070,69078,69080,69088],{"id":14532,"depth":80,"text":14533},{"id":67638,"depth":80,"text":69066},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5162,"depth":80,"text":5163},{"id":67907,"depth":80,"text":67908},{"id":68048,"depth":80,"text":68049},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":69071},[69072,69074,69075,69076],{"id":68197,"depth":102,"text":69073},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25053,"depth":102,"text":25054},{"id":68377,"depth":102,"text":68378},{"id":68631,"depth":102,"text":69077},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68723,"depth":80,"text":69079},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":69081},[69082,69083,69085,69086],{"id":68993,"depth":102,"text":68994},{"id":69003,"depth":102,"text":69084},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69014,"depth":102,"text":69015},{"id":69021,"depth":102,"text":69087},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67533,"description":69089},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69095,"title":69096,"body":69097,"description":71078,"extension":1334,"meta":71079,"navigation":322,"path":71080,"seo":71081,"stem":71082,"__hash__":71083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69098,"toc":71051},[69099,69102,69107,69110,69118,69131,69133,69198,69200,69222,69227,69231,69236,69244,69246,69256,69258,69339,69341,69371,69373,69392,69397,69414,69416,69500,69502,69532,69537,69541,69547,69631,69633,69663,69666,69670,69673,69764,69766,69804,69807,69892,69894,69924,69930,69937,69941,69946,69955,69957,70042,70044,70073,70076,70084,70088,70092,70101,70124,70126,70148,70150,70164,70166,70226,70230,70235,70274,70276,70293,70295,70305,70404,70409,70413,70418,70461,70463,70491,70493,70507,70582,70584,70606,70610,70613,70618,70629,70634,70642,70645,70716,70718,70743,70800,70802,70823,70832,70840,70845,70847,70852,70873,70875,70950,70953,70967,70974,70976,70980,70986,70990,71000,71004,71011,71015,71021,71023,71048],[10,69100,69096],{"id":69101},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69103,69104,69106],{},[15,69105,54453],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69108,69109],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[165,69111,69112,69115],{},[168,69113,69114],{},"delete an item from a list",[168,69116,69117],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69119,69120,69121,69123,69124,8082,69126,69130],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69122,12135],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69125,12135],{},[184,69127,69128],{"href":54443},[15,69129,54900],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,69132,33],{"id":32},[35,69134,69136],{"className":37,"code":69135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69137,69138,69158,69173,69177,69188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69139,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69141,51],{"class":50},[44,69143,55],{"class":54},[44,69145,2992],{"class":58},[44,69147,931],{"class":62},[44,69149,66],{"class":58},[44,69151,7168],{"class":62},[44,69153,66],{"class":58},[44,69155,7173],{"class":62},[44,69157,3005],{"class":58},[44,69159,69160,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69161,69162],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,69164,55],{"class":54},[44,69166,3635],{"class":50},[44,69168,86],{"class":58},[44,69170,25608],{"class":89},[44,69172,913],{"class":58},[44,69174,69175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69176,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69178,69179,69181,69183,69186],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,69180,106],{"class":105},[44,69182,93],{"class":58},[44,69184,69185],{"class":89},"last_item",[44,69187,99],{"class":58},[44,69189,69190,69192,69194,69196],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69191,106],{"class":105},[44,69193,93],{"class":58},[44,69195,83],{"class":89},[44,69197,99],{"class":58},[20,69199,118],{},[35,69201,69203],{"className":37,"code":69202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69204,69205,69210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69206,69207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69208,69209],{"class":62},"30\n",[44,69211,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69213,3270],{"class":58},[44,69215,931],{"class":62},[44,69217,66],{"class":58},[44,69219,7168],{"class":62},[44,69221,3005],{"class":58},[20,69223,148,69224,69226],{},[15,69225,12135],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,69228,69230],{"id":69229},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69232,69233,69235],{},[15,69234,12135],{}," has two main jobs:",[165,69237,69238,69241],{},[168,69239,69240],{},"It removes one item from a list",[168,69242,69243],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69245,43020],{},[165,69247,69248,69251,69254],{},[168,69249,69250],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[168,69252,69253],{},"It changes the original list",[168,69255,52117],{},[20,69257,894],{},[35,69259,69261],{"className":37,"code":69260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69262,69263,69295,69299,69314,69318,69329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69264,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69266,271],{"class":50},[44,69268,55],{"class":54},[44,69270,2992],{"class":58},[44,69272,279],{"class":278},[44,69274,283],{"class":282},[44,69276,279],{"class":278},[44,69278,66],{"class":58},[44,69280,290],{"class":278},[44,69282,313],{"class":282},[44,69284,279],{"class":278},[44,69286,66],{"class":58},[44,69288,290],{"class":278},[44,69290,293],{"class":282},[44,69292,279],{"class":278},[44,69294,3005],{"class":58},[44,69296,69297],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69298,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69300,69301,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69302,69303],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,69305,55],{"class":54},[44,69307,12494],{"class":50},[44,69309,86],{"class":58},[44,69311,25608],{"class":89},[44,69313,913],{"class":58},[44,69315,69316],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,69317,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69319,69320,69322,69324,69327],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69321,106],{"class":105},[44,69323,93],{"class":58},[44,69325,69326],{"class":89},"removed",[44,69328,99],{"class":58},[44,69330,69331,69333,69335,69337],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,69332,106],{"class":105},[44,69334,93],{"class":58},[44,69336,302],{"class":89},[44,69338,99],{"class":58},[20,69340,118],{},[35,69342,69344],{"className":37,"code":69343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69345,69346,69351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69347,69348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69349,69350],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,69352,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69354,3270],{"class":58},[44,69356,351],{"class":278},[44,69358,283],{"class":282},[44,69360,351],{"class":278},[44,69362,66],{"class":58},[44,69364,360],{"class":278},[44,69366,313],{"class":282},[44,69368,351],{"class":278},[44,69370,3005],{"class":58},[30,69372,196],{"id":195},[35,69374,69376],{"className":37,"code":69375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69377,69378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69379,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388,69390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69381,1097],{"class":909},[44,69383,86],{"class":58},[44,69385,25608],{"class":89},[44,69387,650],{"class":58},[44,69389,35214],{"class":89},[44,69391,677],{"class":58},[20,69393,1351,69394,69396],{},[15,69395,35214],{}," is optional.",[165,69398,69399,69405,69411],{},[168,69400,69401,69402,69404],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69403,12135],{}," removes the last item",[168,69406,69407,69408,69410],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69409,12135],{}," removes the item at that position",[168,69412,69413],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69415,894],{},[35,69417,69419],{"className":37,"code":69418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69420,69421,69453,69457,69476,69480,69490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69422,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69424,546],{"class":50},[44,69426,55],{"class":54},[44,69428,2992],{"class":58},[44,69430,279],{"class":278},[44,69432,184],{"class":282},[44,69434,279],{"class":278},[44,69436,66],{"class":58},[44,69438,290],{"class":278},[44,69440,563],{"class":282},[44,69442,279],{"class":278},[44,69444,66],{"class":58},[44,69446,290],{"class":278},[44,69448,583],{"class":282},[44,69450,279],{"class":278},[44,69452,3005],{"class":58},[44,69454,69455],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69456,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69458,69459,69461,69463,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69460,27906],{"class":50},[44,69462,55],{"class":54},[44,69464,69465],{"class":50}," letters",[44,69467,86],{"class":58},[44,69469,25608],{"class":89},[44,69471,93],{"class":58},[44,69473,63],{"class":62},[44,69475,99],{"class":58},[44,69477,69478],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,69479,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69481,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69483,106],{"class":105},[44,69485,93],{"class":58},[44,69487,215],{"class":89},[44,69489,99],{"class":58},[44,69491,69492,69494,69496,69498],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,69493,106],{"class":105},[44,69495,93],{"class":58},[44,69497,572],{"class":89},[44,69499,99],{"class":58},[20,69501,118],{},[35,69503,69505],{"className":37,"code":69504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69506,69507,69512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69508,69509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69510,69511],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,69513,69514,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69515,3270],{"class":58},[44,69517,351],{"class":278},[44,69519,184],{"class":282},[44,69521,351],{"class":278},[44,69523,66],{"class":58},[44,69525,360],{"class":278},[44,69527,583],{"class":282},[44,69529,351],{"class":278},[44,69531,3005],{"class":58},[20,69533,69534,69535,86],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[184,69536,52143],{"href":50352},[30,69538,69540],{"id":69539},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69542,69543,69544,69546],{},"When you call ",[15,69545,12135],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,69548,69550],{"className":37,"code":69549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69551,69552,69587,69591,69606,69610,69621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69553,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69565,69567,69569,69571,69574,69576,69578,69580,69583,69585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69555,29264],{"class":50},[44,69557,55],{"class":54},[44,69559,2992],{"class":58},[44,69561,279],{"class":278},[44,69563,69564],{"class":282},"write",[44,69566,279],{"class":278},[44,69568,66],{"class":58},[44,69570,290],{"class":278},[44,69572,69573],{"class":282},"test",[44,69575,279],{"class":278},[44,69577,66],{"class":58},[44,69579,290],{"class":278},[44,69581,69582],{"class":282},"submit",[44,69584,279],{"class":278},[44,69586,3005],{"class":58},[44,69588,69589],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69590,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69592,69593,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69594,69595],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,69597,55],{"class":54},[44,69599,29342],{"class":50},[44,69601,86],{"class":58},[44,69603,25608],{"class":89},[44,69605,913],{"class":58},[44,69607,69608],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,69609,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69611,69612,69614,69616,69619],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69613,106],{"class":105},[44,69615,93],{"class":58},[44,69617,69618],{"class":89},"last_task",[44,69620,99],{"class":58},[44,69622,69623,69625,69627,69629],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,69624,106],{"class":105},[44,69626,93],{"class":58},[44,69628,35873],{"class":89},[44,69630,99],{"class":58},[20,69632,118],{},[35,69634,69636],{"className":37,"code":69635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69637,69638,69643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69639,69640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69641,69642],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,69644,69645,69647,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69646,3270],{"class":58},[44,69648,351],{"class":278},[44,69650,69564],{"class":282},[44,69652,351],{"class":278},[44,69654,66],{"class":58},[44,69656,360],{"class":278},[44,69658,69573],{"class":282},[44,69660,351],{"class":278},[44,69662,3005],{"class":58},[20,69664,69665],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,69667,69669],{"id":69668},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69671,69672],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,69674,69676],{"className":37,"code":69675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69677,69678,69718,69722,69740,69744,69754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69679,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69681,35606],{"class":50},[44,69683,55],{"class":54},[44,69685,2992],{"class":58},[44,69687,279],{"class":278},[44,69689,3450],{"class":282},[44,69691,279],{"class":278},[44,69693,66],{"class":58},[44,69695,290],{"class":278},[44,69697,3459],{"class":282},[44,69699,279],{"class":278},[44,69701,66],{"class":58},[44,69703,290],{"class":278},[44,69705,3468],{"class":282},[44,69707,279],{"class":278},[44,69709,66],{"class":58},[44,69711,290],{"class":278},[44,69713,32586],{"class":282},[44,69715,279],{"class":278},[44,69717,3005],{"class":58},[44,69719,69720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69721,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69723,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736,69738],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69725,69303],{"class":50},[44,69727,55],{"class":54},[44,69729,52223],{"class":50},[44,69731,86],{"class":58},[44,69733,25608],{"class":89},[44,69735,93],{"class":58},[44,69737,63],{"class":62},[44,69739,99],{"class":58},[44,69741,69742],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,69743,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69745,69746,69748,69750,69752],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69747,106],{"class":105},[44,69749,93],{"class":58},[44,69751,69326],{"class":89},[44,69753,99],{"class":58},[44,69755,69756,69758,69760,69762],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,69757,106],{"class":105},[44,69759,93],{"class":58},[44,69761,35658],{"class":89},[44,69763,99],{"class":58},[20,69765,118],{},[35,69767,69769],{"className":37,"code":69768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69770,69771,69776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69772,69773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69774,69775],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,69777,69778,69780,69782,69784,69786,69788,69790,69792,69794,69796,69798,69800,69802],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69779,3270],{"class":58},[44,69781,351],{"class":278},[44,69783,3450],{"class":282},[44,69785,351],{"class":278},[44,69787,66],{"class":58},[44,69789,360],{"class":278},[44,69791,3468],{"class":282},[44,69793,351],{"class":278},[44,69795,66],{"class":58},[44,69797,360],{"class":278},[44,69799,32586],{"class":282},[44,69801,351],{"class":278},[44,69803,3005],{"class":58},[20,69805,69806],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,69808,69810],{"className":37,"code":69809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69811,69812,69844,69848,69868,69872,69882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69813,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69815,35606],{"class":50},[44,69817,55],{"class":54},[44,69819,2992],{"class":58},[44,69821,279],{"class":278},[44,69823,3450],{"class":282},[44,69825,279],{"class":278},[44,69827,66],{"class":58},[44,69829,290],{"class":278},[44,69831,3459],{"class":282},[44,69833,279],{"class":278},[44,69835,66],{"class":58},[44,69837,290],{"class":278},[44,69839,3468],{"class":282},[44,69841,279],{"class":278},[44,69843,3005],{"class":58},[44,69845,69846],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69847,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69849,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862,69864,69866],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69851,69303],{"class":50},[44,69853,55],{"class":54},[44,69855,52223],{"class":50},[44,69857,86],{"class":58},[44,69859,25608],{"class":89},[44,69861,93],{"class":58},[44,69863,1393],{"class":54},[44,69865,63],{"class":62},[44,69867,99],{"class":58},[44,69869,69870],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,69871,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69873,69874,69876,69878,69880],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69875,106],{"class":105},[44,69877,93],{"class":58},[44,69879,69326],{"class":89},[44,69881,99],{"class":58},[44,69883,69884,69886,69888,69890],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,69885,106],{"class":105},[44,69887,93],{"class":58},[44,69889,35658],{"class":89},[44,69891,99],{"class":58},[20,69893,118],{},[35,69895,69897],{"className":37,"code":69896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69898,69899,69904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69900,69901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69902,69903],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,69905,69906,69908,69910,69912,69914,69916,69918,69920,69922],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69907,3270],{"class":58},[44,69909,351],{"class":278},[44,69911,3450],{"class":282},[44,69913,351],{"class":278},[44,69915,66],{"class":58},[44,69917,360],{"class":278},[44,69919,3459],{"class":282},[44,69921,351],{"class":278},[44,69923,3005],{"class":58},[20,69925,69926,69927,69929],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69928,65223],{}," means the last item.",[20,69931,69932,69933,86],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[184,69934,69935,718],{"href":58334},[15,69936,64234],{},[30,69938,69940],{"id":69939},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,69942,69943,69945],{},[15,69944,12135],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,69947,69948,69949,3766,69951,86],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,69950,12135],{},[184,69952,69953],{"href":54443},[15,69954,54900],{},[20,69956,894],{},[35,69958,69960],{"className":37,"code":69959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,69961,69962,69994,69998,70017,70021,70032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69963,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988,69990,69992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69965,4368],{"class":50},[44,69967,55],{"class":54},[44,69969,2992],{"class":58},[44,69971,279],{"class":278},[44,69973,12253],{"class":282},[44,69975,279],{"class":278},[44,69977,66],{"class":58},[44,69979,290],{"class":278},[44,69981,35309],{"class":282},[44,69983,279],{"class":278},[44,69985,66],{"class":58},[44,69987,290],{"class":278},[44,69989,35318],{"class":282},[44,69991,279],{"class":278},[44,69993,3005],{"class":58},[44,69995,69996],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,69997,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,69999,70000,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70001,70002],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,70004,55],{"class":54},[44,70006,68945],{"class":50},[44,70008,86],{"class":58},[44,70010,25608],{"class":89},[44,70012,93],{"class":58},[44,70014,1491],{"class":62},[44,70016,99],{"class":58},[44,70018,70019],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,70020,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,70022,70023,70025,70027,70030],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70024,106],{"class":105},[44,70026,93],{"class":58},[44,70028,70029],{"class":89},"removed_name",[44,70031,99],{"class":58},[44,70033,70034,70036,70038,70040],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,70035,106],{"class":105},[44,70037,93],{"class":58},[44,70039,4412],{"class":89},[44,70041,99],{"class":58},[20,70043,118],{},[35,70045,70047],{"className":37,"code":70046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70048,70049,70053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70050,70051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70052,49412],{"class":50},[44,70054,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70056,3270],{"class":58},[44,70058,351],{"class":278},[44,70060,35309],{"class":282},[44,70062,351],{"class":278},[44,70064,66],{"class":58},[44,70066,360],{"class":278},[44,70068,35318],{"class":282},[44,70070,351],{"class":278},[44,70072,3005],{"class":58},[20,70074,70075],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70077,70078,70079,70081,70082,86],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70080,54900],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70083,730],{},[30,70085,70087],{"id":70086},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[693,70089,70091],{"id":70090},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70093,70094,70095,70097,70098,86],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70096,12135],{}," raises an ",[15,70099,70100],{},"IndexError",[35,70102,70104],{"className":37,"code":70103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70105,70106,70114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70107,70108,70110,70112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70109,904],{"class":50},[44,70111,55],{"class":54},[44,70113,7216],{"class":58},[44,70115,70116,70118,70120,70122],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70117,922],{"class":50},[44,70119,86],{"class":58},[44,70121,25608],{"class":89},[44,70123,913],{"class":58},[20,70125,118],{},[35,70127,70129],{"className":37,"code":70128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70130,70131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70132,70133,70135,70137,70140,70143,70146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70134,70100],{"class":909},[44,70136,1084],{"class":58},[44,70138,70139],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,70141,70142],{"class":3246},"from",[44,70144,70145],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,70147,49258],{"class":909},[20,70149,38630],{},[165,70151,70152,70157],{},[168,70153,70154,70155],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70156,12135],{},[168,70158,70159,70160,3766,70162],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70161,29170],{},[15,70163,29201],{},[20,70165,894],{},[35,70167,70169],{"className":37,"code":70168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70170,70171,70179,70183,70191,70205,70211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70172,70173,70175,70177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70174,904],{"class":50},[44,70176,55],{"class":54},[44,70178,7216],{"class":58},[44,70180,70181],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70182,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,70184,70185,70187,70189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70186,6374],{"class":3246},[44,70188,5342],{"class":50},[44,70190,5770],{"class":58},[44,70192,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,70194,7447],{"class":105},[44,70196,93],{"class":58},[44,70198,922],{"class":89},[44,70200,86],{"class":58},[44,70202,25608],{"class":89},[44,70204,6571],{"class":58},[44,70206,70207,70209],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70208,26801],{"class":3246},[44,70210,5770],{"class":58},[44,70212,70213,70215,70217,70219,70222,70224],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,70214,7447],{"class":105},[44,70216,93],{"class":58},[44,70218,279],{"class":278},[44,70220,70221],{"class":282},"The list is empty.",[44,70223,279],{"class":278},[44,70225,99],{"class":58},[693,70227,70229],{"id":70228},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70231,70232,70233,86],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70234,70100],{},[35,70236,70238],{"className":37,"code":70237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70239,70240,70260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70241,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254,70256,70258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70243,51],{"class":50},[44,70245,55],{"class":54},[44,70247,2992],{"class":58},[44,70249,931],{"class":62},[44,70251,66],{"class":58},[44,70253,7168],{"class":62},[44,70255,66],{"class":58},[44,70257,7173],{"class":62},[44,70259,3005],{"class":58},[44,70261,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70263,83],{"class":50},[44,70265,86],{"class":58},[44,70267,25608],{"class":89},[44,70269,93],{"class":58},[44,70271,1508],{"class":62},[44,70273,99],{"class":58},[20,70275,118],{},[35,70277,70279],{"className":37,"code":70278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70280,70281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70282,70283,70285,70287,70290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70284,70100],{"class":909},[44,70286,1084],{"class":58},[44,70288,70289],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,70291,70292],{"class":105},"range\n",[20,70294,38630],{},[165,70296,70297,70302],{},[168,70298,70299,70300],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70301,41730],{},[168,70303,70304],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,70306,70308],{"className":37,"code":70307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70309,70310,70330,70339,70343,70365,70383,70389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70311,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70313,51],{"class":50},[44,70315,55],{"class":54},[44,70317,2992],{"class":58},[44,70319,931],{"class":62},[44,70321,66],{"class":58},[44,70323,7168],{"class":62},[44,70325,66],{"class":58},[44,70327,7173],{"class":62},[44,70329,3005],{"class":58},[44,70331,70332,70335,70337],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70333,70334],{"class":50},"index ",[44,70336,55],{"class":54},[44,70338,44960],{"class":62},[44,70340,70341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70342,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,70344,70345,70347,70349,70352,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,70346,6374],{"class":3246},[44,70348,3204],{"class":62},[44,70350,70351],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,70353,70354],{"class":50}," index ",[44,70356,2659],{"class":54},[44,70358,37754],{"class":105},[44,70360,93],{"class":58},[44,70362,83],{"class":89},[44,70364,7720],{"class":58},[44,70366,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70368,7447],{"class":105},[44,70370,93],{"class":58},[44,70372,83],{"class":89},[44,70374,86],{"class":58},[44,70376,25608],{"class":89},[44,70378,93],{"class":58},[44,70380,35214],{"class":89},[44,70382,973],{"class":58},[44,70384,70385,70387],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,70386,26801],{"class":3246},[44,70388,5770],{"class":58},[44,70390,70391,70393,70395,70397,70400,70402],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,70392,7447],{"class":105},[44,70394,93],{"class":58},[44,70396,279],{"class":278},[44,70398,70399],{"class":282},"Index is out of range.",[44,70401,279],{"class":278},[44,70403,99],{"class":58},[20,70405,70406,70407,86],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[184,70408,68628],{"href":68627},[693,70410,70412],{"id":70411},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70414,70415,70417],{},[15,70416,12135],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,70419,70421],{"className":37,"code":70420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70422,70423,70443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70424,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70426,51],{"class":50},[44,70428,55],{"class":54},[44,70430,2992],{"class":58},[44,70432,931],{"class":62},[44,70434,66],{"class":58},[44,70436,7168],{"class":62},[44,70438,66],{"class":58},[44,70440,7173],{"class":62},[44,70442,3005],{"class":58},[44,70444,70445,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70446,83],{"class":50},[44,70448,86],{"class":58},[44,70450,25608],{"class":89},[44,70452,93],{"class":58},[44,70454,279],{"class":278},[44,70456,63],{"class":282},[44,70458,279],{"class":278},[44,70460,99],{"class":58},[20,70462,118],{},[35,70464,70466],{"className":37,"code":70465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70467,70468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70469,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70485,70488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70471,1081],{"class":909},[44,70473,1084],{"class":58},[44,70475,360],{"class":278},[44,70477,2812],{"class":282},[44,70479,351],{"class":278},[44,70481,23984],{"class":909},[44,70483,70484],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,70486,70487],{"class":3246},"as",[44,70489,70490],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,70492,38630],{},[165,70494,70495,70504],{},[168,70496,70497,70498,1561,70500,1565,70502],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70499,1491],{},[15,70501,63],{},[15,70503,65223],{},[168,70505,70506],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,70508,70510],{"className":37,"code":70509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70511,70512,70532,70550,70554,70572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70513,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70515,51],{"class":50},[44,70517,55],{"class":54},[44,70519,2992],{"class":58},[44,70521,931],{"class":62},[44,70523,66],{"class":58},[44,70525,7168],{"class":62},[44,70527,66],{"class":58},[44,70529,7173],{"class":62},[44,70531,3005],{"class":58},[44,70533,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70535,70334],{"class":50},[44,70537,55],{"class":54},[44,70539,44647],{"class":909},[44,70541,93],{"class":58},[44,70543,279],{"class":278},[44,70545,63],{"class":282},[44,70547,279],{"class":278},[44,70549,99],{"class":58},[44,70551,70552],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70553,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,70555,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,70557,106],{"class":105},[44,70559,93],{"class":58},[44,70561,83],{"class":89},[44,70563,86],{"class":58},[44,70565,25608],{"class":89},[44,70567,93],{"class":58},[44,70569,35214],{"class":89},[44,70571,973],{"class":58},[44,70573,70574,70576,70578,70580],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70575,106],{"class":105},[44,70577,93],{"class":58},[44,70579,83],{"class":89},[44,70581,99],{"class":58},[20,70583,118],{},[35,70585,70587],{"className":37,"code":70586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70588,70589,70594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70590,70591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70592,70593],{"class":62},"20\n",[44,70595,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70597,3270],{"class":58},[44,70599,931],{"class":62},[44,70601,66],{"class":58},[44,70603,7173],{"class":62},[44,70605,3005],{"class":58},[30,70607,70609],{"id":70608},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70611,70612],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[693,70614,148,70616,9977],{"id":70615},"use-pop-when",[15,70617,12135],{},[165,70619,70620,70623,70626],{},[168,70621,70622],{},"you want to remove by index",[168,70624,70625],{},"you want the removed item returned",[168,70627,70628],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[693,70630,148,70632,9977],{"id":70631},"use-remove-when",[15,70633,54900],{},[165,70635,70636,70639],{},[168,70637,70638],{},"you want to remove by value",[168,70640,70641],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70643,70644],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,70646,70648],{"className":37,"code":70647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70649,70650,70674,70678,70696,70706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70651,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70653,51],{"class":50},[44,70655,55],{"class":54},[44,70657,2992],{"class":58},[44,70659,931],{"class":62},[44,70661,66],{"class":58},[44,70663,7168],{"class":62},[44,70665,66],{"class":58},[44,70667,7173],{"class":62},[44,70669,66],{"class":58},[44,70671,7168],{"class":62},[44,70673,3005],{"class":58},[44,70675,70676],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70677,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,70679,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690,70692,70694],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70681,69303],{"class":50},[44,70683,55],{"class":54},[44,70685,3635],{"class":50},[44,70687,86],{"class":58},[44,70689,25608],{"class":89},[44,70691,93],{"class":58},[44,70693,63],{"class":62},[44,70695,99],{"class":58},[44,70697,70698,70700,70702,70704],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,70699,106],{"class":105},[44,70701,93],{"class":58},[44,70703,69326],{"class":89},[44,70705,99],{"class":58},[44,70707,70708,70710,70712,70714],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70709,106],{"class":105},[44,70711,93],{"class":58},[44,70713,83],{"class":89},[44,70715,99],{"class":58},[20,70717,118],{},[35,70719,70721],{"className":37,"code":70720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70722,70723,70727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70724,70725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70726,70593],{"class":62},[44,70728,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739,70741],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70730,3270],{"class":58},[44,70732,931],{"class":62},[44,70734,66],{"class":58},[44,70736,7173],{"class":62},[44,70738,66],{"class":58},[44,70740,7168],{"class":62},[44,70742,3005],{"class":58},[35,70744,70746],{"className":37,"code":70745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70747,70748,70772,70776,70790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70749,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70751,51],{"class":50},[44,70753,55],{"class":54},[44,70755,2992],{"class":58},[44,70757,931],{"class":62},[44,70759,66],{"class":58},[44,70761,7168],{"class":62},[44,70763,66],{"class":58},[44,70765,7173],{"class":62},[44,70767,66],{"class":58},[44,70769,7168],{"class":62},[44,70771,3005],{"class":58},[44,70773,70774],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70775,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,70777,70778,70780,70782,70784,70786,70788],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70779,83],{"class":50},[44,70781,86],{"class":58},[44,70783,34161],{"class":89},[44,70785,93],{"class":58},[44,70787,15122],{"class":62},[44,70789,99],{"class":58},[44,70791,70792,70794,70796,70798],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,70793,106],{"class":105},[44,70795,93],{"class":58},[44,70797,83],{"class":89},[44,70799,99],{"class":58},[20,70801,118],{},[35,70803,70805],{"className":37,"code":70804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70806,70807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70808,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70810,3270],{"class":58},[44,70812,931],{"class":62},[44,70814,66],{"class":58},[44,70816,7173],{"class":62},[44,70818,66],{"class":58},[44,70820,7168],{"class":62},[44,70822,3005],{"class":58},[20,70824,70825,70826,70829,70830,86],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70827,70828],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70831,63],{},[20,70833,55973,70834,70837,70838,86],{},[15,70835,70836],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70839,15122],{},[20,70841,70842,70843,86],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[184,70844,54439],{"href":54438},[30,70846,1113],{"id":1112},[20,70848,70849,70850,1084],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70851,12135],{},[165,70853,70854,70857,70860,70866,70870],{},[168,70855,70856],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[168,70858,70859],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[168,70861,1138,70862,8082,70864],{},[15,70863,12135],{},[15,70865,54900],{},[168,70867,1129,70868,61340],{},[15,70869,12135],{},[168,70871,70872],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70874,1150],{},[35,70876,70878],{"className":37,"code":70877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70879,70880,70890,70904,70918,70936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70881,70882,70884,70886,70888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70883,106],{"class":105},[44,70885,93],{"class":58},[44,70887,7717],{"class":89},[44,70889,99],{"class":58},[44,70891,70892,70894,70896,70898,70900,70902],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,70893,106],{"class":105},[44,70895,93],{"class":58},[44,70897,10537],{"class":105},[44,70899,93],{"class":58},[44,70901,7717],{"class":89},[44,70903,973],{"class":58},[44,70905,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70907,106],{"class":105},[44,70909,93],{"class":58},[44,70911,7717],{"class":89},[44,70913,86],{"class":58},[44,70915,25608],{"class":89},[44,70917,6571],{"class":58},[44,70919,70920,70922,70924,70926,70928,70930,70932,70934],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,70921,106],{"class":105},[44,70923,93],{"class":58},[44,70925,7717],{"class":89},[44,70927,86],{"class":58},[44,70929,25608],{"class":89},[44,70931,93],{"class":58},[44,70933,1491],{"class":62},[44,70935,973],{"class":58},[44,70937,70938,70940,70942,70944,70946,70948],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70939,106],{"class":105},[44,70941,93],{"class":58},[44,70943,1090],{"class":909},[44,70945,93],{"class":58},[44,70947,35214],{"class":89},[44,70949,973],{"class":58},[20,70951,70952],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[165,70954,70955,70961],{},[168,70956,70957,70960],{},[15,70958,70959],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[168,70962,70963,70966],{},[15,70964,70965],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,70968,70969,70970,70973],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,70971,70972],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,70975,1235],{"id":1234},[693,70977,70979],{"id":70978},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,70981,70982,70983,70985],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70984,12135],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[693,70987,70989],{"id":70988},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,70991,70992,70994,70995,70997,70998,86],{},[15,70993,12135],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,70996,54900],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,70999,730],{},[693,71001,71003],{"id":71002},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71005,71006,71007,71010],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71008,71009],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[693,71012,71014],{"id":71013},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71016,71017,71018,71020],{},"Python raises ",[15,71019,70100],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,71022,1279],{"id":1278},[165,71024,71025,71029,71034,71039,71044],{},[168,71026,71027],{},[184,71028,54886],{"href":54438},[168,71030,71031],{},[184,71032,71033],{"href":54443},"Python list remove() method",[168,71035,71036],{},[184,71037,71038],{"href":58334},"Python list index() method",[168,71040,71041],{},[184,71042,71043],{"href":50352},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[168,71045,71046],{},[184,71047,68628],{"href":68627},[1304,71049,71050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":71052},[71053,71054,71055,71056,71057,71058,71059,71064,71070,71071,71077],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":69229,"depth":80,"text":69230},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":69539,"depth":80,"text":69540},{"id":69668,"depth":80,"text":69669},{"id":69939,"depth":80,"text":69940},{"id":70086,"depth":80,"text":70087,"children":71060},[71061,71062,71063],{"id":70090,"depth":102,"text":70091},{"id":70228,"depth":102,"text":70229},{"id":70411,"depth":102,"text":70412},{"id":70608,"depth":80,"text":70609,"children":71065},[71066,71068],{"id":70615,"depth":102,"text":71067},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70631,"depth":102,"text":71069},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":71072},[71073,71074,71075,71076],{"id":70978,"depth":102,"text":70979},{"id":70988,"depth":102,"text":70989},{"id":71002,"depth":102,"text":71003},{"id":71013,"depth":102,"text":71014},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69096,"description":71078},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71085,"title":71086,"body":71087,"description":72873,"extension":1334,"meta":72874,"navigation":322,"path":72875,"seo":72876,"stem":72877,"__hash__":72878},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71088,"toc":72855},[71089,71092,71097,71103,71105,71175,71181,71185,71190,71211,71214,71281,71283,71304,71312,71314,71333,71349,71351,71416,71418,71443,71445,71447,71512,71514,71539,71541,71555,71558,71611,71613,71634,71638,71646,71719,71721,71754,71760,71766,71857,71859,71884,71890,71979,71981,72005,72007,72011,72066,72068,72100,72103,72106,72200,72202,72235,72241,72247,72251,72258,72284,72288,72353,72355,72380,72384,72465,72467,72496,72501,72506,72512,72516,72523,72545,72549,72608,72610,72634,72643,72648,72650,72654,72683,72685,72760,72763,72777,72783,72785,72789,72792,72796,72801,72805,72814,72818,72826,72828,72852],[10,71090,71086],{"id":71091},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71093,1351,71094,71096],{},[15,71095,54446],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71098,71099,71100,71102],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[116,71101,1188],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,71104,33],{"id":32},[35,71106,71108],{"className":37,"code":71107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71109,71110,71142,71160,71170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71111,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71113,904],{"class":50},[44,71115,55],{"class":54},[44,71117,2992],{"class":58},[44,71119,279],{"class":278},[44,71121,3450],{"class":282},[44,71123,279],{"class":278},[44,71125,66],{"class":58},[44,71127,290],{"class":278},[44,71129,3459],{"class":282},[44,71131,279],{"class":278},[44,71133,66],{"class":58},[44,71135,290],{"class":278},[44,71137,32586],{"class":282},[44,71139,279],{"class":278},[44,71141,3005],{"class":58},[44,71143,71144,71146,71148,71150,71152,71154,71156,71158],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71145,922],{"class":50},[44,71147,86],{"class":58},[44,71149,34161],{"class":89},[44,71151,93],{"class":58},[44,71153,279],{"class":278},[44,71155,3459],{"class":282},[44,71157,279],{"class":278},[44,71159,99],{"class":58},[44,71161,71162,71164,71166,71168],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71163,106],{"class":105},[44,71165,93],{"class":58},[44,71167,922],{"class":89},[44,71169,99],{"class":58},[44,71171,71172],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,71173,71174],{"class":3034},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71176,148,71177,71180],{},[15,71178,71179],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,71182,71184],{"id":71183},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71186,71187,71189],{},[15,71188,54900],{}," is a list method that:",[165,71191,71192,71198,71203,71208],{},[168,71193,71194,71195,71197],{},"Deletes the ",[116,71196,29275],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[168,71199,71200,71201],{},"Changes the original list ",[116,71202,10709],{},[168,71204,1239,71205,71207],{},[116,71206,736],{}," return a new list",[168,71209,71210],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71212,71213],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,71215,71217],{"className":37,"code":71216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71218,71219,71239,71257,71261,71271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71220,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235,71237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71222,51],{"class":50},[44,71224,55],{"class":54},[44,71226,2992],{"class":58},[44,71228,63],{"class":62},[44,71230,66],{"class":58},[44,71232,69],{"class":62},[44,71234,66],{"class":58},[44,71236,74],{"class":62},[44,71238,3005],{"class":58},[44,71240,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253,71255],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71242,1602],{"class":50},[44,71244,55],{"class":54},[44,71246,3635],{"class":50},[44,71248,86],{"class":58},[44,71250,34161],{"class":89},[44,71252,93],{"class":58},[44,71254,472],{"class":62},[44,71256,99],{"class":58},[44,71258,71259],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71260,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,71262,71263,71265,71267,71269],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,71264,106],{"class":105},[44,71266,93],{"class":58},[44,71268,83],{"class":89},[44,71270,99],{"class":58},[44,71272,71273,71275,71277,71279],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,71274,106],{"class":105},[44,71276,93],{"class":58},[44,71278,1637],{"class":89},[44,71280,99],{"class":58},[20,71282,118],{},[35,71284,71286],{"className":37,"code":71285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71287,71288,71300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71289,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71291,3270],{"class":58},[44,71293,63],{"class":62},[44,71295,66],{"class":58},[44,71297,74],{"class":62},[44,71299,3005],{"class":58},[44,71301,71302],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71303,864],{"class":871},[20,71305,71306,71307,71309,71310,86],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71308,54900],{}," itself returned ",[15,71311,730],{},[30,71313,4807],{"id":4806},[35,71315,71317],{"className":37,"code":71316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71318,71319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71320,71321,71323,71325,71327,71329,71331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71322,1097],{"class":909},[44,71324,86],{"class":58},[44,71326,34161],{"class":89},[44,71328,93],{"class":58},[44,71330,1188],{"class":89},[44,71332,99],{"class":58},[165,71334,71335,71340,71343],{},[168,71336,71337,71339],{},[15,71338,1188],{}," is the item you want to delete",[168,71341,71342],{},"Python searches from left to right",[168,71344,71345,71346,71348],{},"Only the ",[116,71347,29275],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71350,894],{},[35,71352,71354],{"className":37,"code":71353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71355,71356,71388,71406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71357,71358,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71359,546],{"class":50},[44,71361,55],{"class":54},[44,71363,2992],{"class":58},[44,71365,279],{"class":278},[44,71367,184],{"class":282},[44,71369,279],{"class":278},[44,71371,66],{"class":58},[44,71373,290],{"class":278},[44,71375,563],{"class":282},[44,71377,279],{"class":278},[44,71379,66],{"class":58},[44,71381,290],{"class":278},[44,71383,583],{"class":282},[44,71385,279],{"class":278},[44,71387,3005],{"class":58},[44,71389,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71391,572],{"class":50},[44,71393,86],{"class":58},[44,71395,34161],{"class":89},[44,71397,93],{"class":58},[44,71399,279],{"class":278},[44,71401,563],{"class":282},[44,71403,279],{"class":278},[44,71405,99],{"class":58},[44,71407,71408,71410,71412,71414],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71409,106],{"class":105},[44,71411,93],{"class":58},[44,71413,572],{"class":89},[44,71415,99],{"class":58},[20,71417,118],{},[35,71419,71421],{"className":37,"code":71420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71422,71423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71424,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71426,3270],{"class":58},[44,71428,351],{"class":278},[44,71430,184],{"class":282},[44,71432,351],{"class":278},[44,71434,66],{"class":58},[44,71436,360],{"class":278},[44,71438,583],{"class":282},[44,71440,351],{"class":278},[44,71442,3005],{"class":58},[30,71444,5163],{"id":5162},[20,71446,64543],{},[35,71448,71450],{"className":37,"code":71449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71451,71452,71484,71502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71453,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71455,271],{"class":50},[44,71457,55],{"class":54},[44,71459,2992],{"class":58},[44,71461,279],{"class":278},[44,71463,283],{"class":282},[44,71465,279],{"class":278},[44,71467,66],{"class":58},[44,71469,290],{"class":278},[44,71471,293],{"class":282},[44,71473,279],{"class":278},[44,71475,66],{"class":58},[44,71477,290],{"class":278},[44,71479,313],{"class":282},[44,71481,279],{"class":278},[44,71483,3005],{"class":58},[44,71485,71486,71488,71490,71492,71494,71496,71498,71500],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71487,302],{"class":50},[44,71489,86],{"class":58},[44,71491,34161],{"class":89},[44,71493,93],{"class":58},[44,71495,279],{"class":278},[44,71497,293],{"class":282},[44,71499,279],{"class":278},[44,71501,99],{"class":58},[44,71503,71504,71506,71508,71510],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71505,106],{"class":105},[44,71507,93],{"class":58},[44,71509,302],{"class":89},[44,71511,99],{"class":58},[20,71513,118],{},[35,71515,71517],{"className":37,"code":71516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71518,71519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71520,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71522,3270],{"class":58},[44,71524,351],{"class":278},[44,71526,283],{"class":282},[44,71528,351],{"class":278},[44,71530,66],{"class":58},[44,71532,360],{"class":278},[44,71534,313],{"class":282},[44,71536,351],{"class":278},[44,71538,3005],{"class":58},[20,71540,11056],{},[165,71542,71543,71546,71552],{},[168,71544,71545],{},"A list is created with three values",[168,71547,71548,71551],{},[15,71549,71550],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[168,71553,71554],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71556,71557],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,71559,71561],{"className":37,"code":71560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71562,71563,71587,71601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71564,71565,71567,71569,71571,71573,71575,71577,71579,71581,71583,71585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71566,4437],{"class":50},[44,71568,55],{"class":54},[44,71570,2992],{"class":58},[44,71572,931],{"class":62},[44,71574,66],{"class":58},[44,71576,7168],{"class":62},[44,71578,66],{"class":58},[44,71580,7173],{"class":62},[44,71582,66],{"class":58},[44,71584,50216],{"class":62},[44,71586,3005],{"class":58},[44,71588,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71590,15757],{"class":50},[44,71592,86],{"class":58},[44,71594,34161],{"class":89},[44,71596,93],{"class":58},[44,71598,36209],{"class":62},[44,71600,99],{"class":58},[44,71602,71603,71605,71607,71609],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71604,106],{"class":105},[44,71606,93],{"class":58},[44,71608,15757],{"class":89},[44,71610,99],{"class":58},[20,71612,118],{},[35,71614,71616],{"className":37,"code":71615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71617,71618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71619,71620,71622,71624,71626,71628,71630,71632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71621,3270],{"class":58},[44,71623,931],{"class":62},[44,71625,66],{"class":58},[44,71627,7168],{"class":62},[44,71629,66],{"class":58},[44,71631,50216],{"class":62},[44,71633,3005],{"class":58},[30,71635,71637],{"id":71636},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71639,64533,71640,71642,71643,71645],{},[15,71641,54900],{}," deletes only the ",[116,71644,29275],{}," one.",[35,71647,71649],{"className":37,"code":71648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71650,71651,71691,71709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71652,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71654,904],{"class":50},[44,71656,55],{"class":54},[44,71658,2992],{"class":58},[44,71660,279],{"class":278},[44,71662,3450],{"class":282},[44,71664,279],{"class":278},[44,71666,66],{"class":58},[44,71668,290],{"class":278},[44,71670,3459],{"class":282},[44,71672,279],{"class":278},[44,71674,66],{"class":58},[44,71676,290],{"class":278},[44,71678,3450],{"class":282},[44,71680,279],{"class":278},[44,71682,66],{"class":58},[44,71684,290],{"class":278},[44,71686,32586],{"class":282},[44,71688,279],{"class":278},[44,71690,3005],{"class":58},[44,71692,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71694,922],{"class":50},[44,71696,86],{"class":58},[44,71698,34161],{"class":89},[44,71700,93],{"class":58},[44,71702,279],{"class":278},[44,71704,3450],{"class":282},[44,71706,279],{"class":278},[44,71708,99],{"class":58},[44,71710,71711,71713,71715,71717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71712,106],{"class":105},[44,71714,93],{"class":58},[44,71716,922],{"class":89},[44,71718,99],{"class":58},[20,71720,118],{},[35,71722,71724],{"className":37,"code":71723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71725,71726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71727,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750,71752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71729,3270],{"class":58},[44,71731,351],{"class":278},[44,71733,3459],{"class":282},[44,71735,351],{"class":278},[44,71737,66],{"class":58},[44,71739,360],{"class":278},[44,71741,3450],{"class":282},[44,71743,351],{"class":278},[44,71745,66],{"class":58},[44,71747,360],{"class":278},[44,71749,32586],{"class":282},[44,71751,351],{"class":278},[44,71753,3005],{"class":58},[20,71755,71756,71757,71759],{},"Only the first ",[15,71758,57202],{}," was removed.",[20,71761,71762,71763,71765],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71764,54900],{}," again:",[35,71767,71769],{"className":37,"code":71768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71770,71771,71811,71829,71847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71772,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71774,904],{"class":50},[44,71776,55],{"class":54},[44,71778,2992],{"class":58},[44,71780,279],{"class":278},[44,71782,3450],{"class":282},[44,71784,279],{"class":278},[44,71786,66],{"class":58},[44,71788,290],{"class":278},[44,71790,3459],{"class":282},[44,71792,279],{"class":278},[44,71794,66],{"class":58},[44,71796,290],{"class":278},[44,71798,3450],{"class":282},[44,71800,279],{"class":278},[44,71802,66],{"class":58},[44,71804,290],{"class":278},[44,71806,32586],{"class":282},[44,71808,279],{"class":278},[44,71810,3005],{"class":58},[44,71812,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71814,922],{"class":50},[44,71816,86],{"class":58},[44,71818,34161],{"class":89},[44,71820,93],{"class":58},[44,71822,279],{"class":278},[44,71824,3450],{"class":282},[44,71826,279],{"class":278},[44,71828,99],{"class":58},[44,71830,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71832,922],{"class":50},[44,71834,86],{"class":58},[44,71836,34161],{"class":89},[44,71838,93],{"class":58},[44,71840,279],{"class":278},[44,71842,3450],{"class":282},[44,71844,279],{"class":278},[44,71846,99],{"class":58},[44,71848,71849,71851,71853,71855],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,71850,106],{"class":105},[44,71852,93],{"class":58},[44,71854,922],{"class":89},[44,71856,99],{"class":58},[20,71858,118],{},[35,71860,71862],{"className":37,"code":71861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71863,71864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71865,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71867,3270],{"class":58},[44,71869,351],{"class":278},[44,71871,3459],{"class":282},[44,71873,351],{"class":278},[44,71875,66],{"class":58},[44,71877,360],{"class":278},[44,71879,32586],{"class":282},[44,71881,351],{"class":278},[44,71883,3005],{"class":58},[20,71885,71886,71887,71889],{},"If you need to remove ",[116,71888,3086],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,71891,71893],{"className":37,"code":71892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71894,71895,71935,71969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71896,71897,71899,71901,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71898,904],{"class":50},[44,71900,55],{"class":54},[44,71902,2992],{"class":58},[44,71904,279],{"class":278},[44,71906,3450],{"class":282},[44,71908,279],{"class":278},[44,71910,66],{"class":58},[44,71912,290],{"class":278},[44,71914,3459],{"class":282},[44,71916,279],{"class":278},[44,71918,66],{"class":58},[44,71920,290],{"class":278},[44,71922,3450],{"class":282},[44,71924,279],{"class":278},[44,71926,66],{"class":58},[44,71928,290],{"class":278},[44,71930,32586],{"class":282},[44,71932,279],{"class":278},[44,71934,3005],{"class":58},[44,71936,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71954,71956,71958,71961,71963,71965,71967],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,71938,904],{"class":50},[44,71940,55],{"class":54},[44,71942,2992],{"class":58},[44,71944,27906],{"class":50},[44,71946,5334],{"class":3246},[44,71948,5337],{"class":50},[44,71950,3253],{"class":3246},[44,71952,71953],{"class":50}," items ",[44,71955,6374],{"class":3246},[44,71957,5337],{"class":50},[44,71959,71960],{"class":54},"!=",[44,71962,290],{"class":278},[44,71964,3450],{"class":282},[44,71966,279],{"class":278},[44,71968,3005],{"class":58},[44,71970,71971,71973,71975,71977],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71972,106],{"class":105},[44,71974,93],{"class":58},[44,71976,922],{"class":89},[44,71978,99],{"class":58},[20,71980,118],{},[35,71982,71983],{"className":37,"code":71861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,71984,71985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71986,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71988,3270],{"class":58},[44,71990,351],{"class":278},[44,71992,3459],{"class":282},[44,71994,351],{"class":278},[44,71996,66],{"class":58},[44,71998,360],{"class":278},[44,72000,32586],{"class":282},[44,72002,351],{"class":278},[44,72004,3005],{"class":58},[30,72006,64999],{"id":64998},[20,72008,65002,72009,86],{},[15,72010,40072],{},[35,72012,72014],{"className":37,"code":72013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72015,72016,72048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72017,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72019,904],{"class":50},[44,72021,55],{"class":54},[44,72023,2992],{"class":58},[44,72025,279],{"class":278},[44,72027,3450],{"class":282},[44,72029,279],{"class":278},[44,72031,66],{"class":58},[44,72033,290],{"class":278},[44,72035,3459],{"class":282},[44,72037,279],{"class":278},[44,72039,66],{"class":58},[44,72041,290],{"class":278},[44,72043,32586],{"class":282},[44,72045,279],{"class":278},[44,72047,3005],{"class":58},[44,72049,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72051,922],{"class":50},[44,72053,86],{"class":58},[44,72055,34161],{"class":89},[44,72057,93],{"class":58},[44,72059,279],{"class":278},[44,72061,21900],{"class":282},[44,72063,279],{"class":278},[44,72065,99],{"class":58},[20,72067,118],{},[35,72069,72071],{"className":37,"code":72070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72072,72073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72074,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72076,40072],{"class":909},[44,72078,1084],{"class":58},[44,72080,21927],{"class":909},[44,72082,86],{"class":58},[44,72084,34161],{"class":89},[44,72086,93],{"class":58},[44,72088,1545],{"class":89},[44,72090,15820],{"class":58},[44,72092,3250],{"class":50},[44,72094,736],{"class":54},[44,72096,20540],{"class":54},[44,72098,72099],{"class":909}," list\n",[20,72101,72102],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72104,72105],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72107,72109],{"className":37,"code":72108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72110,72111,72143,72155,72159,72171,72186,72190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72112,72113,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72114,904],{"class":50},[44,72116,55],{"class":54},[44,72118,2992],{"class":58},[44,72120,279],{"class":278},[44,72122,3450],{"class":282},[44,72124,279],{"class":278},[44,72126,66],{"class":58},[44,72128,290],{"class":278},[44,72130,3459],{"class":282},[44,72132,279],{"class":278},[44,72134,66],{"class":58},[44,72136,290],{"class":278},[44,72138,32586],{"class":282},[44,72140,279],{"class":278},[44,72142,3005],{"class":58},[44,72144,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72146,1819],{"class":50},[44,72148,55],{"class":54},[44,72150,290],{"class":278},[44,72152,21900],{"class":282},[44,72154,2727],{"class":278},[44,72156,72157],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72158,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,72160,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,72162,6374],{"class":3246},[44,72164,20951],{"class":50},[44,72166,3253],{"class":54},[44,72168,5342],{"class":50},[44,72170,5770],{"class":58},[44,72172,72173,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,72174,72175],{"class":50},"    items",[44,72177,86],{"class":58},[44,72179,34161],{"class":89},[44,72181,93],{"class":58},[44,72183,1188],{"class":89},[44,72185,99],{"class":58},[44,72187,72188],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,72189,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,72191,72192,72194,72196,72198],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,72193,106],{"class":105},[44,72195,93],{"class":58},[44,72197,922],{"class":89},[44,72199,99],{"class":58},[20,72201,118],{},[35,72203,72205],{"className":37,"code":72204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72206,72207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72208,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72210,3270],{"class":58},[44,72212,351],{"class":278},[44,72214,3450],{"class":282},[44,72216,351],{"class":278},[44,72218,66],{"class":58},[44,72220,360],{"class":278},[44,72222,3459],{"class":282},[44,72224,351],{"class":278},[44,72226,66],{"class":58},[44,72228,360],{"class":278},[44,72230,32586],{"class":282},[44,72232,351],{"class":278},[44,72234,3005],{"class":58},[20,72236,72237,72238,72240],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72239,54900],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72242,72243,72244,86],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[184,72245,65208],{"href":72246},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,72248,72250],{"id":72249},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72252,72253,3766,72255,72257],{},[15,72254,54900],{},[15,72256,12135],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[165,72259,72260,72267,72273,72279],{},[168,72261,72262,72264,72265],{},[15,72263,54900],{}," deletes by ",[116,72266,1188],{},[168,72268,72269,72264,72271],{},[15,72270,12135],{},[116,72272,35214],{},[168,72274,72275,727,72277],{},[15,72276,54900],{},[15,72278,730],{},[168,72280,72281,72283],{},[15,72282,12135],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72285,45411,72286,1084],{},[15,72287,54900],{},[35,72289,72291],{"className":37,"code":72290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72292,72293,72325,72343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72294,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72296,904],{"class":50},[44,72298,55],{"class":54},[44,72300,2992],{"class":58},[44,72302,279],{"class":278},[44,72304,3450],{"class":282},[44,72306,279],{"class":278},[44,72308,66],{"class":58},[44,72310,290],{"class":278},[44,72312,3459],{"class":282},[44,72314,279],{"class":278},[44,72316,66],{"class":58},[44,72318,290],{"class":278},[44,72320,32586],{"class":282},[44,72322,279],{"class":278},[44,72324,3005],{"class":58},[44,72326,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72328,922],{"class":50},[44,72330,86],{"class":58},[44,72332,34161],{"class":89},[44,72334,93],{"class":58},[44,72336,279],{"class":278},[44,72338,3459],{"class":282},[44,72340,279],{"class":278},[44,72342,99],{"class":58},[44,72344,72345,72347,72349,72351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72346,106],{"class":105},[44,72348,93],{"class":58},[44,72350,922],{"class":89},[44,72352,99],{"class":58},[20,72354,118],{},[35,72356,72358],{"className":37,"code":72357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72359,72360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72361,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72363,3270],{"class":58},[44,72365,351],{"class":278},[44,72367,3450],{"class":282},[44,72369,351],{"class":278},[44,72371,66],{"class":58},[44,72373,360],{"class":278},[44,72375,32586],{"class":282},[44,72377,351],{"class":278},[44,72379,3005],{"class":58},[20,72381,45411,72382,1084],{},[15,72383,12135],{},[35,72385,72387],{"className":37,"code":72386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72388,72389,72421,72440,72444,72454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72390,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72392,904],{"class":50},[44,72394,55],{"class":54},[44,72396,2992],{"class":58},[44,72398,279],{"class":278},[44,72400,3450],{"class":282},[44,72402,279],{"class":278},[44,72404,66],{"class":58},[44,72406,290],{"class":278},[44,72408,3459],{"class":282},[44,72410,279],{"class":278},[44,72412,66],{"class":58},[44,72414,290],{"class":278},[44,72416,32586],{"class":282},[44,72418,279],{"class":278},[44,72420,3005],{"class":58},[44,72422,72423,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72424,72425],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,72427,55],{"class":54},[44,72429,5342],{"class":50},[44,72431,86],{"class":58},[44,72433,25608],{"class":89},[44,72435,93],{"class":58},[44,72437,63],{"class":62},[44,72439,99],{"class":58},[44,72441,72442],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72443,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,72445,72446,72448,72450,72452],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,72447,106],{"class":105},[44,72449,93],{"class":58},[44,72451,922],{"class":89},[44,72453,99],{"class":58},[44,72455,72456,72458,72460,72463],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,72457,106],{"class":105},[44,72459,93],{"class":58},[44,72461,72462],{"class":89},"removed_item",[44,72464,99],{"class":58},[20,72466,118],{},[35,72468,72470],{"className":37,"code":72469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72471,72472,72492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72473,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72475,3270],{"class":58},[44,72477,351],{"class":278},[44,72479,3450],{"class":282},[44,72481,351],{"class":278},[44,72483,66],{"class":58},[44,72485,360],{"class":278},[44,72487,32586],{"class":282},[44,72489,351],{"class":278},[44,72491,3005],{"class":58},[44,72493,72494],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72495,69775],{"class":50},[20,72497,148,72498,72500],{},[15,72499,54900],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72502,148,72503,72505],{},[15,72504,12135],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72507,72508,72509,86],{},"For more detail, see the ",[184,72510,72511],{"href":54450},"Python list pop() method",[30,72513,72515],{"id":72514},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72517,72518,3766,72520,72522],{},[15,72519,54900],{},[15,72521,26392],{}," are also different.",[165,72524,72525,72530,72535,72540],{},[168,72526,72527,72529],{},[15,72528,54900],{}," deletes by matching value",[168,72531,72532,72534],{},[15,72533,26392],{}," deletes by index or slice",[168,72536,148,72537,72539],{},[15,72538,26392],{}," when you know the position",[168,72541,148,72542,72544],{},[15,72543,54900],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72546,45411,72547,1084],{},[15,72548,26392],{},[35,72550,72552],{"className":37,"code":72551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72553,72554,72586,72598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72555,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72557,904],{"class":50},[44,72559,55],{"class":54},[44,72561,2992],{"class":58},[44,72563,279],{"class":278},[44,72565,3450],{"class":282},[44,72567,279],{"class":278},[44,72569,66],{"class":58},[44,72571,290],{"class":278},[44,72573,3459],{"class":282},[44,72575,279],{"class":278},[44,72577,66],{"class":58},[44,72579,290],{"class":278},[44,72581,32586],{"class":282},[44,72583,279],{"class":278},[44,72585,3005],{"class":58},[44,72587,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72589,26392],{"class":3246},[44,72591,5342],{"class":50},[44,72593,3270],{"class":58},[44,72595,63],{"class":62},[44,72597,3005],{"class":58},[44,72599,72600,72602,72604,72606],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72601,106],{"class":105},[44,72603,93],{"class":58},[44,72605,922],{"class":89},[44,72607,99],{"class":58},[20,72609,118],{},[35,72611,72612],{"className":37,"code":72357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72613,72614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72615,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72617,3270],{"class":58},[44,72619,351],{"class":278},[44,72621,3450],{"class":282},[44,72623,351],{"class":278},[44,72625,66],{"class":58},[44,72627,360],{"class":278},[44,72629,32586],{"class":282},[44,72631,351],{"class":278},[44,72633,3005],{"class":58},[20,72635,72636,72637,72639,72640,72642],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72638,63],{},", not the value ",[15,72641,64643],{}," directly.",[20,72644,72645,72646,86],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[184,72647,54439],{"href":54438},[30,72649,1113],{"id":1112},[20,72651,20578,72652,1084],{},[15,72653,54900],{},[165,72655,72656,72659,72664,72671,72680],{},[168,72657,72658],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[168,72660,1129,72661,72663],{},[15,72662,54900],{}," to delete all matching values",[168,72665,11967,72666,72668,72669],{},[15,72667,54900],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72670,730],{},[168,72672,1123,72673,44000,72675,188,72677,72679],{},[15,72674,54900],{},[15,72676,12135],{},[15,72678,26392],{}," would be a better fit",[168,72681,72682],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72684,1150],{},[35,72686,72688],{"className":37,"code":72687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72689,72690,72700,72714,72732,72746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72691,72692,72694,72696,72698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72693,106],{"class":105},[44,72695,93],{"class":58},[44,72697,7717],{"class":89},[44,72699,99],{"class":58},[44,72701,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72703,106],{"class":105},[44,72705,93],{"class":58},[44,72707,1819],{"class":89},[44,72709,3253],{"class":3246},[44,72711,7774],{"class":89},[44,72713,99],{"class":58},[44,72715,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72717,106],{"class":105},[44,72719,93],{"class":58},[44,72721,7717],{"class":89},[44,72723,86],{"class":58},[44,72725,40628],{"class":89},[44,72727,93],{"class":58},[44,72729,1188],{"class":89},[44,72731,973],{"class":58},[44,72733,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,72735,106],{"class":105},[44,72737,93],{"class":58},[44,72739,1090],{"class":909},[44,72741,93],{"class":58},[44,72743,7717],{"class":89},[44,72745,973],{"class":58},[44,72747,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,72749,1209],{"class":105},[44,72751,93],{"class":58},[44,72753,1097],{"class":909},[44,72755,86],{"class":58},[44,72757,34161],{"class":1219},[44,72759,99],{"class":58},[20,72761,72762],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[165,72764,72765,72768,72771,72774],{},[168,72766,72767],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[168,72769,72770],{},"How many times does it appear?",[168,72772,72773],{},"Am I working with a list?",[168,72775,72776],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72778,72779,72780,72782],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[184,72781,71038],{"href":58334}," may also help.",[30,72784,1235],{"id":1234},[693,72786,72788],{"id":72787},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72790,72791],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[693,72793,72795],{"id":72794},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72797,4522,72798,72800],{},[15,72799,730],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[693,72802,72804],{"id":72803},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72806,72807,72808,72811,72812,86],{},"Check with ",[15,72809,72810],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72813,54900],{},[693,72815,72817],{"id":72816},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72819,148,72820,72822,72823,72825],{},[15,72821,54900],{}," for a value and ",[15,72824,12135],{}," for an index.",[30,72827,1279],{"id":1278},[165,72829,72830,72834,72838,72842,72846],{},[168,72831,72832],{},[184,72833,54886],{"href":54438},[168,72835,72836],{},[184,72837,72511],{"href":54450},[168,72839,72840],{},[184,72841,71038],{"href":58334},[168,72843,72844],{},[184,72845,65208],{"href":72246},[168,72847,72848],{},[184,72849,72851],{"href":72850},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1304,72853,72854],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":72856},[72857,72858,72859,72860,72861,72862,72863,72864,72865,72866,72872],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":71183,"depth":80,"text":71184},{"id":4806,"depth":80,"text":4807},{"id":5162,"depth":80,"text":5163},{"id":71636,"depth":80,"text":71637},{"id":64998,"depth":80,"text":64999},{"id":72249,"depth":80,"text":72250},{"id":72514,"depth":80,"text":72515},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":72867},[72868,72869,72870,72871],{"id":72787,"depth":102,"text":72788},{"id":72794,"depth":102,"text":72795},{"id":72803,"depth":102,"text":72804},{"id":72816,"depth":102,"text":72817},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71086,"description":72873},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72880,"title":72881,"body":72882,"description":74773,"extension":1334,"meta":74774,"navigation":322,"path":74775,"seo":74776,"stem":74777,"__hash__":74778},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72883,"toc":74743},[72884,72890,72896,72899,72910,72912,72961,72966,72971,72975,72990,72992,73057,73059,73100,73102,73104,73119,73121,73132,73134,73191,73193,73226,73228,73231,73280,73282,73307,73309,73325,73331,73338,73399,73401,73434,73439,73442,73522,73524,73585,73591,73595,73598,73662,73664,73689,73691,73711,73713,73762,73764,73785,73794,73797,73801,73806,73851,73853,73874,73880,73885,73893,73957,73959,73996,74002,74006,74013,74078,74080,74117,74121,74138,74148,74153,74158,74169,74176,74178,74184,74207,74210,74237,74242,74245,74346,74348,74403,74406,74513,74515,74586,74589,74615,74617,74622,74626,74634,74639,74644,74650,74655,74659,74662,74679,74682,74702,74710,74712,74740],[10,72885,53713,72887,18],{"id":72886},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72888,72889],{},"reverse()",[20,72891,72892,72895],{},[15,72893,72894],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72897,72898],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72900,72901,72902,72904,72905,72909],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72903,72889],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[184,72906,72908],{"href":72907},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,72911,2978],{"id":2977},[35,72913,72915],{"className":37,"code":72914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72916,72917,72937,72948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72918,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72920,51],{"class":50},[44,72922,55],{"class":54},[44,72924,2992],{"class":58},[44,72926,63],{"class":62},[44,72928,66],{"class":58},[44,72930,69],{"class":62},[44,72932,66],{"class":58},[44,72934,74],{"class":62},[44,72936,3005],{"class":58},[44,72938,72939,72941,72943,72946],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,72940,83],{"class":50},[44,72942,86],{"class":58},[44,72944,72945],{"class":89},"reverse",[44,72947,913],{"class":58},[44,72949,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72951,106],{"class":105},[44,72953,93],{"class":58},[44,72955,83],{"class":89},[44,72957,3031],{"class":58},[44,72959,72960],{"class":3034},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72962,72963,72965],{},[15,72964,72889],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,72967,155,72969,158],{"id":72968},"what-listreverse-does",[15,72970,72894],{},[20,72972,72973,1084],{},[15,72974,72894],{},[165,72976,72977,72980,72983,72987],{},[168,72978,72979],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[168,72981,72982],{},"Changes the original list directly",[168,72984,10799,72985],{},[15,72986,730],{},[168,72988,72989],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,72991,894],{},[35,72993,72995],{"className":37,"code":72994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72996,72997,73037,73047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72998,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73000,546],{"class":50},[44,73002,55],{"class":54},[44,73004,2992],{"class":58},[44,73006,279],{"class":278},[44,73008,184],{"class":282},[44,73010,279],{"class":278},[44,73012,66],{"class":58},[44,73014,290],{"class":278},[44,73016,563],{"class":282},[44,73018,279],{"class":278},[44,73020,66],{"class":58},[44,73022,290],{"class":278},[44,73024,583],{"class":282},[44,73026,279],{"class":278},[44,73028,66],{"class":58},[44,73030,290],{"class":278},[44,73032,663],{"class":282},[44,73034,279],{"class":278},[44,73036,3005],{"class":58},[44,73038,73039,73041,73043,73045],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73040,572],{"class":50},[44,73042,86],{"class":58},[44,73044,72945],{"class":89},[44,73046,913],{"class":58},[44,73048,73049,73051,73053,73055],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73050,106],{"class":105},[44,73052,93],{"class":58},[44,73054,572],{"class":89},[44,73056,99],{"class":58},[20,73058,118],{},[35,73060,73062],{"className":37,"code":73061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73063,73064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73065,73066,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73067,3270],{"class":58},[44,73069,351],{"class":278},[44,73071,663],{"class":282},[44,73073,351],{"class":278},[44,73075,66],{"class":58},[44,73077,360],{"class":278},[44,73079,583],{"class":282},[44,73081,351],{"class":278},[44,73083,66],{"class":58},[44,73085,360],{"class":278},[44,73087,563],{"class":282},[44,73089,351],{"class":278},[44,73091,66],{"class":58},[44,73093,360],{"class":278},[44,73095,184],{"class":282},[44,73097,351],{"class":278},[44,73099,3005],{"class":58},[30,73101,196],{"id":195},[20,73103,1531],{},[35,73105,73107],{"className":37,"code":73106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73108,73109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73110,73111,73113,73115,73117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73112,7717],{"class":50},[44,73114,86],{"class":58},[44,73116,72945],{"class":89},[44,73118,913],{"class":58},[20,73120,12425],{},[165,73122,73123,73126,73129],{},[168,73124,73125],{},"No arguments are needed",[168,73127,73128],{},"You call it on an existing list",[168,73130,73131],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73133,894],{},[35,73135,73137],{"className":37,"code":73136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73138,73139,73171,73181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73140,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73142,271],{"class":50},[44,73144,55],{"class":54},[44,73146,2992],{"class":58},[44,73148,279],{"class":278},[44,73150,283],{"class":282},[44,73152,279],{"class":278},[44,73154,66],{"class":58},[44,73156,290],{"class":278},[44,73158,313],{"class":282},[44,73160,279],{"class":278},[44,73162,66],{"class":58},[44,73164,290],{"class":278},[44,73166,293],{"class":282},[44,73168,279],{"class":278},[44,73170,3005],{"class":58},[44,73172,73173,73175,73177,73179],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73174,302],{"class":50},[44,73176,86],{"class":58},[44,73178,72945],{"class":89},[44,73180,913],{"class":58},[44,73182,73183,73185,73187,73189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73184,106],{"class":105},[44,73186,93],{"class":58},[44,73188,302],{"class":89},[44,73190,99],{"class":58},[20,73192,118],{},[35,73194,73196],{"className":37,"code":73195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73197,73198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73199,73200,73202,73204,73206,73208,73210,73212,73214,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73201,3270],{"class":58},[44,73203,351],{"class":278},[44,73205,293],{"class":282},[44,73207,351],{"class":278},[44,73209,66],{"class":58},[44,73211,360],{"class":278},[44,73213,313],{"class":282},[44,73215,351],{"class":278},[44,73217,66],{"class":58},[44,73219,360],{"class":278},[44,73221,283],{"class":282},[44,73223,351],{"class":278},[44,73225,3005],{"class":58},[30,73227,258],{"id":257},[20,73229,73230],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,73232,73234],{"className":37,"code":73233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73235,73236,73260,73270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73237,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73239,51],{"class":50},[44,73241,55],{"class":54},[44,73243,2992],{"class":58},[44,73245,931],{"class":62},[44,73247,66],{"class":58},[44,73249,7168],{"class":62},[44,73251,66],{"class":58},[44,73253,7173],{"class":62},[44,73255,66],{"class":58},[44,73257,50216],{"class":62},[44,73259,3005],{"class":58},[44,73261,73262,73264,73266,73268],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73263,83],{"class":50},[44,73265,86],{"class":58},[44,73267,72945],{"class":89},[44,73269,913],{"class":58},[44,73271,73272,73274,73276,73278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73273,106],{"class":105},[44,73275,93],{"class":58},[44,73277,83],{"class":89},[44,73279,99],{"class":58},[20,73281,118],{},[35,73283,73285],{"className":37,"code":73284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73286,73287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73288,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73290,3270],{"class":58},[44,73292,56061],{"class":62},[44,73294,66],{"class":58},[44,73296,7173],{"class":62},[44,73298,66],{"class":58},[44,73300,7168],{"class":62},[44,73302,66],{"class":58},[44,73304,5381],{"class":62},[44,73306,3005],{"class":58},[20,73308,11056],{},[165,73310,73311,73317,73322],{},[168,73312,73313,73314],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73315,73316],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[168,73318,73319,73321],{},[15,73320,72889],{}," flips the order",[168,73323,73324],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,73326,73328,73330],{"id":73327},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73329,72889],{}," changes the original list",[20,73332,73333,73334,73337],{},"This method is ",[116,73335,73336],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,73339,73341],{"className":37,"code":73340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73342,73343,73375,73385,73389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73344,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73346,35606],{"class":50},[44,73348,55],{"class":54},[44,73350,2992],{"class":58},[44,73352,279],{"class":278},[44,73354,3450],{"class":282},[44,73356,279],{"class":278},[44,73358,66],{"class":58},[44,73360,290],{"class":278},[44,73362,3459],{"class":282},[44,73364,279],{"class":278},[44,73366,66],{"class":58},[44,73368,290],{"class":278},[44,73370,3468],{"class":282},[44,73372,279],{"class":278},[44,73374,3005],{"class":58},[44,73376,73377,73379,73381,73383],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73378,35658],{"class":50},[44,73380,86],{"class":58},[44,73382,72945],{"class":89},[44,73384,913],{"class":58},[44,73386,73387],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73388,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,73390,73391,73393,73395,73397],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,73392,106],{"class":105},[44,73394,93],{"class":58},[44,73396,35658],{"class":89},[44,73398,99],{"class":58},[20,73400,118],{},[35,73402,73404],{"className":37,"code":73403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73405,73406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73407,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416,73418,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73409,3270],{"class":58},[44,73411,351],{"class":278},[44,73413,3468],{"class":282},[44,73415,351],{"class":278},[44,73417,66],{"class":58},[44,73419,360],{"class":278},[44,73421,3459],{"class":282},[44,73423,351],{"class":278},[44,73425,66],{"class":58},[44,73427,360],{"class":278},[44,73429,3450],{"class":282},[44,73431,351],{"class":278},[44,73433,3005],{"class":58},[20,73435,148,73436,73438],{},[15,73437,72889],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73440,73441],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,73443,73445],{"className":37,"code":73444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73446,73447,73479,73497,73501,73511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73448,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73450,35606],{"class":50},[44,73452,55],{"class":54},[44,73454,2992],{"class":58},[44,73456,279],{"class":278},[44,73458,3450],{"class":282},[44,73460,279],{"class":278},[44,73462,66],{"class":58},[44,73464,290],{"class":278},[44,73466,3459],{"class":282},[44,73468,279],{"class":278},[44,73470,66],{"class":58},[44,73472,290],{"class":278},[44,73474,3468],{"class":282},[44,73476,279],{"class":278},[44,73478,3005],{"class":58},[44,73480,73481,73484,73486,73488,73491,73493,73495],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73482,73483],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,73485,55],{"class":54},[44,73487,52223],{"class":50},[44,73489,73490],{"class":58},"[::",[44,73492,1393],{"class":54},[44,73494,63],{"class":62},[44,73496,3005],{"class":58},[44,73498,73499],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73500,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,73502,73503,73505,73507,73509],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,73504,106],{"class":105},[44,73506,93],{"class":58},[44,73508,35658],{"class":89},[44,73510,99],{"class":58},[44,73512,73513,73515,73517,73520],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,73514,106],{"class":105},[44,73516,93],{"class":58},[44,73518,73519],{"class":89},"reversed_fruits",[44,73521,99],{"class":58},[20,73523,118],{},[35,73525,73527],{"className":37,"code":73526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73528,73529,73557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73530,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73532,3270],{"class":58},[44,73534,351],{"class":278},[44,73536,3450],{"class":282},[44,73538,351],{"class":278},[44,73540,66],{"class":58},[44,73542,360],{"class":278},[44,73544,3459],{"class":282},[44,73546,351],{"class":278},[44,73548,66],{"class":58},[44,73550,360],{"class":278},[44,73552,3468],{"class":282},[44,73554,351],{"class":278},[44,73556,3005],{"class":58},[44,73558,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73560,3270],{"class":58},[44,73562,351],{"class":278},[44,73564,3468],{"class":282},[44,73566,351],{"class":278},[44,73568,66],{"class":58},[44,73570,360],{"class":278},[44,73572,3459],{"class":282},[44,73574,351],{"class":278},[44,73576,66],{"class":58},[44,73578,360],{"class":278},[44,73580,3450],{"class":282},[44,73582,351],{"class":278},[44,73584,3005],{"class":58},[20,73586,73587,73588,86],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[184,73589,73590],{"href":72907},"Python list slicing explained",[30,73592,73594],{"id":73593},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73596,73597],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,73599,73601],{"className":37,"code":73600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73602,73603,73623,73637,73641,73652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73604,73605,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73606,51],{"class":50},[44,73608,55],{"class":54},[44,73610,2992],{"class":58},[44,73612,63],{"class":62},[44,73614,66],{"class":58},[44,73616,69],{"class":62},[44,73618,66],{"class":58},[44,73620,74],{"class":62},[44,73622,3005],{"class":58},[44,73624,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73626,55261],{"class":50},[44,73628,55],{"class":54},[44,73630,3635],{"class":50},[44,73632,86],{"class":58},[44,73634,72945],{"class":89},[44,73636,913],{"class":58},[44,73638,73639],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73640,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,73642,73643,73645,73647,73650],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,73644,106],{"class":105},[44,73646,93],{"class":58},[44,73648,73649],{"class":89},"new_list",[44,73651,99],{"class":58},[44,73653,73654,73656,73658,73660],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,73655,106],{"class":105},[44,73657,93],{"class":58},[44,73659,83],{"class":89},[44,73661,99],{"class":58},[20,73663,118],{},[35,73665,73667],{"className":37,"code":73666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73668,73669,73673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73670,73671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73672,864],{"class":871},[44,73674,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73676,3270],{"class":58},[44,73678,1433],{"class":62},[44,73680,66],{"class":58},[44,73682,69],{"class":62},[44,73684,66],{"class":58},[44,73686,4874],{"class":62},[44,73688,3005],{"class":58},[20,73690,11272],{},[165,73692,73693,73701,73705],{},[168,73694,73695,73697,73698,73700],{},[15,73696,72889],{}," changes ",[15,73699,83],{}," directly",[168,73702,40274,73703,71207],{},[116,73704,736],{},[168,73706,53024,73707,41524,73709],{},[15,73708,73649],{},[15,73710,730],{},[20,73712,61266],{},[35,73714,73716],{"className":37,"code":73715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73717,73718,73738,73748,73752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73719,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73721,51],{"class":50},[44,73723,55],{"class":54},[44,73725,2992],{"class":58},[44,73727,63],{"class":62},[44,73729,66],{"class":58},[44,73731,69],{"class":62},[44,73733,66],{"class":58},[44,73735,74],{"class":62},[44,73737,3005],{"class":58},[44,73739,73740,73742,73744,73746],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73741,83],{"class":50},[44,73743,86],{"class":58},[44,73745,72945],{"class":89},[44,73747,913],{"class":58},[44,73749,73750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73751,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,73753,73754,73756,73758,73760],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,73755,106],{"class":105},[44,73757,93],{"class":58},[44,73759,83],{"class":89},[44,73761,99],{"class":58},[20,73763,118],{},[35,73765,73767],{"className":37,"code":73766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73768,73769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73770,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73772,3270],{"class":58},[44,73774,1433],{"class":62},[44,73776,66],{"class":58},[44,73778,69],{"class":62},[44,73780,66],{"class":58},[44,73782,4874],{"class":62},[44,73784,3005],{"class":58},[30,73786,73788,525,73790,73793],{"id":73787},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73789,72889],{},[15,73791,73792],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73795,73796],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[693,73798,73799],{"id":72945},[15,73800,72889],{},[20,73802,73803,73805],{},[15,73804,72889],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,73807,73809],{"className":37,"code":73808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73810,73811,73831,73841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73812,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73814,51],{"class":50},[44,73816,55],{"class":54},[44,73818,2992],{"class":58},[44,73820,1433],{"class":62},[44,73822,66],{"class":58},[44,73824,4874],{"class":62},[44,73826,66],{"class":58},[44,73828,69],{"class":62},[44,73830,3005],{"class":58},[44,73832,73833,73835,73837,73839],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73834,83],{"class":50},[44,73836,86],{"class":58},[44,73838,72945],{"class":89},[44,73840,913],{"class":58},[44,73842,73843,73845,73847,73849],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73844,106],{"class":105},[44,73846,93],{"class":58},[44,73848,83],{"class":89},[44,73850,99],{"class":58},[20,73852,118],{},[35,73854,73856],{"className":37,"code":73855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73857,73858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73859,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73861,3270],{"class":58},[44,73863,472],{"class":62},[44,73865,66],{"class":58},[44,73867,4874],{"class":62},[44,73869,66],{"class":58},[44,73871,74],{"class":62},[44,73873,3005],{"class":58},[20,73875,73876,73877,73879],{},"Notice that this is ",[116,73878,736],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[693,73881,73883],{"id":73882},"sorted",[15,73884,73792],{},[20,73886,73887,73892],{},[184,73888,73890],{"href":73889},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73891,73792],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,73894,73896],{"className":37,"code":73895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73897,73898,73918,73933,73937,73947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73899,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73901,51],{"class":50},[44,73903,55],{"class":54},[44,73905,2992],{"class":58},[44,73907,1433],{"class":62},[44,73909,66],{"class":58},[44,73911,4874],{"class":62},[44,73913,66],{"class":58},[44,73915,69],{"class":62},[44,73917,3005],{"class":58},[44,73919,73920,73922,73924,73927,73929,73931],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73921,1602],{"class":50},[44,73923,55],{"class":54},[44,73925,73926],{"class":105}," sorted",[44,73928,93],{"class":58},[44,73930,83],{"class":89},[44,73932,99],{"class":58},[44,73934,73935],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73936,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,73938,73939,73941,73943,73945],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,73940,106],{"class":105},[44,73942,93],{"class":58},[44,73944,83],{"class":89},[44,73946,99],{"class":58},[44,73948,73949,73951,73953,73955],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,73950,106],{"class":105},[44,73952,93],{"class":58},[44,73954,1637],{"class":89},[44,73956,99],{"class":58},[20,73958,118],{},[35,73960,73962],{"className":37,"code":73961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,73963,73964,73980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73965,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73967,3270],{"class":58},[44,73969,1433],{"class":62},[44,73971,66],{"class":58},[44,73973,4874],{"class":62},[44,73975,66],{"class":58},[44,73977,69],{"class":62},[44,73979,3005],{"class":58},[44,73981,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,73983,3270],{"class":58},[44,73985,63],{"class":62},[44,73987,66],{"class":58},[44,73989,69],{"class":62},[44,73991,66],{"class":58},[44,73993,74],{"class":62},[44,73995,3005],{"class":58},[20,73997,73998,73999,86],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74000,74001],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[693,74003,74005],{"id":74004},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74007,74008,74009,74012],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74010,74011],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74014,74016],{"className":37,"code":74015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74017,74018,74038,74054,74058,74068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74019,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74021,51],{"class":50},[44,74023,55],{"class":54},[44,74025,2992],{"class":58},[44,74027,1433],{"class":62},[44,74029,66],{"class":58},[44,74031,4874],{"class":62},[44,74033,66],{"class":58},[44,74035,69],{"class":62},[44,74037,3005],{"class":58},[44,74039,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74041,1602],{"class":50},[44,74043,55],{"class":54},[44,74045,3635],{"class":50},[44,74047,73490],{"class":58},[44,74049,1393],{"class":54},[44,74051,63],{"class":62},[44,74053,3005],{"class":58},[44,74055,74056],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74057,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,74059,74060,74062,74064,74066],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,74061,106],{"class":105},[44,74063,93],{"class":58},[44,74065,83],{"class":89},[44,74067,99],{"class":58},[44,74069,74070,74072,74074,74076],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74071,106],{"class":105},[44,74073,93],{"class":58},[44,74075,1637],{"class":89},[44,74077,99],{"class":58},[20,74079,118],{},[35,74081,74083],{"className":37,"code":74082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74084,74085,74101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74086,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74088,3270],{"class":58},[44,74090,1433],{"class":62},[44,74092,66],{"class":58},[44,74094,4874],{"class":62},[44,74096,66],{"class":58},[44,74098,69],{"class":62},[44,74100,3005],{"class":58},[44,74102,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113,74115],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74104,3270],{"class":58},[44,74106,472],{"class":62},[44,74108,66],{"class":58},[44,74110,4874],{"class":62},[44,74112,66],{"class":58},[44,74114,74],{"class":62},[44,74116,3005],{"class":58},[693,74118,74120],{"id":74119},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[165,74122,74123,74128,74133],{},[168,74124,148,74125,74127],{},[15,74126,72889],{}," when you want to change the original list",[168,74129,148,74130,74132],{},[15,74131,74011],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[168,74134,148,74135,74137],{},[15,74136,73792],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74139,74140,74141,74147],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[184,74142,74144,74145,718],{"href":74143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74146,63680],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,74149,4334,74151],{"id":74150},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74152,72889],{},[20,74154,74155,74157],{},[15,74156,72889],{}," is a good choice:",[165,74159,74160,74163,74166],{},[168,74161,74162],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[168,74164,74165],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[168,74167,74168],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74170,74171,74172,86],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[184,74173,74175],{"href":74174},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,74177,1113],{"id":1112},[20,74179,74180,74181,74183],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74182,72889],{}," for these reasons:",[165,74185,74186,74190,74195,74200],{},[168,74187,11967,74188,11970],{},[15,74189,72889],{},[168,74191,1129,74192,74194],{},[15,74193,72889],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[168,74196,1123,74197,74199],{},[15,74198,72889],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[168,74201,1138,74202,8082,74204],{},[15,74203,72889],{},[15,74205,74206],{},"reversed()",[20,74208,74209],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,74211,74213],{"className":37,"code":74212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74214,74215,74227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74216,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74218,34054],{"class":50},[44,74220,55],{"class":54},[44,74222,290],{"class":278},[44,74224,948],{"class":282},[44,74226,2727],{"class":278},[44,74228,74229,74231,74233,74235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74230,34075],{"class":50},[44,74232,86],{"class":58},[44,74234,72945],{"class":89},[44,74236,913],{"class":58},[20,74238,74239,74240,32966],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74241,72889],{},[20,74243,74244],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,74246,74248],{"className":37,"code":74247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74249,74250,74270,74274,74284,74298,74302,74316,74326,74330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74251,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74253,7686],{"class":50},[44,74255,55],{"class":54},[44,74257,2992],{"class":58},[44,74259,63],{"class":62},[44,74261,66],{"class":58},[44,74263,69],{"class":62},[44,74265,66],{"class":58},[44,74267,74],{"class":62},[44,74269,3005],{"class":58},[44,74271,74272],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74273,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,74275,74276,74278,74280,74282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74277,106],{"class":105},[44,74279,93],{"class":58},[44,74281,7717],{"class":89},[44,74283,99],{"class":58},[44,74285,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,74287,106],{"class":105},[44,74289,93],{"class":58},[44,74291,1090],{"class":909},[44,74293,93],{"class":58},[44,74295,7717],{"class":89},[44,74297,973],{"class":58},[44,74299,74300],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74301,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,74303,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312,74314],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,74305,1602],{"class":50},[44,74307,55],{"class":54},[44,74309,7774],{"class":50},[44,74311,86],{"class":58},[44,74313,72945],{"class":89},[44,74315,913],{"class":58},[44,74317,74318,74320,74322,74324],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,74319,106],{"class":105},[44,74321,93],{"class":58},[44,74323,1637],{"class":89},[44,74325,99],{"class":58},[44,74327,74328],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,74329,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,74331,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,74333,106],{"class":105},[44,74335,93],{"class":58},[44,74337,7717],{"class":89},[44,74339,73490],{"class":58},[44,74341,1393],{"class":54},[44,74343,63],{"class":62},[44,74345,677],{"class":58},[20,74347,118],{},[35,74349,74351],{"className":37,"code":74350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74352,74353,74369,74383,74387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74354,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74356,3270],{"class":58},[44,74358,63],{"class":62},[44,74360,66],{"class":58},[44,74362,69],{"class":62},[44,74364,66],{"class":58},[44,74366,74],{"class":62},[44,74368,3005],{"class":58},[44,74370,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74372,2659],{"class":54},[44,74374,2662],{"class":1436},[44,74376,360],{"class":278},[44,74378,1097],{"class":282},[44,74380,351],{"class":278},[44,74382,2671],{"class":54},[44,74384,74385],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74386,864],{"class":871},[44,74388,74389,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,74390,3270],{"class":58},[44,74392,63],{"class":62},[44,74394,66],{"class":58},[44,74396,69],{"class":62},[44,74398,66],{"class":58},[44,74400,4874],{"class":62},[44,74402,3005],{"class":58},[20,74404,74405],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,74407,74409],{"className":37,"code":74408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74410,74411,74431,74435,74445,74459,74463,74477,74487,74497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74412,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74414,7686],{"class":50},[44,74416,55],{"class":54},[44,74418,2992],{"class":58},[44,74420,63],{"class":62},[44,74422,66],{"class":58},[44,74424,69],{"class":62},[44,74426,66],{"class":58},[44,74428,74],{"class":62},[44,74430,3005],{"class":58},[44,74432,74433],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74434,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,74436,74437,74439,74441,74443],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74438,106],{"class":105},[44,74440,93],{"class":58},[44,74442,7717],{"class":89},[44,74444,99],{"class":58},[44,74446,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,74448,106],{"class":105},[44,74450,93],{"class":58},[44,74452,1090],{"class":909},[44,74454,93],{"class":58},[44,74456,7717],{"class":89},[44,74458,973],{"class":58},[44,74460,74461],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74462,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,74464,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,74466,1602],{"class":50},[44,74468,55],{"class":54},[44,74470,7774],{"class":50},[44,74472,86],{"class":58},[44,74474,72945],{"class":89},[44,74476,913],{"class":58},[44,74478,74479,74481,74483,74485],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,74480,106],{"class":105},[44,74482,93],{"class":58},[44,74484,1637],{"class":89},[44,74486,99],{"class":58},[44,74488,74489,74491,74493,74495],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,74490,106],{"class":105},[44,74492,93],{"class":58},[44,74494,7717],{"class":89},[44,74496,99],{"class":58},[44,74498,74499,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509,74511],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,74500,106],{"class":105},[44,74502,93],{"class":58},[44,74504,7717],{"class":89},[44,74506,73490],{"class":58},[44,74508,1393],{"class":54},[44,74510,63],{"class":62},[44,74512,677],{"class":58},[20,74514,118],{},[35,74516,74518],{"className":37,"code":74517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74519,74520,74536,74550,74554,74570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74521,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74523,3270],{"class":58},[44,74525,63],{"class":62},[44,74527,66],{"class":58},[44,74529,69],{"class":62},[44,74531,66],{"class":58},[44,74533,74],{"class":62},[44,74535,3005],{"class":58},[44,74537,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74539,2659],{"class":54},[44,74541,2662],{"class":1436},[44,74543,360],{"class":278},[44,74545,1097],{"class":282},[44,74547,351],{"class":278},[44,74549,2671],{"class":54},[44,74551,74552],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74553,864],{"class":871},[44,74555,74556,74558,74560,74562,74564,74566,74568],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,74557,3270],{"class":58},[44,74559,1433],{"class":62},[44,74561,66],{"class":58},[44,74563,69],{"class":62},[44,74565,66],{"class":58},[44,74567,4874],{"class":62},[44,74569,3005],{"class":58},[44,74571,74572,74574,74576,74578,74580,74582,74584],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74573,3270],{"class":58},[44,74575,63],{"class":62},[44,74577,66],{"class":58},[44,74579,69],{"class":62},[44,74581,66],{"class":58},[44,74583,74],{"class":62},[44,74585,3005],{"class":58},[20,74587,74588],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[165,74590,74591,74600,74609],{},[168,74592,27163,74593,74596,74597],{},[15,74594,74595],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74598,74599],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[168,74601,11288,74602,74605,74606,21927],{},[15,74603,74604],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[116,74607,74608],{},"current",[168,74610,74611,74612],{},"So it prints ",[15,74613,74614],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,74616,1235],{"id":1234},[693,74618,1239,74620,54840],{"id":74619},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74621,72894],{},[20,74623,61971,74624,86],{},[15,74625,730],{},[693,74627,33571,74629,33574,74631,1863],{"id":74628},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74630,72889],{},[15,74632,74633],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74635,74636,74638],{},[15,74637,72889],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74640,74641,74643],{},[15,74642,74633],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[693,74645,27696,74647,74649],{"id":74646},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74648,72889],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74651,45736,74652,74654],{},[15,74653,72889],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[693,74656,74658],{"id":74657},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74660,74661],{},"Use slicing:",[35,74663,74665],{"className":37,"code":74664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74666,74667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74668,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74670,7717],{"class":50},[44,74672,73490],{"class":58},[44,74674,1393],{"class":54},[44,74676,63],{"class":62},[44,74678,3005],{"class":58},[20,74680,74681],{},"Or use:",[35,74683,74685],{"className":37,"code":74684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74686,74687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74688,74689,74691,74693,74696,74698,74700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74690,1097],{"class":909},[44,74692,93],{"class":58},[44,74694,74695],{"class":105},"reversed",[44,74697,93],{"class":58},[44,74699,7717],{"class":89},[44,74701,973],{"class":58},[20,74703,74704,74705,74709],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[184,74706,54891,74707],{"href":54331},[15,74708,12149],{}," can also help.",[30,74711,1279],{"id":1278},[165,74713,74714,74720,74726,74730,74734],{},[168,74715,74716],{},[184,74717,54891,74718,718],{"href":74143},[15,74719,63680],{},[168,74721,74722],{},[184,74723,2945,74724,2878],{"href":73889},[15,74725,73792],{},[168,74727,74728],{},[184,74729,74175],{"href":74174},[168,74731,74732],{},[184,74733,73590],{"href":72907},[168,74735,74736],{},[184,74737,54891,74738,718],{"href":54331},[15,74739,12149],{},[1304,74741,74742],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":74744},[74745,74746,74748,74749,74750,74752,74753,74760,74762,74763,74772],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":72968,"depth":80,"text":74747},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":73327,"depth":80,"text":74751},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73593,"depth":80,"text":73594},{"id":73787,"depth":80,"text":74754,"children":74755},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74756,74757,74758,74759],{"id":72945,"depth":102,"text":72889},{"id":73882,"depth":102,"text":73792},{"id":74004,"depth":102,"text":74005},{"id":74119,"depth":102,"text":74120},{"id":74150,"depth":80,"text":74761},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":74764},[74765,74767,74769,74771],{"id":74619,"depth":102,"text":74766},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74628,"depth":102,"text":74768},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74646,"depth":102,"text":74770},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74657,"depth":102,"text":74658},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72881,"description":74773},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74780,"title":74781,"body":74782,"description":77215,"extension":1334,"meta":77216,"navigation":322,"path":77217,"seo":77218,"stem":77219,"__hash__":77220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74783,"toc":77183},[74784,74787,74799,74802,74825,74833,74835,74947,74956,74960,74963,74966,75053,75055,75088,75090,75113,75119,75123,75126,75148,75150,75167,75170,75190,75192,75302,75304,75381,75385,75388,75431,75433,75566,75568,75670,75675,75679,75682,75684,75698,75701,75815,75817,75891,75893,75921,75925,75930,75960,75963,76089,76091,76173,76179,76183,76185,76224,76233,76237,76240,76244,76291,76293,76301,76305,76356,76358,76371,76373,76387,76390,76398,76400,76447,76449,76457,76460,76503,76508,76511,76514,76537,76541,76592,76595,76616,76626,76630,76632,76662,76665,76688,76692,76695,76762,76764,76801,76804,76812,76879,76881,76918,76924,76931,76935,76938,76968,76973,76977,76980,77004,77007,77101,77111,77113,77117,77120,77124,77127,77132,77135,77141,77144,77146,77174,77180],[10,74785,74781],{"id":74786},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74788,74789,74790,1561,74792,16441,74795,74798],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74791,35441],{},[15,74793,74794],{},"stop",[15,74796,74797],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74800,74801],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,74803,74805],{"className":37,"code":74804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74806,74807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74808,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74810,7717],{"class":50},[44,74812,3270],{"class":58},[44,74814,35441],{"class":50},[44,74816,1084],{"class":58},[44,74818,74794],{"class":50},[44,74820,1084],{"class":58},[44,74822,74797],{"class":50},[44,74824,3005],{"class":58},[20,74826,74827,74828,74830,74831,86],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74829,74794],{}," position is ",[116,74832,64438],{},[30,74834,33],{"id":32},[35,74836,74838],{"className":37,"code":74837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74839,74840,74868,74872,74893,74911,74928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74841,74842,74844,74846,74848,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74843,51],{"class":50},[44,74845,55],{"class":54},[44,74847,2992],{"class":58},[44,74849,931],{"class":62},[44,74851,66],{"class":58},[44,74853,7168],{"class":62},[44,74855,66],{"class":58},[44,74857,7173],{"class":62},[44,74859,66],{"class":58},[44,74861,50216],{"class":62},[44,74863,66],{"class":58},[44,74865,4454],{"class":62},[44,74867,3005],{"class":58},[44,74869,74870],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,74871,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,74873,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884,74886,74888,74890],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74875,106],{"class":105},[44,74877,93],{"class":58},[44,74879,83],{"class":89},[44,74881,3270],{"class":58},[44,74883,63],{"class":62},[44,74885,1084],{"class":58},[44,74887,96],{"class":62},[44,74889,19812],{"class":58},[44,74891,74892],{"class":3034},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,74894,74895,74897,74899,74901,74904,74906,74908],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,74896,106],{"class":105},[44,74898,93],{"class":58},[44,74900,83],{"class":89},[44,74902,74903],{"class":58},"[:",[44,74905,1433],{"class":62},[44,74907,19812],{"class":58},[44,74909,74910],{"class":3034},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,74912,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74914,106],{"class":105},[44,74916,93],{"class":58},[44,74918,83],{"class":89},[44,74920,73490],{"class":58},[44,74922,472],{"class":62},[44,74924,19812],{"class":58},[44,74926,74927],{"class":3034},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,74929,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,74931,106],{"class":105},[44,74933,93],{"class":58},[44,74935,83],{"class":89},[44,74937,73490],{"class":58},[44,74939,1393],{"class":54},[44,74941,63],{"class":62},[44,74943,19812],{"class":58},[44,74945,74946],{"class":3034},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74948,148,74949,74952,74953,74955],{},[15,74950,74951],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,74954,74794],{}," value is not included.",[30,74957,74959],{"id":74958},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,74961,74962],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,74964,74965],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,74967,74969],{"className":37,"code":74968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,74970,74971,75019,75023,75042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74972,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999,75001,75003,75005,75007,75009,75011,75013,75015,75017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74974,546],{"class":50},[44,74976,55],{"class":54},[44,74978,2992],{"class":58},[44,74980,279],{"class":278},[44,74982,184],{"class":282},[44,74984,279],{"class":278},[44,74986,66],{"class":58},[44,74988,290],{"class":278},[44,74990,563],{"class":282},[44,74992,279],{"class":278},[44,74994,66],{"class":58},[44,74996,290],{"class":278},[44,74998,583],{"class":282},[44,75000,279],{"class":278},[44,75002,66],{"class":58},[44,75004,290],{"class":278},[44,75006,663],{"class":282},[44,75008,279],{"class":278},[44,75010,66],{"class":58},[44,75012,290],{"class":278},[44,75014,672],{"class":282},[44,75016,279],{"class":278},[44,75018,3005],{"class":58},[44,75020,75021],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75022,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,75024,75025,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75026,75027],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75029,55],{"class":54},[44,75031,69465],{"class":50},[44,75033,3270],{"class":58},[44,75035,63],{"class":62},[44,75037,1084],{"class":58},[44,75039,96],{"class":62},[44,75041,3005],{"class":58},[44,75043,75044,75046,75048,75051],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,75045,106],{"class":105},[44,75047,93],{"class":58},[44,75049,75050],{"class":89},"part",[44,75052,99],{"class":58},[20,75054,118],{},[35,75056,75058],{"className":37,"code":75057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75059,75060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75061,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75063,3270],{"class":58},[44,75065,351],{"class":278},[44,75067,563],{"class":282},[44,75069,351],{"class":278},[44,75071,66],{"class":58},[44,75073,360],{"class":278},[44,75075,583],{"class":282},[44,75077,351],{"class":278},[44,75079,66],{"class":58},[44,75081,360],{"class":278},[44,75083,663],{"class":282},[44,75085,351],{"class":278},[44,75087,3005],{"class":58},[20,75089,12425],{},[165,75091,75092,75095,75098,75104,75110],{},[168,75093,75094],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[168,75096,75097],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[168,75099,75100,75101],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75102,75103],{},"list[start:stop]",[168,75105,75106,75107,75109],{},"The item at ",[15,75108,74794],{}," is not included",[168,75111,75112],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75114,75115,75116,86],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[184,75117,75118],{"href":50352},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75120,75122],{"id":75121},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75124,75125],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,75127,75128],{"className":37,"code":74804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,75129,75130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75131,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75133,7717],{"class":50},[44,75135,3270],{"class":58},[44,75137,35441],{"class":50},[44,75139,1084],{"class":58},[44,75141,74794],{"class":50},[44,75143,1084],{"class":58},[44,75145,74797],{"class":50},[44,75147,3005],{"class":58},[20,75149,64414],{},[165,75151,75152,75157,75162],{},[168,75153,75154,75156],{},[15,75155,35441],{}," is where slicing begins",[168,75158,75159,75161],{},[15,75160,74794],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[168,75163,75164,75166],{},[15,75165,74797],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75168,75169],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[165,75171,75172,75178,75183],{},[168,75173,75174,75175,75177],{},"Missing ",[15,75176,35441],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[168,75179,75174,75180,75182],{},[15,75181,74794],{}," means go to the end of the list",[168,75184,75174,75185,75187,75188],{},[15,75186,74797],{}," means use ",[15,75189,63],{},[20,75191,894],{},[35,75193,75195],{"className":37,"code":75194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75196,75197,75225,75229,75250,75267,75285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75198,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75200,51],{"class":50},[44,75202,55],{"class":54},[44,75204,2992],{"class":58},[44,75206,931],{"class":62},[44,75208,66],{"class":58},[44,75210,7168],{"class":62},[44,75212,66],{"class":58},[44,75214,7173],{"class":62},[44,75216,66],{"class":58},[44,75218,50216],{"class":62},[44,75220,66],{"class":58},[44,75222,4454],{"class":62},[44,75224,3005],{"class":58},[44,75226,75227],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75228,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,75230,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245,75247],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75232,106],{"class":105},[44,75234,93],{"class":58},[44,75236,83],{"class":89},[44,75238,3270],{"class":58},[44,75240,63],{"class":62},[44,75242,1084],{"class":58},[44,75244,96],{"class":62},[44,75246,19812],{"class":58},[44,75248,75249],{"class":3034},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,75251,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262,75264],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,75253,106],{"class":105},[44,75255,93],{"class":58},[44,75257,83],{"class":89},[44,75259,74903],{"class":58},[44,75261,1433],{"class":62},[44,75263,19812],{"class":58},[44,75265,75266],{"class":3034},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,75268,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75282],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,75270,106],{"class":105},[44,75272,93],{"class":58},[44,75274,83],{"class":89},[44,75276,3270],{"class":58},[44,75278,472],{"class":62},[44,75280,75281],{"class":58},":])",[44,75283,75284],{"class":3034},"    # go to the end\n",[44,75286,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,75288,106],{"class":105},[44,75290,93],{"class":58},[44,75292,83],{"class":89},[44,75294,73490],{"class":58},[44,75296,63],{"class":62},[44,75298,19812],{"class":58},[44,75300,75301],{"class":3034},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75303,118],{},[35,75305,75307],{"className":37,"code":75306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75308,75309,75325,75341,75357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75310,75311,75313,75315,75317,75319,75321,75323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75312,3270],{"class":58},[44,75314,15122],{"class":62},[44,75316,66],{"class":58},[44,75318,7173],{"class":62},[44,75320,66],{"class":58},[44,75322,50216],{"class":62},[44,75324,3005],{"class":58},[44,75326,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335,75337,75339],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75328,3270],{"class":58},[44,75330,931],{"class":62},[44,75332,66],{"class":58},[44,75334,7168],{"class":62},[44,75336,66],{"class":58},[44,75338,7173],{"class":62},[44,75340,3005],{"class":58},[44,75342,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351,75353,75355],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75344,3270],{"class":58},[44,75346,36209],{"class":62},[44,75348,66],{"class":58},[44,75350,50216],{"class":62},[44,75352,66],{"class":58},[44,75354,4454],{"class":62},[44,75356,3005],{"class":58},[44,75358,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,75360,3270],{"class":58},[44,75362,931],{"class":62},[44,75364,66],{"class":58},[44,75366,7168],{"class":62},[44,75368,66],{"class":58},[44,75370,7173],{"class":62},[44,75372,66],{"class":58},[44,75374,50216],{"class":62},[44,75376,66],{"class":58},[44,75378,4454],{"class":62},[44,75380,3005],{"class":58},[30,75382,75384],{"id":75383},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75386,75387],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[165,75389,75390,75399,75408,75419,75425],{},[168,75391,75392,75395,75396,5342],{},[15,75393,75394],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75397,75398],{},"n",[168,75400,75401,75404,75405,75407],{},[15,75402,75403],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75406,75398],{}," to the end",[168,75409,75410,75413,75414,75416,75417],{},[15,75411,75412],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75415,184],{}," up to ",[15,75418,563],{},[168,75420,75421,75424],{},[15,75422,75423],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[168,75426,75427,75430],{},[15,75428,75429],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75432,894],{},[35,75434,75436],{"className":37,"code":75435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75437,75438,75471,75475,75492,75509,75530,75547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75439,75440,75442,75444,75446,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75441,51],{"class":50},[44,75443,55],{"class":54},[44,75445,2992],{"class":58},[44,75447,931],{"class":62},[44,75449,66],{"class":58},[44,75451,7168],{"class":62},[44,75453,66],{"class":58},[44,75455,7173],{"class":62},[44,75457,66],{"class":58},[44,75459,50216],{"class":62},[44,75461,66],{"class":58},[44,75463,4454],{"class":62},[44,75465,66],{"class":58},[44,75467,75468],{"class":62}," 60",[44,75470,3005],{"class":58},[44,75472,75473],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75474,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,75476,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75478,106],{"class":105},[44,75480,93],{"class":58},[44,75482,83],{"class":89},[44,75484,74903],{"class":58},[44,75486,1433],{"class":62},[44,75488,19812],{"class":58},[44,75490,75491],{"class":3034},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,75493,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,75495,106],{"class":105},[44,75497,93],{"class":58},[44,75499,83],{"class":89},[44,75501,3270],{"class":58},[44,75503,1433],{"class":62},[44,75505,75281],{"class":58},[44,75507,75508],{"class":3034},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,75510,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,75512,106],{"class":105},[44,75514,93],{"class":58},[44,75516,83],{"class":89},[44,75518,3270],{"class":58},[44,75520,63],{"class":62},[44,75522,1084],{"class":58},[44,75524,1508],{"class":62},[44,75526,19812],{"class":58},[44,75528,75529],{"class":3034},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,75531,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542,75544],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,75533,106],{"class":105},[44,75535,93],{"class":58},[44,75537,83],{"class":89},[44,75539,73490],{"class":58},[44,75541,472],{"class":62},[44,75543,19812],{"class":58},[44,75545,75546],{"class":3034},"   # every second item\n",[44,75548,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561,75563],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,75550,106],{"class":105},[44,75552,93],{"class":58},[44,75554,83],{"class":89},[44,75556,73490],{"class":58},[44,75558,1393],{"class":54},[44,75560,63],{"class":62},[44,75562,19812],{"class":58},[44,75564,75565],{"class":3034},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75567,118],{},[35,75569,75571],{"className":37,"code":75570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75572,75573,75589,75605,75625,75641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75574,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75576,3270],{"class":58},[44,75578,931],{"class":62},[44,75580,66],{"class":58},[44,75582,7168],{"class":62},[44,75584,66],{"class":58},[44,75586,7173],{"class":62},[44,75588,3005],{"class":58},[44,75590,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75592,3270],{"class":58},[44,75594,56061],{"class":62},[44,75596,66],{"class":58},[44,75598,4454],{"class":62},[44,75600,66],{"class":58},[44,75602,75468],{"class":62},[44,75604,3005],{"class":58},[44,75606,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75608,3270],{"class":58},[44,75610,15122],{"class":62},[44,75612,66],{"class":58},[44,75614,7173],{"class":62},[44,75616,66],{"class":58},[44,75618,50216],{"class":62},[44,75620,66],{"class":58},[44,75622,4454],{"class":62},[44,75624,3005],{"class":58},[44,75626,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,75628,3270],{"class":58},[44,75630,931],{"class":62},[44,75632,66],{"class":58},[44,75634,7173],{"class":62},[44,75636,66],{"class":58},[44,75638,4454],{"class":62},[44,75640,3005],{"class":58},[44,75642,75643,75645,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,75644,3270],{"class":58},[44,75646,75647],{"class":62},"60",[44,75649,66],{"class":58},[44,75651,4454],{"class":62},[44,75653,66],{"class":58},[44,75655,50216],{"class":62},[44,75657,66],{"class":58},[44,75659,7173],{"class":62},[44,75661,66],{"class":58},[44,75663,7168],{"class":62},[44,75665,66],{"class":58},[44,75667,5381],{"class":62},[44,75669,3005],{"class":58},[20,75671,75672,75673,86],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[184,75674,14259],{"href":56588},[30,75676,75678],{"id":75677},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75680,75681],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75683,4848],{},[165,75685,75686,75692],{},[168,75687,75688,75691],{},[15,75689,75690],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[168,75693,75694,75697],{},[15,75695,75696],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75699,75700],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,75702,75704],{"className":37,"code":75703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75705,75706,75754,75758,75777,75796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75707,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75709,546],{"class":50},[44,75711,55],{"class":54},[44,75713,2992],{"class":58},[44,75715,279],{"class":278},[44,75717,184],{"class":282},[44,75719,279],{"class":278},[44,75721,66],{"class":58},[44,75723,290],{"class":278},[44,75725,563],{"class":282},[44,75727,279],{"class":278},[44,75729,66],{"class":58},[44,75731,290],{"class":278},[44,75733,583],{"class":282},[44,75735,279],{"class":278},[44,75737,66],{"class":58},[44,75739,290],{"class":278},[44,75741,663],{"class":282},[44,75743,279],{"class":278},[44,75745,66],{"class":58},[44,75747,290],{"class":278},[44,75749,672],{"class":282},[44,75751,279],{"class":278},[44,75753,3005],{"class":58},[44,75755,75756],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75757,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,75759,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75761,106],{"class":105},[44,75763,93],{"class":58},[44,75765,572],{"class":89},[44,75767,3270],{"class":58},[44,75769,1393],{"class":54},[44,75771,63],{"class":62},[44,75773,19812],{"class":58},[44,75775,75776],{"class":3034},"    # last item\n",[44,75778,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,75780,106],{"class":105},[44,75782,93],{"class":58},[44,75784,572],{"class":89},[44,75786,3270],{"class":58},[44,75788,1393],{"class":54},[44,75790,1433],{"class":62},[44,75792,75281],{"class":58},[44,75794,75795],{"class":3034},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,75797,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,75799,106],{"class":105},[44,75801,93],{"class":58},[44,75803,572],{"class":89},[44,75805,74903],{"class":58},[44,75807,1393],{"class":54},[44,75809,63],{"class":62},[44,75811,19812],{"class":58},[44,75813,75814],{"class":3034},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75816,118],{},[35,75818,75820],{"className":37,"code":75819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75821,75822,75827,75855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75823,75824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75825,75826],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,75828,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,75830,3270],{"class":58},[44,75832,351],{"class":278},[44,75834,583],{"class":282},[44,75836,351],{"class":278},[44,75838,66],{"class":58},[44,75840,360],{"class":278},[44,75842,663],{"class":282},[44,75844,351],{"class":278},[44,75846,66],{"class":58},[44,75848,360],{"class":278},[44,75850,672],{"class":282},[44,75852,351],{"class":278},[44,75854,3005],{"class":58},[44,75856,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75858,3270],{"class":58},[44,75860,351],{"class":278},[44,75862,184],{"class":282},[44,75864,351],{"class":278},[44,75866,66],{"class":58},[44,75868,360],{"class":278},[44,75870,563],{"class":282},[44,75872,351],{"class":278},[44,75874,66],{"class":58},[44,75876,360],{"class":278},[44,75878,583],{"class":282},[44,75880,351],{"class":278},[44,75882,66],{"class":58},[44,75884,360],{"class":278},[44,75886,663],{"class":282},[44,75888,351],{"class":278},[44,75890,3005],{"class":58},[20,75892,12425],{},[165,75894,75895,75898,75902,75908,75914],{},[168,75896,75897],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[168,75899,75900,75691],{},[15,75901,75690],{},[168,75903,75904,75907],{},[15,75905,75906],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[168,75909,75910,75913],{},[15,75911,75912],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[168,75915,75916,75917,3766,75919],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75918,35441],{},[15,75920,74794],{},[30,75922,75924],{"id":75923},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75926,1351,75927,75929],{},[15,75928,74797],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[165,75931,75932,75935,75938,75943,75953],{},[168,75933,75934],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[168,75936,75937],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[168,75939,75940,75942],{},[15,75941,75429],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[168,75944,8253,75945,75947,75948,75950,75951],{},[15,75946,74797],{}," is negative, ",[15,75949,35441],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,75952,74794],{},[168,75954,75955,75957,75958],{},[15,75956,74797],{}," cannot be ",[15,75959,1491],{},[20,75961,75962],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,75964,75966],{"className":37,"code":75965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,75967,75968,76000,76004,76021,76043,76062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75969,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75971,51],{"class":50},[44,75973,55],{"class":54},[44,75975,2992],{"class":58},[44,75977,931],{"class":62},[44,75979,66],{"class":58},[44,75981,7168],{"class":62},[44,75983,66],{"class":58},[44,75985,7173],{"class":62},[44,75987,66],{"class":58},[44,75989,50216],{"class":62},[44,75991,66],{"class":58},[44,75993,4454],{"class":62},[44,75995,66],{"class":58},[44,75997,75468],{"class":62},[44,75999,3005],{"class":58},[44,76001,76002],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76003,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,76005,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76007,106],{"class":105},[44,76009,93],{"class":58},[44,76011,83],{"class":89},[44,76013,73490],{"class":58},[44,76015,472],{"class":62},[44,76017,19812],{"class":58},[44,76019,76020],{"class":3034},"     # every second item\n",[44,76022,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76036,76038,76040],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,76024,106],{"class":105},[44,76026,93],{"class":58},[44,76028,83],{"class":89},[44,76030,3270],{"class":58},[44,76032,63],{"class":62},[44,76034,76035],{"class":58},"::",[44,76037,472],{"class":62},[44,76039,19812],{"class":58},[44,76041,76042],{"class":3034},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76044,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,76046,106],{"class":105},[44,76048,93],{"class":58},[44,76050,83],{"class":89},[44,76052,73490],{"class":58},[44,76054,1393],{"class":54},[44,76056,63],{"class":62},[44,76058,19812],{"class":58},[44,76060,76061],{"class":3034},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76063,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,76065,106],{"class":105},[44,76067,93],{"class":58},[44,76069,83],{"class":89},[44,76071,3270],{"class":58},[44,76073,96],{"class":62},[44,76075,1084],{"class":58},[44,76077,63],{"class":62},[44,76079,1084],{"class":58},[44,76081,1393],{"class":54},[44,76083,63],{"class":62},[44,76085,19812],{"class":58},[44,76087,76088],{"class":3034},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76090,118],{},[35,76092,76094],{"className":37,"code":76093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76095,76096,76112,76128,76156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76097,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76099,3270],{"class":58},[44,76101,931],{"class":62},[44,76103,66],{"class":58},[44,76105,7173],{"class":62},[44,76107,66],{"class":58},[44,76109,4454],{"class":62},[44,76111,3005],{"class":58},[44,76113,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76115,3270],{"class":58},[44,76117,15122],{"class":62},[44,76119,66],{"class":58},[44,76121,50216],{"class":62},[44,76123,66],{"class":58},[44,76125,75468],{"class":62},[44,76127,3005],{"class":58},[44,76129,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76131,3270],{"class":58},[44,76133,75647],{"class":62},[44,76135,66],{"class":58},[44,76137,4454],{"class":62},[44,76139,66],{"class":58},[44,76141,50216],{"class":62},[44,76143,66],{"class":58},[44,76145,7173],{"class":62},[44,76147,66],{"class":58},[44,76149,7168],{"class":62},[44,76151,66],{"class":58},[44,76153,5381],{"class":62},[44,76155,3005],{"class":58},[44,76157,76158,76160,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,76159,3270],{"class":58},[44,76161,76162],{"class":62},"50",[44,76164,66],{"class":58},[44,76166,50216],{"class":62},[44,76168,66],{"class":58},[44,76170,7173],{"class":62},[44,76172,3005],{"class":58},[20,76174,76175,76176,86],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[184,76177,76178],{"href":74174},"how to reverse a list in Python",[693,76180,76182],{"id":76181},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76184,2207],{},[35,76186,76188],{"className":37,"code":76187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76189,76190,76210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76191,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76193,51],{"class":50},[44,76195,55],{"class":54},[44,76197,2992],{"class":58},[44,76199,63],{"class":62},[44,76201,66],{"class":58},[44,76203,69],{"class":62},[44,76205,66],{"class":58},[44,76207,74],{"class":62},[44,76209,3005],{"class":58},[44,76211,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76213,106],{"class":105},[44,76215,93],{"class":58},[44,76217,83],{"class":89},[44,76219,73490],{"class":58},[44,76221,1491],{"class":62},[44,76223,677],{"class":58},[20,76225,76226,76227,76229,76230,76232],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76228,40072],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76231,1491],{}," does not make sense.",[30,76234,76236],{"id":76235},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76238,76239],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[693,76241,76243],{"id":76242},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,76245,76247],{"className":37,"code":76246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76248,76249,76273,76277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76250,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76252,51],{"class":50},[44,76254,55],{"class":54},[44,76256,2992],{"class":58},[44,76258,931],{"class":62},[44,76260,66],{"class":58},[44,76262,7168],{"class":62},[44,76264,66],{"class":58},[44,76266,7173],{"class":62},[44,76268,66],{"class":58},[44,76270,50216],{"class":62},[44,76272,3005],{"class":58},[44,76274,76275],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76276,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,76278,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76280,106],{"class":105},[44,76282,93],{"class":58},[44,76284,83],{"class":89},[44,76286,3270],{"class":58},[44,76288,472],{"class":62},[44,76290,677],{"class":58},[20,76292,118],{},[35,76294,76295],{"className":37,"code":69209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76296,76297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76298,76299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76300,69209],{"class":62},[693,76302,76304],{"id":76303},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,76306,76308],{"className":37,"code":76307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76309,76310,76334,76338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76311,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76313,51],{"class":50},[44,76315,55],{"class":54},[44,76317,2992],{"class":58},[44,76319,931],{"class":62},[44,76321,66],{"class":58},[44,76323,7168],{"class":62},[44,76325,66],{"class":58},[44,76327,7173],{"class":62},[44,76329,66],{"class":58},[44,76331,50216],{"class":62},[44,76333,3005],{"class":58},[44,76335,76336],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76337,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,76339,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76341,106],{"class":105},[44,76343,93],{"class":58},[44,76345,83],{"class":89},[44,76347,3270],{"class":58},[44,76349,472],{"class":62},[44,76351,1084],{"class":58},[44,76353,1433],{"class":62},[44,76355,677],{"class":58},[20,76357,118],{},[35,76359,76361],{"className":37,"code":76360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,76362,76363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76364,76365,76367,76369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76366,3270],{"class":58},[44,76368,36209],{"class":62},[44,76370,3005],{"class":58},[20,76372,13134],{},[165,76374,76375,76381],{},[168,76376,76377,76380],{},[15,76378,76379],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[168,76382,76383,76386],{},[15,76384,76385],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76388,76389],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[165,76391,76392,76395],{},[168,76393,76394],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[168,76396,76397],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76399,894],{},[35,76401,76403],{"className":37,"code":76402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76404,76405,76425,76429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76406,76407,76409,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76408,51],{"class":50},[44,76410,55],{"class":54},[44,76412,2992],{"class":58},[44,76414,931],{"class":62},[44,76416,66],{"class":58},[44,76418,7168],{"class":62},[44,76420,66],{"class":58},[44,76422,7173],{"class":62},[44,76424,3005],{"class":58},[44,76426,76427],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76428,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,76430,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76432,106],{"class":105},[44,76434,93],{"class":58},[44,76436,83],{"class":89},[44,76438,3270],{"class":58},[44,76440,1508],{"class":62},[44,76442,1084],{"class":58},[44,76444,931],{"class":62},[44,76446,677],{"class":58},[20,76448,118],{},[35,76450,76451],{"className":37,"code":37665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76452,76453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76454,76455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76456,37665],{"class":58},[20,76458,76459],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,76461,76463],{"className":37,"code":76462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76464,76465,76485,76489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76466,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76468,51],{"class":50},[44,76470,55],{"class":54},[44,76472,2992],{"class":58},[44,76474,931],{"class":62},[44,76476,66],{"class":58},[44,76478,7168],{"class":62},[44,76480,66],{"class":58},[44,76482,7173],{"class":62},[44,76484,3005],{"class":58},[44,76486,76487],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76488,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,76490,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76492,106],{"class":105},[44,76494,93],{"class":58},[44,76496,83],{"class":89},[44,76498,3270],{"class":58},[44,76500,1508],{"class":62},[44,76502,677],{"class":58},[20,76504,76505,76506,86],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[184,76507,68628],{"href":68627},[30,76509,14547],{"id":76510},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76512,76513],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[165,76515,76516,76520,76522,76525,76531],{},[168,76517,4077,76518,75109],{},[15,76519,74794],{},[168,76521,60061],{},[168,76523,76524],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[168,76526,1138,76527,8082,76529],{},[15,76528,75429],{},[15,76530,72894],{},[168,76532,76533,76534,76536],{},"Using step ",[15,76535,1491],{},", which causes an error",[693,76538,76540],{"id":76539},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,76542,76544],{"className":37,"code":76543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76545,76546,76574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76547,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76549,51],{"class":50},[44,76551,55],{"class":54},[44,76553,2992],{"class":58},[44,76555,931],{"class":62},[44,76557,66],{"class":58},[44,76559,7168],{"class":62},[44,76561,66],{"class":58},[44,76563,7173],{"class":62},[44,76565,66],{"class":58},[44,76567,50216],{"class":62},[44,76569,66],{"class":58},[44,76571,4454],{"class":62},[44,76573,3005],{"class":58},[44,76575,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76577,106],{"class":105},[44,76579,93],{"class":58},[44,76581,83],{"class":89},[44,76583,3270],{"class":58},[44,76585,63],{"class":62},[44,76587,1084],{"class":58},[44,76589,96],{"class":62},[44,76591,677],{"class":58},[20,76593,76594],{},"This returns:",[35,76596,76598],{"className":37,"code":76597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76599,76600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76601,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76603,3270],{"class":58},[44,76605,15122],{"class":62},[44,76607,66],{"class":58},[44,76609,7173],{"class":62},[44,76611,66],{"class":58},[44,76613,50216],{"class":62},[44,76615,3005],{"class":58},[20,76617,40274,76618,76620,76621,76623,76624,86],{},[116,76619,736],{}," include ",[15,76622,76162],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76625,96],{},[693,76627,76629],{"id":76628},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76631,16012],{},[35,76633,76635],{"className":37,"code":76634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76636,76637,76657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76638,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76640,51],{"class":50},[44,76642,55],{"class":54},[44,76644,2992],{"class":58},[44,76646,931],{"class":62},[44,76648,66],{"class":58},[44,76650,7168],{"class":62},[44,76652,66],{"class":58},[44,76654,7173],{"class":62},[44,76656,3005],{"class":58},[44,76658,76659],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76660,76661],{"class":3034},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76663,76664],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,76666,76668],{"className":37,"code":76667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76669,76670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76671,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76673,106],{"class":105},[44,76675,93],{"class":58},[44,76677,83],{"class":89},[44,76679,3270],{"class":58},[44,76681,63],{"class":62},[44,76683,1084],{"class":58},[44,76685,1433],{"class":62},[44,76687,677],{"class":58},[693,76689,76691],{"id":76690},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76693,76694],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,76696,76698],{"className":37,"code":76697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76699,76700,76724,76738,76742,76752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76701,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76703,51],{"class":50},[44,76705,55],{"class":54},[44,76707,2992],{"class":58},[44,76709,931],{"class":62},[44,76711,66],{"class":58},[44,76713,7168],{"class":62},[44,76715,66],{"class":58},[44,76717,7173],{"class":62},[44,76719,66],{"class":58},[44,76721,50216],{"class":62},[44,76723,3005],{"class":58},[44,76725,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76727,75027],{"class":50},[44,76729,55],{"class":54},[44,76731,3635],{"class":50},[44,76733,74903],{"class":58},[44,76735,472],{"class":62},[44,76737,3005],{"class":58},[44,76739,76740],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76741,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,76743,76744,76746,76748,76750],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,76745,106],{"class":105},[44,76747,93],{"class":58},[44,76749,75050],{"class":89},[44,76751,99],{"class":58},[44,76753,76754,76756,76758,76760],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,76755,106],{"class":105},[44,76757,93],{"class":58},[44,76759,83],{"class":89},[44,76761,99],{"class":58},[20,76763,118],{},[35,76765,76767],{"className":37,"code":76766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76768,76769,76781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76770,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76772,3270],{"class":58},[44,76774,931],{"class":62},[44,76776,66],{"class":58},[44,76778,7168],{"class":62},[44,76780,3005],{"class":58},[44,76782,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76784,3270],{"class":58},[44,76786,931],{"class":62},[44,76788,66],{"class":58},[44,76790,7168],{"class":62},[44,76792,66],{"class":58},[44,76794,7173],{"class":62},[44,76796,66],{"class":58},[44,76798,50216],{"class":62},[44,76800,3005],{"class":58},[20,76802,76803],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[693,76805,76807,76808,8082,76810],{"id":76806},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76809,75429],{},[15,76811,72894],{},[35,76813,76815],{"className":37,"code":76814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76816,76817,76837,76841,76858,76869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76818,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76820,51],{"class":50},[44,76822,55],{"class":54},[44,76824,2992],{"class":58},[44,76826,931],{"class":62},[44,76828,66],{"class":58},[44,76830,7168],{"class":62},[44,76832,66],{"class":58},[44,76834,7173],{"class":62},[44,76836,3005],{"class":58},[44,76838,76839],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76840,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,76842,76843,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76844,76845],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,76847,55],{"class":54},[44,76849,3635],{"class":50},[44,76851,73490],{"class":58},[44,76853,1393],{"class":54},[44,76855,63],{"class":62},[44,76857,3005],{"class":58},[44,76859,76860,76862,76864,76867],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,76861,106],{"class":105},[44,76863,93],{"class":58},[44,76865,76866],{"class":89},"reversed_copy",[44,76868,99],{"class":58},[44,76870,76871,76873,76875,76877],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,76872,106],{"class":105},[44,76874,93],{"class":58},[44,76876,83],{"class":89},[44,76878,99],{"class":58},[20,76880,118],{},[35,76882,76884],{"className":37,"code":76883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76885,76886,76902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76887,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76889,3270],{"class":58},[44,76891,36209],{"class":62},[44,76893,66],{"class":58},[44,76895,7168],{"class":62},[44,76897,66],{"class":58},[44,76899,5381],{"class":62},[44,76901,3005],{"class":58},[44,76903,76904,76906,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76905,3270],{"class":58},[44,76907,931],{"class":62},[44,76909,66],{"class":58},[44,76911,7168],{"class":62},[44,76913,66],{"class":58},[44,76915,7173],{"class":62},[44,76917,3005],{"class":58},[20,76919,76920,76923],{},[15,76921,76922],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76925,76926,76927,76930],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76928,76929],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[693,76932,76934],{"id":76933},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,76936,76937],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,76939,76941],{"className":37,"code":76940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76942,76943,76963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76944,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76946,51],{"class":50},[44,76948,55],{"class":54},[44,76950,2992],{"class":58},[44,76952,931],{"class":62},[44,76954,66],{"class":58},[44,76956,7168],{"class":62},[44,76958,66],{"class":58},[44,76960,7173],{"class":62},[44,76962,3005],{"class":58},[44,76964,76965],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,76966,76967],{"class":3034},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,76969,76970,76971,86],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,76972,40072],{},[30,76974,76976],{"id":76975},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,76978,76979],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[165,76981,76982,76989,76995,76998,77001],{},[168,76983,1138,76984,3766,76986,76988],{},[15,76985,35441],{},[15,76987,74794],{}," positions",[168,76990,76991,76992,76994],{},"Assuming the ",[15,76993,74794],{}," index is included",[168,76996,76997],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[168,76999,77000],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[168,77002,77003],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77005,77006],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77008,77010],{"className":37,"code":77009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77011,77012,77022,77036,77054,77068,77085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77013,77014,77016,77018,77020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77015,106],{"class":105},[44,77017,93],{"class":58},[44,77019,7717],{"class":89},[44,77021,99],{"class":58},[44,77023,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77025,106],{"class":105},[44,77027,93],{"class":58},[44,77029,10537],{"class":105},[44,77031,93],{"class":58},[44,77033,7717],{"class":89},[44,77035,973],{"class":58},[44,77037,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77039,106],{"class":105},[44,77041,93],{"class":58},[44,77043,7717],{"class":89},[44,77045,3270],{"class":58},[44,77047,63],{"class":62},[44,77049,1084],{"class":58},[44,77051,96],{"class":62},[44,77053,677],{"class":58},[44,77055,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,77057,106],{"class":105},[44,77059,93],{"class":58},[44,77061,7717],{"class":89},[44,77063,74903],{"class":58},[44,77065,1433],{"class":62},[44,77067,677],{"class":58},[44,77069,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,77071,106],{"class":105},[44,77073,93],{"class":58},[44,77075,7717],{"class":89},[44,77077,3270],{"class":58},[44,77079,1393],{"class":54},[44,77081,1433],{"class":62},[44,77083,77084],{"class":58},":])\n",[44,77086,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097,77099],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,77088,106],{"class":105},[44,77090,93],{"class":58},[44,77092,7717],{"class":89},[44,77094,73490],{"class":58},[44,77096,1393],{"class":54},[44,77098,63],{"class":62},[44,77100,677],{"class":58},[20,77102,1123,77103,77105,77106,77110],{},[15,77104,41730],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[184,77107,77109],{"href":77108},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,77112,1235],{"id":1234},[693,77114,77116],{"id":77115},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77118,77119],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[693,77121,77123],{"id":77122},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77125,77126],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[693,77128,4516,77130,39329],{"id":77129},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77131,75429],{},[20,77133,77134],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[693,77136,77138,77139,1863],{"id":77137},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77140,70100],{},[20,77142,77143],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,77145,1279],{"id":1278},[165,77147,77148,77153,77158,77162,77166,77170],{},[168,77149,77150],{},[184,77151,77152],{"href":50352},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[168,77154,77155],{},[184,77156,77157],{"href":56522},"How to create a list in Python",[168,77159,77160],{},[184,77161,14335],{"href":56588},[168,77163,77164],{},[184,77165,74175],{"href":74174},[168,77167,77168],{},[184,77169,77109],{"href":77108},[168,77171,77172],{},[184,77173,68628],{"href":68627},[20,77175,77176,77177,77179],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77178,41730],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1304,77181,77182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":77184},[77185,77186,77187,77188,77189,77190,77193,77197,77205,77206,77214],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":74958,"depth":80,"text":74959},{"id":75121,"depth":80,"text":75122},{"id":75383,"depth":80,"text":75384},{"id":75677,"depth":80,"text":75678},{"id":75923,"depth":80,"text":75924,"children":77191},[77192],{"id":76181,"depth":102,"text":76182},{"id":76235,"depth":80,"text":76236,"children":77194},[77195,77196],{"id":76242,"depth":102,"text":76243},{"id":76303,"depth":102,"text":76304},{"id":76510,"depth":80,"text":14547,"children":77198},[77199,77200,77201,77202,77204],{"id":76539,"depth":102,"text":76540},{"id":76628,"depth":102,"text":76629},{"id":76690,"depth":102,"text":76691},{"id":76806,"depth":102,"text":77203},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76933,"depth":102,"text":76934},{"id":76975,"depth":80,"text":76976},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":77207},[77208,77209,77210,77212],{"id":77115,"depth":102,"text":77116},{"id":77122,"depth":102,"text":77123},{"id":77129,"depth":102,"text":77211},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77137,"depth":102,"text":77213},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74781,"description":77215},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77222,"title":77223,"body":77224,"description":79293,"extension":1334,"meta":79294,"navigation":322,"path":79295,"seo":79296,"stem":79297,"__hash__":79298},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77225,"toc":79259},[77226,77231,77237,77243,77245,77292,77299,77304,77308,77323,77326,77379,77381,77406,77411,77413,77445,77448,77464,77466,77527,77529,77554,77558,77563,77616,77618,77643,77648,77709,77711,77736,77739,77746,77750,77753,77814,77816,77849,77852,77913,77915,77948,77954,78027,78029,78061,78068,78073,78078,78080,78092,78095,78173,78175,78216,78219,78293,78295,78328,78333,78340,78347,78351,78360,78364,78372,78374,78441,78443,78479,78484,78495,78497,78502,78507,78509,78572,78574,78599,78606,78611,78615,78618,78658,78663,78669,78674,78676,78703,78708,78711,78758,78760,78817,78824,78829,78835,78904,78908,78911,78974,78976,79009,79014,79016,79019,79100,79102,79126,79132,79134,79139,79143,79150,79158,79162,79164,79187,79191,79193,79220,79223,79230,79233,79235,79256],[10,77227,53713,77229,18],{"id":77228},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77230,63680],{},[20,77232,77233,77236],{},[15,77234,77235],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77238,77239,77240,77242],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77241,63680],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,77244,33],{"id":32},[35,77246,77248],{"className":37,"code":77247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77249,77250,77270,77280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77251,77252,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77253,51],{"class":50},[44,77255,55],{"class":54},[44,77257,2992],{"class":58},[44,77259,1433],{"class":62},[44,77261,66],{"class":58},[44,77263,4874],{"class":62},[44,77265,66],{"class":58},[44,77267,69],{"class":62},[44,77269,3005],{"class":58},[44,77271,77272,77274,77276,77278],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77273,83],{"class":50},[44,77275,86],{"class":58},[44,77277,34166],{"class":89},[44,77279,913],{"class":58},[44,77281,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77283,106],{"class":105},[44,77285,93],{"class":58},[44,77287,83],{"class":89},[44,77289,3031],{"class":58},[44,77291,54303],{"class":3034},[20,77293,148,77294,77296,77297,86],{},[15,77295,77235],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77298,730],{},[30,77300,155,77302,158],{"id":77301},"what-listsort-does",[15,77303,77235],{},[20,77305,77306,1084],{},[15,77307,77235],{},[165,77309,77310,77313,77316,77320],{},[168,77311,77312],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[168,77314,77315],{},"Changes the original list",[168,77317,10799,77318],{},[15,77319,730],{},[168,77321,77322],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77324,77325],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,77327,77329],{"className":37,"code":77328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77330,77331,77355,77365,77369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77332,77333,77335,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77334,51],{"class":50},[44,77336,55],{"class":54},[44,77338,2992],{"class":58},[44,77340,1508],{"class":62},[44,77342,66],{"class":58},[44,77344,69],{"class":62},[44,77346,66],{"class":58},[44,77348,53507],{"class":62},[44,77350,66],{"class":58},[44,77352,4874],{"class":62},[44,77354,3005],{"class":58},[44,77356,77357,77359,77361,77363],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77358,83],{"class":50},[44,77360,86],{"class":58},[44,77362,34166],{"class":89},[44,77364,913],{"class":58},[44,77366,77367],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77368,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,77370,77371,77373,77375,77377],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,77372,106],{"class":105},[44,77374,93],{"class":58},[44,77376,83],{"class":89},[44,77378,99],{"class":58},[20,77380,118],{},[35,77382,77384],{"className":37,"code":77383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77385,77386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77387,77388,77390,77392,77394,77396,77398,77400,77402,77404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77389,3270],{"class":58},[44,77391,63],{"class":62},[44,77393,66],{"class":58},[44,77395,69],{"class":62},[44,77397,66],{"class":58},[44,77399,1064],{"class":62},[44,77401,66],{"class":58},[44,77403,53507],{"class":62},[44,77405,3005],{"class":58},[20,77407,77408,77409,86],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[184,77410,66446],{"href":50352},[30,77412,196],{"id":195},[35,77414,77416],{"className":37,"code":77415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77417,77418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77419,77420,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436,77439,77441,77443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77421,7717],{"class":50},[44,77423,86],{"class":58},[44,77425,34166],{"class":89},[44,77427,93],{"class":58},[44,77429,14212],{"class":8554},[44,77431,55],{"class":54},[44,77433,730],{"class":871},[44,77435,66],{"class":58},[44,77437,77438],{"class":8554}," reverse",[44,77440,55],{"class":54},[44,77442,3045],{"class":871},[44,77444,99],{"class":58},[20,77446,77447],{},"Main arguments:",[165,77449,77450,77455,77461],{},[168,77451,77452,77454],{},[15,77453,14212],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[168,77456,77457,77460],{},[15,77458,77459],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[168,77462,77463],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77465,894],{},[35,77467,77469],{"className":37,"code":77468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77470,77471,77495,77513,77517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77472,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481,77483,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77474,51],{"class":50},[44,77476,55],{"class":54},[44,77478,2992],{"class":58},[44,77480,96],{"class":62},[44,77482,66],{"class":58},[44,77484,4874],{"class":62},[44,77486,66],{"class":58},[44,77488,5370],{"class":62},[44,77490,66],{"class":58},[44,77492,69],{"class":62},[44,77494,3005],{"class":58},[44,77496,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509,77511],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77498,83],{"class":50},[44,77500,86],{"class":58},[44,77502,34166],{"class":89},[44,77504,93],{"class":58},[44,77506,72945],{"class":8554},[44,77508,55],{"class":54},[44,77510,987],{"class":871},[44,77512,99],{"class":58},[44,77514,77515],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77516,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,77518,77519,77521,77523,77525],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,77520,106],{"class":105},[44,77522,93],{"class":58},[44,77524,83],{"class":89},[44,77526,99],{"class":58},[20,77528,118],{},[35,77530,77532],{"className":37,"code":77531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77533,77534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77535,77536,77538,77540,77542,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77537,3270],{"class":58},[44,77539,1396],{"class":62},[44,77541,66],{"class":58},[44,77543,143],{"class":62},[44,77545,66],{"class":58},[44,77547,69],{"class":62},[44,77549,66],{"class":58},[44,77551,4874],{"class":62},[44,77553,3005],{"class":58},[30,77555,77557],{"id":77556},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77559,148,77560,77562],{},[15,77561,63680],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,77564,77566],{"className":37,"code":77565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77567,77568,77592,77602,77606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77569,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77571,51],{"class":50},[44,77573,55],{"class":54},[44,77575,2992],{"class":58},[44,77577,931],{"class":62},[44,77579,66],{"class":58},[44,77581,74],{"class":62},[44,77583,66],{"class":58},[44,77585,5736],{"class":62},[44,77587,66],{"class":58},[44,77589,4874],{"class":62},[44,77591,3005],{"class":58},[44,77593,77594,77596,77598,77600],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77595,83],{"class":50},[44,77597,86],{"class":58},[44,77599,34166],{"class":89},[44,77601,913],{"class":58},[44,77603,77604],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77605,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,77607,77608,77610,77612,77614],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,77609,106],{"class":105},[44,77611,93],{"class":58},[44,77613,83],{"class":89},[44,77615,99],{"class":58},[20,77617,118],{},[35,77619,77621],{"className":37,"code":77620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77622,77623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77624,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639,77641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77626,3270],{"class":58},[44,77628,63],{"class":62},[44,77630,66],{"class":58},[44,77632,74],{"class":62},[44,77634,66],{"class":58},[44,77636,5736],{"class":62},[44,77638,66],{"class":58},[44,77640,5381],{"class":62},[44,77642,3005],{"class":58},[20,77644,148,77645,77647],{},[15,77646,77459],{}," for descending order:",[35,77649,77651],{"className":37,"code":77650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77652,77653,77677,77695,77699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77654,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673,77675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77656,51],{"class":50},[44,77658,55],{"class":54},[44,77660,2992],{"class":58},[44,77662,931],{"class":62},[44,77664,66],{"class":58},[44,77666,74],{"class":62},[44,77668,66],{"class":58},[44,77670,5736],{"class":62},[44,77672,66],{"class":58},[44,77674,4874],{"class":62},[44,77676,3005],{"class":58},[44,77678,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691,77693],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77680,83],{"class":50},[44,77682,86],{"class":58},[44,77684,34166],{"class":89},[44,77686,93],{"class":58},[44,77688,72945],{"class":8554},[44,77690,55],{"class":54},[44,77692,987],{"class":871},[44,77694,99],{"class":58},[44,77696,77697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77698,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,77700,77701,77703,77705,77707],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,77702,106],{"class":105},[44,77704,93],{"class":58},[44,77706,83],{"class":89},[44,77708,99],{"class":58},[20,77710,118],{},[35,77712,77714],{"className":37,"code":77713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77715,77716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77717,77718,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732,77734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77719,3270],{"class":58},[44,77721,931],{"class":62},[44,77723,66],{"class":58},[44,77725,5736],{"class":62},[44,77727,66],{"class":58},[44,77729,74],{"class":62},[44,77731,66],{"class":58},[44,77733,4874],{"class":62},[44,77735,3005],{"class":58},[20,77737,77738],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77740,77741,77742,86],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[184,77743,77745],{"href":77744},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,77747,77749],{"id":77748},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77751,77752],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,77754,77756],{"className":37,"code":77755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77757,77758,77790,77800,77804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77759,77760,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77761,3441],{"class":50},[44,77763,55],{"class":54},[44,77765,2992],{"class":58},[44,77767,279],{"class":278},[44,77769,3459],{"class":282},[44,77771,279],{"class":278},[44,77773,66],{"class":58},[44,77775,290],{"class":278},[44,77777,3450],{"class":282},[44,77779,279],{"class":278},[44,77781,66],{"class":58},[44,77783,290],{"class":278},[44,77785,3468],{"class":282},[44,77787,279],{"class":278},[44,77789,3005],{"class":58},[44,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77793,3485],{"class":50},[44,77795,86],{"class":58},[44,77797,34166],{"class":89},[44,77799,913],{"class":58},[44,77801,77802],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77803,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,77805,77806,77808,77810,77812],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,77807,106],{"class":105},[44,77809,93],{"class":58},[44,77811,3485],{"class":89},[44,77813,99],{"class":58},[20,77815,118],{},[35,77817,77819],{"className":37,"code":77818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77820,77821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77822,77823,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77824,3270],{"class":58},[44,77826,351],{"class":278},[44,77828,3450],{"class":282},[44,77830,351],{"class":278},[44,77832,66],{"class":58},[44,77834,360],{"class":278},[44,77836,3459],{"class":282},[44,77838,351],{"class":278},[44,77840,66],{"class":58},[44,77842,360],{"class":278},[44,77844,3468],{"class":282},[44,77846,351],{"class":278},[44,77848,3005],{"class":58},[20,77850,77851],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,77853,77855],{"className":37,"code":77854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77856,77857,77889,77899,77903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77858,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77860,3441],{"class":50},[44,77862,55],{"class":54},[44,77864,2992],{"class":58},[44,77866,279],{"class":278},[44,77868,3459],{"class":282},[44,77870,279],{"class":278},[44,77872,66],{"class":58},[44,77874,290],{"class":278},[44,77876,57137],{"class":282},[44,77878,279],{"class":278},[44,77880,66],{"class":58},[44,77882,290],{"class":278},[44,77884,3468],{"class":282},[44,77886,279],{"class":278},[44,77888,3005],{"class":58},[44,77890,77891,77893,77895,77897],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77892,3485],{"class":50},[44,77894,86],{"class":58},[44,77896,34166],{"class":89},[44,77898,913],{"class":58},[44,77900,77901],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77902,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,77904,77905,77907,77909,77911],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,77906,106],{"class":105},[44,77908,93],{"class":58},[44,77910,3485],{"class":89},[44,77912,99],{"class":58},[20,77914,118],{},[35,77916,77918],{"className":37,"code":77917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77919,77920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77921,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944,77946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77923,3270],{"class":58},[44,77925,351],{"class":278},[44,77927,57137],{"class":282},[44,77929,351],{"class":278},[44,77931,66],{"class":58},[44,77933,360],{"class":278},[44,77935,3459],{"class":282},[44,77937,351],{"class":278},[44,77939,66],{"class":58},[44,77941,360],{"class":278},[44,77943,3468],{"class":282},[44,77945,351],{"class":278},[44,77947,3005],{"class":58},[20,77949,77950,77951,1084],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,77952,77953],{},"key=str.lower",[35,77955,77957],{"className":37,"code":77956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77958,77959,77991,78013,78017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77960,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77962,3441],{"class":50},[44,77964,55],{"class":54},[44,77966,2992],{"class":58},[44,77968,279],{"class":278},[44,77970,3459],{"class":282},[44,77972,279],{"class":278},[44,77974,66],{"class":58},[44,77976,290],{"class":278},[44,77978,57137],{"class":282},[44,77980,279],{"class":278},[44,77982,66],{"class":58},[44,77984,290],{"class":278},[44,77986,3468],{"class":282},[44,77988,279],{"class":278},[44,77990,3005],{"class":58},[44,77992,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,77994,3485],{"class":50},[44,77996,86],{"class":58},[44,77998,34166],{"class":89},[44,78000,93],{"class":58},[44,78002,14212],{"class":8554},[44,78004,55],{"class":54},[44,78006,2812],{"class":909},[44,78008,86],{"class":58},[44,78010,8018],{"class":1219},[44,78012,99],{"class":58},[44,78014,78015],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78016,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78018,78019,78021,78023,78025],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,78020,106],{"class":105},[44,78022,93],{"class":58},[44,78024,3485],{"class":89},[44,78026,99],{"class":58},[20,78028,118],{},[35,78030,78031],{"className":37,"code":77917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78032,78033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78034,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78036,3270],{"class":58},[44,78038,351],{"class":278},[44,78040,57137],{"class":282},[44,78042,351],{"class":278},[44,78044,66],{"class":58},[44,78046,360],{"class":278},[44,78048,3459],{"class":282},[44,78050,351],{"class":278},[44,78052,66],{"class":58},[44,78054,360],{"class":278},[44,78056,3468],{"class":282},[44,78058,351],{"class":278},[44,78060,3005],{"class":58},[20,78062,78063,78064,78067],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78065,78066],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,78069,35980,78071,35983],{"id":78070},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78072,14212],{},[20,78074,1351,78075,78077],{},[15,78076,14212],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78079,6720],{},[165,78081,78082,78087],{},[168,78083,78084,78086],{},[15,78085,10537],{}," to sort by length",[168,78088,78089,78091],{},[15,78090,78066],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78093,78094],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78096,78098],{"className":37,"code":78097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78099,78100,78141,78159,78163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78101,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78103,3441],{"class":50},[44,78105,55],{"class":54},[44,78107,2992],{"class":58},[44,78109,279],{"class":278},[44,78111,78112],{"class":282},"pear",[44,78114,279],{"class":278},[44,78116,66],{"class":58},[44,78118,290],{"class":278},[44,78120,3459],{"class":282},[44,78122,279],{"class":278},[44,78124,66],{"class":58},[44,78126,290],{"class":278},[44,78128,37726],{"class":282},[44,78130,279],{"class":278},[44,78132,66],{"class":58},[44,78134,290],{"class":278},[44,78136,3450],{"class":282},[44,78138,279],{"class":278},[44,78140,3005],{"class":58},[44,78142,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78144,3485],{"class":50},[44,78146,86],{"class":58},[44,78148,34166],{"class":89},[44,78150,93],{"class":58},[44,78152,14212],{"class":8554},[44,78154,55],{"class":54},[44,78156,10537],{"class":105},[44,78158,99],{"class":58},[44,78160,78161],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78162,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78164,78165,78167,78169,78171],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,78166,106],{"class":105},[44,78168,93],{"class":58},[44,78170,3485],{"class":89},[44,78172,99],{"class":58},[20,78174,118],{},[35,78176,78178],{"className":37,"code":78177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78179,78180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78181,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78183,3270],{"class":58},[44,78185,351],{"class":278},[44,78187,37726],{"class":282},[44,78189,351],{"class":278},[44,78191,66],{"class":58},[44,78193,360],{"class":278},[44,78195,78112],{"class":282},[44,78197,351],{"class":278},[44,78199,66],{"class":58},[44,78201,360],{"class":278},[44,78203,3450],{"class":282},[44,78205,351],{"class":278},[44,78207,66],{"class":58},[44,78209,360],{"class":278},[44,78211,3459],{"class":282},[44,78213,351],{"class":278},[44,78215,3005],{"class":58},[20,78217,78218],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,78220,78222],{"className":37,"code":78221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78223,78224,78257,78279,78283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78225,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78253,78255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78227,3441],{"class":50},[44,78229,55],{"class":54},[44,78231,2992],{"class":58},[44,78233,279],{"class":278},[44,78235,4386],{"class":282},[44,78237,279],{"class":278},[44,78239,66],{"class":58},[44,78241,290],{"class":278},[44,78243,17169],{"class":282},[44,78245,279],{"class":278},[44,78247,66],{"class":58},[44,78249,290],{"class":278},[44,78251,78252],{"class":282},"Carol",[44,78254,279],{"class":278},[44,78256,3005],{"class":58},[44,78258,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78260,3485],{"class":50},[44,78262,86],{"class":58},[44,78264,34166],{"class":89},[44,78266,93],{"class":58},[44,78268,14212],{"class":8554},[44,78270,55],{"class":54},[44,78272,2812],{"class":909},[44,78274,86],{"class":58},[44,78276,8018],{"class":1219},[44,78278,99],{"class":58},[44,78280,78281],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78282,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78284,78285,78287,78289,78291],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,78286,106],{"class":105},[44,78288,93],{"class":58},[44,78290,3485],{"class":89},[44,78292,99],{"class":58},[20,78294,118],{},[35,78296,78298],{"className":37,"code":78297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78299,78300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78301,78302,78304,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78303,3270],{"class":58},[44,78305,351],{"class":278},[44,78307,17169],{"class":282},[44,78309,351],{"class":278},[44,78311,66],{"class":58},[44,78313,360],{"class":278},[44,78315,4386],{"class":282},[44,78317,351],{"class":278},[44,78319,66],{"class":58},[44,78321,360],{"class":278},[44,78323,78252],{"class":282},[44,78325,351],{"class":278},[44,78327,3005],{"class":58},[20,78329,1351,78330,78332],{},[15,78331,14212],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,78334,78336,525,78338],{"id":78335},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78337,77235],{},[15,78339,73792],{},[20,78341,78342,3766,78344,78346],{},[15,78343,77235],{},[15,78345,73792],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78348,78349,1084],{},[15,78350,77235],{},[165,78352,78353,78356],{},[168,78354,78355],{},"Changes the existing list",[168,78357,10799,78358],{},[15,78359,730],{},[20,78361,78362,1084],{},[15,78363,73792],{},[165,78365,78366,78369],{},[168,78367,78368],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[168,78370,78371],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78373,894],{},[35,78375,78377],{"className":37,"code":78376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78378,78379,78399,78403,78417,78421,78431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78380,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78382,51],{"class":50},[44,78384,55],{"class":54},[44,78386,2992],{"class":58},[44,78388,1433],{"class":62},[44,78390,66],{"class":58},[44,78392,4874],{"class":62},[44,78394,66],{"class":58},[44,78396,69],{"class":62},[44,78398,3005],{"class":58},[44,78400,78401],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78402,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78404,78405,78407,78409,78411,78413,78415],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78406,55261],{"class":50},[44,78408,55],{"class":54},[44,78410,73926],{"class":105},[44,78412,93],{"class":58},[44,78414,83],{"class":89},[44,78416,99],{"class":58},[44,78418,78419],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,78420,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78422,78423,78425,78427,78429],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,78424,106],{"class":105},[44,78426,93],{"class":58},[44,78428,83],{"class":89},[44,78430,99],{"class":58},[44,78432,78433,78435,78437,78439],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,78434,106],{"class":105},[44,78436,93],{"class":58},[44,78438,73649],{"class":89},[44,78440,99],{"class":58},[20,78442,118],{},[35,78444,78445],{"className":37,"code":73961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78446,78447,78463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78448,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78450,3270],{"class":58},[44,78452,1433],{"class":62},[44,78454,66],{"class":58},[44,78456,4874],{"class":62},[44,78458,66],{"class":58},[44,78460,69],{"class":62},[44,78462,3005],{"class":58},[44,78464,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78466,3270],{"class":58},[44,78468,63],{"class":62},[44,78470,66],{"class":58},[44,78472,69],{"class":62},[44,78474,66],{"class":58},[44,78476,74],{"class":62},[44,78478,3005],{"class":58},[20,78480,148,78481,78483],{},[15,78482,73792],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78485,78486,78487,3766,78491,86],{},"You can learn more in ",[184,78488,2945,78489,5159],{"href":73889},[15,78490,73792],{},[184,78492,78494],{"href":78493},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,78496,1113],{"id":1112},[20,78498,78499,78500,86],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78501,77235],{},[693,78503,11967,78505],{"id":78504},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78506,63680],{},[20,78508,25057],{},[35,78510,78512],{"className":37,"code":78511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78513,78514,78534,78548,78552,78562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78515,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78517,51],{"class":50},[44,78519,55],{"class":54},[44,78521,2992],{"class":58},[44,78523,1433],{"class":62},[44,78525,66],{"class":58},[44,78527,4874],{"class":62},[44,78529,66],{"class":58},[44,78531,69],{"class":62},[44,78533,3005],{"class":58},[44,78535,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78537,1602],{"class":50},[44,78539,55],{"class":54},[44,78541,3635],{"class":50},[44,78543,86],{"class":58},[44,78545,34166],{"class":89},[44,78547,913],{"class":58},[44,78549,78550],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78551,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78553,78554,78556,78558,78560],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,78555,106],{"class":105},[44,78557,93],{"class":58},[44,78559,1637],{"class":89},[44,78561,99],{"class":58},[44,78563,78564,78566,78568,78570],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,78565,106],{"class":105},[44,78567,93],{"class":58},[44,78569,83],{"class":89},[44,78571,99],{"class":58},[20,78573,118],{},[35,78575,78577],{"className":37,"code":78576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78578,78579,78583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78580,78581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78582,864],{"class":871},[44,78584,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78586,3270],{"class":58},[44,78588,63],{"class":62},[44,78590,66],{"class":58},[44,78592,69],{"class":62},[44,78594,66],{"class":58},[44,78596,74],{"class":62},[44,78598,3005],{"class":58},[20,78600,78601,78603,78604,86],{},[15,78602,63680],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78605,730],{},[20,78607,78608,78609,6007],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78610,73792],{},[693,78612,78614],{"id":78613},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78616,78617],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,78619,78621],{"className":37,"code":78620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78622,78623,78648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78624,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78640,78642,78644,78646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78626,904],{"class":50},[44,78628,55],{"class":54},[44,78630,2992],{"class":58},[44,78632,63],{"class":62},[44,78634,66],{"class":58},[44,78636,290],{"class":278},[44,78638,78639],{"class":282},"two",[44,78641,279],{"class":278},[44,78643,66],{"class":58},[44,78645,74],{"class":62},[44,78647,3005],{"class":58},[44,78649,78650,78652,78654,78656],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78651,922],{"class":50},[44,78653,86],{"class":58},[44,78655,34166],{"class":89},[44,78657,913],{"class":58},[20,78659,2371,78660,78662],{},[15,78661,1081],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[693,78664,4077,78666,78668],{"id":78665},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78667,63680],{}," only works on lists",[20,78670,78671,78673],{},[15,78672,63680],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78675,16012],{},[35,78677,78679],{"className":37,"code":78678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78680,78681,78693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78682,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78684,34054],{"class":50},[44,78686,55],{"class":54},[44,78688,290],{"class":278},[44,78690,39],{"class":282},[44,78692,2727],{"class":278},[44,78694,78695,78697,78699,78701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78696,34075],{"class":50},[44,78698,86],{"class":58},[44,78700,34166],{"class":89},[44,78702,913],{"class":58},[20,78704,78705,78706,32966],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78707,63680],{},[20,78709,78710],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,78712,78714],{"className":37,"code":78713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78715,78716,78734,78744,78748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78717,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78719,546],{"class":50},[44,78721,55],{"class":54},[44,78723,21927],{"class":909},[44,78725,93],{"class":58},[44,78727,279],{"class":278},[44,78729,39],{"class":282},[44,78731,279],{"class":278},[44,78733,99],{"class":58},[44,78735,78736,78738,78740,78742],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78737,572],{"class":50},[44,78739,86],{"class":58},[44,78741,34166],{"class":89},[44,78743,913],{"class":58},[44,78745,78746],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78747,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78749,78750,78752,78754,78756],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,78751,106],{"class":105},[44,78753,93],{"class":58},[44,78755,572],{"class":89},[44,78757,99],{"class":58},[20,78759,118],{},[35,78761,78763],{"className":37,"code":78762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78764,78765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78766,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78768,3270],{"class":58},[44,78770,351],{"class":278},[44,78772,59808],{"class":282},[44,78774,351],{"class":278},[44,78776,66],{"class":58},[44,78778,360],{"class":278},[44,78780,75398],{"class":282},[44,78782,351],{"class":278},[44,78784,66],{"class":58},[44,78786,360],{"class":278},[44,78788,59842],{"class":282},[44,78790,351],{"class":278},[44,78792,66],{"class":58},[44,78794,360],{"class":278},[44,78796,20],{"class":282},[44,78798,351],{"class":278},[44,78800,66],{"class":58},[44,78802,360],{"class":278},[44,78804,62655],{"class":282},[44,78806,351],{"class":278},[44,78808,66],{"class":58},[44,78810,360],{"class":278},[44,78812,11118],{"class":282},[44,78814,351],{"class":278},[44,78816,3005],{"class":58},[693,78818,78820,78821,78823],{"id":78819},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78822,14212],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78825,78826,78827,86],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78828,14212],{},[20,78830,78831,78832,78834],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78833,63680],{}," will not do that:",[35,78836,78838],{"className":37,"code":78837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78839,78840,78872,78890,78894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78841,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78843,3441],{"class":50},[44,78845,55],{"class":54},[44,78847,2992],{"class":58},[44,78849,279],{"class":278},[44,78851,3459],{"class":282},[44,78853,279],{"class":278},[44,78855,66],{"class":58},[44,78857,290],{"class":278},[44,78859,37726],{"class":282},[44,78861,279],{"class":278},[44,78863,66],{"class":58},[44,78865,290],{"class":278},[44,78867,3450],{"class":282},[44,78869,279],{"class":278},[44,78871,3005],{"class":58},[44,78873,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78875,3485],{"class":50},[44,78877,86],{"class":58},[44,78879,34166],{"class":89},[44,78881,93],{"class":58},[44,78883,14212],{"class":8554},[44,78885,55],{"class":54},[44,78887,10537],{"class":105},[44,78889,99],{"class":58},[44,78891,78892],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78893,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78895,78896,78898,78900,78902],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,78897,106],{"class":105},[44,78899,93],{"class":58},[44,78901,3485],{"class":89},[44,78903,99],{"class":58},[693,78905,78907],{"id":78906},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78909,78910],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,78912,78914],{"className":37,"code":78913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78915,78916,78950,78960,78964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78917,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78946,78948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78919,3441],{"class":50},[44,78921,55],{"class":54},[44,78923,2992],{"class":58},[44,78925,279],{"class":278},[44,78927,78928],{"class":282},"zebra",[44,78930,279],{"class":278},[44,78932,66],{"class":58},[44,78934,290],{"class":278},[44,78936,57137],{"class":282},[44,78938,279],{"class":278},[44,78940,66],{"class":58},[44,78942,290],{"class":278},[44,78944,78945],{"class":282},"monkey",[44,78947,279],{"class":278},[44,78949,3005],{"class":58},[44,78951,78952,78954,78956,78958],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,78953,3485],{"class":50},[44,78955,86],{"class":58},[44,78957,34166],{"class":89},[44,78959,913],{"class":58},[44,78961,78962],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78963,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,78965,78966,78968,78970,78972],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,78967,106],{"class":105},[44,78969,93],{"class":58},[44,78971,3485],{"class":89},[44,78973,99],{"class":58},[20,78975,118],{},[35,78977,78979],{"className":37,"code":78978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,78980,78981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78982,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78984,3270],{"class":58},[44,78986,351],{"class":278},[44,78988,57137],{"class":282},[44,78990,351],{"class":278},[44,78992,66],{"class":58},[44,78994,360],{"class":278},[44,78996,78945],{"class":282},[44,78998,351],{"class":278},[44,79000,66],{"class":58},[44,79002,360],{"class":278},[44,79004,78928],{"class":282},[44,79006,351],{"class":278},[44,79008,3005],{"class":58},[20,79010,148,79011,79013],{},[15,79012,77953],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[693,79015,60079],{"id":60078},[20,79017,79018],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79020,79022],{"className":37,"code":79021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79023,79024,79034,79048,79062,79076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79025,79026,79028,79030,79032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79027,106],{"class":105},[44,79029,93],{"class":58},[44,79031,7717],{"class":89},[44,79033,99],{"class":58},[44,79035,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,79037,106],{"class":105},[44,79039,93],{"class":58},[44,79041,1090],{"class":909},[44,79043,93],{"class":58},[44,79045,7717],{"class":89},[44,79047,973],{"class":58},[44,79049,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79051,106],{"class":105},[44,79053,93],{"class":58},[44,79055,7717],{"class":89},[44,79057,86],{"class":58},[44,79059,34166],{"class":89},[44,79061,6571],{"class":58},[44,79063,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,79065,106],{"class":105},[44,79067,93],{"class":58},[44,79069,73882],{"class":105},[44,79071,93],{"class":58},[44,79073,7717],{"class":89},[44,79075,973],{"class":58},[44,79077,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,79079,106],{"class":105},[44,79081,650],{"class":58},[44,79083,1090],{"class":909},[44,79085,93],{"class":58},[44,79087,215],{"class":89},[44,79089,3031],{"class":58},[44,79091,3247],{"class":3246},[44,79093,5337],{"class":89},[44,79095,3253],{"class":3246},[44,79097,7774],{"class":89},[44,79099,677],{"class":58},[20,79101,10546],{},[165,79103,79104,79107,79110,79117,79123],{},[168,79105,79106],{},"What values are in the list",[168,79108,79109],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[168,79111,79112,79113,727,79115],{},"That ",[15,79114,63680],{},[15,79116,730],{},[168,79118,79119,79120,79122],{},"Whether ",[15,79121,73792],{}," works better for your case",[168,79124,79125],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79127,79128,79129,79131],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79130,1081],{}," problems.",[30,79133,1235],{"id":1234},[693,79135,1239,79137,54840],{"id":79136},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79138,77235],{},[20,79140,61971,79141,86],{},[15,79142,730],{},[693,79144,4554,79146,3766,79148,1863],{"id":79145},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79147,63680],{},[15,79149,73792],{},[20,79151,79152,79154,79155,79157],{},[15,79153,63680],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79156,73792],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[693,79159,79161],{"id":79160},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79163,18061],{},[35,79165,79167],{"className":37,"code":79166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79168,79169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79170,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79172,7717],{"class":50},[44,79174,86],{"class":58},[44,79176,34166],{"class":89},[44,79178,93],{"class":58},[44,79180,72945],{"class":8554},[44,79182,55],{"class":54},[44,79184,987],{"class":871},[44,79186,99],{"class":58},[693,79188,79190],{"id":79189},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79192,18061],{},[35,79194,79196],{"className":37,"code":79195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79197,79198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79199,79200,79202,79204,79206,79208,79210,79212,79214,79216,79218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79201,7717],{"class":50},[44,79203,86],{"class":58},[44,79205,34166],{"class":89},[44,79207,93],{"class":58},[44,79209,14212],{"class":8554},[44,79211,55],{"class":54},[44,79213,2812],{"class":909},[44,79215,86],{"class":58},[44,79217,8018],{"class":1219},[44,79219,99],{"class":58},[20,79221,79222],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[693,79224,79226,79227,79229],{"id":79225},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79228,1081],{}," when sorting?",[20,79231,79232],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,79234,1279],{"id":1278},[165,79236,79237,79242,79248,79252],{},[168,79238,79239],{},[184,79240,79241],{"href":77744},"How to sort a list in Python",[168,79243,79244],{},[184,79245,2945,79246,5159],{"href":73889},[15,79247,73792],{},[168,79249,79250],{},[184,79251,66446],{"href":50352},[168,79253,79254],{},[184,79255,78494],{"href":78493},[1304,79257,79258],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":79260},[79261,79262,79264,79265,79266,79267,79269,79271,79282,79292],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":77301,"depth":80,"text":79263},"What list.sort() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":77556,"depth":80,"text":77557},{"id":77748,"depth":80,"text":77749},{"id":78070,"depth":80,"text":79268},"Using the key argument",{"id":78335,"depth":80,"text":79270},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":79272},[79273,79275,79276,79278,79280,79281],{"id":78504,"depth":102,"text":79274},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78613,"depth":102,"text":78614},{"id":78665,"depth":102,"text":79277},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78819,"depth":102,"text":79279},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78906,"depth":102,"text":78907},{"id":60078,"depth":102,"text":60079},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":79283},[79284,79286,79288,79289,79290],{"id":79136,"depth":102,"text":79285},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79145,"depth":102,"text":79287},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79160,"depth":102,"text":79161},{"id":79189,"depth":102,"text":79190},{"id":79225,"depth":102,"text":79291},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77223,"description":79293},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79300,"title":79301,"body":79302,"description":81932,"extension":1334,"meta":81933,"navigation":322,"path":81934,"seo":81935,"stem":81936,"__hash__":81937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79303,"toc":81891},[79304,79309,79314,79317,79328,79331,79351,79353,79415,79417,79458,79467,79472,79477,79483,79494,79496,79515,79518,79523,79528,79530,79535,79549,79551,79569,79572,79589,79592,79598,79621,79626,79628,79631,79692,79694,79727,79729,79768,79776,79786,79792,79797,79890,79892,79916,79918,79936,79939,79970,79976,79981,79984,79986,80111,80113,80137,80139,80158,80164,80170,80289,80291,80308,80315,80321,80326,80333,80339,80341,80398,80401,80422,80425,80428,80489,80491,80524,80528,80598,80600,80617,80621,80624,80699,80701,80738,80741,80744,80815,80817,80878,80883,80888,80891,80905,80907,80980,80982,81002,81005,81008,81065,81127,81130,81162,81165,81180,81185,81187,81193,81196,81252,81255,81257,81276,81280,81282,81326,81335,81337,81397,81401,81404,81406,81498,81500,81615,81619,81621,81695,81698,81701,81703,81708,81773,81775,81799,81809,81811,81817,81826,81835,81844,81850,81853,81857,81860,81862,81888],[10,79305,2945,79307,2949],{"id":79306},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79308,39085],{},[20,79310,2952,79311,79313],{},[15,79312,39085],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79315,79316],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[165,79318,79319,79322,79325],{},[168,79320,79321],{},"converting numbers to strings",[168,79323,79324],{},"changing strings to integers",[168,79326,79327],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79329,79330],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[165,79332,79333,79340,79346],{},[168,79334,79335,13425,79337,79339],{},[15,79336,39085],{},[116,79338,736],{}," return a list in Python 3",[168,79341,79342,79343],{},"it returns a ",[116,79344,79345],{},"map object",[168,79347,79348,79349],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79350,24147],{},[30,79352,33],{"id":32},[35,79354,79356],{"className":37,"code":79355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79357,79358,79382,79401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79359,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79361,51],{"class":50},[44,79363,55],{"class":54},[44,79365,2992],{"class":58},[44,79367,63],{"class":62},[44,79369,66],{"class":58},[44,79371,69],{"class":62},[44,79373,66],{"class":58},[44,79375,74],{"class":62},[44,79377,66],{"class":58},[44,79379,143],{"class":62},[44,79381,3005],{"class":58},[44,79383,79384,79386,79388,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,79385,1602],{"class":50},[44,79387,55],{"class":54},[44,79389,79390],{"class":105}," map",[44,79392,93],{"class":58},[44,79394,2812],{"class":909},[44,79396,66],{"class":58},[44,79398,3635],{"class":89},[44,79400,99],{"class":58},[44,79402,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79404,106],{"class":105},[44,79406,93],{"class":58},[44,79408,1097],{"class":909},[44,79410,93],{"class":58},[44,79412,1637],{"class":89},[44,79414,973],{"class":58},[20,79416,118],{},[35,79418,79420],{"className":37,"code":79419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79421,79422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79423,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79425,3270],{"class":58},[44,79427,351],{"class":278},[44,79429,63],{"class":282},[44,79431,351],{"class":278},[44,79433,66],{"class":58},[44,79435,360],{"class":278},[44,79437,472],{"class":282},[44,79439,351],{"class":278},[44,79441,66],{"class":58},[44,79443,360],{"class":278},[44,79445,1433],{"class":282},[44,79447,351],{"class":278},[44,79449,66],{"class":58},[44,79451,360],{"class":278},[44,79453,96],{"class":282},[44,79455,351],{"class":278},[44,79457,3005],{"class":58},[20,79459,148,79460,79463,79464,79466],{},[15,79461,79462],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79465,24147],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,79468,155,79470,158],{"id":79469},"what-map-does",[15,79471,39085],{},[20,79473,79474,79476],{},[15,79475,39085],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79478,79479,79480,79482],{},"An ",[116,79481,3091],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[165,79484,79485,79487,79489,79491],{},[168,79486,37269],{},[168,79488,37272],{},[168,79490,37275],{},[168,79492,79493],{},"a range object",[20,79495,30090],{},[35,79497,79499],{"className":37,"code":79498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79500,79501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79502,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79504,39228],{"class":105},[44,79506,93],{"class":58},[44,79508,37228],{"class":89},[44,79510,66],{"class":58},[44,79512,37233],{"class":89},[44,79514,99],{"class":58},[20,79516,79517],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79519,79520,79521,33107],{},"Important: the result is a ",[116,79522,79345],{},[20,79524,79525,79526,86],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[184,79527,4510],{"href":4509},[30,79529,196],{"id":195},[20,79531,79532,79534],{},[15,79533,39085],{}," needs at least two parts:",[165,79536,79537,79543],{},[168,79538,79539,79542],{},[116,79540,79541],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[168,79544,79545,79548],{},[116,79546,79547],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79550,3076],{},[35,79552,79553],{"className":37,"code":79498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79554,79555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79556,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79558,39228],{"class":105},[44,79560,93],{"class":58},[44,79562,37228],{"class":89},[44,79564,66],{"class":58},[44,79566,37233],{"class":89},[44,79568,99],{"class":58},[20,79570,79571],{},"You can pass:",[165,79573,79574,79583,79586],{},[168,79575,79576,79577,1561,79579,1565,79581],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79578,2812],{},[15,79580,1560],{},[15,79582,1388],{},[168,79584,79585],{},"your own custom function",[168,79587,79588],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79590,79591],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79593,79594,79595,79597],{},"You will often see ",[15,79596,39085],{}," used like this:",[35,79599,79601],{"className":37,"code":79600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79602,79603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79604,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79606,1097],{"class":909},[44,79608,93],{"class":58},[44,79610,39228],{"class":105},[44,79612,93],{"class":58},[44,79614,37228],{"class":89},[44,79616,66],{"class":58},[44,79618,3256],{"class":89},[44,79620,973],{"class":58},[20,79622,6053,79623,79625],{},[15,79624,24147],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,79627,258],{"id":257},[20,79629,79630],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,79632,79634],{"className":37,"code":79633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79635,79636,79656,79674,79678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79637,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79639,51],{"class":50},[44,79641,55],{"class":54},[44,79643,2992],{"class":58},[44,79645,931],{"class":62},[44,79647,66],{"class":58},[44,79649,7168],{"class":62},[44,79651,66],{"class":58},[44,79653,7173],{"class":62},[44,79655,3005],{"class":58},[44,79657,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,79659,1602],{"class":50},[44,79661,55],{"class":54},[44,79663,79390],{"class":105},[44,79665,93],{"class":58},[44,79667,2812],{"class":909},[44,79669,66],{"class":58},[44,79671,3635],{"class":89},[44,79673,99],{"class":58},[44,79675,79676],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79677,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,79679,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,79681,106],{"class":105},[44,79683,93],{"class":58},[44,79685,1097],{"class":909},[44,79687,93],{"class":58},[44,79689,1637],{"class":89},[44,79691,973],{"class":58},[20,79693,118],{},[35,79695,79697],{"className":37,"code":79696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79698,79699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79700,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79702,3270],{"class":58},[44,79704,351],{"class":278},[44,79706,931],{"class":282},[44,79708,351],{"class":278},[44,79710,66],{"class":58},[44,79712,360],{"class":278},[44,79714,15122],{"class":282},[44,79716,351],{"class":278},[44,79718,66],{"class":58},[44,79720,360],{"class":278},[44,79722,36209],{"class":282},[44,79724,351],{"class":278},[44,79726,3005],{"class":58},[20,79728,11056],{},[165,79730,79731,79736,79744,79752,79760],{},[168,79732,79733,79735],{},[15,79734,83],{}," contains integers",[168,79737,79738,79741,79742],{},[15,79739,79740],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79743,47055],{},[168,79745,79746,41524,79749],{},[15,79747,79748],{},"str(10)",[15,79750,79751],{},"'10'",[168,79753,79754,41524,79757],{},[15,79755,79756],{},"str(20)",[15,79758,79759],{},"'20'",[168,79761,79762,41524,79765],{},[15,79763,79764],{},"str(30)",[15,79766,79767],{},"'30'",[20,79769,53024,79770,79772,79773,79775],{},[15,79771,39085],{}," applies ",[15,79774,47055],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79777,79778,79779,79781,79782,86],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79780,24147],{}," better, see ",[184,79783,2945,79784,2878],{"href":64216},[15,79785,24147],{},[30,79787,1123,79789,79791],{"id":79788},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79790,39085],{}," with your own function",[20,79793,15082,79794,79796],{},[15,79795,39085],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,79798,79800],{"className":37,"code":79799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79801,79802,79815,79825,79829,79853,79872,79876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79803,79804,79806,79809,79811,79813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79805,34218],{"class":1436},[44,79807,79808],{"class":34221}," double",[44,79810,93],{"class":58},[44,79812,1545],{"class":37030},[44,79814,7720],{"class":58},[44,79816,79817,79819,79821,79823],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,79818,34229],{"class":3246},[44,79820,3250],{"class":50},[44,79822,39241],{"class":54},[44,79824,44960],{"class":62},[44,79826,79827],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79828,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,79830,79831,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,79832,51],{"class":50},[44,79834,55],{"class":54},[44,79836,2992],{"class":58},[44,79838,63],{"class":62},[44,79840,66],{"class":58},[44,79842,69],{"class":62},[44,79844,66],{"class":58},[44,79846,74],{"class":62},[44,79848,66],{"class":58},[44,79850,143],{"class":62},[44,79852,3005],{"class":58},[44,79854,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863,79866,79868,79870],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,79856,1602],{"class":50},[44,79858,55],{"class":54},[44,79860,79390],{"class":105},[44,79862,93],{"class":58},[44,79864,79865],{"class":89},"double",[44,79867,66],{"class":58},[44,79869,3635],{"class":89},[44,79871,99],{"class":58},[44,79873,79874],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,79875,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,79877,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,79879,106],{"class":105},[44,79881,93],{"class":58},[44,79883,1097],{"class":909},[44,79885,93],{"class":58},[44,79887,1637],{"class":89},[44,79889,973],{"class":58},[20,79891,118],{},[35,79893,79894],{"className":37,"code":39254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79895,79896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79897,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79899,3270],{"class":58},[44,79901,472],{"class":62},[44,79903,66],{"class":58},[44,79905,143],{"class":62},[44,79907,66],{"class":58},[44,79909,37011],{"class":62},[44,79911,66],{"class":58},[44,79913,5736],{"class":62},[44,79915,3005],{"class":58},[20,79917,64953],{},[165,79919,79920,79927,79933],{},[168,79921,79922,79924,79925],{},[15,79923,39085],{}," takes the function ",[15,79926,79865],{},[168,79928,79929,79930,79932],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79931,83],{}," into that function",[168,79934,79935],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,79937,79938],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[165,79940,79941,79948,79955,79963],{},[168,79942,79943,5449,79946],{},[15,79944,79945],{},"double(1)",[15,79947,472],{},[168,79949,79950,5449,79953],{},[15,79951,79952],{},"double(2)",[15,79954,96],{},[168,79956,79957,5449,79960],{},[15,79958,79959],{},"double(3)",[15,79961,79962],{},"6",[168,79964,79965,5449,79968],{},[15,79966,79967],{},"double(4)",[15,79969,1718],{},[30,79971,1123,79973,79975],{"id":79972},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,79974,39085],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,79977,79978,79980],{},[15,79979,39085],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,79982,79983],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,79985,894],{},[35,79987,79989],{"className":37,"code":79988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79990,79991,80008,80018,80022,80043,80064,80068,80093,80097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79992,79993,79995,79998,80000,80002,80004,80006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79994,34218],{"class":1436},[44,79996,79997],{"class":34221}," add_numbers",[44,79999,93],{"class":58},[44,80001,184],{"class":37030},[44,80003,66],{"class":58},[44,80005,1930],{"class":37030},[44,80007,7720],{"class":58},[44,80009,80010,80012,80014,80016],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80011,34229],{"class":3246},[44,80013,43915],{"class":50},[44,80015,1430],{"class":54},[44,80017,35549],{"class":50},[44,80019,80020],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80021,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80023,80024,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037,80039,80041],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,80025,80026],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80028,55],{"class":54},[44,80030,2992],{"class":58},[44,80032,63],{"class":62},[44,80034,66],{"class":58},[44,80036,69],{"class":62},[44,80038,66],{"class":58},[44,80040,74],{"class":62},[44,80042,3005],{"class":58},[44,80044,80045,80048,80050,80052,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80046,80047],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80049,55],{"class":54},[44,80051,2992],{"class":58},[44,80053,931],{"class":62},[44,80055,66],{"class":58},[44,80057,7168],{"class":62},[44,80059,66],{"class":58},[44,80061,7173],{"class":62},[44,80063,3005],{"class":58},[44,80065,80066],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,80067,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80069,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078,80081,80083,80086,80088,80091],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,80071,1602],{"class":50},[44,80073,55],{"class":54},[44,80075,79390],{"class":105},[44,80077,93],{"class":58},[44,80079,80080],{"class":89},"add_numbers",[44,80082,66],{"class":58},[44,80084,80085],{"class":89}," list1",[44,80087,66],{"class":58},[44,80089,80090],{"class":89}," list2",[44,80092,99],{"class":58},[44,80094,80095],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,80096,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80098,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,80100,106],{"class":105},[44,80102,93],{"class":58},[44,80104,1097],{"class":909},[44,80106,93],{"class":58},[44,80108,1637],{"class":89},[44,80110,973],{"class":58},[20,80112,118],{},[35,80114,80116],{"className":37,"code":80115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80117,80118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80119,80120,80122,80125,80127,80130,80132,80135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80121,3270],{"class":58},[44,80123,80124],{"class":62},"11",[44,80126,66],{"class":58},[44,80128,80129],{"class":62}," 22",[44,80131,66],{"class":58},[44,80133,80134],{"class":62}," 33",[44,80136,3005],{"class":58},[20,80138,1550],{},[165,80140,80141,80147,80153],{},[168,80142,80143,80144],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80145,80146],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[168,80148,80149,80150],{},"then ",[15,80151,80152],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[168,80154,80149,80155],{},[15,80156,80157],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[693,80159,80161,80163],{"id":80160},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80162,39085],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80165,80166,80167,80169],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80168,39085],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,80171,80173],{"className":37,"code":80172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80174,80175,80191,80201,80205,80229,80245,80249,80271,80275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80176,80177,80179,80181,80183,80185,80187,80189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80178,34218],{"class":1436},[44,80180,79997],{"class":34221},[44,80182,93],{"class":58},[44,80184,184],{"class":37030},[44,80186,66],{"class":58},[44,80188,1930],{"class":37030},[44,80190,7720],{"class":58},[44,80192,80193,80195,80197,80199],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80194,34229],{"class":3246},[44,80196,43915],{"class":50},[44,80198,1430],{"class":54},[44,80200,35549],{"class":50},[44,80202,80203],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80204,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80206,80207,80209,80211,80213,80215,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,80208,80026],{"class":50},[44,80210,55],{"class":54},[44,80212,2992],{"class":58},[44,80214,63],{"class":62},[44,80216,66],{"class":58},[44,80218,69],{"class":62},[44,80220,66],{"class":58},[44,80222,74],{"class":62},[44,80224,66],{"class":58},[44,80226,143],{"class":62},[44,80228,3005],{"class":58},[44,80230,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80232,80047],{"class":50},[44,80234,55],{"class":54},[44,80236,2992],{"class":58},[44,80238,931],{"class":62},[44,80240,66],{"class":58},[44,80242,7168],{"class":62},[44,80244,3005],{"class":58},[44,80246,80247],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,80248,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80250,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265,80267,80269],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,80252,1602],{"class":50},[44,80254,55],{"class":54},[44,80256,79390],{"class":105},[44,80258,93],{"class":58},[44,80260,80080],{"class":89},[44,80262,66],{"class":58},[44,80264,80085],{"class":89},[44,80266,66],{"class":58},[44,80268,80090],{"class":89},[44,80270,99],{"class":58},[44,80272,80273],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,80274,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80276,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,80278,106],{"class":105},[44,80280,93],{"class":58},[44,80282,1097],{"class":909},[44,80284,93],{"class":58},[44,80286,1637],{"class":89},[44,80288,973],{"class":58},[20,80290,118],{},[35,80292,80294],{"className":37,"code":80293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80295,80296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80297,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80299,3270],{"class":58},[44,80301,80124],{"class":62},[44,80303,66],{"class":58},[44,80305,80129],{"class":62},[44,80307,3005],{"class":58},[20,80309,80310,80311,80314],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80312,80313],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,80316,80318,80320],{"id":80317},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80319,39085],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80322,37391,80323,80325],{},[15,80324,39085],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80327,80328,80329,80332],{},"This object is ",[116,80330,80331],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[693,80334,1859,80336,80338],{"id":80335},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80337,32392],{}," looks strange",[20,80340,33008],{},[35,80342,80344],{"className":37,"code":80343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80345,80346,80366,80384,80388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80347,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80349,51],{"class":50},[44,80351,55],{"class":54},[44,80353,2992],{"class":58},[44,80355,63],{"class":62},[44,80357,66],{"class":58},[44,80359,69],{"class":62},[44,80361,66],{"class":58},[44,80363,74],{"class":62},[44,80365,3005],{"class":58},[44,80367,80368,80370,80372,80374,80376,80378,80380,80382],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80369,1602],{"class":50},[44,80371,55],{"class":54},[44,80373,79390],{"class":105},[44,80375,93],{"class":58},[44,80377,2812],{"class":909},[44,80379,66],{"class":58},[44,80381,3635],{"class":89},[44,80383,99],{"class":58},[44,80385,80386],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80387,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80389,80390,80392,80394,80396],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,80391,106],{"class":105},[44,80393,93],{"class":58},[44,80395,1637],{"class":89},[44,80397,99],{"class":58},[20,80399,80400],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,80402,80404],{"className":37,"code":80403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80405,80406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80407,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80409,2659],{"class":54},[44,80411,39228],{"class":105},[44,80413,23984],{"class":909},[44,80415,36731],{"class":50},[44,80417,36735],{"class":36734},[44,80419,36738],{"class":33819},[44,80421,2671],{"class":54},[20,80423,80424],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80426,80427],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,80429,80431],{"className":37,"code":80430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80432,80433,80453,80471,80475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80434,80435,80437,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449,80451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80436,51],{"class":50},[44,80438,55],{"class":54},[44,80440,2992],{"class":58},[44,80442,63],{"class":62},[44,80444,66],{"class":58},[44,80446,69],{"class":62},[44,80448,66],{"class":58},[44,80450,74],{"class":62},[44,80452,3005],{"class":58},[44,80454,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80456,1602],{"class":50},[44,80458,55],{"class":54},[44,80460,79390],{"class":105},[44,80462,93],{"class":58},[44,80464,2812],{"class":909},[44,80466,66],{"class":58},[44,80468,3635],{"class":89},[44,80470,99],{"class":58},[44,80472,80473],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80474,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80476,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,80478,106],{"class":105},[44,80480,93],{"class":58},[44,80482,1097],{"class":909},[44,80484,93],{"class":58},[44,80486,1637],{"class":89},[44,80488,973],{"class":58},[20,80490,118],{},[35,80492,80494],{"className":37,"code":80493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80495,80496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80497,80498,80500,80502,80504,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80499,3270],{"class":58},[44,80501,351],{"class":278},[44,80503,63],{"class":282},[44,80505,351],{"class":278},[44,80507,66],{"class":58},[44,80509,360],{"class":278},[44,80511,472],{"class":282},[44,80513,351],{"class":278},[44,80515,66],{"class":58},[44,80517,360],{"class":278},[44,80519,1433],{"class":282},[44,80521,351],{"class":278},[44,80523,3005],{"class":58},[693,80525,80527],{"id":80526},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,80529,80531],{"className":37,"code":80530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80532,80533,80553,80571,80575,80588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80534,80535,80537,80539,80541,80543,80545,80547,80549,80551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80536,51],{"class":50},[44,80538,55],{"class":54},[44,80540,2992],{"class":58},[44,80542,63],{"class":62},[44,80544,66],{"class":58},[44,80546,69],{"class":62},[44,80548,66],{"class":58},[44,80550,74],{"class":62},[44,80552,3005],{"class":58},[44,80554,80555,80557,80559,80561,80563,80565,80567,80569],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80556,1602],{"class":50},[44,80558,55],{"class":54},[44,80560,79390],{"class":105},[44,80562,93],{"class":58},[44,80564,2812],{"class":909},[44,80566,66],{"class":58},[44,80568,3635],{"class":89},[44,80570,99],{"class":58},[44,80572,80573],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80574,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80576,80577,80579,80581,80583,80586],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,80578,5334],{"class":3246},[44,80580,5337],{"class":50},[44,80582,3253],{"class":3246},[44,80584,80585],{"class":50}," result",[44,80587,5770],{"class":58},[44,80589,80590,80592,80594,80596],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80591,7447],{"class":105},[44,80593,93],{"class":58},[44,80595,215],{"class":89},[44,80597,99],{"class":58},[20,80599,118],{},[35,80601,80603],{"className":37,"code":80602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80604,80605,80609,80613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80606,80607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80608,46288],{"class":62},[44,80610,80611],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80612,16425],{"class":62},[44,80614,80615],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80616,45988],{"class":62},[693,80618,80620],{"id":80619},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80622,80623],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,80625,80627],{"className":37,"code":80626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80628,80629,80649,80667,80671,80685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80630,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80632,51],{"class":50},[44,80634,55],{"class":54},[44,80636,2992],{"class":58},[44,80638,63],{"class":62},[44,80640,66],{"class":58},[44,80642,69],{"class":62},[44,80644,66],{"class":58},[44,80646,74],{"class":62},[44,80648,3005],{"class":58},[44,80650,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80652,1602],{"class":50},[44,80654,55],{"class":54},[44,80656,79390],{"class":105},[44,80658,93],{"class":58},[44,80660,2812],{"class":909},[44,80662,66],{"class":58},[44,80664,3635],{"class":89},[44,80666,99],{"class":58},[44,80668,80669],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80670,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80672,80673,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,80674,106],{"class":105},[44,80676,93],{"class":58},[44,80678,1097],{"class":909},[44,80680,93],{"class":58},[44,80682,1637],{"class":89},[44,80684,973],{"class":58},[44,80686,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80688,106],{"class":105},[44,80690,93],{"class":58},[44,80692,1097],{"class":909},[44,80694,93],{"class":58},[44,80696,1637],{"class":89},[44,80698,973],{"class":58},[20,80700,118],{},[35,80702,80704],{"className":37,"code":80703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80705,80706,80734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80707,80708,80710,80712,80714,80716,80718,80720,80722,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80709,3270],{"class":58},[44,80711,351],{"class":278},[44,80713,63],{"class":282},[44,80715,351],{"class":278},[44,80717,66],{"class":58},[44,80719,360],{"class":278},[44,80721,472],{"class":282},[44,80723,351],{"class":278},[44,80725,66],{"class":58},[44,80727,360],{"class":278},[44,80729,1433],{"class":282},[44,80731,351],{"class":278},[44,80733,3005],{"class":58},[44,80735,80736],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80737,37665],{"class":58},[20,80739,80740],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80742,80743],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,80745,80747],{"className":37,"code":80746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80748,80749,80769,80791,80795,80805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80750,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80752,51],{"class":50},[44,80754,55],{"class":54},[44,80756,2992],{"class":58},[44,80758,63],{"class":62},[44,80760,66],{"class":58},[44,80762,69],{"class":62},[44,80764,66],{"class":58},[44,80766,74],{"class":62},[44,80768,3005],{"class":58},[44,80770,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80772,1602],{"class":50},[44,80774,55],{"class":54},[44,80776,21927],{"class":909},[44,80778,93],{"class":58},[44,80780,39228],{"class":105},[44,80782,93],{"class":58},[44,80784,2812],{"class":909},[44,80786,66],{"class":58},[44,80788,3635],{"class":89},[44,80790,973],{"class":58},[44,80792,80793],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80794,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80796,80797,80799,80801,80803],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,80798,106],{"class":105},[44,80800,93],{"class":58},[44,80802,1637],{"class":89},[44,80804,99],{"class":58},[44,80806,80807,80809,80811,80813],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80808,106],{"class":105},[44,80810,93],{"class":58},[44,80812,1637],{"class":89},[44,80814,99],{"class":58},[20,80816,118],{},[35,80818,80820],{"className":37,"code":80819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80821,80822,80850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80823,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80825,3270],{"class":58},[44,80827,351],{"class":278},[44,80829,63],{"class":282},[44,80831,351],{"class":278},[44,80833,66],{"class":58},[44,80835,360],{"class":278},[44,80837,472],{"class":282},[44,80839,351],{"class":278},[44,80841,66],{"class":58},[44,80843,360],{"class":278},[44,80845,1433],{"class":282},[44,80847,351],{"class":278},[44,80849,3005],{"class":58},[44,80851,80852,80854,80856,80858,80860,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80853,3270],{"class":58},[44,80855,351],{"class":278},[44,80857,63],{"class":282},[44,80859,351],{"class":278},[44,80861,66],{"class":58},[44,80863,360],{"class":278},[44,80865,472],{"class":282},[44,80867,351],{"class":278},[44,80869,66],{"class":58},[44,80871,360],{"class":278},[44,80873,1433],{"class":282},[44,80875,351],{"class":278},[44,80877,3005],{"class":58},[30,80879,4334,80881],{"id":80880},"when-to-use-map",[15,80882,39085],{},[20,80884,80885,80887],{},[15,80886,39085],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80889,80890],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[165,80892,80893,80897,80901],{},[168,80894,80895],{},[15,80896,2812],{},[168,80898,80899],{},[15,80900,1560],{},[168,80902,80903],{},[15,80904,1388],{},[20,80906,894],{},[35,80908,80910],{"className":37,"code":80909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80911,80912,80944,80966,80970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80913,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80915,3193],{"class":50},[44,80917,55],{"class":54},[44,80919,2992],{"class":58},[44,80921,351],{"class":278},[44,80923,63],{"class":282},[44,80925,351],{"class":278},[44,80927,66],{"class":58},[44,80929,360],{"class":278},[44,80931,472],{"class":282},[44,80933,351],{"class":278},[44,80935,66],{"class":58},[44,80937,360],{"class":278},[44,80939,1433],{"class":282},[44,80941,351],{"class":278},[44,80943,3005],{"class":58},[44,80945,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,80947,51],{"class":50},[44,80949,55],{"class":54},[44,80951,21927],{"class":909},[44,80953,93],{"class":58},[44,80955,39228],{"class":105},[44,80957,93],{"class":58},[44,80959,1560],{"class":909},[44,80961,66],{"class":58},[44,80963,3256],{"class":89},[44,80965,973],{"class":58},[44,80967,80968],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80969,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,80971,80972,80974,80976,80978],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,80973,106],{"class":105},[44,80975,93],{"class":58},[44,80977,83],{"class":89},[44,80979,99],{"class":58},[20,80981,118],{},[35,80983,80984],{"className":37,"code":54521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80985,80986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80987,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80989,3270],{"class":58},[44,80991,63],{"class":62},[44,80993,66],{"class":58},[44,80995,69],{"class":62},[44,80997,66],{"class":58},[44,80999,74],{"class":62},[44,81001,3005],{"class":58},[20,81003,81004],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81006,81007],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81009,81011],{"className":37,"code":81010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81012,81013,81033,81055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81014,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81016,51],{"class":50},[44,81018,55],{"class":54},[44,81020,2992],{"class":58},[44,81022,63],{"class":62},[44,81024,66],{"class":58},[44,81026,69],{"class":62},[44,81028,66],{"class":58},[44,81030,74],{"class":62},[44,81032,3005],{"class":58},[44,81034,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81036,1602],{"class":50},[44,81038,55],{"class":54},[44,81040,21927],{"class":909},[44,81042,93],{"class":58},[44,81044,39228],{"class":105},[44,81046,93],{"class":58},[44,81048,2812],{"class":909},[44,81050,66],{"class":58},[44,81052,3635],{"class":89},[44,81054,973],{"class":58},[44,81056,81057,81059,81061,81063],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81058,106],{"class":105},[44,81060,93],{"class":58},[44,81062,1637],{"class":89},[44,81064,99],{"class":58},[35,81066,81068],{"className":37,"code":81067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81069,81070,81090,81117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81071,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81073,51],{"class":50},[44,81075,55],{"class":54},[44,81077,2992],{"class":58},[44,81079,63],{"class":62},[44,81081,66],{"class":58},[44,81083,69],{"class":62},[44,81085,66],{"class":58},[44,81087,74],{"class":62},[44,81089,3005],{"class":58},[44,81091,81092,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81111,81113,81115],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81093,1602],{"class":50},[44,81095,55],{"class":54},[44,81097,2992],{"class":58},[44,81099,2812],{"class":909},[44,81101,93],{"class":58},[44,81103,75398],{"class":89},[44,81105,3031],{"class":58},[44,81107,3247],{"class":3246},[44,81109,81110],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81112,3253],{"class":3246},[44,81114,3635],{"class":50},[44,81116,3005],{"class":58},[44,81118,81119,81121,81123,81125],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81120,106],{"class":105},[44,81122,93],{"class":58},[44,81124,1637],{"class":89},[44,81126,99],{"class":58},[20,81128,81129],{},"Both produce:",[35,81131,81132],{"className":37,"code":80493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81133,81134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81135,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81137,3270],{"class":58},[44,81139,351],{"class":278},[44,81141,63],{"class":282},[44,81143,351],{"class":278},[44,81145,66],{"class":58},[44,81147,360],{"class":278},[44,81149,472],{"class":282},[44,81151,351],{"class":278},[44,81153,66],{"class":58},[44,81155,360],{"class":278},[44,81157,1433],{"class":282},[44,81159,351],{"class":278},[44,81161,3005],{"class":58},[20,81163,81164],{},"A simple rule:",[165,81166,81167,81172,81177],{},[168,81168,39359,81169,81171],{},[15,81170,39085],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[168,81173,39365,81174,81176],{},[15,81175,5334],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[168,81178,81179],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81181,81182,81183,86],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[184,81184,3765],{"href":3764},[30,81186,3892],{"id":3891},[693,81188,81190,81191],{"id":81189},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81192,24147],{},[20,81194,81195],{},"This is very common:",[35,81197,81198],{"className":37,"code":80343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81199,81200,81220,81238,81242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81201,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81203,51],{"class":50},[44,81205,55],{"class":54},[44,81207,2992],{"class":58},[44,81209,63],{"class":62},[44,81211,66],{"class":58},[44,81213,69],{"class":62},[44,81215,66],{"class":58},[44,81217,74],{"class":62},[44,81219,3005],{"class":58},[44,81221,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81223,1602],{"class":50},[44,81225,55],{"class":54},[44,81227,79390],{"class":105},[44,81229,93],{"class":58},[44,81231,2812],{"class":909},[44,81233,66],{"class":58},[44,81235,3635],{"class":89},[44,81237,99],{"class":58},[44,81239,81240],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81241,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,81243,81244,81246,81248,81250],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,81245,106],{"class":105},[44,81247,93],{"class":58},[44,81249,1637],{"class":89},[44,81251,99],{"class":58},[20,81253,81254],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81256,38630],{},[35,81258,81260],{"className":37,"code":81259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81261,81262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81263,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81265,106],{"class":105},[44,81267,93],{"class":58},[44,81269,1097],{"class":909},[44,81271,93],{"class":58},[44,81273,1637],{"class":89},[44,81275,973],{"class":58},[693,81277,81279],{"id":81278},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81281,16012],{},[35,81283,81285],{"className":37,"code":81284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81286,81287,81307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81288,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81290,51],{"class":50},[44,81292,55],{"class":54},[44,81294,2992],{"class":58},[44,81296,63],{"class":62},[44,81298,66],{"class":58},[44,81300,69],{"class":62},[44,81302,66],{"class":58},[44,81304,74],{"class":62},[44,81306,3005],{"class":58},[44,81308,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81322,81324],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81310,1602],{"class":50},[44,81312,55],{"class":54},[44,81314,79390],{"class":105},[44,81316,93],{"class":58},[44,81318,2812],{"class":909},[44,81320,81321],{"class":58},"(),",[44,81323,3635],{"class":89},[44,81325,99],{"class":58},[20,81327,81328,81329,81331,81332,81334],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81330,47055],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81333,39085],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81336,16024],{},[35,81338,81339],{"className":37,"code":80430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81340,81341,81361,81379,81383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81342,81343,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81344,51],{"class":50},[44,81346,55],{"class":54},[44,81348,2992],{"class":58},[44,81350,63],{"class":62},[44,81352,66],{"class":58},[44,81354,69],{"class":62},[44,81356,66],{"class":58},[44,81358,74],{"class":62},[44,81360,3005],{"class":58},[44,81362,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81364,1602],{"class":50},[44,81366,55],{"class":54},[44,81368,79390],{"class":105},[44,81370,93],{"class":58},[44,81372,2812],{"class":909},[44,81374,66],{"class":58},[44,81376,3635],{"class":89},[44,81378,99],{"class":58},[44,81380,81381],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81382,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,81384,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,81386,106],{"class":105},[44,81388,93],{"class":58},[44,81390,1097],{"class":909},[44,81392,93],{"class":58},[44,81394,1637],{"class":89},[44,81396,973],{"class":58},[693,81398,81400],{"id":81399},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81402,81403],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81405,16012],{},[35,81407,81409],{"className":37,"code":81408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81410,81411,81428,81438,81442,81462,81480,81484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81412,81413,81415,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81414,34218],{"class":1436},[44,81416,81417],{"class":34221}," add",[44,81419,93],{"class":58},[44,81421,184],{"class":37030},[44,81423,66],{"class":58},[44,81425,1930],{"class":37030},[44,81427,7720],{"class":58},[44,81429,81430,81432,81434,81436],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81431,34229],{"class":3246},[44,81433,43915],{"class":50},[44,81435,1430],{"class":54},[44,81437,35549],{"class":50},[44,81439,81440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81441,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,81443,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,81445,51],{"class":50},[44,81447,55],{"class":54},[44,81449,2992],{"class":58},[44,81451,63],{"class":62},[44,81453,66],{"class":58},[44,81455,69],{"class":62},[44,81457,66],{"class":58},[44,81459,74],{"class":62},[44,81461,3005],{"class":58},[44,81463,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,81465,1602],{"class":50},[44,81467,55],{"class":54},[44,81469,79390],{"class":105},[44,81471,93],{"class":58},[44,81473,90],{"class":89},[44,81475,66],{"class":58},[44,81477,3635],{"class":89},[44,81479,99],{"class":58},[44,81481,81482],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,81483,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,81485,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,81487,106],{"class":105},[44,81489,93],{"class":58},[44,81491,1097],{"class":909},[44,81493,93],{"class":58},[44,81495,1637],{"class":89},[44,81497,973],{"class":58},[20,81499,16024],{},[35,81501,81503],{"className":37,"code":81502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81504,81505,81521,81531,81535,81555,81575,81597,81601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81506,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81508,34218],{"class":1436},[44,81510,81417],{"class":34221},[44,81512,93],{"class":58},[44,81514,184],{"class":37030},[44,81516,66],{"class":58},[44,81518,1930],{"class":37030},[44,81520,7720],{"class":58},[44,81522,81523,81525,81527,81529],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81524,34229],{"class":3246},[44,81526,43915],{"class":50},[44,81528,1430],{"class":54},[44,81530,35549],{"class":50},[44,81532,81533],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81534,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,81536,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,81538,80026],{"class":50},[44,81540,55],{"class":54},[44,81542,2992],{"class":58},[44,81544,63],{"class":62},[44,81546,66],{"class":58},[44,81548,69],{"class":62},[44,81550,66],{"class":58},[44,81552,74],{"class":62},[44,81554,3005],{"class":58},[44,81556,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,81558,80047],{"class":50},[44,81560,55],{"class":54},[44,81562,2992],{"class":58},[44,81564,931],{"class":62},[44,81566,66],{"class":58},[44,81568,7168],{"class":62},[44,81570,66],{"class":58},[44,81572,7173],{"class":62},[44,81574,3005],{"class":58},[44,81576,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,81578,1602],{"class":50},[44,81580,55],{"class":54},[44,81582,79390],{"class":105},[44,81584,93],{"class":58},[44,81586,90],{"class":89},[44,81588,66],{"class":58},[44,81590,80085],{"class":89},[44,81592,66],{"class":58},[44,81594,80090],{"class":89},[44,81596,99],{"class":58},[44,81598,81599],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,81600,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,81602,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,81604,106],{"class":105},[44,81606,93],{"class":58},[44,81608,1097],{"class":909},[44,81610,93],{"class":58},[44,81612,1637],{"class":89},[44,81614,973],{"class":58},[693,81616,81618],{"id":81617},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81620,16012],{},[35,81622,81623],{"className":37,"code":80626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81624,81625,81645,81663,81667,81681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81626,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81628,51],{"class":50},[44,81630,55],{"class":54},[44,81632,2992],{"class":58},[44,81634,63],{"class":62},[44,81636,66],{"class":58},[44,81638,69],{"class":62},[44,81640,66],{"class":58},[44,81642,74],{"class":62},[44,81644,3005],{"class":58},[44,81646,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81648,1602],{"class":50},[44,81650,55],{"class":54},[44,81652,79390],{"class":105},[44,81654,93],{"class":58},[44,81656,2812],{"class":909},[44,81658,66],{"class":58},[44,81660,3635],{"class":89},[44,81662,99],{"class":58},[44,81664,81665],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81666,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,81668,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,81670,106],{"class":105},[44,81672,93],{"class":58},[44,81674,1097],{"class":909},[44,81676,93],{"class":58},[44,81678,1637],{"class":89},[44,81680,973],{"class":58},[44,81682,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,81684,106],{"class":105},[44,81686,93],{"class":58},[44,81688,1097],{"class":909},[44,81690,93],{"class":58},[44,81692,1637],{"class":89},[44,81694,973],{"class":58},[20,81696,81697],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81699,81700],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,81702,67264],{"id":67263},[20,81704,8253,81705,81707],{},[15,81706,39085],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,81709,81711],{"className":37,"code":81710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81712,81713,81723,81737,81751,81763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81714,81715,81717,81719,81721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81716,106],{"class":105},[44,81718,93],{"class":58},[44,81720,1637],{"class":89},[44,81722,99],{"class":58},[44,81724,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733,81735],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,81726,106],{"class":105},[44,81728,93],{"class":58},[44,81730,1097],{"class":909},[44,81732,93],{"class":58},[44,81734,1637],{"class":89},[44,81736,973],{"class":58},[44,81738,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81740,106],{"class":105},[44,81742,93],{"class":58},[44,81744,1090],{"class":909},[44,81746,93],{"class":58},[44,81748,1637],{"class":89},[44,81750,973],{"class":58},[44,81752,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,81754,5334],{"class":3246},[44,81756,5337],{"class":50},[44,81758,3253],{"class":3246},[44,81760,80585],{"class":50},[44,81762,5770],{"class":58},[44,81764,81765,81767,81769,81771],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,81766,7447],{"class":105},[44,81768,93],{"class":58},[44,81770,215],{"class":89},[44,81772,99],{"class":58},[20,81774,12045],{},[165,81776,81777,81782,81787,81793],{},[168,81778,81779,81781],{},[15,81780,32392],{}," shows that you have a map object",[168,81783,81784,81786],{},[15,81785,32400],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[168,81788,81789,81792],{},[15,81790,81791],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[168,81794,81795,81796,81798],{},"looping over ",[15,81797,1637],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81800,81801,81802,81805,81806,81808],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81803,81804],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81807,5334],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,81810,1235],{"id":1234},[693,81812,1239,81814,81816],{"id":81813},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81815,39085],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81818,81819,81820,81822,81823,23305],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81821,39085],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81824,81825],{},"list(map(...))",[693,81827,14274,81829,81831,81832,81834],{"id":81828},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81830,39085],{}," better than a ",[15,81833,5334],{}," loop?",[20,81836,81837,81838,81840,81841,81843],{},"Not always. ",[15,81839,39085],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81842,5334],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[693,81845,4544,81847,81849],{"id":81846},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81848,39085],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81851,81852],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[693,81854,81856],{"id":81855},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81858,81859],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,81861,1279],{"id":1278},[165,81863,81864,81870,81876,81880,81884],{},[168,81865,81866],{},[184,81867,2945,81868,2878],{"href":39454},[15,81869,36943],{},[168,81871,81872],{},[184,81873,2945,81874,2878],{"href":64216},[15,81875,24147],{},[168,81877,81878],{},[184,81879,4596],{"href":4505},[168,81881,81882],{},[184,81883,4601],{"href":3764},[168,81885,81886],{},[184,81887,4591],{"href":4509},[1304,81889,81890],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":81892},[81893,81894,81896,81897,81898,81900,81905,81912,81914,81921,81922,81931],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":79469,"depth":80,"text":81895},"What map() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":79788,"depth":80,"text":81899},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":79972,"depth":80,"text":81901,"children":81902},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81903],{"id":80160,"depth":102,"text":81904},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80317,"depth":80,"text":81906,"children":81907},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81908,81910,81911],{"id":80335,"depth":102,"text":81909},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80526,"depth":102,"text":80527},{"id":80619,"depth":102,"text":80620},{"id":80880,"depth":80,"text":81913},"When to use map()",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":81915},[81916,81918,81919,81920],{"id":81189,"depth":102,"text":81917},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81278,"depth":102,"text":81279},{"id":81399,"depth":102,"text":81400},{"id":81617,"depth":102,"text":81618},{"id":67263,"depth":80,"text":67264},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":81923},[81924,81926,81928,81930],{"id":81813,"depth":102,"text":81925},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81828,"depth":102,"text":81927},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81846,"depth":102,"text":81929},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81855,"depth":102,"text":81856},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79301,"description":81932},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81939,"title":81940,"body":81941,"description":83961,"extension":1334,"meta":83962,"navigation":322,"path":83963,"seo":83964,"stem":83965,"__hash__":83966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81942,"toc":83919},[81943,81949,81954,81957,81965,81968,81970,82094,82096,82114,82116,82136,82141,82145,82159,82162,82165,82167,82172,82284,82287,82305,82311,82314,82376,82378,82387,82390,82404,82406,82454,82456,82465,82475,82481,82484,82511,82513,82521,82524,82527,82597,82599,82607,82610,82615,82620,82671,82673,82681,82684,82686,82703,82705,82757,82760,82766,82770,82775,82778,82782,82841,82843,82852,82858,82867,82871,82934,82936,82944,82949,82953,82958,83038,83040,83049,83056,83061,83066,83069,83104,83106,83114,83117,83123,83125,83175,83177,83186,83189,83207,83209,83214,83220,83227,83254,83256,83279,83284,83319,83324,83330,83335,83378,83381,83384,83423,83430,83436,83441,83456,83460,83467,83470,83474,83479,83483,83488,83490,83551,83553,83582,83587,83594,83603,83605,83608,83633,83635,83738,83741,83759,83768,83770,83775,83778,83784,83787,83789,83799,83805,83809,83867,83874,83882,83884,83916],[10,81944,2945,81946,2949],{"id":81945},"python-max-function-explained",[15,81947,81948],{},"max()",[20,81950,8501,81951,81953],{},[15,81952,81948],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,81955,81956],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[165,81958,81959,81962],{},[168,81960,81961],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[168,81963,81964],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,81966,81967],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,81969,33],{"id":32},[35,81971,81973],{"className":37,"code":81972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,81974,81975,81999,82014,82018,82044,82048,82080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81976,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81978,51],{"class":50},[44,81980,55],{"class":54},[44,81982,2992],{"class":58},[44,81984,1433],{"class":62},[44,81986,66],{"class":58},[44,81988,5736],{"class":62},[44,81990,66],{"class":58},[44,81992,69],{"class":62},[44,81994,66],{"class":58},[44,81996,1064],{"class":62},[44,81998,3005],{"class":58},[44,82000,82001,82003,82005,82008,82010,82012],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82002,106],{"class":105},[44,82004,93],{"class":58},[44,82006,82007],{"class":105},"max",[44,82009,93],{"class":58},[44,82011,83],{"class":89},[44,82013,973],{"class":58},[44,82015,82016],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82017,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,82019,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,82021,106],{"class":105},[44,82023,93],{"class":58},[44,82025,82007],{"class":105},[44,82027,93],{"class":58},[44,82029,1433],{"class":62},[44,82031,66],{"class":58},[44,82033,5736],{"class":62},[44,82035,66],{"class":58},[44,82037,69],{"class":62},[44,82039,66],{"class":58},[44,82041,1064],{"class":62},[44,82043,973],{"class":58},[44,82045,82046],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,82047,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,82049,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,82051,3441],{"class":50},[44,82053,55],{"class":54},[44,82055,2992],{"class":58},[44,82057,279],{"class":278},[44,82059,3450],{"class":282},[44,82061,279],{"class":278},[44,82063,66],{"class":58},[44,82065,290],{"class":278},[44,82067,3459],{"class":282},[44,82069,279],{"class":278},[44,82071,66],{"class":58},[44,82073,290],{"class":278},[44,82075,78112],{"class":282},[44,82077,279],{"class":278},[44,82079,3005],{"class":58},[44,82081,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,82083,106],{"class":105},[44,82085,93],{"class":58},[44,82087,82007],{"class":105},[44,82089,93],{"class":58},[44,82091,3485],{"class":89},[44,82093,973],{"class":58},[20,82095,118],{},[35,82097,82099],{"className":37,"code":82098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82100,82101,82105,82109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82102,82103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82104,1754],{"class":62},[44,82106,82107],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82108,1754],{"class":62},[44,82110,82111],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82112,82113],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82115,19323],{},[165,82117,82118,82124,82130],{},[168,82119,82120,82123],{},[15,82121,82122],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[168,82125,82126,82129],{},[15,82127,82128],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[168,82131,82132,82135],{},[15,82133,82134],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,82137,155,82139,158],{"id":82138},"what-max-does",[15,82140,81948],{},[20,82142,82143,1084],{},[15,82144,81948],{},[165,82146,82147,82150,82153,82156],{},[168,82148,82149],{},"Returns the largest item",[168,82151,82152],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[168,82154,82155],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[168,82157,82158],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82160,82161],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82163,82164],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,82166,196],{"id":195},[20,82168,82169,82170,1084],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82171,81948],{},[35,82173,82175],{"className":37,"code":82174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82176,82177,82187,82211,82233,82256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82178,82179,82181,82183,82185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82180,82007],{"class":105},[44,82182,93],{"class":58},[44,82184,3091],{"class":89},[44,82186,99],{"class":58},[44,82188,82189,82191,82193,82195,82197,82200,82202,82204,82206,82209],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82190,82007],{"class":105},[44,82192,93],{"class":58},[44,82194,3091],{"class":89},[44,82196,66],{"class":58},[44,82198,82199],{"class":54}," *",[44,82201,66],{"class":58},[44,82203,20946],{"class":8554},[44,82205,55],{"class":54},[44,82207,82208],{"class":89},"func",[44,82210,99],{"class":58},[44,82212,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82214,82007],{"class":105},[44,82216,93],{"class":58},[44,82218,3091],{"class":89},[44,82220,66],{"class":58},[44,82222,82199],{"class":54},[44,82224,66],{"class":58},[44,82226,25890],{"class":8554},[44,82228,55],{"class":54},[44,82230,1188],{"class":89},[44,82232,99],{"class":58},[44,82234,82235,82237,82239,82242,82244,82247,82249,82251,82254],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,82236,82007],{"class":105},[44,82238,93],{"class":58},[44,82240,82241],{"class":89},"arg1",[44,82243,66],{"class":58},[44,82245,82246],{"class":89}," arg2",[44,82248,66],{"class":58},[44,82250,82199],{"class":54},[44,82252,82253],{"class":89},"args",[44,82255,99],{"class":58},[44,82257,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280,82282],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,82259,82007],{"class":105},[44,82261,93],{"class":58},[44,82263,82241],{"class":89},[44,82265,66],{"class":58},[44,82267,82246],{"class":89},[44,82269,66],{"class":58},[44,82271,82199],{"class":54},[44,82273,82253],{"class":89},[44,82275,66],{"class":58},[44,82277,20946],{"class":8554},[44,82279,55],{"class":54},[44,82281,82208],{"class":89},[44,82283,99],{"class":58},[20,82285,82286],{},"The most important parts are:",[165,82288,82289,82294,82299],{},[168,82290,82291,82293],{},[15,82292,3091],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[168,82295,82296,82298],{},[15,82297,14212],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[168,82300,82301,82304],{},[15,82302,82303],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,82306,1123,82308,82310],{"id":82307},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82309,81948],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82312,82313],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,82315,82317],{"className":37,"code":82316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82318,82319,82345,82361,82365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82320,82321,82323,82325,82327,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338,82340,82343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82322,4437],{"class":50},[44,82324,55],{"class":54},[44,82326,2992],{"class":58},[44,82328,82329],{"class":62},"72",[44,82331,66],{"class":58},[44,82333,50883],{"class":62},[44,82335,66],{"class":58},[44,82337,12878],{"class":62},[44,82339,66],{"class":58},[44,82341,82342],{"class":62}," 66",[44,82344,3005],{"class":58},[44,82346,82347,82350,82352,82355,82357,82359],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82348,82349],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,82351,55],{"class":54},[44,82353,82354],{"class":105}," max",[44,82356,93],{"class":58},[44,82358,15757],{"class":89},[44,82360,99],{"class":58},[44,82362,82363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82364,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,82366,82367,82369,82371,82374],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,82368,106],{"class":105},[44,82370,93],{"class":58},[44,82372,82373],{"class":89},"highest_score",[44,82375,99],{"class":58},[20,82377,118],{},[35,82379,82381],{"className":37,"code":82380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,82382,82383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82384,82385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82386,82380],{"class":62},[20,82388,82389],{},"This works well for:",[165,82391,82392,82395,82398,82401],{},[168,82393,82394],{},"Scores",[168,82396,82397],{},"Prices",[168,82399,82400],{},"Ages",[168,82402,82403],{},"Counts",[20,82405,51453],{},[35,82407,82409],{"className":37,"code":82408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82410,82411,82439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82412,82413,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82427,82429,82432,82434,82437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82414,82415],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,82417,55],{"class":54},[44,82419,2992],{"class":58},[44,82421,39767],{"class":62},[44,82423,66],{"class":58},[44,82425,82426],{"class":62}," 5.50",[44,82428,66],{"class":58},[44,82430,82431],{"class":62}," 12.75",[44,82433,66],{"class":58},[44,82435,82436],{"class":62}," 29.00",[44,82438,3005],{"class":58},[44,82440,82441,82443,82445,82447,82449,82452],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82442,106],{"class":105},[44,82444,93],{"class":58},[44,82446,82007],{"class":105},[44,82448,93],{"class":58},[44,82450,82451],{"class":89},"prices",[44,82453,973],{"class":58},[20,82455,118],{},[35,82457,82459],{"className":37,"code":82458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,82460,82461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82462,82463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82464,82458],{"class":62},[20,82466,82467,82468,82470,82471,86],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82469,81948],{}," is simpler than ",[184,82472,82473],{"href":73889},[15,82474,73792],{},[30,82476,1123,82478,82480],{"id":82477},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82479,81948],{}," with separate values",[20,82482,82483],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,82485,82487],{"className":37,"code":82486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82488,82489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82490,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505,82507,82509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82492,106],{"class":105},[44,82494,93],{"class":58},[44,82496,82007],{"class":105},[44,82498,93],{"class":58},[44,82500,96],{"class":62},[44,82502,66],{"class":58},[44,82504,30308],{"class":62},[44,82506,66],{"class":58},[44,82508,5370],{"class":62},[44,82510,973],{"class":58},[20,82512,118],{},[35,82514,82515],{"className":37,"code":1597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82516,82517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82518,82519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82520,1597],{"class":62},[20,82522,82523],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82525,82526],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,82528,82530],{"className":37,"code":82529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82531,82532,82541,82549,82559,82563,82586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82533,82534,82536,82538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82535,1925],{"class":50},[44,82537,55],{"class":54},[44,82539,82540],{"class":62}," 15\n",[44,82542,82543,82545,82547],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82544,1953],{"class":50},[44,82546,55],{"class":54},[44,82548,2140],{"class":62},[44,82550,82551,82554,82556],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82552,82553],{"class":50},"c ",[44,82555,55],{"class":54},[44,82557,82558],{"class":62}," 27\n",[44,82560,82561],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,82562,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,82564,82565,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576,82578,82580,82582,82584],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,82566,82567],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,82569,55],{"class":54},[44,82571,82354],{"class":105},[44,82573,93],{"class":58},[44,82575,184],{"class":89},[44,82577,66],{"class":58},[44,82579,1930],{"class":89},[44,82581,66],{"class":58},[44,82583,9059],{"class":89},[44,82585,99],{"class":58},[44,82587,82588,82590,82592,82595],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,82589,106],{"class":105},[44,82591,93],{"class":58},[44,82593,82594],{"class":89},"largest",[44,82596,99],{"class":58},[20,82598,118],{},[35,82600,82601],{"className":37,"code":45983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82602,82603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82604,82605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82606,45983],{"class":62},[20,82608,82609],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,82611,1123,82613,46430],{"id":82612},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82614,81948],{},[20,82616,82617,82619],{},[15,82618,81948],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,82621,82623],{"className":37,"code":82622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82624,82625,82657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82626,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649,82651,82653,82655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82628,3441],{"class":50},[44,82630,55],{"class":54},[44,82632,2992],{"class":58},[44,82634,279],{"class":278},[44,82636,3450],{"class":282},[44,82638,279],{"class":278},[44,82640,66],{"class":58},[44,82642,290],{"class":278},[44,82644,3459],{"class":282},[44,82646,279],{"class":278},[44,82648,66],{"class":58},[44,82650,290],{"class":278},[44,82652,78112],{"class":282},[44,82654,279],{"class":278},[44,82656,3005],{"class":58},[44,82658,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82660,106],{"class":105},[44,82662,93],{"class":58},[44,82664,82007],{"class":105},[44,82666,93],{"class":58},[44,82668,3485],{"class":89},[44,82670,973],{"class":58},[20,82672,118],{},[35,82674,82675],{"className":37,"code":82113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82676,82677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82678,82679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82680,82113],{"class":50},[20,82682,82683],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82685,67652],{},[165,82687,82688,82697,82700],{},[168,82689,82690,82693,82694,82696],{},[15,82691,82692],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82695,64643],{}," alphabetically",[168,82698,82699],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[168,82701,82702],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82704,894],{},[35,82706,82708],{"className":37,"code":82707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82709,82710,82743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82711,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82726,82728,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82713,3441],{"class":50},[44,82715,55],{"class":54},[44,82717,2992],{"class":58},[44,82719,279],{"class":278},[44,82721,3450],{"class":282},[44,82723,279],{"class":278},[44,82725,66],{"class":58},[44,82727,290],{"class":278},[44,82729,82730],{"class":282},"Banana",[44,82732,279],{"class":278},[44,82734,66],{"class":58},[44,82736,290],{"class":278},[44,82738,78112],{"class":282},[44,82740,279],{"class":278},[44,82742,3005],{"class":58},[44,82744,82745,82747,82749,82751,82753,82755],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82746,106],{"class":105},[44,82748,93],{"class":58},[44,82750,82007],{"class":105},[44,82752,93],{"class":58},[44,82754,3485],{"class":89},[44,82756,973],{"class":58},[20,82758,82759],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82761,82762,82763,82765],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82764,14212],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,82767,35980,82768,35983],{"id":78070},[15,82769,14212],{},[20,82771,1351,82772,82774],{},[15,82773,14212],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82776,82777],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[693,82779,82781],{"id":82780},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,82783,82785],{"className":37,"code":82784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82786,82787,82819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82788,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82790,3441],{"class":50},[44,82792,55],{"class":54},[44,82794,2992],{"class":58},[44,82796,279],{"class":278},[44,82798,36415],{"class":282},[44,82800,279],{"class":278},[44,82802,66],{"class":58},[44,82804,290],{"class":278},[44,82806,67695],{"class":282},[44,82808,279],{"class":278},[44,82810,66],{"class":58},[44,82812,290],{"class":278},[44,82814,57496],{"class":282},[44,82816,279],{"class":278},[44,82818,3005],{"class":58},[44,82820,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82822,106],{"class":105},[44,82824,93],{"class":58},[44,82826,82007],{"class":105},[44,82828,93],{"class":58},[44,82830,3485],{"class":89},[44,82832,66],{"class":58},[44,82834,20946],{"class":8554},[44,82836,55],{"class":54},[44,82838,10537],{"class":105},[44,82840,973],{"class":58},[20,82842,118],{},[35,82844,82846],{"className":37,"code":82845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,82847,82848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82849,82850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82851,82845],{"class":50},[20,82853,20137,82854,82857],{},[15,82855,82856],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82859,82860,82861,32994,82863,86],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82862,41730],{},[184,82864,82865,5159],{"href":41727},[15,82866,41730],{},[693,82868,82870],{"id":82869},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,82872,82874],{"className":37,"code":82873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82875,82876,82908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82877,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82879,3441],{"class":50},[44,82881,55],{"class":54},[44,82883,2992],{"class":58},[44,82885,279],{"class":278},[44,82887,3450],{"class":282},[44,82889,279],{"class":278},[44,82891,66],{"class":58},[44,82893,290],{"class":278},[44,82895,82730],{"class":282},[44,82897,279],{"class":278},[44,82899,66],{"class":58},[44,82901,290],{"class":278},[44,82903,78112],{"class":282},[44,82905,279],{"class":278},[44,82907,3005],{"class":58},[44,82909,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926,82928,82930,82932],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,82911,106],{"class":105},[44,82913,93],{"class":58},[44,82915,82007],{"class":105},[44,82917,93],{"class":58},[44,82919,3485],{"class":89},[44,82921,66],{"class":58},[44,82923,20946],{"class":8554},[44,82925,55],{"class":54},[44,82927,2812],{"class":909},[44,82929,86],{"class":58},[44,82931,8018],{"class":1219},[44,82933,973],{"class":58},[20,82935,118],{},[35,82937,82938],{"className":37,"code":82113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82939,82940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82941,82942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82943,82113],{"class":50},[20,82945,20137,82946,82948],{},[15,82947,78066],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[693,82950,82952],{"id":82951},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,82954,82955,82956,1084],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,82957,37027],{},[35,82959,82961],{"className":37,"code":82960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,82962,82963,83006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82964,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977,82979,82981,82984,82986,82988,82990,82993,82995,82997,82999,83002,83004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82966,904],{"class":50},[44,82968,55],{"class":54},[44,82970,2992],{"class":58},[44,82972,279],{"class":278},[44,82974,184],{"class":282},[44,82976,279],{"class":278},[44,82978,66],{"class":58},[44,82980,290],{"class":278},[44,82982,82983],{"class":282},"bb",[44,82985,279],{"class":278},[44,82987,66],{"class":58},[44,82989,290],{"class":278},[44,82991,82992],{"class":282},"cccc",[44,82994,279],{"class":278},[44,82996,66],{"class":58},[44,82998,290],{"class":278},[44,83000,83001],{"class":282},"ddd",[44,83003,279],{"class":278},[44,83005,3005],{"class":58},[44,83007,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83009,106],{"class":105},[44,83011,93],{"class":58},[44,83013,82007],{"class":105},[44,83015,93],{"class":58},[44,83017,922],{"class":89},[44,83019,66],{"class":58},[44,83021,20946],{"class":8554},[44,83023,55],{"class":54},[44,83025,37027],{"class":1436},[44,83027,42211],{"class":37030},[44,83029,1084],{"class":58},[44,83031,37754],{"class":105},[44,83033,93],{"class":58},[44,83035,34075],{"class":89},[44,83037,2282],{"class":58},[20,83039,118],{},[35,83041,83043],{"className":37,"code":83042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83044,83045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83046,83047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83048,83042],{"class":50},[20,83050,48922,83051,3766,83053,83055],{},[15,83052,82856],{},[15,83054,77953],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,83057,35980,83059,35983],{"id":83058},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83060,82303],{},[20,83062,1351,83063,83065],{},[15,83064,82303],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83067,83068],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83070,83072],{"className":37,"code":83071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83073,83074,83082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83075,83076,83078,83080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83077,51],{"class":50},[44,83079,55],{"class":54},[44,83081,7216],{"class":58},[44,83083,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83085,106],{"class":105},[44,83087,93],{"class":58},[44,83089,82007],{"class":105},[44,83091,93],{"class":58},[44,83093,83],{"class":89},[44,83095,66],{"class":58},[44,83097,25890],{"class":8554},[44,83099,55],{"class":54},[44,83101,1491],{"class":62},[44,83103,973],{"class":58},[20,83105,118],{},[35,83107,83108],{"className":37,"code":46623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83109,83110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83111,83112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83113,46623],{"class":62},[20,83115,83116],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83118,83119,83120,83122],{},"Without ",[15,83121,82303],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83124,51453],{},[35,83126,83128],{"className":37,"code":83127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83129,83130,83138,83165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83131,83132,83134,83136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83133,3441],{"class":50},[44,83135,55],{"class":54},[44,83137,7216],{"class":58},[44,83139,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83161,83163],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83141,1602],{"class":50},[44,83143,55],{"class":54},[44,83145,82354],{"class":105},[44,83147,93],{"class":58},[44,83149,3485],{"class":89},[44,83151,66],{"class":58},[44,83153,25890],{"class":8554},[44,83155,55],{"class":54},[44,83157,279],{"class":278},[44,83159,83160],{"class":282},"no words found",[44,83162,279],{"class":278},[44,83164,99],{"class":58},[44,83166,83167,83169,83171,83173],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83168,106],{"class":105},[44,83170,93],{"class":58},[44,83172,1637],{"class":89},[44,83174,99],{"class":58},[20,83176,118],{},[35,83178,83180],{"className":37,"code":83179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,83181,83182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83183,83184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83185,83179],{"class":50},[20,83187,83188],{},"Important:",[165,83190,83191,83199],{},[168,83192,83193,83195,83196],{},[15,83194,82303],{}," works with ",[15,83197,83198],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[168,83200,40274,83201,83203,83204],{},[116,83202,736],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83205,83206],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,83208,47358],{"id":47357},[20,83210,83211,83212,86],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83213,81948],{},[693,83215,83217,83219],{"id":83216},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83218,40072],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83221,83222,83223,45279,83225,86],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83224,82303],{},[15,83226,40072],{},[35,83228,83230],{"className":37,"code":83229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83231,83232,83240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83233,83234,83236,83238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83235,51],{"class":50},[44,83237,55],{"class":54},[44,83239,7216],{"class":58},[44,83241,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83243,106],{"class":105},[44,83245,93],{"class":58},[44,83247,82007],{"class":105},[44,83249,93],{"class":58},[44,83251,83],{"class":89},[44,83253,973],{"class":58},[20,83255,1071],{},[35,83257,83259],{"className":37,"code":83258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83260,83261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83262,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271,83274,83276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83264,40072],{"class":909},[44,83266,1084],{"class":58},[44,83268,82354],{"class":105},[44,83270,6743],{"class":58},[44,83272,83273],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,83275,11566],{"class":54},[44,83277,83278],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83280,83281,83282,1084],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83283,82303],{},[35,83285,83287],{"className":37,"code":83286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83288,83289,83297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83290,83291,83293,83295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83292,51],{"class":50},[44,83294,55],{"class":54},[44,83296,7216],{"class":58},[44,83298,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83300,106],{"class":105},[44,83302,93],{"class":58},[44,83304,82007],{"class":105},[44,83306,93],{"class":58},[44,83308,83],{"class":89},[44,83310,66],{"class":58},[44,83312,25890],{"class":8554},[44,83314,55],{"class":54},[44,83316,730],{"class":871},[44,83318,973],{"class":58},[20,83320,83321,83322,86],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[184,83323,65208],{"href":72246},[693,83325,83327,83329],{"id":83326},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83328,1081],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83331,83332,83333,86],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83334,1081],{},[35,83336,83338],{"className":37,"code":83337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83339,83340,83364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83341,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83343,904],{"class":50},[44,83345,55],{"class":54},[44,83347,2992],{"class":58},[44,83349,931],{"class":62},[44,83351,66],{"class":58},[44,83353,290],{"class":278},[44,83355,15122],{"class":282},[44,83357,279],{"class":278},[44,83359,66],{"class":58},[44,83361,7173],{"class":62},[44,83363,3005],{"class":58},[44,83365,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83367,106],{"class":105},[44,83369,93],{"class":58},[44,83371,82007],{"class":105},[44,83373,93],{"class":58},[44,83375,922],{"class":89},[44,83377,973],{"class":58},[20,83379,83380],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83382,83383],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,83385,83387],{"className":37,"code":83386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83388,83389,83409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83390,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83392,904],{"class":50},[44,83394,55],{"class":54},[44,83396,2992],{"class":58},[44,83398,931],{"class":62},[44,83400,66],{"class":58},[44,83402,7168],{"class":62},[44,83404,66],{"class":58},[44,83406,7173],{"class":62},[44,83408,3005],{"class":58},[44,83410,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83412,106],{"class":105},[44,83414,93],{"class":58},[44,83416,82007],{"class":105},[44,83418,93],{"class":58},[44,83420,922],{"class":89},[44,83422,973],{"class":58},[20,83424,83425,83426,86],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[184,83427,83429],{"href":83428},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[693,83431,83433,83435],{"id":83432},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83434,1081],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83437,83438,83440],{},[15,83439,81948],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,83442,83444],{"className":37,"code":83443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,83445,83446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83447,83448,83450,83452,83454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83449,106],{"class":105},[44,83451,93],{"class":58},[44,83453,82007],{"class":105},[44,83455,6571],{"class":58},[20,83457,2371,83458,86],{},[15,83459,1081],{},[30,83461,83463,525,83465],{"id":83462},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83464,81948],{},[15,83466,73792],{},[20,83468,83469],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83471,83472,1084],{},[15,83473,81948],{},[165,83475,83476],{},[168,83477,83478],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83480,83481,1084],{},[15,83482,73792],{},[165,83484,83485],{},[168,83486,83487],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83489,894],{},[35,83491,83493],{"className":37,"code":83492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83494,83495,83519,83523,83537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83496,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83498,51],{"class":50},[44,83500,55],{"class":54},[44,83502,2992],{"class":58},[44,83504,1433],{"class":62},[44,83506,66],{"class":58},[44,83508,5736],{"class":62},[44,83510,66],{"class":58},[44,83512,69],{"class":62},[44,83514,66],{"class":58},[44,83516,1064],{"class":62},[44,83518,3005],{"class":58},[44,83520,83521],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83522,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,83524,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83526,106],{"class":105},[44,83528,93],{"class":58},[44,83530,82007],{"class":105},[44,83532,93],{"class":58},[44,83534,83],{"class":89},[44,83536,973],{"class":58},[44,83538,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,83540,106],{"class":105},[44,83542,93],{"class":58},[44,83544,73882],{"class":105},[44,83546,93],{"class":58},[44,83548,83],{"class":89},[44,83550,973],{"class":58},[20,83552,118],{},[35,83554,83556],{"className":37,"code":83555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83557,83558,83562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83559,83560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83561,1754],{"class":62},[44,83563,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83565,3270],{"class":58},[44,83567,472],{"class":62},[44,83569,66],{"class":58},[44,83571,74],{"class":62},[44,83573,66],{"class":58},[44,83575,1064],{"class":62},[44,83577,66],{"class":58},[44,83579,5736],{"class":62},[44,83581,3005],{"class":58},[20,83583,148,83584,83586],{},[15,83585,81948],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83588,148,83589,83593],{},[184,83590,83591],{"href":73889},[15,83592,73792],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83595,83596,83597,86],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[184,83598,83600],{"href":83599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83601,83602],{},"min()",[30,83604,1113],{"id":1112},[20,83606,83607],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[165,83609,83610,83617,83620,83625,83628],{},[168,83611,29018,83612,83614,83615],{},[15,83613,81948],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83616,82303],{},[168,83618,83619],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[168,83621,1129,83622,83624],{},[15,83623,81948],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[168,83626,83627],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[168,83629,1123,83630,83632],{},[15,83631,82303],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83634,10488],{},[35,83636,83638],{"className":37,"code":83637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83639,83640,83650,83664,83678,83692,83714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83641,83642,83644,83646,83648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83643,106],{"class":105},[44,83645,93],{"class":58},[44,83647,922],{"class":89},[44,83649,99],{"class":58},[44,83651,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83653,106],{"class":105},[44,83655,93],{"class":58},[44,83657,1090],{"class":909},[44,83659,93],{"class":58},[44,83661,922],{"class":89},[44,83663,973],{"class":58},[44,83665,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83667,106],{"class":105},[44,83669,93],{"class":58},[44,83671,10537],{"class":105},[44,83673,93],{"class":58},[44,83675,922],{"class":89},[44,83677,973],{"class":58},[44,83679,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,83681,106],{"class":105},[44,83683,93],{"class":58},[44,83685,82007],{"class":105},[44,83687,93],{"class":58},[44,83689,922],{"class":89},[44,83691,973],{"class":58},[44,83693,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,83695,106],{"class":105},[44,83697,93],{"class":58},[44,83699,82007],{"class":105},[44,83701,93],{"class":58},[44,83703,922],{"class":89},[44,83705,66],{"class":58},[44,83707,25890],{"class":8554},[44,83709,55],{"class":54},[44,83711,730],{"class":871},[44,83713,973],{"class":58},[44,83715,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,83717,106],{"class":105},[44,83719,650],{"class":58},[44,83721,1090],{"class":909},[44,83723,93],{"class":58},[44,83725,1545],{"class":89},[44,83727,3031],{"class":58},[44,83729,3247],{"class":3246},[44,83731,3250],{"class":89},[44,83733,3253],{"class":3246},[44,83735,5342],{"class":89},[44,83737,677],{"class":58},[20,83739,83740],{},"These are useful for checking:",[165,83742,83743,83748,83753,83756],{},[168,83744,83745,83746],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83747,922],{},[168,83749,79119,83750,83752],{},[15,83751,922],{}," is a list or some other type",[168,83754,83755],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[168,83757,83758],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83760,68716,83761,83764,83765,83767],{},[15,83762,83763],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83766,922],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,83769,1235],{"id":1234},[693,83771,4516,83773,4519],{"id":83772},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83774,81948],{},[20,83776,83777],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[693,83779,4544,83781,83783],{"id":83780},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83782,81948],{}," work with strings?",[20,83785,83786],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[693,83788,71014],{"id":71013},[20,83790,83791,51868,83793,83795,83796,83798],{},[15,83792,81948],{},[15,83794,40072],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83797,82303],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[693,83800,83802,83803,1863],{"id":83801},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83804,81948],{},[20,83806,148,83807,1084],{},[15,83808,82856],{},[35,83810,83811],{"className":37,"code":82784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83812,83813,83845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83814,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839,83841,83843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83816,3441],{"class":50},[44,83818,55],{"class":54},[44,83820,2992],{"class":58},[44,83822,279],{"class":278},[44,83824,36415],{"class":282},[44,83826,279],{"class":278},[44,83828,66],{"class":58},[44,83830,290],{"class":278},[44,83832,67695],{"class":282},[44,83834,279],{"class":278},[44,83836,66],{"class":58},[44,83838,290],{"class":278},[44,83840,57496],{"class":282},[44,83842,279],{"class":278},[44,83844,3005],{"class":58},[44,83846,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,83848,106],{"class":105},[44,83850,93],{"class":58},[44,83852,82007],{"class":105},[44,83854,93],{"class":58},[44,83856,3485],{"class":89},[44,83858,66],{"class":58},[44,83860,20946],{"class":8554},[44,83862,55],{"class":54},[44,83864,10537],{"class":105},[44,83866,973],{"class":58},[693,83868,4554,83870,3766,83872,1863],{"id":83869},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83871,81948],{},[15,83873,73792],{},[20,83875,83876,83878,83879,83881],{},[15,83877,81948],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,83880,73792],{}," returns all items in order.",[30,83883,1279],{"id":1278},[165,83885,83886,83892,83898,83904,83908,83912],{},[168,83887,83888],{},[184,83889,83890,2878],{"href":83599},[15,83891,83602],{},[168,83893,83894],{},[184,83895,83896,2878],{"href":73889},[15,83897,73792],{},[168,83899,83900],{},[184,83901,83902,2878],{"href":41727},[15,83903,41730],{},[168,83905,83906],{},[184,83907,58325],{"href":58324},[168,83909,83910],{},[184,83911,65208],{"href":72246},[168,83913,83914],{},[184,83915,83429],{"href":83428},[1304,83917,83918],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":83920},[83921,83922,83924,83925,83927,83929,83931,83936,83938,83946,83948,83949,83960],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":82138,"depth":80,"text":83923},"What max() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":82307,"depth":80,"text":83926},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82477,"depth":80,"text":83928},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82612,"depth":80,"text":83930},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78070,"depth":80,"text":79268,"children":83932},[83933,83934,83935],{"id":82780,"depth":102,"text":82781},{"id":82869,"depth":102,"text":82870},{"id":82951,"depth":102,"text":82952},{"id":83058,"depth":80,"text":83937},"Using the default argument",{"id":47357,"depth":80,"text":47358,"children":83939},[83940,83942,83944],{"id":83216,"depth":102,"text":83941},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83326,"depth":102,"text":83943},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83432,"depth":102,"text":83945},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83462,"depth":80,"text":83947},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":83950},[83951,83953,83955,83956,83958],{"id":83772,"depth":102,"text":83952},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83780,"depth":102,"text":83954},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71013,"depth":102,"text":71014},{"id":83801,"depth":102,"text":83957},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83869,"depth":102,"text":83959},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81940,"description":83961},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":83968,"title":83969,"body":83970,"description":85924,"extension":1334,"meta":85925,"navigation":322,"path":85926,"seo":85927,"stem":85928,"__hash__":85929},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83971,"toc":85881},[83972,83977,83982,83988,83990,84064,84066,84079,84084,84089,84105,84109,84114,84190,84196,84199,84242,84244,84252,84258,84261,84292,84294,84302,84308,84313,84372,84374,84383,84386,84396,84402,84407,84442,84444,84452,84458,84464,84469,84513,84515,84524,84527,84567,84569,84578,84581,84593,84598,84603,84654,84656,84665,84668,84719,84721,84730,84733,84740,84746,84751,84753,84768,84772,84832,84834,84843,84847,85019,85021,85058,85065,85071,85074,85101,85103,85124,85129,85164,85166,85174,85177,85180,85196,85201,85203,85207,85213,85217,85244,85247,85257,85297,85301,85304,85347,85349,85358,85361,85366,85435,85437,85445,85450,85454,85457,85508,85510,85518,85521,85584,85586,85594,85597,85602,85606,85619,85626,85634,85636,85638,85668,85674,85775,85785,85787,85792,85795,85800,85803,85805,85813,85821,85829,85836,85844,85846,85878],[10,83973,2945,83975,2949],{"id":83974},"python-min-function-explained",[15,83976,83602],{},[20,83978,83979,83981],{},[15,83980,83602],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,83983,83984,83985,83987],{},"This page explains what ",[15,83986,83602],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,83989,33],{"id":32},[35,83991,83993],{"className":37,"code":83992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,83994,83995,84019,84034,84038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83996,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83998,51],{"class":50},[44,84000,55],{"class":54},[44,84002,2992],{"class":58},[44,84004,1508],{"class":62},[44,84006,66],{"class":58},[44,84008,69],{"class":62},[44,84010,66],{"class":58},[44,84012,53507],{"class":62},[44,84014,66],{"class":58},[44,84016,4874],{"class":62},[44,84018,3005],{"class":58},[44,84020,84021,84023,84025,84028,84030,84032],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84022,106],{"class":105},[44,84024,93],{"class":58},[44,84026,84027],{"class":105},"min",[44,84029,93],{"class":58},[44,84031,83],{"class":89},[44,84033,973],{"class":58},[44,84035,84036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84037,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,84039,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,84041,106],{"class":105},[44,84043,93],{"class":58},[44,84045,84027],{"class":105},[44,84047,93],{"class":58},[44,84049,1508],{"class":62},[44,84051,66],{"class":58},[44,84053,69],{"class":62},[44,84055,66],{"class":58},[44,84057,53507],{"class":62},[44,84059,66],{"class":58},[44,84061,4874],{"class":62},[44,84063,973],{"class":58},[20,84065,118],{},[35,84067,84069],{"className":37,"code":84068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84070,84071,84075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84072,84073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84074,46288],{"class":62},[44,84076,84077],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84078,46288],{"class":62},[20,84080,148,84081,84083],{},[15,84082,83602],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,84085,155,84087,158],{"id":84086},"what-min-does",[15,84088,83602],{},[165,84090,84091,84096,84099,84102],{},[168,84092,84093,84095],{},[15,84094,83602],{}," returns the smallest item",[168,84097,84098],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[168,84100,84101],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[168,84103,84104],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,84106,84108],{"id":84107},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84110,84111,84112,1084],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84113,83602],{},[35,84115,84117],{"className":37,"code":84116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84118,84119,84129,84154,84172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84120,84121,84123,84125,84127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84122,84027],{"class":105},[44,84124,93],{"class":58},[44,84126,3091],{"class":89},[44,84128,99],{"class":58},[44,84130,84131,84133,84135,84138,84140,84143,84145,84148,84150,84152],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84132,84027],{"class":105},[44,84134,93],{"class":58},[44,84136,84137],{"class":89},"value1",[44,84139,66],{"class":58},[44,84141,84142],{"class":89}," value2",[44,84144,66],{"class":58},[44,84146,84147],{"class":89}," value3",[44,84149,66],{"class":58},[44,84151,33820],{"class":105},[44,84153,99],{"class":58},[44,84155,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164,84166,84168,84170],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84157,84027],{"class":105},[44,84159,93],{"class":58},[44,84161,3091],{"class":89},[44,84163,66],{"class":58},[44,84165,20946],{"class":8554},[44,84167,55],{"class":54},[44,84169,36738],{"class":105},[44,84171,99],{"class":58},[44,84173,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,84175,84027],{"class":105},[44,84177,93],{"class":58},[44,84179,3091],{"class":89},[44,84181,66],{"class":58},[44,84183,25890],{"class":8554},[44,84185,55],{"class":54},[44,84187,36738],{"class":105},[44,84189,99],{"class":58},[693,84191,84193],{"id":84192},"miniterable",[15,84194,84195],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84197,84198],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,84200,84202],{"className":37,"code":84201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84203,84204,84228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84205,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224,84226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84207,51],{"class":50},[44,84209,55],{"class":54},[44,84211,2992],{"class":58},[44,84213,1718],{"class":62},[44,84215,66],{"class":58},[44,84217,74],{"class":62},[44,84219,66],{"class":58},[44,84221,30308],{"class":62},[44,84223,66],{"class":58},[44,84225,4874],{"class":62},[44,84227,3005],{"class":58},[44,84229,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84231,106],{"class":105},[44,84233,93],{"class":58},[44,84235,84027],{"class":105},[44,84237,93],{"class":58},[44,84239,83],{"class":89},[44,84241,973],{"class":58},[20,84243,118],{},[35,84245,84246],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84247,84248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84249,84250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84251,46288],{"class":62},[693,84253,84255],{"id":84254},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84256,84257],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84259,84260],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,84262,84264],{"className":37,"code":84263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84265,84266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84267,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84269,106],{"class":105},[44,84271,93],{"class":58},[44,84273,84027],{"class":105},[44,84275,93],{"class":58},[44,84277,1718],{"class":62},[44,84279,66],{"class":58},[44,84281,74],{"class":62},[44,84283,66],{"class":58},[44,84285,30308],{"class":62},[44,84287,66],{"class":58},[44,84289,4874],{"class":62},[44,84291,973],{"class":58},[20,84293,118],{},[35,84295,84296],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84297,84298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84299,84300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84301,46288],{"class":62},[693,84303,84305],{"id":84304},"miniterable-key",[15,84306,84307],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84309,148,84310,84312],{},[15,84311,14212],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,84314,84316],{"className":37,"code":84315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84317,84318,84350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84319,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84321,3441],{"class":50},[44,84323,55],{"class":54},[44,84325,2992],{"class":58},[44,84327,279],{"class":278},[44,84329,78112],{"class":282},[44,84331,279],{"class":278},[44,84333,66],{"class":58},[44,84335,290],{"class":278},[44,84337,37709],{"class":282},[44,84339,279],{"class":278},[44,84341,66],{"class":58},[44,84343,290],{"class":278},[44,84345,3459],{"class":282},[44,84347,279],{"class":278},[44,84349,3005],{"class":58},[44,84351,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84353,106],{"class":105},[44,84355,93],{"class":58},[44,84357,84027],{"class":105},[44,84359,93],{"class":58},[44,84361,3485],{"class":89},[44,84363,66],{"class":58},[44,84365,20946],{"class":8554},[44,84367,55],{"class":54},[44,84369,10537],{"class":105},[44,84371,973],{"class":58},[20,84373,118],{},[35,84375,84377],{"className":37,"code":84376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,84378,84379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84380,84381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84382,84376],{"class":50},[20,84384,84385],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84387,84388,84389,84391,84392,86],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84390,41730],{},", see the ",[184,84393,84394,2878],{"href":41727},[15,84395,41730],{},[693,84397,84399],{"id":84398},"miniterable-default",[15,84400,84401],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84403,148,84404,84406],{},[15,84405,82303],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,84408,84410],{"className":37,"code":84409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84411,84412,84420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84413,84414,84416,84418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84415,51],{"class":50},[44,84417,55],{"class":54},[44,84419,7216],{"class":58},[44,84421,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84423,106],{"class":105},[44,84425,93],{"class":58},[44,84427,84027],{"class":105},[44,84429,93],{"class":58},[44,84431,83],{"class":89},[44,84433,66],{"class":58},[44,84435,25890],{"class":8554},[44,84437,55],{"class":54},[44,84439,1491],{"class":62},[44,84441,973],{"class":58},[20,84443,118],{},[35,84445,84446],{"className":37,"code":46623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84447,84448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84449,84450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84451,46623],{"class":62},[20,84453,84454,84455,84457],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84456,40072],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,84459,1123,84461,84463],{"id":84460},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84462,83602],{}," with numbers",[20,84465,84466,84468],{},[15,84467,83602],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,84470,84472],{"className":37,"code":84471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84473,84474,84499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84475,84476,84478,84480,84482,84484,84486,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84477,4437],{"class":50},[44,84479,55],{"class":54},[44,84481,2992],{"class":58},[44,84483,50878],{"class":62},[44,84485,66],{"class":58},[44,84487,84488],{"class":62}," 72",[44,84490,66],{"class":58},[44,84492,28274],{"class":62},[44,84494,66],{"class":58},[44,84496,75468],{"class":62},[44,84498,3005],{"class":58},[44,84500,84501,84503,84505,84507,84509,84511],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84502,106],{"class":105},[44,84504,93],{"class":58},[44,84506,84027],{"class":105},[44,84508,93],{"class":58},[44,84510,15757],{"class":89},[44,84512,973],{"class":58},[20,84514,118],{},[35,84516,84518],{"className":37,"code":84517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,84519,84520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84521,84522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84523,84517],{"class":62},[20,84525,84526],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,84528,84530],{"className":37,"code":84529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84531,84532,84553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84533,84534,84536,84538,84540,84542,84544,84547,84549,84551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84535,82415],{"class":50},[44,84537,55],{"class":54},[44,84539,2992],{"class":58},[44,84541,39767],{"class":62},[44,84543,66],{"class":58},[44,84545,84546],{"class":62}," 5.49",[44,84548,66],{"class":58},[44,84550,82431],{"class":62},[44,84552,3005],{"class":58},[44,84554,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84556,106],{"class":105},[44,84558,93],{"class":58},[44,84560,84027],{"class":105},[44,84562,93],{"class":58},[44,84564,82451],{"class":89},[44,84566,973],{"class":58},[20,84568,118],{},[35,84570,84572],{"className":37,"code":84571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,84573,84574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84575,84576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84577,84571],{"class":62},[20,84579,84580],{},"This is useful for things like:",[165,84582,84583,84585,84587,84590],{},[168,84584,15757],{},[168,84586,82451],{},[168,84588,84589],{},"measurements",[168,84591,84592],{},"ages",[30,84594,1123,84596,46430],{"id":84595},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84597,83602],{},[20,84599,84600,84602],{},[15,84601,83602],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,84604,84606],{"className":37,"code":84605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84607,84608,84640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84609,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84611,3441],{"class":50},[44,84613,55],{"class":54},[44,84615,2992],{"class":58},[44,84617,279],{"class":278},[44,84619,3459],{"class":282},[44,84621,279],{"class":278},[44,84623,66],{"class":58},[44,84625,290],{"class":278},[44,84627,3450],{"class":282},[44,84629,279],{"class":278},[44,84631,66],{"class":58},[44,84633,290],{"class":278},[44,84635,3468],{"class":282},[44,84637,279],{"class":278},[44,84639,3005],{"class":58},[44,84641,84642,84644,84646,84648,84650,84652],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84643,106],{"class":105},[44,84645,93],{"class":58},[44,84647,84027],{"class":105},[44,84649,93],{"class":58},[44,84651,3485],{"class":89},[44,84653,973],{"class":58},[20,84655,118],{},[35,84657,84659],{"className":37,"code":84658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,84660,84661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84662,84663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84664,84658],{"class":50},[20,84666,84667],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,84669,84671],{"className":37,"code":84670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84672,84673,84705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84674,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701,84703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84676,3441],{"class":50},[44,84678,55],{"class":54},[44,84680,2992],{"class":58},[44,84682,279],{"class":278},[44,84684,3459],{"class":282},[44,84686,279],{"class":278},[44,84688,66],{"class":58},[44,84690,290],{"class":278},[44,84692,57137],{"class":282},[44,84694,279],{"class":278},[44,84696,66],{"class":58},[44,84698,290],{"class":278},[44,84700,3468],{"class":282},[44,84702,279],{"class":278},[44,84704,3005],{"class":58},[44,84706,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84708,106],{"class":105},[44,84710,93],{"class":58},[44,84712,84027],{"class":105},[44,84714,93],{"class":58},[44,84716,3485],{"class":89},[44,84718,973],{"class":58},[20,84720,118],{},[35,84722,84724],{"className":37,"code":84723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,84725,84726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84727,84728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84729,84723],{"class":50},[20,84731,84732],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84734,84735,84736,86],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[184,84737,84738,5159],{"href":73889},[15,84739,73792],{},[30,84741,1123,84743,84745],{"id":84742},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84744,83602],{}," with a key function",[20,84747,1351,84748,84750],{},[15,84749,14212],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84752,220],{},[165,84754,84755,84760,84765],{},[168,84756,84757,84759],{},[15,84758,14212],{}," changes the comparison rule",[168,84761,84762,84764],{},[15,84763,83602],{}," still returns the original item",[168,84766,84767],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[693,84769,84771],{"id":84770},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,84773,84775],{"className":37,"code":84774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84776,84777,84810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84778,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84806,84808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84780,3441],{"class":50},[44,84782,55],{"class":54},[44,84784,2992],{"class":58},[44,84786,279],{"class":278},[44,84788,67695],{"class":282},[44,84790,279],{"class":278},[44,84792,66],{"class":58},[44,84794,290],{"class":278},[44,84796,36415],{"class":282},[44,84798,279],{"class":278},[44,84800,66],{"class":58},[44,84802,290],{"class":278},[44,84804,84805],{"class":282},"giraffe",[44,84807,279],{"class":278},[44,84809,3005],{"class":58},[44,84811,84812,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828,84830],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84813,106],{"class":105},[44,84815,93],{"class":58},[44,84817,84027],{"class":105},[44,84819,93],{"class":58},[44,84821,3485],{"class":89},[44,84823,66],{"class":58},[44,84825,20946],{"class":8554},[44,84827,55],{"class":54},[44,84829,10537],{"class":105},[44,84831,973],{"class":58},[20,84833,118],{},[35,84835,84837],{"className":37,"code":84836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,84838,84839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84840,84841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84842,84836],{"class":50},[693,84844,84846],{"id":84845},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,84848,84850],{"className":37,"code":84849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84851,84852,84862,84897,84929,84961,84965,84969,85008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84853,84854,84857,84859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84855,84856],{"class":50},"students ",[44,84858,55],{"class":54},[44,84860,84861],{"class":58}," [\n",[44,84863,84864,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84888,84890,84892,84894],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,84865,84866],{"class":58},"    {",[44,84868,279],{"class":278},[44,84870,7046],{"class":282},[44,84872,279],{"class":278},[44,84874,1084],{"class":58},[44,84876,290],{"class":278},[44,84878,12253],{"class":282},[44,84880,279],{"class":278},[44,84882,66],{"class":58},[44,84884,290],{"class":278},[44,84886,84887],{"class":282},"score",[44,84889,279],{"class":278},[44,84891,1084],{"class":58},[44,84893,12878],{"class":62},[44,84895,84896],{"class":58},"},\n",[44,84898,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84900,84866],{"class":58},[44,84902,279],{"class":278},[44,84904,7046],{"class":282},[44,84906,279],{"class":278},[44,84908,1084],{"class":58},[44,84910,290],{"class":278},[44,84912,35309],{"class":282},[44,84914,279],{"class":278},[44,84916,66],{"class":58},[44,84918,290],{"class":278},[44,84920,84887],{"class":282},[44,84922,279],{"class":278},[44,84924,1084],{"class":58},[44,84926,84488],{"class":62},[44,84928,84896],{"class":58},[44,84930,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,84932,84866],{"class":58},[44,84934,279],{"class":278},[44,84936,7046],{"class":282},[44,84938,279],{"class":278},[44,84940,1084],{"class":58},[44,84942,290],{"class":278},[44,84944,35318],{"class":282},[44,84946,279],{"class":278},[44,84948,66],{"class":58},[44,84950,290],{"class":278},[44,84952,84887],{"class":282},[44,84954,279],{"class":278},[44,84956,1084],{"class":58},[44,84958,19264],{"class":62},[44,84960,77],{"class":58},[44,84962,84963],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,84964,3005],{"class":58},[44,84966,84967],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,84968,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,84970,84971,84974,84976,84979,84981,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,84972,84973],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,84975,55],{"class":54},[44,84977,84978],{"class":105}," min",[44,84980,93],{"class":58},[44,84982,84983],{"class":89},"students",[44,84985,66],{"class":58},[44,84987,20946],{"class":8554},[44,84989,55],{"class":54},[44,84991,37027],{"class":1436},[44,84993,12279],{"class":37030},[44,84995,1084],{"class":58},[44,84997,12279],{"class":89},[44,84999,3270],{"class":58},[44,85001,279],{"class":278},[44,85003,84887],{"class":282},[44,85005,279],{"class":278},[44,85007,677],{"class":58},[44,85009,85010,85012,85014,85017],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,85011,106],{"class":105},[44,85013,93],{"class":58},[44,85015,85016],{"class":89},"lowest",[44,85018,99],{"class":58},[20,85020,118],{},[35,85022,85024],{"className":37,"code":85023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85025,85026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85027,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85029,128],{"class":58},[44,85031,351],{"class":278},[44,85033,7046],{"class":282},[44,85035,351],{"class":278},[44,85037,1084],{"class":58},[44,85039,360],{"class":278},[44,85041,35309],{"class":282},[44,85043,351],{"class":278},[44,85045,66],{"class":58},[44,85047,360],{"class":278},[44,85049,84887],{"class":282},[44,85051,351],{"class":278},[44,85053,1084],{"class":58},[44,85055,84488],{"class":62},[44,85057,77],{"class":58},[20,85059,85060,85061,85064],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85062,85063],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,85066,1123,85068,85070],{"id":85067},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85069,82303],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85072,85073],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85075,85077],{"className":37,"code":85076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85078,85079,85087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85080,85081,85083,85085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85082,51],{"class":50},[44,85084,55],{"class":54},[44,85086,7216],{"class":58},[44,85088,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85090,106],{"class":105},[44,85092,93],{"class":58},[44,85094,84027],{"class":105},[44,85096,93],{"class":58},[44,85098,83],{"class":89},[44,85100,973],{"class":58},[20,85102,118],{},[35,85104,85106],{"className":37,"code":85105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85107,85108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85109,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85111,40072],{"class":909},[44,85113,1084],{"class":58},[44,85115,84978],{"class":105},[44,85117,6743],{"class":58},[44,85119,83273],{"class":50},[44,85121,11566],{"class":54},[44,85123,83278],{"class":50},[20,85125,85126,85127,1084],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85128,82303],{},[35,85130,85132],{"className":37,"code":85131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85133,85134,85142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85135,85136,85138,85140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85137,51],{"class":50},[44,85139,55],{"class":54},[44,85141,7216],{"class":58},[44,85143,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85145,106],{"class":105},[44,85147,93],{"class":58},[44,85149,84027],{"class":105},[44,85151,93],{"class":58},[44,85153,83],{"class":89},[44,85155,66],{"class":58},[44,85157,25890],{"class":8554},[44,85159,55],{"class":54},[44,85161,730],{"class":871},[44,85163,973],{"class":58},[20,85165,118],{},[35,85167,85168],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85169,85170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85171,85172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85173,864],{"class":871},[20,85175,85176],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85178,85179],{},"Remember:",[165,85181,85182,85190],{},[168,85183,85184,85186,85187,85189],{},[15,85185,82303],{}," works only when ",[15,85188,83602],{}," gets one iterable argument",[168,85191,85192,85193],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85194,85195],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85197,85198,85199,86],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[184,85200,65208],{"href":72246},[30,85202,10120],{"id":10119},[20,85204,56144,85205,86],{},[15,85206,83602],{},[693,85208,85210,85211],{"id":85209},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85212,82303],{},[20,85214,2371,85215,1084],{},[15,85216,40072],{},[35,85218,85220],{"className":37,"code":85219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85221,85222,85230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85223,85224,85226,85228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85225,904],{"class":50},[44,85227,55],{"class":54},[44,85229,7216],{"class":58},[44,85231,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85233,106],{"class":105},[44,85235,93],{"class":58},[44,85237,84027],{"class":105},[44,85239,93],{"class":58},[44,85241,922],{"class":89},[44,85243,973],{"class":58},[20,85245,85246],{},"Fix it by:",[165,85248,85249,85252],{},[168,85250,85251],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[168,85253,85254,85255],{},"or using ",[15,85256,82303],{},[35,85258,85260],{"className":37,"code":85259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85261,85262,85270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85263,85264,85266,85268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85265,904],{"class":50},[44,85267,55],{"class":54},[44,85269,7216],{"class":58},[44,85271,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85293,85295],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85273,106],{"class":105},[44,85275,93],{"class":58},[44,85277,84027],{"class":105},[44,85279,93],{"class":58},[44,85281,922],{"class":89},[44,85283,66],{"class":58},[44,85285,25890],{"class":8554},[44,85287,55],{"class":54},[44,85289,279],{"class":278},[44,85291,85292],{"class":282},"no items",[44,85294,279],{"class":278},[44,85296,973],{"class":58},[693,85298,85300],{"id":85299},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85302,85303],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,85305,85307],{"className":37,"code":85306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85308,85309,85333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85310,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85312,8544],{"class":50},[44,85314,55],{"class":54},[44,85316,2992],{"class":58},[44,85318,931],{"class":62},[44,85320,66],{"class":58},[44,85322,290],{"class":278},[44,85324,15122],{"class":282},[44,85326,279],{"class":278},[44,85328,66],{"class":58},[44,85330,1064],{"class":62},[44,85332,3005],{"class":58},[44,85334,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85336,106],{"class":105},[44,85338,93],{"class":58},[44,85340,84027],{"class":105},[44,85342,93],{"class":58},[44,85344,8583],{"class":89},[44,85346,973],{"class":58},[20,85348,118],{},[35,85350,85352],{"className":37,"code":85351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,85353,85354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85355,85356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85357,85351],{"class":909},[20,85359,85360],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85362,85363,85364,86],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85365,83602],{},[35,85367,85369],{"className":37,"code":85368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85370,85371,85395,85421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85372,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85374,8544],{"class":50},[44,85376,55],{"class":54},[44,85378,2992],{"class":58},[44,85380,931],{"class":62},[44,85382,66],{"class":58},[44,85384,290],{"class":278},[44,85386,15122],{"class":282},[44,85388,279],{"class":278},[44,85390,66],{"class":58},[44,85392,1064],{"class":62},[44,85394,3005],{"class":58},[44,85396,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85398,51],{"class":50},[44,85400,55],{"class":54},[44,85402,2992],{"class":58},[44,85404,1560],{"class":909},[44,85406,93],{"class":58},[44,85408,1545],{"class":89},[44,85410,3031],{"class":58},[44,85412,3247],{"class":3246},[44,85414,3250],{"class":50},[44,85416,3253],{"class":3246},[44,85418,13938],{"class":50},[44,85420,3005],{"class":58},[44,85422,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85424,106],{"class":105},[44,85426,93],{"class":58},[44,85428,84027],{"class":105},[44,85430,93],{"class":58},[44,85432,83],{"class":89},[44,85434,973],{"class":58},[20,85436,118],{},[35,85438,85439],{"className":37,"code":2317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85440,85441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85442,85443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85444,2317],{"class":62},[20,85446,85447,85448,86],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85449,1081],{},[693,85451,85453],{"id":85452},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85455,85456],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,85458,85460],{"className":37,"code":85459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85461,85462,85494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85463,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490,85492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85465,3441],{"class":50},[44,85467,55],{"class":54},[44,85469,2992],{"class":58},[44,85471,279],{"class":278},[44,85473,78928],{"class":282},[44,85475,279],{"class":278},[44,85477,66],{"class":58},[44,85479,290],{"class":278},[44,85481,57137],{"class":282},[44,85483,279],{"class":278},[44,85485,66],{"class":58},[44,85487,290],{"class":278},[44,85489,78945],{"class":282},[44,85491,279],{"class":278},[44,85493,3005],{"class":58},[44,85495,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85497,106],{"class":105},[44,85499,93],{"class":58},[44,85501,84027],{"class":105},[44,85503,93],{"class":58},[44,85505,3485],{"class":89},[44,85507,973],{"class":58},[20,85509,118],{},[35,85511,85512],{"className":37,"code":84723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85513,85514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85515,85516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85517,84723],{"class":50},[20,85519,85520],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,85522,85524],{"className":37,"code":85523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85525,85526,85558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85527,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85529,3441],{"class":50},[44,85531,55],{"class":54},[44,85533,2992],{"class":58},[44,85535,279],{"class":278},[44,85537,78928],{"class":282},[44,85539,279],{"class":278},[44,85541,66],{"class":58},[44,85543,290],{"class":278},[44,85545,57137],{"class":282},[44,85547,279],{"class":278},[44,85549,66],{"class":58},[44,85551,290],{"class":278},[44,85553,78945],{"class":282},[44,85555,279],{"class":278},[44,85557,3005],{"class":58},[44,85559,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85561,106],{"class":105},[44,85563,93],{"class":58},[44,85565,84027],{"class":105},[44,85567,93],{"class":58},[44,85569,3485],{"class":89},[44,85571,66],{"class":58},[44,85573,20946],{"class":8554},[44,85575,55],{"class":54},[44,85577,2812],{"class":909},[44,85579,86],{"class":58},[44,85581,8018],{"class":1219},[44,85583,973],{"class":58},[20,85585,118],{},[35,85587,85588],{"className":37,"code":84723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85589,85590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85591,85592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85593,84723],{"class":50},[20,85595,85596],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,85598,4334,85600],{"id":85599},"when-to-use-min",[15,85601,83602],{},[20,85603,148,85604,9977],{},[15,85605,83602],{},[165,85607,85608,85611,85616],{},[168,85609,85610],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[168,85612,85613,85614],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85615,14212],{},[168,85617,85618],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85620,148,85621,85625],{},[184,85622,85623],{"href":73889},[15,85624,73792],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85627,148,85628,85633],{},[184,85629,85631],{"href":85630},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85632,81948],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,85635,1113],{"id":1112},[20,85637,83607],{},[165,85639,85640,85648,85651,85656,85663],{},[168,85641,85642,85643,85645,85646],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85644,83602],{}," without using ",[15,85647,82303],{},[168,85649,85650],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[168,85652,1129,85653,85655],{},[15,85654,83602],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[168,85657,4077,85658,85660,85661,84764],{},[15,85659,14212],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85662,83602],{},[168,85664,1123,85665,85667],{},[15,85666,82303],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85669,85670,85671,85673],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85672,83602],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,85675,85677],{"className":37,"code":85676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85678,85679,85693,85703,85717,85731,85753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85680,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85682,106],{"class":105},[44,85684,93],{"class":58},[44,85686,1090],{"class":909},[44,85688,93],{"class":58},[44,85690,8583],{"class":89},[44,85692,973],{"class":58},[44,85694,85695,85697,85699,85701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,85696,106],{"class":105},[44,85698,93],{"class":58},[44,85700,8583],{"class":89},[44,85702,99],{"class":58},[44,85704,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713,85715],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85706,106],{"class":105},[44,85708,93],{"class":58},[44,85710,10537],{"class":105},[44,85712,93],{"class":58},[44,85714,8583],{"class":89},[44,85716,973],{"class":58},[44,85718,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,85720,106],{"class":105},[44,85722,93],{"class":58},[44,85724,84027],{"class":105},[44,85726,93],{"class":58},[44,85728,8583],{"class":89},[44,85730,973],{"class":58},[44,85732,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,85734,106],{"class":105},[44,85736,93],{"class":58},[44,85738,84027],{"class":105},[44,85740,93],{"class":58},[44,85742,8583],{"class":89},[44,85744,66],{"class":58},[44,85746,25890],{"class":8554},[44,85748,55],{"class":54},[44,85750,730],{"class":871},[44,85752,973],{"class":58},[44,85754,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,85756,106],{"class":105},[44,85758,93],{"class":58},[44,85760,84027],{"class":105},[44,85762,93],{"class":58},[44,85764,3485],{"class":89},[44,85766,66],{"class":58},[44,85768,20946],{"class":8554},[44,85770,55],{"class":54},[44,85772,10537],{"class":105},[44,85774,973],{"class":58},[20,85776,85777,85778,85781,85782,85784],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85779,85780],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85783,8583],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,85786,1235],{"id":1234},[693,85788,4516,85790,4519],{"id":85789},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85791,83602],{},[20,85793,85794],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[693,85796,4544,85798,83783],{"id":85797},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85799,83602],{},[20,85801,85802],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[693,85804,71014],{"id":71013},[20,85806,85807,51868,85809,83795,85811,35989],{},[15,85808,83602],{},[15,85810,40072],{},[15,85812,82303],{},[693,85814,4516,85816,85818,85819,1863],{"id":85815},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85817,14212],{}," do in ",[15,85820,83602],{},[20,85822,85823,85825,85826,85828],{},[15,85824,14212],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85827,82856],{}," compares strings by length.",[693,85830,4554,85832,3766,85834,1863],{"id":85831},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85833,83602],{},[15,85835,73792],{},[20,85837,85838,85840,85841,85843],{},[15,85839,83602],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85842,73792],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,85845,1279],{"id":1278},[165,85847,85848,85854,85860,85866,85870,85874],{},[168,85849,85850],{},[184,85851,85852,2878],{"href":85630},[15,85853,81948],{},[168,85855,85856],{},[184,85857,85858,2878],{"href":73889},[15,85859,73792],{},[168,85861,85862],{},[184,85863,85864,2878],{"href":41727},[15,85865,41730],{},[168,85867,85868],{},[184,85869,79241],{"href":77744},[168,85871,85872],{},[184,85873,58325],{"href":58324},[168,85875,85876],{},[184,85877,65208],{"href":72246},[1304,85879,85880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":85882},[85883,85884,85886,85892,85894,85896,85901,85903,85909,85911,85912,85923],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":84086,"depth":80,"text":85885},"What min() does",{"id":84107,"depth":80,"text":84108,"children":85887},[85888,85889,85890,85891],{"id":84192,"depth":102,"text":84195},{"id":84254,"depth":102,"text":84257},{"id":84304,"depth":102,"text":84307},{"id":84398,"depth":102,"text":84401},{"id":84460,"depth":80,"text":85893},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84595,"depth":80,"text":85895},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84742,"depth":80,"text":85897,"children":85898},"Using min() with a key function",[85899,85900],{"id":84770,"depth":102,"text":84771},{"id":84845,"depth":102,"text":84846},{"id":85067,"depth":80,"text":85902},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10119,"depth":80,"text":10120,"children":85904},[85905,85907,85908],{"id":85209,"depth":102,"text":85906},"Empty list without default",{"id":85299,"depth":102,"text":85300},{"id":85452,"depth":102,"text":85453},{"id":85599,"depth":80,"text":85910},"When to use min()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":85913},[85914,85916,85918,85919,85921],{"id":85789,"depth":102,"text":85915},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85797,"depth":102,"text":85917},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71013,"depth":102,"text":71014},{"id":85815,"depth":102,"text":85920},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85831,"depth":102,"text":85922},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":83969,"description":85924},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85931,"title":85932,"body":85933,"description":88112,"extension":1334,"meta":88113,"navigation":322,"path":88114,"seo":88115,"stem":88116,"__hash__":88117},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85934,"toc":88076},[85935,85938,85944,85950,85952,86033,86042,86046,86051,86053,86098,86100,86180,86186,86188,86191,86223,86225,86243,86245,86318,86320,86339,86343,86346,86382,86384,86451,86525,86598,86603,86607,86613,86616,86633,86636,86638,86699,86701,86721,86727,86731,86734,86804,86807,86826,86831,86907,86910,86914,86920,86924,86929,86999,87003,87008,87082,87086,87089,87164,87175,87179,87184,87274,87279,87347,87350,87369,87380,87384,87387,87392,87395,87457,87460,87471,87476,87479,87482,87487,87490,87493,87497,87500,87506,87509,87520,87522,87584,87599,87605,87608,87611,87622,87633,87639,87642,87644,87706,87716,87722,87727,87733,87737,87743,87746,87767,87769,87774,87801,87804,87831,87834,87873,87876,87914,87917,87978,87981,87983,87987,87990,87994,88000,88008,88016,88020,88023,88027,88033,88035,88073],[10,85936,85932],{"id":85937},"python-open-function-explained",[20,85939,85940,85943],{},[15,85941,85942],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,85945,85946,85947,85949],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,85948,85942],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,85951,33],{"id":32},[35,85953,85955],{"className":37,"code":85954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,85956,85957,86006,86022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85958,85959,85962,85965,85967,85969,85972,85974,85976,85978,85980,85982,85984,85987,85989,85991,85994,85996,85998,86000,86004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85960,85961],{"class":3246},"with",[44,85963,85964],{"class":105}," open",[44,85966,93],{"class":58},[44,85968,279],{"class":278},[44,85970,85971],{"class":282},"example.txt",[44,85973,279],{"class":278},[44,85975,66],{"class":58},[44,85977,290],{"class":278},[44,85979,59874],{"class":282},[44,85981,279],{"class":278},[44,85983,66],{"class":58},[44,85985,85986],{"class":8554}," encoding",[44,85988,55],{"class":54},[44,85990,279],{"class":278},[44,85992,85993],{"class":282},"utf-8",[44,85995,279],{"class":278},[44,85997,3031],{"class":58},[44,85999,46729],{"class":3246},[44,86001,86003],{"class":86002},"sMMDD"," file",[44,86005,5770],{"class":58},[44,86007,86008,86011,86013,86015,86017,86020],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86009,86010],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86012,55],{"class":54},[44,86014,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86016,86],{"class":58},[44,86018,86019],{"class":89},"read",[44,86021,913],{"class":58},[44,86023,86024,86026,86028,86031],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86025,7447],{"class":105},[44,86027,93],{"class":58},[44,86029,86030],{"class":89},"content",[44,86032,99],{"class":58},[20,86034,148,86035,86037,86038,86041],{},[15,86036,85961],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86039,86040],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,86043,86045],{"id":86044},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86047,86048,86050],{},[15,86049,85942],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86052,220],{},[165,86054,86055,86058,86063,86068],{},[168,86056,86057],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[168,86059,40274,86060,86062],{},[116,86061,736],{}," read or write anything by itself",[168,86064,16789,86065],{},[116,86066,86067],{},"file object",[168,86069,86070,86071],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[165,86072,86073,86078,86083,86088,86093],{},[168,86074,86075],{},[15,86076,86077],{},"read()",[168,86079,86080],{},[15,86081,86082],{},"readline()",[168,86084,86085],{},[15,86086,86087],{},"readlines()",[168,86089,86090],{},[15,86091,86092],{},"write()",[168,86094,86095],{},[15,86096,86097],{},"close()",[20,86099,894],{},[35,86101,86103],{"className":37,"code":86102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86104,86105,86144,86159,86169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86106,86107,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86108,86109],{"class":86002},"file",[44,86111,12647],{"class":54},[44,86113,85964],{"class":105},[44,86115,93],{"class":58},[44,86117,279],{"class":278},[44,86119,85971],{"class":282},[44,86121,279],{"class":278},[44,86123,66],{"class":58},[44,86125,290],{"class":278},[44,86127,59874],{"class":282},[44,86129,279],{"class":278},[44,86131,66],{"class":58},[44,86133,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86135,55],{"class":54},[44,86137,279],{"class":278},[44,86139,85993],{"class":282},[44,86141,279],{"class":278},[44,86143,99],{"class":58},[44,86145,86146,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86147,86148],{"class":50},"content ",[44,86150,55],{"class":54},[44,86152,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86154,86],{"class":58},[44,86156,86019],{"class":89},[44,86158,913],{"class":58},[44,86160,86161,86163,86165,86167],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86162,106],{"class":105},[44,86164,93],{"class":58},[44,86166,86030],{"class":89},[44,86168,99],{"class":58},[44,86170,86171,86173,86175,86178],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,86172,86109],{"class":86002},[44,86174,86],{"class":58},[44,86176,86177],{"class":89},"close",[44,86179,913],{"class":58},[20,86181,86182,86183,86185],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86184,85961],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,86187,196],{"id":195},[20,86189,86190],{},"A common form is:",[35,86192,86194],{"className":37,"code":86193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86195,86196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86197,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86199,41796],{"class":105},[44,86201,93],{"class":58},[44,86203,86109],{"class":86002},[44,86205,66],{"class":58},[44,86207,86208],{"class":89}," mode",[44,86210,66],{"class":58},[44,86212,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86214,55],{"class":54},[44,86216,279],{"class":278},[44,86218,85993],{"class":282},[44,86220,279],{"class":278},[44,86222,99],{"class":58},[20,86224,64414],{},[165,86226,86227,86232,86237],{},[168,86228,86229,86231],{},[15,86230,86109],{}," is the file name or file path",[168,86233,86234,86236],{},[15,86235,20285],{}," controls how the file is opened",[168,86238,86239,86242],{},[15,86240,86241],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86244,894],{},[35,86246,86248],{"className":37,"code":86247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86249,86250,86293,86308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86251,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289,86291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86253,85961],{"class":3246},[44,86255,85964],{"class":105},[44,86257,93],{"class":58},[44,86259,279],{"class":278},[44,86261,86262],{"class":282},"notes.txt",[44,86264,279],{"class":278},[44,86266,66],{"class":58},[44,86268,290],{"class":278},[44,86270,59874],{"class":282},[44,86272,279],{"class":278},[44,86274,66],{"class":58},[44,86276,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86278,55],{"class":54},[44,86280,279],{"class":278},[44,86282,85993],{"class":282},[44,86284,279],{"class":278},[44,86286,3031],{"class":58},[44,86288,46729],{"class":3246},[44,86290,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86292,5770],{"class":58},[44,86294,86295,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86296,86297],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,86299,55],{"class":54},[44,86301,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86303,86],{"class":58},[44,86305,86019],{"class":89},[44,86307,913],{"class":58},[44,86309,86310,86312,86314,86316],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86311,7447],{"class":105},[44,86313,93],{"class":58},[44,86315,34075],{"class":89},[44,86317,99],{"class":58},[20,86319,19323],{},[165,86321,86322,86328,86333],{},[168,86323,86324,86327],{},[15,86325,86326],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[168,86329,86330,86332],{},[15,86331,86040],{}," means open for reading",[168,86334,86335,86338],{},[15,86336,86337],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,86340,86342],{"id":86341},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86344,86345],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[165,86347,86348,86353,86359,86364,86370,86376],{},[168,86349,86350,86352],{},[15,86351,86040],{}," = read a text file",[168,86354,86355,86358],{},[15,86356,86357],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[168,86360,86361,86363],{},[15,86362,17462],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[168,86365,86366,86369],{},[15,86367,86368],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[168,86371,86372,86375],{},[15,86373,86374],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[168,86377,86378,86381],{},[15,86379,86380],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86383,1497],{},[35,86385,86387],{"className":37,"code":86386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86388,86389,86394,86437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86390,86391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86392,86393],{"class":3034},"# Read a text file\n",[44,86395,86396,86398,86400,86402,86404,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86397,85961],{"class":3246},[44,86399,85964],{"class":105},[44,86401,93],{"class":58},[44,86403,279],{"class":278},[44,86405,86406],{"class":282},"data.txt",[44,86408,279],{"class":278},[44,86410,66],{"class":58},[44,86412,290],{"class":278},[44,86414,59874],{"class":282},[44,86416,279],{"class":278},[44,86418,66],{"class":58},[44,86420,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86422,55],{"class":54},[44,86424,279],{"class":278},[44,86426,85993],{"class":282},[44,86428,279],{"class":278},[44,86430,3031],{"class":58},[44,86432,46729],{"class":3246},[44,86434,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86436,5770],{"class":58},[44,86438,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86440,7447],{"class":105},[44,86442,93],{"class":58},[44,86444,86109],{"class":86002},[44,86446,86],{"class":58},[44,86448,86019],{"class":89},[44,86450,6571],{"class":58},[35,86452,86454],{"className":37,"code":86453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86455,86456,86461,86503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86457,86458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86459,86460],{"class":3034},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,86462,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86464,85961],{"class":3246},[44,86466,85964],{"class":105},[44,86468,93],{"class":58},[44,86470,279],{"class":278},[44,86472,86406],{"class":282},[44,86474,279],{"class":278},[44,86476,66],{"class":58},[44,86478,290],{"class":278},[44,86480,59857],{"class":282},[44,86482,279],{"class":278},[44,86484,66],{"class":58},[44,86486,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86488,55],{"class":54},[44,86490,279],{"class":278},[44,86492,85993],{"class":282},[44,86494,279],{"class":278},[44,86496,3031],{"class":58},[44,86498,46729],{"class":3246},[44,86500,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86502,5770],{"class":58},[44,86504,86505,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516,86518,86521,86523],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86506,86507],{"class":86002},"    file",[44,86509,86],{"class":58},[44,86511,69564],{"class":89},[44,86513,93],{"class":58},[44,86515,279],{"class":278},[44,86517,34234],{"class":282},[44,86519,86520],{"class":33819},"\\n",[44,86522,279],{"class":278},[44,86524,99],{"class":58},[35,86526,86528],{"className":37,"code":86527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86529,86530,86535,86577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86531,86532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86533,86534],{"class":3034},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,86536,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573,86575],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86538,85961],{"class":3246},[44,86540,85964],{"class":105},[44,86542,93],{"class":58},[44,86544,279],{"class":278},[44,86546,86406],{"class":282},[44,86548,279],{"class":278},[44,86550,66],{"class":58},[44,86552,290],{"class":278},[44,86554,184],{"class":282},[44,86556,279],{"class":278},[44,86558,66],{"class":58},[44,86560,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86562,55],{"class":54},[44,86564,279],{"class":278},[44,86566,85993],{"class":282},[44,86568,279],{"class":278},[44,86570,3031],{"class":58},[44,86572,46729],{"class":3246},[44,86574,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86576,5770],{"class":58},[44,86578,86579,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86592,86594,86596],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86580,86507],{"class":86002},[44,86582,86],{"class":58},[44,86584,69564],{"class":89},[44,86586,93],{"class":58},[44,86588,279],{"class":278},[44,86590,86591],{"class":282},"Another line",[44,86593,86520],{"class":33819},[44,86595,279],{"class":278},[44,86597,99],{"class":58},[20,86599,68716,86600,86602],{},[15,86601,86357],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,86604,86606],{"id":86605},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86608,86609,21342,86611,86],{},[15,86610,85942],{},[116,86612,86067],{},[20,86614,86615],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[165,86617,86618,86623,86628],{},[168,86619,86620],{},[15,86621,86622],{},"file.read()",[168,86624,86625],{},[15,86626,86627],{},"file.write()",[168,86629,86630],{},[15,86631,86632],{},"file.close()",[20,86634,86635],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86637,894],{},[35,86639,86641],{"className":37,"code":86640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86642,86643,86685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86644,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86646,85961],{"class":3246},[44,86648,85964],{"class":105},[44,86650,93],{"class":58},[44,86652,279],{"class":278},[44,86654,85971],{"class":282},[44,86656,279],{"class":278},[44,86658,66],{"class":58},[44,86660,290],{"class":278},[44,86662,59874],{"class":282},[44,86664,279],{"class":278},[44,86666,66],{"class":58},[44,86668,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86670,55],{"class":54},[44,86672,279],{"class":278},[44,86674,85993],{"class":282},[44,86676,279],{"class":278},[44,86678,3031],{"class":58},[44,86680,46729],{"class":3246},[44,86682,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86684,5770],{"class":58},[44,86686,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695,86697],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86688,7447],{"class":105},[44,86690,93],{"class":58},[44,86692,1090],{"class":909},[44,86694,93],{"class":58},[44,86696,86109],{"class":86002},[44,86698,973],{"class":58},[20,86700,339],{},[35,86702,86704],{"className":37,"code":86703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86705,86706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86707,86708,86710,86712,86714,86717,86719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86709,2659],{"class":54},[44,86711,2662],{"class":1436},[44,86713,360],{"class":278},[44,86715,86716],{"class":282},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,86718,351],{"class":278},[44,86720,2671],{"class":54},[20,86722,86723,86724,86726],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86725,85942],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,86728,86730],{"id":86729},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86732,86733],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,86735,86736],{"className":37,"code":85954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86737,86738,86780,86794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86739,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86741,85961],{"class":3246},[44,86743,85964],{"class":105},[44,86745,93],{"class":58},[44,86747,279],{"class":278},[44,86749,85971],{"class":282},[44,86751,279],{"class":278},[44,86753,66],{"class":58},[44,86755,290],{"class":278},[44,86757,59874],{"class":282},[44,86759,279],{"class":278},[44,86761,66],{"class":58},[44,86763,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86765,55],{"class":54},[44,86767,279],{"class":278},[44,86769,85993],{"class":282},[44,86771,279],{"class":278},[44,86773,3031],{"class":58},[44,86775,46729],{"class":3246},[44,86777,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86779,5770],{"class":58},[44,86781,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86783,86010],{"class":50},[44,86785,55],{"class":54},[44,86787,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86789,86],{"class":58},[44,86791,86019],{"class":89},[44,86793,913],{"class":58},[44,86795,86796,86798,86800,86802],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86797,7447],{"class":105},[44,86799,93],{"class":58},[44,86801,86030],{"class":89},[44,86803,99],{"class":58},[20,86805,86806],{},"Why this is recommended:",[165,86808,86809,86814,86820,86823],{},[168,86810,86811,86813],{},[15,86812,85961],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[168,86815,86816,86817,86819],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86818,86097],{}," yourself",[168,86821,86822],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[168,86824,86825],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86827,83119,86828,86830],{},[15,86829,85961],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,86832,86833],{"className":37,"code":86102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86834,86835,86873,86887,86897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86836,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86838,86109],{"class":86002},[44,86840,12647],{"class":54},[44,86842,85964],{"class":105},[44,86844,93],{"class":58},[44,86846,279],{"class":278},[44,86848,85971],{"class":282},[44,86850,279],{"class":278},[44,86852,66],{"class":58},[44,86854,290],{"class":278},[44,86856,59874],{"class":282},[44,86858,279],{"class":278},[44,86860,66],{"class":58},[44,86862,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86864,55],{"class":54},[44,86866,279],{"class":278},[44,86868,85993],{"class":282},[44,86870,279],{"class":278},[44,86872,99],{"class":58},[44,86874,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86876,86148],{"class":50},[44,86878,55],{"class":54},[44,86880,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86882,86],{"class":58},[44,86884,86019],{"class":89},[44,86886,913],{"class":58},[44,86888,86889,86891,86893,86895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86890,106],{"class":105},[44,86892,93],{"class":58},[44,86894,86030],{"class":89},[44,86896,99],{"class":58},[44,86898,86899,86901,86903,86905],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,86900,86109],{"class":86002},[44,86902,86],{"class":58},[44,86904,86177],{"class":89},[44,86906,913],{"class":58},[20,86908,86909],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,86911,86913],{"id":86912},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86915,86916,86917,86919],{},"Use mode ",[15,86918,86040],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[693,86921,86923],{"id":86922},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86925,86926,86928],{},[15,86927,86077],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,86930,86931],{"className":37,"code":85954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86932,86933,86975,86989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86934,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86936,85961],{"class":3246},[44,86938,85964],{"class":105},[44,86940,93],{"class":58},[44,86942,279],{"class":278},[44,86944,85971],{"class":282},[44,86946,279],{"class":278},[44,86948,66],{"class":58},[44,86950,290],{"class":278},[44,86952,59874],{"class":282},[44,86954,279],{"class":278},[44,86956,66],{"class":58},[44,86958,85986],{"class":8554},[44,86960,55],{"class":54},[44,86962,279],{"class":278},[44,86964,85993],{"class":282},[44,86966,279],{"class":278},[44,86968,3031],{"class":58},[44,86970,46729],{"class":3246},[44,86972,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86974,5770],{"class":58},[44,86976,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,86978,86010],{"class":50},[44,86980,55],{"class":54},[44,86982,86003],{"class":86002},[44,86984,86],{"class":58},[44,86986,86019],{"class":89},[44,86988,913],{"class":58},[44,86990,86991,86993,86995,86997],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86992,7447],{"class":105},[44,86994,93],{"class":58},[44,86996,86030],{"class":89},[44,86998,99],{"class":58},[693,87000,87002],{"id":87001},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87004,87005,87007],{},[15,87006,86082],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87009,87011],{"className":37,"code":87010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87012,87013,87055,87071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87014,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87016,85961],{"class":3246},[44,87018,85964],{"class":105},[44,87020,93],{"class":58},[44,87022,279],{"class":278},[44,87024,85971],{"class":282},[44,87026,279],{"class":278},[44,87028,66],{"class":58},[44,87030,290],{"class":278},[44,87032,59874],{"class":282},[44,87034,279],{"class":278},[44,87036,66],{"class":58},[44,87038,85986],{"class":8554},[44,87040,55],{"class":54},[44,87042,279],{"class":278},[44,87044,85993],{"class":282},[44,87046,279],{"class":278},[44,87048,3031],{"class":58},[44,87050,46729],{"class":3246},[44,87052,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87054,5770],{"class":58},[44,87056,87057,87060,87062,87064,87066,87069],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87058,87059],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87061,55],{"class":54},[44,87063,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87065,86],{"class":58},[44,87067,87068],{"class":89},"readline",[44,87070,913],{"class":58},[44,87072,87073,87075,87077,87080],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87074,7447],{"class":105},[44,87076,93],{"class":58},[44,87078,87079],{"class":89},"first_line",[44,87081,99],{"class":58},[693,87083,87085],{"id":87084},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87087,87088],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87090,87092],{"className":37,"code":87091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87093,87094,87136,87150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87095,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87097,85961],{"class":3246},[44,87099,85964],{"class":105},[44,87101,93],{"class":58},[44,87103,279],{"class":278},[44,87105,85971],{"class":282},[44,87107,279],{"class":278},[44,87109,66],{"class":58},[44,87111,290],{"class":278},[44,87113,59874],{"class":282},[44,87115,279],{"class":278},[44,87117,66],{"class":58},[44,87119,85986],{"class":8554},[44,87121,55],{"class":54},[44,87123,279],{"class":278},[44,87125,85993],{"class":282},[44,87127,279],{"class":278},[44,87129,3031],{"class":58},[44,87131,46729],{"class":3246},[44,87133,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87135,5770],{"class":58},[44,87137,87138,87141,87144,87146,87148],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87139,87140],{"class":3246},"    for",[44,87142,87143],{"class":50}," line ",[44,87145,3253],{"class":3246},[44,87147,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87149,5770],{"class":58},[44,87151,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87153,46709],{"class":105},[44,87155,93],{"class":58},[44,87157,46],{"class":89},[44,87159,86],{"class":58},[44,87161,8012],{"class":89},[44,87163,6571],{"class":58},[20,87165,87166,87167,188,87171,86],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[184,87168,87170],{"href":87169},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[184,87172,87174],{"href":87173},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,87176,87178],{"id":87177},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87180,148,87181,87183],{},[15,87182,86357],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,87185,87187],{"className":37,"code":87186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87188,87189,87232,87253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87190,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87192,85961],{"class":3246},[44,87194,85964],{"class":105},[44,87196,93],{"class":58},[44,87198,279],{"class":278},[44,87200,87201],{"class":282},"output.txt",[44,87203,279],{"class":278},[44,87205,66],{"class":58},[44,87207,290],{"class":278},[44,87209,59857],{"class":282},[44,87211,279],{"class":278},[44,87213,66],{"class":58},[44,87215,85986],{"class":8554},[44,87217,55],{"class":54},[44,87219,279],{"class":278},[44,87221,85993],{"class":282},[44,87223,279],{"class":278},[44,87225,3031],{"class":58},[44,87227,46729],{"class":3246},[44,87229,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87231,5770],{"class":58},[44,87233,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87247,87249,87251],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87235,86507],{"class":86002},[44,87237,86],{"class":58},[44,87239,69564],{"class":89},[44,87241,93],{"class":58},[44,87243,279],{"class":278},[44,87245,87246],{"class":282},"First line",[44,87248,86520],{"class":33819},[44,87250,279],{"class":278},[44,87252,99],{"class":58},[44,87254,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87268,87270,87272],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87256,86507],{"class":86002},[44,87258,86],{"class":58},[44,87260,69564],{"class":89},[44,87262,93],{"class":58},[44,87264,279],{"class":278},[44,87266,87267],{"class":282},"Second line",[44,87269,86520],{"class":33819},[44,87271,279],{"class":278},[44,87273,99],{"class":58},[20,87275,148,87276,87278],{},[15,87277,17462],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,87280,87282],{"className":37,"code":87281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87283,87284,87326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87285,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87287,85961],{"class":3246},[44,87289,85964],{"class":105},[44,87291,93],{"class":58},[44,87293,279],{"class":278},[44,87295,87201],{"class":282},[44,87297,279],{"class":278},[44,87299,66],{"class":58},[44,87301,290],{"class":278},[44,87303,184],{"class":282},[44,87305,279],{"class":278},[44,87307,66],{"class":58},[44,87309,85986],{"class":8554},[44,87311,55],{"class":54},[44,87313,279],{"class":278},[44,87315,85993],{"class":282},[44,87317,279],{"class":278},[44,87319,3031],{"class":58},[44,87321,46729],{"class":3246},[44,87323,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87325,5770],{"class":58},[44,87327,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87341,87343,87345],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87329,86507],{"class":86002},[44,87331,86],{"class":58},[44,87333,69564],{"class":89},[44,87335,93],{"class":58},[44,87337,279],{"class":278},[44,87339,87340],{"class":282},"Third line",[44,87342,86520],{"class":33819},[44,87344,279],{"class":278},[44,87346,99],{"class":58},[20,87348,87349],{},"Important detail:",[165,87351,87352,87357,87364],{},[168,87353,87354,87356],{},[15,87355,86092],{}," writes a string",[168,87358,87359,13425,87361,87363],{},[15,87360,86092],{},[116,87362,736],{}," add a newline for you",[168,87365,87366,87367,86819],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87368,86520],{},[20,87370,87371,87372,188,87376,86],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[184,87373,87375],{"href":87374},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[184,87377,87379],{"href":87378},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,87381,87383],{"id":87382},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87385,87386],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[693,87388,87390],{"id":87389},"encodingutf-8",[15,87391,86337],{},[20,87393,87394],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,87396,87398],{"className":37,"code":87397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87399,87400,87443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87401,87402,87404,87406,87408,87410,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87403,85961],{"class":3246},[44,87405,85964],{"class":105},[44,87407,93],{"class":58},[44,87409,279],{"class":278},[44,87411,87412],{"class":282},"message.txt",[44,87414,279],{"class":278},[44,87416,66],{"class":58},[44,87418,290],{"class":278},[44,87420,59874],{"class":282},[44,87422,279],{"class":278},[44,87424,66],{"class":58},[44,87426,85986],{"class":8554},[44,87428,55],{"class":54},[44,87430,279],{"class":278},[44,87432,85993],{"class":282},[44,87434,279],{"class":278},[44,87436,3031],{"class":58},[44,87438,46729],{"class":3246},[44,87440,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87442,5770],{"class":58},[44,87444,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87446,7447],{"class":105},[44,87448,93],{"class":58},[44,87450,86109],{"class":86002},[44,87452,86],{"class":58},[44,87454,86019],{"class":89},[44,87456,6571],{"class":58},[20,87458,87459],{},"Why it matters:",[165,87461,87462,87465,87468],{},[168,87463,87464],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[168,87466,87467],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[168,87469,87470],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[693,87472,87474],{"id":87473},"newline",[15,87475,87473],{},[20,87477,87478],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87480,87481],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[693,87483,87485],{"id":87484},"buffering",[15,87486,87484],{},[20,87488,87489],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87491,87492],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,87494,87496],{"id":87495},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87498,87499],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[693,87501,87503],{"id":87502},"filenotfounderror",[15,87504,87505],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87507,87508],{},"This happens when:",[165,87510,87511,87514,87517],{},[168,87512,87513],{},"the file does not exist",[168,87515,87516],{},"the path is wrong",[168,87518,87519],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87521,894],{},[35,87523,87525],{"className":37,"code":87524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87526,87527,87570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87528,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87530,85961],{"class":3246},[44,87532,85964],{"class":105},[44,87534,93],{"class":58},[44,87536,279],{"class":278},[44,87538,87539],{"class":282},"missing.txt",[44,87541,279],{"class":278},[44,87543,66],{"class":58},[44,87545,290],{"class":278},[44,87547,59874],{"class":282},[44,87549,279],{"class":278},[44,87551,66],{"class":58},[44,87553,85986],{"class":8554},[44,87555,55],{"class":54},[44,87557,279],{"class":278},[44,87559,85993],{"class":282},[44,87561,279],{"class":278},[44,87563,3031],{"class":58},[44,87565,46729],{"class":3246},[44,87567,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87569,5770],{"class":58},[44,87571,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87573,7447],{"class":105},[44,87575,93],{"class":58},[44,87577,86109],{"class":86002},[44,87579,86],{"class":58},[44,87581,86019],{"class":89},[44,87583,6571],{"class":58},[20,87585,87586,87587,3766,87595,86],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[184,87588,87590,87591,87594],{"href":87589},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,87592,87593],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[184,87596,87598],{"href":87597},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[693,87600,87602],{"id":87601},"permissionerror",[15,87603,87604],{},"PermissionError",[20,87606,87607],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87609,87610],{},"Example causes:",[165,87612,87613,87616,87619],{},[168,87614,87615],{},"the file is protected",[168,87617,87618],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[168,87620,87621],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87623,87624,87625],{},"Related page: ",[184,87626,87628,87629,87632],{"href":87627},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,87630,87631],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[693,87634,87636],{"id":87635},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87637,87638],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87640,87641],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87643,894],{},[35,87645,87647],{"className":37,"code":87646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87648,87649,87692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87650,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87652,85961],{"class":3246},[44,87654,85964],{"class":105},[44,87656,93],{"class":58},[44,87658,279],{"class":278},[44,87660,87661],{"class":282},"my_folder",[44,87663,279],{"class":278},[44,87665,66],{"class":58},[44,87667,290],{"class":278},[44,87669,59874],{"class":282},[44,87671,279],{"class":278},[44,87673,66],{"class":58},[44,87675,85986],{"class":8554},[44,87677,55],{"class":54},[44,87679,279],{"class":278},[44,87681,85993],{"class":282},[44,87683,279],{"class":278},[44,87685,3031],{"class":58},[44,87687,46729],{"class":3246},[44,87689,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87691,5770],{"class":58},[44,87693,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87695,7447],{"class":105},[44,87697,93],{"class":58},[44,87699,86109],{"class":86002},[44,87701,86],{"class":58},[44,87703,86019],{"class":89},[44,87705,6571],{"class":58},[20,87707,87624,87708],{},[184,87709,87711,87712,87715],{"href":87710},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,87713,87714],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[693,87717,87719],{"id":87718},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87720,87721],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87723,87724,87725,86],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87726,85942],{},[20,87728,87624,87729],{},[184,87730,87732],{"href":87731},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,87734,87736],{"id":87735},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87738,87739,87740,87742],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87741,85942],{}," function.",[20,87744,87745],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[165,87747,87748,87751,87754,87760],{},[168,87749,87750],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[168,87752,87753],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[168,87755,87756,87757,87759],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87758,85942],{}," itself",[168,87761,87762,87763],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[184,87764,87766],{"href":87765},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,87768,1113],{"id":1112},[20,87770,87771,87772,1084],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87773,85942],{},[165,87775,87776,87781,87787,87792,87795,87798],{},[168,87777,1123,87778,87780],{},[15,87779,86040],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[168,87782,87783,87784,87786],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87785,86241],{}," for text files",[168,87788,1123,87789,87791],{},[15,87790,86357],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[168,87793,87794],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[168,87796,87797],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[168,87799,87800],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87802,87803],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,87805,87807],{"className":37,"code":87806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87808,87809,87816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87810,87811,87813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87812,34458],{"class":3246},[44,87814,87815],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,87817,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87829],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87819,106],{"class":105},[44,87821,93],{"class":58},[44,87823,41995],{"class":89},[44,87825,86],{"class":58},[44,87827,87828],{"class":89},"getcwd",[44,87830,6571],{"class":58},[20,87832,87833],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,87835,87837],{"className":37,"code":87836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87838,87839,87845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87840,87841,87843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87842,34458],{"class":3246},[44,87844,87815],{"class":50},[44,87846,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87858,87860,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87848,106],{"class":105},[44,87850,93],{"class":58},[44,87852,41995],{"class":89},[44,87854,86],{"class":58},[44,87856,87857],{"class":1219},"path",[44,87859,86],{"class":58},[44,87861,87862],{"class":89},"exists",[44,87864,93],{"class":58},[44,87866,279],{"class":278},[44,87868,85971],{"class":282},[44,87870,279],{"class":278},[44,87872,973],{"class":58},[20,87874,87875],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,87877,87879],{"className":37,"code":87878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87880,87881,87887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87882,87883,87885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87884,34458],{"class":3246},[44,87886,87815],{"class":50},[44,87888,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87890,106],{"class":105},[44,87892,93],{"class":58},[44,87894,41995],{"class":89},[44,87896,86],{"class":58},[44,87898,87857],{"class":1219},[44,87900,86],{"class":58},[44,87902,87903],{"class":89},"isfile",[44,87905,93],{"class":58},[44,87907,279],{"class":278},[44,87909,85971],{"class":282},[44,87911,279],{"class":278},[44,87913,973],{"class":58},[20,87915,87916],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,87918,87920],{"className":37,"code":87919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87921,87922,87964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87923,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87925,85961],{"class":3246},[44,87927,85964],{"class":105},[44,87929,93],{"class":58},[44,87931,279],{"class":278},[44,87933,85971],{"class":282},[44,87935,279],{"class":278},[44,87937,66],{"class":58},[44,87939,290],{"class":278},[44,87941,59874],{"class":282},[44,87943,279],{"class":278},[44,87945,66],{"class":58},[44,87947,85986],{"class":8554},[44,87949,55],{"class":54},[44,87951,279],{"class":278},[44,87953,85993],{"class":282},[44,87955,279],{"class":278},[44,87957,3031],{"class":58},[44,87959,46729],{"class":3246},[44,87961,86003],{"class":86002},[44,87963,5770],{"class":58},[44,87965,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,87967,7447],{"class":105},[44,87969,93],{"class":58},[44,87971,86109],{"class":86002},[44,87973,86],{"class":58},[44,87975,86019],{"class":89},[44,87977,6571],{"class":58},[20,87979,87980],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,87982,1235],{"id":1234},[693,87984,87986],{"id":87985},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,87988,87989],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[693,87991,87993],{"id":87992},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,87995,87996,87997,87999],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,87998,85961],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[693,88001,4554,88003,3766,88005,88007],{"id":88002},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88004,86357],{},[15,88006,17462],{}," mode?",[20,88009,88010,88012,88013,88015],{},[15,88011,86357],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88014,17462],{}," adds new content to the end.",[693,88017,88019],{"id":88018},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88021,88022],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[693,88024,88026],{"id":88025},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88028,88029,88030,88032],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88031,86337],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,88034,1279],{"id":1278},[165,88036,88037,88041,88045,88049,88053,88057,88061,88067],{},[168,88038,88039],{},[184,88040,87170],{"href":87169},[168,88042,88043],{},[184,88044,87375],{"href":87374},[168,88046,88047],{},[184,88048,87379],{"href":87378},[168,88050,88051],{},[184,88052,87174],{"href":87173},[168,88054,88055],{},[184,88056,87766],{"href":87765},[168,88058,88059],{},[184,88060,87598],{"href":87597},[168,88062,88063],{},[184,88064,87590,88065,87594],{"href":87589},[44,88066,87593],{},[168,88068,88069],{},[184,88070,87628,88071,87632],{"href":87627},[44,88072,87631],{},[1304,88074,88075],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":88077},[88078,88079,88080,88081,88082,88083,88084,88089,88090,88095,88101,88102,88103,88111],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":86044,"depth":80,"text":86045},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":86341,"depth":80,"text":86342},{"id":86605,"depth":80,"text":86606},{"id":86729,"depth":80,"text":86730},{"id":86912,"depth":80,"text":86913,"children":88085},[88086,88087,88088],{"id":86922,"depth":102,"text":86923},{"id":87001,"depth":102,"text":87002},{"id":87084,"depth":102,"text":87085},{"id":87177,"depth":80,"text":87178},{"id":87382,"depth":80,"text":87383,"children":88091},[88092,88093,88094],{"id":87389,"depth":102,"text":86337},{"id":87473,"depth":102,"text":87473},{"id":87484,"depth":102,"text":87484},{"id":87495,"depth":80,"text":87496,"children":88096},[88097,88098,88099,88100],{"id":87502,"depth":102,"text":87505},{"id":87601,"depth":102,"text":87604},{"id":87635,"depth":102,"text":87638},{"id":87718,"depth":102,"text":87721},{"id":87735,"depth":80,"text":87736},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":88104},[88105,88106,88107,88109,88110],{"id":87985,"depth":102,"text":87986},{"id":87992,"depth":102,"text":87993},{"id":88002,"depth":102,"text":88108},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88018,"depth":102,"text":88019},{"id":88025,"depth":102,"text":88026},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85932,"description":88112},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88119,"title":88120,"body":88121,"description":90116,"extension":1334,"meta":90117,"navigation":322,"path":90118,"seo":90119,"stem":90120,"__hash__":90121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88122,"toc":90063},[88123,88128,88133,88139,88141,88209,88211,88230,88235,88240,88245,88248,88260,88262,88305,88307,88325,88336,88338,88340,88365,88367,88378,88380,88440,88442,88468,88471,88475,88480,88484,88487,88521,88525,88528,88553,88557,88580,88584,88617,88622,88626,88631,88634,88702,88704,88728,88733,88736,88767,88769,88801,88818,88822,88827,88851,88858,88863,88868,88871,88875,88910,88912,88921,88925,89016,89018,89049,89054,89061,89066,89075,89078,89112,89114,89128,89132,89173,89175,89184,89188,89236,89238,89252,89257,89268,89275,89281,89283,89318,89320,89334,89337,89359,89365,89394,89405,89411,89417,89431,89433,89512,89514,89564,89571,89573,89578,89582,89585,89600,89605,89607,89626,89632,89635,89650,89652,89670,89676,89681,89711,89714,89737,89740,89767,89774,89780,89788,89811,89816,89824,89826,89846,89850,89856,89906,89909,89931,89933,89939,89947,89953,89959,89967,89972,89976,89979,90002,90007,90014,90026,90028,90060],[10,88124,2945,88126,2949],{"id":88125},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88127,45823],{},[20,88129,31682,88130,88132],{},[15,88131,45823],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88134,88135,88136,88138],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88137,45823],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,88140,33],{"id":32},[35,88142,88144],{"className":37,"code":88143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88145,88146,88158,88167,88171,88181,88191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88147,88148,88150,88152,88154,88156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88149,7254],{"class":50},[44,88151,55],{"class":54},[44,88153,290],{"class":278},[44,88155,7299],{"class":282},[44,88157,2727],{"class":278},[44,88159,88160,88162,88164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88161,20995],{"class":50},[44,88163,55],{"class":54},[44,88165,88166],{"class":62}," 12\n",[44,88168,88169],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88170,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,88172,88173,88175,88177,88179],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,88174,106],{"class":105},[44,88176,93],{"class":58},[44,88178,7046],{"class":89},[44,88180,99],{"class":58},[44,88182,88183,88185,88187,88189],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,88184,106],{"class":105},[44,88186,93],{"class":58},[44,88188,8677],{"class":89},[44,88190,99],{"class":58},[44,88192,88193,88195,88197,88199,88201,88203,88205,88207],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,88194,106],{"class":105},[44,88196,93],{"class":58},[44,88198,279],{"class":278},[44,88200,34234],{"class":282},[44,88202,279],{"class":278},[44,88204,66],{"class":58},[44,88206,35360],{"class":89},[44,88208,99],{"class":58},[20,88210,118],{},[35,88212,88214],{"className":37,"code":88213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88215,88216,88221,88225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88217,88218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88219,88220],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,88222,88223],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88224,1597],{"class":62},[44,88226,88227],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88228,88229],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88231,148,88232,88234],{},[15,88233,45823],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,88236,155,88238,158],{"id":88237},"what-print-does",[15,88239,45823],{},[20,88241,88242,88244],{},[15,88243,45823],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88246,88247],{},"You can use it to display:",[165,88249,88250,88252,88254,88257],{},[168,88251,34075],{},[168,88253,83],{},[168,88255,88256],{},"variables",[168,88258,88259],{},"expressions",[20,88261,894],{},[35,88263,88265],{"className":37,"code":88264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88266,88267,88281,88291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88268,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88270,106],{"class":105},[44,88272,93],{"class":58},[44,88274,279],{"class":278},[44,88276,34234],{"class":282},[44,88278,279],{"class":278},[44,88280,99],{"class":58},[44,88282,88283,88285,88287,88289],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88284,106],{"class":105},[44,88286,93],{"class":58},[44,88288,1508],{"class":62},[44,88290,99],{"class":58},[44,88292,88293,88295,88297,88299,88301,88303],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88294,106],{"class":105},[44,88296,93],{"class":58},[44,88298,472],{"class":62},[44,88300,1826],{"class":54},[44,88302,74],{"class":62},[44,88304,99],{"class":58},[20,88306,118],{},[35,88308,88310],{"className":37,"code":88309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88311,88312,88317,88321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88313,88314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88315,88316],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,88318,88319],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88320,2317],{"class":62},[44,88322,88323],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88324,2317],{"class":62},[20,88326,88327,88328,88330,88331,88335],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88329,45823],{}," ",[116,88332,3062,88333],{},[15,88334,730],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,88337,196],{"id":195},[20,88339,30090],{},[35,88341,88343],{"className":37,"code":88342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88344,88345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88346,88347,88349,88351,88354,88356,88359,88361,88363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88348,106],{"class":105},[44,88350,93],{"class":58},[44,88352,88353],{"class":89},"object1",[44,88355,66],{"class":58},[44,88357,88358],{"class":89}," object2",[44,88360,66],{"class":58},[44,88362,33820],{"class":105},[44,88364,99],{"class":58},[20,88366,79571],{},[165,88368,88369,88372,88375],{},[168,88370,88371],{},"one value",[168,88373,88374],{},"many values",[168,88376,88377],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88379,894],{},[35,88381,88383],{"className":37,"code":88382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88384,88385,88399,88418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88386,88387,88389,88391,88393,88395,88397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88388,106],{"class":105},[44,88390,93],{"class":58},[44,88392,279],{"class":278},[44,88394,57137],{"class":282},[44,88396,279],{"class":278},[44,88398,99],{"class":58},[44,88400,88401,88403,88405,88407,88410,88412,88414,88416],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88402,106],{"class":105},[44,88404,93],{"class":58},[44,88406,279],{"class":278},[44,88408,88409],{"class":282},"Score:",[44,88411,279],{"class":278},[44,88413,66],{"class":58},[44,88415,5381],{"class":62},[44,88417,99],{"class":58},[44,88419,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434,88436,88438],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88421,106],{"class":105},[44,88423,93],{"class":58},[44,88425,279],{"class":278},[44,88427,44934],{"class":282},[44,88429,279],{"class":278},[44,88431,66],{"class":58},[44,88433,143],{"class":62},[44,88435,1826],{"class":54},[44,88437,37011],{"class":62},[44,88439,99],{"class":58},[20,88441,118],{},[35,88443,88445],{"className":37,"code":88444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88446,88447,88451,88460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88448,88449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88450,84723],{"class":50},[44,88452,88453,88456,88458],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88454,88455],{"class":50},"Score",[44,88457,1084],{"class":58},[44,88459,1958],{"class":62},[44,88461,88462,88464,88466],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88463,44974],{"class":50},[44,88465,1084],{"class":58},[44,88467,1958],{"class":62},[20,88469,88470],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,88472,88474],{"id":88473},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88476,88477,88478,86],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88479,45823],{},[693,88481,88483],{"id":88482},"print-text","Print text",[20,88485,88486],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,88488,88490],{"className":37,"code":88489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88491,88492,88506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88493,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502,88504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88495,106],{"class":105},[44,88497,93],{"class":58},[44,88499,279],{"class":278},[44,88501,34234],{"class":282},[44,88503,279],{"class":278},[44,88505,99],{"class":58},[44,88507,88508,88510,88512,88514,88517,88519],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88509,106],{"class":105},[44,88511,93],{"class":58},[44,88513,279],{"class":278},[44,88515,88516],{"class":282},"Python is fun",[44,88518,279],{"class":278},[44,88520,99],{"class":58},[693,88522,88524],{"id":88523},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88526,88527],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,88529,88531],{"className":37,"code":88530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88532,88533,88543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88534,88535,88537,88539,88541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88536,106],{"class":105},[44,88538,93],{"class":58},[44,88540,1508],{"class":62},[44,88542,99],{"class":58},[44,88544,88545,88547,88549,88551],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88546,106],{"class":105},[44,88548,93],{"class":58},[44,88550,39512],{"class":62},[44,88552,99],{"class":58},[693,88554,88556],{"id":88555},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,88558,88560],{"className":37,"code":88559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88561,88562,88570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88563,88564,88566,88568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88565,4469],{"class":50},[44,88567,55],{"class":54},[44,88569,13502],{"class":62},[44,88571,88572,88574,88576,88578],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88573,106],{"class":105},[44,88575,93],{"class":58},[44,88577,84887],{"class":89},[44,88579,99],{"class":58},[693,88581,88583],{"id":88582},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,88585,88587],{"className":37,"code":88586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88588,88589,88603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88590,88591,88593,88595,88597,88599,88601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88592,106],{"class":105},[44,88594,93],{"class":58},[44,88596,472],{"class":62},[44,88598,1826],{"class":54},[44,88600,74],{"class":62},[44,88602,99],{"class":58},[44,88604,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88606,106],{"class":105},[44,88608,93],{"class":58},[44,88610,931],{"class":62},[44,88612,82199],{"class":54},[44,88614,143],{"class":62},[44,88616,99],{"class":58},[20,88618,88619,88620,86],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[184,88621,50349],{"href":50348},[30,88623,88625],{"id":88624},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88627,88628,88630],{},[15,88629,45823],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88632,88633],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,88635,88637],{"className":37,"code":88636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88638,88639,88652,88660,88664,88683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88640,88641,88643,88645,88647,88650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88642,7254],{"class":50},[44,88644,55],{"class":54},[44,88646,290],{"class":278},[44,88648,88649],{"class":282},"Ava",[44,88651,2727],{"class":278},[44,88653,88654,88656,88658],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88655,20995],{"class":50},[44,88657,55],{"class":54},[44,88659,1958],{"class":62},[44,88661,88662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88663,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,88665,88666,88668,88670,88672,88675,88677,88679,88681],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,88667,106],{"class":105},[44,88669,93],{"class":58},[44,88671,279],{"class":278},[44,88673,88674],{"class":282},"Name:",[44,88676,279],{"class":278},[44,88678,66],{"class":58},[44,88680,35360],{"class":89},[44,88682,99],{"class":58},[44,88684,88685,88687,88689,88691,88694,88696,88698,88700],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,88686,106],{"class":105},[44,88688,93],{"class":58},[44,88690,279],{"class":278},[44,88692,88693],{"class":282},"Age:",[44,88695,279],{"class":278},[44,88697,66],{"class":58},[44,88699,8567],{"class":89},[44,88701,99],{"class":58},[20,88703,118],{},[35,88705,88707],{"className":37,"code":88706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88708,88709,88719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88710,88711,88714,88716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88712,88713],{"class":50},"Name",[44,88715,1084],{"class":58},[44,88717,88718],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,88720,88721,88724,88726],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88722,88723],{"class":50},"Age",[44,88725,1084],{"class":58},[44,88727,1958],{"class":62},[20,88729,88730,88731,86],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88732,1430],{},[20,88734,88735],{},"For example, this works:",[35,88737,88739],{"className":37,"code":88738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88740,88741,88749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88742,88743,88745,88747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88744,20995],{"class":50},[44,88746,55],{"class":54},[44,88748,1958],{"class":62},[44,88750,88751,88753,88755,88757,88759,88761,88763,88765],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88752,106],{"class":105},[44,88754,93],{"class":58},[44,88756,279],{"class":278},[44,88758,88693],{"class":282},[44,88760,279],{"class":278},[44,88762,66],{"class":58},[44,88764,8567],{"class":89},[44,88766,99],{"class":58},[20,88768,36294],{},[35,88770,88772],{"className":37,"code":88771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88773,88774,88782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88775,88776,88778,88780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88777,20995],{"class":50},[44,88779,55],{"class":54},[44,88781,1958],{"class":62},[44,88783,88784,88786,88788,88790,88793,88795,88797,88799],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88785,106],{"class":105},[44,88787,93],{"class":58},[44,88789,279],{"class":278},[44,88791,88792],{"class":282},"Age: ",[44,88794,279],{"class":278},[44,88796,1826],{"class":54},[44,88798,8567],{"class":89},[44,88800,99],{"class":58},[20,88802,88803,88804,88807,88808,88810,88811,88813,88814,86],{},"That fails because ",[15,88805,88806],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88809,8677],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88812,1430],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[184,88815,88816],{"href":41544},[15,88817,47055],{},[30,88819,88821],{"id":88820},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88823,88824,88826],{},[15,88825,45823],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[165,88828,88829,88835,88840,88845],{},[168,88830,88831,88834],{},[15,88832,88833],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[168,88836,88837,88839],{},[15,88838,52032],{}," controls what is added after the output",[168,88841,88842,88844],{},[15,88843,86109],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[168,88846,88847,88850],{},[15,88848,88849],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88852,88853,88854,3766,88856,86],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88855,88833],{},[15,88857,52032],{},[30,88859,88861,35983],{"id":88860},"sep-argument",[15,88862,88833],{},[20,88864,1351,88865,88867],{},[15,88866,88833],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88869,88870],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[693,88872,88874],{"id":88873},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,88876,88878],{"className":37,"code":88877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88879,88880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88881,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890,88892,88894,88896,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906,88908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88883,106],{"class":105},[44,88885,93],{"class":58},[44,88887,279],{"class":278},[44,88889,283],{"class":282},[44,88891,279],{"class":278},[44,88893,66],{"class":58},[44,88895,290],{"class":278},[44,88897,313],{"class":282},[44,88899,279],{"class":278},[44,88901,66],{"class":58},[44,88903,290],{"class":278},[44,88905,293],{"class":282},[44,88907,279],{"class":278},[44,88909,99],{"class":58},[20,88911,118],{},[35,88913,88915],{"className":37,"code":88914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,88916,88917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88918,88919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88920,88914],{"class":50},[693,88922,88924],{"id":88923},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,88926,88928],{"className":37,"code":88927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88929,88930,88973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88931,88932,88934,88936,88938,88940,88942,88944,88946,88948,88950,88952,88954,88956,88958,88960,88963,88965,88967,88969,88971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88933,106],{"class":105},[44,88935,93],{"class":58},[44,88937,279],{"class":278},[44,88939,283],{"class":282},[44,88941,279],{"class":278},[44,88943,66],{"class":58},[44,88945,290],{"class":278},[44,88947,313],{"class":282},[44,88949,279],{"class":278},[44,88951,66],{"class":58},[44,88953,290],{"class":278},[44,88955,293],{"class":282},[44,88957,279],{"class":278},[44,88959,66],{"class":58},[44,88961,88962],{"class":8554}," sep",[44,88964,55],{"class":54},[44,88966,279],{"class":278},[44,88968,66],{"class":282},[44,88970,279],{"class":278},[44,88972,99],{"class":58},[44,88974,88975,88977,88979,88981,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009,89012,89014],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,88976,106],{"class":105},[44,88978,93],{"class":58},[44,88980,279],{"class":278},[44,88982,283],{"class":282},[44,88984,279],{"class":278},[44,88986,66],{"class":58},[44,88988,290],{"class":278},[44,88990,313],{"class":282},[44,88992,279],{"class":278},[44,88994,66],{"class":58},[44,88996,290],{"class":278},[44,88998,293],{"class":282},[44,89000,279],{"class":278},[44,89002,66],{"class":58},[44,89004,88962],{"class":8554},[44,89006,55],{"class":54},[44,89008,279],{"class":278},[44,89010,89011],{"class":282}," - ",[44,89013,279],{"class":278},[44,89015,99],{"class":58},[20,89017,118],{},[35,89019,89021],{"className":37,"code":89020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89022,89023,89035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89024,89025,89027,89029,89031,89033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89026,283],{"class":50},[44,89028,66],{"class":58},[44,89030,313],{"class":50},[44,89032,66],{"class":58},[44,89034,69350],{"class":50},[44,89036,89037,89040,89042,89045,89047],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89038,89039],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89041,1393],{"class":54},[44,89043,89044],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89046,1393],{"class":54},[44,89048,35249],{"class":50},[20,89050,89051,89053],{},[15,89052,88833],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89055,89056,89057,86],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[184,89058,89060],{"href":89059},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,89062,89064,35983],{"id":89063},"end-argument",[15,89065,52032],{},[20,89067,89068,89069,89071,89072,89074],{},"By default, ",[15,89070,45823],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89073,45823],{}," starts on a new line.",[693,89076,88874],{"id":89077},"default-behavior-1",[35,89079,89081],{"className":37,"code":89080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89082,89083,89097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89084,89085,89087,89089,89091,89093,89095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89086,106],{"class":105},[44,89088,93],{"class":58},[44,89090,279],{"class":278},[44,89092,34234],{"class":282},[44,89094,279],{"class":278},[44,89096,99],{"class":58},[44,89098,89099,89101,89103,89105,89108,89110],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89100,106],{"class":105},[44,89102,93],{"class":58},[44,89104,279],{"class":278},[44,89106,89107],{"class":282},"World",[44,89109,279],{"class":278},[44,89111,99],{"class":58},[20,89113,118],{},[35,89115,89117],{"className":37,"code":89116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89118,89119,89123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89120,89121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89122,88316],{"class":50},[44,89124,89125],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89126,89127],{"class":50},"World\n",[693,89129,89131],{"id":89130},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,89133,89135],{"className":37,"code":89134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89136,89137,89159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89138,89139,89141,89143,89145,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89140,106],{"class":105},[44,89142,93],{"class":58},[44,89144,279],{"class":278},[44,89146,34234],{"class":282},[44,89148,279],{"class":278},[44,89150,66],{"class":58},[44,89152,64409],{"class":8554},[44,89154,55],{"class":54},[44,89156,5649],{"class":278},[44,89158,99],{"class":58},[44,89160,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89162,106],{"class":105},[44,89164,93],{"class":58},[44,89166,279],{"class":278},[44,89168,89107],{"class":282},[44,89170,279],{"class":278},[44,89172,99],{"class":58},[20,89174,118],{},[35,89176,89178],{"className":37,"code":89177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89179,89180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89181,89182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89183,89177],{"class":50},[693,89185,89187],{"id":89186},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,89189,89191],{"className":37,"code":89190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89192,89193,89222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89194,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89213,89216,89218,89220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89196,106],{"class":105},[44,89198,93],{"class":58},[44,89200,279],{"class":278},[44,89202,34234],{"class":282},[44,89204,279],{"class":278},[44,89206,66],{"class":58},[44,89208,64409],{"class":8554},[44,89210,55],{"class":54},[44,89212,279],{"class":278},[44,89214,89215],{"class":282},"!",[44,89217,86520],{"class":33819},[44,89219,279],{"class":278},[44,89221,99],{"class":58},[44,89223,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89225,106],{"class":105},[44,89227,93],{"class":58},[44,89229,279],{"class":278},[44,89231,89107],{"class":282},[44,89233,279],{"class":278},[44,89235,99],{"class":58},[20,89237,118],{},[35,89239,89241],{"className":37,"code":89240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89242,89243,89248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89244,89245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89246,89247],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,89249,89250],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89251,89127],{"class":50},[20,89253,1351,89254,89256],{},[15,89255,52032],{}," argument is useful for:",[165,89258,89259,89262,89265],{},[168,89260,89261],{},"progress messages",[168,89263,89264],{},"inline output",[168,89266,89267],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,89269,89271,727,89273],{"id":89270},"print-returns-none",[15,89272,45823],{},[15,89274,730],{},[20,89276,89277,89278,89280],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89279,45823],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89282,894],{},[35,89284,89286],{"className":37,"code":89285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89287,89288,89308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89289,89290,89292,89294,89297,89299,89301,89304,89306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89291,1602],{"class":50},[44,89293,55],{"class":54},[44,89295,89296],{"class":105}," print",[44,89298,93],{"class":58},[44,89300,279],{"class":278},[44,89302,89303],{"class":282},"Hi",[44,89305,279],{"class":278},[44,89307,99],{"class":58},[44,89309,89310,89312,89314,89316],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89311,106],{"class":105},[44,89313,93],{"class":58},[44,89315,1637],{"class":89},[44,89317,99],{"class":58},[20,89319,118],{},[35,89321,89323],{"className":37,"code":89322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89324,89325,89330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89326,89327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89328,89329],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,89331,89332],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89333,864],{"class":871},[20,89335,89336],{},"Why does this happen?",[165,89338,89339,89347,89352],{},[168,89340,89341,89344,89345],{},[15,89342,89343],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89346,89303],{},[168,89348,89349,89350],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89351,730],{},[168,89353,89354,89355,11292,89357],{},"so ",[15,89356,1637],{},[15,89358,730],{},[20,89360,89361,89362,89364],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89363,45823],{}," call.",[35,89366,89368],{"className":37,"code":89367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89369,89370,89383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89371,89372,89375,89377,89379,89381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89373,89374],{"class":50},"message ",[44,89376,55],{"class":54},[44,89378,290],{"class":278},[44,89380,89303],{"class":282},[44,89382,2727],{"class":278},[44,89384,89385,89387,89389,89392],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89386,106],{"class":105},[44,89388,93],{"class":58},[44,89390,89391],{"class":89},"message",[44,89393,99],{"class":58},[20,89395,89396,89397,89399,89400,89404],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89398,45823],{}," with functions like ",[184,89401,89402],{"href":7597},[15,89403,2328],{},", which do return a value.",[30,89406,89408,89409],{"id":89407},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89410,45823],{},[20,89412,89413,89414,89416],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89415,45823],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[165,89418,89419,89422,89425,89428],{},[168,89420,89421],{},"to display results to the user",[168,89423,89424],{},"to show messages in a script",[168,89426,89427],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[168,89429,89430],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89432,894],{},[35,89434,89436],{"className":37,"code":89435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89437,89438,89446,89450,89470,89481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89439,89440,89442,89444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89441,40551],{"class":50},[44,89443,55],{"class":54},[44,89445,37881],{"class":62},[44,89447,89448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89449,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,89451,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89453,5334],{"class":3246},[44,89455,5763],{"class":50},[44,89457,3253],{"class":3246},[44,89459,53441],{"class":105},[44,89461,93],{"class":58},[44,89463,63],{"class":62},[44,89465,66],{"class":58},[44,89467,143],{"class":62},[44,89469,7720],{"class":58},[44,89471,89472,89475,89478],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,89473,89474],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,89476,89477],{"class":54},"+=",[44,89479,89480],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,89482,89483,89485,89487,89489,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,89484,7447],{"class":105},[44,89486,93],{"class":58},[44,89488,279],{"class":278},[44,89490,89491],{"class":282},"Current number:",[44,89493,279],{"class":278},[44,89495,66],{"class":58},[44,89497,1569],{"class":89},[44,89499,66],{"class":58},[44,89501,290],{"class":278},[44,89503,44934],{"class":282},[44,89505,279],{"class":278},[44,89507,66],{"class":58},[44,89509,44941],{"class":89},[44,89511,99],{"class":58},[20,89513,118],{},[35,89515,89517],{"className":37,"code":89516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89518,89519,89535,89549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89520,89521,89524,89526,89528,89531,89533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89522,89523],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,89525,1084],{"class":58},[44,89527,4874],{"class":62},[44,89529,89530],{"class":50}," Total",[44,89532,1084],{"class":58},[44,89534,28983],{"class":62},[44,89536,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89538,89523],{"class":50},[44,89540,1084],{"class":58},[44,89542,69],{"class":62},[44,89544,89530],{"class":50},[44,89546,1084],{"class":58},[44,89548,1948],{"class":62},[44,89550,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89552,89523],{"class":50},[44,89554,1084],{"class":58},[44,89556,74],{"class":62},[44,89558,89530],{"class":50},[44,89560,1084],{"class":58},[44,89562,89563],{"class":62}," 6\n",[20,89565,89566,89567,86],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[184,89568,89570],{"href":89569},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,89572,1113],{"id":1112},[20,89574,89575,89576,86],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89577,45823],{},[693,89579,89581],{"id":89580},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89583,89584],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,89586,89588],{"className":37,"code":89587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89589,89590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89591,89592,89594,89596,89598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89593,106],{"class":105},[44,89595,93],{"class":58},[44,89597,34234],{"class":89},[44,89599,99],{"class":58},[20,89601,8253,89602,89604],{},[15,89603,34234],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89606,10183],{},[35,89608,89610],{"className":37,"code":89609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89611,89612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89613,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89615,106],{"class":105},[44,89617,93],{"class":58},[44,89619,279],{"class":278},[44,89621,34234],{"class":282},[44,89623,279],{"class":278},[44,89625,99],{"class":58},[693,89627,1123,89629,89631],{"id":89628},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89630,106],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89633,89634],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,89636,89638],{"className":37,"code":89637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89639,89640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89641,89642,89644,89646,89648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89643,106],{"class":105},[44,89645,290],{"class":278},[44,89647,34234],{"class":282},[44,89649,2727],{"class":278},[20,89651,10183],{},[35,89653,89654],{"className":37,"code":89609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89655,89656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89657,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666,89668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89659,106],{"class":105},[44,89661,93],{"class":58},[44,89663,279],{"class":278},[44,89665,34234],{"class":282},[44,89667,279],{"class":278},[44,89669,99],{"class":58},[693,89671,89673,89674],{"id":89672},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89675,1430],{},[20,89677,89678,89679,86],{},"This causes a ",[15,89680,1081],{},[35,89682,89683],{"className":37,"code":88771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89684,89685,89693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89686,89687,89689,89691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89688,20995],{"class":50},[44,89690,55],{"class":54},[44,89692,1958],{"class":62},[44,89694,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89696,106],{"class":105},[44,89698,93],{"class":58},[44,89700,279],{"class":278},[44,89702,88792],{"class":282},[44,89704,279],{"class":278},[44,89706,1826],{"class":54},[44,89708,8567],{"class":89},[44,89710,99],{"class":58},[20,89712,89713],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,89715,89717],{"className":37,"code":89716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89718,89719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89720,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89722,106],{"class":105},[44,89724,93],{"class":58},[44,89726,279],{"class":278},[44,89728,88693],{"class":282},[44,89730,279],{"class":278},[44,89732,66],{"class":58},[44,89734,8567],{"class":89},[44,89736,99],{"class":58},[20,89738,89739],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,89741,89743],{"className":37,"code":89742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89744,89745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89746,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89748,106],{"class":105},[44,89750,93],{"class":58},[44,89752,279],{"class":278},[44,89754,88792],{"class":282},[44,89756,279],{"class":278},[44,89758,1826],{"class":54},[44,89760,48276],{"class":909},[44,89762,93],{"class":58},[44,89764,8677],{"class":89},[44,89766,973],{"class":58},[20,89768,89769,89770,86],{},"If you see this error, read ",[184,89771,89773],{"href":89772},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[693,89775,1129,89777,89779],{"id":89776},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89778,45823],{}," to return a value",[20,89781,89782,89783,34697,89786,1084],{},"This does not store ",[15,89784,89785],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89787,1637],{},[35,89789,89791],{"className":37,"code":89790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89792,89793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89794,89795,89797,89799,89801,89803,89805,89807,89809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89796,1602],{"class":50},[44,89798,55],{"class":54},[44,89800,89296],{"class":105},[44,89802,93],{"class":58},[44,89804,279],{"class":278},[44,89806,34234],{"class":282},[44,89808,279],{"class":278},[44,89810,99],{"class":58},[20,89812,89813,89814,86],{},"It stores ",[15,89815,730],{},[693,89817,89819,89820,3766,89822],{"id":89818},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89821,88833],{},[15,89823,52032],{},[20,89825,85179],{},[165,89827,89828,89837],{},[168,89829,89830,89832,89833,89836],{},[15,89831,88833],{}," changes what goes ",[116,89834,89835],{},"between"," multiple values",[168,89838,89839,89841,89842,89845],{},[15,89840,52032],{}," changes what appears ",[116,89843,89844],{},"after"," the output",[30,89847,89849],{"id":89848},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89851,89852,89853,89855],{},"These simple ",[15,89854,45823],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,89857,89859],{"className":37,"code":89858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89860,89861,89881,89896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89862,89863,89865,89867,89869,89872,89874,89876,89879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89864,106],{"class":105},[44,89866,93],{"class":58},[44,89868,279],{"class":278},[44,89870,89871],{"class":282},"Debug:",[44,89873,279],{"class":278},[44,89875,66],{"class":58},[44,89877,89878],{"class":89}," variable_name",[44,89880,99],{"class":58},[44,89882,89883,89885,89887,89889,89891,89894],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,89884,106],{"class":105},[44,89886,93],{"class":58},[44,89888,1090],{"class":909},[44,89890,93],{"class":58},[44,89892,89893],{"class":89},"variable_name",[44,89895,973],{"class":58},[44,89897,89898,89900,89902,89904],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89899,1209],{"class":105},[44,89901,93],{"class":58},[44,89903,106],{"class":105},[44,89905,99],{"class":58},[20,89907,89908],{},"What they do:",[165,89910,89911,89917,89923],{},[168,89912,89913,89916],{},[15,89914,89915],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[168,89918,89919,89922],{},[15,89920,89921],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[168,89924,89925,89928,89929],{},[15,89926,89927],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89930,45823],{},[30,89932,1235],{"id":1234},[693,89934,1239,89936,89938],{"id":89935},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,89937,45823],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,89940,89941,89942,89944,89945,35989],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,89943,45823],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,89946,52032],{},[693,89948,4544,89950,89952],{"id":89949},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,89951,45823],{}," show more than one value?",[20,89954,89955,89956,89958],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,89957,45823],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[693,89960,4532,89962,4535,89965,1863],{"id":89961},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,89963,89964],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,89966,730],{},[20,89968,28429,89969,89971],{},[15,89970,45823],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[693,89973,89975],{"id":89974},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,89977,89978],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,89980,89982],{"className":37,"code":89981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,89983,89984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89985,89986,89988,89990,89992,89994,89996,89998,90000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89987,106],{"class":105},[44,89989,93],{"class":58},[44,89991,279],{"class":278},[44,89993,88693],{"class":282},[44,89995,279],{"class":278},[44,89997,66],{"class":58},[44,89999,5381],{"class":62},[44,90001,99],{"class":58},[20,90003,90004,90005,39298],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90006,47055],{},[693,90008,4554,90010,3766,90012,1863],{"id":90009},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90011,88833],{},[15,90013,52032],{},[165,90015,90016,90021],{},[168,90017,90018,90020],{},[15,90019,88833],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[168,90022,90023,90025],{},[15,90024,52032],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,90027,1279],{"id":1278},[165,90029,90030,90034,90040,90046,90051,90056],{},[168,90031,90032],{},[184,90033,50349],{"href":50348},[168,90035,90036],{},[184,90037,2945,90038,2878],{"href":7597},[15,90039,2328],{},[168,90041,90042],{},[184,90043,2945,90044,2878],{"href":41544},[15,90045,47055],{},[168,90047,90048],{},[184,90049,90050],{"href":89059},"How to format strings in Python",[168,90052,90053],{},[184,90054,90055],{"href":89569},"How to debug Python code",[168,90057,90058],{},[184,90059,89773],{"href":89772},[1304,90061,90062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":90064},[90065,90066,90068,90069,90075,90076,90077,90082,90088,90090,90092,90103,90104,90115],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":88237,"depth":80,"text":90067},"What print() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":88473,"depth":80,"text":88474,"children":90070},[90071,90072,90073,90074],{"id":88482,"depth":102,"text":88483},{"id":88523,"depth":102,"text":88524},{"id":88555,"depth":102,"text":88556},{"id":88582,"depth":102,"text":88583},{"id":88624,"depth":80,"text":88625},{"id":88820,"depth":80,"text":88821},{"id":88860,"depth":80,"text":90078,"children":90079},"sep argument",[90080,90081],{"id":88873,"depth":102,"text":88874},{"id":88923,"depth":102,"text":88924},{"id":89063,"depth":80,"text":90083,"children":90084},"end argument",[90085,90086,90087],{"id":89077,"depth":102,"text":88874},{"id":89130,"depth":102,"text":89131},{"id":89186,"depth":102,"text":89187},{"id":89270,"depth":80,"text":90089},"print() returns None",{"id":89407,"depth":80,"text":90091},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":90093},[90094,90095,90097,90099,90101],{"id":89580,"depth":102,"text":89581},{"id":89628,"depth":102,"text":90096},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89672,"depth":102,"text":90098},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89776,"depth":102,"text":90100},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89818,"depth":102,"text":90102},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89848,"depth":80,"text":89849},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":90105},[90106,90108,90110,90112,90113],{"id":89935,"depth":102,"text":90107},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89949,"depth":102,"text":90109},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89961,"depth":102,"text":90111},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":89974,"depth":102,"text":89975},{"id":90009,"depth":102,"text":90114},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88120,"description":90116},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90123,"title":90124,"body":90125,"description":92429,"extension":1334,"meta":92430,"navigation":322,"path":92431,"seo":92432,"stem":92433,"__hash__":92434},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90126,"toc":92375},[90127,90132,90137,90150,90152,90217,90228,90233,90238,90240,90263,90266,90297,90299,90316,90321,90327,90332,90381,90384,90401,90407,90412,90435,90437,90465,90471,90479,90506,90508,90533,90539,90542,90573,90575,90604,90608,90611,90616,90638,90640,90668,90674,90680,90706,90708,90732,90738,90744,90774,90776,90804,90814,90818,90824,90857,90859,90888,90891,90894,90927,90929,90937,90943,90945,90968,90973,90982,90987,91001,91003,91043,91045,91075,91079,91114,91120,91124,91168,91170,91200,91206,91209,91288,91290,91312,91320,91323,91386,91394,91469,91475,91482,91487,91492,91515,91517,91538,91540,91553,91555,91602,91604,91643,91652,91654,91658,91662,91665,91692,91695,91724,91727,91751,91754,91762,91768,91790,91792,91820,91824,91829,91884,91889,91891,91948,91955,91964,91967,91999,92001,92009,92012,92018,92020,92043,92046,92052,92055,92074,92076,92095,92098,92120,92122,92150,92154,92158,92263,92265,92278,92280,92286,92289,92297,92302,92308,92314,92319,92327,92333,92340,92342,92372],[10,90128,2945,90130,2949],{"id":90129},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90131,35565],{},[20,90133,31682,90134,90136],{},[15,90135,35565],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90138,90139,90140,90142,90143,90145,90146,90149],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90141,5334],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90144,35565],{}," stops ",[116,90147,90148],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,90151,33],{"id":32},[35,90153,90155],{"className":37,"code":90154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90156,90157,90173,90183,90187,90192,90197,90202,90207,90212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90158,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167,90169,90171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90160,5334],{"class":3246},[44,90162,68917],{"class":50},[44,90164,3253],{"class":3246},[44,90166,53441],{"class":105},[44,90168,93],{"class":58},[44,90170,1508],{"class":62},[44,90172,7720],{"class":58},[44,90174,90175,90177,90179,90181],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,90176,7447],{"class":105},[44,90178,93],{"class":58},[44,90180,35521],{"class":89},[44,90182,99],{"class":58},[44,90184,90185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90186,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,90188,90189],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,90190,90191],{"class":3034},"# Output:\n",[44,90193,90194],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,90195,90196],{"class":3034},"# 0\n",[44,90198,90199],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,90200,90201],{"class":3034},"# 1\n",[44,90203,90204],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,90205,90206],{"class":3034},"# 2\n",[44,90208,90209],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,90210,90211],{"class":3034},"# 3\n",[44,90213,90214],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,90215,90216],{"class":3034},"# 4\n",[20,90218,90219,90222,90223,90225,90226,86],{},[15,90220,90221],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90224,1491],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90227,1508],{},[30,90229,155,90231,158],{"id":90230},"what-range-does",[15,90232,35565],{},[20,90234,90235,90237],{},[15,90236,35565],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90239,12425],{},[165,90241,90242,90247,90253,90258],{},[168,90243,90244,90246],{},[15,90245,35565],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[168,90248,90249,90250,90252],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90251,5334],{}," loops",[168,90254,90255,90256],{},"The stop value is ",[116,90257,64438],{},[168,90259,16789,90260,90262],{},[15,90261,59368],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90264,90265],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,90267,90269],{"className":37,"code":90268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90270,90271,90287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90272,90273,90275,90277,90279,90281,90283,90285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90274,5334],{"class":3246},[44,90276,5763],{"class":50},[44,90278,3253],{"class":3246},[44,90280,53441],{"class":105},[44,90282,93],{"class":58},[44,90284,1433],{"class":62},[44,90286,7720],{"class":58},[44,90288,90289,90291,90293,90295],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,90290,7447],{"class":105},[44,90292,93],{"class":58},[44,90294,1612],{"class":89},[44,90296,99],{"class":58},[20,90298,118],{},[35,90300,90302],{"className":37,"code":90301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90303,90304,90308,90312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90305,90306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90307,46623],{"class":62},[44,90309,90310],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,90311,46288],{"class":62},[44,90313,90314],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90315,16425],{"class":62},[20,90317,90318,90319,86],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[184,90320,35397],{"href":35396},[30,90322,90324,90326],{"id":90323},"range-syntax",[15,90325,35565],{}," syntax",[20,90328,90329,90331],{},[15,90330,35565],{}," has three common forms:",[35,90333,90335],{"className":37,"code":90334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90336,90337,90347,90362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90338,90339,90341,90343,90345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90340,59368],{"class":105},[44,90342,93],{"class":58},[44,90344,74794],{"class":89},[44,90346,99],{"class":58},[44,90348,90349,90351,90353,90355,90357,90360],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,90350,59368],{"class":105},[44,90352,93],{"class":58},[44,90354,35441],{"class":89},[44,90356,66],{"class":58},[44,90358,90359],{"class":89}," stop",[44,90361,99],{"class":58},[44,90363,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374,90376,90379],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90365,59368],{"class":105},[44,90367,93],{"class":58},[44,90369,35441],{"class":89},[44,90371,66],{"class":58},[44,90373,90359],{"class":89},[44,90375,66],{"class":58},[44,90377,90378],{"class":89}," step",[44,90380,99],{"class":58},[20,90382,90383],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[165,90385,90386,90391,90396],{},[168,90387,90388,90390],{},[15,90389,35441],{}," = first number",[168,90392,90393,90395],{},[15,90394,74794],{}," = end limit, not included",[168,90397,90398,90400],{},[15,90399,74797],{}," = amount to move each time",[693,90402,90404],{"id":90403},"rangestop",[15,90405,90406],{},"range(stop)",[20,90408,90409,90410,86],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90411,1491],{},[35,90413,90415],{"className":37,"code":90414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90416,90417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90418,90419,90421,90423,90425,90427,90429,90431,90433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90420,106],{"class":105},[44,90422,93],{"class":58},[44,90424,1097],{"class":909},[44,90426,93],{"class":58},[44,90428,59368],{"class":105},[44,90430,93],{"class":58},[44,90432,1508],{"class":62},[44,90434,2282],{"class":58},[20,90436,118],{},[35,90438,90439],{"className":37,"code":59391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90440,90441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90442,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455,90457,90459,90461,90463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90444,3270],{"class":58},[44,90446,1491],{"class":62},[44,90448,66],{"class":58},[44,90450,4874],{"class":62},[44,90452,66],{"class":58},[44,90454,69],{"class":62},[44,90456,66],{"class":58},[44,90458,74],{"class":62},[44,90460,66],{"class":58},[44,90462,143],{"class":62},[44,90464,3005],{"class":58},[693,90466,90468],{"id":90467},"rangestart-stop",[15,90469,90470],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90472,90473,90474,90476,90477,86],{},"This starts at ",[15,90475,35441],{}," and stops before ",[15,90478,74794],{},[35,90480,90482],{"className":37,"code":90481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90483,90484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90485,90486,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496,90498,90500,90502,90504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90487,106],{"class":105},[44,90489,93],{"class":58},[44,90491,1097],{"class":909},[44,90493,93],{"class":58},[44,90495,59368],{"class":105},[44,90497,93],{"class":58},[44,90499,472],{"class":62},[44,90501,66],{"class":58},[44,90503,37011],{"class":62},[44,90505,2282],{"class":58},[20,90507,118],{},[35,90509,90511],{"className":37,"code":90510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90512,90513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90514,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529,90531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90516,3270],{"class":58},[44,90518,472],{"class":62},[44,90520,66],{"class":58},[44,90522,74],{"class":62},[44,90524,66],{"class":58},[44,90526,143],{"class":62},[44,90528,66],{"class":58},[44,90530,1064],{"class":62},[44,90532,3005],{"class":58},[693,90534,90536],{"id":90535},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90537,90538],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90540,90541],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,90543,90545],{"className":37,"code":90544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90546,90547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90548,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557,90559,90561,90563,90565,90567,90569,90571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90550,106],{"class":105},[44,90552,93],{"class":58},[44,90554,1097],{"class":909},[44,90556,93],{"class":58},[44,90558,59368],{"class":105},[44,90560,93],{"class":58},[44,90562,63],{"class":62},[44,90564,66],{"class":58},[44,90566,5381],{"class":62},[44,90568,66],{"class":58},[44,90570,69],{"class":62},[44,90572,2282],{"class":58},[20,90574,118],{},[35,90576,90578],{"className":37,"code":90577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90579,90580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90581,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590,90592,90594,90596,90598,90600,90602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90583,3270],{"class":58},[44,90585,63],{"class":62},[44,90587,66],{"class":58},[44,90589,74],{"class":62},[44,90591,66],{"class":58},[44,90593,1064],{"class":62},[44,90595,66],{"class":58},[44,90597,5370],{"class":62},[44,90599,66],{"class":58},[44,90601,53507],{"class":62},[44,90603,3005],{"class":58},[30,90605,90607],{"id":90606},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90609,90610],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[693,90612,90614],{"id":90613},"range5",[15,90615,90221],{},[35,90617,90618],{"className":37,"code":90414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90619,90620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90621,90622,90624,90626,90628,90630,90632,90634,90636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90623,106],{"class":105},[44,90625,93],{"class":58},[44,90627,1097],{"class":909},[44,90629,93],{"class":58},[44,90631,59368],{"class":105},[44,90633,93],{"class":58},[44,90635,1508],{"class":62},[44,90637,2282],{"class":58},[20,90639,118],{},[35,90641,90642],{"className":37,"code":59391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90643,90644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90645,90646,90648,90650,90652,90654,90656,90658,90660,90662,90664,90666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90647,3270],{"class":58},[44,90649,1491],{"class":62},[44,90651,66],{"class":58},[44,90653,4874],{"class":62},[44,90655,66],{"class":58},[44,90657,69],{"class":62},[44,90659,66],{"class":58},[44,90661,74],{"class":62},[44,90663,66],{"class":58},[44,90665,143],{"class":62},[44,90667,3005],{"class":58},[20,90669,90473,90670,90476,90672,86],{},[15,90671,1491],{},[15,90673,1508],{},[693,90675,90677],{"id":90676},"range2-6",[15,90678,90679],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,90681,90682],{"className":37,"code":90481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90683,90684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90685,90686,90688,90690,90692,90694,90696,90698,90700,90702,90704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90687,106],{"class":105},[44,90689,93],{"class":58},[44,90691,1097],{"class":909},[44,90693,93],{"class":58},[44,90695,59368],{"class":105},[44,90697,93],{"class":58},[44,90699,472],{"class":62},[44,90701,66],{"class":58},[44,90703,37011],{"class":62},[44,90705,2282],{"class":58},[20,90707,118],{},[35,90709,90710],{"className":37,"code":90510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90711,90712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90713,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90715,3270],{"class":58},[44,90717,472],{"class":62},[44,90719,66],{"class":58},[44,90721,74],{"class":62},[44,90723,66],{"class":58},[44,90725,143],{"class":62},[44,90727,66],{"class":58},[44,90729,1064],{"class":62},[44,90731,3005],{"class":58},[20,90733,90473,90734,90476,90736,86],{},[15,90735,472],{},[15,90737,79962],{},[693,90739,90741],{"id":90740},"range1-10-2",[15,90742,90743],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,90745,90746],{"className":37,"code":90544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90747,90748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90749,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764,90766,90768,90770,90772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90751,106],{"class":105},[44,90753,93],{"class":58},[44,90755,1097],{"class":909},[44,90757,93],{"class":58},[44,90759,59368],{"class":105},[44,90761,93],{"class":58},[44,90763,63],{"class":62},[44,90765,66],{"class":58},[44,90767,5381],{"class":62},[44,90769,66],{"class":58},[44,90771,69],{"class":62},[44,90773,2282],{"class":58},[20,90775,118],{},[35,90777,90778],{"className":37,"code":90577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90779,90780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90781,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794,90796,90798,90800,90802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90783,3270],{"class":58},[44,90785,63],{"class":62},[44,90787,66],{"class":58},[44,90789,74],{"class":62},[44,90791,66],{"class":58},[44,90793,1064],{"class":62},[44,90795,66],{"class":58},[44,90797,5370],{"class":62},[44,90799,66],{"class":58},[44,90801,53507],{"class":62},[44,90803,3005],{"class":58},[20,90805,90806,90807,90809,90810,60670,90812,86],{},"This moves by ",[15,90808,472],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90811,63],{},[15,90813,1516],{},[693,90815,90817],{"id":90816},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90819,90820,90821,90823],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90822,35565],{}," count backward.",[35,90825,90827],{"className":37,"code":90826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90828,90829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90830,90831,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90832,106],{"class":105},[44,90834,93],{"class":58},[44,90836,1097],{"class":909},[44,90838,93],{"class":58},[44,90840,59368],{"class":105},[44,90842,93],{"class":58},[44,90844,1508],{"class":62},[44,90846,66],{"class":58},[44,90848,3204],{"class":62},[44,90850,66],{"class":58},[44,90852,1594],{"class":54},[44,90854,63],{"class":62},[44,90856,2282],{"class":58},[20,90858,118],{},[35,90860,90862],{"className":37,"code":90861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90863,90864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90865,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878,90880,90882,90884,90886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90867,3270],{"class":58},[44,90869,1508],{"class":62},[44,90871,66],{"class":58},[44,90873,143],{"class":62},[44,90875,66],{"class":58},[44,90877,74],{"class":62},[44,90879,66],{"class":58},[44,90881,69],{"class":62},[44,90883,66],{"class":58},[44,90885,4874],{"class":62},[44,90887,3005],{"class":58},[20,90889,90890],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90892,90893],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,90895,90897],{"className":37,"code":90896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90898,90899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90900,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90902,106],{"class":105},[44,90904,93],{"class":58},[44,90906,1097],{"class":909},[44,90908,93],{"class":58},[44,90910,59368],{"class":105},[44,90912,93],{"class":58},[44,90914,63],{"class":62},[44,90916,66],{"class":58},[44,90918,1064],{"class":62},[44,90920,66],{"class":58},[44,90922,1594],{"class":54},[44,90924,63],{"class":62},[44,90926,2282],{"class":58},[20,90928,118],{},[35,90930,90931],{"className":37,"code":37665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90932,90933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90934,90935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90936,37665],{"class":58},[693,90938,90939,75957,90941],{"id":76181},[15,90940,74797],{},[15,90942,1491],{},[20,90944,2207],{},[35,90946,90948],{"className":37,"code":90947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,90949,90950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90951,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90953,59368],{"class":105},[44,90955,93],{"class":58},[44,90957,63],{"class":62},[44,90959,66],{"class":58},[44,90961,1064],{"class":62},[44,90963,66],{"class":58},[44,90965,3204],{"class":62},[44,90967,99],{"class":58},[20,90969,76226,90970,90972],{},[15,90971,40072],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,90974,1123,90976,90978,90979,90981],{"id":90975},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,90977,35565],{}," in a ",[15,90980,5334],{}," loop",[20,90983,90984,90986],{},[15,90985,35565],{}," is most useful when:",[165,90988,90989,90992,90995],{},[168,90990,90991],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[168,90993,90994],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[168,90996,90997,90998],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,90999,91000],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91002,894],{},[35,91004,91006],{"className":37,"code":91005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91007,91008,91024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91009,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91011,5334],{"class":3246},[44,91013,68917],{"class":50},[44,91015,3253],{"class":3246},[44,91017,53441],{"class":105},[44,91019,93],{"class":58},[44,91021,1433],{"class":62},[44,91023,7720],{"class":58},[44,91025,91026,91028,91030,91032,91035,91037,91039,91041],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91027,7447],{"class":105},[44,91029,93],{"class":58},[44,91031,279],{"class":278},[44,91033,91034],{"class":282},"Loop number:",[44,91036,279],{"class":278},[44,91038,66],{"class":58},[44,91040,35497],{"class":89},[44,91042,99],{"class":58},[20,91044,118],{},[35,91046,91048],{"className":37,"code":91047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91049,91050,91059,91067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91051,91052,91055,91057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91053,91054],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91056,1084],{"class":58},[44,91058,37881],{"class":62},[44,91060,91061,91063,91065],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91062,91054],{"class":50},[44,91064,1084],{"class":58},[44,91066,28983],{"class":62},[44,91068,91069,91071,91073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91070,91054],{"class":50},[44,91072,1084],{"class":58},[44,91074,44960],{"class":62},[693,91076,91078],{"id":91077},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91080,91082],{"className":37,"code":91081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91083,91084,91100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91085,91086,91088,91090,91092,91094,91096,91098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91087,5334],{"class":3246},[44,91089,68917],{"class":50},[44,91091,3253],{"class":3246},[44,91093,53441],{"class":105},[44,91095,93],{"class":58},[44,91097,1508],{"class":62},[44,91099,7720],{"class":58},[44,91101,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91103,7447],{"class":105},[44,91105,93],{"class":58},[44,91107,279],{"class":278},[44,91109,34234],{"class":282},[44,91111,279],{"class":278},[44,91113,99],{"class":58},[20,91115,91116,91117,91119],{},"This prints ",[15,91118,89785],{}," five times.",[693,91121,91123],{"id":91122},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,91125,91127],{"className":37,"code":91126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91128,91129,91149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91130,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91132,5334],{"class":3246},[44,91134,68917],{"class":50},[44,91136,3253],{"class":3246},[44,91138,53441],{"class":105},[44,91140,93],{"class":58},[44,91142,63],{"class":62},[44,91144,66],{"class":58},[44,91146,143],{"class":62},[44,91148,7720],{"class":58},[44,91150,91151,91153,91155,91157,91160,91162,91164,91166],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91152,7447],{"class":105},[44,91154,93],{"class":58},[44,91156,279],{"class":278},[44,91158,91159],{"class":282},"Current number is",[44,91161,279],{"class":278},[44,91163,66],{"class":58},[44,91165,35497],{"class":89},[44,91167,99],{"class":58},[20,91169,118],{},[35,91171,91173],{"className":37,"code":91172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91174,91175,91184,91192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91176,91177,91180,91182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91178,91179],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,91181,11566],{"class":54},[44,91183,28983],{"class":62},[44,91185,91186,91188,91190],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91187,91179],{"class":50},[44,91189,11566],{"class":54},[44,91191,44960],{"class":62},[44,91193,91194,91196,91198],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91195,91179],{"class":50},[44,91197,11566],{"class":54},[44,91199,1948],{"class":62},[693,91201,91203,91205],{"id":91202},"range-and-indexing",[15,91204,35565],{}," and indexing",[20,91207,91208],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,91210,91212],{"className":37,"code":91211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91213,91214,91246,91250,91270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91215,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91217,904],{"class":50},[44,91219,55],{"class":54},[44,91221,2992],{"class":58},[44,91223,279],{"class":278},[44,91225,184],{"class":282},[44,91227,279],{"class":278},[44,91229,66],{"class":58},[44,91231,290],{"class":278},[44,91233,563],{"class":282},[44,91235,279],{"class":278},[44,91237,66],{"class":58},[44,91239,290],{"class":278},[44,91241,583],{"class":282},[44,91243,279],{"class":278},[44,91245,3005],{"class":58},[44,91247,91248],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91249,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,91251,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264,91266,91268],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91253,5334],{"class":3246},[44,91255,68917],{"class":50},[44,91257,3253],{"class":3246},[44,91259,53441],{"class":105},[44,91261,93],{"class":58},[44,91263,10537],{"class":105},[44,91265,93],{"class":58},[44,91267,922],{"class":89},[44,91269,68932],{"class":58},[44,91271,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,91273,7447],{"class":105},[44,91275,93],{"class":58},[44,91277,35521],{"class":89},[44,91279,66],{"class":58},[44,91281,5342],{"class":89},[44,91283,3270],{"class":58},[44,91285,35521],{"class":89},[44,91287,677],{"class":58},[20,91289,118],{},[35,91291,91292],{"className":37,"code":35533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91293,91294,91300,91306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91295,91296,91298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91297,1491],{"class":62},[44,91299,35542],{"class":50},[44,91301,91302,91304],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91303,63],{"class":62},[44,91305,35549],{"class":50},[44,91307,91308,91310],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91309,472],{"class":62},[44,91311,35556],{"class":50},[20,91313,91314,91315,91319],{},"This works, and it uses ",[184,91316,91317],{"href":41727},[15,91318,41730],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91321,91322],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,91324,91326],{"className":37,"code":91325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91327,91328,91360,91364,91376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91329,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91331,904],{"class":50},[44,91333,55],{"class":54},[44,91335,2992],{"class":58},[44,91337,279],{"class":278},[44,91339,184],{"class":282},[44,91341,279],{"class":278},[44,91343,66],{"class":58},[44,91345,290],{"class":278},[44,91347,563],{"class":282},[44,91349,279],{"class":278},[44,91351,66],{"class":58},[44,91353,290],{"class":278},[44,91355,583],{"class":282},[44,91357,279],{"class":278},[44,91359,3005],{"class":58},[44,91361,91362],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91363,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,91365,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91367,5334],{"class":3246},[44,91369,5337],{"class":50},[44,91371,3253],{"class":3246},[44,91373,5342],{"class":50},[44,91375,5770],{"class":58},[44,91377,91378,91380,91382,91384],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,91379,7447],{"class":105},[44,91381,93],{"class":58},[44,91383,215],{"class":89},[44,91385,99],{"class":58},[20,91387,35960,91388,91393],{},[184,91389,91391],{"href":91390},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91392,35117],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,91395,91397],{"className":37,"code":91396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91398,91399,91431,91435,91455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91400,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91402,904],{"class":50},[44,91404,55],{"class":54},[44,91406,2992],{"class":58},[44,91408,279],{"class":278},[44,91410,184],{"class":282},[44,91412,279],{"class":278},[44,91414,66],{"class":58},[44,91416,290],{"class":278},[44,91418,563],{"class":282},[44,91420,279],{"class":278},[44,91422,66],{"class":58},[44,91424,290],{"class":278},[44,91426,583],{"class":282},[44,91428,279],{"class":278},[44,91430,3005],{"class":58},[44,91432,91433],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91434,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,91436,91437,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447,91449,91451,91453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91438,5334],{"class":3246},[44,91440,35189],{"class":50},[44,91442,66],{"class":58},[44,91444,5337],{"class":50},[44,91446,3253],{"class":3246},[44,91448,35199],{"class":105},[44,91450,93],{"class":58},[44,91452,922],{"class":89},[44,91454,7720],{"class":58},[44,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,91458,7447],{"class":105},[44,91460,93],{"class":58},[44,91462,35214],{"class":89},[44,91464,66],{"class":58},[44,91466,28875],{"class":89},[44,91468,99],{"class":58},[20,91470,78486,91471,86],{},[184,91472,35973,91473,35976],{"href":35972},[15,91474,35117],{},[30,91476,91478,91479,91481],{"id":91477},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91480,35565],{}," to a list",[20,91483,91484,91486],{},[15,91485,35565],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91488,91489,91490,1084],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91491,24147],{},[35,91493,91495],{"className":37,"code":91494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91496,91497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91498,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91500,106],{"class":105},[44,91502,93],{"class":58},[44,91504,1097],{"class":909},[44,91506,93],{"class":58},[44,91508,59368],{"class":105},[44,91510,93],{"class":58},[44,91512,1433],{"class":62},[44,91514,2282],{"class":58},[20,91516,118],{},[35,91518,91520],{"className":37,"code":91519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91521,91522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91523,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91525,3270],{"class":58},[44,91527,1491],{"class":62},[44,91529,66],{"class":58},[44,91531,4874],{"class":62},[44,91533,66],{"class":58},[44,91535,69],{"class":62},[44,91537,3005],{"class":58},[20,91539,32677],{},[165,91541,91542,91547,91550],{},[168,91543,91544,91545,41454],{},"learning how ",[15,91546,35565],{},[168,91548,91549],{},"checking your values",[168,91551,91552],{},"debugging code",[20,91554,4848],{},[35,91556,91558],{"className":37,"code":91557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91559,91560,91574,91578,91588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91561,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91563,51],{"class":50},[44,91565,55],{"class":54},[44,91567,53441],{"class":105},[44,91569,93],{"class":58},[44,91571,96],{"class":62},[44,91573,99],{"class":58},[44,91575,91576],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91577,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,91579,91580,91582,91584,91586],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91581,106],{"class":105},[44,91583,93],{"class":58},[44,91585,83],{"class":89},[44,91587,99],{"class":58},[44,91589,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,91591,106],{"class":105},[44,91593,93],{"class":58},[44,91595,1097],{"class":909},[44,91597,93],{"class":58},[44,91599,83],{"class":89},[44,91601,973],{"class":58},[20,91603,118],{},[35,91605,91607],{"className":37,"code":91606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91608,91609,91623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91610,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91612,59368],{"class":105},[44,91614,93],{"class":58},[44,91616,1491],{"class":62},[44,91618,66],{"class":58},[44,91620,143],{"class":62},[44,91622,99],{"class":58},[44,91624,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91626,3270],{"class":58},[44,91628,1491],{"class":62},[44,91630,66],{"class":58},[44,91632,4874],{"class":62},[44,91634,66],{"class":58},[44,91636,69],{"class":62},[44,91638,66],{"class":58},[44,91640,74],{"class":62},[44,91642,3005],{"class":58},[20,91644,91645,91646,525,91648,91651],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91647,59368],{},[15,91649,91650],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,91653,3892],{"id":3891},[20,91655,32906,91656,86],{},[15,91657,35565],{},[693,91659,91661],{"id":91660},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91663,91664],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,91666,91668],{"className":37,"code":91667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91669,91670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91671,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91673,106],{"class":105},[44,91675,93],{"class":58},[44,91677,1097],{"class":909},[44,91679,93],{"class":58},[44,91681,59368],{"class":105},[44,91683,93],{"class":58},[44,91685,63],{"class":62},[44,91687,66],{"class":58},[44,91689,1064],{"class":62},[44,91691,2282],{"class":58},[20,91693,91694],{},"will produce:",[35,91696,91698],{"className":37,"code":91697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91699,91700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91701,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91703,3270],{"class":58},[44,91705,63],{"class":62},[44,91707,66],{"class":58},[44,91709,69],{"class":62},[44,91711,66],{"class":58},[44,91713,74],{"class":62},[44,91715,66],{"class":58},[44,91717,143],{"class":62},[44,91719,66],{"class":58},[44,91721,1064],{"class":62},[44,91723,3005],{"class":58},[20,91725,91726],{},"But the real output is:",[35,91728,91729],{"className":37,"code":52876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91730,91731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91732,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91734,3270],{"class":58},[44,91736,63],{"class":62},[44,91738,66],{"class":58},[44,91740,69],{"class":62},[44,91742,66],{"class":58},[44,91744,74],{"class":62},[44,91746,66],{"class":58},[44,91748,143],{"class":62},[44,91750,3005],{"class":58},[20,91752,91753],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[693,91755,3953,91757,91759,91760],{"id":91756},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91758,90221],{}," starts at ",[15,91761,63],{},[20,91763,36835,91764,18329,91766,86],{},[15,91765,1491],{},[15,91767,63],{},[35,91769,91770],{"className":37,"code":90414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91771,91772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91773,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91775,106],{"class":105},[44,91777,93],{"class":58},[44,91779,1097],{"class":909},[44,91781,93],{"class":58},[44,91783,59368],{"class":105},[44,91785,93],{"class":58},[44,91787,1508],{"class":62},[44,91789,2282],{"class":58},[20,91791,118],{},[35,91793,91794],{"className":37,"code":59391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91795,91796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91797,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91799,3270],{"class":58},[44,91801,1491],{"class":62},[44,91803,66],{"class":58},[44,91805,4874],{"class":62},[44,91807,66],{"class":58},[44,91809,69],{"class":62},[44,91811,66],{"class":58},[44,91813,74],{"class":62},[44,91815,66],{"class":58},[44,91817,143],{"class":62},[44,91819,3005],{"class":58},[693,91821,91823],{"id":91822},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91825,91826,91827,1084],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91828,2328],{},[35,91830,91832],{"className":37,"code":91831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91833,91834,91853,91857,91874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91835,91836,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91837,91838],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,91840,55],{"class":54},[44,91842,7620],{"class":105},[44,91844,93],{"class":58},[44,91846,279],{"class":278},[44,91848,41240],{"class":282},[44,91850,279],{"class":278},[44,91852,99],{"class":58},[44,91854,91855],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91856,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,91858,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91872],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91860,5334],{"class":3246},[44,91862,68917],{"class":50},[44,91864,3253],{"class":3246},[44,91866,53441],{"class":105},[44,91868,93],{"class":58},[44,91870,91871],{"class":89},"user_number",[44,91873,7720],{"class":58},[44,91875,91876,91878,91880,91882],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,91877,7447],{"class":105},[44,91879,93],{"class":58},[44,91881,35521],{"class":89},[44,91883,99],{"class":58},[20,91885,47882,91886,91888],{},[15,91887,2328],{}," returns a string.",[20,91890,10183],{},[35,91892,91894],{"className":37,"code":91893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91895,91896,91918,91922,91938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91897,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91899,91838],{"class":50},[44,91901,55],{"class":54},[44,91903,44647],{"class":909},[44,91905,93],{"class":58},[44,91907,41832],{"class":105},[44,91909,93],{"class":58},[44,91911,279],{"class":278},[44,91913,41240],{"class":282},[44,91915,279],{"class":278},[44,91917,973],{"class":58},[44,91919,91920],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,91921,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,91923,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91925,5334],{"class":3246},[44,91927,68917],{"class":50},[44,91929,3253],{"class":3246},[44,91931,53441],{"class":105},[44,91933,93],{"class":58},[44,91935,91871],{"class":89},[44,91937,7720],{"class":58},[44,91939,91940,91942,91944,91946],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,91941,7447],{"class":105},[44,91943,93],{"class":58},[44,91945,35521],{"class":89},[44,91947,99],{"class":58},[20,91949,91950,91951,86],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[184,91952,49896,91953],{"href":49895},[15,91954,49899],{},[693,91956,91958,91959,91961,91962],{"id":91957},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,91960,35441],{}," smaller than ",[15,91963,74794],{},[20,91965,91966],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,91968,91969],{"className":37,"code":90896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91970,91971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91972,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91974,106],{"class":105},[44,91976,93],{"class":58},[44,91978,1097],{"class":909},[44,91980,93],{"class":58},[44,91982,59368],{"class":105},[44,91984,93],{"class":58},[44,91986,63],{"class":62},[44,91988,66],{"class":58},[44,91990,1064],{"class":62},[44,91992,66],{"class":58},[44,91994,1594],{"class":54},[44,91996,63],{"class":62},[44,91998,2282],{"class":58},[20,92000,118],{},[35,92002,92003],{"className":37,"code":37665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92004,92005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92006,92007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92008,37665],{"class":58},[20,92010,92011],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[693,92013,24983,92015],{"id":92014},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92016,92017],{},"step = 0",[20,92019,76937],{},[35,92021,92023],{"className":37,"code":92022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92024,92025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92026,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92028,59368],{"class":105},[44,92030,93],{"class":58},[44,92032,63],{"class":62},[44,92034,66],{"class":58},[44,92036,5381],{"class":62},[44,92038,66],{"class":58},[44,92040,3204],{"class":62},[44,92042,99],{"class":58},[20,92044,92045],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[693,92047,4077,92049,92051],{"id":92048},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92050,35565],{}," is not a list",[20,92053,92054],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92056,92058],{"className":37,"code":92057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92059,92060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92061,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92063,106],{"class":105},[44,92065,93],{"class":58},[44,92067,59368],{"class":105},[44,92069,93],{"class":58},[44,92071,1508],{"class":62},[44,92073,973],{"class":58},[20,92075,118],{},[35,92077,92079],{"className":37,"code":92078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92080,92081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92082,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92084,59368],{"class":105},[44,92086,93],{"class":58},[44,92088,1491],{"class":62},[44,92090,66],{"class":58},[44,92092,1064],{"class":62},[44,92094,99],{"class":58},[20,92096,92097],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92099,92100],{"className":37,"code":90414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92101,92102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92103,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92105,106],{"class":105},[44,92107,93],{"class":58},[44,92109,1097],{"class":909},[44,92111,93],{"class":58},[44,92113,59368],{"class":105},[44,92115,93],{"class":58},[44,92117,1508],{"class":62},[44,92119,2282],{"class":58},[20,92121,118],{},[35,92123,92124],{"className":37,"code":59391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92125,92126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92127,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92129,3270],{"class":58},[44,92131,1491],{"class":62},[44,92133,66],{"class":58},[44,92135,4874],{"class":62},[44,92137,66],{"class":58},[44,92139,69],{"class":62},[44,92141,66],{"class":58},[44,92143,74],{"class":62},[44,92145,66],{"class":58},[44,92147,143],{"class":62},[44,92149,3005],{"class":58},[30,92151,92153],{"id":92152},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92155,8253,92156,81707],{},[15,92157,35565],{},[35,92159,92161],{"className":37,"code":92160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92162,92163,92177,92195,92217,92245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92164,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92166,106],{"class":105},[44,92168,93],{"class":58},[44,92170,59368],{"class":105},[44,92172,93],{"class":58},[44,92174,1508],{"class":62},[44,92176,973],{"class":58},[44,92178,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92180,106],{"class":105},[44,92182,93],{"class":58},[44,92184,1097],{"class":909},[44,92186,93],{"class":58},[44,92188,59368],{"class":105},[44,92190,93],{"class":58},[44,92192,1508],{"class":62},[44,92194,2282],{"class":58},[44,92196,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92198,106],{"class":105},[44,92200,93],{"class":58},[44,92202,1097],{"class":909},[44,92204,93],{"class":58},[44,92206,59368],{"class":105},[44,92208,93],{"class":58},[44,92210,472],{"class":62},[44,92212,66],{"class":58},[44,92214,5736],{"class":62},[44,92216,2282],{"class":58},[44,92218,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,92220,106],{"class":105},[44,92222,93],{"class":58},[44,92224,1097],{"class":909},[44,92226,93],{"class":58},[44,92228,59368],{"class":105},[44,92230,93],{"class":58},[44,92232,931],{"class":62},[44,92234,66],{"class":58},[44,92236,3204],{"class":62},[44,92238,66],{"class":58},[44,92240,1594],{"class":54},[44,92242,472],{"class":62},[44,92244,2282],{"class":58},[44,92246,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259,92261],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,92248,106],{"class":105},[44,92250,93],{"class":58},[44,92252,1090],{"class":909},[44,92254,93],{"class":58},[44,92256,59368],{"class":105},[44,92258,93],{"class":58},[44,92260,1508],{"class":62},[44,92262,2282],{"class":58},[20,92264,25375],{},[165,92266,92267,92270,92273],{},[168,92268,92269],{},"what values are being created",[168,92271,92272],{},"whether the direction is correct",[168,92274,92275,92276,23984],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92277,59368],{},[30,92279,1235],{"id":1234},[693,92281,1239,92283,92285],{"id":92282},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92284,35565],{}," include the last number?",[20,92287,92288],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[693,92290,4532,92292,92294,92295,1863],{"id":92291},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92293,90221],{}," start at ",[15,92296,1491],{},[20,92298,92299,92300,86],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92301,1491],{},[693,92303,4544,92305,92307],{"id":92304},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92306,35565],{}," count backward?",[20,92309,92310,92311,86],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92312,92313],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[693,92315,14274,92317,25410],{"id":92316},"is-range-a-list",[15,92318,35565],{},[20,92320,25413,92321,92323,92324,23305],{},[15,92322,59368],{}," object. Use ",[15,92325,92326],{},"list(range(...))",[693,92328,4532,92330,48056],{"id":92329},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92331,92332],{},"range(input())",[20,92334,92335,2853,92337,86],{},[15,92336,2328],{},[15,92338,92339],{},"int(input())",[30,92341,1279],{"id":1278},[165,92343,92344,92348,92354,92360,92366],{},[168,92345,92346],{},[184,92347,35397],{"href":35396},[168,92349,92350],{},[184,92351,2945,92352,2878],{"href":41727},[15,92353,41730],{},[168,92355,92356],{},[184,92357,2945,92358,2878],{"href":91390},[15,92359,35117],{},[168,92361,92362],{},[184,92363,36886,92364,35976],{"href":35972},[15,92365,35117],{},[168,92367,92368],{},[184,92369,49896,92370],{"href":49895},[15,92371,49899],{},[1304,92373,92374],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":92376},[92377,92378,92380,92386,92394,92401,92403,92415,92416,92428],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":90230,"depth":80,"text":92379},"What range() does",{"id":90323,"depth":80,"text":92381,"children":92382},"range() syntax",[92383,92384,92385],{"id":90403,"depth":102,"text":90406},{"id":90467,"depth":102,"text":90470},{"id":90535,"depth":102,"text":90538},{"id":90606,"depth":80,"text":90607,"children":92387},[92388,92389,92390,92391,92392],{"id":90613,"depth":102,"text":90221},{"id":90676,"depth":102,"text":90679},{"id":90740,"depth":102,"text":90743},{"id":90816,"depth":102,"text":90817},{"id":76181,"depth":102,"text":92393},"step cannot be 0",{"id":90975,"depth":80,"text":92395,"children":92396},"Using range() in a for loop",[92397,92398,92399],{"id":91077,"depth":102,"text":91078},{"id":91122,"depth":102,"text":91123},{"id":91202,"depth":102,"text":92400},"range() and indexing",{"id":91477,"depth":80,"text":92402},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":92404},[92405,92406,92408,92409,92411,92413],{"id":91660,"depth":102,"text":91661},{"id":91756,"depth":102,"text":92407},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91822,"depth":102,"text":91823},{"id":91957,"depth":102,"text":92410},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92014,"depth":102,"text":92412},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92048,"depth":102,"text":92414},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92152,"depth":80,"text":92153},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":92417},[92418,92420,92422,92424,92426],{"id":92282,"depth":102,"text":92419},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92291,"depth":102,"text":92421},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92304,"depth":102,"text":92423},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92316,"depth":102,"text":92425},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92329,"depth":102,"text":92427},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90124,"description":92429},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92436,"title":92437,"body":92438,"description":94111,"extension":1334,"meta":94112,"navigation":322,"path":94113,"seo":94114,"stem":94115,"__hash__":94116},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92439,"toc":94084},[92440,92449,92456,92473,92489,92491,92540,92548,92552,92555,92575,92577,92641,92643,92686,92689,92735,92737,92770,92780,92786,92794,92811,92813,92844,92846,92871,92876,92887,92890,92960,92962,92993,92998,93003,93020,93022,93073,93075,93108,93111,93118,93123,93127,93143,93145,93189,93191,93237,93240,93253,93258,93262,93276,93278,93329,93331,93364,93369,93371,93378,93380,93403,93405,93470,93472,93489,93492,93525,93527,93555,93565,93572,93576,93579,93597,93600,93628,93631,93649,93654,93660,93663,93685,93687,93715,93717,93720,93745,93748,93861,93863,93942,93944,93950,93955,93963,93971,93975,93978,93980,94013,94015,94023,94029,94036,94043,94046,94048,94081],[10,92441,2945,92443,525,92445,92448],{"id":92442},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92444,35565],{},[15,92446,92447],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92450,92451,3766,92453,92455],{},[15,92452,35565],{},[15,92454,92447],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[165,92457,92458,92466],{},[168,92459,92460,92462,92463],{},[15,92461,35565],{}," creates a ",[116,92464,92465],{},"range object",[168,92467,92468,92462,92470],{},[15,92469,92447],{},[116,92471,92472],{},"real list",[20,92474,92475,92476,92478,92479,92482,92483,92485,92486,92488],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92477,90221],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92480,92481],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92484,35565],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92487,92447],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,92490,2978],{"id":2977},[35,92492,92494],{"className":37,"code":92493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92495,92496,92510,92523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92497,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92499,51],{"class":50},[44,92501,55],{"class":54},[44,92503,53441],{"class":105},[44,92505,93],{"class":58},[44,92507,1508],{"class":62},[44,92509,99],{"class":58},[44,92511,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92513,106],{"class":105},[44,92515,93],{"class":58},[44,92517,83],{"class":89},[44,92519,3031],{"class":58},[44,92521,92522],{"class":3034},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,92524,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92526,106],{"class":105},[44,92528,93],{"class":58},[44,92530,1097],{"class":909},[44,92532,93],{"class":58},[44,92534,83],{"class":89},[44,92536,4737],{"class":58},[44,92538,92539],{"class":3034},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92541,148,92542,92544,92545,92547],{},[15,92543,35565],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92546,92447],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,92549,92551],{"id":92550},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92553,92554],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[165,92556,92557,92564,92569,92572],{},[168,92558,92559,21342,92561,92563],{},[15,92560,35565],{},[116,92562,92465],{},", not a list",[168,92565,92566,92568],{},[15,92567,92447],{}," converts that range object into a list",[168,92570,92571],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[168,92573,92574],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92576,894],{},[35,92578,92580],{"className":37,"code":92579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92581,92582,92597,92616,92620,92630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92583,92584,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92585,92586],{"class":50},"r ",[44,92588,55],{"class":54},[44,92590,53441],{"class":105},[44,92592,93],{"class":58},[44,92594,1508],{"class":62},[44,92596,99],{"class":58},[44,92598,92599,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92600,92601],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,92603,55],{"class":54},[44,92605,21927],{"class":909},[44,92607,93],{"class":58},[44,92609,59368],{"class":105},[44,92611,93],{"class":58},[44,92613,1508],{"class":62},[44,92615,973],{"class":58},[44,92617,92618],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92619,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,92621,92622,92624,92626,92628],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,92623,106],{"class":105},[44,92625,93],{"class":58},[44,92627,59874],{"class":89},[44,92629,99],{"class":58},[44,92631,92632,92634,92636,92639],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,92633,106],{"class":105},[44,92635,93],{"class":58},[44,92637,92638],{"class":89},"lst",[44,92640,99],{"class":58},[20,92642,118],{},[35,92644,92646],{"className":37,"code":92645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92647,92648,92662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92649,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92651,59368],{"class":105},[44,92653,93],{"class":58},[44,92655,1491],{"class":62},[44,92657,66],{"class":58},[44,92659,1064],{"class":62},[44,92661,99],{"class":58},[44,92663,92664,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92665,3270],{"class":58},[44,92667,1491],{"class":62},[44,92669,66],{"class":58},[44,92671,4874],{"class":62},[44,92673,66],{"class":58},[44,92675,69],{"class":62},[44,92677,66],{"class":58},[44,92679,74],{"class":62},[44,92681,66],{"class":58},[44,92683,143],{"class":62},[44,92685,3005],{"class":58},[20,92687,92688],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,92690,92692],{"className":37,"code":92691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92693,92694,92712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92695,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92697,106],{"class":105},[44,92699,93],{"class":58},[44,92701,1090],{"class":909},[44,92703,93],{"class":58},[44,92705,59368],{"class":105},[44,92707,93],{"class":58},[44,92709,1508],{"class":62},[44,92711,2282],{"class":58},[44,92713,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92715,106],{"class":105},[44,92717,93],{"class":58},[44,92719,1090],{"class":909},[44,92721,93],{"class":58},[44,92723,1097],{"class":909},[44,92725,93],{"class":58},[44,92727,59368],{"class":105},[44,92729,93],{"class":58},[44,92731,1508],{"class":62},[44,92733,92734],{"class":58},"))))\n",[20,92736,118],{},[35,92738,92740],{"className":37,"code":92739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92741,92742,92756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92743,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92745,2659],{"class":54},[44,92747,2662],{"class":1436},[44,92749,360],{"class":278},[44,92751,59368],{"class":282},[44,92753,351],{"class":278},[44,92755,2671],{"class":54},[44,92757,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92759,2659],{"class":54},[44,92761,2662],{"class":1436},[44,92763,360],{"class":278},[44,92765,1097],{"class":282},[44,92767,351],{"class":278},[44,92769,2671],{"class":54},[20,92771,92772,92773,92775,92776,86],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92774,35565],{}," works, see ",[184,92777,2945,92778,2878],{"href":92431},[15,92779,35565],{},[30,92781,155,92783,92785],{"id":92782},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92784,35565],{}," gives you",[20,92787,92788,92790,92791,92793],{},[15,92789,35565],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92792,5334],{}," loops.",[165,92795,92796,92799,92802,92805],{},[168,92797,92798],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[168,92800,92801],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[168,92803,92804],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[168,92806,92807,92808],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92809,92810],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92812,894],{},[35,92814,92816],{"className":37,"code":92815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92817,92818,92834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92819,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92821,5334],{"class":3246},[44,92823,68917],{"class":50},[44,92825,3253],{"class":3246},[44,92827,53441],{"class":105},[44,92829,93],{"class":58},[44,92831,1508],{"class":62},[44,92833,7720],{"class":58},[44,92835,92836,92838,92840,92842],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92837,7447],{"class":105},[44,92839,93],{"class":58},[44,92841,35521],{"class":89},[44,92843,99],{"class":58},[20,92845,118],{},[35,92847,92849],{"className":37,"code":92848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92850,92851,92855,92859,92863,92867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92852,92853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92854,46623],{"class":62},[44,92856,92857],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92858,46288],{"class":62},[44,92860,92861],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92862,16425],{"class":62},[44,92864,92865],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,92866,45988],{"class":62},[44,92868,92869],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,92870,48022],{"class":62},[20,92872,20137,92873,92875],{},[15,92874,90221],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92877,92878,92879,92881,92882,86],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92880,35565],{}," is so common with ",[184,92883,2945,92885,90252],{"href":92884},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92886,5334],{},[20,92888,92889],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,92891,92893],{"className":37,"code":92892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92894,92895,92917,92921,92931,92945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92896,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913,92915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92898,92586],{"class":50},[44,92900,55],{"class":54},[44,92902,53441],{"class":105},[44,92904,93],{"class":58},[44,92906,472],{"class":62},[44,92908,66],{"class":58},[44,92910,5381],{"class":62},[44,92912,66],{"class":58},[44,92914,69],{"class":62},[44,92916,99],{"class":58},[44,92918,92919],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92920,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,92922,92923,92925,92927,92929],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92924,106],{"class":105},[44,92926,93],{"class":58},[44,92928,59874],{"class":89},[44,92930,99],{"class":58},[44,92932,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,92934,106],{"class":105},[44,92936,93],{"class":58},[44,92938,10537],{"class":105},[44,92940,93],{"class":58},[44,92942,59874],{"class":89},[44,92944,973],{"class":58},[44,92946,92947,92949,92951,92953,92955,92958],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,92948,106],{"class":105},[44,92950,93],{"class":58},[44,92952,79962],{"class":62},[44,92954,20540],{"class":3246},[44,92956,92957],{"class":89}," r",[44,92959,99],{"class":58},[20,92961,118],{},[35,92963,92965],{"className":37,"code":92964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,92966,92967,92985,92989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92968,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979,92981,92983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92970,59368],{"class":105},[44,92972,93],{"class":58},[44,92974,472],{"class":62},[44,92976,66],{"class":58},[44,92978,5381],{"class":62},[44,92980,66],{"class":58},[44,92982,69],{"class":62},[44,92984,99],{"class":58},[44,92986,92987],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,92988,48022],{"class":62},[44,92990,92991],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92992,3350],{"class":871},[30,92994,155,92996,92785],{"id":92995},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,92997,92447],{},[20,92999,93000,93002],{},[15,93001,92447],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[165,93004,93005,93008,93011,93014],{},[168,93006,93007],{},"It creates all values at once",[168,93009,93010],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[168,93012,93013],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[168,93015,93016,93017,93019],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93018,35565],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93021,894],{},[35,93023,93025],{"className":37,"code":93024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93026,93027,93045,93049,93059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93028,93029,93031,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93030,51],{"class":50},[44,93032,55],{"class":54},[44,93034,21927],{"class":909},[44,93036,93],{"class":58},[44,93038,59368],{"class":105},[44,93040,93],{"class":58},[44,93042,1508],{"class":62},[44,93044,973],{"class":58},[44,93046,93047],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93048,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,93050,93051,93053,93055,93057],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93052,106],{"class":105},[44,93054,93],{"class":58},[44,93056,83],{"class":89},[44,93058,99],{"class":58},[44,93060,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069,93071],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,93062,106],{"class":105},[44,93064,93],{"class":58},[44,93066,83],{"class":89},[44,93068,3270],{"class":58},[44,93070,472],{"class":62},[44,93072,677],{"class":58},[20,93074,118],{},[35,93076,93078],{"className":37,"code":93077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93079,93080,93104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93081,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93083,3270],{"class":58},[44,93085,1491],{"class":62},[44,93087,66],{"class":58},[44,93089,4874],{"class":62},[44,93091,66],{"class":58},[44,93093,69],{"class":62},[44,93095,66],{"class":58},[44,93097,74],{"class":62},[44,93099,66],{"class":58},[44,93101,143],{"class":62},[44,93103,3005],{"class":58},[44,93105,93106],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93107,16425],{"class":62},[20,93109,93110],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93112,93113,93114,86],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[184,93115,2945,93116,2878],{"href":64216},[15,93117,24147],{},[30,93119,4334,93121],{"id":93120},"when-to-use-range",[15,93122,35565],{},[20,93124,148,93125,9977],{},[15,93126,35565],{},[165,93128,93129,93134,93137,93140],{},[168,93130,93131,93132,90981],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93133,5334],{},[168,93135,93136],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[168,93138,93139],{},"You are working with large sequences",[168,93141,93142],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93144,894],{},[35,93146,93148],{"className":37,"code":93147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93149,93150,93170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93151,93152,93154,93156,93158,93160,93162,93164,93166,93168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93153,5334],{"class":3246},[44,93155,68917],{"class":50},[44,93157,3253],{"class":3246},[44,93159,53441],{"class":105},[44,93161,93],{"class":58},[44,93163,63],{"class":62},[44,93165,66],{"class":58},[44,93167,37011],{"class":62},[44,93169,7720],{"class":58},[44,93171,93172,93174,93176,93178,93181,93183,93185,93187],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93173,7447],{"class":105},[44,93175,93],{"class":58},[44,93177,279],{"class":278},[44,93179,93180],{"class":282},"Count:",[44,93182,279],{"class":278},[44,93184,66],{"class":58},[44,93186,35497],{"class":89},[44,93188,99],{"class":58},[20,93190,118],{},[35,93192,93194],{"className":37,"code":93193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93195,93196,93205,93213,93221,93229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93197,93198,93201,93203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93199,93200],{"class":50},"Count",[44,93202,1084],{"class":58},[44,93204,28983],{"class":62},[44,93206,93207,93209,93211],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93208,93200],{"class":50},[44,93210,1084],{"class":58},[44,93212,44960],{"class":62},[44,93214,93215,93217,93219],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93216,93200],{"class":50},[44,93218,1084],{"class":58},[44,93220,1948],{"class":62},[44,93222,93223,93225,93227],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,93224,93200],{"class":50},[44,93226,1084],{"class":58},[44,93228,23030],{"class":62},[44,93230,93231,93233,93235],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,93232,93200],{"class":50},[44,93234,1084],{"class":58},[44,93236,34209],{"class":62},[20,93238,93239],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93241,93242,93243,93245,93246,61656,93248,86],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93244,35117],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93247,35966],{},[184,93249,35973,93251,35976],{"href":93250},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93252,35117],{},[30,93254,4334,93256],{"id":93255},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93257,92447],{},[20,93259,148,93260,9977],{},[15,93261,92447],{},[165,93263,93264,93267,93270,93273],{},[168,93265,93266],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[168,93268,93269],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[168,93271,93272],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[168,93274,93275],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93277,894],{},[35,93279,93281],{"className":37,"code":93280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93282,93283,93301,93315,93319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93284,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295,93297,93299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93286,51],{"class":50},[44,93288,55],{"class":54},[44,93290,21927],{"class":909},[44,93292,93],{"class":58},[44,93294,59368],{"class":105},[44,93296,93],{"class":58},[44,93298,1508],{"class":62},[44,93300,973],{"class":58},[44,93302,93303,93305,93307,93309,93311,93313],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93304,83],{"class":50},[44,93306,86],{"class":58},[44,93308,12924],{"class":89},[44,93310,93],{"class":58},[44,93312,1508],{"class":62},[44,93314,99],{"class":58},[44,93316,93317],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93318,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,93320,93321,93323,93325,93327],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,93322,106],{"class":105},[44,93324,93],{"class":58},[44,93326,83],{"class":89},[44,93328,99],{"class":58},[20,93330,118],{},[35,93332,93334],{"className":37,"code":93333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93335,93336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93337,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356,93358,93360,93362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93339,3270],{"class":58},[44,93341,1491],{"class":62},[44,93343,66],{"class":58},[44,93345,4874],{"class":62},[44,93347,66],{"class":58},[44,93349,69],{"class":62},[44,93351,66],{"class":58},[44,93353,74],{"class":62},[44,93355,66],{"class":58},[44,93357,143],{"class":62},[44,93359,66],{"class":58},[44,93361,1064],{"class":62},[44,93363,3005],{"class":58},[20,93365,5437,93366,93368],{},[15,93367,83],{}," is a list.",[30,93370,14967],{"id":14966},[20,93372,93373,93375,93376,86],{},[15,93374,35565],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[116,93377,36965],{},[20,93379,1478],{},[165,93381,93382,93384,93389,93394,93397],{},[168,93383,21352],{},[168,93385,93386,93387],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93388,41730],{},[168,93390,93391,93392],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93393,3253],{},[168,93395,93396],{},"You can index it",[168,93398,93399,93400,93402],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93401,1144],{}," do not work on it",[20,93404,894],{},[35,93406,93408],{"className":37,"code":93407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93409,93410,93424,93428,93442,93456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93411,93412,93414,93416,93418,93420,93422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93413,92586],{"class":50},[44,93415,55],{"class":54},[44,93417,53441],{"class":105},[44,93419,93],{"class":58},[44,93421,1508],{"class":62},[44,93423,99],{"class":58},[44,93425,93426],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93427,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93431,106],{"class":105},[44,93433,93],{"class":58},[44,93435,59874],{"class":89},[44,93437,3270],{"class":58},[44,93439,472],{"class":62},[44,93441,677],{"class":58},[44,93443,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,93445,106],{"class":105},[44,93447,93],{"class":58},[44,93449,10537],{"class":105},[44,93451,93],{"class":58},[44,93453,59874],{"class":89},[44,93455,973],{"class":58},[44,93457,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,93459,106],{"class":105},[44,93461,93],{"class":58},[44,93463,1433],{"class":62},[44,93465,20540],{"class":3246},[44,93467,92957],{"class":89},[44,93469,99],{"class":58},[20,93471,118],{},[35,93473,93475],{"className":37,"code":93474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93476,93477,93481,93485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93478,93479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93480,16425],{"class":62},[44,93482,93483],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93484,2317],{"class":62},[44,93486,93487],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93488,3350],{"class":871},[20,93490,93491],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,93493,93495],{"className":37,"code":93494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93496,93497,93511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93498,93499,93501,93503,93505,93507,93509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93500,92586],{"class":50},[44,93502,55],{"class":54},[44,93504,53441],{"class":105},[44,93506,93],{"class":58},[44,93508,1508],{"class":62},[44,93510,99],{"class":58},[44,93512,93513,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93514,59874],{"class":50},[44,93516,86],{"class":58},[44,93518,12924],{"class":89},[44,93520,93],{"class":58},[44,93522,1508],{"class":62},[44,93524,99],{"class":58},[20,93526,118],{},[35,93528,93530],{"className":37,"code":93529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93531,93532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93533,93534,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546,93549,93551,93553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93535,25038],{"class":909},[44,93537,1084],{"class":58},[44,93539,360],{"class":278},[44,93541,59368],{"class":282},[44,93543,351],{"class":278},[44,93545,23984],{"class":909},[44,93547,93548],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,93550,351],{"class":278},[44,93552,12924],{"class":282},[44,93554,1100],{"class":278},[20,93556,93557,93558,1561,93560,1565,93562,93564],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93559,1144],{},[15,93561,54900],{},[15,93563,63680],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93566,93567,93568,86],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[184,93569,25046,93570],{"href":34787},[15,93571,33621],{},[30,93573,93575],{"id":93574},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93577,93578],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,93580,93581],{"className":37,"code":92057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93582,93583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93584,93585,93587,93589,93591,93593,93595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93586,106],{"class":105},[44,93588,93],{"class":58},[44,93590,59368],{"class":105},[44,93592,93],{"class":58},[44,93594,1508],{"class":62},[44,93596,973],{"class":58},[20,93598,93599],{},"to show:",[35,93601,93602],{"className":37,"code":59391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93603,93604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93605,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622,93624,93626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93607,3270],{"class":58},[44,93609,1491],{"class":62},[44,93611,66],{"class":58},[44,93613,4874],{"class":62},[44,93615,66],{"class":58},[44,93617,69],{"class":62},[44,93619,66],{"class":58},[44,93621,74],{"class":62},[44,93623,66],{"class":58},[44,93625,143],{"class":62},[44,93627,3005],{"class":58},[20,93629,93630],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,93632,93633],{"className":37,"code":92078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93634,93635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93636,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93638,59368],{"class":105},[44,93640,93],{"class":58},[44,93642,1491],{"class":62},[44,93644,66],{"class":58},[44,93646,1064],{"class":62},[44,93648,99],{"class":58},[20,93650,4001,93651,93653],{},[116,93652,736],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93655,93656,93657,93659],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[116,93658,92465],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93661,93662],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,93664,93665],{"className":37,"code":90414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93666,93667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93668,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93670,106],{"class":105},[44,93672,93],{"class":58},[44,93674,1097],{"class":909},[44,93676,93],{"class":58},[44,93678,59368],{"class":105},[44,93680,93],{"class":58},[44,93682,1508],{"class":62},[44,93684,2282],{"class":58},[20,93686,118],{},[35,93688,93689],{"className":37,"code":59391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93690,93691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93692,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93694,3270],{"class":58},[44,93696,1491],{"class":62},[44,93698,66],{"class":58},[44,93700,4874],{"class":62},[44,93702,66],{"class":58},[44,93704,69],{"class":62},[44,93706,66],{"class":58},[44,93708,74],{"class":62},[44,93710,66],{"class":58},[44,93712,143],{"class":62},[44,93714,3005],{"class":58},[30,93716,1113],{"id":1112},[20,93718,93719],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[165,93721,93722,93728,93731,93737],{},[168,93723,1123,93724,93727],{},[15,93725,93726],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[168,93729,93730],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[168,93732,93733,93734,93736],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93735,35565],{}," is iterable but not a list",[168,93738,1123,93739,93741,93742,93744],{},[15,93740,92447],{}," when plain ",[15,93743,35565],{}," would be simpler",[20,93746,93747],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,93749,93751],{"className":37,"code":93750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93752,93753,93767,93785,93803,93825,93843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93754,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93756,106],{"class":105},[44,93758,93],{"class":58},[44,93760,59368],{"class":105},[44,93762,93],{"class":58},[44,93764,1508],{"class":62},[44,93766,973],{"class":58},[44,93768,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777,93779,93781,93783],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93770,106],{"class":105},[44,93772,93],{"class":58},[44,93774,1097],{"class":909},[44,93776,93],{"class":58},[44,93778,59368],{"class":105},[44,93780,93],{"class":58},[44,93782,1508],{"class":62},[44,93784,2282],{"class":58},[44,93786,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797,93799,93801],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93788,106],{"class":105},[44,93790,93],{"class":58},[44,93792,1090],{"class":909},[44,93794,93],{"class":58},[44,93796,59368],{"class":105},[44,93798,93],{"class":58},[44,93800,1508],{"class":62},[44,93802,2282],{"class":58},[44,93804,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,93806,106],{"class":105},[44,93808,93],{"class":58},[44,93810,1090],{"class":909},[44,93812,93],{"class":58},[44,93814,1097],{"class":909},[44,93816,93],{"class":58},[44,93818,59368],{"class":105},[44,93820,93],{"class":58},[44,93822,1508],{"class":62},[44,93824,92734],{"class":58},[44,93826,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,93828,106],{"class":105},[44,93830,93],{"class":58},[44,93832,1433],{"class":62},[44,93834,20540],{"class":3246},[44,93836,53441],{"class":105},[44,93838,93],{"class":58},[44,93840,1508],{"class":62},[44,93842,973],{"class":58},[44,93844,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,93846,106],{"class":105},[44,93848,93],{"class":58},[44,93850,10537],{"class":105},[44,93852,93],{"class":58},[44,93854,59368],{"class":105},[44,93856,93],{"class":58},[44,93858,1508],{"class":62},[44,93860,2282],{"class":58},[20,93862,118],{},[35,93864,93866],{"className":37,"code":93865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93867,93868,93882,93906,93920,93934,93938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93869,93870,93872,93874,93876,93878,93880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93871,59368],{"class":105},[44,93873,93],{"class":58},[44,93875,1491],{"class":62},[44,93877,66],{"class":58},[44,93879,1064],{"class":62},[44,93881,99],{"class":58},[44,93883,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,93885,3270],{"class":58},[44,93887,1491],{"class":62},[44,93889,66],{"class":58},[44,93891,4874],{"class":62},[44,93893,66],{"class":58},[44,93895,69],{"class":62},[44,93897,66],{"class":58},[44,93899,74],{"class":62},[44,93901,66],{"class":58},[44,93903,143],{"class":62},[44,93905,3005],{"class":58},[44,93907,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93909,2659],{"class":54},[44,93911,2662],{"class":1436},[44,93913,360],{"class":278},[44,93915,59368],{"class":282},[44,93917,351],{"class":278},[44,93919,2671],{"class":54},[44,93921,93922,93924,93926,93928,93930,93932],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,93923,2659],{"class":54},[44,93925,2662],{"class":1436},[44,93927,360],{"class":278},[44,93929,1097],{"class":282},[44,93931,351],{"class":278},[44,93933,2671],{"class":54},[44,93935,93936],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,93937,3350],{"class":871},[44,93939,93940],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,93941,2317],{"class":62},[30,93943,1235],{"id":1234},[693,93945,14274,93947,93949],{"id":93946},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,93948,35565],{}," a list in Python?",[20,93951,45736,93952,93954],{},[15,93953,35565],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[693,93956,93958,93959,1264,93961,1863],{"id":93957},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,93960,35565],{},[15,93962,92447],{},[20,93964,93965,93967,93968,93970],{},[15,93966,35565],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,93969,92447],{}," creates a full list.",[693,93972,93974],{"id":93973},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,93976,93977],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,93979,894],{},[35,93981,93983],{"className":37,"code":93982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,93984,93985,93999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93986,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93988,92586],{"class":50},[44,93990,55],{"class":54},[44,93992,53441],{"class":105},[44,93994,93],{"class":58},[44,93996,1508],{"class":62},[44,93998,99],{"class":58},[44,94000,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94002,106],{"class":105},[44,94004,93],{"class":58},[44,94006,59874],{"class":89},[44,94008,3270],{"class":58},[44,94010,63],{"class":62},[44,94012,677],{"class":58},[20,94014,118],{},[35,94016,94017],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94018,94019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94020,94021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94022,46288],{"class":62},[693,94024,4532,94026,94028],{"id":94025},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94027,93726],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94030,94031,94032,94035],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94033,94034],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[693,94037,94039,94040,94042],{"id":94038},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94041,35565],{}," to a list?",[20,94044,94045],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,94047,1279],{"id":1278},[165,94049,94050,94056,94062,94069,94075],{},[168,94051,94052],{},[184,94053,2945,94054,2878],{"href":92431},[15,94055,35565],{},[168,94057,94058],{},[184,94059,2945,94060,2878],{"href":64216},[15,94061,24147],{},[168,94063,94064],{},[184,94065,2945,94066,94068],{"href":92884},[15,94067,5334],{}," loops explained",[168,94070,94071],{},[184,94072,36886,94073,35976],{"href":93250},[15,94074,35117],{},[168,94076,94077],{},[184,94078,25489,94079],{"href":34787},[15,94080,33621],{},[1304,94082,94083],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":94085},[94086,94087,94088,94090,94092,94094,94096,94097,94098,94099,94110],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":92550,"depth":80,"text":92551},{"id":92782,"depth":80,"text":94089},"What range() gives you",{"id":92995,"depth":80,"text":94091},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93120,"depth":80,"text":94093},"When to use range()",{"id":93255,"depth":80,"text":94095},"When to use list(range())",{"id":14966,"depth":80,"text":14967},{"id":93574,"depth":80,"text":93575},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":94100},[94101,94103,94105,94106,94108],{"id":93946,"depth":102,"text":94102},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93957,"depth":102,"text":94104},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":93973,"depth":102,"text":93974},{"id":94025,"depth":102,"text":94107},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94038,"depth":102,"text":94109},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92437,"description":94111},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94118,"title":94119,"body":94120,"description":95556,"extension":1334,"meta":95557,"navigation":322,"path":95558,"seo":95559,"stem":95560,"__hash__":95561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94121,"toc":95522},[94122,94128,94133,94136,94150,94153,94155,94194,94196,94209,94217,94222,94238,94241,94243,94245,94266,94283,94286,94345,94347,94366,94371,94377,94380,94414,94416,94429,94432,94477,94479,94502,94509,94515,94518,94559,94561,94575,94578,94636,94638,94653,94666,94672,94678,94743,94745,94764,94766,94784,94787,94791,94797,94799,94832,94834,94847,94857,94860,94921,94923,94944,94947,94949,94965,94970,94974,94979,94984,95040,95042,95060,95063,95108,95110,95118,95123,95127,95141,95143,95175,95177,95186,95188,95192,95201,95204,95236,95238,95250,95253,95257,95262,95303,95305,95313,95316,95339,95343,95345,95354,95357,95410,95412,95421,95425,95430,95441,95443,95452,95455,95461,95464,95470,95480,95488,95495,95497,95519],[10,94123,2945,94125,2949],{"id":94124},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94126,94127],{},"round()",[20,94129,8501,94130,94132],{},[15,94131,94127],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94134,94135],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[165,94137,94138,94144],{},[168,94139,94140,94143],{},[15,94141,94142],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[168,94145,94146,94149],{},[15,94147,94148],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94151,94152],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,94154,33],{"id":32},[35,94156,94158],{"className":37,"code":94157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94159,94160,94176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94161,94162,94164,94166,94169,94171,94174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94163,106],{"class":105},[44,94165,93],{"class":58},[44,94167,94168],{"class":105},"round",[44,94170,93],{"class":58},[44,94172,94173],{"class":62},"3.14159",[44,94175,973],{"class":58},[44,94177,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190,94192],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94179,106],{"class":105},[44,94181,93],{"class":58},[44,94183,94168],{"class":105},[44,94185,93],{"class":58},[44,94187,94173],{"class":62},[44,94189,66],{"class":58},[44,94191,69],{"class":62},[44,94193,973],{"class":58},[20,94195,118],{},[35,94197,94199],{"className":37,"code":94198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94200,94201,94205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94202,94203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94204,45988],{"class":62},[44,94206,94207],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94208,39546],{"class":62},[20,94210,148,94211,94213,94214,94216],{},[15,94212,94142],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94215,94148],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,94218,155,94220,158],{"id":94219},"what-round-does",[15,94221,94127],{},[165,94223,94224,94229,94232,94235],{},[168,94225,94226,94228],{},[15,94227,94127],{}," is a built-in Python function",[168,94230,94231],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[168,94233,94234],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[168,94236,94237],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94239,94240],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,94242,196],{"id":195},[20,94244,1531],{},[35,94246,94248],{"className":37,"code":94247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94249,94250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94251,94252,94254,94256,94258,94261,94264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94253,94168],{"class":105},[44,94255,93],{"class":58},[44,94257,1612],{"class":89},[44,94259,94260],{"class":58},"[,",[44,94262,94263],{"class":89}," ndigits",[44,94265,677],{"class":58},[165,94267,94268,94273,94278],{},[168,94269,94270,94272],{},[15,94271,1612],{}," is the value to round",[168,94274,94275,19405],{},[15,94276,94277],{},"ndigits",[168,94279,94280,94282],{},[15,94281,94277],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94284,94285],{},"Basic examples:",[35,94287,94289],{"className":37,"code":94288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94290,94291,94306,94324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94292,94293,94295,94297,94299,94301,94304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94294,106],{"class":105},[44,94296,93],{"class":58},[44,94298,94168],{"class":105},[44,94300,93],{"class":58},[44,94302,94303],{"class":62},"7.8",[44,94305,973],{"class":58},[44,94307,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320,94322],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94309,106],{"class":105},[44,94311,93],{"class":58},[44,94313,94168],{"class":105},[44,94315,93],{"class":58},[44,94317,94303],{"class":62},[44,94319,66],{"class":58},[44,94321,4874],{"class":62},[44,94323,973],{"class":58},[44,94325,94326,94328,94330,94332,94334,94337,94339,94341,94343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94327,106],{"class":105},[44,94329,93],{"class":58},[44,94331,94168],{"class":105},[44,94333,93],{"class":58},[44,94335,94336],{"class":62},"1234",[44,94338,66],{"class":58},[44,94340,1594],{"class":54},[44,94342,472],{"class":62},[44,94344,973],{"class":58},[20,94346,118],{},[35,94348,94350],{"className":37,"code":94349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94351,94352,94356,94361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94353,94354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94355,1754],{"class":62},[44,94357,94358],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94359,94360],{"class":62},"7.8\n",[44,94362,94363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94364,94365],{"class":62},"1200\n",[20,94367,94368,94369,86],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[184,94370,1792],{"href":1791},[30,94372,1123,94374,94376],{"id":94373},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94375,94127],{}," with one argument",[20,94378,94379],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,94381,94383],{"className":37,"code":94382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94384,94385,94399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94386,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94388,106],{"class":105},[44,94390,93],{"class":58},[44,94392,94168],{"class":105},[44,94394,93],{"class":58},[44,94396,1735],{"class":62},[44,94398,973],{"class":58},[44,94400,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94412],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94402,106],{"class":105},[44,94404,93],{"class":58},[44,94406,94168],{"class":105},[44,94408,93],{"class":58},[44,94410,94411],{"class":62},"4.8",[44,94413,973],{"class":58},[20,94415,118],{},[35,94417,94419],{"className":37,"code":94418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,94420,94421,94425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94422,94423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94424,48022],{"class":62},[44,94426,94427],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94428,2317],{"class":62},[20,94430,94431],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,94433,94435],{"className":37,"code":94434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94436,94437,94453,94463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94438,94439,94441,94443,94446,94448,94451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94440,1602],{"class":50},[44,94442,55],{"class":54},[44,94444,94445],{"class":105}," round",[44,94447,93],{"class":58},[44,94449,94450],{"class":62},"10.2",[44,94452,99],{"class":58},[44,94454,94455,94457,94459,94461],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94456,106],{"class":105},[44,94458,93],{"class":58},[44,94460,1637],{"class":89},[44,94462,99],{"class":58},[44,94464,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473,94475],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94466,106],{"class":105},[44,94468,93],{"class":58},[44,94470,1090],{"class":909},[44,94472,93],{"class":58},[44,94474,1637],{"class":89},[44,94476,973],{"class":58},[20,94478,118],{},[35,94480,94482],{"className":37,"code":94481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94483,94484,94488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94485,94486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94487,1749],{"class":62},[44,94489,94490,94492,94494,94496,94498,94500],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94491,2659],{"class":54},[44,94493,2662],{"class":1436},[44,94495,360],{"class":278},[44,94497,1560],{"class":282},[44,94499,351],{"class":278},[44,94501,2671],{"class":54},[20,94503,94504,94505,86],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[184,94506,2945,94507,2878],{"href":2245},[15,94508,2248],{},[30,94510,1123,94512,94514],{"id":94511},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94513,94127],{}," with decimal places",[20,94516,94517],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,94519,94521],{"className":37,"code":94520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94522,94523,94541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94524,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94535,94537,94539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94526,106],{"class":105},[44,94528,93],{"class":58},[44,94530,94168],{"class":105},[44,94532,93],{"class":58},[44,94534,94173],{"class":62},[44,94536,66],{"class":58},[44,94538,69],{"class":62},[44,94540,973],{"class":58},[44,94542,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94544,106],{"class":105},[44,94546,93],{"class":58},[44,94548,94168],{"class":105},[44,94550,93],{"class":58},[44,94552,94173],{"class":62},[44,94554,66],{"class":58},[44,94556,74],{"class":62},[44,94558,973],{"class":58},[20,94560,118],{},[35,94562,94564],{"className":37,"code":94563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94565,94566,94570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94567,94568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94569,39546],{"class":62},[44,94571,94572],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94573,94574],{"class":62},"3.142\n",[20,94576,94577],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,94579,94581],{"className":37,"code":94580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94582,94583,94592,94611,94615,94625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94584,94585,94587,94589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94586,39756],{"class":50},[44,94588,55],{"class":54},[44,94590,94591],{"class":62}," 19.9876\n",[44,94593,94594,94597,94599,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94595,94596],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,94598,55],{"class":54},[44,94600,94445],{"class":105},[44,94602,93],{"class":58},[44,94604,24516],{"class":89},[44,94606,66],{"class":58},[44,94608,69],{"class":62},[44,94610,99],{"class":58},[44,94612,94613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94614,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,94616,94617,94619,94621,94623],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,94618,106],{"class":105},[44,94620,93],{"class":58},[44,94622,24516],{"class":89},[44,94624,99],{"class":58},[44,94626,94627,94629,94631,94634],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,94628,106],{"class":105},[44,94630,93],{"class":58},[44,94632,94633],{"class":89},"rounded_price",[44,94635,99],{"class":58},[20,94637,118],{},[35,94639,94641],{"className":37,"code":94640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94642,94643,94648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94644,94645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94646,94647],{"class":62},"19.9876\n",[44,94649,94650],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94651,94652],{"class":62},"19.99\n",[20,94654,94655,94656,94659,94660,188,94662,86],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94657,94658],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[184,94661,40260],{"href":40259},[184,94663,2945,94664,2878],{"href":2251},[15,94665,2254],{},[30,94667,94669,94670],{"id":94668},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94671,94277],{},[20,94673,94674,94675,94677],{},"A negative ",[15,94676,94277],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,94679,94681],{"className":37,"code":94680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94682,94683,94703,94723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94684,94685,94687,94689,94691,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94686,106],{"class":105},[44,94688,93],{"class":58},[44,94690,94168],{"class":105},[44,94692,93],{"class":58},[44,94694,94336],{"class":62},[44,94696,66],{"class":58},[44,94698,1594],{"class":54},[44,94700,63],{"class":62},[44,94702,973],{"class":58},[44,94704,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94706,106],{"class":105},[44,94708,93],{"class":58},[44,94710,94168],{"class":105},[44,94712,93],{"class":58},[44,94714,94336],{"class":62},[44,94716,66],{"class":58},[44,94718,1594],{"class":54},[44,94720,472],{"class":62},[44,94722,973],{"class":58},[44,94724,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739,94741],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94726,106],{"class":105},[44,94728,93],{"class":58},[44,94730,94168],{"class":105},[44,94732,93],{"class":58},[44,94734,94336],{"class":62},[44,94736,66],{"class":58},[44,94738,1594],{"class":54},[44,94740,1433],{"class":62},[44,94742,973],{"class":58},[20,94744,118],{},[35,94746,94748],{"className":37,"code":94747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94749,94750,94755,94759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94751,94752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94753,94754],{"class":62},"1230\n",[44,94756,94757],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94758,94365],{"class":62},[44,94760,94761],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94762,94763],{"class":62},"1000\n",[20,94765,64953],{},[165,94767,94768,94773,94779],{},[168,94769,94770,94772],{},[15,94771,65223],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[168,94774,94775,94778],{},[15,94776,94777],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[168,94780,94781,94783],{},[15,94782,47042],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94785,94786],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,94788,94790],{"id":94789},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94792,94793,94794,86],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94795,94796],{},".5",[20,94798,4848],{},[35,94800,94802],{"className":37,"code":94801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94803,94804,94818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94805,94806,94808,94810,94812,94814,94816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94807,106],{"class":105},[44,94809,93],{"class":58},[44,94811,94168],{"class":105},[44,94813,93],{"class":58},[44,94815,40527],{"class":62},[44,94817,973],{"class":58},[44,94819,94820,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94821,106],{"class":105},[44,94823,93],{"class":58},[44,94825,94168],{"class":105},[44,94827,93],{"class":58},[44,94829,1411],{"class":62},[44,94831,973],{"class":58},[20,94833,118],{},[35,94835,94837],{"className":37,"code":94836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,94838,94839,94843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94840,94841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94842,16425],{"class":62},[44,94844,94845],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94846,48022],{"class":62},[20,94848,94849,94850,94853,94854,94856],{},"Python uses ",[116,94851,94852],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94855,94796],{}," situations.",[20,94858,94859],{},"More examples:",[35,94861,94863],{"className":37,"code":94862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94864,94865,94879,94893,94907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94866,94867,94869,94871,94873,94875,94877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94868,106],{"class":105},[44,94870,93],{"class":58},[44,94872,94168],{"class":105},[44,94874,93],{"class":58},[44,94876,40540],{"class":62},[44,94878,973],{"class":58},[44,94880,94881,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94882,106],{"class":105},[44,94884,93],{"class":58},[44,94886,94168],{"class":105},[44,94888,93],{"class":58},[44,94890,40527],{"class":62},[44,94892,973],{"class":58},[44,94894,94895,94897,94899,94901,94903,94905],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94896,106],{"class":105},[44,94898,93],{"class":58},[44,94900,94168],{"class":105},[44,94902,93],{"class":58},[44,94904,1411],{"class":62},[44,94906,973],{"class":58},[44,94908,94909,94911,94913,94915,94917,94919],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,94910,106],{"class":105},[44,94912,93],{"class":58},[44,94914,94168],{"class":105},[44,94916,93],{"class":58},[44,94918,40492],{"class":62},[44,94920,973],{"class":58},[20,94922,118],{},[35,94924,94926],{"className":37,"code":94925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94927,94928,94932,94936,94940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94929,94930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94931,16425],{"class":62},[44,94933,94934],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,94935,16425],{"class":62},[44,94937,94938],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94939,48022],{"class":62},[44,94941,94942],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,94943,48022],{"class":62},[20,94945,94946],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,94948,10089],{},[165,94950,94951,94958],{},[168,94952,94953,1505,94956],{},[15,94954,94955],{},"round(2.5)",[15,94957,472],{},[168,94959,94960,1505,94963],{},[15,94961,94962],{},"round(3.5)",[15,94964,96],{},[20,94966,2538,94967,94969],{},[15,94968,94796],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,94971,94973],{"id":94972},"return-values","Return values",[20,94975,94976,94978],{},[15,94977,94127],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,94980,40274,94981,94983],{},[116,94982,736],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,94985,94987],{"className":37,"code":94986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,94988,94989,94998,95002,95012,95030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94990,94991,94993,94995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94992,1819],{"class":50},[44,94994,55],{"class":54},[44,94996,94997],{"class":62}," 3.14159\n",[44,94999,95000],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95001,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,95003,95004,95006,95008,95010],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95005,106],{"class":105},[44,95007,93],{"class":58},[44,95009,1188],{"class":89},[44,95011,99],{"class":58},[44,95013,95014,95016,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026,95028],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,95015,106],{"class":105},[44,95017,93],{"class":58},[44,95019,94168],{"class":105},[44,95021,93],{"class":58},[44,95023,1188],{"class":89},[44,95025,66],{"class":58},[44,95027,69],{"class":62},[44,95029,973],{"class":58},[44,95031,95032,95034,95036,95038],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,95033,106],{"class":105},[44,95035,93],{"class":58},[44,95037,1188],{"class":89},[44,95039,99],{"class":58},[20,95041,118],{},[35,95043,95045],{"className":37,"code":95044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95046,95047,95052,95056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95048,95049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95050,95051],{"class":62},"3.14159\n",[44,95053,95054],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95055,39546],{"class":62},[44,95057,95058],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95059,95051],{"class":62},[20,95061,95062],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95064,95066],{"className":37,"code":95065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95067,95068,95076,95094,95098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95069,95070,95072,95074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95071,1819],{"class":50},[44,95073,55],{"class":54},[44,95075,94997],{"class":62},[44,95077,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090,95092],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95079,1819],{"class":50},[44,95081,55],{"class":54},[44,95083,94445],{"class":105},[44,95085,93],{"class":58},[44,95087,1188],{"class":89},[44,95089,66],{"class":58},[44,95091,69],{"class":62},[44,95093,99],{"class":58},[44,95095,95096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95097,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,95099,95100,95102,95104,95106],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,95101,106],{"class":105},[44,95103,93],{"class":58},[44,95105,1188],{"class":89},[44,95107,99],{"class":58},[20,95109,118],{},[35,95111,95112],{"className":37,"code":39546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95113,95114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95115,95116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95117,39546],{"class":62},[30,95119,4334,95121],{"id":95120},"when-to-use-round",[15,95122,94127],{},[20,95124,148,95125,5694],{},[15,95126,94127],{},[165,95128,95129,95132,95135,95138],{},[168,95130,95131],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[168,95133,95134],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[168,95136,95137],{},"Round values before reporting results",[168,95139,95140],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95142,4848],{},[35,95144,95146],{"className":37,"code":95145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95147,95148,95157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95149,95150,95152,95154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95151,1967],{"class":50},[44,95153,55],{"class":54},[44,95155,95156],{"class":62}," 12.67891\n",[44,95158,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167,95169,95171,95173],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95160,106],{"class":105},[44,95162,93],{"class":58},[44,95164,94168],{"class":105},[44,95166,93],{"class":58},[44,95168,1990],{"class":89},[44,95170,66],{"class":58},[44,95172,69],{"class":62},[44,95174,973],{"class":58},[20,95176,118],{},[35,95178,95180],{"className":37,"code":95179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,95181,95182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95183,95184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95185,95179],{"class":62},[30,95187,1113],{"id":1112},[20,95189,22462,95190,86],{},[15,95191,94127],{},[693,95193,1129,95195,95197,95198,95200],{"id":95194},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95196,94127],{}," to always round ",[15,95199,94796],{}," upward",[20,95202,95203],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,95205,95206],{"className":37,"code":94801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95207,95208,95222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95209,95210,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95211,106],{"class":105},[44,95213,93],{"class":58},[44,95215,94168],{"class":105},[44,95217,93],{"class":58},[44,95219,40527],{"class":62},[44,95221,973],{"class":58},[44,95223,95224,95226,95228,95230,95232,95234],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95225,106],{"class":105},[44,95227,93],{"class":58},[44,95229,94168],{"class":105},[44,95231,93],{"class":58},[44,95233,1411],{"class":62},[44,95235,973],{"class":58},[20,95237,118],{},[35,95239,95240],{"className":37,"code":94836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95241,95242,95246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95243,95244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95245,16425],{"class":62},[44,95247,95248],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95249,48022],{"class":62},[20,95251,95252],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[693,95254,95256],{"id":95255},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95258,95259,95261],{},[15,95260,94127],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,95263,95265],{"className":37,"code":95264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95266,95267,95275,95289,95293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95268,95269,95271,95273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95270,1819],{"class":50},[44,95272,55],{"class":54},[44,95274,94997],{"class":62},[44,95276,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95278,94168],{"class":105},[44,95280,93],{"class":58},[44,95282,1188],{"class":89},[44,95284,66],{"class":58},[44,95286,69],{"class":62},[44,95288,99],{"class":58},[44,95290,95291],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95292,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,95294,95295,95297,95299,95301],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,95296,106],{"class":105},[44,95298,93],{"class":58},[44,95300,1188],{"class":89},[44,95302,99],{"class":58},[20,95304,118],{},[35,95306,95307],{"className":37,"code":95051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95308,95309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95310,95311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95312,95051],{"class":62},[20,95314,95315],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,95317,95319],{"className":37,"code":95318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95320,95321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95322,95323,95325,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95324,1819],{"class":50},[44,95326,55],{"class":54},[44,95328,94445],{"class":105},[44,95330,93],{"class":58},[44,95332,1188],{"class":89},[44,95334,66],{"class":58},[44,95336,69],{"class":62},[44,95338,99],{"class":58},[693,95340,95342],{"id":95341},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95344,15769],{},[35,95346,95348],{"className":37,"code":95347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95349,95350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95351,95352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95353,95347],{"class":3034},[20,95355,95356],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,95358,95360],{"className":37,"code":95359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95361,95362,95374,95388,95392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95363,95364,95366,95368,95370,95372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95365,34054],{"class":50},[44,95367,55],{"class":54},[44,95369,290],{"class":278},[44,95371,39512],{"class":282},[44,95373,2727],{"class":278},[44,95375,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384,95386],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,95377,1589],{"class":50},[44,95379,55],{"class":54},[44,95381,39624],{"class":909},[44,95383,93],{"class":58},[44,95385,34075],{"class":89},[44,95387,99],{"class":58},[44,95389,95390],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95391,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,95393,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402,95404,95406,95408],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,95395,106],{"class":105},[44,95397,93],{"class":58},[44,95399,94168],{"class":105},[44,95401,93],{"class":58},[44,95403,1612],{"class":89},[44,95405,66],{"class":58},[44,95407,4874],{"class":62},[44,95409,973],{"class":58},[20,95411,118],{},[35,95413,95415],{"className":37,"code":95414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,95416,95417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95418,95419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95420,95414],{"class":62},[693,95422,95424],{"id":95423},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95426,95427,95429],{},[15,95428,94127],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95431,95432,95433,188,95437,86],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[184,95434,95435],{"href":2251},[15,95436,2254],{},[184,95438,95439],{"href":2245},[15,95440,2248],{},[30,95442,1235],{"id":1234},[693,95444,1239,95446,95448,95449,95451],{"id":95445},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95447,94127],{}," always round ",[15,95450,39583],{}," up?",[20,95453,95454],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[693,95456,1239,95458,95460],{"id":95457},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95459,94127],{}," change the original number?",[20,95462,95463],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[693,95465,4544,95467,95469],{"id":95466},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95468,94127],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95471,95472,95473,95475,95476,188,95478,86],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95474,94277],{}," value like ",[15,95477,65223],{},[15,95479,94777],{},[693,95481,27696,95483,95485,95486,1863],{"id":95482},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95484,94127],{}," on a string like ",[15,95487,47466],{},[20,95489,95490,95491,188,95493,86],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95492,2254],{},[15,95494,2248],{},[30,95496,1279],{"id":1278},[165,95498,95499,95505,95511,95515],{},[168,95500,95501],{},[184,95502,2945,95503,2878],{"href":2251},[15,95504,2254],{},[168,95506,95507],{},[184,95508,2945,95509,2878],{"href":2245},[15,95510,2248],{},[168,95512,95513],{},[184,95514,1792],{"href":1791},[168,95516,95517],{},[184,95518,41550],{"href":40259},[1304,95520,95521],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":95523},[95524,95525,95527,95528,95530,95532,95534,95535,95536,95538,95545,95555],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":94219,"depth":80,"text":95526},"What round() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":94373,"depth":80,"text":95529},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94511,"depth":80,"text":95531},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94668,"depth":80,"text":95533},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94789,"depth":80,"text":94790},{"id":94972,"depth":80,"text":94973},{"id":95120,"depth":80,"text":95537},"When to use round()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":95539},[95540,95542,95543,95544],{"id":95194,"depth":102,"text":95541},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95255,"depth":102,"text":95256},{"id":95341,"depth":102,"text":95342},{"id":95423,"depth":102,"text":95424},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":95546},[95547,95549,95551,95553],{"id":95445,"depth":102,"text":95548},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95457,"depth":102,"text":95550},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95466,"depth":102,"text":95552},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95482,"depth":102,"text":95554},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96644,"toc":97779},[96645,96650,96656,96663,96708,96710,96721,96726,96731,96735,96749,96754,96756,96758,96773,96775,96789,96791,96793,96858,96860,96870,96872,96890,96896,96903,96908,96982,96984,97001,97007,97012,97083,97085,97112,97129,97132,97138,97140,97147,97151,97218,97220,97235,97238,97291,97293,97301,97313,97315,97319,97324,97326,97375,97377,97385,97387,97432,97434,97444,97450,97458,97471,97477,97479,97508,97510,97528,97532,97535,97566,97568,97586,97590,97665,97667,97683,97690,97692,97697,97702,97708,97711,97715,97723,97730,97738,97740,97776],[10,96646,13,96648,18],{"id":96647},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96649,10697],{},[20,96651,96652,96655],{},[15,96653,96654],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96657,96658,96659,96662],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[116,96660,96661],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,96664,96666],{"className":37,"code":96665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96667,96668,96688,96698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96669,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96671,51],{"class":50},[44,96673,55],{"class":54},[44,96675,59],{"class":58},[44,96677,63],{"class":62},[44,96679,66],{"class":58},[44,96681,69],{"class":62},[44,96683,66],{"class":58},[44,96685,74],{"class":62},[44,96687,77],{"class":58},[44,96689,96690,96692,96694,96696],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96691,83],{"class":50},[44,96693,86],{"class":58},[44,96695,10758],{"class":89},[44,96697,913],{"class":58},[44,96699,96700,96702,96704,96706],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96701,106],{"class":105},[44,96703,93],{"class":58},[44,96705,83],{"class":89},[44,96707,99],{"class":58},[20,96709,118],{},[35,96711,96713],{"className":37,"code":96712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,96714,96715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96716,96717,96719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96718,1214],{"class":909},[44,96720,913],{"class":58},[20,96722,96723,96725],{},[15,96724,10697],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,96727,155,96729,158],{"id":96728},"what-setclear-does",[15,96730,96654],{},[20,96732,1351,96733,10788],{},[15,96734,10697],{},[165,96736,96737,96740,96742,96746],{},[168,96738,96739],{},"Removes every item from a set",[168,96741,173],{},[168,96743,10799,96744],{},[15,96745,730],{},[168,96747,96748],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96750,182,96751,70973],{},[184,96752,187],{"href":96753},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[30,96755,196],{"id":195},[20,96757,53818],{},[35,96759,96761],{"className":37,"code":96760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96762,96763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96764,96765,96767,96769,96771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96766,206],{"class":50},[44,96768,86],{"class":58},[44,96770,10758],{"class":89},[44,96772,913],{"class":58},[20,96774,12425],{},[165,96776,96777,96780,96783,96786],{},[168,96778,96779],{},"It takes no arguments",[168,96781,96782],{},"It empties the set",[168,96784,96785],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[168,96787,96788],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,96790,258],{"id":257},[20,96792,261],{},[35,96794,96796],{"className":37,"code":96795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96797,96798,96830,96834,96844,96848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96799,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96801,271],{"class":50},[44,96803,55],{"class":54},[44,96805,59],{"class":58},[44,96807,279],{"class":278},[44,96809,283],{"class":282},[44,96811,279],{"class":278},[44,96813,66],{"class":58},[44,96815,290],{"class":278},[44,96817,313],{"class":282},[44,96819,279],{"class":278},[44,96821,66],{"class":58},[44,96823,290],{"class":278},[44,96825,293],{"class":282},[44,96827,279],{"class":278},[44,96829,77],{"class":58},[44,96831,96832],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96833,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,96835,96836,96838,96840,96842],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96837,302],{"class":50},[44,96839,86],{"class":58},[44,96841,10758],{"class":89},[44,96843,913],{"class":58},[44,96845,96846],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,96847,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,96849,96850,96852,96854,96856],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,96851,106],{"class":105},[44,96853,93],{"class":58},[44,96855,302],{"class":89},[44,96857,99],{"class":58},[20,96859,118],{},[35,96861,96862],{"className":37,"code":96712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96863,96864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96865,96866,96868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96867,1214],{"class":909},[44,96869,913],{"class":58},[20,96871,11056],{},[165,96873,96874,96879,96884],{},[168,96875,96876,96878],{},[15,96877,302],{}," starts with three values",[168,96880,96881,11069],{},[15,96882,96883],{},"colors.clear()",[168,96885,96886,96887,96889],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,96888,3167],{},", which means an empty set",[30,96891,96893,96895],{"id":96892},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,96894,10697],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,96897,96898,3766,96900,96902],{},[15,96899,10697],{},[15,96901,3167],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[693,96904,1123,96906],{"id":96905},"using-clear",[15,96907,10697],{},[35,96909,96911],{"className":37,"code":96910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,96912,96913,96933,96943,96947,96957,96961,96971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96914,96915,96917,96919,96921,96923,96925,96927,96929,96931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96916,904],{"class":50},[44,96918,55],{"class":54},[44,96920,59],{"class":58},[44,96922,63],{"class":62},[44,96924,66],{"class":58},[44,96926,69],{"class":62},[44,96928,66],{"class":58},[44,96930,74],{"class":62},[44,96932,77],{"class":58},[44,96934,96935,96938,96940],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96936,96937],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,96939,55],{"class":54},[44,96941,96942],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,96944,96945],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96946,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,96948,96949,96951,96953,96955],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,96950,922],{"class":50},[44,96952,86],{"class":58},[44,96954,10758],{"class":89},[44,96956,913],{"class":58},[44,96958,96959],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,96960,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,96962,96963,96965,96967,96969],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,96964,106],{"class":105},[44,96966,93],{"class":58},[44,96968,922],{"class":89},[44,96970,99],{"class":58},[44,96972,96973,96975,96977,96980],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,96974,106],{"class":105},[44,96976,93],{"class":58},[44,96978,96979],{"class":89},"other_name",[44,96981,99],{"class":58},[20,96983,118],{},[35,96985,96987],{"className":37,"code":96986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,96988,96989,96995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96990,96991,96993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96992,1214],{"class":909},[44,96994,913],{"class":58},[44,96996,96997,96999],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,96998,1214],{"class":909},[44,97000,913],{"class":58},[20,97002,97003,97004,86],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[116,97005,97006],{},"same set object",[693,97008,1123,97010],{"id":97009},"using-set",[15,97011,3167],{},[35,97013,97015],{"className":37,"code":97014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97016,97017,97037,97045,97049,97059,97063,97073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97018,97019,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031,97033,97035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97020,904],{"class":50},[44,97022,55],{"class":54},[44,97024,59],{"class":58},[44,97026,63],{"class":62},[44,97028,66],{"class":58},[44,97030,69],{"class":62},[44,97032,66],{"class":58},[44,97034,74],{"class":62},[44,97036,77],{"class":58},[44,97038,97039,97041,97043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97040,96937],{"class":50},[44,97042,55],{"class":54},[44,97044,96942],{"class":50},[44,97046,97047],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97048,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,97050,97051,97053,97055,97057],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,97052,904],{"class":50},[44,97054,55],{"class":54},[44,97056,910],{"class":909},[44,97058,913],{"class":58},[44,97060,97061],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,97062,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,97064,97065,97067,97069,97071],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,97066,106],{"class":105},[44,97068,93],{"class":58},[44,97070,922],{"class":89},[44,97072,99],{"class":58},[44,97074,97075,97077,97079,97081],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,97076,106],{"class":105},[44,97078,93],{"class":58},[44,97080,96979],{"class":89},[44,97082,99],{"class":58},[20,97084,118],{},[35,97086,97088],{"className":37,"code":97087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97089,97090,97096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97091,97092,97094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97093,1214],{"class":909},[44,97095,913],{"class":58},[44,97097,97098,97100,97102,97104,97106,97108,97110],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97099,128],{"class":58},[44,97101,63],{"class":62},[44,97103,66],{"class":58},[44,97105,69],{"class":62},[44,97107,66],{"class":58},[44,97109,74],{"class":62},[44,97111,77],{"class":58},[20,97113,20137,97114,92462,97117,97120,97121,86,97123,97125,97126,97128],{},[15,97115,97116],{},"items = set()",[116,97118,97119],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97122,922],{},[9223,97124],{},"\nBut ",[15,97127,96979],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97130,97131],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97133,97134,97135,86],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[184,97136,192],{"href":97137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,97139,722],{"id":721},[20,97141,97142,13425,97144,97146],{},[15,97143,10697],{},[116,97145,736],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97148,4522,97149,86],{},[15,97150,730],{},[35,97152,97154],{"className":37,"code":97153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97155,97156,97176,97180,97194,97198,97208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97157,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166,97168,97170,97172,97174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97159,51],{"class":50},[44,97161,55],{"class":54},[44,97163,59],{"class":58},[44,97165,63],{"class":62},[44,97167,66],{"class":58},[44,97169,69],{"class":62},[44,97171,66],{"class":58},[44,97173,74],{"class":62},[44,97175,77],{"class":58},[44,97177,97178],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97179,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,97181,97182,97184,97186,97188,97190,97192],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97183,1602],{"class":50},[44,97185,55],{"class":54},[44,97187,3635],{"class":50},[44,97189,86],{"class":58},[44,97191,10758],{"class":89},[44,97193,913],{"class":58},[44,97195,97196],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,97197,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,97199,97200,97202,97204,97206],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,97201,106],{"class":105},[44,97203,93],{"class":58},[44,97205,1637],{"class":89},[44,97207,99],{"class":58},[44,97209,97210,97212,97214,97216],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,97211,106],{"class":105},[44,97213,93],{"class":58},[44,97215,83],{"class":89},[44,97217,99],{"class":58},[20,97219,118],{},[35,97221,97223],{"className":37,"code":97222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,97224,97225,97229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97226,97227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97228,864],{"class":871},[44,97230,97231,97233],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97232,1214],{"class":909},[44,97234,913],{"class":58},[20,97236,97237],{},"Do not do this:",[35,97239,97241],{"className":37,"code":97240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97242,97243,97263,97277,97281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97244,97245,97247,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259,97261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97246,51],{"class":50},[44,97248,55],{"class":54},[44,97250,59],{"class":58},[44,97252,63],{"class":62},[44,97254,66],{"class":58},[44,97256,69],{"class":62},[44,97258,66],{"class":58},[44,97260,74],{"class":62},[44,97262,77],{"class":58},[44,97264,97265,97267,97269,97271,97273,97275],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97266,51],{"class":50},[44,97268,55],{"class":54},[44,97270,3635],{"class":50},[44,97272,86],{"class":58},[44,97274,10758],{"class":89},[44,97276,913],{"class":58},[44,97278,97279],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97280,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,97282,97283,97285,97287,97289],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,97284,106],{"class":105},[44,97286,93],{"class":58},[44,97288,83],{"class":89},[44,97290,99],{"class":58},[20,97292,118],{},[35,97294,97295],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97296,97297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97298,97299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97300,864],{"class":871},[20,97302,21556,97303,727,97305,97307,97308,97310,97311,86],{},[15,97304,53931],{},[15,97306,730],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97309,730],{}," back to ",[15,97312,83],{},[30,97314,3892],{"id":3891},[20,97316,10123,97317,86],{},[15,97318,96654],{},[693,97320,11967,97322],{"id":97321},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97323,10697],{},[20,97325,16012],{},[35,97327,97329],{"className":37,"code":97328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97330,97331,97351,97365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97332,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97334,751],{"class":50},[44,97336,55],{"class":54},[44,97338,59],{"class":58},[44,97340,63],{"class":62},[44,97342,66],{"class":58},[44,97344,69],{"class":62},[44,97346,66],{"class":58},[44,97348,74],{"class":62},[44,97350,77],{"class":58},[44,97352,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97354,751],{"class":50},[44,97356,55],{"class":54},[44,97358,833],{"class":50},[44,97360,86],{"class":58},[44,97362,10758],{"class":89},[44,97364,913],{"class":58},[44,97366,97367,97369,97371,97373],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97368,106],{"class":105},[44,97370,93],{"class":58},[44,97372,206],{"class":89},[44,97374,99],{"class":58},[20,97376,118],{},[35,97378,97379],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97380,97381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97382,97383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97384,864],{"class":871},[20,97386,16024],{},[35,97388,97390],{"className":37,"code":97389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97391,97392,97412,97422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97393,97394,97396,97398,97400,97402,97404,97406,97408,97410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97395,751],{"class":50},[44,97397,55],{"class":54},[44,97399,59],{"class":58},[44,97401,63],{"class":62},[44,97403,66],{"class":58},[44,97405,69],{"class":62},[44,97407,66],{"class":58},[44,97409,74],{"class":62},[44,97411,77],{"class":58},[44,97413,97414,97416,97418,97420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97415,206],{"class":50},[44,97417,86],{"class":58},[44,97419,10758],{"class":89},[44,97421,913],{"class":58},[44,97423,97424,97426,97428,97430],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97425,106],{"class":105},[44,97427,93],{"class":58},[44,97429,206],{"class":89},[44,97431,99],{"class":58},[20,97433,118],{},[35,97435,97436],{"className":37,"code":96712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97437,97438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97439,97440,97442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97441,1214],{"class":909},[44,97443,913],{"class":58},[693,97445,1129,97447,97449],{"id":97446},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97448,10697],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97451,97452,97454,97455,97457],{},[15,97453,10697],{}," removes ",[116,97456,3086],{}," items from the set.",[20,97459,97460,97461,188,97466,86],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[184,97462,97464],{"href":97463},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97465,54900],{},[184,97467,97469],{"href":97468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97470,12135],{},[693,97472,1123,97474,97476],{"id":97473},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97475,3162],{}," for an empty set",[20,97478,25057],{},[35,97480,97482],{"className":37,"code":97481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97483,97484,97493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97485,97486,97489,97491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97487,97488],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,97490,55],{"class":54},[44,97492,9215],{"class":58},[44,97494,97495,97497,97499,97501,97503,97506],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97496,106],{"class":105},[44,97498,93],{"class":58},[44,97500,1090],{"class":909},[44,97502,93],{"class":58},[44,97504,97505],{"class":89},"empty_value",[44,97507,973],{"class":58},[20,97509,118],{},[35,97511,97512],{"className":37,"code":8186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97513,97514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97515,97516,97518,97520,97522,97524,97526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97517,2659],{"class":54},[44,97519,2662],{"class":1436},[44,97521,360],{"class":278},[44,97523,8199],{"class":282},[44,97525,351],{"class":278},[44,97527,2671],{"class":54},[20,97529,97530,8166],{},[15,97531,3162],{},[20,97533,97534],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,97536,97538],{"className":37,"code":97537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97539,97540,97551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97541,97542,97545,97547,97549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97543,97544],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,97546,55],{"class":54},[44,97548,910],{"class":909},[44,97550,913],{"class":58},[44,97552,97553,97555,97557,97559,97561,97564],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97554,106],{"class":105},[44,97556,93],{"class":58},[44,97558,1090],{"class":909},[44,97560,93],{"class":58},[44,97562,97563],{"class":89},"empty_set",[44,97565,973],{"class":58},[20,97567,118],{},[35,97569,97570],{"className":37,"code":8230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97571,97572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97573,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97575,2659],{"class":54},[44,97577,2662],{"class":1436},[44,97579,360],{"class":278},[44,97581,1214],{"class":282},[44,97583,351],{"class":278},[44,97585,2671],{"class":54},[693,97587,97589],{"id":97588},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,97591,97593],{"className":37,"code":97592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97594,97595,97619,97627,97631,97641,97645,97655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97596,97597,97599,97601,97603,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97598,1925],{"class":50},[44,97600,55],{"class":54},[44,97602,59],{"class":58},[44,97604,279],{"class":278},[44,97606,1545],{"class":282},[44,97608,279],{"class":278},[44,97610,66],{"class":58},[44,97612,290],{"class":278},[44,97614,11118],{"class":282},[44,97616,279],{"class":278},[44,97618,77],{"class":58},[44,97620,97621,97623,97625],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97622,1953],{"class":50},[44,97624,55],{"class":54},[44,97626,35542],{"class":50},[44,97628,97629],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97630,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,97632,97633,97635,97637,97639],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,97634,184],{"class":50},[44,97636,86],{"class":58},[44,97638,10758],{"class":89},[44,97640,913],{"class":58},[44,97642,97643],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,97644,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,97646,97647,97649,97651,97653],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,97648,106],{"class":105},[44,97650,93],{"class":58},[44,97652,184],{"class":89},[44,97654,99],{"class":58},[44,97656,97657,97659,97661,97663],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,97658,106],{"class":105},[44,97660,93],{"class":58},[44,97662,563],{"class":89},[44,97664,99],{"class":58},[20,97666,118],{},[35,97668,97669],{"className":37,"code":96986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97670,97671,97677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97672,97673,97675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97674,1214],{"class":909},[44,97676,913],{"class":58},[44,97678,97679,97681],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97680,1214],{"class":909},[44,97682,913],{"class":58},[20,97684,28429,97685,3766,97687,97689],{},[15,97686,184],{},[15,97688,563],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,97691,1235],{"id":1234},[693,97693,4516,97695,4519],{"id":97694},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97696,96654],{},[20,97698,4522,97699,97701],{},[15,97700,730],{},". It empties the set in place.",[693,97703,1239,97705,97707],{"id":97704},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97706,10697],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97709,97710],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[693,97712,97714],{"id":97713},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97716,97717,97718,97720,97721,86],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97719,10697],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97722,3167],{},[693,97724,4554,97726,3766,97728,1863],{"id":97725},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97727,10697],{},[15,97729,3167],{},[20,97731,97732,97734,97735,97737],{},[15,97733,10697],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97736,3167],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,97739,1279],{"id":1278},[165,97741,97742,97746,97750,97757,97763,97769],{},[168,97743,97744],{},[184,97745,187],{"href":96753},[168,97747,97748],{},[184,97749,1290],{"href":97137},[168,97751,97752],{},[184,97753,715,97755,718],{"href":97754},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97756,17],{},[168,97758,97759],{},[184,97760,715,97761,718],{"href":97463},[15,97762,54900],{},[168,97764,97765],{},[184,97766,715,97767,718],{"href":97468},[15,97768,12135],{},[168,97770,97771],{},[184,97772,715,97774,718],{"href":97773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97775,528],{},[1304,97777,97778],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":97780},[97781,97783,97784,97785,97792,97793,97802,97811],{"id":96728,"depth":80,"text":97782},"What set.clear() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":96892,"depth":80,"text":97786,"children":97787},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97788,97790],{"id":96905,"depth":102,"text":97789},"Using clear()",{"id":97009,"depth":102,"text":97791},"Using set()",{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":97794},[97795,97797,97799,97801],{"id":97321,"depth":102,"text":97796},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97446,"depth":102,"text":97798},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97473,"depth":102,"text":97800},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97588,"depth":102,"text":97589},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":97803},[97804,97806,97808,97809],{"id":97694,"depth":102,"text":97805},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97704,"depth":102,"text":97807},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97713,"depth":102,"text":97714},{"id":97725,"depth":102,"text":97810},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96642,"description":97812},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97819,"title":97820,"body":97821,"description":99653,"extension":1334,"meta":99654,"navigation":322,"path":191,"seo":99655,"stem":99656,"__hash__":99657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97822,"toc":99610},[97823,97826,97829,97832,97834,97937,97941,97988,97994,97996,98015,98019,98022,98024,98038,98047,98051,98054,98089,98093,98113,98116,98120,98123,98184,98188,98213,98220,98226,98231,98233,98245,98249,98298,98302,98326,98333,98337,98378,98382,98403,98407,98440,98444,98485,98488,98492,98497,98536,98540,98565,98570,98576,98613,98617,98640,98644,98646,98649,98652,98729,98733,98770,98773,98777,98783,98786,98796,98845,98851,98857,98884,98887,98909,98911,98942,98945,98949,98953,98992,98996,99059,99062,99095,99099,99124,99126,99129,99135,99138,99165,99168,99186,99190,99194,99197,99240,99243,99247,99250,99253,99283,99286,99290,99293,99308,99313,99317,99320,99409,99411,99414,99504,99507,99525,99527,99531,99541,99545,99553,99557,99560,99564,99567,99571,99574,99576,99604,99607],[10,97824,97820],{"id":97825},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97827,97828],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,97830,97831],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,97833,2978],{"id":2977},[35,97835,97837],{"className":37,"code":97836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,97838,97839,97859,97893,97903,97907,97917,97927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97840,97841,97843,97845,97847,97849,97851,97853,97855,97857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97842,51],{"class":50},[44,97844,55],{"class":54},[44,97846,59],{"class":58},[44,97848,63],{"class":62},[44,97850,66],{"class":58},[44,97852,69],{"class":62},[44,97854,66],{"class":58},[44,97856,74],{"class":62},[44,97858,77],{"class":58},[44,97860,97861,97863,97865,97867,97869,97871,97873,97875,97877,97879,97881,97883,97885,97887,97889,97891],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97862,3441],{"class":50},[44,97864,55],{"class":54},[44,97866,910],{"class":909},[44,97868,650],{"class":58},[44,97870,279],{"class":278},[44,97872,3450],{"class":282},[44,97874,279],{"class":278},[44,97876,66],{"class":58},[44,97878,290],{"class":278},[44,97880,3459],{"class":282},[44,97882,279],{"class":278},[44,97884,66],{"class":58},[44,97886,290],{"class":278},[44,97888,3450],{"class":282},[44,97890,279],{"class":278},[44,97892,677],{"class":58},[44,97894,97895,97897,97899,97901],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97896,97544],{"class":50},[44,97898,55],{"class":54},[44,97900,910],{"class":909},[44,97902,913],{"class":58},[44,97904,97905],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,97906,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,97908,97909,97911,97913,97915],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,97910,106],{"class":105},[44,97912,93],{"class":58},[44,97914,83],{"class":89},[44,97916,99],{"class":58},[44,97918,97919,97921,97923,97925],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,97920,106],{"class":105},[44,97922,93],{"class":58},[44,97924,3485],{"class":89},[44,97926,99],{"class":58},[44,97928,97929,97931,97933,97935],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,97930,106],{"class":105},[44,97932,93],{"class":58},[44,97934,97563],{"class":89},[44,97936,99],{"class":58},[20,97938,97939],{},[116,97940,118],{},[35,97942,97944],{"className":37,"code":97943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,97945,97946,97962,97982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97947,97948,97950,97952,97954,97956,97958,97960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97949,128],{"class":58},[44,97951,63],{"class":62},[44,97953,66],{"class":58},[44,97955,69],{"class":62},[44,97957,66],{"class":58},[44,97959,74],{"class":62},[44,97961,77],{"class":58},[44,97963,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,97965,128],{"class":58},[44,97967,351],{"class":278},[44,97969,3459],{"class":282},[44,97971,351],{"class":278},[44,97973,66],{"class":58},[44,97975,360],{"class":278},[44,97977,3450],{"class":282},[44,97979,351],{"class":278},[44,97981,77],{"class":58},[44,97983,97984,97986],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97985,1214],{"class":909},[44,97987,913],{"class":58},[20,97989,97990,97991,97993],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,97992,3167],{}," for an empty set.",[30,97995,14533],{"id":14532},[165,97997,97998,98001,98006,98009,98012],{},[168,97999,98000],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[168,98002,98003,98004],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98005,3167],{},[168,98007,98008],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[168,98010,98011],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[168,98013,98014],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,98016,98018],{"id":98017},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98020,98021],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98023,29905],{},[165,98025,98026,98029,98032,98035],{},[168,98027,98028],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[168,98030,98031],{},"Sets are unordered",[168,98033,98034],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[168,98036,98037],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98039,98040,98041,188,98043,86],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[184,98042,187],{"href":96753},[184,98044,98046],{"href":98045},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,98048,98050],{"id":98049},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98052,98053],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,98055,98057],{"className":37,"code":98056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98058,98059,98079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98060,98061,98063,98065,98067,98069,98071,98073,98075,98077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98062,51],{"class":50},[44,98064,55],{"class":54},[44,98066,59],{"class":58},[44,98068,63],{"class":62},[44,98070,66],{"class":58},[44,98072,69],{"class":62},[44,98074,66],{"class":58},[44,98076,74],{"class":62},[44,98078,77],{"class":58},[44,98080,98081,98083,98085,98087],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98082,106],{"class":105},[44,98084,93],{"class":58},[44,98086,83],{"class":89},[44,98088,99],{"class":58},[20,98090,98091],{},[116,98092,339],{},[35,98094,98095],{"className":37,"code":495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98096,98097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98098,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98100,128],{"class":58},[44,98102,63],{"class":62},[44,98104,66],{"class":58},[44,98106,69],{"class":62},[44,98108,66],{"class":58},[44,98110,74],{"class":62},[44,98112,77],{"class":58},[20,98114,98115],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[693,98117,98119],{"id":98118},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98121,98122],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,98124,98126],{"className":37,"code":98125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98127,98128,98160,98170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98129,98130,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152,98154,98156,98158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98131,51],{"class":50},[44,98133,55],{"class":54},[44,98135,59],{"class":58},[44,98137,63],{"class":62},[44,98139,66],{"class":58},[44,98141,69],{"class":62},[44,98143,66],{"class":58},[44,98145,69],{"class":62},[44,98147,66],{"class":58},[44,98149,74],{"class":62},[44,98151,66],{"class":58},[44,98153,74],{"class":62},[44,98155,66],{"class":58},[44,98157,74],{"class":62},[44,98159,77],{"class":58},[44,98161,98162,98164,98166,98168],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98163,106],{"class":105},[44,98165,93],{"class":58},[44,98167,83],{"class":89},[44,98169,99],{"class":58},[44,98171,98172,98174,98176,98178,98180,98182],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98173,106],{"class":105},[44,98175,93],{"class":58},[44,98177,10537],{"class":105},[44,98179,93],{"class":58},[44,98181,83],{"class":89},[44,98183,973],{"class":58},[20,98185,98186],{},[116,98187,339],{},[35,98189,98191],{"className":37,"code":98190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98192,98193,98209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98194,98195,98197,98199,98201,98203,98205,98207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98196,128],{"class":58},[44,98198,63],{"class":62},[44,98200,66],{"class":58},[44,98202,69],{"class":62},[44,98204,66],{"class":58},[44,98206,74],{"class":62},[44,98208,77],{"class":58},[44,98210,98211],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98212,45988],{"class":62},[20,98214,20344,98215,3766,98217,98219],{},[15,98216,472],{},[15,98218,1433],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,98221,98223,98224],{"id":98222},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98225,3167],{},[20,98227,148,98228,98230],{},[15,98229,3167],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98232,4833],{},[165,98234,98235,98237,98239,98241],{},[168,98236,1013],{},[168,98238,251],{},[168,98240,248],{},[168,98242,98243],{},[15,98244,35565],{},[693,98246,98248],{"id":98247},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,98250,98252],{"className":37,"code":98251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98253,98254,98288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98255,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280,98282,98284,98286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98257,51],{"class":50},[44,98259,55],{"class":54},[44,98261,910],{"class":909},[44,98263,650],{"class":58},[44,98265,63],{"class":62},[44,98267,66],{"class":58},[44,98269,69],{"class":62},[44,98271,66],{"class":58},[44,98273,69],{"class":62},[44,98275,66],{"class":58},[44,98277,74],{"class":62},[44,98279,66],{"class":58},[44,98281,74],{"class":62},[44,98283,66],{"class":58},[44,98285,143],{"class":62},[44,98287,677],{"class":58},[44,98289,98290,98292,98294,98296],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98291,106],{"class":105},[44,98293,93],{"class":58},[44,98295,83],{"class":89},[44,98297,99],{"class":58},[20,98299,98300],{},[116,98301,339],{},[35,98303,98304],{"className":37,"code":121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98305,98306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98307,98308,98310,98312,98314,98316,98318,98320,98322,98324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98309,128],{"class":58},[44,98311,63],{"class":62},[44,98313,66],{"class":58},[44,98315,69],{"class":62},[44,98317,66],{"class":58},[44,98319,74],{"class":62},[44,98321,66],{"class":58},[44,98323,143],{"class":62},[44,98325,77],{"class":58},[20,98327,98328,98329,86],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[184,98330,98332],{"href":98331},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[693,98334,98336],{"id":98335},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,98338,98340],{"className":37,"code":98339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98341,98342,98368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98343,98344,98346,98348,98350,98352,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98345,3193],{"class":50},[44,98347,55],{"class":54},[44,98349,910],{"class":909},[44,98351,964],{"class":58},[44,98353,931],{"class":62},[44,98355,66],{"class":58},[44,98357,7168],{"class":62},[44,98359,66],{"class":58},[44,98361,7168],{"class":62},[44,98363,66],{"class":58},[44,98365,7173],{"class":62},[44,98367,973],{"class":58},[44,98369,98370,98372,98374,98376],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98371,106],{"class":105},[44,98373,93],{"class":58},[44,98375,4734],{"class":89},[44,98377,99],{"class":58},[20,98379,98380],{},[116,98381,339],{},[35,98383,98385],{"className":37,"code":98384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98386,98387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98388,98389,98391,98393,98395,98397,98399,98401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98390,128],{"class":58},[44,98392,931],{"class":62},[44,98394,66],{"class":58},[44,98396,7168],{"class":62},[44,98398,66],{"class":58},[44,98400,7173],{"class":62},[44,98402,77],{"class":58},[693,98404,98406],{"id":98405},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,98408,98410],{"className":37,"code":98409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98411,98412,98430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98413,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98415,546],{"class":50},[44,98417,55],{"class":54},[44,98419,910],{"class":909},[44,98421,93],{"class":58},[44,98423,279],{"class":278},[44,98425,948],{"class":282},[44,98427,279],{"class":278},[44,98429,99],{"class":58},[44,98431,98432,98434,98436,98438],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98433,106],{"class":105},[44,98435,93],{"class":58},[44,98437,572],{"class":89},[44,98439,99],{"class":58},[20,98441,98442],{},[116,98443,339],{},[35,98445,98447],{"className":37,"code":98446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98448,98449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98450,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98452,128],{"class":58},[44,98454,351],{"class":278},[44,98456,59808],{"class":282},[44,98458,351],{"class":278},[44,98460,66],{"class":58},[44,98462,360],{"class":278},[44,98464,672],{"class":282},[44,98466,351],{"class":278},[44,98468,66],{"class":58},[44,98470,360],{"class":278},[44,98472,59825],{"class":282},[44,98474,351],{"class":278},[44,98476,66],{"class":58},[44,98478,360],{"class":278},[44,98480,59842],{"class":282},[44,98482,351],{"class":278},[44,98484,77],{"class":58},[20,98486,98487],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,98489,98491],{"id":98490},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98493,98494,98495,86],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98496,3167],{},[35,98498,98500],{"className":37,"code":98499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98501,98502,98512,98522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98503,98504,98506,98508,98510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98505,97544],{"class":50},[44,98507,55],{"class":54},[44,98509,910],{"class":909},[44,98511,913],{"class":58},[44,98513,98514,98516,98518,98520],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98515,106],{"class":105},[44,98517,93],{"class":58},[44,98519,97563],{"class":89},[44,98521,99],{"class":58},[44,98523,98524,98526,98528,98530,98532,98534],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98525,106],{"class":105},[44,98527,93],{"class":58},[44,98529,1090],{"class":909},[44,98531,93],{"class":58},[44,98533,97563],{"class":89},[44,98535,973],{"class":58},[20,98537,98538],{},[116,98539,118],{},[35,98541,98543],{"className":37,"code":98542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98544,98545,98551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98546,98547,98549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98548,1214],{"class":909},[44,98550,913],{"class":58},[44,98552,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98554,2659],{"class":54},[44,98556,2662],{"class":1436},[44,98558,360],{"class":278},[44,98560,1214],{"class":282},[44,98562,351],{"class":278},[44,98564,2671],{"class":54},[693,98566,43799,98568],{"id":98567},"do-not-use",[15,98569,3162],{},[20,98571,98572,98573,98575],{},"Empty braces do ",[116,98574,736],{}," create a set.",[35,98577,98579],{"className":37,"code":98578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98580,98581,98589,98599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98582,98583,98585,98587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98584,97488],{"class":50},[44,98586,55],{"class":54},[44,98588,9215],{"class":58},[44,98590,98591,98593,98595,98597],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98592,106],{"class":105},[44,98594,93],{"class":58},[44,98596,97505],{"class":89},[44,98598,99],{"class":58},[44,98600,98601,98603,98605,98607,98609,98611],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98602,106],{"class":105},[44,98604,93],{"class":58},[44,98606,1090],{"class":909},[44,98608,93],{"class":58},[44,98610,97505],{"class":89},[44,98612,973],{"class":58},[20,98614,98615],{},[116,98616,118],{},[35,98618,98620],{"className":37,"code":98619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98621,98622,98626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98623,98624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98625,8812],{"class":58},[44,98627,98628,98630,98632,98634,98636,98638],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98629,2659],{"class":54},[44,98631,2662],{"class":1436},[44,98633,360],{"class":278},[44,98635,8199],{"class":282},[44,98637,351],{"class":278},[44,98639,2671],{"class":54},[20,98641,98642,8166],{},[15,98643,3162],{},[30,98645,71637],{"id":71636},[20,98647,98648],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98650,98651],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,98653,98655],{"className":37,"code":98654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98656,98657,98705,98715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98658,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98660,3441],{"class":50},[44,98662,55],{"class":54},[44,98664,59],{"class":58},[44,98666,279],{"class":278},[44,98668,3450],{"class":282},[44,98670,279],{"class":278},[44,98672,66],{"class":58},[44,98674,290],{"class":278},[44,98676,3459],{"class":282},[44,98678,279],{"class":278},[44,98680,66],{"class":58},[44,98682,290],{"class":278},[44,98684,3450],{"class":282},[44,98686,279],{"class":278},[44,98688,66],{"class":58},[44,98690,290],{"class":278},[44,98692,3450],{"class":282},[44,98694,279],{"class":278},[44,98696,66],{"class":58},[44,98698,290],{"class":278},[44,98700,32586],{"class":282},[44,98702,279],{"class":278},[44,98704,77],{"class":58},[44,98706,98707,98709,98711,98713],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98708,106],{"class":105},[44,98710,93],{"class":58},[44,98712,3485],{"class":89},[44,98714,99],{"class":58},[44,98716,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98718,106],{"class":105},[44,98720,93],{"class":58},[44,98722,10537],{"class":105},[44,98724,93],{"class":58},[44,98726,3485],{"class":89},[44,98728,973],{"class":58},[20,98730,98731],{},[116,98732,339],{},[35,98734,98736],{"className":37,"code":98735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98737,98738,98766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98739,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98741,128],{"class":58},[44,98743,351],{"class":278},[44,98745,3459],{"class":282},[44,98747,351],{"class":278},[44,98749,66],{"class":58},[44,98751,360],{"class":278},[44,98753,32586],{"class":282},[44,98755,351],{"class":278},[44,98757,66],{"class":58},[44,98759,360],{"class":278},[44,98761,3450],{"class":282},[44,98763,351],{"class":278},[44,98765,77],{"class":58},[44,98767,98768],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98769,45988],{"class":62},[20,98771,98772],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,98774,98776],{"id":98775},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98778,98779,98780,98782],{},"Set items must be ",[116,98781,237],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98784,98785],{},"These usually work:",[165,98787,98788,98790,98792,98794],{},[168,98789,245],{},[168,98791,248],{},[168,98793,251],{},[168,98795,254],{},[35,98797,98799],{"className":37,"code":98798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98800,98801,98835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98802,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98804,3193],{"class":50},[44,98806,55],{"class":54},[44,98808,59],{"class":58},[44,98810,63],{"class":62},[44,98812,66],{"class":58},[44,98814,290],{"class":278},[44,98816,3450],{"class":282},[44,98818,279],{"class":278},[44,98820,66],{"class":58},[44,98822,8615],{"class":58},[44,98824,931],{"class":62},[44,98826,66],{"class":58},[44,98828,7168],{"class":62},[44,98830,8612],{"class":58},[44,98832,3286],{"class":871},[44,98834,77],{"class":58},[44,98836,98837,98839,98841,98843],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98838,106],{"class":105},[44,98840,93],{"class":58},[44,98842,4734],{"class":89},[44,98844,99],{"class":58},[20,98846,98847,98848,98850],{},"These do ",[116,98849,736],{}," work directly:",[165,98852,98853,98855],{},[168,98854,1013],{},[168,98856,1016],{},[35,98858,98860],{"className":37,"code":98859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,98861,98862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98863,98864,98867,98869,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98865,98866],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,98868,55],{"class":54},[44,98870,98871],{"class":58}," {[",[44,98873,63],{"class":62},[44,98875,66],{"class":58},[44,98877,69],{"class":62},[44,98879,66],{"class":58},[44,98881,74],{"class":62},[44,98883,13077],{"class":58},[20,98885,98886],{},"This raises an error:",[35,98888,98889],{"className":37,"code":1074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98890,98891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98892,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98894,1081],{"class":909},[44,98896,1084],{"class":58},[44,98898,1087],{"class":50},[44,98900,1090],{"class":909},[44,98902,1084],{"class":58},[44,98904,360],{"class":278},[44,98906,1097],{"class":282},[44,98908,1100],{"class":278},[20,98910,51453],{},[35,98912,98914],{"className":37,"code":98913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,98915,98916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98917,98918,98920,98922,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98919,98866],{"class":50},[44,98921,55],{"class":54},[44,98923,98924],{"class":58}," {{",[44,98926,279],{"class":278},[44,98928,7046],{"class":282},[44,98930,279],{"class":278},[44,98932,1084],{"class":58},[44,98934,290],{"class":278},[44,98936,7055],{"class":282},[44,98938,279],{"class":278},[44,98940,98941],{"class":58},"}}\n",[20,98943,98944],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,98946,98948],{"id":98947},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[693,98950,98952],{"id":98951},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,98954,98956],{"className":37,"code":98955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98957,98958,98982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98959,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98961,51],{"class":50},[44,98963,55],{"class":54},[44,98965,59],{"class":58},[44,98967,63],{"class":62},[44,98969,66],{"class":58},[44,98971,69],{"class":62},[44,98973,66],{"class":58},[44,98975,74],{"class":62},[44,98977,66],{"class":58},[44,98979,143],{"class":62},[44,98981,77],{"class":58},[44,98983,98984,98986,98988,98990],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,98985,106],{"class":105},[44,98987,93],{"class":58},[44,98989,83],{"class":89},[44,98991,99],{"class":58},[693,98993,98995],{"id":98994},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,98997,98999],{"className":37,"code":98998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99000,99001,99029,99044,99048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99002,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99004,904],{"class":50},[44,99006,55],{"class":54},[44,99008,2992],{"class":58},[44,99010,63],{"class":62},[44,99012,66],{"class":58},[44,99014,4874],{"class":62},[44,99016,66],{"class":58},[44,99018,69],{"class":62},[44,99020,66],{"class":58},[44,99022,74],{"class":62},[44,99024,66],{"class":58},[44,99026,74],{"class":62},[44,99028,3005],{"class":58},[44,99030,99031,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99032,99033],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,99035,55],{"class":54},[44,99037,910],{"class":909},[44,99039,93],{"class":58},[44,99041,922],{"class":89},[44,99043,99],{"class":58},[44,99045,99046],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99047,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,99049,99050,99052,99054,99057],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,99051,106],{"class":105},[44,99053,93],{"class":58},[44,99055,99056],{"class":89},"unique_items",[44,99058,99],{"class":58},[693,99060,98406],{"id":99061},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,99063,99065],{"className":37,"code":99064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99066,99067,99085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99068,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99070,546],{"class":50},[44,99072,55],{"class":54},[44,99074,910],{"class":909},[44,99076,93],{"class":58},[44,99078,279],{"class":278},[44,99080,3459],{"class":282},[44,99082,279],{"class":278},[44,99084,99],{"class":58},[44,99086,99087,99089,99091,99093],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99088,106],{"class":105},[44,99090,93],{"class":58},[44,99092,572],{"class":89},[44,99094,99],{"class":58},[693,99096,99098],{"id":99097},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,99100,99102],{"className":37,"code":99101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99103,99104,99114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99105,99106,99108,99110,99112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99107,97544],{"class":50},[44,99109,55],{"class":54},[44,99111,910],{"class":909},[44,99113,913],{"class":58},[44,99115,99116,99118,99120,99122],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99117,106],{"class":105},[44,99119,93],{"class":58},[44,99121,97563],{"class":89},[44,99123,99],{"class":58},[30,99125,1113],{"id":1112},[20,99127,99128],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[693,99130,1123,99132,99134],{"id":99131},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99133,3162],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99136,99137],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,99139,99141],{"className":37,"code":99140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99142,99143,99151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99144,99145,99147,99149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99146,1819],{"class":50},[44,99148,55],{"class":54},[44,99150,9215],{"class":58},[44,99152,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99154,106],{"class":105},[44,99156,93],{"class":58},[44,99158,1090],{"class":909},[44,99160,93],{"class":58},[44,99162,1188],{"class":89},[44,99164,973],{"class":58},[20,99166,99167],{},"This prints:",[35,99169,99170],{"className":37,"code":8186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99171,99172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99173,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99175,2659],{"class":54},[44,99177,2662],{"class":1436},[44,99179,360],{"class":278},[44,99181,8199],{"class":282},[44,99183,351],{"class":278},[44,99185,2671],{"class":54},[20,99187,148,99188,6007],{},[15,99189,3167],{},[693,99191,99193],{"id":99192},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99195,99196],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,99198,99200],{"className":37,"code":99199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99201,99202,99230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99203,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99205,51],{"class":50},[44,99207,55],{"class":54},[44,99209,59],{"class":58},[44,99211,63],{"class":62},[44,99213,66],{"class":58},[44,99215,4874],{"class":62},[44,99217,66],{"class":58},[44,99219,69],{"class":62},[44,99221,66],{"class":58},[44,99223,69],{"class":62},[44,99225,66],{"class":58},[44,99227,74],{"class":62},[44,99229,77],{"class":58},[44,99231,99232,99234,99236,99238],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99233,106],{"class":105},[44,99235,93],{"class":58},[44,99237,83],{"class":89},[44,99239,99],{"class":58},[20,99241,99242],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[693,99244,99246],{"id":99245},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99248,99249],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99251,99252],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,99254,99256],{"className":37,"code":99255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99257,99258,99278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99259,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99261,51],{"class":50},[44,99263,55],{"class":54},[44,99265,59],{"class":58},[44,99267,931],{"class":62},[44,99269,66],{"class":58},[44,99271,7168],{"class":62},[44,99273,66],{"class":58},[44,99275,7173],{"class":62},[44,99277,77],{"class":58},[44,99279,99280],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99281,99282],{"class":3034},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99284,99285],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[693,99287,99289],{"id":99288},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99291,99292],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,99294,99296],{"className":37,"code":99295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99297,99298,99303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99299,99300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99301,99302],{"class":3034},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,99304,99305],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99306,99307],{"class":3034},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99309,99310,99311,86],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99312,1081],{},[693,99314,99316],{"id":99315},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99318,99319],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,99321,99323],{"className":37,"code":99322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99324,99325,99345,99377,99381,99395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99326,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99328,751],{"class":50},[44,99330,55],{"class":54},[44,99332,59],{"class":58},[44,99334,63],{"class":62},[44,99336,66],{"class":58},[44,99338,69],{"class":62},[44,99340,66],{"class":58},[44,99342,74],{"class":62},[44,99344,77],{"class":58},[44,99346,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99348,11097],{"class":50},[44,99350,55],{"class":54},[44,99352,59],{"class":58},[44,99354,279],{"class":278},[44,99356,184],{"class":282},[44,99358,279],{"class":278},[44,99360,1084],{"class":58},[44,99362,4874],{"class":62},[44,99364,66],{"class":58},[44,99366,290],{"class":278},[44,99368,563],{"class":282},[44,99370,279],{"class":278},[44,99372,1084],{"class":58},[44,99374,69],{"class":62},[44,99376,77],{"class":58},[44,99378,99379],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99380,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,99382,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391,99393],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,99384,106],{"class":105},[44,99386,93],{"class":58},[44,99388,1090],{"class":909},[44,99390,93],{"class":58},[44,99392,206],{"class":89},[44,99394,973],{"class":58},[44,99396,99397,99399,99401,99403,99405,99407],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,99398,106],{"class":105},[44,99400,93],{"class":58},[44,99402,1090],{"class":909},[44,99404,93],{"class":58},[44,99406,10825],{"class":89},[44,99408,973],{"class":58},[30,99410,92153],{"id":92152},[20,99412,99413],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,99415,99417],{"className":37,"code":99416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99418,99419,99445,99449,99463,99473,99487,99494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99420,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99422,751],{"class":50},[44,99424,55],{"class":54},[44,99426,910],{"class":909},[44,99428,650],{"class":58},[44,99430,63],{"class":62},[44,99432,66],{"class":58},[44,99434,69],{"class":62},[44,99436,66],{"class":58},[44,99438,69],{"class":62},[44,99440,66],{"class":58},[44,99442,74],{"class":62},[44,99444,677],{"class":58},[44,99446,99447],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99448,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,99450,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99452,106],{"class":105},[44,99454,93],{"class":58},[44,99456,1090],{"class":909},[44,99458,93],{"class":58},[44,99460,206],{"class":89},[44,99462,973],{"class":58},[44,99464,99465,99467,99469,99471],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,99466,106],{"class":105},[44,99468,93],{"class":58},[44,99470,206],{"class":89},[44,99472,99],{"class":58},[44,99474,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,99476,106],{"class":105},[44,99478,93],{"class":58},[44,99480,10537],{"class":105},[44,99482,93],{"class":58},[44,99484,206],{"class":89},[44,99486,973],{"class":58},[44,99488,99489,99491],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,99490,106],{"class":105},[44,99492,99493],{"class":58},"({})\n",[44,99495,99496,99498,99500,99502],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,99497,106],{"class":105},[44,99499,93],{"class":58},[44,99501,1214],{"class":909},[44,99503,6571],{"class":58},[20,99505,99506],{},"Use these to confirm:",[165,99508,99509,99512,99515,99518],{},[168,99510,99511],{},"The object type",[168,99513,99514],{},"The actual values stored",[168,99516,99517],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[168,99519,99520,99521,3766,99523],{},"The difference between ",[15,99522,3162],{},[15,99524,3167],{},[30,99526,1235],{"id":1234},[693,99528,99530],{"id":99529},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99532,99533,99534,99537,99538,99540],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99535,99536],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99539,3167],{}," with another iterable.",[693,99542,99544],{"id":99543},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99546,148,99547,99549,99550,99552],{},[15,99548,3167],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99551,3162],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[693,99554,99556],{"id":99555},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99558,99559],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[693,99561,99563],{"id":99562},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99565,99566],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[693,99568,99570],{"id":99569},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99572,99573],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,99575,1279],{"id":1278},[165,99577,99578,99582,99588,99594,99599],{},[168,99579,99580],{},[184,99581,187],{"href":96753},[168,99583,99584],{},[184,99585,2945,99586,718],{"href":97754},[15,99587,24],{},[168,99589,99590],{},[184,99591,2945,99592,718],{"href":97773},[15,99593,1263],{},[168,99595,99596],{},[184,99597,99598],{"href":98331},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[168,99600,99601],{},[184,99602,99603],{"href":98045},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99605,99606],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1304,99608,99609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":99611},[99612,99613,99614,99615,99618,99624,99628,99629,99630,99636,99644,99645,99652],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":14532,"depth":80,"text":14533},{"id":98017,"depth":80,"text":98018},{"id":98049,"depth":80,"text":98050,"children":99616},[99617],{"id":98118,"depth":102,"text":98119},{"id":98222,"depth":80,"text":99619,"children":99620},"Create a set with set()",[99621,99622,99623],{"id":98247,"depth":102,"text":98248},{"id":98335,"depth":102,"text":98336},{"id":98405,"depth":102,"text":98406},{"id":98490,"depth":80,"text":98491,"children":99625},[99626],{"id":98567,"depth":102,"text":99627},"Do not use {}",{"id":71636,"depth":80,"text":71637},{"id":98775,"depth":80,"text":98776},{"id":98947,"depth":80,"text":98948,"children":99631},[99632,99633,99634,99635],{"id":98951,"depth":102,"text":98952},{"id":98994,"depth":102,"text":98995},{"id":99061,"depth":102,"text":98406},{"id":99097,"depth":102,"text":99098},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":99637},[99638,99640,99641,99642,99643],{"id":99131,"depth":102,"text":99639},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99192,"depth":102,"text":99193},{"id":99245,"depth":102,"text":99246},{"id":99288,"depth":102,"text":99289},{"id":99315,"depth":102,"text":99316},{"id":92152,"depth":80,"text":92153},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":99646},[99647,99648,99649,99650,99651],{"id":99529,"depth":102,"text":99530},{"id":99543,"depth":102,"text":99544},{"id":99555,"depth":102,"text":99556},{"id":99562,"depth":102,"text":99563},{"id":99569,"depth":102,"text":99570},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97820,"description":99653},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99659,"title":99660,"body":99661,"description":102092,"extension":1334,"meta":102093,"navigation":322,"path":102094,"seo":102095,"stem":102096,"__hash__":102097},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99662,"toc":102057},[99663,99669,99675,99678,99680,99757,99759,99776,99786,99788,99793,99801,99803,99819,99823,99825,99827,99830,99851,99854,99878,99884,99886,99983,99985,100002,100012,100014,100016,100024,100026,100037,100039,100130,100132,100156,100167,100169,100171,100174,100304,100306,100379,100381,100402,100405,100407,100413,100418,100421,100548,100550,100567,100570,100572,100580,100583,100587,100595,100686,100688,100725,100730,100737,100814,100816,100832,100837,100842,100844,100853,100861,100942,100944,100973,100976,100980,100991,100994,101077,101079,101100,101106,101108,101110,101114,101118,101125,101190,101192,101212,101215,101284,101286,101302,101306,101312,101324,101332,101334,101419,101421,101450,101453,101457,101462,101464,101514,101517,101598,101600,101616,101620,101623,101698,101701,101705,101708,101785,101787,101820,101826,101830,101833,101968,101970,101984,101986,101988,101994,101997,102004,102012,102018,102021,102025,102028,102030,102032,102054],[10,99664,13,99666,18],{"id":99665},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99667,99668],{},"difference()",[20,99670,99671,99674],{},[15,99672,99673],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99676,99677],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,99679,2978],{"id":2977},[35,99681,99683],{"className":37,"code":99682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99684,99685,99709,99729,99747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99686,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99688,1925],{"class":50},[44,99690,55],{"class":54},[44,99692,59],{"class":58},[44,99694,63],{"class":62},[44,99696,66],{"class":58},[44,99698,69],{"class":62},[44,99700,66],{"class":58},[44,99702,74],{"class":62},[44,99704,66],{"class":58},[44,99706,143],{"class":62},[44,99708,77],{"class":58},[44,99710,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99712,1953],{"class":50},[44,99714,55],{"class":54},[44,99716,59],{"class":58},[44,99718,1433],{"class":62},[44,99720,66],{"class":58},[44,99722,143],{"class":62},[44,99724,66],{"class":58},[44,99726,1064],{"class":62},[44,99728,77],{"class":58},[44,99730,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99732,1602],{"class":50},[44,99734,55],{"class":54},[44,99736,56256],{"class":50},[44,99738,86],{"class":58},[44,99740,2183],{"class":89},[44,99742,93],{"class":58},[44,99744,563],{"class":89},[44,99746,99],{"class":58},[44,99748,99749,99751,99753,99755],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,99750,106],{"class":105},[44,99752,93],{"class":58},[44,99754,1637],{"class":89},[44,99756,99],{"class":58},[20,99758,118],{},[35,99760,99762],{"className":37,"code":99761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99763,99764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99765,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99767,128],{"class":58},[44,99769,63],{"class":62},[44,99771,66],{"class":58},[44,99773,69],{"class":62},[44,99775,77],{"class":58},[20,99777,99778,99780,99781,99783,99784,86],{},[15,99779,99668],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99782,184],{}," that are not in ",[15,99785,563],{},[44287,99787],{},[30,99789,155,99791,158],{"id":99790},"what-difference-does",[15,99792,99668],{},[20,99794,1351,99795,99797,99798,99800],{},[15,99796,99668],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[116,99799,736],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99802,12425],{},[165,99804,99805,99810,99813,99816],{},[168,99806,99807,99809],{},[15,99808,99668],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[168,99811,99812],{},"It creates a new set",[168,99814,99815],{},"It does not change the original set",[168,99817,99818],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99820,182,99821,86],{},[184,99822,187],{"href":96753},[44287,99824],{},[30,99826,196],{"id":195},[20,99828,99829],{},"Use this form:",[35,99831,99833],{"className":37,"code":99832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,99834,99835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99836,99837,99840,99842,99844,99846,99849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99838,99839],{"class":50},"set1",[44,99841,86],{"class":58},[44,99843,2183],{"class":89},[44,99845,93],{"class":58},[44,99847,99848],{"class":89},"set2",[44,99850,99],{"class":58},[20,99852,99853],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,99855,99857],{"className":37,"code":99856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,99858,99859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99860,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99862,99839],{"class":50},[44,99864,86],{"class":58},[44,99866,2183],{"class":89},[44,99868,93],{"class":58},[44,99870,99848],{"class":89},[44,99872,66],{"class":58},[44,99874,99875],{"class":89}," set3",[44,99877,99],{"class":58},[20,99879,99880,99881,99883],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[116,99882,4729],{}," of the other sets.",[20,99885,894],{},[35,99887,99889],{"className":37,"code":99888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99890,99891,99919,99935,99947,99951,99973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99892,99893,99895,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915,99917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99894,1925],{"class":50},[44,99896,55],{"class":54},[44,99898,59],{"class":58},[44,99900,63],{"class":62},[44,99902,66],{"class":58},[44,99904,69],{"class":62},[44,99906,66],{"class":58},[44,99908,74],{"class":62},[44,99910,66],{"class":58},[44,99912,143],{"class":62},[44,99914,66],{"class":58},[44,99916,1064],{"class":62},[44,99918,77],{"class":58},[44,99920,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931,99933],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,99922,1953],{"class":50},[44,99924,55],{"class":54},[44,99926,59],{"class":58},[44,99928,472],{"class":62},[44,99930,66],{"class":58},[44,99932,74],{"class":62},[44,99934,77],{"class":58},[44,99936,99937,99939,99941,99943,99945],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99938,82553],{"class":50},[44,99940,55],{"class":54},[44,99942,59],{"class":58},[44,99944,1508],{"class":62},[44,99946,77],{"class":58},[44,99948,99949],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,99950,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,99952,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,99954,1602],{"class":50},[44,99956,55],{"class":54},[44,99958,56256],{"class":50},[44,99960,86],{"class":58},[44,99962,2183],{"class":89},[44,99964,93],{"class":58},[44,99966,563],{"class":89},[44,99968,66],{"class":58},[44,99970,9059],{"class":89},[44,99972,99],{"class":58},[44,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,99976,106],{"class":105},[44,99978,93],{"class":58},[44,99980,1637],{"class":89},[44,99982,99],{"class":58},[20,99984,118],{},[35,99986,99988],{"className":37,"code":99987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,99989,99990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99991,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99993,128],{"class":58},[44,99995,63],{"class":62},[44,99997,66],{"class":58},[44,99999,143],{"class":62},[44,100001,77],{"class":58},[20,100003,100004,100005,100007,100008,188,100010,86],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100006,184],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100009,563],{},[15,100011,583],{},[44287,100013],{},[30,100015,722],{"id":721},[20,100017,100018,100020,100021,86],{},[15,100019,99668],{}," always returns a ",[116,100022,100023],{},"new set",[20,100025,43020],{},[165,100027,100028,100031,100034],{},[168,100029,100030],{},"The return value is a new set",[168,100032,100033],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[168,100035,100036],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100038,894],{},[35,100040,100042],{"className":37,"code":100041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100043,100044,100060,100080,100084,100102,100106,100116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100045,100046,100048,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100047,1925],{"class":50},[44,100049,55],{"class":54},[44,100051,59],{"class":58},[44,100053,63],{"class":62},[44,100055,66],{"class":58},[44,100057,69],{"class":62},[44,100059,77],{"class":58},[44,100061,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076,100078],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100063,1953],{"class":50},[44,100065,55],{"class":54},[44,100067,59],{"class":58},[44,100069,63],{"class":62},[44,100071,66],{"class":58},[44,100073,69],{"class":62},[44,100075,66],{"class":58},[44,100077,74],{"class":62},[44,100079,77],{"class":58},[44,100081,100082],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100083,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100085,100086,100088,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,100087,1602],{"class":50},[44,100089,55],{"class":54},[44,100091,56256],{"class":50},[44,100093,86],{"class":58},[44,100095,2183],{"class":89},[44,100097,93],{"class":58},[44,100099,563],{"class":89},[44,100101,99],{"class":58},[44,100103,100104],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100105,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100107,100108,100110,100112,100114],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,100109,106],{"class":105},[44,100111,93],{"class":58},[44,100113,1637],{"class":89},[44,100115,99],{"class":58},[44,100117,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,100119,106],{"class":105},[44,100121,93],{"class":58},[44,100123,1090],{"class":909},[44,100125,93],{"class":58},[44,100127,1637],{"class":89},[44,100129,973],{"class":58},[20,100131,118],{},[35,100133,100134],{"className":37,"code":98542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100135,100136,100142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100137,100138,100140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100139,1214],{"class":909},[44,100141,913],{"class":58},[44,100143,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100145,2659],{"class":54},[44,100147,2662],{"class":1436},[44,100149,360],{"class":278},[44,100151,1214],{"class":282},[44,100153,351],{"class":278},[44,100155,2671],{"class":54},[20,100157,100158,100159,18329,100161,100163,100164,100166],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100160,3167],{},[15,100162,3162],{},". In Python, ",[15,100165,3162],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44287,100168],{},[30,100170,258],{"id":257},[20,100172,100173],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,100175,100177],{"className":37,"code":100176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100178,100179,100212,100245,100249,100269,100273,100283,100294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100180,100181,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100182,100183],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,100185,55],{"class":54},[44,100187,59],{"class":58},[44,100189,279],{"class":278},[44,100191,3450],{"class":282},[44,100193,279],{"class":278},[44,100195,66],{"class":58},[44,100197,290],{"class":278},[44,100199,3459],{"class":282},[44,100201,279],{"class":278},[44,100203,66],{"class":58},[44,100205,290],{"class":278},[44,100207,32586],{"class":282},[44,100209,279],{"class":278},[44,100211,77],{"class":58},[44,100213,100214,100217,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100215,100216],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,100218,55],{"class":54},[44,100220,59],{"class":58},[44,100222,279],{"class":278},[44,100224,3459],{"class":282},[44,100226,279],{"class":278},[44,100228,66],{"class":58},[44,100230,290],{"class":278},[44,100232,32586],{"class":282},[44,100234,279],{"class":278},[44,100236,66],{"class":58},[44,100238,290],{"class":278},[44,100240,21900],{"class":282},[44,100242,279],{"class":278},[44,100244,77],{"class":58},[44,100246,100247],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100248,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100250,100251,100253,100255,100258,100260,100262,100264,100267],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,100252,1602],{"class":50},[44,100254,55],{"class":54},[44,100256,100257],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,100259,86],{"class":58},[44,100261,2183],{"class":89},[44,100263,93],{"class":58},[44,100265,100266],{"class":89},"fruits_b",[44,100268,99],{"class":58},[44,100270,100271],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100272,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100274,100275,100277,100279,100281],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,100276,106],{"class":105},[44,100278,93],{"class":58},[44,100280,1637],{"class":89},[44,100282,99],{"class":58},[44,100284,100285,100287,100289,100292],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,100286,106],{"class":105},[44,100288,93],{"class":58},[44,100290,100291],{"class":89},"fruits_a",[44,100293,99],{"class":58},[44,100295,100296,100298,100300,100302],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,100297,106],{"class":105},[44,100299,93],{"class":58},[44,100301,100266],{"class":89},[44,100303,99],{"class":58},[20,100305,339],{},[35,100307,100309],{"className":37,"code":100308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100310,100311,100323,100351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100312,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100314,128],{"class":58},[44,100316,351],{"class":278},[44,100318,3450],{"class":282},[44,100320,351],{"class":278},[44,100322,77],{"class":58},[44,100324,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100326,128],{"class":58},[44,100328,351],{"class":278},[44,100330,3459],{"class":282},[44,100332,351],{"class":278},[44,100334,66],{"class":58},[44,100336,360],{"class":278},[44,100338,32586],{"class":282},[44,100340,351],{"class":278},[44,100342,66],{"class":58},[44,100344,360],{"class":278},[44,100346,3450],{"class":282},[44,100348,351],{"class":278},[44,100350,77],{"class":58},[44,100352,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100354,128],{"class":58},[44,100356,351],{"class":278},[44,100358,3459],{"class":282},[44,100360,351],{"class":278},[44,100362,66],{"class":58},[44,100364,360],{"class":278},[44,100366,32586],{"class":282},[44,100368,351],{"class":278},[44,100370,66],{"class":58},[44,100372,360],{"class":278},[44,100374,21900],{"class":282},[44,100376,351],{"class":278},[44,100378,77],{"class":58},[20,100380,11056],{},[165,100382,100383,100388,100393,100399],{},[168,100384,100385,100386],{},"Start with ",[15,100387,100291],{},[168,100389,100390,100391],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100392,100266],{},[168,100394,100395,100396,100398],{},"Only ",[15,100397,57202],{}," remains",[168,100400,100401],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100403,100404],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44287,100406],{},[30,100408,1123,100410,100412],{"id":100409},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100411,99668],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100414,100415,100416,86],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100417,99668],{},[20,100419,100420],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,100422,100424],{"className":37,"code":100423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100425,100426,100458,100475,100488,100505,100509,100538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100427,100428,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100429,51],{"class":50},[44,100431,55],{"class":54},[44,100433,59],{"class":58},[44,100435,63],{"class":62},[44,100437,66],{"class":58},[44,100439,69],{"class":62},[44,100441,66],{"class":58},[44,100443,74],{"class":62},[44,100445,66],{"class":58},[44,100447,143],{"class":62},[44,100449,66],{"class":58},[44,100451,1064],{"class":62},[44,100453,66],{"class":58},[44,100455,37011],{"class":62},[44,100457,77],{"class":58},[44,100459,100460,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100461,100462],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,100464,55],{"class":54},[44,100466,59],{"class":58},[44,100468,472],{"class":62},[44,100470,66],{"class":58},[44,100472,143],{"class":62},[44,100474,77],{"class":58},[44,100476,100477,100480,100482,100484,100486],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100478,100479],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,100481,55],{"class":54},[44,100483,59],{"class":58},[44,100485,1508],{"class":62},[44,100487,77],{"class":58},[44,100489,100490,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501,100503],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,100491,100492],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,100494,55],{"class":54},[44,100496,59],{"class":58},[44,100498,79962],{"class":62},[44,100500,66],{"class":58},[44,100502,5370],{"class":62},[44,100504,77],{"class":58},[44,100506,100507],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100508,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100510,100511,100513,100515,100517,100519,100521,100523,100526,100528,100531,100533,100536],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,100512,1602],{"class":50},[44,100514,55],{"class":54},[44,100516,3635],{"class":50},[44,100518,86],{"class":58},[44,100520,2183],{"class":89},[44,100522,93],{"class":58},[44,100524,100525],{"class":89},"group_a",[44,100527,66],{"class":58},[44,100529,100530],{"class":89}," group_b",[44,100532,66],{"class":58},[44,100534,100535],{"class":89}," group_c",[44,100537,99],{"class":58},[44,100539,100540,100542,100544,100546],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,100541,106],{"class":105},[44,100543,93],{"class":58},[44,100545,1637],{"class":89},[44,100547,99],{"class":58},[20,100549,118],{},[35,100551,100553],{"className":37,"code":100552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100554,100555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100556,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100558,128],{"class":58},[44,100560,63],{"class":62},[44,100562,66],{"class":58},[44,100564,74],{"class":62},[44,100566,77],{"class":58},[20,100568,100569],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44287,100571],{},[30,100573,100575,525,100577],{"id":100574},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100576,99668],{},[15,100578,100579],{},"difference_update()",[20,100581,100582],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[693,100584,100585],{"id":2183},[15,100586,99668],{},[165,100588,100589,100592],{},[168,100590,100591],{},"Returns a new set",[168,100593,100594],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,100596,100598],{"className":37,"code":100597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100599,100600,100624,100640,100644,100662,100666,100676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100601,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100603,1925],{"class":50},[44,100605,55],{"class":54},[44,100607,59],{"class":58},[44,100609,63],{"class":62},[44,100611,66],{"class":58},[44,100613,69],{"class":62},[44,100615,66],{"class":58},[44,100617,74],{"class":62},[44,100619,66],{"class":58},[44,100621,143],{"class":62},[44,100623,77],{"class":58},[44,100625,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100627,1953],{"class":50},[44,100629,55],{"class":54},[44,100631,59],{"class":58},[44,100633,1433],{"class":62},[44,100635,66],{"class":58},[44,100637,143],{"class":62},[44,100639,77],{"class":58},[44,100641,100642],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100643,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100645,100646,100648,100650,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,100647,1602],{"class":50},[44,100649,55],{"class":54},[44,100651,56256],{"class":50},[44,100653,86],{"class":58},[44,100655,2183],{"class":89},[44,100657,93],{"class":58},[44,100659,563],{"class":89},[44,100661,99],{"class":58},[44,100663,100664],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100665,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100667,100668,100670,100672,100674],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,100669,106],{"class":105},[44,100671,93],{"class":58},[44,100673,1637],{"class":89},[44,100675,99],{"class":58},[44,100677,100678,100680,100682,100684],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,100679,106],{"class":105},[44,100681,93],{"class":58},[44,100683,184],{"class":89},[44,100685,99],{"class":58},[20,100687,118],{},[35,100689,100691],{"className":37,"code":100690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100692,100693,100705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100694,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100696,128],{"class":58},[44,100698,63],{"class":62},[44,100700,66],{"class":58},[44,100702,69],{"class":62},[44,100704,77],{"class":58},[44,100706,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100708,128],{"class":58},[44,100710,63],{"class":62},[44,100712,66],{"class":58},[44,100714,69],{"class":62},[44,100716,66],{"class":58},[44,100718,74],{"class":62},[44,100720,66],{"class":58},[44,100722,143],{"class":62},[44,100724,77],{"class":58},[693,100726,100728],{"id":100727},"difference_update",[15,100729,100579],{},[165,100731,100732,100735],{},[168,100733,100734],{},"Changes the original set",[168,100736,176],{},[35,100738,100740],{"className":37,"code":100739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100741,100742,100766,100782,100786,100800,100804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100743,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100745,1925],{"class":50},[44,100747,55],{"class":54},[44,100749,59],{"class":58},[44,100751,63],{"class":62},[44,100753,66],{"class":58},[44,100755,69],{"class":62},[44,100757,66],{"class":58},[44,100759,74],{"class":62},[44,100761,66],{"class":58},[44,100763,143],{"class":62},[44,100765,77],{"class":58},[44,100767,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100769,1953],{"class":50},[44,100771,55],{"class":54},[44,100773,59],{"class":58},[44,100775,1433],{"class":62},[44,100777,66],{"class":58},[44,100779,143],{"class":62},[44,100781,77],{"class":58},[44,100783,100784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100785,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100787,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,100789,184],{"class":50},[44,100791,86],{"class":58},[44,100793,100727],{"class":89},[44,100795,93],{"class":58},[44,100797,563],{"class":89},[44,100799,99],{"class":58},[44,100801,100802],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100803,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100805,100806,100808,100810,100812],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,100807,106],{"class":105},[44,100809,93],{"class":58},[44,100811,184],{"class":89},[44,100813,99],{"class":58},[20,100815,118],{},[35,100817,100818],{"className":37,"code":99761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100819,100820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100821,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100823,128],{"class":58},[44,100825,63],{"class":62},[44,100827,66],{"class":58},[44,100829,69],{"class":62},[44,100831,77],{"class":58},[20,100833,148,100834,100836],{},[15,100835,99668],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,100838,100839,100840,32966],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,100841,100579],{},[44287,100843],{},[30,100845,100847,100849,100850,100852],{"id":100846},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,100848,99668],{}," vs the ",[15,100851,1393],{}," operator",[20,100854,1351,100855,100857,100858,100860],{},[15,100856,1393],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,100859,99668],{}," for two sets.",[35,100862,100864],{"className":37,"code":100863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,100865,100866,100890,100906,100910,100928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100867,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100869,1925],{"class":50},[44,100871,55],{"class":54},[44,100873,59],{"class":58},[44,100875,63],{"class":62},[44,100877,66],{"class":58},[44,100879,69],{"class":62},[44,100881,66],{"class":58},[44,100883,74],{"class":62},[44,100885,66],{"class":58},[44,100887,143],{"class":62},[44,100889,77],{"class":58},[44,100891,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100893,1953],{"class":50},[44,100895,55],{"class":54},[44,100897,59],{"class":58},[44,100899,1433],{"class":62},[44,100901,66],{"class":58},[44,100903,143],{"class":62},[44,100905,77],{"class":58},[44,100907,100908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100909,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,100911,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,100913,106],{"class":105},[44,100915,93],{"class":58},[44,100917,184],{"class":89},[44,100919,86],{"class":58},[44,100921,2183],{"class":89},[44,100923,93],{"class":58},[44,100925,563],{"class":89},[44,100927,973],{"class":58},[44,100929,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100931,106],{"class":105},[44,100933,93],{"class":58},[44,100935,1925],{"class":89},[44,100937,1393],{"class":54},[44,100939,1930],{"class":89},[44,100941,99],{"class":58},[20,100943,118],{},[35,100945,100947],{"className":37,"code":100946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,100948,100949,100961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100950,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100952,128],{"class":58},[44,100954,63],{"class":62},[44,100956,66],{"class":58},[44,100958,69],{"class":62},[44,100960,77],{"class":58},[44,100962,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,100964,128],{"class":58},[44,100966,63],{"class":62},[44,100968,66],{"class":58},[44,100970,69],{"class":62},[44,100972,77],{"class":58},[20,100974,100975],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,100977,93958,100978,1863],{},[15,100979,99668],{},[165,100981,100982,100985,100988],{},[168,100983,100984],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[168,100986,100987],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[168,100989,100990],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,100992,100993],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,100995,100997],{"className":37,"code":100996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,100998,100999,101027,101039,101051,101055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101000,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101002,1925],{"class":50},[44,101004,55],{"class":54},[44,101006,59],{"class":58},[44,101008,63],{"class":62},[44,101010,66],{"class":58},[44,101012,69],{"class":62},[44,101014,66],{"class":58},[44,101016,74],{"class":62},[44,101018,66],{"class":58},[44,101020,143],{"class":62},[44,101022,66],{"class":58},[44,101024,1064],{"class":62},[44,101026,77],{"class":58},[44,101028,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101030,1953],{"class":50},[44,101032,55],{"class":54},[44,101034,59],{"class":58},[44,101036,472],{"class":62},[44,101038,77],{"class":58},[44,101040,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101042,82553],{"class":50},[44,101044,55],{"class":54},[44,101046,59],{"class":58},[44,101048,96],{"class":62},[44,101050,77],{"class":58},[44,101052,101053],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101054,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101056,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101058,106],{"class":105},[44,101060,93],{"class":58},[44,101062,184],{"class":89},[44,101064,86],{"class":58},[44,101066,2183],{"class":89},[44,101068,93],{"class":58},[44,101070,563],{"class":89},[44,101072,66],{"class":58},[44,101074,9059],{"class":89},[44,101076,973],{"class":58},[20,101078,118],{},[35,101080,101082],{"className":37,"code":101081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101083,101084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101085,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101087,128],{"class":58},[44,101089,63],{"class":62},[44,101091,66],{"class":58},[44,101093,74],{"class":62},[44,101095,66],{"class":58},[44,101097,1064],{"class":62},[44,101099,77],{"class":58},[20,101101,101102,101103,101105],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101104,1393],{}," operator expression.",[44287,101107],{},[30,101109,3892],{"id":3891},[20,101111,20578,101112,86],{},[15,101113,99668],{},[693,101115,101117],{"id":101116},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101119,4001,101120,101122,101123,1084],{},[116,101121,736],{}," change ",[15,101124,184],{},[35,101126,101128],{"className":37,"code":101127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101129,101130,101150,101162,101166,101180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101131,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142,101144,101146,101148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101133,1925],{"class":50},[44,101135,55],{"class":54},[44,101137,59],{"class":58},[44,101139,63],{"class":62},[44,101141,66],{"class":58},[44,101143,69],{"class":62},[44,101145,66],{"class":58},[44,101147,74],{"class":62},[44,101149,77],{"class":58},[44,101151,101152,101154,101156,101158,101160],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101153,1953],{"class":50},[44,101155,55],{"class":54},[44,101157,59],{"class":58},[44,101159,1433],{"class":62},[44,101161,77],{"class":58},[44,101163,101164],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101165,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101167,101168,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101169,184],{"class":50},[44,101171,86],{"class":58},[44,101173,2183],{"class":89},[44,101175,93],{"class":58},[44,101177,563],{"class":89},[44,101179,99],{"class":58},[44,101181,101182,101184,101186,101188],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101183,106],{"class":105},[44,101185,93],{"class":58},[44,101187,184],{"class":89},[44,101189,99],{"class":58},[20,101191,118],{},[35,101193,101194],{"className":37,"code":495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101195,101196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101197,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101199,128],{"class":58},[44,101201,63],{"class":62},[44,101203,66],{"class":58},[44,101205,69],{"class":62},[44,101207,66],{"class":58},[44,101209,74],{"class":62},[44,101211,77],{"class":58},[20,101213,101214],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,101216,101218],{"className":37,"code":101217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101219,101220,101240,101252,101256,101274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101221,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101223,1925],{"class":50},[44,101225,55],{"class":54},[44,101227,59],{"class":58},[44,101229,63],{"class":62},[44,101231,66],{"class":58},[44,101233,69],{"class":62},[44,101235,66],{"class":58},[44,101237,74],{"class":62},[44,101239,77],{"class":58},[44,101241,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101243,1953],{"class":50},[44,101245,55],{"class":54},[44,101247,59],{"class":58},[44,101249,1433],{"class":62},[44,101251,77],{"class":58},[44,101253,101254],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101255,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101257,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101259,1925],{"class":50},[44,101261,55],{"class":54},[44,101263,56256],{"class":50},[44,101265,86],{"class":58},[44,101267,2183],{"class":89},[44,101269,93],{"class":58},[44,101271,563],{"class":89},[44,101273,99],{"class":58},[44,101275,101276,101278,101280,101282],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101277,106],{"class":105},[44,101279,93],{"class":58},[44,101281,184],{"class":89},[44,101283,99],{"class":58},[20,101285,118],{},[35,101287,101288],{"className":37,"code":99761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101289,101290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101291,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101293,128],{"class":58},[44,101295,63],{"class":62},[44,101297,66],{"class":58},[44,101299,69],{"class":62},[44,101301,77],{"class":58},[693,101303,101305],{"id":101304},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101307,101308,101311],{},[15,101309,101310],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[165,101313,101314,101319],{},[168,101315,101316,101317],{},"keep items from ",[15,101318,184],{},[168,101320,101321,101322],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101323,563],{},[20,101325,40274,101326,101328,101329,101331],{},[116,101327,736],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101330,563],{},"”.",[20,101333,894],{},[35,101335,101337],{"className":37,"code":101336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101338,101339,101359,101379,101383,101401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101340,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355,101357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101342,1925],{"class":50},[44,101344,55],{"class":54},[44,101346,59],{"class":58},[44,101348,63],{"class":62},[44,101350,66],{"class":58},[44,101352,69],{"class":62},[44,101354,66],{"class":58},[44,101356,74],{"class":62},[44,101358,77],{"class":58},[44,101360,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373,101375,101377],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101362,1953],{"class":50},[44,101364,55],{"class":54},[44,101366,59],{"class":58},[44,101368,1433],{"class":62},[44,101370,66],{"class":58},[44,101372,143],{"class":62},[44,101374,66],{"class":58},[44,101376,1064],{"class":62},[44,101378,77],{"class":58},[44,101380,101381],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101382,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101384,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101386,106],{"class":105},[44,101388,93],{"class":58},[44,101390,184],{"class":89},[44,101392,86],{"class":58},[44,101394,2183],{"class":89},[44,101396,93],{"class":58},[44,101398,563],{"class":89},[44,101400,973],{"class":58},[44,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101404,106],{"class":105},[44,101406,93],{"class":58},[44,101408,563],{"class":89},[44,101410,86],{"class":58},[44,101412,2183],{"class":89},[44,101414,93],{"class":58},[44,101416,184],{"class":89},[44,101418,973],{"class":58},[20,101420,118],{},[35,101422,101424],{"className":37,"code":101423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101425,101426,101438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101427,101428,101430,101432,101434,101436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101429,128],{"class":58},[44,101431,63],{"class":62},[44,101433,66],{"class":58},[44,101435,69],{"class":62},[44,101437,77],{"class":58},[44,101439,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101441,128],{"class":58},[44,101443,96],{"class":62},[44,101445,66],{"class":58},[44,101447,1064],{"class":62},[44,101449,77],{"class":58},[20,101451,101452],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[693,101454,101456],{"id":101455},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101458,101459,101461],{},[15,101460,99668],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101463,54690],{},[35,101465,101467],{"className":37,"code":101466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101468,101469,101489,101505,101509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101470,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101472,1925],{"class":50},[44,101474,55],{"class":54},[44,101476,2992],{"class":58},[44,101478,63],{"class":62},[44,101480,66],{"class":58},[44,101482,69],{"class":62},[44,101484,66],{"class":58},[44,101486,74],{"class":62},[44,101488,3005],{"class":58},[44,101490,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101492,1953],{"class":50},[44,101494,55],{"class":54},[44,101496,2992],{"class":58},[44,101498,1433],{"class":62},[44,101500,66],{"class":58},[44,101502,143],{"class":62},[44,101504,3005],{"class":58},[44,101506,101507],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101508,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101510,101511],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101512,101513],{"class":3034},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101515,101516],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,101518,101520],{"className":37,"code":101519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101521,101522,101542,101558,101562,101588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101523,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101525,1925],{"class":50},[44,101527,55],{"class":54},[44,101529,2992],{"class":58},[44,101531,63],{"class":62},[44,101533,66],{"class":58},[44,101535,69],{"class":62},[44,101537,66],{"class":58},[44,101539,74],{"class":62},[44,101541,3005],{"class":58},[44,101543,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101545,1953],{"class":50},[44,101547,55],{"class":54},[44,101549,2992],{"class":58},[44,101551,1433],{"class":62},[44,101553,66],{"class":58},[44,101555,143],{"class":62},[44,101557,3005],{"class":58},[44,101559,101560],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101561,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101563,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101565,1602],{"class":50},[44,101567,55],{"class":54},[44,101569,910],{"class":909},[44,101571,93],{"class":58},[44,101573,184],{"class":89},[44,101575,8009],{"class":58},[44,101577,2183],{"class":89},[44,101579,93],{"class":58},[44,101581,1214],{"class":909},[44,101583,93],{"class":58},[44,101585,563],{"class":89},[44,101587,973],{"class":58},[44,101589,101590,101592,101594,101596],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101591,106],{"class":105},[44,101593,93],{"class":58},[44,101595,1637],{"class":89},[44,101597,99],{"class":58},[20,101599,118],{},[35,101601,101602],{"className":37,"code":99761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101603,101604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101605,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101607,128],{"class":58},[44,101609,63],{"class":62},[44,101611,66],{"class":58},[44,101613,69],{"class":62},[44,101615,77],{"class":58},[693,101617,101619],{"id":101618},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101621,101622],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,101624,101626],{"className":37,"code":101625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101627,101628,101660,101676,101680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101629,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654,101656,101658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101631,1925],{"class":50},[44,101633,55],{"class":54},[44,101635,59],{"class":58},[44,101637,279],{"class":278},[44,101639,36415],{"class":282},[44,101641,279],{"class":278},[44,101643,66],{"class":58},[44,101645,290],{"class":278},[44,101647,57496],{"class":282},[44,101649,279],{"class":278},[44,101651,66],{"class":58},[44,101653,290],{"class":278},[44,101655,57513],{"class":282},[44,101657,279],{"class":278},[44,101659,77],{"class":58},[44,101661,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672,101674],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101663,1953],{"class":50},[44,101665,55],{"class":54},[44,101667,59],{"class":58},[44,101669,279],{"class":278},[44,101671,57496],{"class":282},[44,101673,279],{"class":278},[44,101675,77],{"class":58},[44,101677,101678],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101679,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101681,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101683,106],{"class":105},[44,101685,93],{"class":58},[44,101687,184],{"class":89},[44,101689,86],{"class":58},[44,101691,2183],{"class":89},[44,101693,93],{"class":58},[44,101695,563],{"class":89},[44,101697,973],{"class":58},[20,101699,101700],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[693,101702,101704],{"id":101703},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101706,101707],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,101709,101711],{"className":37,"code":101710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101712,101713,101741,101753,101757,101767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101714,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101716,1925],{"class":50},[44,101718,55],{"class":54},[44,101720,59],{"class":58},[44,101722,63],{"class":62},[44,101724,66],{"class":58},[44,101726,4874],{"class":62},[44,101728,66],{"class":58},[44,101730,69],{"class":62},[44,101732,66],{"class":58},[44,101734,69],{"class":62},[44,101736,66],{"class":58},[44,101738,74],{"class":62},[44,101740,77],{"class":58},[44,101742,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101744,1953],{"class":50},[44,101746,55],{"class":54},[44,101748,59],{"class":58},[44,101750,1433],{"class":62},[44,101752,77],{"class":58},[44,101754,101755],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101756,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101760,106],{"class":105},[44,101762,93],{"class":58},[44,101764,184],{"class":89},[44,101766,99],{"class":58},[44,101768,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101770,106],{"class":105},[44,101772,93],{"class":58},[44,101774,184],{"class":89},[44,101776,86],{"class":58},[44,101778,2183],{"class":89},[44,101780,93],{"class":58},[44,101782,563],{"class":89},[44,101784,973],{"class":58},[20,101786,118],{},[35,101788,101790],{"className":37,"code":101789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101791,101792,101808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101793,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101795,128],{"class":58},[44,101797,63],{"class":62},[44,101799,66],{"class":58},[44,101801,69],{"class":62},[44,101803,66],{"class":58},[44,101805,74],{"class":62},[44,101807,77],{"class":58},[44,101809,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101811,128],{"class":58},[44,101813,63],{"class":62},[44,101815,66],{"class":58},[44,101817,69],{"class":62},[44,101819,77],{"class":58},[20,101821,101822,101823,101825],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101824,99668],{}," runs.",[693,101827,101829],{"id":101828},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,101831,101832],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,101834,101836],{"className":37,"code":101835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,101837,101838,101862,101882,101886,101896,101906,101924,101946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101839,101840,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101841,1925],{"class":50},[44,101843,55],{"class":54},[44,101845,59],{"class":58},[44,101847,63],{"class":62},[44,101849,66],{"class":58},[44,101851,69],{"class":62},[44,101853,66],{"class":58},[44,101855,74],{"class":62},[44,101857,66],{"class":58},[44,101859,143],{"class":62},[44,101861,77],{"class":58},[44,101863,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,101865,1953],{"class":50},[44,101867,55],{"class":54},[44,101869,59],{"class":58},[44,101871,1433],{"class":62},[44,101873,66],{"class":58},[44,101875,143],{"class":62},[44,101877,66],{"class":58},[44,101879,1064],{"class":62},[44,101881,77],{"class":58},[44,101883,101884],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101885,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,101887,101888,101890,101892,101894],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,101889,106],{"class":105},[44,101891,93],{"class":58},[44,101893,184],{"class":89},[44,101895,99],{"class":58},[44,101897,101898,101900,101902,101904],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101899,106],{"class":105},[44,101901,93],{"class":58},[44,101903,563],{"class":89},[44,101905,99],{"class":58},[44,101907,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,101909,106],{"class":105},[44,101911,93],{"class":58},[44,101913,184],{"class":89},[44,101915,86],{"class":58},[44,101917,2183],{"class":89},[44,101919,93],{"class":58},[44,101921,563],{"class":89},[44,101923,973],{"class":58},[44,101925,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,101927,106],{"class":105},[44,101929,93],{"class":58},[44,101931,1090],{"class":909},[44,101933,93],{"class":58},[44,101935,184],{"class":89},[44,101937,86],{"class":58},[44,101939,2183],{"class":89},[44,101941,93],{"class":58},[44,101943,563],{"class":89},[44,101945,2282],{"class":58},[44,101947,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,101949,106],{"class":105},[44,101951,93],{"class":58},[44,101953,10537],{"class":105},[44,101955,93],{"class":58},[44,101957,184],{"class":89},[44,101959,86],{"class":58},[44,101961,2183],{"class":89},[44,101963,93],{"class":58},[44,101965,563],{"class":89},[44,101967,2282],{"class":58},[20,101969,10546],{},[165,101971,101972,101975,101978,101981],{},[168,101973,101974],{},"what is in each set",[168,101976,101977],{},"what result Python creates",[168,101979,101980],{},"that the result is a set",[168,101982,101983],{},"how many items remain",[44287,101985],{},[30,101987,1235],{"id":1234},[693,101989,1239,101991,101993],{"id":101990},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,101992,99668],{}," change the original set?",[20,101995,101996],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[693,101998,4554,102000,3766,102002,1863],{"id":101999},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102001,99668],{},[15,102003,100579],{},[20,102005,102006,102008,102009,102011],{},[15,102007,99668],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102010,100579],{}," modifies the original set.",[693,102013,27696,102015,102017],{"id":102014},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102016,99668],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102019,102020],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[693,102022,102024],{"id":102023},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102026,102027],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44287,102029],{},[30,102031,1279],{"id":1278},[165,102033,102034,102038,102046],{},[168,102035,102036],{},[184,102037,187],{"href":96753},[168,102039,102040],{},[184,102041,715,102043,718],{"href":102042},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102044,102045],{},"intersection()",[168,102047,102048],{},[184,102049,715,102051,718],{"href":102050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102052,102053],{},"union()",[1304,102055,102056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":102058},[102059,102060,102062,102063,102064,102065,102067,102072,102074,102082,102091],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":99790,"depth":80,"text":102061},"What difference() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":100409,"depth":80,"text":102066},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100574,"depth":80,"text":102068,"children":102069},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102070,102071],{"id":2183,"depth":102,"text":99668},{"id":100727,"depth":102,"text":100579},{"id":100846,"depth":80,"text":102073},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":102075},[102076,102077,102078,102079,102080,102081],{"id":101116,"depth":102,"text":101117},{"id":101304,"depth":102,"text":101305},{"id":101455,"depth":102,"text":101456},{"id":101618,"depth":102,"text":101619},{"id":101703,"depth":102,"text":101704},{"id":101828,"depth":102,"text":101829},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":102083},[102084,102086,102088,102090],{"id":101990,"depth":102,"text":102085},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":101999,"depth":102,"text":102087},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102014,"depth":102,"text":102089},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102023,"depth":102,"text":102024},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99660,"description":102092},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102099,"title":102100,"body":102101,"description":103796,"extension":1334,"meta":103797,"navigation":322,"path":103798,"seo":103799,"stem":103800,"__hash__":103801},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102102,"toc":103758},[102103,102109,102115,102128,102130,102231,102233,102278,102283,102288,102292,102306,102309,102317,102319,102338,102356,102360,102413,102415,102436,102443,102448,102475,102482,102581,102583,102620,102628,102632,102638,102641,102714,102716,102724,102729,102798,102800,102825,102827,102830,102933,102935,102996,102999,103003,103009,103082,103084,103117,103120,103123,103163,103169,103192,103197,103201,103212,103215,103217,103221,103227,103229,103286,103296,103298,103351,103358,103363,103431,103439,103445,103449,103451,103490,103495,103544,103548,103551,103553,103592,103595,103597,103602,103659,103661,103675,103677,103681,103687,103692,103697,103704,103715,103721,103726,103728,103755],[10,102104,13,102106,18],{"id":102105},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102107,102108],{},"discard()",[20,102110,102111,102114],{},[15,102112,102113],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102116,102117,102118,1561,102123,13425,102125,102127],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[184,102119,102120],{"href":97463},[15,102121,102122],{},"set.remove()",[15,102124,102108],{},[116,102126,736],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,102129,33],{"id":32},[35,102131,102133],{"className":37,"code":102132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102134,102135,102167,102186,102196,102200,102221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102136,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102138,271],{"class":50},[44,102140,55],{"class":54},[44,102142,59],{"class":58},[44,102144,279],{"class":278},[44,102146,283],{"class":282},[44,102148,279],{"class":278},[44,102150,66],{"class":58},[44,102152,290],{"class":278},[44,102154,293],{"class":282},[44,102156,279],{"class":278},[44,102158,66],{"class":58},[44,102160,290],{"class":278},[44,102162,313],{"class":282},[44,102164,279],{"class":278},[44,102166,77],{"class":58},[44,102168,102169,102171,102173,102176,102178,102180,102182,102184],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102170,302],{"class":50},[44,102172,86],{"class":58},[44,102174,102175],{"class":89},"discard",[44,102177,93],{"class":58},[44,102179,279],{"class":278},[44,102181,293],{"class":282},[44,102183,279],{"class":278},[44,102185,99],{"class":58},[44,102187,102188,102190,102192,102194],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102189,106],{"class":105},[44,102191,93],{"class":58},[44,102193,302],{"class":89},[44,102195,99],{"class":58},[44,102197,102198],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,102199,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,102203,302],{"class":50},[44,102205,86],{"class":58},[44,102207,102175],{"class":89},[44,102209,93],{"class":58},[44,102211,279],{"class":278},[44,102213,21891],{"class":282},[44,102215,279],{"class":278},[44,102217,3031],{"class":58},[44,102219,102220],{"class":3034},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,102222,102223,102225,102227,102229],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,102224,106],{"class":105},[44,102226,93],{"class":58},[44,102228,302],{"class":89},[44,102230,99],{"class":58},[20,102232,339],{},[35,102234,102236],{"className":37,"code":102235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102237,102238,102258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102239,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102241,128],{"class":58},[44,102243,351],{"class":278},[44,102245,283],{"class":282},[44,102247,351],{"class":278},[44,102249,66],{"class":58},[44,102251,360],{"class":278},[44,102253,313],{"class":282},[44,102255,351],{"class":278},[44,102257,77],{"class":58},[44,102259,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102261,128],{"class":58},[44,102263,351],{"class":278},[44,102265,283],{"class":282},[44,102267,351],{"class":278},[44,102269,66],{"class":58},[44,102271,360],{"class":278},[44,102273,313],{"class":282},[44,102275,351],{"class":278},[44,102277,77],{"class":58},[20,102279,148,102280,102282],{},[15,102281,102108],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,102284,155,102286,158],{"id":102285},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102287,102113],{},[20,102289,102290,1084],{},[15,102291,102108],{},[165,102293,102294,102297,102300,102302],{},[168,102295,102296],{},"Removes one item from a set",[168,102298,102299],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[168,102301,173],{},[168,102303,10799,102304],{},[15,102305,730],{},[20,102307,102308],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102310,182,102311,188,102314,86],{},[184,102312,102313],{"href":98045},"what a set is in Python",[184,102315,102316],{"href":97137},"how to create a set",[30,102318,196],{"id":195},[35,102320,102322],{"className":37,"code":102321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102323,102324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102325,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102327,206],{"class":50},[44,102329,86],{"class":58},[44,102331,102175],{"class":89},[44,102333,93],{"class":58},[44,102335,1188],{"class":89},[44,102337,99],{"class":58},[165,102339,102340,102345,102350,102353],{},[168,102341,102342,102344],{},[15,102343,206],{}," is the set you want to change",[168,102346,102347,102349],{},[15,102348,1188],{}," is the item you want to remove",[168,102351,102352],{},"The set must already exist",[168,102354,102355],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[693,102357,102359],{"id":102358},"example","Example",[35,102361,102363],{"className":37,"code":102362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102364,102365,102389,102403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102366,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102368,51],{"class":50},[44,102370,55],{"class":54},[44,102372,59],{"class":58},[44,102374,63],{"class":62},[44,102376,66],{"class":58},[44,102378,69],{"class":62},[44,102380,66],{"class":58},[44,102382,74],{"class":62},[44,102384,66],{"class":58},[44,102386,143],{"class":62},[44,102388,77],{"class":58},[44,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102392,83],{"class":50},[44,102394,86],{"class":58},[44,102396,102175],{"class":89},[44,102398,93],{"class":58},[44,102400,1433],{"class":62},[44,102402,99],{"class":58},[44,102404,102405,102407,102409,102411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102406,106],{"class":105},[44,102408,93],{"class":58},[44,102410,83],{"class":89},[44,102412,99],{"class":58},[20,102414,118],{},[35,102416,102418],{"className":37,"code":102417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102419,102420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102421,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102423,128],{"class":58},[44,102425,63],{"class":62},[44,102427,66],{"class":58},[44,102429,69],{"class":62},[44,102431,66],{"class":58},[44,102433,143],{"class":62},[44,102435,77],{"class":58},[30,102437,102439,102440,102442],{"id":102438},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102441,102108],{}," different",[20,102444,102445,102447],{},[15,102446,102108],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[165,102449,102450,102463,102472],{},[168,102451,102452,102453,1561,102457,102459,102460,102462],{},"Unlike ",[184,102454,102455],{"href":97463},[15,102456,54900],{},[15,102458,102108],{}," does not raise ",[15,102461,19053],{}," when the item is missing",[168,102464,102452,102465,1561,102469,102471],{},[184,102466,102467],{"href":97468},[15,102468,12135],{},[15,102470,102108],{}," removes a specific item",[168,102473,102474],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[693,102476,102478,525,102480],{"id":102477},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102479,102108],{},[15,102481,54900],{},[35,102483,102485],{"className":37,"code":102484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102486,102487,102511,102515,102536,102546,102550,102571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102488,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102490,904],{"class":50},[44,102492,55],{"class":54},[44,102494,59],{"class":58},[44,102496,279],{"class":278},[44,102498,3450],{"class":282},[44,102500,279],{"class":278},[44,102502,66],{"class":58},[44,102504,290],{"class":278},[44,102506,3459],{"class":282},[44,102508,279],{"class":278},[44,102510,77],{"class":58},[44,102512,102513],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102514,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,102516,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102518,922],{"class":50},[44,102520,86],{"class":58},[44,102522,102175],{"class":89},[44,102524,93],{"class":58},[44,102526,279],{"class":278},[44,102528,32586],{"class":282},[44,102530,279],{"class":278},[44,102532,3031],{"class":58},[44,102534,102535],{"class":3034},"   # no error\n",[44,102537,102538,102540,102542,102544],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,102539,106],{"class":105},[44,102541,93],{"class":58},[44,102543,922],{"class":89},[44,102545,99],{"class":58},[44,102547,102548],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,102549,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,102551,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,102553,922],{"class":50},[44,102555,86],{"class":58},[44,102557,34161],{"class":89},[44,102559,93],{"class":58},[44,102561,279],{"class":278},[44,102563,3459],{"class":282},[44,102565,279],{"class":278},[44,102567,3031],{"class":58},[44,102569,102570],{"class":3034},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,102572,102573,102575,102577,102579],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,102574,106],{"class":105},[44,102576,93],{"class":58},[44,102578,922],{"class":89},[44,102580,99],{"class":58},[20,102582,118],{},[35,102584,102586],{"className":37,"code":102585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102587,102588,102608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102589,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102591,128],{"class":58},[44,102593,351],{"class":278},[44,102595,3450],{"class":282},[44,102597,351],{"class":278},[44,102599,66],{"class":58},[44,102601,360],{"class":278},[44,102603,3459],{"class":282},[44,102605,351],{"class":278},[44,102607,77],{"class":58},[44,102609,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102611,128],{"class":58},[44,102613,351],{"class":278},[44,102615,3450],{"class":282},[44,102617,351],{"class":278},[44,102619,77],{"class":58},[20,102621,39712,102622,102624,102625,102627],{},[15,102623,54900],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[184,102626,10451],{"href":10450}," for more help with that case.",[30,102629,102631],{"id":102630},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102633,102634,727,102636,86],{},[15,102635,102108],{},[15,102637,730],{},[20,102639,102640],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,102642,102644],{"className":37,"code":102643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102645,102646,102678,102700,102704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102647,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102649,271],{"class":50},[44,102651,55],{"class":54},[44,102653,59],{"class":58},[44,102655,279],{"class":278},[44,102657,283],{"class":282},[44,102659,279],{"class":278},[44,102661,66],{"class":58},[44,102663,290],{"class":278},[44,102665,293],{"class":282},[44,102667,279],{"class":278},[44,102669,66],{"class":58},[44,102671,290],{"class":278},[44,102673,313],{"class":282},[44,102675,279],{"class":278},[44,102677,77],{"class":58},[44,102679,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102681,1602],{"class":50},[44,102683,55],{"class":54},[44,102685,12494],{"class":50},[44,102687,86],{"class":58},[44,102689,102175],{"class":89},[44,102691,93],{"class":58},[44,102693,279],{"class":278},[44,102695,293],{"class":282},[44,102697,279],{"class":278},[44,102699,99],{"class":58},[44,102701,102702],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102703,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,102705,102706,102708,102710,102712],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,102707,106],{"class":105},[44,102709,93],{"class":58},[44,102711,1637],{"class":89},[44,102713,99],{"class":58},[20,102715,118],{},[35,102717,102718],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102719,102720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102721,102722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102723,864],{"class":871},[20,102725,102726,102727,1084],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102728,302],{},[35,102730,102732],{"className":37,"code":102731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102733,102734,102766,102784,102788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102735,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102737,271],{"class":50},[44,102739,55],{"class":54},[44,102741,59],{"class":58},[44,102743,279],{"class":278},[44,102745,283],{"class":282},[44,102747,279],{"class":278},[44,102749,66],{"class":58},[44,102751,290],{"class":278},[44,102753,293],{"class":282},[44,102755,279],{"class":278},[44,102757,66],{"class":58},[44,102759,290],{"class":278},[44,102761,313],{"class":282},[44,102763,279],{"class":278},[44,102765,77],{"class":58},[44,102767,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102769,302],{"class":50},[44,102771,86],{"class":58},[44,102773,102175],{"class":89},[44,102775,93],{"class":58},[44,102777,279],{"class":278},[44,102779,293],{"class":282},[44,102781,279],{"class":278},[44,102783,99],{"class":58},[44,102785,102786],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102787,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,102789,102790,102792,102794,102796],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,102791,106],{"class":105},[44,102793,93],{"class":58},[44,102795,302],{"class":89},[44,102797,99],{"class":58},[20,102799,118],{},[35,102801,102803],{"className":37,"code":102802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102804,102805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102806,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102808,128],{"class":58},[44,102810,351],{"class":278},[44,102812,283],{"class":282},[44,102814,351],{"class":278},[44,102816,66],{"class":58},[44,102818,360],{"class":278},[44,102820,313],{"class":282},[44,102822,351],{"class":278},[44,102824,77],{"class":58},[30,102826,258],{"id":257},[20,102828,102829],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,102831,102833],{"className":37,"code":102832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,102834,102835,102867,102871,102889,102893,102911,102915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102836,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102838,35606],{"class":50},[44,102840,55],{"class":54},[44,102842,59],{"class":58},[44,102844,279],{"class":278},[44,102846,3450],{"class":282},[44,102848,279],{"class":278},[44,102850,66],{"class":58},[44,102852,290],{"class":278},[44,102854,3459],{"class":282},[44,102856,279],{"class":278},[44,102858,66],{"class":58},[44,102860,290],{"class":278},[44,102862,32586],{"class":282},[44,102864,279],{"class":278},[44,102866,77],{"class":58},[44,102868,102869],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102870,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,102872,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102874,106],{"class":105},[44,102876,93],{"class":58},[44,102878,279],{"class":278},[44,102880,10936],{"class":282},[44,102882,279],{"class":278},[44,102884,66],{"class":58},[44,102886,52223],{"class":89},[44,102888,99],{"class":58},[44,102890,102891],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,102892,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,102894,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,102896,35658],{"class":50},[44,102898,86],{"class":58},[44,102900,102175],{"class":89},[44,102902,93],{"class":58},[44,102904,279],{"class":278},[44,102906,3459],{"class":282},[44,102908,279],{"class":278},[44,102910,99],{"class":58},[44,102912,102913],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,102914,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,102916,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,102918,106],{"class":105},[44,102920,93],{"class":58},[44,102922,279],{"class":278},[44,102924,10976],{"class":282},[44,102926,279],{"class":278},[44,102928,66],{"class":58},[44,102930,52223],{"class":89},[44,102932,99],{"class":58},[20,102934,118],{},[35,102936,102938],{"className":37,"code":102937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,102939,102940,102972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102941,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102943,10996],{"class":50},[44,102945,1084],{"class":58},[44,102947,59],{"class":58},[44,102949,351],{"class":278},[44,102951,3459],{"class":282},[44,102953,351],{"class":278},[44,102955,66],{"class":58},[44,102957,360],{"class":278},[44,102959,3450],{"class":282},[44,102961,351],{"class":278},[44,102963,66],{"class":58},[44,102965,360],{"class":278},[44,102967,32586],{"class":282},[44,102969,351],{"class":278},[44,102971,77],{"class":58},[44,102973,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,102975,11049],{"class":50},[44,102977,1084],{"class":58},[44,102979,59],{"class":58},[44,102981,351],{"class":278},[44,102983,3450],{"class":282},[44,102985,351],{"class":278},[44,102987,66],{"class":58},[44,102989,360],{"class":278},[44,102991,32586],{"class":282},[44,102993,351],{"class":278},[44,102995,77],{"class":58},[20,102997,102998],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,103000,103002],{"id":103001},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103004,103005,103006,103008],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103007,102108],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,103010,103012],{"className":37,"code":103011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103013,103014,103046,103050,103068,103072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103015,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103017,35606],{"class":50},[44,103019,55],{"class":54},[44,103021,59],{"class":58},[44,103023,279],{"class":278},[44,103025,3450],{"class":282},[44,103027,279],{"class":278},[44,103029,66],{"class":58},[44,103031,290],{"class":278},[44,103033,3459],{"class":282},[44,103035,279],{"class":278},[44,103037,66],{"class":58},[44,103039,290],{"class":278},[44,103041,32586],{"class":282},[44,103043,279],{"class":278},[44,103045,77],{"class":58},[44,103047,103048],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103049,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,103051,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103053,35658],{"class":50},[44,103055,86],{"class":58},[44,103057,102175],{"class":89},[44,103059,93],{"class":58},[44,103061,279],{"class":278},[44,103063,21900],{"class":282},[44,103065,279],{"class":278},[44,103067,99],{"class":58},[44,103069,103070],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,103071,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,103073,103074,103076,103078,103080],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,103075,106],{"class":105},[44,103077,93],{"class":58},[44,103079,35658],{"class":89},[44,103081,99],{"class":58},[20,103083,118],{},[35,103085,103087],{"className":37,"code":103086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103088,103089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103090,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103092,128],{"class":58},[44,103094,351],{"class":278},[44,103096,3459],{"class":282},[44,103098,351],{"class":278},[44,103100,66],{"class":58},[44,103102,360],{"class":278},[44,103104,3450],{"class":282},[44,103106,351],{"class":278},[44,103108,66],{"class":58},[44,103110,360],{"class":278},[44,103112,32586],{"class":282},[44,103114,351],{"class":278},[44,103116,77],{"class":58},[20,103118,103119],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103121,103122],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,103124,103126],{"className":37,"code":103125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103127,103128,103144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103129,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103131,6374],{"class":3246},[44,103133,290],{"class":278},[44,103135,21900],{"class":282},[44,103137,279],{"class":278},[44,103139,20540],{"class":54},[44,103141,52223],{"class":50},[44,103143,5770],{"class":58},[44,103145,103146,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103147,103148],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,103150,86],{"class":58},[44,103152,34161],{"class":89},[44,103154,93],{"class":58},[44,103156,279],{"class":278},[44,103158,21900],{"class":282},[44,103160,279],{"class":278},[44,103162,99],{"class":58},[20,103164,103165,103166,103168],{},"With ",[15,103167,102108],{},", you can simply write:",[35,103170,103172],{"className":37,"code":103171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103173,103174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103175,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103177,35658],{"class":50},[44,103179,86],{"class":58},[44,103181,102175],{"class":89},[44,103183,93],{"class":58},[44,103185,279],{"class":278},[44,103187,21900],{"class":282},[44,103189,279],{"class":278},[44,103191,99],{"class":58},[30,103193,4334,103195],{"id":103194},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103196,102108],{},[20,103198,148,103199,9977],{},[15,103200,102108],{},[165,103202,103203,103206,103209],{},[168,103204,103205],{},"Missing values are normal",[168,103207,103208],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[168,103210,103211],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103213,103214],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,103216,1113],{"id":1112},[20,103218,7825,103219,86],{},[15,103220,102108],{},[693,103222,1129,103224,103226],{"id":103223},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103225,102108],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103228,3899],{},[35,103230,103232],{"className":37,"code":103231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103233,103234,103254,103272,103276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103235,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103237,51],{"class":50},[44,103239,55],{"class":54},[44,103241,59],{"class":58},[44,103243,63],{"class":62},[44,103245,66],{"class":58},[44,103247,69],{"class":62},[44,103249,66],{"class":58},[44,103251,74],{"class":62},[44,103253,77],{"class":58},[44,103255,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103257,51],{"class":50},[44,103259,55],{"class":54},[44,103261,3635],{"class":50},[44,103263,86],{"class":58},[44,103265,102175],{"class":89},[44,103267,93],{"class":58},[44,103269,472],{"class":62},[44,103271,99],{"class":58},[44,103273,103274],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103275,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,103277,103278,103280,103282,103284],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,103279,106],{"class":105},[44,103281,93],{"class":58},[44,103283,83],{"class":89},[44,103285,99],{"class":58},[20,103287,103288,41524,103290,7979,103292,727,103294,86],{},[15,103289,83],{},[15,103291,730],{},[15,103293,102108],{},[15,103295,730],{},[20,103297,18206],{},[35,103299,103301],{"className":37,"code":103300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103302,103303,103323,103337,103341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103304,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103306,51],{"class":50},[44,103308,55],{"class":54},[44,103310,59],{"class":58},[44,103312,63],{"class":62},[44,103314,66],{"class":58},[44,103316,69],{"class":62},[44,103318,66],{"class":58},[44,103320,74],{"class":62},[44,103322,77],{"class":58},[44,103324,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103326,83],{"class":50},[44,103328,86],{"class":58},[44,103330,102175],{"class":89},[44,103332,93],{"class":58},[44,103334,472],{"class":62},[44,103336,99],{"class":58},[44,103338,103339],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103340,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,103342,103343,103345,103347,103349],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,103344,106],{"class":105},[44,103346,93],{"class":58},[44,103348,83],{"class":89},[44,103350,99],{"class":58},[693,103352,1138,103354,8082,103356],{"id":103353},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103355,102108],{},[15,103357,54900],{},[20,103359,103360,103361,86],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103362,102108],{},[35,103364,103366],{"className":37,"code":103365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103367,103368,103400,103421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103369,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103371,546],{"class":50},[44,103373,55],{"class":54},[44,103375,59],{"class":58},[44,103377,279],{"class":278},[44,103379,184],{"class":282},[44,103381,279],{"class":278},[44,103383,66],{"class":58},[44,103385,290],{"class":278},[44,103387,563],{"class":282},[44,103389,279],{"class":278},[44,103391,66],{"class":58},[44,103393,290],{"class":278},[44,103395,583],{"class":282},[44,103397,279],{"class":278},[44,103399,77],{"class":58},[44,103401,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103403,572],{"class":50},[44,103405,86],{"class":58},[44,103407,102175],{"class":89},[44,103409,93],{"class":58},[44,103411,279],{"class":278},[44,103413,21444],{"class":282},[44,103415,279],{"class":278},[44,103417,3031],{"class":58},[44,103419,103420],{"class":3034},"   # safe\n",[44,103422,103423,103425,103427,103429],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103424,106],{"class":105},[44,103426,93],{"class":58},[44,103428,572],{"class":89},[44,103430,99],{"class":58},[20,103432,103433,103434,45279,103437,86],{},"If you use ",[15,103435,103436],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103438,19053],{},[693,103440,24983,103442,103444],{"id":103441},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103443,102108],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103446,103447,101461],{},[15,103448,102108],{},[20,103450,16012],{},[35,103452,103454],{"className":37,"code":103453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103455,103456,103476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103457,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103459,904],{"class":50},[44,103461,55],{"class":54},[44,103463,2992],{"class":58},[44,103465,63],{"class":62},[44,103467,66],{"class":58},[44,103469,69],{"class":62},[44,103471,66],{"class":58},[44,103473,74],{"class":62},[44,103475,3005],{"class":58},[44,103477,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103479,922],{"class":50},[44,103481,86],{"class":58},[44,103483,102175],{"class":89},[44,103485,93],{"class":58},[44,103487,472],{"class":62},[44,103489,99],{"class":58},[20,103491,103492,103493,1084],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103494,102108],{},[35,103496,103498],{"className":37,"code":103497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103499,103500,103520,103534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103501,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103503,904],{"class":50},[44,103505,55],{"class":54},[44,103507,59],{"class":58},[44,103509,63],{"class":62},[44,103511,66],{"class":58},[44,103513,69],{"class":62},[44,103515,66],{"class":58},[44,103517,74],{"class":62},[44,103519,77],{"class":58},[44,103521,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103523,922],{"class":50},[44,103525,86],{"class":58},[44,103527,102175],{"class":89},[44,103529,93],{"class":58},[44,103531,472],{"class":62},[44,103533,99],{"class":58},[44,103535,103536,103538,103540,103542],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103537,106],{"class":105},[44,103539,93],{"class":58},[44,103541,922],{"class":89},[44,103543,99],{"class":58},[693,103545,103547],{"id":103546},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103549,103550],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103552,2207],{},[35,103554,103556],{"className":37,"code":103555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103557,103558,103578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103559,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103561,8544],{"class":50},[44,103563,55],{"class":54},[44,103565,59],{"class":58},[44,103567,63],{"class":62},[44,103569,66],{"class":58},[44,103571,69],{"class":62},[44,103573,66],{"class":58},[44,103575,74],{"class":62},[44,103577,77],{"class":58},[44,103579,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103581,8583],{"class":50},[44,103583,86],{"class":58},[44,103585,102175],{"class":89},[44,103587,650],{"class":58},[44,103589,472],{"class":62},[44,103591,677],{"class":58},[20,103593,103594],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,103596,8250],{"id":8249},[20,103598,8253,103599,103601],{},[15,103600,102108],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,103603,103605],{"className":37,"code":103604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103606,103607,103617,103631,103645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103608,103609,103611,103613,103615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103610,106],{"class":105},[44,103612,93],{"class":58},[44,103614,206],{"class":89},[44,103616,99],{"class":58},[44,103618,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103620,106],{"class":105},[44,103622,93],{"class":58},[44,103624,1090],{"class":909},[44,103626,93],{"class":58},[44,103628,206],{"class":89},[44,103630,973],{"class":58},[44,103632,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103634,106],{"class":105},[44,103636,93],{"class":58},[44,103638,1819],{"class":89},[44,103640,3253],{"class":3246},[44,103642,833],{"class":89},[44,103644,99],{"class":58},[44,103646,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,103648,1209],{"class":105},[44,103650,93],{"class":58},[44,103652,1214],{"class":909},[44,103654,86],{"class":58},[44,103656,102175],{"class":1219},[44,103658,99],{"class":58},[20,103660,10546],{},[165,103662,103663,103666,103669,103672],{},[168,103664,103665],{},"What is currently in the set",[168,103667,103668],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[168,103670,103671],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[168,103673,103674],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,103676,1235],{"id":1234},[693,103678,103680],{"id":103679},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103682,103683,103684,103686],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103685,102108],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[693,103688,4516,103690,12088],{"id":103689},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103691,102113],{},[20,103693,4522,103694,103696],{},[15,103695,730],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[693,103698,4554,103700,3766,103702,1863],{"id":103699},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103701,102108],{},[15,103703,54900],{},[20,103705,103706,103707,25905,103709,103711,103712,103714],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103708,54900],{},[15,103710,19053],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103713,102108],{}," does not.",[693,103716,27696,103718,103720],{"id":103717},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103719,102108],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103722,45736,103723,103725],{},[15,103724,102108],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,103727,1279],{"id":1278},[165,103729,103730,103736,103742,103747,103751],{},[168,103731,103732],{},[184,103733,715,103734,718],{"href":97463},[15,103735,54900],{},[168,103737,103738],{},[184,103739,715,103740,718],{"href":97468},[15,103741,12135],{},[168,103743,103744],{},[184,103745,103746],{"href":97137},"Python set: creating a set",[168,103748,103749],{},[184,103750,99603],{"href":98045},[168,103752,103753],{},[184,103754,10638],{"href":10450},[1304,103756,103757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":103759},[103760,103761,103763,103766,103771,103772,103773,103774,103776,103785,103786,103795],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":102285,"depth":80,"text":103762},"What set.discard() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":103764},[103765],{"id":102358,"depth":102,"text":102359},{"id":102438,"depth":80,"text":103767,"children":103768},"What makes discard() different",[103769],{"id":102477,"depth":102,"text":103770},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102630,"depth":80,"text":102631},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":103001,"depth":80,"text":103002},{"id":103194,"depth":80,"text":103775},"When to use discard()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":103777},[103778,103780,103782,103784],{"id":103223,"depth":102,"text":103779},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103353,"depth":102,"text":103781},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103441,"depth":102,"text":103783},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103546,"depth":102,"text":103547},{"id":8249,"depth":80,"text":8250},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":103787},[103788,103789,103791,103793],{"id":103679,"depth":102,"text":103680},{"id":103689,"depth":102,"text":103790},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103699,"depth":102,"text":103792},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103717,"depth":102,"text":103794},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102100,"description":103796},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103803,"title":103804,"body":103805,"description":105811,"extension":1334,"meta":105812,"navigation":322,"path":105813,"seo":105814,"stem":105815,"__hash__":105816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103806,"toc":105769},[103807,103810,103818,103823,103834,103836,103891,103895,103915,103920,103924,103929,103931,103945,103947,104022,104024,104057,104062,104067,104069,104071,104086,104089,104097,104102,104117,104119,104208,104210,104299,104305,104309,104311,104349,104351,104375,104378,104393,104395,104450,104452,104485,104487,104492,104496,104500,104505,104570,104572,104592,104598,104602,104659,104661,104682,104686,104691,104736,104738,104771,104774,104778,104811,104813,104842,104846,104850,104853,104855,104874,104876,104922,104927,104941,104943,104974,104979,104982,105026,105028,105056,105060,105064,105080,105083,105148,105150,105162,105165,105169,105172,105177,105205,105207,105225,105231,105270,105272,105290,105296,105325,105327,105345,105348,105365,105367,105372,105376,105379,105405,105412,105417,105432,105441,105445,105448,105479,105485,105488,105497,105500,105502,105504,105562,105565,105590,105592,105596,105599,105603,105611,105615,105618,105622,105625,105627,105650,105652,105693,105700,105708,105711,105742,105744,105766],[10,103808,103804],{"id":103809},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103811,8501,103812,103814,103815,86],{},[15,103813,3167],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[116,103816,103817],{},"unique values only",[20,103819,34773,103820,103822],{},[15,103821,3167],{}," to:",[165,103824,103825,103828,103831],{},[168,103826,103827],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[168,103829,103830],{},"check whether a value exists",[168,103832,103833],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,103835,33],{"id":32},[35,103837,103839],{"className":37,"code":103838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,103840,103841,103865,103880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103842,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103844,51],{"class":50},[44,103846,55],{"class":54},[44,103848,2992],{"class":58},[44,103850,63],{"class":62},[44,103852,66],{"class":58},[44,103854,69],{"class":62},[44,103856,66],{"class":58},[44,103858,69],{"class":62},[44,103860,66],{"class":58},[44,103862,74],{"class":62},[44,103864,3005],{"class":58},[44,103866,103867,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103868,103869],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,103871,55],{"class":54},[44,103873,910],{"class":909},[44,103875,93],{"class":58},[44,103877,83],{"class":89},[44,103879,99],{"class":58},[44,103881,103882,103884,103886,103889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103883,106],{"class":105},[44,103885,93],{"class":58},[44,103887,103888],{"class":89},"unique_numbers",[44,103890,99],{"class":58},[20,103892,103893],{},[116,103894,118],{},[35,103896,103897],{"className":37,"code":495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103898,103899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103900,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103902,128],{"class":58},[44,103904,63],{"class":62},[44,103906,66],{"class":58},[44,103908,69],{"class":62},[44,103910,66],{"class":58},[44,103912,74],{"class":62},[44,103914,77],{"class":58},[20,103916,148,103917,103919],{},[15,103918,3167],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,103921,103923],{"id":103922},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,103925,103926,103928],{},[15,103927,3167],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,103930,29905],{},[165,103932,103933,103936,103939,103942],{},[168,103934,103935],{},"A set stores unique items only",[168,103937,103938],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[168,103940,103941],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[168,103943,103944],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,103946,894],{},[35,103948,103950],{"className":37,"code":103949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,103951,103952,103992,104007,104011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103953,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103955,271],{"class":50},[44,103957,55],{"class":54},[44,103959,2992],{"class":58},[44,103961,279],{"class":278},[44,103963,283],{"class":282},[44,103965,279],{"class":278},[44,103967,66],{"class":58},[44,103969,290],{"class":278},[44,103971,293],{"class":282},[44,103973,279],{"class":278},[44,103975,66],{"class":58},[44,103977,290],{"class":278},[44,103979,283],{"class":282},[44,103981,279],{"class":278},[44,103983,66],{"class":58},[44,103985,290],{"class":278},[44,103987,313],{"class":282},[44,103989,279],{"class":278},[44,103991,3005],{"class":58},[44,103993,103994,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,103995,103996],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,103998,55],{"class":54},[44,104000,910],{"class":909},[44,104002,93],{"class":58},[44,104004,302],{"class":89},[44,104006,99],{"class":58},[44,104008,104009],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104010,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,104012,104013,104015,104017,104020],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,104014,106],{"class":105},[44,104016,93],{"class":58},[44,104018,104019],{"class":89},"unique_colors",[44,104021,99],{"class":58},[20,104023,339],{},[35,104025,104027],{"className":37,"code":104026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104028,104029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104030,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104032,128],{"class":58},[44,104034,351],{"class":278},[44,104036,293],{"class":282},[44,104038,351],{"class":278},[44,104040,66],{"class":58},[44,104042,360],{"class":278},[44,104044,313],{"class":282},[44,104046,351],{"class":278},[44,104048,66],{"class":58},[44,104050,360],{"class":278},[44,104052,283],{"class":282},[44,104054,351],{"class":278},[44,104056,77],{"class":58},[20,104058,1659,104059,104061],{},[15,104060,64761],{}," appears only once.",[20,104063,104064,104065,86],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[184,104066,187],{"href":186},[30,104068,196],{"id":195},[20,104070,1531],{},[35,104072,104074],{"className":37,"code":104073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104075,104076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104077,104078,104080,104082,104084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104079,1214],{"class":909},[44,104081,93],{"class":58},[44,104083,3091],{"class":89},[44,104085,99],{"class":58},[20,104087,104088],{},"The argument is optional.",[165,104090,104091,104094],{},[168,104092,104093],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[168,104095,104096],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104098,104099,104100,1084],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104101,3167],{},[165,104103,104104,104106,104108,104110,104114],{},[168,104105,1097],{},[168,104107,48325],{},[168,104109,60543],{},[168,104111,104112],{},[15,104113,35565],{},[168,104115,104116],{},"another set",[20,104118,1497],{},[35,104120,104122],{"className":37,"code":104121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104123,104124,104150,104172,104190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104125,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104127,106],{"class":105},[44,104129,93],{"class":58},[44,104131,1214],{"class":909},[44,104133,650],{"class":58},[44,104135,63],{"class":62},[44,104137,66],{"class":58},[44,104139,69],{"class":62},[44,104141,66],{"class":58},[44,104143,69],{"class":62},[44,104145,66],{"class":58},[44,104147,74],{"class":62},[44,104149,2368],{"class":58},[44,104151,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104153,106],{"class":105},[44,104155,93],{"class":58},[44,104157,1214],{"class":909},[44,104159,964],{"class":58},[44,104161,931],{"class":62},[44,104163,66],{"class":58},[44,104165,7168],{"class":62},[44,104167,66],{"class":58},[44,104169,5381],{"class":62},[44,104171,2282],{"class":58},[44,104173,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186,104188],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104175,106],{"class":105},[44,104177,93],{"class":58},[44,104179,1214],{"class":909},[44,104181,93],{"class":58},[44,104183,279],{"class":278},[44,104185,948],{"class":282},[44,104187,279],{"class":278},[44,104189,973],{"class":58},[44,104191,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,104193,106],{"class":105},[44,104195,93],{"class":58},[44,104197,1214],{"class":909},[44,104199,93],{"class":58},[44,104201,59368],{"class":105},[44,104203,93],{"class":58},[44,104205,96],{"class":62},[44,104207,2282],{"class":58},[20,104209,339],{},[35,104211,104213],{"className":37,"code":104212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104214,104215,104231,104243,104279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104216,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225,104227,104229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104218,128],{"class":58},[44,104220,63],{"class":62},[44,104222,66],{"class":58},[44,104224,69],{"class":62},[44,104226,66],{"class":58},[44,104228,74],{"class":62},[44,104230,77],{"class":58},[44,104232,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104234,128],{"class":58},[44,104236,931],{"class":62},[44,104238,66],{"class":58},[44,104240,7168],{"class":62},[44,104242,77],{"class":58},[44,104244,104245,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104246,128],{"class":58},[44,104248,351],{"class":278},[44,104250,59808],{"class":282},[44,104252,351],{"class":278},[44,104254,66],{"class":58},[44,104256,360],{"class":278},[44,104258,672],{"class":282},[44,104260,351],{"class":278},[44,104262,66],{"class":58},[44,104264,360],{"class":278},[44,104266,59825],{"class":282},[44,104268,351],{"class":278},[44,104270,66],{"class":58},[44,104272,360],{"class":278},[44,104274,59842],{"class":282},[44,104276,351],{"class":278},[44,104278,77],{"class":58},[44,104280,104281,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,104282,128],{"class":58},[44,104284,1491],{"class":62},[44,104286,66],{"class":58},[44,104288,4874],{"class":62},[44,104290,66],{"class":58},[44,104292,69],{"class":62},[44,104294,66],{"class":58},[44,104296,74],{"class":62},[44,104298,77],{"class":58},[20,104300,104301,104302,86],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[184,104303,104304],{"href":64216},"Python list() function explained",[30,104306,104308],{"id":104307},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104310,97534],{},[35,104312,104313],{"className":37,"code":98499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104314,104315,104325,104335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104316,104317,104319,104321,104323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104318,97544],{"class":50},[44,104320,55],{"class":54},[44,104322,910],{"class":909},[44,104324,913],{"class":58},[44,104326,104327,104329,104331,104333],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104328,106],{"class":105},[44,104330,93],{"class":58},[44,104332,97563],{"class":89},[44,104334,99],{"class":58},[44,104336,104337,104339,104341,104343,104345,104347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104338,106],{"class":105},[44,104340,93],{"class":58},[44,104342,1090],{"class":909},[44,104344,93],{"class":58},[44,104346,97563],{"class":89},[44,104348,973],{"class":58},[20,104350,118],{},[35,104352,104353],{"className":37,"code":98542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104354,104355,104361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104356,104357,104359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104358,1214],{"class":909},[44,104360,913],{"class":58},[44,104362,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104364,2659],{"class":54},[44,104366,2662],{"class":1436},[44,104368,360],{"class":278},[44,104370,1214],{"class":282},[44,104372,351],{"class":278},[44,104374,2671],{"class":54},[20,104376,104377],{},"This is important because:",[165,104379,104380,104385],{},[168,104381,104382,104384],{},[15,104383,3167],{}," creates an empty set",[168,104386,104387,104389,104390,104392],{},[15,104388,3162],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[116,104391,736],{}," a set",[20,104394,894],{},[35,104396,104398],{"className":37,"code":104397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104399,104400,104410,104418,104422,104436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104401,104402,104404,104406,104408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104403,1925],{"class":50},[44,104405,55],{"class":54},[44,104407,910],{"class":909},[44,104409,913],{"class":58},[44,104411,104412,104414,104416],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104413,1953],{"class":50},[44,104415,55],{"class":54},[44,104417,9215],{"class":58},[44,104419,104420],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104421,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,104423,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,104425,106],{"class":105},[44,104427,93],{"class":58},[44,104429,1090],{"class":909},[44,104431,93],{"class":58},[44,104433,184],{"class":89},[44,104435,973],{"class":58},[44,104437,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,104439,106],{"class":105},[44,104441,93],{"class":58},[44,104443,1090],{"class":909},[44,104445,93],{"class":58},[44,104447,563],{"class":89},[44,104449,973],{"class":58},[20,104451,118],{},[35,104453,104455],{"className":37,"code":104454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104456,104457,104471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104458,104459,104461,104463,104465,104467,104469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104460,2659],{"class":54},[44,104462,2662],{"class":1436},[44,104464,360],{"class":278},[44,104466,1214],{"class":282},[44,104468,351],{"class":278},[44,104470,2671],{"class":54},[44,104472,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104474,2659],{"class":54},[44,104476,2662],{"class":1436},[44,104478,360],{"class":278},[44,104480,8199],{"class":282},[44,104482,351],{"class":278},[44,104484,2671],{"class":54},[20,104486,13420],{},[20,104488,104489,104490,86],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[184,104491,103746],{"href":191},[30,104493,104495],{"id":104494},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[693,104497,104499],{"id":104498},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104501,104502,104503,86],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104504,3167],{},[35,104506,104508],{"className":37,"code":104507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104509,104510,104542,104556,104560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104511,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104513,51],{"class":50},[44,104515,55],{"class":54},[44,104517,2992],{"class":58},[44,104519,63],{"class":62},[44,104521,66],{"class":58},[44,104523,69],{"class":62},[44,104525,66],{"class":58},[44,104527,69],{"class":62},[44,104529,66],{"class":58},[44,104531,74],{"class":62},[44,104533,66],{"class":58},[44,104535,74],{"class":62},[44,104537,66],{"class":58},[44,104539,74],{"class":62},[44,104541,3005],{"class":58},[44,104543,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104545,1602],{"class":50},[44,104547,55],{"class":54},[44,104549,910],{"class":909},[44,104551,93],{"class":58},[44,104553,83],{"class":89},[44,104555,99],{"class":58},[44,104557,104558],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104559,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,104561,104562,104564,104566,104568],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,104563,106],{"class":105},[44,104565,93],{"class":58},[44,104567,1637],{"class":89},[44,104569,99],{"class":58},[20,104571,118],{},[35,104573,104574],{"className":37,"code":495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104575,104576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104577,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104579,128],{"class":58},[44,104581,63],{"class":62},[44,104583,66],{"class":58},[44,104585,69],{"class":62},[44,104587,66],{"class":58},[44,104589,74],{"class":62},[44,104591,77],{"class":58},[20,104593,104594,104595,86],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[184,104596,98332],{"href":104597},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[693,104599,104601],{"id":104600},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,104603,104605],{"className":37,"code":104604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104606,104607,104631,104645,104649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104608,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627,104629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104610,3193],{"class":50},[44,104612,55],{"class":54},[44,104614,8615],{"class":58},[44,104616,1508],{"class":62},[44,104618,66],{"class":58},[44,104620,1064],{"class":62},[44,104622,66],{"class":58},[44,104624,5381],{"class":62},[44,104626,66],{"class":58},[44,104628,37304],{"class":62},[44,104630,99],{"class":58},[44,104632,104633,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104634,1602],{"class":50},[44,104636,55],{"class":54},[44,104638,910],{"class":909},[44,104640,93],{"class":58},[44,104642,4734],{"class":89},[44,104644,99],{"class":58},[44,104646,104647],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104648,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,104650,104651,104653,104655,104657],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,104652,106],{"class":105},[44,104654,93],{"class":58},[44,104656,1637],{"class":89},[44,104658,99],{"class":58},[20,104660,118],{},[35,104662,104664],{"className":37,"code":104663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104665,104666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104667,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104669,128],{"class":58},[44,104671,1508],{"class":62},[44,104673,66],{"class":58},[44,104675,5381],{"class":62},[44,104677,66],{"class":58},[44,104679,37304],{"class":62},[44,104681,77],{"class":58},[693,104683,104685],{"id":104684},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104687,50500,104688,104690],{},[15,104689,3167],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,104692,104694],{"className":37,"code":104693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104695,104696,104708,104722,104726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104697,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104699,34054],{"class":50},[44,104701,55],{"class":54},[44,104703,290],{"class":278},[44,104705,3459],{"class":282},[44,104707,2727],{"class":278},[44,104709,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104711,1602],{"class":50},[44,104713,55],{"class":54},[44,104715,910],{"class":909},[44,104717,93],{"class":58},[44,104719,34075],{"class":89},[44,104721,99],{"class":58},[44,104723,104724],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104725,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,104727,104728,104730,104732,104734],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,104729,106],{"class":105},[44,104731,93],{"class":58},[44,104733,1637],{"class":89},[44,104735,99],{"class":58},[20,104737,339],{},[35,104739,104741],{"className":37,"code":104740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104742,104743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104744,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104746,128],{"class":58},[44,104748,351],{"class":278},[44,104750,563],{"class":282},[44,104752,351],{"class":278},[44,104754,66],{"class":58},[44,104756,360],{"class":278},[44,104758,184],{"class":282},[44,104760,351],{"class":278},[44,104762,66],{"class":58},[44,104764,360],{"class":278},[44,104766,75398],{"class":282},[44,104768,351],{"class":278},[44,104770,77],{"class":58},[20,104772,104773],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[693,104775,104777],{"id":104776},"from-range","From range()",[35,104779,104781],{"className":37,"code":104780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104782,104783,104801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104784,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104786,1602],{"class":50},[44,104788,55],{"class":54},[44,104790,910],{"class":909},[44,104792,93],{"class":58},[44,104794,59368],{"class":105},[44,104796,93],{"class":58},[44,104798,1508],{"class":62},[44,104800,973],{"class":58},[44,104802,104803,104805,104807,104809],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104804,106],{"class":105},[44,104806,93],{"class":58},[44,104808,1637],{"class":89},[44,104810,99],{"class":58},[20,104812,118],{},[35,104814,104816],{"className":37,"code":104815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104817,104818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104819,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104821,128],{"class":58},[44,104823,1491],{"class":62},[44,104825,66],{"class":58},[44,104827,4874],{"class":62},[44,104829,66],{"class":58},[44,104831,69],{"class":62},[44,104833,66],{"class":58},[44,104835,74],{"class":62},[44,104837,66],{"class":58},[44,104839,143],{"class":62},[44,104841,77],{"class":58},[30,104843,104845],{"id":104844},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,104847,98779,104848,86],{},[116,104849,237],{},[20,104851,104852],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,104854,98785],{},[165,104856,104857,104861,104865,104869],{},[168,104858,104859],{},[15,104860,1560],{},[168,104862,104863],{},[15,104864,2812],{},[168,104866,104867],{},[15,104868,1564],{},[168,104870,104871,104873],{},[15,104872,48325],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,104875,894],{},[35,104877,104879],{"className":37,"code":104878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,104880,104881,104912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104882,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104884,904],{"class":50},[44,104886,55],{"class":54},[44,104888,59],{"class":58},[44,104890,63],{"class":62},[44,104892,66],{"class":58},[44,104894,290],{"class":278},[44,104896,948],{"class":282},[44,104898,279],{"class":278},[44,104900,66],{"class":58},[44,104902,8615],{"class":58},[44,104904,931],{"class":62},[44,104906,66],{"class":58},[44,104908,7168],{"class":62},[44,104910,104911],{"class":58},")}\n",[44,104913,104914,104916,104918,104920],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,104915,106],{"class":105},[44,104917,93],{"class":58},[44,104919,922],{"class":89},[44,104921,99],{"class":58},[20,104923,98847,104924,104926],{},[116,104925,736],{}," work inside a set:",[165,104928,104929,104933,104937],{},[168,104930,104931],{},[15,104932,1097],{},[168,104934,104935],{},[15,104936,8199],{},[168,104938,104939],{},[15,104940,1214],{},[20,104942,1022],{},[35,104944,104946],{"className":37,"code":104945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,104947,104948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104949,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104951,98866],{"class":50},[44,104953,55],{"class":54},[44,104955,98871],{"class":58},[44,104957,63],{"class":62},[44,104959,66],{"class":58},[44,104961,69],{"class":62},[44,104963,17428],{"class":58},[44,104965,2992],{"class":58},[44,104967,1433],{"class":62},[44,104969,66],{"class":58},[44,104971,143],{"class":62},[44,104973,13077],{"class":58},[20,104975,76226,104976,104978],{},[15,104977,1081],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,104980,104981],{},"A safer example:",[35,104983,104985],{"className":37,"code":104984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,104986,104987,105015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104988,104989,104992,104994,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104990,104991],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,104993,55],{"class":54},[44,104995,104996],{"class":58}," {(",[44,104998,63],{"class":62},[44,105000,66],{"class":58},[44,105002,69],{"class":62},[44,105004,8612],{"class":58},[44,105006,8615],{"class":58},[44,105008,1433],{"class":62},[44,105010,66],{"class":58},[44,105012,143],{"class":62},[44,105014,104911],{"class":58},[44,105016,105017,105019,105021,105024],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105018,106],{"class":105},[44,105020,93],{"class":58},[44,105022,105023],{"class":89},"good_set",[44,105025,99],{"class":58},[20,105027,118],{},[35,105029,105031],{"className":37,"code":105030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105032,105033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105034,105035,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105036,105037],{"class":58},"{(",[44,105039,63],{"class":62},[44,105041,66],{"class":58},[44,105043,69],{"class":62},[44,105045,8612],{"class":58},[44,105047,8615],{"class":58},[44,105049,1433],{"class":62},[44,105051,66],{"class":58},[44,105053,143],{"class":62},[44,105055,104911],{"class":58},[30,105057,105059],{"id":105058},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105061,148,105062,9977],{},[15,105063,3167],{},[165,105065,105066,105069,105074,105077],{},[168,105067,105068],{},"you need unique values only",[168,105070,105071,105072],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105073,3253],{},[168,105075,105076],{},"order does not matter",[168,105078,105079],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105081,105082],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,105084,105086],{"className":37,"code":105085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105087,105088,105113,105117,105133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105089,105090,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105106,105108,105111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105091,105092],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,105094,55],{"class":54},[44,105096,910],{"class":909},[44,105098,650],{"class":58},[44,105100,45963],{"class":62},[44,105102,66],{"class":58},[44,105104,105105],{"class":62}," 102",[44,105107,66],{"class":58},[44,105109,105110],{"class":62}," 103",[44,105112,677],{"class":58},[44,105114,105115],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105116,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,105118,105119,105121,105123,105126,105128,105131],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105120,106],{"class":105},[44,105122,93],{"class":58},[44,105124,105125],{"class":62},"102",[44,105127,20540],{"class":3246},[44,105129,105130],{"class":89}," allowed_ids",[44,105132,99],{"class":58},[44,105134,105135,105137,105139,105142,105144,105146],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,105136,106],{"class":105},[44,105138,93],{"class":58},[44,105140,105141],{"class":62},"999",[44,105143,20540],{"class":3246},[44,105145,105130],{"class":89},[44,105147,99],{"class":58},[20,105149,118],{},[35,105151,105152],{"className":37,"code":43544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105153,105154,105158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105155,105156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105157,3350],{"class":871},[44,105159,105160],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105161,3411],{"class":871},[20,105163,105164],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,105166,105168],{"id":105167},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105170,105171],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[693,105173,148,105175,97476],{"id":105174},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105176,3167],{},[35,105178,105179],{"className":37,"code":97537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105180,105181,105191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105182,105183,105185,105187,105189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105184,97544],{"class":50},[44,105186,55],{"class":54},[44,105188,910],{"class":909},[44,105190,913],{"class":58},[44,105192,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105194,106],{"class":105},[44,105196,93],{"class":58},[44,105198,1090],{"class":909},[44,105200,93],{"class":58},[44,105202,97563],{"class":89},[44,105204,973],{"class":58},[20,105206,118],{},[35,105208,105209],{"className":37,"code":8230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105210,105211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105212,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105214,2659],{"class":54},[44,105216,2662],{"class":1436},[44,105218,360],{"class":278},[44,105220,1214],{"class":282},[44,105222,351],{"class":278},[44,105224,2671],{"class":54},[693,105226,148,105228,105230],{"id":105227},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105229,99536],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,105232,105234],{"className":37,"code":105233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105235,105236,105256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105237,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105239,51],{"class":50},[44,105241,55],{"class":54},[44,105243,59],{"class":58},[44,105245,63],{"class":62},[44,105247,66],{"class":58},[44,105249,69],{"class":62},[44,105251,66],{"class":58},[44,105253,74],{"class":62},[44,105255,77],{"class":58},[44,105257,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105259,106],{"class":105},[44,105261,93],{"class":58},[44,105263,1090],{"class":909},[44,105265,93],{"class":58},[44,105267,83],{"class":89},[44,105269,973],{"class":58},[20,105271,118],{},[35,105273,105274],{"className":37,"code":8230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105275,105276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105277,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105279,2659],{"class":54},[44,105281,2662],{"class":1436},[44,105283,360],{"class":278},[44,105285,1214],{"class":282},[44,105287,351],{"class":278},[44,105289,2671],{"class":54},[693,105291,148,105293,105295],{"id":105292},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105294,3162],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,105297,105299],{"className":37,"code":105298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105300,105301,105310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105302,105303,105306,105308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105304,105305],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,105307,55],{"class":54},[44,105309,9215],{"class":58},[44,105311,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320,105323],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105313,106],{"class":105},[44,105315,93],{"class":58},[44,105317,1090],{"class":909},[44,105319,93],{"class":58},[44,105321,105322],{"class":89},"empty_dict",[44,105324,973],{"class":58},[20,105326,118],{},[35,105328,105329],{"className":37,"code":8186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105330,105331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105332,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105334,2659],{"class":54},[44,105336,2662],{"class":1436},[44,105338,360],{"class":278},[44,105340,8199],{"class":282},[44,105342,351],{"class":278},[44,105344,2671],{"class":54},[20,105346,105347],{},"So the rule is simple:",[165,105349,105350,105355,105360],{},[168,105351,105352,105354],{},[15,105353,3167],{}," → empty set",[168,105356,105357,105359],{},[15,105358,99536],{}," → non-empty set",[168,105361,105362,105364],{},[15,105363,3162],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,105366,1113],{"id":1112},[20,105368,105369,105370,86],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105371,3167],{},[693,105373,1123,105374,99134],{"id":99131},[15,105375,3162],{},[20,105377,105378],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,105380,105381],{"className":37,"code":99140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105382,105383,105391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105384,105385,105387,105389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105386,1819],{"class":50},[44,105388,55],{"class":54},[44,105390,9215],{"class":58},[44,105392,105393,105395,105397,105399,105401,105403],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105394,106],{"class":105},[44,105396,93],{"class":58},[44,105398,1090],{"class":909},[44,105400,93],{"class":58},[44,105402,1188],{"class":89},[44,105404,973],{"class":58},[693,105406,105408,105409],{"id":105407},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105410,105411],{},"set(5)",[20,105413,105414,105416],{},[15,105415,3167],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,105418,105420],{"className":37,"code":105419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,105421,105422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105423,105424,105426,105428,105430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105425,1214],{"class":909},[44,105427,93],{"class":58},[44,105429,1508],{"class":62},[44,105431,99],{"class":58},[20,105433,2371,105434,105436,105437,86],{},[15,105435,1081],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[184,105438,105440],{"href":105439},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[693,105442,105444],{"id":105443},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105446,105447],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,105449,105451],{"className":37,"code":105450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105452,105453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105454,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105456,1819],{"class":50},[44,105458,55],{"class":54},[44,105460,98871],{"class":58},[44,105462,63],{"class":62},[44,105464,66],{"class":58},[44,105466,69],{"class":62},[44,105468,17428],{"class":58},[44,105470,2992],{"class":58},[44,105472,1433],{"class":62},[44,105474,66],{"class":58},[44,105476,143],{"class":62},[44,105478,13077],{"class":58},[693,105480,1129,105482,105484],{"id":105481},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105483,3167],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105486,105487],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[693,105489,1138,105491,8082,105493,188,105495],{"id":105490},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105492,3167],{},[15,105494,24147],{},[15,105496,8498],{},[20,105498,105499],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,105501,60079],{"id":60078},[20,105503,10488],{},[35,105505,105507],{"className":37,"code":105506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105508,105509,105524,105534,105548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105510,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105512,106],{"class":105},[44,105514,93],{"class":58},[44,105516,1090],{"class":909},[44,105518,93],{"class":58},[44,105520,105521],{"class":89},"my_value",[44,105523,973],{"class":58},[44,105525,105526,105528,105530,105532],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105527,106],{"class":105},[44,105529,93],{"class":58},[44,105531,105521],{"class":89},[44,105533,99],{"class":58},[44,105535,105536,105538,105540,105542,105544,105546],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105537,106],{"class":105},[44,105539,93],{"class":58},[44,105541,1097],{"class":909},[44,105543,93],{"class":58},[44,105545,206],{"class":89},[44,105547,973],{"class":58},[44,105549,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,105551,106],{"class":105},[44,105553,93],{"class":58},[44,105555,10537],{"class":105},[44,105557,93],{"class":58},[44,105559,206],{"class":89},[44,105561,973],{"class":58},[20,105563,105564],{},"What they help you see:",[165,105566,105567,105573,105578,105584],{},[168,105568,105569,105572],{},[15,105570,105571],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[168,105574,105575,89916],{},[15,105576,105577],{},"print(my_value)",[168,105579,105580,105583],{},[15,105581,105582],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[168,105585,105586,105589],{},[15,105587,105588],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,105591,1235],{"id":1234},[693,105593,105595],{"id":105594},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105597,105598],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[693,105600,105602],{"id":105601},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105604,148,105605,105607,105608,105610],{},[15,105606,3167],{},". Do not use ",[15,105609,3162],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[693,105612,105614],{"id":105613},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105616,105617],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[693,105619,105621],{"id":105620},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105623,105624],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105626,894],{},[35,105628,105630],{"className":37,"code":105629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105631,105632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105633,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644,105646,105648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105635,106],{"class":105},[44,105637,93],{"class":58},[44,105639,1214],{"class":909},[44,105641,93],{"class":58},[44,105643,279],{"class":278},[44,105645,3450],{"class":282},[44,105647,279],{"class":278},[44,105649,973],{"class":58},[20,105651,339],{},[35,105653,105655],{"className":37,"code":105654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105656,105657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105660,128],{"class":58},[44,105662,351],{"class":278},[44,105664,184],{"class":282},[44,105666,351],{"class":278},[44,105668,66],{"class":58},[44,105670,360],{"class":278},[44,105672,20],{"class":282},[44,105674,351],{"class":278},[44,105676,66],{"class":58},[44,105678,360],{"class":278},[44,105680,59825],{"class":282},[44,105682,351],{"class":278},[44,105684,66],{"class":58},[44,105686,360],{"class":278},[44,105688,672],{"class":282},[44,105690,351],{"class":278},[44,105692,77],{"class":58},[693,105694,4532,105696,105699],{"id":105695},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105697,105698],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105701,105702,28053,105704,105707],{},[15,105703,3167],{},[116,105705,105706],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105709,105710],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,105712,105714],{"className":37,"code":105713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105715,105716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105717,105718,105720,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738,105740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105719,106],{"class":105},[44,105721,93],{"class":58},[44,105723,1214],{"class":909},[44,105725,650],{"class":58},[44,105727,63],{"class":62},[44,105729,66],{"class":58},[44,105731,69],{"class":62},[44,105733,66],{"class":58},[44,105735,74],{"class":62},[44,105737,66],{"class":58},[44,105739,143],{"class":62},[44,105741,2368],{"class":58},[30,105743,1279],{"id":1278},[165,105745,105746,105750,105754,105758,105762],{},[168,105747,105748],{},[184,105749,187],{"href":186},[168,105751,105752],{},[184,105753,103746],{"href":191},[168,105755,105756],{},[184,105757,99598],{"href":104597},[168,105759,105760],{},[184,105761,104304],{"href":64216},[168,105763,105764],{},[184,105765,105440],{"href":105439},[1304,105767,105768],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":105770},[105771,105772,105773,105774,105775,105781,105782,105783,105791,105801,105802,105810],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":103922,"depth":80,"text":103923},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":104307,"depth":80,"text":104308},{"id":104494,"depth":80,"text":104495,"children":105776},[105777,105778,105779,105780],{"id":104498,"depth":102,"text":104499},{"id":104600,"depth":102,"text":104601},{"id":104684,"depth":102,"text":104685},{"id":104776,"depth":102,"text":104777},{"id":104844,"depth":80,"text":104845},{"id":105058,"depth":80,"text":105059},{"id":105167,"depth":80,"text":105168,"children":105784},[105785,105787,105789],{"id":105174,"depth":102,"text":105786},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105227,"depth":102,"text":105788},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105292,"depth":102,"text":105790},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":105792},[105793,105794,105796,105797,105799],{"id":99131,"depth":102,"text":99639},{"id":105407,"depth":102,"text":105795},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105443,"depth":102,"text":105444},{"id":105481,"depth":102,"text":105798},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105490,"depth":102,"text":105800},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60078,"depth":80,"text":60079},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":105803},[105804,105805,105806,105807,105808],{"id":105594,"depth":102,"text":105595},{"id":105601,"depth":102,"text":105602},{"id":105613,"depth":102,"text":105614},{"id":105620,"depth":102,"text":105621},{"id":105695,"depth":102,"text":105809},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103804,"description":105811},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105818,"title":105819,"body":105820,"description":107335,"extension":1334,"meta":107336,"navigation":322,"path":107337,"seo":107338,"stem":107339,"__hash__":107340},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105821,"toc":107311},[105822,105828,105833,105836,105919,105924,105929,105934,105936,105949,105953,105955,105974,105977,106000,106003,106014,106016,106097,106099,106116,106118,106124,106127,106222,106224,106255,106257,106265,106267,106270,106381,106383,106408,106410,106432,106437,106442,106448,106557,106559,106575,106578,106581,106664,106666,106683,106691,106693,106697,106703,106794,106796,106829,106834,106841,106918,106920,106937,106943,106945,106949,106965,106968,106994,106996,107057,107059,107182,107184,107235,107241,107243,107248,107250,107256,107259,107263,107266,107270,107273,107283,107285,107308],[10,105823,2945,105825,18],{"id":105824},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105826,105827],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105829,1351,105830,105832],{},[15,105831,105827],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,105834,105835],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,105837,105839],{"className":37,"code":105838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,105840,105841,105861,105881,105885,105904,105914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105842,105843,105845,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105844,1925],{"class":50},[44,105846,55],{"class":54},[44,105848,59],{"class":58},[44,105850,63],{"class":62},[44,105852,66],{"class":58},[44,105854,69],{"class":62},[44,105856,66],{"class":58},[44,105858,74],{"class":62},[44,105860,77],{"class":58},[44,105862,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871,105873,105875,105877,105879],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,105864,1953],{"class":50},[44,105866,55],{"class":54},[44,105868,59],{"class":58},[44,105870,472],{"class":62},[44,105872,66],{"class":58},[44,105874,74],{"class":62},[44,105876,66],{"class":58},[44,105878,143],{"class":62},[44,105880,77],{"class":58},[44,105882,105883],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105884,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,105886,105887,105889,105891,105893,105895,105898,105900,105902],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,105888,1602],{"class":50},[44,105890,55],{"class":54},[44,105892,56256],{"class":50},[44,105894,86],{"class":58},[44,105896,105897],{"class":89},"intersection",[44,105899,93],{"class":58},[44,105901,563],{"class":89},[44,105903,99],{"class":58},[44,105905,105906,105908,105910,105912],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,105907,106],{"class":105},[44,105909,93],{"class":58},[44,105911,1637],{"class":89},[44,105913,99],{"class":58},[44,105915,105916],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,105917,105918],{"class":3034},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,105920,148,105921,105923],{},[15,105922,102045],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,105925,12369,105927,12372],{"id":105926},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,105928,102045],{},[20,105930,105931,105933],{},[15,105932,102045],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,105935,12425],{},[165,105937,105938,105941,105943,105946],{},[168,105939,105940],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[168,105942,99815],{},[168,105944,105945],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[168,105947,105948],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,105950,182,105951,86],{},[184,105952,187],{"href":186},[30,105954,196],{"id":195},[35,105956,105958],{"className":37,"code":105957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,105959,105960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105961,105962,105964,105966,105968,105970,105972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105963,99839],{"class":50},[44,105965,86],{"class":58},[44,105967,105897],{"class":89},[44,105969,93],{"class":58},[44,105971,99848],{"class":89},[44,105973,99],{"class":58},[20,105975,105976],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,105978,105980],{"className":37,"code":105979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,105981,105982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105983,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105985,99839],{"class":50},[44,105987,86],{"class":58},[44,105989,105897],{"class":89},[44,105991,93],{"class":58},[44,105993,99848],{"class":89},[44,105995,66],{"class":58},[44,105997,99875],{"class":89},[44,105999,99],{"class":58},[20,106001,106002],{},"Important notes:",[165,106004,106005,106008,106011],{},[168,106006,106007],{},"The result is always a new set",[168,106009,106010],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[168,106012,106013],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106015,894],{},[35,106017,106019],{"className":37,"code":106018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106020,106021,106045,106065,106069,106087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106022,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106024,1925],{"class":50},[44,106026,55],{"class":54},[44,106028,59],{"class":58},[44,106030,63],{"class":62},[44,106032,66],{"class":58},[44,106034,69],{"class":62},[44,106036,66],{"class":58},[44,106038,74],{"class":62},[44,106040,66],{"class":58},[44,106042,143],{"class":62},[44,106044,77],{"class":58},[44,106046,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106048,1953],{"class":50},[44,106050,55],{"class":54},[44,106052,59],{"class":58},[44,106054,1433],{"class":62},[44,106056,66],{"class":58},[44,106058,143],{"class":62},[44,106060,66],{"class":58},[44,106062,1064],{"class":62},[44,106064,77],{"class":58},[44,106066,106067],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106068,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106070,106071,106073,106075,106077,106079,106081,106083,106085],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,106072,1602],{"class":50},[44,106074,55],{"class":54},[44,106076,56256],{"class":50},[44,106078,86],{"class":58},[44,106080,105897],{"class":89},[44,106082,93],{"class":58},[44,106084,563],{"class":89},[44,106086,99],{"class":58},[44,106088,106089,106091,106093,106095],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106090,106],{"class":105},[44,106092,93],{"class":58},[44,106094,1637],{"class":89},[44,106096,99],{"class":58},[20,106098,118],{},[35,106100,106102],{"className":37,"code":106101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106103,106104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106105,106106,106108,106110,106112,106114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106107,128],{"class":58},[44,106109,1433],{"class":62},[44,106111,66],{"class":58},[44,106113,143],{"class":62},[44,106115,77],{"class":58},[30,106117,722],{"id":721},[20,106119,106120,21342,106122,86],{},[15,106121,102045],{},[116,106123,1214],{},[20,106125,106126],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,106128,106130],{"className":37,"code":106129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106131,106132,106152,106172,106176,106194,106198,106208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106133,106134,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146,106148,106150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106135,1925],{"class":50},[44,106137,55],{"class":54},[44,106139,59],{"class":58},[44,106141,63],{"class":62},[44,106143,66],{"class":58},[44,106145,69],{"class":62},[44,106147,66],{"class":58},[44,106149,74],{"class":62},[44,106151,77],{"class":58},[44,106153,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106155,1953],{"class":50},[44,106157,55],{"class":54},[44,106159,59],{"class":58},[44,106161,472],{"class":62},[44,106163,66],{"class":58},[44,106165,74],{"class":62},[44,106167,66],{"class":58},[44,106169,143],{"class":62},[44,106171,77],{"class":58},[44,106173,106174],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106175,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106177,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,106179,1602],{"class":50},[44,106181,55],{"class":54},[44,106183,56256],{"class":50},[44,106185,86],{"class":58},[44,106187,105897],{"class":89},[44,106189,93],{"class":58},[44,106191,563],{"class":89},[44,106193,99],{"class":58},[44,106195,106196],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106197,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106199,106200,106202,106204,106206],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,106201,106],{"class":105},[44,106203,93],{"class":58},[44,106205,1637],{"class":89},[44,106207,99],{"class":58},[44,106209,106210,106212,106214,106216,106218,106220],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,106211,106],{"class":105},[44,106213,93],{"class":58},[44,106215,1090],{"class":909},[44,106217,93],{"class":58},[44,106219,1637],{"class":89},[44,106221,973],{"class":58},[20,106223,118],{},[35,106225,106227],{"className":37,"code":106226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106228,106229,106241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106230,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106232,128],{"class":58},[44,106234,472],{"class":62},[44,106236,66],{"class":58},[44,106238,74],{"class":62},[44,106240,77],{"class":58},[44,106242,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106244,2659],{"class":54},[44,106246,2662],{"class":1436},[44,106248,360],{"class":278},[44,106250,1214],{"class":282},[44,106252,351],{"class":278},[44,106254,2671],{"class":54},[20,106256,85179],{},[165,106258,106259,106262],{},[168,106260,106261],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[168,106263,106264],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,106266,258],{"id":257},[20,106268,106269],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,106271,106273],{"className":37,"code":106272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106274,106275,106308,106341,106345,106366,106370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106276,106277,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296,106298,106300,106302,106304,106306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106278,106279],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,106281,55],{"class":54},[44,106283,59],{"class":58},[44,106285,279],{"class":278},[44,106287,283],{"class":282},[44,106289,279],{"class":278},[44,106291,66],{"class":58},[44,106293,290],{"class":278},[44,106295,293],{"class":282},[44,106297,279],{"class":278},[44,106299,66],{"class":58},[44,106301,290],{"class":278},[44,106303,313],{"class":282},[44,106305,279],{"class":278},[44,106307,77],{"class":58},[44,106309,106310,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106311,106312],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,106314,55],{"class":54},[44,106316,59],{"class":58},[44,106318,279],{"class":278},[44,106320,313],{"class":282},[44,106322,279],{"class":278},[44,106324,66],{"class":58},[44,106326,290],{"class":278},[44,106328,21891],{"class":282},[44,106330,279],{"class":278},[44,106332,66],{"class":58},[44,106334,290],{"class":278},[44,106336,293],{"class":282},[44,106338,279],{"class":278},[44,106340,77],{"class":58},[44,106342,106343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106344,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106346,106347,106350,106352,106355,106357,106359,106361,106364],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,106348,106349],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,106351,55],{"class":54},[44,106353,106354],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,106356,86],{"class":58},[44,106358,105897],{"class":89},[44,106360,93],{"class":58},[44,106362,106363],{"class":89},"colors2",[44,106365,99],{"class":58},[44,106367,106368],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106369,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106371,106372,106374,106376,106379],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,106373,106],{"class":105},[44,106375,93],{"class":58},[44,106377,106378],{"class":89},"common_colors",[44,106380,99],{"class":58},[20,106382,118],{},[35,106384,106386],{"className":37,"code":106385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106387,106388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106389,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106391,128],{"class":58},[44,106393,351],{"class":278},[44,106395,293],{"class":282},[44,106397,351],{"class":278},[44,106399,66],{"class":58},[44,106401,360],{"class":278},[44,106403,313],{"class":282},[44,106405,351],{"class":278},[44,106407,77],{"class":58},[20,106409,11056],{},[165,106411,106412,106418,106422,106427],{},[168,106413,106414,106417],{},[15,106415,106416],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[168,106419,106420,106417],{},[15,106421,106363],{},[168,106423,106424,106426],{},[15,106425,102045],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[168,106428,106429,106430],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106431,106378],{},[30,106433,1123,106435,100412],{"id":106434},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106436,102045],{},[20,106438,106439,106440,86],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106441,102045],{},[20,106443,106444,106445,106447],{},"Only the values found in ",[116,106446,3086],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,106449,106451],{"className":37,"code":106450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106452,106453,106477,106501,106521,106525,106547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106454,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106456,1925],{"class":50},[44,106458,55],{"class":54},[44,106460,59],{"class":58},[44,106462,63],{"class":62},[44,106464,66],{"class":58},[44,106466,69],{"class":62},[44,106468,66],{"class":58},[44,106470,74],{"class":62},[44,106472,66],{"class":58},[44,106474,143],{"class":62},[44,106476,77],{"class":58},[44,106478,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106480,1953],{"class":50},[44,106482,55],{"class":54},[44,106484,59],{"class":58},[44,106486,472],{"class":62},[44,106488,66],{"class":58},[44,106490,74],{"class":62},[44,106492,66],{"class":58},[44,106494,143],{"class":62},[44,106496,66],{"class":58},[44,106498,1064],{"class":62},[44,106500,77],{"class":58},[44,106502,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106504,82553],{"class":50},[44,106506,55],{"class":54},[44,106508,59],{"class":58},[44,106510,1433],{"class":62},[44,106512,66],{"class":58},[44,106514,143],{"class":62},[44,106516,66],{"class":58},[44,106518,37011],{"class":62},[44,106520,77],{"class":58},[44,106522,106523],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,106524,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106526,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539,106541,106543,106545],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106528,1602],{"class":50},[44,106530,55],{"class":54},[44,106532,56256],{"class":50},[44,106534,86],{"class":58},[44,106536,105897],{"class":89},[44,106538,93],{"class":58},[44,106540,563],{"class":89},[44,106542,66],{"class":58},[44,106544,9059],{"class":89},[44,106546,99],{"class":58},[44,106548,106549,106551,106553,106555],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,106550,106],{"class":105},[44,106552,93],{"class":58},[44,106554,1637],{"class":89},[44,106556,99],{"class":58},[20,106558,118],{},[35,106560,106561],{"className":37,"code":106101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106562,106563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106564,106565,106567,106569,106571,106573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106566,128],{"class":58},[44,106568,1433],{"class":62},[44,106570,66],{"class":58},[44,106572,143],{"class":62},[44,106574,77],{"class":58},[20,106576,106577],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106579,106580],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,106582,106584],{"className":37,"code":106583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106585,106586,106610,106614,106654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106587,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106589,1925],{"class":50},[44,106591,55],{"class":54},[44,106593,59],{"class":58},[44,106595,63],{"class":62},[44,106597,66],{"class":58},[44,106599,69],{"class":62},[44,106601,66],{"class":58},[44,106603,74],{"class":62},[44,106605,66],{"class":58},[44,106607,143],{"class":62},[44,106609,77],{"class":58},[44,106611,106612],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106613,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106615,106616,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106617,1602],{"class":50},[44,106619,55],{"class":54},[44,106621,56256],{"class":50},[44,106623,86],{"class":58},[44,106625,105897],{"class":89},[44,106627,650],{"class":58},[44,106629,472],{"class":62},[44,106631,66],{"class":58},[44,106633,143],{"class":62},[44,106635,66],{"class":58},[44,106637,37011],{"class":62},[44,106639,17428],{"class":58},[44,106641,8615],{"class":58},[44,106643,63],{"class":62},[44,106645,66],{"class":58},[44,106647,69],{"class":62},[44,106649,66],{"class":58},[44,106651,143],{"class":62},[44,106653,973],{"class":58},[44,106655,106656,106658,106660,106662],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,106657,106],{"class":105},[44,106659,93],{"class":58},[44,106661,1637],{"class":89},[44,106663,99],{"class":58},[20,106665,118],{},[35,106667,106669],{"className":37,"code":106668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106670,106671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106672,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106674,128],{"class":58},[44,106676,472],{"class":62},[44,106678,66],{"class":58},[44,106680,143],{"class":62},[44,106682,77],{"class":58},[30,106684,106686,525,106688],{"id":106685},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106687,102045],{},[15,106689,106690],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106692,100582],{},[693,106694,106695],{"id":105897},[15,106696,102045],{},[165,106698,106699,106701],{},[168,106700,100591],{},[168,106702,100594],{},[35,106704,106706],{"className":37,"code":106705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106707,106708,106728,106748,106752,106770,106774,106784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106709,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722,106724,106726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106711,1925],{"class":50},[44,106713,55],{"class":54},[44,106715,59],{"class":58},[44,106717,63],{"class":62},[44,106719,66],{"class":58},[44,106721,69],{"class":62},[44,106723,66],{"class":58},[44,106725,74],{"class":62},[44,106727,77],{"class":58},[44,106729,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106731,1953],{"class":50},[44,106733,55],{"class":54},[44,106735,59],{"class":58},[44,106737,472],{"class":62},[44,106739,66],{"class":58},[44,106741,74],{"class":62},[44,106743,66],{"class":58},[44,106745,143],{"class":62},[44,106747,77],{"class":58},[44,106749,106750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106751,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106753,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,106755,1602],{"class":50},[44,106757,55],{"class":54},[44,106759,56256],{"class":50},[44,106761,86],{"class":58},[44,106763,105897],{"class":89},[44,106765,93],{"class":58},[44,106767,563],{"class":89},[44,106769,99],{"class":58},[44,106771,106772],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106773,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106775,106776,106778,106780,106782],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,106777,106],{"class":105},[44,106779,93],{"class":58},[44,106781,184],{"class":89},[44,106783,99],{"class":58},[44,106785,106786,106788,106790,106792],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,106787,106],{"class":105},[44,106789,93],{"class":58},[44,106791,1637],{"class":89},[44,106793,99],{"class":58},[20,106795,118],{},[35,106797,106799],{"className":37,"code":106798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106800,106801,106817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106802,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106804,128],{"class":58},[44,106806,63],{"class":62},[44,106808,66],{"class":58},[44,106810,69],{"class":62},[44,106812,66],{"class":58},[44,106814,74],{"class":62},[44,106816,77],{"class":58},[44,106818,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106820,128],{"class":58},[44,106822,472],{"class":62},[44,106824,66],{"class":58},[44,106826,74],{"class":62},[44,106828,77],{"class":58},[693,106830,106832],{"id":106831},"intersection_update",[15,106833,106690],{},[165,106835,106836,106838],{},[168,106837,100734],{},[168,106839,106840],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,106842,106844],{"className":37,"code":106843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,106845,106846,106866,106886,106890,106904,106908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106847,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106849,1925],{"class":50},[44,106851,55],{"class":54},[44,106853,59],{"class":58},[44,106855,63],{"class":62},[44,106857,66],{"class":58},[44,106859,69],{"class":62},[44,106861,66],{"class":58},[44,106863,74],{"class":62},[44,106865,77],{"class":58},[44,106867,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,106869,1953],{"class":50},[44,106871,55],{"class":54},[44,106873,59],{"class":58},[44,106875,472],{"class":62},[44,106877,66],{"class":58},[44,106879,74],{"class":62},[44,106881,66],{"class":58},[44,106883,143],{"class":62},[44,106885,77],{"class":58},[44,106887,106888],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106889,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106891,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,106893,184],{"class":50},[44,106895,86],{"class":58},[44,106897,106831],{"class":89},[44,106899,93],{"class":58},[44,106901,563],{"class":89},[44,106903,99],{"class":58},[44,106905,106906],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106907,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,106909,106910,106912,106914,106916],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,106911,106],{"class":105},[44,106913,93],{"class":58},[44,106915,184],{"class":89},[44,106917,99],{"class":58},[20,106919,118],{},[35,106921,106923],{"className":37,"code":106922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,106924,106925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106926,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106928,128],{"class":58},[44,106930,472],{"class":62},[44,106932,66],{"class":58},[44,106934,74],{"class":62},[44,106936,77],{"class":58},[20,106938,106939,106940,106942],{},"Choose ",[15,106941,102045],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,106944,3892],{"id":3891},[20,106946,1116,106947,1084],{},[15,106948,102045],{},[165,106950,106951,106954,106957,106960],{},[168,106952,106953],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[168,106955,106956],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[168,106958,106959],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[168,106961,106962,106963],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,106964,102045],{},[20,106966,106967],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[165,106969,106970,106975,106978,106991],{},[168,106971,1123,106972,106974],{},[15,106973,102045],{}," when order matters",[168,106976,106977],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[168,106979,1138,106980,8082,106982,188,106987],{},[15,106981,102045],{},[184,106983,106985],{"href":106984},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,106986,102053],{},[184,106988,106989],{"href":102094},[15,106990,99668],{},[168,106992,106993],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,106995,29501],{},[35,106997,106999],{"className":37,"code":106998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107000,107001,107011,107025,107043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107002,107003,107005,107007,107009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107004,106],{"class":105},[44,107006,93],{"class":58},[44,107008,206],{"class":89},[44,107010,99],{"class":58},[44,107012,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107014,106],{"class":105},[44,107016,93],{"class":58},[44,107018,1090],{"class":909},[44,107020,93],{"class":58},[44,107022,1637],{"class":89},[44,107024,973],{"class":58},[44,107026,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037,107039,107041],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107028,106],{"class":105},[44,107030,93],{"class":58},[44,107032,99839],{"class":89},[44,107034,86],{"class":58},[44,107036,105897],{"class":89},[44,107038,93],{"class":58},[44,107040,99848],{"class":89},[44,107042,973],{"class":58},[44,107044,107045,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,107046,106],{"class":105},[44,107048,93],{"class":58},[44,107050,10537],{"class":105},[44,107052,93],{"class":58},[44,107054,1637],{"class":89},[44,107056,973],{"class":58},[20,107058,894],{},[35,107060,107062],{"className":37,"code":107061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107063,107064,107088,107108,107112,107130,107134,107144,107154,107168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107065,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107067,51],{"class":50},[44,107069,55],{"class":54},[44,107071,59],{"class":58},[44,107073,63],{"class":62},[44,107075,66],{"class":58},[44,107077,69],{"class":62},[44,107079,66],{"class":58},[44,107081,69],{"class":62},[44,107083,66],{"class":58},[44,107085,74],{"class":62},[44,107087,77],{"class":58},[44,107089,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107091,42919],{"class":50},[44,107093,55],{"class":54},[44,107095,59],{"class":58},[44,107097,472],{"class":62},[44,107099,66],{"class":58},[44,107101,74],{"class":62},[44,107103,66],{"class":58},[44,107105,143],{"class":62},[44,107107,77],{"class":58},[44,107109,107110],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107111,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,107113,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,107115,1602],{"class":50},[44,107117,55],{"class":54},[44,107119,3635],{"class":50},[44,107121,86],{"class":58},[44,107123,105897],{"class":89},[44,107125,93],{"class":58},[44,107127,30108],{"class":89},[44,107129,99],{"class":58},[44,107131,107132],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107133,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,107135,107136,107138,107140,107142],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,107137,106],{"class":105},[44,107139,93],{"class":58},[44,107141,83],{"class":89},[44,107143,99],{"class":58},[44,107145,107146,107148,107150,107152],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,107147,106],{"class":105},[44,107149,93],{"class":58},[44,107151,1637],{"class":89},[44,107153,99],{"class":58},[44,107155,107156,107158,107160,107162,107164,107166],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,107157,106],{"class":105},[44,107159,93],{"class":58},[44,107161,1090],{"class":909},[44,107163,93],{"class":58},[44,107165,1637],{"class":89},[44,107167,973],{"class":58},[44,107169,107170,107172,107174,107176,107178,107180],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,107171,106],{"class":105},[44,107173,93],{"class":58},[44,107175,10537],{"class":105},[44,107177,93],{"class":58},[44,107179,1637],{"class":89},[44,107181,973],{"class":58},[20,107183,118],{},[35,107185,107187],{"className":37,"code":107186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107188,107189,107205,107217,107231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107190,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107192,128],{"class":58},[44,107194,63],{"class":62},[44,107196,66],{"class":58},[44,107198,69],{"class":62},[44,107200,66],{"class":58},[44,107202,74],{"class":62},[44,107204,77],{"class":58},[44,107206,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107208,128],{"class":58},[44,107210,472],{"class":62},[44,107212,66],{"class":58},[44,107214,74],{"class":62},[44,107216,77],{"class":58},[44,107218,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107220,2659],{"class":54},[44,107222,2662],{"class":1436},[44,107224,360],{"class":278},[44,107226,1214],{"class":282},[44,107228,351],{"class":278},[44,107230,2671],{"class":54},[44,107232,107233],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,107234,16425],{"class":62},[20,107236,107237,107238,107240],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107239,472],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,107242,1235],{"id":1234},[693,107244,1239,107246,101993],{"id":107245},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107247,102045],{},[20,107249,101996],{},[693,107251,4544,107253,107255],{"id":107252},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107254,102045],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107257,107258],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[693,107260,107262],{"id":107261},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107264,107265],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[693,107267,107269],{"id":107268},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107271,107272],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,107274,107275],{"className":37,"code":96712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107276,107277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107278,107279,107281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107280,1214],{"class":909},[44,107282,913],{"class":58},[30,107284,1279],{"id":1278},[165,107286,107287,107291,107298,107304],{},[168,107288,107289],{},[184,107290,187],{"href":186},[168,107292,107293],{},[184,107294,2945,107295,718],{"href":106984},[15,107296,107297],{},"set.union()",[168,107299,107300],{},[184,107301,2945,107302,718],{"href":102094},[15,107303,99673],{},[168,107305,107306],{},[184,107307,99598],{"href":104597},[1304,107309,107310],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":107312},[107313,107315,107316,107317,107318,107320,107325,107326,107334],{"id":105926,"depth":80,"text":107314},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":106434,"depth":80,"text":107319},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106685,"depth":80,"text":107321,"children":107322},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107323,107324],{"id":105897,"depth":102,"text":102045},{"id":106831,"depth":102,"text":106690},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":107327},[107328,107330,107332,107333],{"id":107245,"depth":102,"text":107329},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107252,"depth":102,"text":107331},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107261,"depth":102,"text":107262},{"id":107268,"depth":102,"text":107269},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105819,"description":107335},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107342,"title":107343,"body":107344,"description":108580,"extension":1334,"meta":108581,"navigation":322,"path":108582,"seo":108583,"stem":108584,"__hash__":108585},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107345,"toc":108547},[107346,107351,107357,107366,107368,107443,107448,107463,107473,107478,107482,107495,107499,107501,107516,107518,107534,107536,107611,107615,107618,107620,107637,107642,107697,107702,107714,107718,107721,107822,107824,107865,107868,107872,107879,107881,107906,107909,107927,107934,107940,107943,108025,108032,108035,108115,108124,108127,108132,108136,108150,108199,108204,108208,108219,108268,108279,108284,108288,108300,108349,108360,108362,108366,108389,108391,108448,108450,108464,108466,108472,108478,108484,108493,108497,108504,108508,108516,108518,108544],[10,107347,13,107349,18],{"id":107348},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107350,12135],{},[20,107352,107353,107356],{},[15,107354,107355],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107358,107359,107360,107362,107363,107365],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[116,107361,736],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107364,12135],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,107367,33],{"id":32},[35,107369,107371],{"className":37,"code":107370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107372,107373,107405,107419,107423,107433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107374,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401,107403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107376,904],{"class":50},[44,107378,55],{"class":54},[44,107380,59],{"class":58},[44,107382,279],{"class":278},[44,107384,3450],{"class":282},[44,107386,279],{"class":278},[44,107388,66],{"class":58},[44,107390,290],{"class":278},[44,107392,3459],{"class":282},[44,107394,279],{"class":278},[44,107396,66],{"class":58},[44,107398,290],{"class":278},[44,107400,3468],{"class":282},[44,107402,279],{"class":278},[44,107404,77],{"class":58},[44,107406,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107408,69303],{"class":50},[44,107410,55],{"class":54},[44,107412,5342],{"class":50},[44,107414,86],{"class":58},[44,107416,25608],{"class":89},[44,107418,913],{"class":58},[44,107420,107421],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107422,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,107424,107425,107427,107429,107431],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,107426,106],{"class":105},[44,107428,93],{"class":58},[44,107430,69326],{"class":89},[44,107432,99],{"class":58},[44,107434,107435,107437,107439,107441],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107436,106],{"class":105},[44,107438,93],{"class":58},[44,107440,922],{"class":89},[44,107442,99],{"class":58},[20,107444,107445],{},[116,107446,107447],{},"What this does:",[165,107449,107450,107455,107460],{},[168,107451,107452,107453],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107454,922],{},[168,107456,107457,107458],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107459,69326],{},[168,107461,107462],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107464,107465,88330,107467,107469,107470,107472],{},[116,107466,83188],{},[15,107468,107355],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[116,107471,736],{}," chosen by index.",[30,107474,155,107476,158],{"id":107475},"what-setpop-does",[15,107477,107355],{},[20,107479,107480,1084],{},[15,107481,107355],{},[165,107483,107484,107486,107489,107492],{},[168,107485,102296],{},[168,107487,107488],{},"Returns the removed item",[168,107490,107491],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[168,107493,107494],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107496,182,107497,86],{},[184,107498,187],{"href":96753},[30,107500,196],{"id":195},[35,107502,107504],{"className":37,"code":107503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107505,107506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107507,107508,107510,107512,107514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107509,206],{"class":50},[44,107511,86],{"class":58},[44,107513,25608],{"class":89},[44,107515,913],{"class":58},[20,107517,12425],{},[165,107519,107520,107526,107531],{},[168,107521,107522,107523],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107524,107525],{},"my_set.pop()",[168,107527,107528,107529],{},"It takes ",[116,107530,28056],{},[168,107532,107533],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107535,894],{},[35,107537,107539],{"className":37,"code":107538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107540,107541,107573,107587,107591,107601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107542,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107544,271],{"class":50},[44,107546,55],{"class":54},[44,107548,59],{"class":58},[44,107550,279],{"class":278},[44,107552,283],{"class":282},[44,107554,279],{"class":278},[44,107556,66],{"class":58},[44,107558,290],{"class":278},[44,107560,293],{"class":282},[44,107562,279],{"class":278},[44,107564,66],{"class":58},[44,107566,290],{"class":278},[44,107568,313],{"class":282},[44,107570,279],{"class":278},[44,107572,77],{"class":58},[44,107574,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107576,27906],{"class":50},[44,107578,55],{"class":54},[44,107580,12494],{"class":50},[44,107582,86],{"class":58},[44,107584,25608],{"class":89},[44,107586,913],{"class":58},[44,107588,107589],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107590,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,107592,107593,107595,107597,107599],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,107594,106],{"class":105},[44,107596,93],{"class":58},[44,107598,215],{"class":89},[44,107600,99],{"class":58},[44,107602,107603,107605,107607,107609],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107604,106],{"class":105},[44,107606,93],{"class":58},[44,107608,302],{"class":89},[44,107610,99],{"class":58},[30,107612,107614],{"id":107613},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107616,107617],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107619,1478],{},[165,107621,107622,107628,107631],{},[168,107623,107624,107625,107627],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107626,12135],{}," removes",[168,107629,107630],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[168,107632,107633,107634,107636],{},"You should not use ",[15,107635,12135],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107638,9838,107639,107641],{},[116,107640,736],{}," valid:",[35,107643,107645],{"className":37,"code":107644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107646,107647,107679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107648,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107650,35606],{"class":50},[44,107652,55],{"class":54},[44,107654,59],{"class":58},[44,107656,279],{"class":278},[44,107658,3450],{"class":282},[44,107660,279],{"class":278},[44,107662,66],{"class":58},[44,107664,290],{"class":278},[44,107666,3459],{"class":282},[44,107668,279],{"class":278},[44,107670,66],{"class":58},[44,107672,290],{"class":278},[44,107674,3468],{"class":282},[44,107676,279],{"class":278},[44,107678,77],{"class":58},[44,107680,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107682,35658],{"class":50},[44,107684,86],{"class":58},[44,107686,25608],{"class":89},[44,107688,93],{"class":58},[44,107690,279],{"class":278},[44,107692,3450],{"class":282},[44,107694,279],{"class":278},[44,107696,99],{"class":58},[20,107698,39022,107699,107701],{},[15,107700,107355],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107703,107704,107705,188,107709,86],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[184,107706,107707],{"href":97463},[15,107708,102122],{},[184,107710,107712],{"href":107711},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107713,102113],{},[30,107715,107717],{"id":107716},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107719,107720],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,107722,107724],{"className":37,"code":107723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107725,107726,107760,107764,107780,107784,107803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107727,107728,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107756,107758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107729,107730],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,107732,55],{"class":54},[44,107734,59],{"class":58},[44,107736,279],{"class":278},[44,107738,36415],{"class":282},[44,107740,279],{"class":278},[44,107742,66],{"class":58},[44,107744,290],{"class":278},[44,107746,57496],{"class":282},[44,107748,279],{"class":278},[44,107750,66],{"class":58},[44,107752,290],{"class":278},[44,107754,107755],{"class":282},"rabbit",[44,107757,279],{"class":278},[44,107759,77],{"class":58},[44,107761,107762],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107763,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,107765,107766,107769,107771,107774,107776,107778],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107767,107768],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,107770,55],{"class":54},[44,107772,107773],{"class":50}," animals",[44,107775,86],{"class":58},[44,107777,25608],{"class":89},[44,107779,913],{"class":58},[44,107781,107782],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,107783,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,107785,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107801],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107787,106],{"class":105},[44,107789,93],{"class":58},[44,107791,279],{"class":278},[44,107793,28324],{"class":282},[44,107795,279],{"class":278},[44,107797,66],{"class":58},[44,107799,107800],{"class":89}," removed_animal",[44,107802,99],{"class":58},[44,107804,107805,107807,107809,107811,107814,107816,107818,107820],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,107806,106],{"class":105},[44,107808,93],{"class":58},[44,107810,279],{"class":278},[44,107812,107813],{"class":282},"Updated set:",[44,107815,279],{"class":278},[44,107817,66],{"class":58},[44,107819,107773],{"class":89},[44,107821,99],{"class":58},[20,107823,339],{},[35,107825,107827],{"className":37,"code":107826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,107828,107829,107838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107830,107831,107833,107835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107832,28366],{"class":50},[44,107834,1084],{"class":58},[44,107836,107837],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,107839,107840,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107841,107842],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,107844,1214],{"class":909},[44,107846,1084],{"class":58},[44,107848,59],{"class":58},[44,107850,351],{"class":278},[44,107852,36415],{"class":282},[44,107854,351],{"class":278},[44,107856,66],{"class":58},[44,107858,360],{"class":278},[44,107860,107755],{"class":282},[44,107862,351],{"class":278},[44,107864,77],{"class":58},[20,107866,107867],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,107869,107871],{"id":107870},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,107873,29018,107874,107876,107877,86],{},[15,107875,12135],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,107878,19053],{},[20,107880,894],{},[35,107882,107884],{"className":37,"code":107883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,107885,107886,107896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107887,107888,107890,107892,107894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107889,904],{"class":50},[44,107891,55],{"class":54},[44,107893,910],{"class":909},[44,107895,913],{"class":58},[44,107897,107898,107900,107902,107904],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107899,922],{"class":50},[44,107901,86],{"class":58},[44,107903,25608],{"class":89},[44,107905,913],{"class":58},[20,107907,107908],{},"This raises:",[35,107910,107912],{"className":37,"code":107911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,107913,107914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107915,107916,107918,107920,107922,107925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107917,19053],{"class":909},[44,107919,1084],{"class":58},[44,107921,360],{"class":278},[44,107923,107924],{"class":282},"pop from an empty set",[44,107926,1100],{"class":278},[20,107928,107929,107930,107933],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[184,107931,107932],{"href":10450},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[693,107935,107937,107938],{"id":107936},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,107939,12135],{},[20,107941,107942],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,107944,107946],{"className":37,"code":107945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,107947,107948,107958,107962,107970,107985,108004,108010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107949,107950,107952,107954,107956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107951,904],{"class":50},[44,107953,55],{"class":54},[44,107955,910],{"class":909},[44,107957,913],{"class":58},[44,107959,107960],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,107961,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,107963,107964,107966,107968],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107965,6374],{"class":3246},[44,107967,5342],{"class":50},[44,107969,5770],{"class":58},[44,107971,107972,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,107973,107974],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,107976,55],{"class":54},[44,107978,5342],{"class":50},[44,107980,86],{"class":58},[44,107982,25608],{"class":89},[44,107984,913],{"class":58},[44,107986,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999,108002],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107988,7447],{"class":105},[44,107990,93],{"class":58},[44,107992,279],{"class":278},[44,107994,28324],{"class":282},[44,107996,279],{"class":278},[44,107998,66],{"class":58},[44,108000,108001],{"class":89}," removed",[44,108003,99],{"class":58},[44,108005,108006,108008],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,108007,26801],{"class":3246},[44,108009,5770],{"class":58},[44,108011,108012,108014,108016,108018,108021,108023],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,108013,7447],{"class":105},[44,108015,93],{"class":58},[44,108017,279],{"class":278},[44,108019,108020],{"class":282},"The set is empty.",[44,108022,279],{"class":278},[44,108024,99],{"class":58},[693,108026,148,108028,3766,108030],{"id":108027},"use-try-and-except",[15,108029,29170],{},[15,108031,29201],{},[20,108033,108034],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,108036,108038],{"className":37,"code":108037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108039,108040,108050,108054,108060,108074,108092,108100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108041,108042,108044,108046,108048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108043,904],{"class":50},[44,108045,55],{"class":54},[44,108047,910],{"class":909},[44,108049,913],{"class":58},[44,108051,108052],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108053,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,108055,108056,108058],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108057,29170],{"class":3246},[44,108059,5770],{"class":58},[44,108061,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,108063,107974],{"class":50},[44,108065,55],{"class":54},[44,108067,5342],{"class":50},[44,108069,86],{"class":58},[44,108071,25608],{"class":89},[44,108073,913],{"class":58},[44,108075,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086,108088,108090],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,108077,7447],{"class":105},[44,108079,93],{"class":58},[44,108081,279],{"class":278},[44,108083,28324],{"class":282},[44,108085,279],{"class":278},[44,108087,66],{"class":58},[44,108089,108001],{"class":89},[44,108091,99],{"class":58},[44,108093,108094,108096,108098],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,108095,29201],{"class":3246},[44,108097,29204],{"class":909},[44,108099,5770],{"class":58},[44,108101,108102,108104,108106,108108,108111,108113],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,108103,7447],{"class":105},[44,108105,93],{"class":58},[44,108107,279],{"class":278},[44,108109,108110],{"class":282},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,108112,279],{"class":278},[44,108114,99],{"class":58},[30,108116,4334,108118,525,108120,525,108122],{"id":108117},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108119,12135],{},[15,108121,54900],{},[15,108123,102108],{},[20,108125,108126],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[693,108128,148,108130],{"id":108129},"use-pop",[15,108131,12135],{},[20,108133,148,108134,9977],{},[15,108135,12135],{},[165,108137,108138,108144,108147],{},[168,108139,108140,108141],{},"You want to remove ",[116,108142,108143],{},"any one item",[168,108145,108146],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[168,108148,108149],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,108151,108153],{"className":37,"code":108152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108154,108155,108175,108189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108156,108157,108159,108161,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171,108173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108158,51],{"class":50},[44,108160,55],{"class":54},[44,108162,59],{"class":58},[44,108164,63],{"class":62},[44,108166,66],{"class":58},[44,108168,69],{"class":62},[44,108170,66],{"class":58},[44,108172,74],{"class":62},[44,108174,77],{"class":58},[44,108176,108177,108179,108181,108183,108185,108187],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108178,1819],{"class":50},[44,108180,55],{"class":54},[44,108182,3635],{"class":50},[44,108184,86],{"class":58},[44,108186,25608],{"class":89},[44,108188,913],{"class":58},[44,108190,108191,108193,108195,108197],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108192,106],{"class":105},[44,108194,93],{"class":58},[44,108196,1188],{"class":89},[44,108198,99],{"class":58},[693,108200,148,108202],{"id":108201},"use-remove",[15,108203,54900],{},[20,108205,148,108206,9977],{},[15,108207,54900],{},[165,108209,108210,108216],{},[168,108211,108212,108213],{},"You want to delete a ",[116,108214,108215],{},"specific item",[168,108217,108218],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,108220,108222],{"className":37,"code":108221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108223,108224,108244,108258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108225,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236,108238,108240,108242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108227,51],{"class":50},[44,108229,55],{"class":54},[44,108231,59],{"class":58},[44,108233,63],{"class":62},[44,108235,66],{"class":58},[44,108237,69],{"class":62},[44,108239,66],{"class":58},[44,108241,74],{"class":62},[44,108243,77],{"class":58},[44,108245,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108247,83],{"class":50},[44,108249,86],{"class":58},[44,108251,34161],{"class":89},[44,108253,93],{"class":58},[44,108255,472],{"class":62},[44,108257,99],{"class":58},[44,108259,108260,108262,108264,108266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108261,106],{"class":105},[44,108263,93],{"class":58},[44,108265,83],{"class":89},[44,108267,99],{"class":58},[20,108269,108270,108271,108273,108274,108278],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108272,54900],{}," raises an error. See the ",[184,108275,108276,718],{"href":97463},[15,108277,102122],{}," for details.",[693,108280,148,108282],{"id":108281},"use-discard",[15,108283,102108],{},[20,108285,148,108286,9977],{},[15,108287,102108],{},[165,108289,108290,108294],{},[168,108291,108212,108292],{},[116,108293,108215],{},[168,108295,108296,108297,108299],{},"You do ",[116,108298,736],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,108301,108303],{"className":37,"code":108302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108304,108305,108325,108339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108306,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108308,51],{"class":50},[44,108310,55],{"class":54},[44,108312,59],{"class":58},[44,108314,63],{"class":62},[44,108316,66],{"class":58},[44,108318,69],{"class":62},[44,108320,66],{"class":58},[44,108322,74],{"class":62},[44,108324,77],{"class":58},[44,108326,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108337],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108328,83],{"class":50},[44,108330,86],{"class":58},[44,108332,102175],{"class":89},[44,108334,93],{"class":58},[44,108336,1508],{"class":62},[44,108338,99],{"class":58},[44,108340,108341,108343,108345,108347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108342,106],{"class":105},[44,108344,93],{"class":58},[44,108346,83],{"class":89},[44,108348,99],{"class":58},[20,108350,108351,108352,108354,108355,108359],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108353,1508],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[184,108356,108357,718],{"href":107711},[15,108358,102113],{}," for more examples.",[30,108361,1113],{"id":1112},[20,108363,70849,108364,1084],{},[15,108365,107355],{},[165,108367,108368,108374,108379,108384],{},[168,108369,108370,108371],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108372,108373],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[168,108375,1129,108376,108378],{},[15,108377,12135],{}," to remove the first or last item",[168,108380,29018,108381,108383],{},[15,108382,12135],{}," on an empty set",[168,108385,1123,108386,108388],{},[15,108387,12135],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108390,61663],{},[35,108392,108394],{"className":37,"code":108393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108395,108396,108406,108420,108434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108397,108398,108400,108402,108404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108399,106],{"class":105},[44,108401,93],{"class":58},[44,108403,206],{"class":89},[44,108405,99],{"class":58},[44,108407,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108409,106],{"class":105},[44,108411,93],{"class":58},[44,108413,10537],{"class":105},[44,108415,93],{"class":58},[44,108417,206],{"class":89},[44,108419,973],{"class":58},[44,108421,108422,108424,108426,108428,108430,108432],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108423,106],{"class":105},[44,108425,93],{"class":58},[44,108427,1090],{"class":909},[44,108429,93],{"class":58},[44,108431,206],{"class":89},[44,108433,973],{"class":58},[44,108435,108436,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,108437,27906],{"class":50},[44,108439,55],{"class":54},[44,108441,833],{"class":50},[44,108443,86],{"class":58},[44,108445,25608],{"class":89},[44,108447,913],{"class":58},[20,108449,25375],{},[165,108451,108452,108455,108458,108461],{},[168,108453,108454],{},"What values are in the set",[168,108456,108457],{},"Whether the set is empty",[168,108459,108460],{},"That the object is really a set",[168,108462,108463],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,108465,1235],{"id":1234},[693,108467,1239,108469,108471],{"id":108468},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108470,107355],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108473,108474,108475,108477],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108476,12135],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[693,108479,108481,108482,1863],{"id":108480},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108483,107355],{},[20,108485,108486,108487,108489,108490,108492],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108488,12135],{},", set ",[15,108491,12135],{}," does not accept an index.",[693,108494,108496],{"id":108495},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108498,71017,108499,44000,108501,108503],{},[15,108500,19053],{},[15,108502,12135],{}," is called on an empty set.",[693,108505,108507],{"id":108506},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108509,148,108510,188,108512,1264,108514,86],{},[15,108511,54900],{},[15,108513,102108],{},[15,108515,12135],{},[30,108517,1279],{"id":1278},[165,108519,108520,108524,108530,108536,108540],{},[168,108521,108522],{},[184,108523,187],{"href":96753},[168,108525,108526],{},[184,108527,715,108528,718],{"href":97463},[15,108529,54900],{},[168,108531,108532],{},[184,108533,715,108534,718],{"href":107711},[15,108535,102108],{},[168,108537,108538],{},[184,108539,10638],{"href":10450},[168,108541,108542],{},[184,108543,54886],{"href":54438},[1304,108545,108546],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":108548},[108549,108550,108552,108553,108554,108555,108561,108570,108571,108579],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":107475,"depth":80,"text":108551},"What set.pop() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":107613,"depth":80,"text":107614},{"id":107716,"depth":80,"text":107717},{"id":107870,"depth":80,"text":107871,"children":108556},[108557,108559],{"id":107936,"depth":102,"text":108558},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108027,"depth":102,"text":108560},"Use try and except",{"id":108117,"depth":80,"text":108562,"children":108563},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108564,108566,108568],{"id":108129,"depth":102,"text":108565},"Use pop()",{"id":108201,"depth":102,"text":108567},"Use remove()",{"id":108281,"depth":102,"text":108569},"Use discard()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":108572},[108573,108575,108577,108578],{"id":108468,"depth":102,"text":108574},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108480,"depth":102,"text":108576},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108495,"depth":102,"text":108496},{"id":108506,"depth":102,"text":108507},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107343,"description":108580},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108587,"title":108588,"body":108589,"description":109743,"extension":1334,"meta":109744,"navigation":322,"path":109745,"seo":109746,"stem":109747,"__hash__":109748},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108590,"toc":109711},[108591,108596,108601,108610,108612,108677,108681,108705,108712,108717,108721,108736,108739,108741,108760,108774,108777,108825,108829,108845,108847,108920,108924,108949,108955,108963,108967,108974,109029,109034,109051,109057,109063,109068,109076,109083,109087,109095,109150,109152,109169,109173,109180,109245,109249,109282,109284,109296,109303,109305,109310,109317,109319,109388,109392,109400,109402,109466,109470,109475,109522,109527,109595,109603,109610,109613,109619,109624,109628,109630,109633,109635,109640,109645,109651,109656,109663,109671,109677,109680,109682,109708],[10,108592,13,108594,18],{"id":108593},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108595,54900],{},[20,108597,108598,108600],{},[15,108599,102122],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108602,108603,108604,108607,108608,86],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[116,108605,108606],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108609,19053],{},[30,108611,33],{"id":32},[35,108613,108615],{"className":37,"code":108614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108616,108617,108649,108667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108618,108619,108621,108623,108625,108627,108629,108631,108633,108635,108637,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108620,271],{"class":50},[44,108622,55],{"class":54},[44,108624,59],{"class":58},[44,108626,279],{"class":278},[44,108628,283],{"class":282},[44,108630,279],{"class":278},[44,108632,66],{"class":58},[44,108634,290],{"class":278},[44,108636,293],{"class":282},[44,108638,279],{"class":278},[44,108640,66],{"class":58},[44,108642,290],{"class":278},[44,108644,313],{"class":282},[44,108646,279],{"class":278},[44,108648,77],{"class":58},[44,108650,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108652,302],{"class":50},[44,108654,86],{"class":58},[44,108656,34161],{"class":89},[44,108658,93],{"class":58},[44,108660,279],{"class":278},[44,108662,293],{"class":282},[44,108664,279],{"class":278},[44,108666,99],{"class":58},[44,108668,108669,108671,108673,108675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108670,106],{"class":105},[44,108672,93],{"class":58},[44,108674,302],{"class":89},[44,108676,99],{"class":58},[20,108678,108679],{},[116,108680,339],{},[35,108682,108683],{"className":37,"code":102802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108684,108685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108686,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108688,128],{"class":58},[44,108690,351],{"class":278},[44,108692,283],{"class":282},[44,108694,351],{"class":278},[44,108696,66],{"class":58},[44,108698,360],{"class":278},[44,108700,313],{"class":282},[44,108702,351],{"class":278},[44,108704,77],{"class":58},[20,108706,148,108707,108709,108710,86],{},[15,108708,54900],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108711,19053],{},[30,108713,155,108715,158],{"id":108714},"what-setremove-does",[15,108716,102122],{},[20,108718,108719,1084],{},[15,108720,102122],{},[165,108722,108723,108726,108728,108730],{},[168,108724,108725],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[168,108727,173],{},[168,108729,176],{},[168,108731,108732,108733,108735],{},"Raises ",[15,108734,19053],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108737,108738],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,108740,196],{"id":195},[35,108742,108744],{"className":37,"code":108743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108745,108746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108747,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756,108758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108749,206],{"class":50},[44,108751,86],{"class":58},[44,108753,34161],{"class":89},[44,108755,93],{"class":58},[44,108757,1188],{"class":89},[44,108759,99],{"class":58},[165,108761,108762,108766,108771],{},[168,108763,108764,102344],{},[15,108765,206],{},[168,108767,108768,108770],{},[15,108769,1188],{}," is the item to remove",[168,108772,108773],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108775,108776],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,108778,108779],{"className":37,"code":108221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108780,108781,108801,108815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108782,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797,108799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108784,51],{"class":50},[44,108786,55],{"class":54},[44,108788,59],{"class":58},[44,108790,63],{"class":62},[44,108792,66],{"class":58},[44,108794,69],{"class":62},[44,108796,66],{"class":58},[44,108798,74],{"class":62},[44,108800,77],{"class":58},[44,108802,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108804,83],{"class":50},[44,108806,86],{"class":58},[44,108808,34161],{"class":89},[44,108810,93],{"class":58},[44,108812,472],{"class":62},[44,108814,99],{"class":58},[44,108816,108817,108819,108821,108823],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108818,106],{"class":105},[44,108820,93],{"class":58},[44,108822,83],{"class":89},[44,108824,99],{"class":58},[20,108826,108827],{},[116,108828,339],{},[35,108830,108831],{"className":37,"code":100552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108832,108833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108834,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108836,128],{"class":58},[44,108838,63],{"class":62},[44,108840,66],{"class":58},[44,108842,74],{"class":62},[44,108844,77],{"class":58},[30,108846,258],{"id":257},[35,108848,108850],{"className":37,"code":108849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,108851,108852,108884,108888,108906,108910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108853,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864,108866,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878,108880,108882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108855,35606],{"class":50},[44,108857,55],{"class":54},[44,108859,59],{"class":58},[44,108861,279],{"class":278},[44,108863,3450],{"class":282},[44,108865,279],{"class":278},[44,108867,66],{"class":58},[44,108869,290],{"class":278},[44,108871,3459],{"class":282},[44,108873,279],{"class":278},[44,108875,66],{"class":58},[44,108877,290],{"class":278},[44,108879,32586],{"class":282},[44,108881,279],{"class":278},[44,108883,77],{"class":58},[44,108885,108886],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,108887,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,108889,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108891,35658],{"class":50},[44,108893,86],{"class":58},[44,108895,34161],{"class":89},[44,108897,93],{"class":58},[44,108899,279],{"class":278},[44,108901,3459],{"class":282},[44,108903,279],{"class":278},[44,108905,99],{"class":58},[44,108907,108908],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,108909,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,108911,108912,108914,108916,108918],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,108913,106],{"class":105},[44,108915,93],{"class":58},[44,108917,35658],{"class":89},[44,108919,99],{"class":58},[20,108921,108922],{},[116,108923,339],{},[35,108925,108927],{"className":37,"code":108926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,108928,108929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108930,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108932,128],{"class":58},[44,108934,351],{"class":278},[44,108936,3450],{"class":282},[44,108938,351],{"class":278},[44,108940,66],{"class":58},[44,108942,360],{"class":278},[44,108944,32586],{"class":282},[44,108946,351],{"class":278},[44,108948,77],{"class":58},[20,108950,108951,108952,108954],{},"This removes ",[15,108953,64643],{}," from the set.",[20,108956,108957,108958,108960,108961,86],{},"A set does ",[116,108959,736],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[184,108962,192],{"href":97137},[30,108964,108966],{"id":108965},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,108968,108969,108970,51868,108972,86],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,108971,54900],{},[15,108973,19053],{},[35,108975,108977],{"className":37,"code":108976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,108978,108979,109011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108980,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005,109007,109009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108982,271],{"class":50},[44,108984,55],{"class":54},[44,108986,59],{"class":58},[44,108988,279],{"class":278},[44,108990,283],{"class":282},[44,108992,279],{"class":278},[44,108994,66],{"class":58},[44,108996,290],{"class":278},[44,108998,293],{"class":282},[44,109000,279],{"class":278},[44,109002,66],{"class":58},[44,109004,290],{"class":278},[44,109006,313],{"class":282},[44,109008,279],{"class":278},[44,109010,77],{"class":58},[44,109012,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021,109023,109025,109027],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109014,302],{"class":50},[44,109016,86],{"class":58},[44,109018,34161],{"class":89},[44,109020,93],{"class":58},[44,109022,279],{"class":278},[44,109024,21891],{"class":282},[44,109026,279],{"class":278},[44,109028,99],{"class":58},[20,109030,109031],{},[116,109032,109033],{},"Result:",[35,109035,109037],{"className":37,"code":109036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109038,109039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109040,109041,109043,109045,109047,109049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109042,19053],{"class":909},[44,109044,1084],{"class":58},[44,109046,360],{"class":278},[44,109048,21891],{"class":282},[44,109050,1100],{"class":278},[20,109052,21556,109053,109056],{},[15,109054,109055],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109058,109059,109060,109062],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109061,54900],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109064,109065,109066,86],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[184,109067,10638],{"href":10450},[30,109069,3570,109071,109073,109074],{"id":109070},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109072,54900],{}," is different from ",[15,109075,102108],{},[20,109077,109078,3766,109080,109082],{},[15,109079,54900],{},[15,109081,102108],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[693,109084,109085],{"id":34161},[15,109086,54900],{},[165,109088,109089,109092],{},[168,109090,109091],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[168,109093,109094],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,109096,109098],{"className":37,"code":109097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109099,109100,109132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109101,109102,109104,109106,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124,109126,109128,109130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109103,546],{"class":50},[44,109105,55],{"class":54},[44,109107,59],{"class":58},[44,109109,279],{"class":278},[44,109111,184],{"class":282},[44,109113,279],{"class":278},[44,109115,66],{"class":58},[44,109117,290],{"class":278},[44,109119,563],{"class":282},[44,109121,279],{"class":278},[44,109123,66],{"class":58},[44,109125,290],{"class":278},[44,109127,583],{"class":282},[44,109129,279],{"class":278},[44,109131,77],{"class":58},[44,109133,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109135,572],{"class":50},[44,109137,86],{"class":58},[44,109139,34161],{"class":89},[44,109141,93],{"class":58},[44,109143,279],{"class":278},[44,109145,663],{"class":282},[44,109147,279],{"class":278},[44,109149,99],{"class":58},[20,109151,107908],{},[35,109153,109155],{"className":37,"code":109154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109156,109157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109158,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109160,19053],{"class":909},[44,109162,1084],{"class":58},[44,109164,360],{"class":278},[44,109166,663],{"class":282},[44,109168,1100],{"class":278},[693,109170,109171],{"id":102175},[15,109172,102108],{},[165,109174,109175,109177],{},[168,109176,109091],{},[168,109178,109179],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,109181,109183],{"className":37,"code":109182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109184,109185,109217,109235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109186,109187,109189,109191,109193,109195,109197,109199,109201,109203,109205,109207,109209,109211,109213,109215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109188,546],{"class":50},[44,109190,55],{"class":54},[44,109192,59],{"class":58},[44,109194,279],{"class":278},[44,109196,184],{"class":282},[44,109198,279],{"class":278},[44,109200,66],{"class":58},[44,109202,290],{"class":278},[44,109204,563],{"class":282},[44,109206,279],{"class":278},[44,109208,66],{"class":58},[44,109210,290],{"class":278},[44,109212,583],{"class":282},[44,109214,279],{"class":278},[44,109216,77],{"class":58},[44,109218,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227,109229,109231,109233],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109220,572],{"class":50},[44,109222,86],{"class":58},[44,109224,102175],{"class":89},[44,109226,93],{"class":58},[44,109228,279],{"class":278},[44,109230,663],{"class":282},[44,109232,279],{"class":278},[44,109234,99],{"class":58},[44,109236,109237,109239,109241,109243],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109238,106],{"class":105},[44,109240,93],{"class":58},[44,109242,572],{"class":89},[44,109244,99],{"class":58},[20,109246,109247],{},[116,109248,118],{},[35,109250,109252],{"className":37,"code":109251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109253,109254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109255,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278,109280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109257,128],{"class":58},[44,109259,351],{"class":278},[44,109261,184],{"class":282},[44,109263,351],{"class":278},[44,109265,66],{"class":58},[44,109267,360],{"class":278},[44,109269,563],{"class":282},[44,109271,351],{"class":278},[44,109273,66],{"class":58},[44,109275,360],{"class":278},[44,109277,583],{"class":282},[44,109279,351],{"class":278},[44,109281,77],{"class":58},[20,109283,18061],{},[165,109285,109286,109291],{},[168,109287,109288,109290],{},[15,109289,54900],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[168,109292,109293,109295],{},[15,109294,102108],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109297,109298,109299,86],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[184,109300,715,109301,718],{"href":107711},[15,109302,102108],{},[30,109304,3892],{"id":3891},[693,109306,1129,109308,1132],{"id":109307},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109309,54900],{},[20,109311,109312,109314,109315,86],{},[15,109313,54900],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109316,730],{},[20,109318,16012],{},[35,109320,109322],{"className":37,"code":109321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109323,109324,109356,109378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109325,109326,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346,109348,109350,109352,109354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109327,271],{"class":50},[44,109329,55],{"class":54},[44,109331,59],{"class":58},[44,109333,279],{"class":278},[44,109335,283],{"class":282},[44,109337,279],{"class":278},[44,109339,66],{"class":58},[44,109341,290],{"class":278},[44,109343,293],{"class":282},[44,109345,279],{"class":278},[44,109347,66],{"class":58},[44,109349,290],{"class":278},[44,109351,313],{"class":282},[44,109353,279],{"class":278},[44,109355,77],{"class":58},[44,109357,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372,109374,109376],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109359,12489],{"class":50},[44,109361,55],{"class":54},[44,109363,12494],{"class":50},[44,109365,86],{"class":58},[44,109367,34161],{"class":89},[44,109369,93],{"class":58},[44,109371,279],{"class":278},[44,109373,293],{"class":282},[44,109375,279],{"class":278},[44,109377,99],{"class":58},[44,109379,109380,109382,109384,109386],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109381,106],{"class":105},[44,109383,93],{"class":58},[44,109385,12513],{"class":89},[44,109387,99],{"class":58},[20,109389,109390],{},[116,109391,118],{},[35,109393,109394],{"className":37,"code":864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109395,109396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109397,109398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109399,864],{"class":871},[20,109401,16024],{},[35,109403,109404],{"className":37,"code":108614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109405,109406,109438,109456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109407,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430,109432,109434,109436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109409,271],{"class":50},[44,109411,55],{"class":54},[44,109413,59],{"class":58},[44,109415,279],{"class":278},[44,109417,283],{"class":282},[44,109419,279],{"class":278},[44,109421,66],{"class":58},[44,109423,290],{"class":278},[44,109425,293],{"class":282},[44,109427,279],{"class":278},[44,109429,66],{"class":58},[44,109431,290],{"class":278},[44,109433,313],{"class":282},[44,109435,279],{"class":278},[44,109437,77],{"class":58},[44,109439,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109441,302],{"class":50},[44,109443,86],{"class":58},[44,109445,34161],{"class":89},[44,109447,93],{"class":58},[44,109449,279],{"class":278},[44,109451,293],{"class":282},[44,109453,279],{"class":278},[44,109455,99],{"class":58},[44,109457,109458,109460,109462,109464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109459,106],{"class":105},[44,109461,93],{"class":58},[44,109463,302],{"class":89},[44,109465,99],{"class":58},[693,109467,109469],{"id":109468},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109471,109472,109473,86],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109474,19053],{},[35,109476,109478],{"className":37,"code":109477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109479,109480,109504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109481,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109483,271],{"class":50},[44,109485,55],{"class":54},[44,109487,59],{"class":58},[44,109489,279],{"class":278},[44,109491,283],{"class":282},[44,109493,279],{"class":278},[44,109495,66],{"class":58},[44,109497,290],{"class":278},[44,109499,293],{"class":282},[44,109501,279],{"class":278},[44,109503,77],{"class":58},[44,109505,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109507,302],{"class":50},[44,109509,86],{"class":58},[44,109511,34161],{"class":89},[44,109513,93],{"class":58},[44,109515,279],{"class":278},[44,109517,313],{"class":282},[44,109519,279],{"class":278},[44,109521,99],{"class":58},[20,109523,109524,109525,1084],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109526,3253],{},[35,109528,109530],{"className":37,"code":109529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109531,109532,109556,109560,109576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109533,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109535,271],{"class":50},[44,109537,55],{"class":54},[44,109539,59],{"class":58},[44,109541,279],{"class":278},[44,109543,283],{"class":282},[44,109545,279],{"class":278},[44,109547,66],{"class":58},[44,109549,290],{"class":278},[44,109551,293],{"class":282},[44,109553,279],{"class":278},[44,109555,77],{"class":58},[44,109557,109558],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109559,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,109561,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109563,6374],{"class":3246},[44,109565,290],{"class":278},[44,109567,313],{"class":282},[44,109569,279],{"class":278},[44,109571,20540],{"class":54},[44,109573,12494],{"class":50},[44,109575,5770],{"class":58},[44,109577,109578,109581,109583,109585,109587,109589,109591,109593],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,109579,109580],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,109582,86],{"class":58},[44,109584,34161],{"class":89},[44,109586,93],{"class":58},[44,109588,279],{"class":278},[44,109590,313],{"class":282},[44,109592,279],{"class":278},[44,109594,99],{"class":58},[20,109596,109597,109598,109602],{},"Or use ",[184,109599,109600],{"href":107711},[15,109601,102108],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[693,109604,1138,109606,8082,109608],{"id":109605},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109607,102122],{},[15,109609,54446],{},[20,109611,109612],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109614,109615,109616,109618],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109617,102122],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109620,109621,109622,86],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[184,109623,98332],{"href":98331},[693,109625,109627],{"id":109626},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109629,107617],{},[20,109631,109632],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,109634,1235],{"id":1234},[693,109636,1239,109638,1242],{"id":109637},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109639,102122],{},[20,109641,109642,109643,86],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109644,730],{},[693,109646,29653,109648,109650],{"id":109647},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109649,102122],{}," raise?",[20,109652,29659,109653,109655],{},[15,109654,19053],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[693,109657,20787,109659,188,109661,1863],{"id":109658},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109660,54900],{},[15,109662,102108],{},[20,109664,148,109665,109667,109668,109670],{},[15,109666,54900],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109669,102108],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[693,109672,4544,109674,109676],{"id":109673},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109675,102122],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109678,109679],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,109681,1279],{"id":1278},[165,109683,109684,109690,109696,109700,109704],{},[168,109685,109686],{},[184,109687,715,109688,718],{"href":107711},[15,109689,102108],{},[168,109691,109692],{},[184,109693,715,109694,718],{"href":97468},[15,109695,12135],{},[168,109697,109698],{},[184,109699,1290],{"href":97137},[168,109701,109702],{},[184,109703,99598],{"href":98331},[168,109705,109706],{},[184,109707,10638],{"href":10450},[1304,109709,109710],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":109712},[109713,109714,109716,109717,109718,109719,109724,109732,109742],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":108714,"depth":80,"text":109715},"What set.remove() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":108965,"depth":80,"text":108966},{"id":109070,"depth":80,"text":109720,"children":109721},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109722,109723],{"id":34161,"depth":102,"text":54900},{"id":102175,"depth":102,"text":102108},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":109725},[109726,109728,109729,109731],{"id":109307,"depth":102,"text":109727},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109468,"depth":102,"text":109469},{"id":109605,"depth":102,"text":109730},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109626,"depth":102,"text":109627},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":109733},[109734,109736,109738,109740],{"id":109637,"depth":102,"text":109735},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109647,"depth":102,"text":109737},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109658,"depth":102,"text":109739},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109673,"depth":102,"text":109741},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108588,"description":109743},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109750,"title":109751,"body":109752,"description":111125,"extension":1334,"meta":111126,"navigation":322,"path":111127,"seo":111128,"stem":111129,"__hash__":111130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109753,"toc":111100},[109754,109760,109766,109769,109772,109786,109788,109869,109872,109877,109881,109895,109902,109904,109923,109926,109944,109946,110026,110028,110053,110057,110060,110068,110073,110078,110080,110093,110098,110101,110125,110128,110136,110138,110141,110238,110240,110273,110275,110301,110308,110311,110315,110323,110327,110335,110337,110427,110429,110443,110450,110455,110460,110462,110553,110555,110567,110569,110583,110589,110597,110599,110681,110683,110728,110731,110739,110742,110744,110748,110791,110793,110813,110818,110820,110905,110907,110912,110914,110921,110929,110935,110938,110940,111026,111028,111052,111056,111059,111061,111088,111098],[10,109755,13,109757,18],{"id":109756},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109758,109759],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109761,109762,109765],{},[15,109763,109764],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109767,109768],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109770,109771],{},"Use it when:",[165,109773,109774,109777,109783],{},[168,109775,109776],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[168,109778,109779,109780,109782],{},"you do ",[116,109781,736],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[168,109784,109785],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,109787,2978],{"id":2977},[35,109789,109791],{"className":37,"code":109790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109792,109793,109813,109833,109837,109856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109794,109795,109797,109799,109801,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109796,1925],{"class":50},[44,109798,55],{"class":54},[44,109800,59],{"class":58},[44,109802,63],{"class":62},[44,109804,66],{"class":58},[44,109806,69],{"class":62},[44,109808,66],{"class":58},[44,109810,74],{"class":62},[44,109812,77],{"class":58},[44,109814,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109816,1953],{"class":50},[44,109818,55],{"class":54},[44,109820,59],{"class":58},[44,109822,1433],{"class":62},[44,109824,66],{"class":58},[44,109826,143],{"class":62},[44,109828,66],{"class":58},[44,109830,1064],{"class":62},[44,109832,77],{"class":58},[44,109834,109835],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109836,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,109838,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109850,109852,109854],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,109840,1602],{"class":50},[44,109842,55],{"class":54},[44,109844,56256],{"class":50},[44,109846,86],{"class":58},[44,109848,109849],{"class":89},"symmetric_difference",[44,109851,93],{"class":58},[44,109853,563],{"class":89},[44,109855,99],{"class":58},[44,109857,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,109859,106],{"class":105},[44,109861,93],{"class":58},[44,109863,1637],{"class":89},[44,109865,3031],{"class":58},[44,109867,109868],{"class":3034},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109870,109871],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,109873,155,109875,158],{"id":109874},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,109876,109759],{},[20,109878,109879,1084],{},[15,109880,109764],{},[165,109882,109883,109886,109889,109892],{},[168,109884,109885],{},"returns a new set",[168,109887,109888],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[168,109890,109891],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[168,109893,109894],{},"does not change the original set",[20,109896,182,109897,188,109899,86],{},[184,109898,187],{"href":186},[184,109900,109901],{"href":191},"creating a set in Python",[30,109903,196],{"id":195},[35,109905,109907],{"className":37,"code":109906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,109908,109909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109910,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109912,99839],{"class":50},[44,109914,86],{"class":58},[44,109916,109849],{"class":89},[44,109918,93],{"class":58},[44,109920,99848],{"class":89},[44,109922,99],{"class":58},[20,109924,109925],{},"Notes:",[165,109927,109928,109933,109938,109941],{},[168,109929,109930,109932],{},[15,109931,99839],{}," must be a set",[168,109934,109935,109937],{},[15,109936,99848],{}," can be any iterable",[168,109939,109940],{},"the result is always a set",[168,109942,109943],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,109945,894],{},[35,109947,109949],{"className":37,"code":109948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,109950,109951,109972,109993,109997,110016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109952,109953,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109954,109955],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,109957,55],{"class":54},[44,109959,59],{"class":58},[44,109961,63],{"class":62},[44,109963,66],{"class":58},[44,109965,69],{"class":62},[44,109967,66],{"class":58},[44,109969,74],{"class":62},[44,109971,77],{"class":58},[44,109973,109974,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,109975,109976],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,109978,55],{"class":54},[44,109980,59],{"class":58},[44,109982,1433],{"class":62},[44,109984,66],{"class":58},[44,109986,143],{"class":62},[44,109988,66],{"class":58},[44,109990,1064],{"class":62},[44,109992,77],{"class":58},[44,109994,109995],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109996,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,109998,109999,110001,110003,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,110000,1602],{"class":50},[44,110002,55],{"class":54},[44,110004,110005],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110007,86],{"class":58},[44,110009,109849],{"class":89},[44,110011,93],{"class":58},[44,110013,99848],{"class":89},[44,110015,99],{"class":58},[44,110017,110018,110020,110022,110024],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110019,106],{"class":105},[44,110021,93],{"class":58},[44,110023,1637],{"class":89},[44,110025,99],{"class":58},[20,110027,118],{},[35,110029,110031],{"className":37,"code":110030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110032,110033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110034,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110036,128],{"class":58},[44,110038,63],{"class":62},[44,110040,66],{"class":58},[44,110042,69],{"class":62},[44,110044,66],{"class":58},[44,110046,143],{"class":62},[44,110048,66],{"class":58},[44,110050,1064],{"class":62},[44,110052,77],{"class":58},[30,110054,110056],{"id":110055},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110058,110059],{},"The result includes:",[165,110061,110062,110065],{},[168,110063,110064],{},"items only in the first set",[168,110066,110067],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110069,110070,110071,10459],{},"The result does ",[116,110072,736],{},[165,110074,110075],{},[168,110076,110077],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110079,4848],{},[165,110081,110082,110087],{},[168,110083,110084,110085],{},"first set: ",[15,110086,99536],{},[168,110088,110089,110090],{},"second set: ",[15,110091,110092],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110094,3420,110095,110097],{},[15,110096,1433],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110099,110100],{},"The output is:",[35,110102,110103],{"className":37,"code":110030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110104,110105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110106,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110108,128],{"class":58},[44,110110,63],{"class":62},[44,110112,66],{"class":58},[44,110114,69],{"class":62},[44,110116,66],{"class":58},[44,110118,143],{"class":62},[44,110120,66],{"class":58},[44,110122,1064],{"class":62},[44,110124,77],{"class":58},[20,110126,110127],{},"Also remember:",[165,110129,110130,110133],{},[168,110131,110132],{},"sets are unordered",[168,110134,110135],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,110137,258],{"id":257},[20,110139,110140],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,110142,110144],{"className":37,"code":110143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110145,110146,110178,110202,110206,110224,110228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110147,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110149,106279],{"class":50},[44,110151,55],{"class":54},[44,110153,59],{"class":58},[44,110155,279],{"class":278},[44,110157,283],{"class":282},[44,110159,279],{"class":278},[44,110161,66],{"class":58},[44,110163,290],{"class":278},[44,110165,293],{"class":282},[44,110167,279],{"class":278},[44,110169,66],{"class":58},[44,110171,290],{"class":278},[44,110173,313],{"class":282},[44,110175,279],{"class":278},[44,110177,77],{"class":58},[44,110179,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110181,106312],{"class":50},[44,110183,55],{"class":54},[44,110185,59],{"class":58},[44,110187,279],{"class":278},[44,110189,313],{"class":282},[44,110191,279],{"class":278},[44,110193,66],{"class":58},[44,110195,290],{"class":278},[44,110197,21891],{"class":282},[44,110199,279],{"class":278},[44,110201,77],{"class":58},[44,110203,110204],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110205,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,110207,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,110209,1602],{"class":50},[44,110211,55],{"class":54},[44,110213,106354],{"class":50},[44,110215,86],{"class":58},[44,110217,109849],{"class":89},[44,110219,93],{"class":58},[44,110221,106363],{"class":89},[44,110223,99],{"class":58},[44,110225,110226],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110227,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,110229,110230,110232,110234,110236],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,110231,106],{"class":105},[44,110233,93],{"class":58},[44,110235,1637],{"class":89},[44,110237,99],{"class":58},[20,110239,118],{},[35,110241,110243],{"className":37,"code":110242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110244,110245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110246,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110248,128],{"class":58},[44,110250,351],{"class":278},[44,110252,283],{"class":282},[44,110254,351],{"class":278},[44,110256,66],{"class":58},[44,110258,360],{"class":278},[44,110260,293],{"class":282},[44,110262,351],{"class":278},[44,110264,66],{"class":58},[44,110266,360],{"class":278},[44,110268,21891],{"class":282},[44,110270,351],{"class":278},[44,110272,77],{"class":58},[20,110274,12780],{},[165,110276,110277,110282,110293],{},[168,110278,110279,110281],{},[15,110280,380],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[168,110283,110284,3766,110286,110289,110290,110292],{},[15,110285,64761],{},[15,110287,110288],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110291,106416],{},", so they stay",[168,110294,110295,110297,110298,110300],{},[15,110296,109055],{}," is only in ",[15,110299,106363],{},", so it stays",[30,110302,110304,525,110306],{"id":110303},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110305,109759],{},[15,110307,99668],{},[20,110309,110310],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110312,110313,1084],{},[15,110314,99668],{},[165,110316,110317,110320],{},[168,110318,110319],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[168,110321,110322],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110324,110325,1084],{},[15,110326,109759],{},[165,110328,110329,110332],{},[168,110330,110331],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[168,110333,110334],{},"removes shared items",[20,110336,894],{},[35,110338,110340],{"className":37,"code":110339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110341,110342,110362,110382,110386,110407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110343,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356,110358,110360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110345,1925],{"class":50},[44,110347,55],{"class":54},[44,110349,59],{"class":58},[44,110351,63],{"class":62},[44,110353,66],{"class":58},[44,110355,69],{"class":62},[44,110357,66],{"class":58},[44,110359,74],{"class":62},[44,110361,77],{"class":58},[44,110363,110364,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110365,1953],{"class":50},[44,110367,55],{"class":54},[44,110369,59],{"class":58},[44,110371,1433],{"class":62},[44,110373,66],{"class":58},[44,110375,143],{"class":62},[44,110377,66],{"class":58},[44,110379,1064],{"class":62},[44,110381,77],{"class":58},[44,110383,110384],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110385,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,110387,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,110389,106],{"class":105},[44,110391,93],{"class":58},[44,110393,184],{"class":89},[44,110395,86],{"class":58},[44,110397,2183],{"class":89},[44,110399,93],{"class":58},[44,110401,563],{"class":89},[44,110403,4737],{"class":58},[44,110405,110406],{"class":3034},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,110408,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110410,106],{"class":105},[44,110412,93],{"class":58},[44,110414,184],{"class":89},[44,110416,86],{"class":58},[44,110418,109849],{"class":89},[44,110420,93],{"class":58},[44,110422,563],{"class":89},[44,110424,4737],{"class":58},[44,110426,109868],{"class":3034},[20,110428,18061],{},[165,110430,110431,110438],{},[168,110432,110433,110437],{},[184,110434,110435],{"href":102094},[15,110436,99668],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[168,110439,110440,110442],{},[15,110441,109759],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,110444,110446,525,110448],{"id":110445},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110447,109759],{},[15,110449,102053],{},[20,110451,110452,110454],{},[15,110453,102053],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110456,110457,110459],{},[15,110458,109759],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110461,894],{},[35,110463,110465],{"className":37,"code":110464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110466,110467,110487,110507,110511,110533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110468,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110470,1925],{"class":50},[44,110472,55],{"class":54},[44,110474,59],{"class":58},[44,110476,63],{"class":62},[44,110478,66],{"class":58},[44,110480,69],{"class":62},[44,110482,66],{"class":58},[44,110484,74],{"class":62},[44,110486,77],{"class":58},[44,110488,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110490,1953],{"class":50},[44,110492,55],{"class":54},[44,110494,59],{"class":58},[44,110496,1433],{"class":62},[44,110498,66],{"class":58},[44,110500,143],{"class":62},[44,110502,66],{"class":58},[44,110504,1064],{"class":62},[44,110506,77],{"class":58},[44,110508,110509],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110510,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,110512,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521,110524,110526,110528,110530],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,110514,106],{"class":105},[44,110516,93],{"class":58},[44,110518,184],{"class":89},[44,110520,86],{"class":58},[44,110522,110523],{"class":89},"union",[44,110525,93],{"class":58},[44,110527,563],{"class":89},[44,110529,4737],{"class":58},[44,110531,110532],{"class":3034},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,110534,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110536,106],{"class":105},[44,110538,93],{"class":58},[44,110540,184],{"class":89},[44,110542,86],{"class":58},[44,110544,109849],{"class":89},[44,110546,93],{"class":58},[44,110548,563],{"class":89},[44,110550,4737],{"class":58},[44,110552,109868],{"class":3034},[20,110554,26588],{},[165,110556,110557,110562],{},[168,110558,110559,110561],{},[15,110560,102053],{}," includes everything",[168,110563,110564,110566],{},[15,110565,109759],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110568,18061],{},[165,110570,110571,110578],{},[168,110572,110573,110577],{},[184,110574,110575],{"href":106984},[15,110576,102053],{}," when overlap does not matter",[168,110579,110580,110582],{},[15,110581,109759],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,110584,35980,110586,100852],{"id":110585},"using-the-operator",[15,110587,110588],{},"^",[20,110590,110591,110592,110594,110595,86],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110593,110588],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110596,109759],{},[20,110598,894],{},[35,110600,110602],{"className":37,"code":110601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110603,110604,110624,110644,110648,110666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110605,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110607,109955],{"class":50},[44,110609,55],{"class":54},[44,110611,59],{"class":58},[44,110613,63],{"class":62},[44,110615,66],{"class":58},[44,110617,69],{"class":62},[44,110619,66],{"class":58},[44,110621,74],{"class":62},[44,110623,77],{"class":58},[44,110625,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110627,109976],{"class":50},[44,110629,55],{"class":54},[44,110631,59],{"class":58},[44,110633,1433],{"class":62},[44,110635,66],{"class":58},[44,110637,143],{"class":62},[44,110639,66],{"class":58},[44,110641,1064],{"class":62},[44,110643,77],{"class":58},[44,110645,110646],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110647,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,110649,110650,110652,110654,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,110651,106],{"class":105},[44,110653,93],{"class":58},[44,110655,99839],{"class":89},[44,110657,86],{"class":58},[44,110659,109849],{"class":89},[44,110661,93],{"class":58},[44,110663,99848],{"class":89},[44,110665,973],{"class":58},[44,110667,110668,110670,110672,110674,110676,110679],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110669,106],{"class":105},[44,110671,93],{"class":58},[44,110673,109955],{"class":89},[44,110675,110588],{"class":54},[44,110677,110678],{"class":89}," set2",[44,110680,99],{"class":58},[20,110682,339],{},[35,110684,110686],{"className":37,"code":110685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110687,110688,110708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110689,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698,110700,110702,110704,110706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110691,128],{"class":58},[44,110693,63],{"class":62},[44,110695,66],{"class":58},[44,110697,69],{"class":62},[44,110699,66],{"class":58},[44,110701,143],{"class":62},[44,110703,66],{"class":58},[44,110705,1064],{"class":62},[44,110707,77],{"class":58},[44,110709,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110726],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110711,128],{"class":58},[44,110713,63],{"class":62},[44,110715,66],{"class":58},[44,110717,69],{"class":62},[44,110719,66],{"class":58},[44,110721,143],{"class":62},[44,110723,66],{"class":58},[44,110725,1064],{"class":62},[44,110727,77],{"class":58},[20,110729,110730],{},"Both forms:",[165,110732,110733,110736],{},[168,110734,110735],{},"return a new set",[168,110737,110738],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110740,110741],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,110743,3892],{"id":3891},[20,110745,20578,110746,1084],{},[15,110747,109759],{},[165,110749,110750,110758,110768,110783],{},[168,110751,110752,110755,110757],{},[116,110753,110754],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9223,110756],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[168,110759,110760,110763,110765,110767],{},[116,110761,110762],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9223,110764],{},[15,110766,109759],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[168,110769,110770,110775,110777,110779,110780,110782],{},[116,110771,110772,110773],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110774,99668],{},[9223,110776],{},[15,110778,99668],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110781,109759],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[168,110784,110785,110788,110790],{},[116,110786,110787],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9223,110789],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110792,58231],{},[165,110794,110795,110804,110807,110810],{},[168,110796,49864,110797,44000,110799,110803],{},[15,110798,109759],{},[184,110800,110801],{"href":106984},[15,110802,102053],{}," is actually needed",[168,110805,110806],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[168,110808,110809],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[168,110811,110812],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110814,110815,110816,86],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[184,110817,98332],{"href":104597},[20,110819,61663],{},[35,110821,110823],{"className":37,"code":110822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110824,110825,110835,110845,110863,110877,110891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110826,110827,110829,110831,110833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110828,106],{"class":105},[44,110830,93],{"class":58},[44,110832,99839],{"class":89},[44,110834,99],{"class":58},[44,110836,110837,110839,110841,110843],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110838,106],{"class":105},[44,110840,93],{"class":58},[44,110842,99848],{"class":89},[44,110844,99],{"class":58},[44,110846,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110848,106],{"class":105},[44,110850,93],{"class":58},[44,110852,99839],{"class":89},[44,110854,86],{"class":58},[44,110856,109849],{"class":89},[44,110858,93],{"class":58},[44,110860,99848],{"class":89},[44,110862,973],{"class":58},[44,110864,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,110866,106],{"class":105},[44,110868,93],{"class":58},[44,110870,109955],{"class":89},[44,110872,110588],{"class":54},[44,110874,110678],{"class":89},[44,110876,99],{"class":58},[44,110878,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110880,106],{"class":105},[44,110882,93],{"class":58},[44,110884,1090],{"class":909},[44,110886,93],{"class":58},[44,110888,99839],{"class":89},[44,110890,973],{"class":58},[44,110892,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901,110903],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,110894,106],{"class":105},[44,110896,93],{"class":58},[44,110898,1090],{"class":909},[44,110900,93],{"class":58},[44,110902,99848],{"class":89},[44,110904,973],{"class":58},[30,110906,1235],{"id":1234},[693,110908,1239,110910,101993],{"id":110909},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,110911,109759],{},[20,110913,101996],{},[693,110915,4554,110917,3766,110919,1863],{"id":110916},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,110918,109759],{},[15,110920,99668],{},[20,110922,110923,110925,110926,110928],{},[15,110924,99668],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,110927,109759],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[693,110930,27696,110932,110934],{"id":110931},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,110933,109759],{}," with lists?",[20,110936,110937],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,110939,894],{},[35,110941,110943],{"className":37,"code":110942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,110944,110945,110965,110985,110989,111016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110946,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110948,80026],{"class":50},[44,110950,55],{"class":54},[44,110952,2992],{"class":58},[44,110954,63],{"class":62},[44,110956,66],{"class":58},[44,110958,69],{"class":62},[44,110960,66],{"class":58},[44,110962,74],{"class":62},[44,110964,3005],{"class":58},[44,110966,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979,110981,110983],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,110968,80047],{"class":50},[44,110970,55],{"class":54},[44,110972,2992],{"class":58},[44,110974,1433],{"class":62},[44,110976,66],{"class":58},[44,110978,143],{"class":62},[44,110980,66],{"class":58},[44,110982,1064],{"class":62},[44,110984,3005],{"class":58},[44,110986,110987],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110988,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,110990,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,110992,1602],{"class":50},[44,110994,55],{"class":54},[44,110996,910],{"class":909},[44,110998,93],{"class":58},[44,111000,111001],{"class":89},"list1",[44,111003,8009],{"class":58},[44,111005,109849],{"class":89},[44,111007,93],{"class":58},[44,111009,1214],{"class":909},[44,111011,93],{"class":58},[44,111013,80313],{"class":89},[44,111015,973],{"class":58},[44,111017,111018,111020,111022,111024],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111019,106],{"class":105},[44,111021,93],{"class":58},[44,111023,1637],{"class":89},[44,111025,99],{"class":58},[20,111027,118],{},[35,111029,111030],{"className":37,"code":110030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111031,111032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111033,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111035,128],{"class":58},[44,111037,63],{"class":62},[44,111039,66],{"class":58},[44,111041,69],{"class":62},[44,111043,66],{"class":58},[44,111045,143],{"class":62},[44,111047,66],{"class":58},[44,111049,1064],{"class":62},[44,111051,77],{"class":58},[693,111053,111055],{"id":111054},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111057,111058],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,111060,1279],{"id":1278},[165,111062,111063,111067,111072,111078,111084],{},[168,111064,111065],{},[184,111066,187],{"href":186},[168,111068,111069],{},[184,111070,111071],{"href":191},"Creating a set in Python",[168,111073,111074],{},[184,111075,715,111076,718],{"href":102094},[15,111077,99668],{},[168,111079,111080],{},[184,111081,715,111082,718],{"href":106984},[15,111083,102053],{},[168,111085,111086],{},[184,111087,99598],{"href":104597},[20,111089,111090,111091,1561,111093,16441,111095,111097],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111092,99668],{},[15,111094,102053],{},[15,111096,109759],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1304,111099,56610],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":111101},[111102,111103,111105,111106,111107,111108,111110,111112,111114,111115,111124],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":109874,"depth":80,"text":111104},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":110055,"depth":80,"text":110056},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":110303,"depth":80,"text":111109},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110445,"depth":80,"text":111111},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110585,"depth":80,"text":111113},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":111116},[111117,111119,111121,111123],{"id":110909,"depth":102,"text":111118},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":110916,"depth":102,"text":111120},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":110931,"depth":102,"text":111122},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111054,"depth":102,"text":111055},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109751,"description":111125},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111132,"title":111133,"body":111134,"description":113197,"extension":1334,"meta":113198,"navigation":322,"path":106984,"seo":113199,"stem":113200,"__hash__":113201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111135,"toc":113156},[111136,111141,111146,111149,111162,111164,111246,111251,111256,111260,111272,111275,111279,111281,111308,111310,111321,111324,111393,111395,111401,111404,111414,111416,111505,111510,111512,111519,111522,111524,111527,111647,111649,111718,111721,111738,111743,111746,111862,111864,111893,111896,111902,111907,111911,111992,111994,112022,112027,112031,112126,112128,112169,112173,112176,112243,112245,112286,112292,112307,112314,112321,112325,112331,112417,112421,112429,112500,112505,112512,112514,112520,112522,112587,112589,112605,112610,112613,112682,112686,112689,112748,112751,112755,112808,112821,112824,112877,112881,112883,112914,112917,112922,112975,112979,112982,113003,113015,113017,113070,113072,113077,113079,113085,113088,113094,113099,113103,113106,113114,113123,113125,113153],[10,111137,2945,111139,18],{"id":111138},"python-setunion-method",[15,111140,107297],{},[20,111142,111143,111145],{},[15,111144,107297],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111147,111148],{},"It is useful when you want:",[165,111150,111151,111154,111159],{},[168,111152,111153],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[168,111155,1925,111156,111158],{},[116,111157,100023],{}," as the result",[168,111160,111161],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,111163,33],{"id":32},[35,111165,111167],{"className":37,"code":111166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111168,111169,111189,111209,111213,111231,111241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111170,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111172,109955],{"class":50},[44,111174,55],{"class":54},[44,111176,59],{"class":58},[44,111178,63],{"class":62},[44,111180,66],{"class":58},[44,111182,69],{"class":62},[44,111184,66],{"class":58},[44,111186,74],{"class":62},[44,111188,77],{"class":58},[44,111190,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111192,109976],{"class":50},[44,111194,55],{"class":54},[44,111196,59],{"class":58},[44,111198,1433],{"class":62},[44,111200,66],{"class":58},[44,111202,143],{"class":62},[44,111204,66],{"class":58},[44,111206,1064],{"class":62},[44,111208,77],{"class":58},[44,111210,111211],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111212,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111214,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,111216,1602],{"class":50},[44,111218,55],{"class":54},[44,111220,110005],{"class":50},[44,111222,86],{"class":58},[44,111224,110523],{"class":89},[44,111226,93],{"class":58},[44,111228,99848],{"class":89},[44,111230,99],{"class":58},[44,111232,111233,111235,111237,111239],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111234,106],{"class":105},[44,111236,93],{"class":58},[44,111238,1637],{"class":89},[44,111240,99],{"class":58},[44,111242,111243],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,111244,111245],{"class":3034},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111247,111248,111250],{},[15,111249,102053],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,111252,155,111254,158],{"id":111253},"what-setunion-does",[15,111255,107297],{},[20,111257,111258,1084],{},[15,111259,107297],{},[165,111261,111262,111265,111268,111270],{},[168,111263,111264],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[168,111266,111267],{},"keeps only unique values",[168,111269,109885],{},[168,111271,109894],{},[20,111273,111274],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111276,182,111277,86],{},[184,111278,187],{"href":96753},[30,111280,196],{"id":195},[35,111282,111284],{"className":37,"code":111283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111285,111286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111287,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111289,99839],{"class":50},[44,111291,86],{"class":58},[44,111293,110523],{"class":89},[44,111295,93],{"class":58},[44,111297,99848],{"class":89},[44,111299,66],{"class":58},[44,111301,99875],{"class":89},[44,111303,66],{"class":58},[44,111305,33820],{"class":105},[44,111307,99],{"class":58},[20,111309,12425],{},[165,111311,111312,111315,111318],{},[168,111313,111314],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[168,111316,111317],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[168,111319,111320],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111322,111323],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,111325,111327],{"className":37,"code":111326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111328,111329,111345,111361,111365,111383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111330,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111332,1925],{"class":50},[44,111334,55],{"class":54},[44,111336,59],{"class":58},[44,111338,63],{"class":62},[44,111340,66],{"class":58},[44,111342,69],{"class":62},[44,111344,77],{"class":58},[44,111346,111347,111349,111351,111353,111355,111357,111359],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111348,1953],{"class":50},[44,111350,55],{"class":54},[44,111352,59],{"class":58},[44,111354,472],{"class":62},[44,111356,66],{"class":58},[44,111358,74],{"class":62},[44,111360,77],{"class":58},[44,111362,111363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111364,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111366,111367,111369,111371,111373,111375,111377,111379,111381],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,111368,1602],{"class":50},[44,111370,55],{"class":54},[44,111372,56256],{"class":50},[44,111374,86],{"class":58},[44,111376,110523],{"class":89},[44,111378,93],{"class":58},[44,111380,563],{"class":89},[44,111382,99],{"class":58},[44,111384,111385,111387,111389,111391],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111386,106],{"class":105},[44,111388,93],{"class":58},[44,111390,1637],{"class":89},[44,111392,99],{"class":58},[30,111394,21337],{"id":21336},[20,111396,111397,100020,111399,86],{},[15,111398,107297],{},[116,111400,100023],{},[20,111402,111403],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[165,111405,111406,111409],{},[168,111407,111408],{},"the original set",[168,111410,111411,111412],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111413,102053],{},[20,111415,894],{},[35,111417,111419],{"className":37,"code":111418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111420,111421,111437,111453,111457,111475,111479,111492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111422,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111424,1925],{"class":50},[44,111426,55],{"class":54},[44,111428,59],{"class":58},[44,111430,63],{"class":62},[44,111432,66],{"class":58},[44,111434,69],{"class":62},[44,111436,77],{"class":58},[44,111438,111439,111441,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111440,1953],{"class":50},[44,111442,55],{"class":54},[44,111444,59],{"class":58},[44,111446,472],{"class":62},[44,111448,66],{"class":58},[44,111450,74],{"class":62},[44,111452,77],{"class":58},[44,111454,111455],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111456,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111458,111459,111461,111463,111465,111467,111469,111471,111473],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,111460,1602],{"class":50},[44,111462,55],{"class":54},[44,111464,56256],{"class":50},[44,111466,86],{"class":58},[44,111468,110523],{"class":89},[44,111470,93],{"class":58},[44,111472,563],{"class":89},[44,111474,99],{"class":58},[44,111476,111477],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111478,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111480,111481,111483,111485,111487,111489],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,111482,106],{"class":105},[44,111484,93],{"class":58},[44,111486,1637],{"class":89},[44,111488,3031],{"class":58},[44,111490,111491],{"class":3034},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,111493,111494,111496,111498,111500,111502],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,111495,106],{"class":105},[44,111497,93],{"class":58},[44,111499,184],{"class":89},[44,111501,3031],{"class":58},[44,111503,111504],{"class":3034},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111506,1659,111507,111509],{},[15,111508,184],{}," did not change.",[20,111511,110127],{},[165,111513,111514,111516],{},[168,111515,110132],{},[168,111517,111518],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111520,111521],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,111523,258],{"id":257},[20,111525,111526],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,111528,111530],{"className":37,"code":111529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111531,111532,111565,111598,111602,111622,111626,111636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111533,111534,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111535,111536],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,111538,55],{"class":54},[44,111540,59],{"class":58},[44,111542,279],{"class":278},[44,111544,3450],{"class":282},[44,111546,279],{"class":278},[44,111548,66],{"class":58},[44,111550,290],{"class":278},[44,111552,3459],{"class":282},[44,111554,279],{"class":278},[44,111556,66],{"class":58},[44,111558,290],{"class":278},[44,111560,32586],{"class":282},[44,111562,279],{"class":278},[44,111564,77],{"class":58},[44,111566,111567,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592,111594,111596],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111568,111569],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,111571,55],{"class":54},[44,111573,59],{"class":58},[44,111575,279],{"class":278},[44,111577,3459],{"class":282},[44,111579,279],{"class":278},[44,111581,66],{"class":58},[44,111583,290],{"class":278},[44,111585,21900],{"class":282},[44,111587,279],{"class":278},[44,111589,66],{"class":58},[44,111591,290],{"class":278},[44,111593,32586],{"class":282},[44,111595,279],{"class":278},[44,111597,77],{"class":58},[44,111599,111600],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111601,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111603,111604,111606,111608,111611,111613,111615,111617,111620],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,111605,1602],{"class":50},[44,111607,55],{"class":54},[44,111609,111610],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,111612,86],{"class":58},[44,111614,110523],{"class":89},[44,111616,93],{"class":58},[44,111618,111619],{"class":89},"fruits2",[44,111621,99],{"class":58},[44,111623,111624],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111625,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111627,111628,111630,111632,111634],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,111629,106],{"class":105},[44,111631,93],{"class":58},[44,111633,1637],{"class":89},[44,111635,99],{"class":58},[44,111637,111638,111640,111642,111645],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,111639,106],{"class":105},[44,111641,93],{"class":58},[44,111643,111644],{"class":89},"fruits1",[44,111646,99],{"class":58},[20,111648,339],{},[35,111650,111652],{"className":37,"code":111651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111653,111654,111690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111655,111656,111658,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111657,128],{"class":58},[44,111659,351],{"class":278},[44,111661,3459],{"class":282},[44,111663,351],{"class":278},[44,111665,66],{"class":58},[44,111667,360],{"class":278},[44,111669,32586],{"class":282},[44,111671,351],{"class":278},[44,111673,66],{"class":58},[44,111675,360],{"class":278},[44,111677,3450],{"class":282},[44,111679,351],{"class":278},[44,111681,66],{"class":58},[44,111683,360],{"class":278},[44,111685,21900],{"class":282},[44,111687,351],{"class":278},[44,111689,77],{"class":58},[44,111691,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111693,128],{"class":58},[44,111695,351],{"class":278},[44,111697,3459],{"class":282},[44,111699,351],{"class":278},[44,111701,66],{"class":58},[44,111703,360],{"class":278},[44,111705,32586],{"class":282},[44,111707,351],{"class":278},[44,111709,66],{"class":58},[44,111711,360],{"class":278},[44,111713,3450],{"class":282},[44,111715,351],{"class":278},[44,111717,77],{"class":58},[20,111719,111720],{},"What this shows:",[165,111722,111723,111730,111733],{},[168,111724,111725,3766,111727,111729],{},[15,111726,64643],{},[15,111728,65070],{}," appear in both sets",[168,111731,111732],{},"they appear only once in the result",[168,111734,111735,111737],{},[15,111736,111644],{}," stays unchanged",[30,111739,1123,111741,100412],{"id":111740},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111742,102053],{},[20,111744,111745],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,111747,111749],{"className":37,"code":111748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111750,111751,111767,111783,111800,111817,111821,111848,111852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111752,111753,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111754,109955],{"class":50},[44,111756,55],{"class":54},[44,111758,59],{"class":58},[44,111760,63],{"class":62},[44,111762,66],{"class":58},[44,111764,69],{"class":62},[44,111766,77],{"class":58},[44,111768,111769,111771,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111770,109976],{"class":50},[44,111772,55],{"class":54},[44,111774,59],{"class":58},[44,111776,472],{"class":62},[44,111778,66],{"class":58},[44,111780,74],{"class":62},[44,111782,77],{"class":58},[44,111784,111785,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111786,111787],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,111789,55],{"class":54},[44,111791,59],{"class":58},[44,111793,1433],{"class":62},[44,111795,66],{"class":58},[44,111797,143],{"class":62},[44,111799,77],{"class":58},[44,111801,111802,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,111803,111804],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,111806,55],{"class":54},[44,111808,59],{"class":58},[44,111810,96],{"class":62},[44,111812,66],{"class":58},[44,111814,1064],{"class":62},[44,111816,77],{"class":58},[44,111818,111819],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111820,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111822,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111846],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,111824,1602],{"class":50},[44,111826,55],{"class":54},[44,111828,110005],{"class":50},[44,111830,86],{"class":58},[44,111832,110523],{"class":89},[44,111834,93],{"class":58},[44,111836,99848],{"class":89},[44,111838,66],{"class":58},[44,111840,99875],{"class":89},[44,111842,66],{"class":58},[44,111844,111845],{"class":89}," set4",[44,111847,99],{"class":58},[44,111849,111850],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,111851,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111853,111854,111856,111858,111860],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,111855,106],{"class":105},[44,111857,93],{"class":58},[44,111859,1637],{"class":89},[44,111861,99],{"class":58},[20,111863,339],{},[35,111865,111867],{"className":37,"code":111866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111868,111869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111870,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111872,128],{"class":58},[44,111874,63],{"class":62},[44,111876,66],{"class":58},[44,111878,69],{"class":62},[44,111880,66],{"class":58},[44,111882,74],{"class":62},[44,111884,66],{"class":58},[44,111886,143],{"class":62},[44,111888,66],{"class":58},[44,111890,1064],{"class":62},[44,111892,77],{"class":58},[20,111894,111895],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,111897,1123,111899,111901],{"id":111898},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,111900,102053],{}," with other iterables",[20,111903,111904,111906],{},[15,111905,102053],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[693,111908,111910],{"id":111909},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,111912,111914],{"className":37,"code":111913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111915,111916,111936,111960,111964,111982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111917,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111919,51],{"class":50},[44,111921,55],{"class":54},[44,111923,59],{"class":58},[44,111925,63],{"class":62},[44,111927,66],{"class":58},[44,111929,69],{"class":62},[44,111931,66],{"class":58},[44,111933,74],{"class":62},[44,111935,77],{"class":58},[44,111937,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956,111958],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,111939,60416],{"class":50},[44,111941,55],{"class":54},[44,111943,2992],{"class":58},[44,111945,1433],{"class":62},[44,111947,66],{"class":58},[44,111949,143],{"class":62},[44,111951,66],{"class":58},[44,111953,1064],{"class":62},[44,111955,66],{"class":58},[44,111957,1064],{"class":62},[44,111959,3005],{"class":58},[44,111961,111962],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111963,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,111965,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,111967,1602],{"class":50},[44,111969,55],{"class":54},[44,111971,3635],{"class":50},[44,111973,86],{"class":58},[44,111975,110523],{"class":89},[44,111977,93],{"class":58},[44,111979,60445],{"class":89},[44,111981,99],{"class":58},[44,111983,111984,111986,111988,111990],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111985,106],{"class":105},[44,111987,93],{"class":58},[44,111989,1637],{"class":89},[44,111991,99],{"class":58},[20,111993,339],{},[35,111995,111996],{"className":37,"code":111866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111997,111998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111999,112000,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112001,128],{"class":58},[44,112003,63],{"class":62},[44,112005,66],{"class":58},[44,112007,69],{"class":62},[44,112009,66],{"class":58},[44,112011,74],{"class":62},[44,112013,66],{"class":58},[44,112015,143],{"class":62},[44,112017,66],{"class":58},[44,112019,1064],{"class":62},[44,112021,77],{"class":58},[20,112023,20344,112024,112026],{},[15,112025,1508],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[693,112028,112030],{"id":112029},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,112032,112034],{"className":37,"code":112033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112035,112036,112060,112093,112097,112116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112037,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112039,546],{"class":50},[44,112041,55],{"class":54},[44,112043,59],{"class":58},[44,112045,279],{"class":278},[44,112047,184],{"class":282},[44,112049,279],{"class":278},[44,112051,66],{"class":58},[44,112053,290],{"class":278},[44,112055,563],{"class":282},[44,112057,279],{"class":278},[44,112059,77],{"class":58},[44,112061,112062,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112063,112064],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,112066,55],{"class":54},[44,112068,8615],{"class":58},[44,112070,279],{"class":278},[44,112072,563],{"class":282},[44,112074,279],{"class":278},[44,112076,66],{"class":58},[44,112078,290],{"class":278},[44,112080,583],{"class":282},[44,112082,279],{"class":278},[44,112084,66],{"class":58},[44,112086,290],{"class":278},[44,112088,663],{"class":282},[44,112090,279],{"class":278},[44,112092,99],{"class":58},[44,112094,112095],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112096,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112098,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111,112114],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,112100,1602],{"class":50},[44,112102,55],{"class":54},[44,112104,69465],{"class":50},[44,112106,86],{"class":58},[44,112108,110523],{"class":89},[44,112110,93],{"class":58},[44,112112,112113],{"class":89},"more_letters",[44,112115,99],{"class":58},[44,112117,112118,112120,112122,112124],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112119,106],{"class":105},[44,112121,93],{"class":58},[44,112123,1637],{"class":89},[44,112125,99],{"class":58},[20,112127,339],{},[35,112129,112131],{"className":37,"code":112130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112132,112133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112134,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112136,128],{"class":58},[44,112138,351],{"class":278},[44,112140,184],{"class":282},[44,112142,351],{"class":278},[44,112144,66],{"class":58},[44,112146,360],{"class":278},[44,112148,563],{"class":282},[44,112150,351],{"class":278},[44,112152,66],{"class":58},[44,112154,360],{"class":278},[44,112156,583],{"class":282},[44,112158,351],{"class":278},[44,112160,66],{"class":58},[44,112162,360],{"class":278},[44,112164,663],{"class":282},[44,112166,351],{"class":278},[44,112168,77],{"class":58},[693,112170,112172],{"id":112171},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112174,112175],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,112177,112179],{"className":37,"code":112178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112180,112181,112206,112229,112233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112182,112183,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112184,112185],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,112187,55],{"class":54},[44,112189,59],{"class":58},[44,112191,279],{"class":278},[44,112193,184],{"class":282},[44,112195,279],{"class":278},[44,112197,66],{"class":58},[44,112199,290],{"class":278},[44,112201,563],{"class":282},[44,112203,279],{"class":278},[44,112205,77],{"class":58},[44,112207,112208,112210,112212,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112209,1602],{"class":50},[44,112211,55],{"class":54},[44,112213,112214],{"class":50}," chars",[44,112216,86],{"class":58},[44,112218,110523],{"class":89},[44,112220,93],{"class":58},[44,112222,279],{"class":278},[44,112224,36415],{"class":282},[44,112226,279],{"class":278},[44,112228,99],{"class":58},[44,112230,112231],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112232,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112234,112235,112237,112239,112241],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,112236,106],{"class":105},[44,112238,93],{"class":58},[44,112240,1637],{"class":89},[44,112242,99],{"class":58},[20,112244,339],{},[35,112246,112248],{"className":37,"code":112247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112249,112250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112251,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112253,128],{"class":58},[44,112255,351],{"class":278},[44,112257,184],{"class":282},[44,112259,351],{"class":278},[44,112261,66],{"class":58},[44,112263,360],{"class":278},[44,112265,563],{"class":282},[44,112267,351],{"class":278},[44,112269,66],{"class":58},[44,112271,360],{"class":278},[44,112273,583],{"class":282},[44,112275,351],{"class":278},[44,112277,66],{"class":58},[44,112279,360],{"class":278},[44,112281,62655],{"class":282},[44,112283,351],{"class":278},[44,112285,77],{"class":58},[20,112287,21556,112288,112291],{},[15,112289,112290],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[165,112293,112294,112298,112302],{},[168,112295,112296],{},[15,112297,65850],{},[168,112299,112300],{},[15,112301,17462],{},[168,112303,112304],{},[15,112305,112306],{},"\"t\"",[30,112308,112310,525,112312],{"id":112309},"union-vs-update",[15,112311,102053],{},[15,112313,528],{},[20,112315,112316,3766,112318,112320],{},[15,112317,102053],{},[15,112319,528],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[693,112322,112323],{"id":110523},[15,112324,102053],{},[165,112326,112327,112329],{},[168,112328,109885],{},[168,112330,109894],{},[35,112332,112333],{"className":37,"code":111418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112334,112335,112351,112367,112371,112389,112393,112405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112336,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112338,1925],{"class":50},[44,112340,55],{"class":54},[44,112342,59],{"class":58},[44,112344,63],{"class":62},[44,112346,66],{"class":58},[44,112348,69],{"class":62},[44,112350,77],{"class":58},[44,112352,112353,112355,112357,112359,112361,112363,112365],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112354,1953],{"class":50},[44,112356,55],{"class":54},[44,112358,59],{"class":58},[44,112360,472],{"class":62},[44,112362,66],{"class":58},[44,112364,74],{"class":62},[44,112366,77],{"class":58},[44,112368,112369],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112370,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112372,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,112374,1602],{"class":50},[44,112376,55],{"class":54},[44,112378,56256],{"class":50},[44,112380,86],{"class":58},[44,112382,110523],{"class":89},[44,112384,93],{"class":58},[44,112386,563],{"class":89},[44,112388,99],{"class":58},[44,112390,112391],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112392,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112394,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,112396,106],{"class":105},[44,112398,93],{"class":58},[44,112400,1637],{"class":89},[44,112402,3031],{"class":58},[44,112404,111491],{"class":3034},[44,112406,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,112408,106],{"class":105},[44,112410,93],{"class":58},[44,112412,184],{"class":89},[44,112414,3031],{"class":58},[44,112416,111504],{"class":3034},[693,112418,112419],{"id":647},[15,112420,528],{},[165,112422,112423,112426],{},[168,112424,112425],{},"changes the existing set in place",[168,112427,112428],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,112430,112432],{"className":37,"code":112431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112433,112434,112450,112466,112470,112484,112488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112435,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112437,1925],{"class":50},[44,112439,55],{"class":54},[44,112441,59],{"class":58},[44,112443,63],{"class":62},[44,112445,66],{"class":58},[44,112447,69],{"class":62},[44,112449,77],{"class":58},[44,112451,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112453,1953],{"class":50},[44,112455,55],{"class":54},[44,112457,59],{"class":58},[44,112459,472],{"class":62},[44,112461,66],{"class":58},[44,112463,74],{"class":62},[44,112465,77],{"class":58},[44,112467,112468],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112469,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112471,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,112473,184],{"class":50},[44,112475,86],{"class":58},[44,112477,647],{"class":89},[44,112479,93],{"class":58},[44,112481,563],{"class":89},[44,112483,99],{"class":58},[44,112485,112486],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112487,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112489,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,112491,106],{"class":105},[44,112493,93],{"class":58},[44,112495,184],{"class":89},[44,112497,3031],{"class":58},[44,112499,111491],{"class":3034},[20,112501,148,112502,112504],{},[15,112503,102053],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112506,112507,112508,86],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[184,112509,2945,112510,718],{"href":97773},[15,112511,1263],{},[30,112513,3892],{"id":3891},[693,112515,1129,112517,112519],{"id":112516},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112518,102053],{}," to change the original set",[20,112521,81195],{},[35,112523,112525],{"className":37,"code":112524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112526,112527,112543,112559,112563,112577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112528,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112530,1925],{"class":50},[44,112532,55],{"class":54},[44,112534,59],{"class":58},[44,112536,63],{"class":62},[44,112538,66],{"class":58},[44,112540,69],{"class":62},[44,112542,77],{"class":58},[44,112544,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112546,1953],{"class":50},[44,112548,55],{"class":54},[44,112550,59],{"class":58},[44,112552,472],{"class":62},[44,112554,66],{"class":58},[44,112556,74],{"class":62},[44,112558,77],{"class":58},[44,112560,112561],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112562,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112564,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,112566,184],{"class":50},[44,112568,86],{"class":58},[44,112570,110523],{"class":89},[44,112572,93],{"class":58},[44,112574,563],{"class":89},[44,112576,99],{"class":58},[44,112578,112579,112581,112583,112585],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112580,106],{"class":105},[44,112582,93],{"class":58},[44,112584,184],{"class":89},[44,112586,99],{"class":58},[20,112588,118],{},[35,112590,112591],{"className":37,"code":99761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112592,112593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112594,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112596,128],{"class":58},[44,112598,63],{"class":62},[44,112600,66],{"class":58},[44,112602,69],{"class":62},[44,112604,77],{"class":58},[20,112606,7873,112607,112609],{},[15,112608,102053],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112611,112612],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,112614,112616],{"className":37,"code":112615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112617,112618,112634,112650,112654,112672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112619,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112621,1925],{"class":50},[44,112623,55],{"class":54},[44,112625,59],{"class":58},[44,112627,63],{"class":62},[44,112629,66],{"class":58},[44,112631,69],{"class":62},[44,112633,77],{"class":58},[44,112635,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112637,1953],{"class":50},[44,112639,55],{"class":54},[44,112641,59],{"class":58},[44,112643,472],{"class":62},[44,112645,66],{"class":58},[44,112647,74],{"class":62},[44,112649,77],{"class":58},[44,112651,112652],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112653,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112655,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,112657,1925],{"class":50},[44,112659,55],{"class":54},[44,112661,56256],{"class":50},[44,112663,86],{"class":58},[44,112665,110523],{"class":89},[44,112667,93],{"class":58},[44,112669,563],{"class":89},[44,112671,99],{"class":58},[44,112673,112674,112676,112678,112680],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112675,106],{"class":105},[44,112677,93],{"class":58},[44,112679,184],{"class":89},[44,112681,99],{"class":58},[693,112683,112685],{"id":112684},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112687,112688],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,112690,112692],{"className":37,"code":112691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112693,112694,112710,112726,112730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112695,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112697,1925],{"class":50},[44,112699,55],{"class":54},[44,112701,59],{"class":58},[44,112703,1433],{"class":62},[44,112705,66],{"class":58},[44,112707,4874],{"class":62},[44,112709,77],{"class":58},[44,112711,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112713,1953],{"class":50},[44,112715,55],{"class":54},[44,112717,59],{"class":58},[44,112719,472],{"class":62},[44,112721,66],{"class":58},[44,112723,143],{"class":62},[44,112725,77],{"class":58},[44,112727,112728],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112729,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,112731,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,112733,106],{"class":105},[44,112735,93],{"class":58},[44,112737,184],{"class":89},[44,112739,86],{"class":58},[44,112741,110523],{"class":89},[44,112743,93],{"class":58},[44,112745,563],{"class":89},[44,112747,973],{"class":58},[20,112749,112750],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[693,112752,112754],{"id":112753},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,112756,112758],{"className":37,"code":112757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112759,112760,112776,112798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112761,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112763,3441],{"class":50},[44,112765,55],{"class":54},[44,112767,59],{"class":58},[44,112769,279],{"class":278},[44,112771,57496],{"class":282},[44,112773,279],{"class":278},[44,112775,77],{"class":58},[44,112777,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112779,1602],{"class":50},[44,112781,55],{"class":54},[44,112783,5545],{"class":50},[44,112785,86],{"class":58},[44,112787,110523],{"class":89},[44,112789,93],{"class":58},[44,112791,279],{"class":278},[44,112793,36415],{"class":282},[44,112795,279],{"class":278},[44,112797,99],{"class":58},[44,112799,112800,112802,112804,112806],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112801,106],{"class":105},[44,112803,93],{"class":58},[44,112805,1637],{"class":89},[44,112807,99],{"class":58},[20,112809,112810,112811,1561,112813,16441,112815,112817,112818,112820],{},"This adds ",[15,112812,65850],{},[15,112814,17462],{},[15,112816,112306],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112819,112290],{}," as one item.",[20,112822,112823],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,112825,112827],{"className":37,"code":112826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112828,112829,112845,112867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112830,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112832,3441],{"class":50},[44,112834,55],{"class":54},[44,112836,59],{"class":58},[44,112838,279],{"class":278},[44,112840,57496],{"class":282},[44,112842,279],{"class":278},[44,112844,77],{"class":58},[44,112846,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112848,1602],{"class":50},[44,112850,55],{"class":54},[44,112852,5545],{"class":50},[44,112854,86],{"class":58},[44,112856,110523],{"class":89},[44,112858,650],{"class":58},[44,112860,279],{"class":278},[44,112862,36415],{"class":282},[44,112864,279],{"class":278},[44,112866,677],{"class":58},[44,112868,112869,112871,112873,112875],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112870,106],{"class":105},[44,112872,93],{"class":58},[44,112874,1637],{"class":89},[44,112876,99],{"class":58},[693,112878,112880],{"id":112879},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,112882,2207],{},[35,112884,112886],{"className":37,"code":112885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,112887,112888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112889,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112891,751],{"class":50},[44,112893,55],{"class":54},[44,112895,59],{"class":58},[44,112897,63],{"class":62},[44,112899,66],{"class":58},[44,112901,69],{"class":62},[44,112903,66],{"class":58},[44,112905,2992],{"class":58},[44,112907,1433],{"class":62},[44,112909,66],{"class":58},[44,112911,143],{"class":62},[44,112913,13077],{"class":58},[20,112915,112916],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,112918,112919,112920,1084],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,112921,102053],{},[35,112923,112925],{"className":37,"code":112924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112926,112927,112943,112965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112928,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112930,751],{"class":50},[44,112932,55],{"class":54},[44,112934,59],{"class":58},[44,112936,63],{"class":62},[44,112938,66],{"class":58},[44,112940,69],{"class":62},[44,112942,77],{"class":58},[44,112944,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,112946,1602],{"class":50},[44,112948,55],{"class":54},[44,112950,833],{"class":50},[44,112952,86],{"class":58},[44,112954,110523],{"class":89},[44,112956,650],{"class":58},[44,112958,1433],{"class":62},[44,112960,66],{"class":58},[44,112962,143],{"class":62},[44,112964,677],{"class":58},[44,112966,112967,112969,112971,112973],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112968,106],{"class":105},[44,112970,93],{"class":58},[44,112972,1637],{"class":89},[44,112974,99],{"class":58},[30,112976,112978],{"id":112977},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,112980,112981],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[165,112983,112984,112990,112997,113000],{},[168,112985,112986,112987,112989],{},"call ",[15,112988,102053],{}," without saving the returned set",[168,112991,112992,112993,8082,112995],{},"confuse ",[15,112994,102053],{},[15,112996,528],{},[168,112998,112999],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[168,113001,113002],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113004,113005,113006,3766,113010,86],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[184,113007,2945,113008,718],{"href":102042},[15,113009,105827],{},[184,113011,2945,113013,718],{"href":113012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113014,99673],{},[20,113016,61663],{},[35,113018,113020],{"className":37,"code":113019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113021,113022,113032,113046,113056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113023,113024,113026,113028,113030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113025,106],{"class":105},[44,113027,93],{"class":58},[44,113029,206],{"class":89},[44,113031,99],{"class":58},[44,113033,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113035,106],{"class":105},[44,113037,93],{"class":58},[44,113039,1090],{"class":909},[44,113041,93],{"class":58},[44,113043,206],{"class":89},[44,113045,973],{"class":58},[44,113047,113048,113050,113052,113054],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113049,106],{"class":105},[44,113051,93],{"class":58},[44,113053,1637],{"class":89},[44,113055,99],{"class":58},[44,113057,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113059,1209],{"class":105},[44,113061,93],{"class":58},[44,113063,1214],{"class":909},[44,113065,86],{"class":58},[44,113067,110523],{"class":1219},[44,113069,99],{"class":58},[30,113071,1235],{"id":1234},[693,113073,1239,113075,101993],{"id":113074},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113076,107297],{},[20,113078,101996],{},[693,113080,4544,113082,113084],{"id":113081},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113083,102053],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113086,113087],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[693,113089,27696,113091,113093],{"id":113090},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113092,102053],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113095,41521,113096,113098],{},[15,113097,102053],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[693,113100,113102],{"id":113101},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113104,113105],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[693,113107,4554,113109,3766,113111,1863],{"id":113108},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113110,102053],{},[15,113112,113113],{},"|",[20,113115,113116,113117,113119,113120,113122],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113118,113113],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113121,102053],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,113124,1279],{"id":1278},[165,113126,113127,113131,113137,113143,113149],{},[168,113128,113129],{},[184,113130,187],{"href":96753},[168,113132,113133],{},[184,113134,2945,113135,718],{"href":97773},[15,113136,1263],{},[168,113138,113139],{},[184,113140,2945,113141,718],{"href":102042},[15,113142,105827],{},[168,113144,113145],{},[184,113146,2945,113147,718],{"href":113012},[15,113148,99673],{},[168,113150,113151],{},[184,113152,99598],{"href":98331},[1304,113154,113155],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":113157},[113158,113159,113161,113162,113163,113164,113166,113172,113177,113184,113185,113196],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":111253,"depth":80,"text":113160},"What set.union() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":21336,"depth":80,"text":21337},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":111740,"depth":80,"text":113165},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":111898,"depth":80,"text":113167,"children":113168},"Using union() with other iterables",[113169,113170,113171],{"id":111909,"depth":102,"text":111910},{"id":112029,"depth":102,"text":112030},{"id":112171,"depth":102,"text":112172},{"id":112309,"depth":80,"text":113173,"children":113174},"union() vs update()",[113175,113176],{"id":110523,"depth":102,"text":102053},{"id":647,"depth":102,"text":528},{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":113178},[113179,113181,113182,113183],{"id":112516,"depth":102,"text":113180},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112684,"depth":102,"text":112685},{"id":112753,"depth":102,"text":112754},{"id":112879,"depth":102,"text":112880},{"id":112977,"depth":80,"text":112978},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":113186},[113187,113189,113191,113193,113194],{"id":113074,"depth":102,"text":113188},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113081,"depth":102,"text":113190},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113090,"depth":102,"text":113192},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113101,"depth":102,"text":113102},{"id":113108,"depth":102,"text":113195},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111133,"description":113197},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113203,"title":113204,"body":113205,"description":115094,"extension":1334,"meta":115095,"navigation":322,"path":714,"seo":115096,"stem":115097,"__hash__":115098},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113206,"toc":115060},[113207,113212,113217,113225,113227,113285,113290,113295,113299,113311,113314,113388,113393,113395,113397,113416,113418,113435,113438,113465,113467,113537,113541,113543,113549,113551,113612,113617,113619,113676,113680,113685,113750,113752,113772,113779,113783,113788,113873,113876,113883,113986,113990,113995,114053,114056,114067,114081,114088,114146,114153,114156,114166,114170,114228,114232,114298,114301,114359,114366,114373,114376,114380,114389,114458,114462,114468,114556,114566,114570,114574,114578,114581,114642,114647,114704,114708,114710,114745,114752,114754,114808,114815,114819,114822,114887,114896,114902,114959,114961,114966,114970,114974,114977,114984,114992,114996,115001,115005,115011,115013,115048,115057],[10,113208,13,113210,18],{"id":113209},"python-set-update-method",[15,113211,528],{},[20,113213,113214,113216],{},[15,113215,1263],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113218,113219,113220,113224],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[184,113221,113222],{"href":97754},[15,113223,24],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,113226,2978],{"id":2977},[35,113228,113230],{"className":37,"code":113229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113231,113232,113248,113270,113280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113233,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113235,51],{"class":50},[44,113237,55],{"class":54},[44,113239,59],{"class":58},[44,113241,63],{"class":62},[44,113243,66],{"class":58},[44,113245,69],{"class":62},[44,113247,77],{"class":58},[44,113249,113250,113252,113254,113256,113258,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113251,83],{"class":50},[44,113253,86],{"class":58},[44,113255,647],{"class":89},[44,113257,650],{"class":58},[44,113259,472],{"class":62},[44,113261,66],{"class":58},[44,113263,74],{"class":62},[44,113265,66],{"class":58},[44,113267,143],{"class":62},[44,113269,677],{"class":58},[44,113271,113272,113274,113276,113278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113273,106],{"class":105},[44,113275,93],{"class":58},[44,113277,83],{"class":89},[44,113279,99],{"class":58},[44,113281,113282],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113283,113284],{"class":3034},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113286,148,113287,113289],{},[15,113288,528],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,113291,155,113293,158],{"id":113292},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113294,1263],{},[20,113296,113297,1084],{},[15,113298,1263],{},[165,113300,113301,113304,113306,113309],{},[168,113302,113303],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[168,113305,173],{},[168,113307,113308],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[168,113310,176],{},[20,113312,113313],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,113315,113317],{"className":37,"code":113316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113318,113319,113343,113369,113373,113383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113320,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339,113341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113322,271],{"class":50},[44,113324,55],{"class":54},[44,113326,59],{"class":58},[44,113328,279],{"class":278},[44,113330,283],{"class":282},[44,113332,279],{"class":278},[44,113334,66],{"class":58},[44,113336,290],{"class":278},[44,113338,293],{"class":282},[44,113340,279],{"class":278},[44,113342,77],{"class":58},[44,113344,113345,113347,113349,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365,113367],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113346,302],{"class":50},[44,113348,86],{"class":58},[44,113350,647],{"class":89},[44,113352,650],{"class":58},[44,113354,279],{"class":278},[44,113356,293],{"class":282},[44,113358,279],{"class":278},[44,113360,66],{"class":58},[44,113362,290],{"class":278},[44,113364,313],{"class":282},[44,113366,279],{"class":278},[44,113368,677],{"class":58},[44,113370,113371],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113372,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113374,113375,113377,113379,113381],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113376,106],{"class":105},[44,113378,93],{"class":58},[44,113380,302],{"class":89},[44,113382,99],{"class":58},[44,113384,113385],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113386,113387],{"class":3034},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113389,20344,113390,113392],{},[15,113391,110288],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,113394,196],{"id":195},[20,113396,6595],{},[35,113398,113400],{"className":37,"code":113399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113401,113402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113403,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113405,206],{"class":50},[44,113407,86],{"class":58},[44,113409,647],{"class":89},[44,113411,93],{"class":58},[44,113413,3091],{"class":89},[44,113415,99],{"class":58},[20,113417,79571],{},[165,113419,113420,113423,113426,113429,113432],{},[168,113421,113422],{},"A list",[168,113424,113425],{},"A tuple",[168,113427,113428],{},"Another set",[168,113430,113431],{},"A string",[168,113433,113434],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113436,113437],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,113439,113441],{"className":37,"code":113440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113442,113443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113444,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113446,206],{"class":50},[44,113448,86],{"class":58},[44,113450,647],{"class":89},[44,113452,93],{"class":58},[44,113454,184],{"class":89},[44,113456,66],{"class":58},[44,113458,1930],{"class":89},[44,113460,66],{"class":58},[44,113462,9059],{"class":89},[44,113464,99],{"class":58},[20,113466,894],{},[35,113468,113470],{"className":37,"code":113469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113471,113472,113484,113518,113522,113532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113473,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113475,3193],{"class":50},[44,113477,55],{"class":54},[44,113479,59],{"class":58},[44,113481,63],{"class":62},[44,113483,77],{"class":58},[44,113485,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113487,4734],{"class":50},[44,113489,86],{"class":58},[44,113491,647],{"class":89},[44,113493,650],{"class":58},[44,113495,472],{"class":62},[44,113497,66],{"class":58},[44,113499,74],{"class":62},[44,113501,17428],{"class":58},[44,113503,8615],{"class":58},[44,113505,96],{"class":62},[44,113507,66],{"class":58},[44,113509,1064],{"class":62},[44,113511,8612],{"class":58},[44,113513,59],{"class":58},[44,113515,79962],{"class":62},[44,113517,29861],{"class":58},[44,113519,113520],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113521,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113523,113524,113526,113528,113530],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113525,106],{"class":105},[44,113527,93],{"class":58},[44,113529,4734],{"class":89},[44,113531,99],{"class":58},[44,113533,113534],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113535,113536],{"class":3034},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113538,182,113539,86],{},[184,113540,192],{"href":97137},[30,113542,21337],{"id":21336},[20,113544,113545,727,113547,86],{},[15,113546,1263],{},[15,113548,730],{},[20,113550,11087],{},[35,113552,113554],{"className":37,"code":113553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113555,113556,113572,113594,113598,113608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113557,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113559,51],{"class":50},[44,113561,55],{"class":54},[44,113563,59],{"class":58},[44,113565,63],{"class":62},[44,113567,66],{"class":58},[44,113569,69],{"class":62},[44,113571,77],{"class":58},[44,113573,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113575,1602],{"class":50},[44,113577,55],{"class":54},[44,113579,3635],{"class":50},[44,113581,86],{"class":58},[44,113583,647],{"class":89},[44,113585,650],{"class":58},[44,113587,1433],{"class":62},[44,113589,66],{"class":58},[44,113591,143],{"class":62},[44,113593,677],{"class":58},[44,113595,113596],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113597,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113599,113600,113602,113604,113606],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113601,106],{"class":105},[44,113603,93],{"class":58},[44,113605,1637],{"class":89},[44,113607,99],{"class":58},[44,113609,113610],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113611,61199],{"class":3034},[20,113613,113614,113615,86],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113616,1637],{},[20,113618,18334],{},[35,113620,113622],{"className":37,"code":113621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113623,113624,113640,113658,113662,113672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113625,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113627,51],{"class":50},[44,113629,55],{"class":54},[44,113631,59],{"class":58},[44,113633,63],{"class":62},[44,113635,66],{"class":58},[44,113637,69],{"class":62},[44,113639,77],{"class":58},[44,113641,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652,113654,113656],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113643,83],{"class":50},[44,113645,86],{"class":58},[44,113647,647],{"class":89},[44,113649,650],{"class":58},[44,113651,1433],{"class":62},[44,113653,66],{"class":58},[44,113655,143],{"class":62},[44,113657,677],{"class":58},[44,113659,113660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113661,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113663,113664,113666,113668,113670],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113665,106],{"class":105},[44,113667,93],{"class":58},[44,113669,83],{"class":89},[44,113671,99],{"class":58},[44,113673,113674],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113675,113284],{"class":3034},[30,113677,113679],{"id":113678},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113681,113682,113683,86],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113684,528],{},[35,113686,113688],{"className":37,"code":113687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113689,113690,113706,113732,113736,113746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113691,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700,113702,113704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113693,51],{"class":50},[44,113695,55],{"class":54},[44,113697,59],{"class":58},[44,113699,63],{"class":62},[44,113701,66],{"class":58},[44,113703,69],{"class":62},[44,113705,77],{"class":58},[44,113707,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113709,83],{"class":50},[44,113711,86],{"class":58},[44,113713,647],{"class":89},[44,113715,650],{"class":58},[44,113717,472],{"class":62},[44,113719,66],{"class":58},[44,113721,74],{"class":62},[44,113723,66],{"class":58},[44,113725,143],{"class":62},[44,113727,66],{"class":58},[44,113729,143],{"class":62},[44,113731,677],{"class":58},[44,113733,113734],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113735,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113737,113738,113740,113742,113744],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113739,106],{"class":105},[44,113741,93],{"class":58},[44,113743,83],{"class":89},[44,113745,99],{"class":58},[44,113747,113748],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113749,113284],{"class":3034},[20,113751,11056],{},[165,113753,113754,113759,113766],{},[168,113755,113756,113758],{},[15,113757,472],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[168,113760,113761,3766,113763,113765],{},[15,113762,1433],{},[15,113764,96],{}," are added",[168,113767,113768,113769,113771],{},"The second ",[15,113770,96],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113773,113774,113775,113778],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[184,113776,113777],{"href":98331},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,113780,113782],{"id":113781},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113784,7141,113785,113787],{},[15,113786,528],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,113789,113791],{"className":37,"code":113790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113792,113793,113814,113835,113839,113855,113859,113869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113794,113795,113798,113800,113802,113804,113806,113808,113810,113812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113796,113797],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,113799,55],{"class":54},[44,113801,59],{"class":58},[44,113803,63],{"class":62},[44,113805,66],{"class":58},[44,113807,69],{"class":62},[44,113809,66],{"class":58},[44,113811,74],{"class":62},[44,113813,77],{"class":58},[44,113815,113816,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831,113833],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113817,113818],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,113820,55],{"class":54},[44,113822,59],{"class":58},[44,113824,1433],{"class":62},[44,113826,66],{"class":58},[44,113828,143],{"class":62},[44,113830,66],{"class":58},[44,113832,1064],{"class":62},[44,113834,77],{"class":58},[44,113836,113837],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113838,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113840,113841,113844,113846,113848,113850,113853],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113842,113843],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,113845,86],{"class":58},[44,113847,647],{"class":89},[44,113849,93],{"class":58},[44,113851,113852],{"class":89},"set_b",[44,113854,99],{"class":58},[44,113856,113857],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113858,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113860,113861,113863,113865,113867],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,113862,106],{"class":105},[44,113864,93],{"class":58},[44,113866,113843],{"class":89},[44,113868,99],{"class":58},[44,113870,113871],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,113872,111245],{"class":3034},[20,113874,113875],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,113877,113878,113879,86],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[184,113880,113881],{"href":102050},[15,113882,107297],{},[35,113884,113886],{"className":37,"code":113885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113887,113888,113908,113928,113932,113952,113956,113967,113971,113981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113889,113890,113892,113894,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113891,113797],{"class":50},[44,113893,55],{"class":54},[44,113895,59],{"class":58},[44,113897,63],{"class":62},[44,113899,66],{"class":58},[44,113901,69],{"class":62},[44,113903,66],{"class":58},[44,113905,74],{"class":62},[44,113907,77],{"class":58},[44,113909,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,113911,113818],{"class":50},[44,113913,55],{"class":54},[44,113915,59],{"class":58},[44,113917,1433],{"class":62},[44,113919,66],{"class":58},[44,113921,143],{"class":62},[44,113923,66],{"class":58},[44,113925,1064],{"class":62},[44,113927,77],{"class":58},[44,113929,113930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113931,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113933,113934,113937,113939,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,113935,113936],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,113938,55],{"class":54},[44,113940,113941],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,113943,86],{"class":58},[44,113945,110523],{"class":89},[44,113947,93],{"class":58},[44,113949,113852],{"class":89},[44,113951,99],{"class":58},[44,113953,113954],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113955,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,113957,113958,113960,113962,113965],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,113959,106],{"class":105},[44,113961,93],{"class":58},[44,113963,113964],{"class":89},"combined",[44,113966,99],{"class":58},[44,113968,113969],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,113970,111245],{"class":3034},[44,113972,113973,113975,113977,113979],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,113974,106],{"class":105},[44,113976,93],{"class":58},[44,113978,113843],{"class":89},[44,113980,99],{"class":58},[44,113982,113983],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,113984,113985],{"class":3034},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,113987,113989],{"id":113988},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,113991,64108,113992,113994],{},[15,113993,528],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,113996,113998],{"className":37,"code":113997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,113999,114000,114016,114034,114038,114048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114001,114002,114004,114006,114008,114010,114012,114014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114003,546],{"class":50},[44,114005,55],{"class":54},[44,114007,59],{"class":58},[44,114009,279],{"class":278},[44,114011,1545],{"class":282},[44,114013,279],{"class":278},[44,114015,77],{"class":58},[44,114017,114018,114020,114022,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114019,572],{"class":50},[44,114021,86],{"class":58},[44,114023,647],{"class":89},[44,114025,93],{"class":58},[44,114027,279],{"class":278},[44,114029,36415],{"class":282},[44,114031,279],{"class":278},[44,114033,99],{"class":58},[44,114035,114036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114037,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114039,114040,114042,114044,114046],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114041,106],{"class":105},[44,114043,93],{"class":58},[44,114045,572],{"class":89},[44,114047,99],{"class":58},[44,114049,114050],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114051,114052],{"class":3034},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114054,114055],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114057,114058,13425,114061,114063,114064,114066],{},[15,114059,114060],{},"update(\"cat\")",[116,114062,736],{}," add ",[15,114065,112290],{}," as one item. It adds:",[165,114068,114069,114073,114077],{},[168,114070,114071],{},[15,114072,65850],{},[168,114074,114075],{},[15,114076,17462],{},[168,114078,114079],{},[15,114080,112306],{},[20,114082,114083,114084,1084],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[184,114085,114086],{"href":97754},[15,114087,24],{},[35,114089,114091],{"className":37,"code":114090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114092,114093,114109,114127,114131,114141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114094,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114096,3441],{"class":50},[44,114098,55],{"class":54},[44,114100,59],{"class":58},[44,114102,279],{"class":278},[44,114104,57496],{"class":282},[44,114106,279],{"class":278},[44,114108,77],{"class":58},[44,114110,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114112,3485],{"class":50},[44,114114,86],{"class":58},[44,114116,90],{"class":89},[44,114118,93],{"class":58},[44,114120,279],{"class":278},[44,114122,36415],{"class":282},[44,114124,279],{"class":278},[44,114126,99],{"class":58},[44,114128,114129],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114130,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114132,114133,114135,114137,114139],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114134,106],{"class":105},[44,114136,93],{"class":58},[44,114138,3485],{"class":89},[44,114140,99],{"class":58},[44,114142,114143],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114144,114145],{"class":3034},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,114147,114149,525,114151],{"id":114148},"update-vs-add",[15,114150,528],{},[15,114152,17],{},[20,114154,114155],{},"The difference is simple:",[165,114157,114158,114162],{},[168,114159,114160,703],{},[15,114161,17],{},[168,114163,114164,708],{},[15,114165,528],{},[20,114167,45411,114168,1084],{},[15,114169,17],{},[35,114171,114173],{"className":37,"code":114172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114174,114175,114191,114209,114213,114223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114176,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114178,35606],{"class":50},[44,114180,55],{"class":54},[44,114182,59],{"class":58},[44,114184,279],{"class":278},[44,114186,3450],{"class":282},[44,114188,279],{"class":278},[44,114190,77],{"class":58},[44,114192,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114194,35658],{"class":50},[44,114196,86],{"class":58},[44,114198,90],{"class":89},[44,114200,93],{"class":58},[44,114202,279],{"class":278},[44,114204,3459],{"class":282},[44,114206,279],{"class":278},[44,114208,99],{"class":58},[44,114210,114211],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114212,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114214,114215,114217,114219,114221],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114216,106],{"class":105},[44,114218,93],{"class":58},[44,114220,35658],{"class":89},[44,114222,99],{"class":58},[44,114224,114225],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114226,114227],{"class":3034},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114229,45411,114230,1084],{},[15,114231,528],{},[35,114233,114235],{"className":37,"code":114234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114236,114237,114253,114279,114283,114293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114238,114239,114241,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114240,35606],{"class":50},[44,114242,55],{"class":54},[44,114244,59],{"class":58},[44,114246,279],{"class":278},[44,114248,3450],{"class":282},[44,114250,279],{"class":278},[44,114252,77],{"class":58},[44,114254,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114256,35658],{"class":50},[44,114258,86],{"class":58},[44,114260,647],{"class":89},[44,114262,650],{"class":58},[44,114264,279],{"class":278},[44,114266,3459],{"class":282},[44,114268,279],{"class":278},[44,114270,66],{"class":58},[44,114272,290],{"class":278},[44,114274,32586],{"class":282},[44,114276,279],{"class":278},[44,114278,677],{"class":58},[44,114280,114281],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114282,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114284,114285,114287,114289,114291],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114286,106],{"class":105},[44,114288,93],{"class":58},[44,114290,35658],{"class":89},[44,114292,99],{"class":58},[44,114294,114295],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114296,114297],{"class":3034},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114299,114300],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,114302,114304],{"className":37,"code":114303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114305,114306,114322,114340,114344,114354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114307,114308,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114309,35606],{"class":50},[44,114311,55],{"class":54},[44,114313,59],{"class":58},[44,114315,279],{"class":278},[44,114317,3450],{"class":282},[44,114319,279],{"class":278},[44,114321,77],{"class":58},[44,114323,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114325,35658],{"class":50},[44,114327,86],{"class":58},[44,114329,647],{"class":89},[44,114331,93],{"class":58},[44,114333,279],{"class":278},[44,114335,37709],{"class":282},[44,114337,279],{"class":278},[44,114339,99],{"class":58},[44,114341,114342],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114343,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114345,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114347,106],{"class":105},[44,114349,93],{"class":58},[44,114351,35658],{"class":89},[44,114353,99],{"class":58},[44,114355,114356],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114357,114358],{"class":3034},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114360,61474,114361,61547,114364,6007],{},[15,114362,114363],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114365,17],{},[30,114367,114369,525,114371],{"id":114368},"update-vs-union",[15,114370,528],{},[15,114372,102053],{},[20,114374,114375],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[693,114377,114378],{"id":647},[15,114379,528],{},[165,114381,114382,114385],{},[168,114383,114384],{},"Changes the existing set",[168,114386,10799,114387],{},[15,114388,730],{},[35,114390,114392],{"className":37,"code":114391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114393,114394,114410,114426,114430,114444,114454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114395,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114397,1925],{"class":50},[44,114399,55],{"class":54},[44,114401,59],{"class":58},[44,114403,63],{"class":62},[44,114405,66],{"class":58},[44,114407,69],{"class":62},[44,114409,77],{"class":58},[44,114411,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114413,1953],{"class":50},[44,114415,55],{"class":54},[44,114417,59],{"class":58},[44,114419,472],{"class":62},[44,114421,66],{"class":58},[44,114423,74],{"class":62},[44,114425,77],{"class":58},[44,114427,114428],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114429,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114431,114432,114434,114436,114438,114440,114442],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114433,184],{"class":50},[44,114435,86],{"class":58},[44,114437,647],{"class":89},[44,114439,93],{"class":58},[44,114441,563],{"class":89},[44,114443,99],{"class":58},[44,114445,114446,114448,114450,114452],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114447,106],{"class":105},[44,114449,93],{"class":58},[44,114451,184],{"class":89},[44,114453,99],{"class":58},[44,114455,114456],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,114457,113985],{"class":3034},[693,114459,114460],{"id":110523},[15,114461,102053],{},[165,114463,114464,114466],{},[168,114465,100591],{},[168,114467,100594],{},[35,114469,114471],{"className":37,"code":114470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114472,114473,114489,114505,114509,114527,114537,114541,114551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114474,114475,114477,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114476,1925],{"class":50},[44,114478,55],{"class":54},[44,114480,59],{"class":58},[44,114482,63],{"class":62},[44,114484,66],{"class":58},[44,114486,69],{"class":62},[44,114488,77],{"class":58},[44,114490,114491,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114492,1953],{"class":50},[44,114494,55],{"class":54},[44,114496,59],{"class":58},[44,114498,472],{"class":62},[44,114500,66],{"class":58},[44,114502,74],{"class":62},[44,114504,77],{"class":58},[44,114506,114507],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114508,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114510,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114512,82553],{"class":50},[44,114514,55],{"class":54},[44,114516,56256],{"class":50},[44,114518,86],{"class":58},[44,114520,110523],{"class":89},[44,114522,93],{"class":58},[44,114524,563],{"class":89},[44,114526,99],{"class":58},[44,114528,114529,114531,114533,114535],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114530,106],{"class":105},[44,114532,93],{"class":58},[44,114534,583],{"class":89},[44,114536,99],{"class":58},[44,114538,114539],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,114540,113985],{"class":3034},[44,114542,114543,114545,114547,114549],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,114544,106],{"class":105},[44,114546,93],{"class":58},[44,114548,184],{"class":89},[44,114550,99],{"class":58},[44,114552,114553],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,114554,114555],{"class":3034},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114557,106939,114558,114560,114561,114565],{},[15,114559,528],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[184,114562,114563],{"href":102050},[15,114564,102053],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,114567,114569],{"id":114568},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114571,10123,114572,86],{},[15,114573,1263],{},[693,114575,114577],{"id":114576},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114579,114580],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,114582,114584],{"className":37,"code":114583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114585,114586,114602,114624,114628,114638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114587,114588,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114589,751],{"class":50},[44,114591,55],{"class":54},[44,114593,59],{"class":58},[44,114595,63],{"class":62},[44,114597,66],{"class":58},[44,114599,69],{"class":62},[44,114601,77],{"class":58},[44,114603,114604,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114605,1602],{"class":50},[44,114607,55],{"class":54},[44,114609,833],{"class":50},[44,114611,86],{"class":58},[44,114613,647],{"class":89},[44,114615,650],{"class":58},[44,114617,1433],{"class":62},[44,114619,66],{"class":58},[44,114621,143],{"class":62},[44,114623,677],{"class":58},[44,114625,114626],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114627,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114629,114630,114632,114634,114636],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114631,106],{"class":105},[44,114633,93],{"class":58},[44,114635,1637],{"class":89},[44,114637,99],{"class":58},[44,114639,114640],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114641,61199],{"class":3034},[20,114643,114644,114645,1084],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114646,528],{},[35,114648,114650],{"className":37,"code":114649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114651,114652,114668,114686,114690,114700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114653,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114655,751],{"class":50},[44,114657,55],{"class":54},[44,114659,59],{"class":58},[44,114661,63],{"class":62},[44,114663,66],{"class":58},[44,114665,69],{"class":62},[44,114667,77],{"class":58},[44,114669,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114671,206],{"class":50},[44,114673,86],{"class":58},[44,114675,647],{"class":89},[44,114677,650],{"class":58},[44,114679,1433],{"class":62},[44,114681,66],{"class":58},[44,114683,143],{"class":62},[44,114685,677],{"class":58},[44,114687,114688],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114689,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114691,114692,114694,114696,114698],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114693,106],{"class":105},[44,114695,93],{"class":58},[44,114697,206],{"class":89},[44,114699,99],{"class":58},[44,114701,114702],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114703,113284],{"class":3034},[693,114705,114707],{"id":114706},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114709,2207],{},[35,114711,114713],{"className":37,"code":114712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114714,114715,114731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114716,114717,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727,114729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114718,751],{"class":50},[44,114720,55],{"class":54},[44,114722,59],{"class":58},[44,114724,63],{"class":62},[44,114726,66],{"class":58},[44,114728,69],{"class":62},[44,114730,77],{"class":58},[44,114732,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114734,206],{"class":50},[44,114736,86],{"class":58},[44,114738,647],{"class":89},[44,114740,93],{"class":58},[44,114742,1508],{"class":62},[44,114744,99],{"class":58},[20,114746,61653,114747,7979,114749,114751],{},[15,114748,1081],{},[15,114750,1508],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114753,5930],{},[35,114755,114757],{"className":37,"code":114756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114758,114759,114775,114789,114793,114803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114760,114761,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114762,751],{"class":50},[44,114764,55],{"class":54},[44,114766,59],{"class":58},[44,114768,63],{"class":62},[44,114770,66],{"class":58},[44,114772,69],{"class":62},[44,114774,77],{"class":58},[44,114776,114777,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114778,206],{"class":50},[44,114780,86],{"class":58},[44,114782,647],{"class":89},[44,114784,650],{"class":58},[44,114786,1508],{"class":62},[44,114788,677],{"class":58},[44,114790,114791],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114792,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114794,114795,114797,114799,114801],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114796,106],{"class":105},[44,114798,93],{"class":58},[44,114800,206],{"class":89},[44,114802,99],{"class":58},[44,114804,114805],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114806,114807],{"class":3034},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114809,45284,114810,86],{},[184,114811,25046,114812],{"href":51973},[15,114813,114814],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[693,114816,114818],{"id":114817},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114820,114821],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,114823,114825],{"className":37,"code":114824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114826,114827,114843,114869,114873,114883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114828,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114830,751],{"class":50},[44,114832,55],{"class":54},[44,114834,59],{"class":58},[44,114836,63],{"class":62},[44,114838,66],{"class":58},[44,114840,69],{"class":62},[44,114842,77],{"class":58},[44,114844,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114846,206],{"class":50},[44,114848,86],{"class":58},[44,114850,647],{"class":89},[44,114852,650],{"class":58},[44,114854,472],{"class":62},[44,114856,66],{"class":58},[44,114858,69],{"class":62},[44,114860,66],{"class":58},[44,114862,69],{"class":62},[44,114864,66],{"class":58},[44,114866,74],{"class":62},[44,114868,677],{"class":58},[44,114870,114871],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114872,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114874,114875,114877,114879,114881],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114876,106],{"class":105},[44,114878,93],{"class":58},[44,114880,206],{"class":89},[44,114882,99],{"class":58},[44,114884,114885],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114886,113985],{"class":3034},[693,114888,114890,114891,44000,114893,114895],{"id":114889},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,114892,528],{},[15,114894,17],{}," is better",[20,114897,114898,114899,114901],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,114900,17],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,114903,114905],{"className":37,"code":114904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114906,114907,114923,114941,114945,114955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114908,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114910,751],{"class":50},[44,114912,55],{"class":54},[44,114914,59],{"class":58},[44,114916,279],{"class":278},[44,114918,57496],{"class":282},[44,114920,279],{"class":278},[44,114922,77],{"class":58},[44,114924,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,114926,206],{"class":50},[44,114928,86],{"class":58},[44,114930,90],{"class":89},[44,114932,93],{"class":58},[44,114934,279],{"class":278},[44,114936,36415],{"class":282},[44,114938,279],{"class":278},[44,114940,99],{"class":58},[44,114942,114943],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114944,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,114946,114947,114949,114951,114953],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,114948,106],{"class":105},[44,114950,93],{"class":58},[44,114952,206],{"class":89},[44,114954,99],{"class":58},[44,114956,114957],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114958,114145],{"class":3034},[30,114960,1235],{"id":1234},[693,114962,1239,114964,1242],{"id":114963},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,114965,1263],{},[20,114967,1245,114968,86],{},[15,114969,730],{},[693,114971,27696,114972,31591],{"id":31588},[15,114973,528],{},[20,114975,114976],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[693,114978,4554,114980,3766,114982,1863],{"id":114979},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,114981,17],{},[15,114983,528],{},[20,114985,114986,114988,114989,114991],{},[15,114987,17],{}," adds one item. ",[15,114990,528],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[693,114993,114995],{"id":114994},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,114997,114998,114999,113994],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115000,528],{},[693,115002,115004],{"id":115003},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115006,148,115007,1264,115009,86],{},[15,115008,102053],{},[15,115010,528],{},[30,115012,1279],{"id":1278},[165,115014,115015,115022,115029,115035,115041],{},[168,115016,115017],{},[184,115018,115019],{"href":97754},[15,115020,115021],{},"Python set add() method",[168,115023,115024],{},[184,115025,115026],{"href":102050},[15,115027,115028],{},"Python set union() method",[168,115030,115031],{},[184,115032,115033],{"href":97137},[15,115034,1290],{},[168,115036,115037],{},[184,115038,115039],{"href":98331},[15,115040,99598],{},[168,115042,115043],{},[184,115044,115045,115047],{"href":51973},[15,115046,114814],{}," fix",[20,115049,115050,115051,115053,115054,115056],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115052,24],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115055,107297],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1304,115058,115059],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":115061},[115062,115063,115065,115066,115067,115068,115069,115070,115072,115077,115084,115093],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":113292,"depth":80,"text":115064},"What set.update() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":21336,"depth":80,"text":21337},{"id":113678,"depth":80,"text":113679},{"id":113781,"depth":80,"text":113782},{"id":113988,"depth":80,"text":113989},{"id":114148,"depth":80,"text":115071},"update() vs add()",{"id":114368,"depth":80,"text":115073,"children":115074},"update() vs union()",[115075,115076],{"id":647,"depth":102,"text":528},{"id":110523,"depth":102,"text":102053},{"id":114568,"depth":80,"text":114569,"children":115078},[115079,115080,115081,115082],{"id":114576,"depth":102,"text":114577},{"id":114706,"depth":102,"text":114707},{"id":114817,"depth":102,"text":114818},{"id":114889,"depth":102,"text":115083},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":115085},[115086,115088,115089,115091,115092],{"id":114963,"depth":102,"text":115087},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31588,"depth":102,"text":31661},{"id":114979,"depth":102,"text":115090},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":114994,"depth":102,"text":114995},{"id":115003,"depth":102,"text":115004},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113204,"description":115094},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115100,"title":115101,"body":115102,"description":116868,"extension":1334,"meta":116869,"navigation":322,"path":13161,"seo":116870,"stem":116871,"__hash__":116872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115103,"toc":116843},[115104,115107,115110,115113,115124,115132,115135,115137,115286,115298,115302,115319,115323,115331,115333,115344,115346,115443,115449,115452,115548,115557,115562,115566,115571,115573,115583,115585,115694,115702,115706,115709,115712,115729,115735,115815,115818,115822,115825,115829,115832,115891,115894,115898,115901,115993,115997,116000,116107,116111,116117,116145,116147,116229,116239,116243,116246,116257,116260,116345,116348,116353,116357,116360,116371,116374,116516,116519,116523,116526,116540,116543,116604,116610,116612,116615,116637,116640,116740,116743,116775,116777,116781,116784,116786,116789,116793,116796,116800,116803,116807,116810,116812,116840],[10,115105,115101],{"id":115106},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115108,115109],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115111,115112],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[165,115114,115115,115118,115121],{},[168,115116,115117],{},"a list inside another list",[168,115119,115120],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[168,115122,115123],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115125,99520,115126,3766,115128,115131],{},[116,115127,12223],{},[116,115129,115130],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115133,115134],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,115136,33],{"id":32},[35,115138,115140],{"className":37,"code":115139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115141,115142,115149,115153,115179,115199,115219,115223,115241,115245,115258,115272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115143,115144,115146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115145,34458],{"class":3246},[44,115147,115148],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,115150,115151],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115152,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115154,115155,115157,115159,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115156,11458],{"class":50},[44,115158,55],{"class":54},[44,115160,55664],{"class":58},[44,115162,63],{"class":62},[44,115164,66],{"class":58},[44,115166,69],{"class":62},[44,115168,17428],{"class":58},[44,115170,2992],{"class":58},[44,115172,1433],{"class":62},[44,115174,66],{"class":58},[44,115176,143],{"class":62},[44,115178,52613],{"class":58},[44,115180,115181,115184,115186,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,115182,115183],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,115185,55],{"class":54},[44,115187,115188],{"class":50}," copy",[44,115190,86],{"class":58},[44,115192,12284],{"class":89},[44,115194,93],{"class":58},[44,115196,11505],{"class":89},[44,115198,99],{"class":58},[44,115200,115201,115204,115206,115208,115210,115213,115215,115217],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115202,115203],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,115205,55],{"class":54},[44,115207,115188],{"class":50},[44,115209,86],{"class":58},[44,115211,115212],{"class":89},"deepcopy",[44,115214,93],{"class":58},[44,115216,11505],{"class":89},[44,115218,99],{"class":58},[44,115220,115221],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,115222,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115224,115225,115227,115229,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,115226,11505],{"class":50},[44,115228,3270],{"class":58},[44,115230,1491],{"class":62},[44,115232,12921],{"class":58},[44,115234,12924],{"class":89},[44,115236,93],{"class":58},[44,115238,55717],{"class":62},[44,115240,99],{"class":58},[44,115242,115243],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,115244,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115246,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,115248,106],{"class":105},[44,115250,93],{"class":58},[44,115252,11505],{"class":89},[44,115254,3031],{"class":58},[44,115256,115257],{"class":3034},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115259,115260,115262,115264,115267,115269],{"class":46,"line":5812},[44,115261,106],{"class":105},[44,115263,93],{"class":58},[44,115265,115266],{"class":89},"shallow",[44,115268,3031],{"class":58},[44,115270,115271],{"class":3034},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115273,115274,115276,115278,115281,115283],{"class":46,"line":10967},[44,115275,106],{"class":105},[44,115277,93],{"class":58},[44,115279,115280],{"class":89},"deep",[44,115282,3031],{"class":58},[44,115284,115285],{"class":3034},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115287,148,115288,115291,115292,3766,115294,115297],{},[15,115289,115290],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[116,115293,12223],{},[15,115295,115296],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,115299,115301],{"id":115300},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[165,115303,115304,115307,115310,115313,115316],{},[168,115305,115306],{},"What a copy means in Python",[168,115308,115309],{},"How shallow copy works",[168,115311,115312],{},"How deep copy works",[168,115314,115315],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[168,115317,115318],{},"When to use each approach",[30,115320,115322],{"id":115321},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115324,14559,115325,115327,115328,115330],{},[116,115326,12223],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[116,115329,736],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115332,1478],{},[165,115334,115335,115338,115341],{},[168,115336,115337],{},"the outer container is new",[168,115339,115340],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[168,115342,115343],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115345,894],{},[35,115347,115349],{"className":37,"code":115348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115350,115351,115377,115391,115395,115413,115417,115430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115352,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369,115371,115373,115375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115354,11458],{"class":50},[44,115356,55],{"class":54},[44,115358,55664],{"class":58},[44,115360,63],{"class":62},[44,115362,66],{"class":58},[44,115364,69],{"class":62},[44,115366,17428],{"class":58},[44,115368,2992],{"class":58},[44,115370,1433],{"class":62},[44,115372,66],{"class":58},[44,115374,143],{"class":62},[44,115376,52613],{"class":58},[44,115378,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387,115389],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115380,13683],{"class":50},[44,115382,55],{"class":54},[44,115384,11533],{"class":50},[44,115386,86],{"class":58},[44,115388,12284],{"class":89},[44,115390,913],{"class":58},[44,115392,115393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115394,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115396,115397,115399,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,115398,13702],{"class":50},[44,115400,86],{"class":58},[44,115402,12924],{"class":89},[44,115404,650],{"class":58},[44,115406,1508],{"class":62},[44,115408,66],{"class":58},[44,115410,37011],{"class":62},[44,115412,677],{"class":58},[44,115414,115415],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115416,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115418,115419,115421,115423,115425,115427],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,115420,106],{"class":105},[44,115422,93],{"class":58},[44,115424,11505],{"class":89},[44,115426,3031],{"class":58},[44,115428,115429],{"class":3034},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115431,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,115433,106],{"class":105},[44,115435,93],{"class":58},[44,115437,13702],{"class":89},[44,115439,3031],{"class":58},[44,115441,115442],{"class":3034},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115444,115445,115446,115448],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115447,13702],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115450,115451],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,115453,115455],{"className":37,"code":115454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115456,115457,115483,115497,115501,115519,115523,115535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115458,115459,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469,115471,115473,115475,115477,115479,115481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115460,11458],{"class":50},[44,115462,55],{"class":54},[44,115464,55664],{"class":58},[44,115466,63],{"class":62},[44,115468,66],{"class":58},[44,115470,69],{"class":62},[44,115472,17428],{"class":58},[44,115474,2992],{"class":58},[44,115476,1433],{"class":62},[44,115478,66],{"class":58},[44,115480,143],{"class":62},[44,115482,52613],{"class":58},[44,115484,115485,115487,115489,115491,115493,115495],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115486,13683],{"class":50},[44,115488,55],{"class":54},[44,115490,11533],{"class":50},[44,115492,86],{"class":58},[44,115494,12284],{"class":89},[44,115496,913],{"class":58},[44,115498,115499],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115500,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115502,115503,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,115504,13702],{"class":50},[44,115506,3270],{"class":58},[44,115508,1491],{"class":62},[44,115510,12921],{"class":58},[44,115512,12924],{"class":89},[44,115514,93],{"class":58},[44,115516,55717],{"class":62},[44,115518,99],{"class":58},[44,115520,115521],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115522,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115524,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,115526,106],{"class":105},[44,115528,93],{"class":58},[44,115530,11505],{"class":89},[44,115532,3031],{"class":58},[44,115534,115257],{"class":3034},[44,115536,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,115538,106],{"class":105},[44,115540,93],{"class":58},[44,115542,13702],{"class":89},[44,115544,3031],{"class":58},[44,115546,115547],{"class":3034},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115549,115550,115551,3766,115553,115556],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115552,55821],{},[15,115554,115555],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115558,115559,115560,86],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[184,115561,43306],{"href":11437},[30,115563,115565],{"id":115564},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115567,14559,115568,115570],{},[116,115569,115130],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115572,1478],{},[165,115574,115575,115577,115580],{},[168,115576,115337],{},[168,115578,115579],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[168,115581,115582],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115584,894],{},[35,115586,115588],{"className":37,"code":115587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115589,115590,115596,115600,115626,115644,115648,115666,115670,115682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115591,115592,115594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115593,34458],{"class":3246},[44,115595,115148],{"class":50},[44,115597,115598],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115599,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115601,115602,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618,115620,115622,115624],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115603,11458],{"class":50},[44,115605,55],{"class":54},[44,115607,55664],{"class":58},[44,115609,63],{"class":62},[44,115611,66],{"class":58},[44,115613,69],{"class":62},[44,115615,17428],{"class":58},[44,115617,2992],{"class":58},[44,115619,1433],{"class":62},[44,115621,66],{"class":58},[44,115623,143],{"class":62},[44,115625,52613],{"class":58},[44,115627,115628,115630,115632,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,115629,13683],{"class":50},[44,115631,55],{"class":54},[44,115633,115188],{"class":50},[44,115635,86],{"class":58},[44,115637,115212],{"class":89},[44,115639,93],{"class":58},[44,115641,11505],{"class":89},[44,115643,99],{"class":58},[44,115645,115646],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115647,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115649,115650,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660,115662,115664],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,115651,13702],{"class":50},[44,115653,3270],{"class":58},[44,115655,1491],{"class":62},[44,115657,12921],{"class":58},[44,115659,12924],{"class":89},[44,115661,93],{"class":58},[44,115663,55717],{"class":62},[44,115665,99],{"class":58},[44,115667,115668],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,115669,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115671,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,115673,106],{"class":105},[44,115675,93],{"class":58},[44,115677,11505],{"class":89},[44,115679,3031],{"class":58},[44,115681,115429],{"class":3034},[44,115683,115684,115686,115688,115690,115692],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,115685,106],{"class":105},[44,115687,93],{"class":58},[44,115689,13702],{"class":89},[44,115691,3031],{"class":58},[44,115693,115547],{"class":3034},[20,115695,115696,115697,115699,115700,86],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115698,115555],{}," does not change ",[15,115701,55821],{},[30,115703,115705],{"id":115704},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115707,115708],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115710,115711],{},"Common reasons:",[165,115713,115714,115717,115720,115726],{},[168,115715,115716],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[168,115718,115719],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[168,115721,115722,115723,115725],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115724,55],{}," does not make a copy",[168,115727,115728],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115730,115731,115732,115734],{},"For example, this does ",[116,115733,736],{}," create a copy:",[35,115736,115738],{"className":37,"code":115737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115739,115740,115760,115768,115772,115786,115790,115802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115741,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754,115756,115758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115743,11458],{"class":50},[44,115745,55],{"class":54},[44,115747,2992],{"class":58},[44,115749,63],{"class":62},[44,115751,66],{"class":58},[44,115753,69],{"class":62},[44,115755,66],{"class":58},[44,115757,74],{"class":62},[44,115759,3005],{"class":58},[44,115761,115762,115764,115766],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115763,13683],{"class":50},[44,115765,55],{"class":54},[44,115767,11496],{"class":50},[44,115769,115770],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115771,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115773,115774,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,115775,13702],{"class":50},[44,115777,86],{"class":58},[44,115779,12924],{"class":89},[44,115781,93],{"class":58},[44,115783,96],{"class":62},[44,115785,99],{"class":58},[44,115787,115788],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115789,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115791,115792,115794,115796,115798,115800],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,115793,106],{"class":105},[44,115795,93],{"class":58},[44,115797,11505],{"class":89},[44,115799,3031],{"class":58},[44,115801,55072],{"class":3034},[44,115803,115804,115806,115808,115810,115812],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,115805,106],{"class":105},[44,115807,93],{"class":58},[44,115809,13702],{"class":89},[44,115811,3031],{"class":58},[44,115813,115814],{"class":3034},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115816,115817],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,115819,115821],{"id":115820},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115823,115824],{},"These three ideas are different.",[693,115826,115828],{"id":115827},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115830,115831],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,115833,115835],{"className":37,"code":115834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115836,115837,115863,115871,115875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115838,115839,115841,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115840,11458],{"class":50},[44,115842,55],{"class":54},[44,115844,55664],{"class":58},[44,115846,63],{"class":62},[44,115848,66],{"class":58},[44,115850,69],{"class":62},[44,115852,17428],{"class":58},[44,115854,2992],{"class":58},[44,115856,1433],{"class":62},[44,115858,66],{"class":58},[44,115860,143],{"class":62},[44,115862,52613],{"class":58},[44,115864,115865,115867,115869],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115866,13474],{"class":50},[44,115868,55],{"class":54},[44,115870,11496],{"class":50},[44,115872,115873],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115874,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115876,115877,115879,115881,115883,115885,115887,115889],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,115878,106],{"class":105},[44,115880,93],{"class":58},[44,115882,11458],{"class":89},[44,115884,11566],{"class":3246},[44,115886,13542],{"class":89},[44,115888,3031],{"class":58},[44,115890,3035],{"class":3034},[20,115892,115893],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[693,115895,115897],{"id":115896},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,115899,115900],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,115902,115904],{"className":37,"code":115903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,115905,115906,115932,115946,115950,115967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115907,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926,115928,115930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115909,11458],{"class":50},[44,115911,55],{"class":54},[44,115913,55664],{"class":58},[44,115915,63],{"class":62},[44,115917,66],{"class":58},[44,115919,69],{"class":62},[44,115921,17428],{"class":58},[44,115923,2992],{"class":58},[44,115925,1433],{"class":62},[44,115927,66],{"class":58},[44,115929,143],{"class":62},[44,115931,52613],{"class":58},[44,115933,115934,115936,115938,115940,115942,115944],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,115935,115183],{"class":50},[44,115937,55],{"class":54},[44,115939,11533],{"class":50},[44,115941,86],{"class":58},[44,115943,12284],{"class":89},[44,115945,913],{"class":58},[44,115947,115948],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115949,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,115951,115952,115954,115956,115958,115960,115963,115965],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,115953,106],{"class":105},[44,115955,93],{"class":58},[44,115957,11458],{"class":89},[44,115959,11566],{"class":3246},[44,115961,115962],{"class":89}," shallow",[44,115964,3031],{"class":58},[44,115966,20567],{"class":3034},[44,115968,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115970,106],{"class":105},[44,115972,93],{"class":58},[44,115974,11505],{"class":89},[44,115976,3270],{"class":58},[44,115978,1491],{"class":62},[44,115980,12644],{"class":58},[44,115982,7474],{"class":3246},[44,115984,115962],{"class":89},[44,115986,3270],{"class":58},[44,115988,1491],{"class":62},[44,115990,19812],{"class":58},[44,115992,3035],{"class":3034},[693,115994,115996],{"id":115995},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,115998,115999],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,116001,116003],{"className":37,"code":116002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116004,116005,116011,116015,116041,116059,116063,116081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116006,116007,116009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116008,34458],{"class":3246},[44,116010,115148],{"class":50},[44,116012,116013],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116014,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116016,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037,116039],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116018,11458],{"class":50},[44,116020,55],{"class":54},[44,116022,55664],{"class":58},[44,116024,63],{"class":62},[44,116026,66],{"class":58},[44,116028,69],{"class":62},[44,116030,17428],{"class":58},[44,116032,2992],{"class":58},[44,116034,1433],{"class":62},[44,116036,66],{"class":58},[44,116038,143],{"class":62},[44,116040,52613],{"class":58},[44,116042,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,116044,115203],{"class":50},[44,116046,55],{"class":54},[44,116048,115188],{"class":50},[44,116050,86],{"class":58},[44,116052,115212],{"class":89},[44,116054,93],{"class":58},[44,116056,11505],{"class":89},[44,116058,99],{"class":58},[44,116060,116061],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116062,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116064,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073,116076,116078],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,116066,106],{"class":105},[44,116068,93],{"class":58},[44,116070,11458],{"class":89},[44,116072,11566],{"class":3246},[44,116074,116075],{"class":89}," deep",[44,116077,3031],{"class":58},[44,116079,116080],{"class":3034},"         # False\n",[44,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,116084,106],{"class":105},[44,116086,93],{"class":58},[44,116088,11505],{"class":89},[44,116090,3270],{"class":58},[44,116092,1491],{"class":62},[44,116094,12644],{"class":58},[44,116096,7474],{"class":3246},[44,116098,116075],{"class":89},[44,116100,3270],{"class":58},[44,116102,1491],{"class":62},[44,116104,19812],{"class":58},[44,116106,43242],{"class":3034},[30,116108,116110],{"id":116109},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116112,116113,116114,1084],{},"These all make ",[116,116115,116116],{},"shallow copies",[165,116118,116119,116123,116127,116132,116138],{},[168,116120,116121],{},[15,116122,54972],{},[168,116124,116125],{},[15,116126,11807],{},[168,116128,116129],{},[15,116130,116131],{},"set.copy()",[168,116133,116134,116135],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116136,116137],{},"my_list[:]",[168,116139,116140,116142,116143,34448],{},[15,116141,115290],{}," from the ",[15,116144,12284],{},[20,116146,1497],{},[35,116148,116150],{"className":37,"code":116149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116151,116152,116172,116176,116190,116201,116205,116217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116153,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166,116168,116170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116155,51],{"class":50},[44,116157,55],{"class":54},[44,116159,2992],{"class":58},[44,116161,63],{"class":62},[44,116163,66],{"class":58},[44,116165,69],{"class":62},[44,116167,66],{"class":58},[44,116169,74],{"class":62},[44,116171,3005],{"class":58},[44,116173,116174],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116175,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116177,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116179,1925],{"class":50},[44,116181,55],{"class":54},[44,116183,3635],{"class":50},[44,116185,86],{"class":58},[44,116187,12284],{"class":89},[44,116189,913],{"class":58},[44,116191,116192,116194,116196,116198],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,116193,1953],{"class":50},[44,116195,55],{"class":54},[44,116197,3635],{"class":50},[44,116199,116200],{"class":58},"[:]\n",[44,116202,116203],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116204,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116206,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,116208,106],{"class":105},[44,116210,93],{"class":58},[44,116212,184],{"class":89},[44,116214,3031],{"class":58},[44,116216,54303],{"class":3034},[44,116218,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,116220,106],{"class":105},[44,116222,93],{"class":58},[44,116224,563],{"class":89},[44,116226,3031],{"class":58},[44,116228,54303],{"class":3034},[20,116230,72508,116231,46905,116235,86],{},[184,116232,116233,718],{"href":54331},[15,116234,54972],{},[184,116236,116237,718],{"href":11804},[15,116238,11807],{},[30,116240,116242],{"id":116241},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116244,116245],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[165,116247,116248,116251,116254],{},[168,116249,116250],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[168,116252,116253],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[168,116255,116256],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116258,116259],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,116261,116263],{"className":37,"code":116262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116264,116265,116285,116299,116303,116317,116321,116333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116266,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116268,11458],{"class":50},[44,116270,55],{"class":54},[44,116272,2992],{"class":58},[44,116274,63],{"class":62},[44,116276,66],{"class":58},[44,116278,69],{"class":62},[44,116280,66],{"class":58},[44,116282,74],{"class":62},[44,116284,3005],{"class":58},[44,116286,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116288,13683],{"class":50},[44,116290,55],{"class":54},[44,116292,11533],{"class":50},[44,116294,86],{"class":58},[44,116296,12284],{"class":89},[44,116298,913],{"class":58},[44,116300,116301],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116302,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116304,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,116306,13702],{"class":50},[44,116308,86],{"class":58},[44,116310,12924],{"class":89},[44,116312,93],{"class":58},[44,116314,96],{"class":62},[44,116316,99],{"class":58},[44,116318,116319],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116320,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116322,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,116324,106],{"class":105},[44,116326,93],{"class":58},[44,116328,11505],{"class":89},[44,116330,3031],{"class":58},[44,116332,54303],{"class":3034},[44,116334,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,116336,106],{"class":105},[44,116338,93],{"class":58},[44,116340,13702],{"class":89},[44,116342,3031],{"class":58},[44,116344,115814],{"class":3034},[20,116346,116347],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116349,116350,116351,86],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[184,116352,14259],{"href":56588},[30,116354,116356],{"id":116355},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116358,116359],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[165,116361,116362,116365,116368],{},[168,116363,116364],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[168,116366,116367],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[168,116369,116370],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116372,116373],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,116375,116377],{"className":37,"code":116376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116378,116379,116385,116389,116415,116429,116447,116451,116473,116477,116490,116503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116380,116381,116383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116382,34458],{"class":3246},[44,116384,115148],{"class":50},[44,116386,116387],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116388,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116390,116391,116393,116395,116397,116399,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411,116413],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116392,11458],{"class":50},[44,116394,55],{"class":54},[44,116396,59],{"class":58},[44,116398,279],{"class":278},[44,116400,15757],{"class":282},[44,116402,279],{"class":278},[44,116404,1084],{"class":58},[44,116406,2992],{"class":58},[44,116408,931],{"class":62},[44,116410,66],{"class":58},[44,116412,7168],{"class":62},[44,116414,13077],{"class":58},[44,116416,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,116418,115183],{"class":50},[44,116420,55],{"class":54},[44,116422,11533],{"class":50},[44,116424,86],{"class":58},[44,116426,12284],{"class":89},[44,116428,913],{"class":58},[44,116430,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116432,115203],{"class":50},[44,116434,55],{"class":54},[44,116436,115188],{"class":50},[44,116438,86],{"class":58},[44,116440,115212],{"class":89},[44,116442,93],{"class":58},[44,116444,11505],{"class":89},[44,116446,99],{"class":58},[44,116448,116449],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,116450,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116452,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469,116471],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,116454,11505],{"class":50},[44,116456,3270],{"class":58},[44,116458,279],{"class":278},[44,116460,15757],{"class":282},[44,116462,279],{"class":278},[44,116464,12921],{"class":58},[44,116466,12924],{"class":89},[44,116468,93],{"class":58},[44,116470,36209],{"class":62},[44,116472,99],{"class":58},[44,116474,116475],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,116476,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116478,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,116480,106],{"class":105},[44,116482,93],{"class":58},[44,116484,11505],{"class":89},[44,116486,3031],{"class":58},[44,116488,116489],{"class":3034},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116491,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500],{"class":46,"line":5812},[44,116493,106],{"class":105},[44,116495,93],{"class":58},[44,116497,115266],{"class":89},[44,116499,3031],{"class":58},[44,116501,116502],{"class":3034},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116504,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513],{"class":46,"line":10967},[44,116506,106],{"class":105},[44,116508,93],{"class":58},[44,116510,115280],{"class":89},[44,116512,3031],{"class":58},[44,116514,116515],{"class":3034},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116517,116518],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,116520,116522],{"id":116521},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116524,116525],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[165,116527,116528,116531,116534,116537],{},[168,116529,116530],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[168,116532,116533],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[168,116535,116536],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[168,116538,116539],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116541,116542],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,116544,116546],{"className":37,"code":116545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116547,116548,116556,116564,116568,116576,116580,116592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116549,116550,116552,116554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116551,1925],{"class":50},[44,116553,55],{"class":54},[44,116555,1958],{"class":62},[44,116557,116558,116560,116562],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116559,1953],{"class":50},[44,116561,55],{"class":54},[44,116563,35542],{"class":50},[44,116565,116566],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116567,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116569,116570,116572,116574],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,116571,1953],{"class":50},[44,116573,55],{"class":54},[44,116575,13986],{"class":62},[44,116577,116578],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116579,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116581,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,116583,106],{"class":105},[44,116585,93],{"class":58},[44,116587,184],{"class":89},[44,116589,3031],{"class":58},[44,116591,26162],{"class":3034},[44,116593,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,116595,106],{"class":105},[44,116597,93],{"class":58},[44,116599,563],{"class":89},[44,116601,3031],{"class":58},[44,116603,26983],{"class":3034},[20,116605,92878,116606,116609],{},[184,116607,116608],{"href":11437},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,116611,1113],{"id":1112},[20,116613,116614],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[165,116616,116617,116621,116626,116631,116634],{},[168,116618,1123,116619,56152],{},[15,116620,55],{},[168,116622,1123,116623,116625],{},[15,116624,54972],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[168,116627,1123,116628,116630],{},[15,116629,11807],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[168,116632,116633],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[168,116635,116636],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116638,116639],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,116641,116643],{"className":37,"code":116642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116644,116645,116659,116673,116695,116726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116646,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116648,106],{"class":105},[44,116650,93],{"class":58},[44,116652,11458],{"class":89},[44,116654,11566],{"class":3246},[44,116656,13756],{"class":89},[44,116658,99],{"class":58},[44,116660,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116662,106],{"class":105},[44,116664,93],{"class":58},[44,116666,11458],{"class":89},[44,116668,4061],{"class":54},[44,116670,13756],{"class":89},[44,116672,99],{"class":58},[44,116674,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116676,106],{"class":105},[44,116678,93],{"class":58},[44,116680,12022],{"class":105},[44,116682,93],{"class":58},[44,116684,11505],{"class":89},[44,116686,8612],{"class":58},[44,116688,14187],{"class":105},[44,116690,93],{"class":58},[44,116692,13702],{"class":89},[44,116694,973],{"class":58},[44,116696,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,116698,106],{"class":105},[44,116700,93],{"class":58},[44,116702,12022],{"class":105},[44,116704,93],{"class":58},[44,116706,11505],{"class":89},[44,116708,3270],{"class":58},[44,116710,1491],{"class":62},[44,116712,116713],{"class":58},"]),",[44,116715,14187],{"class":105},[44,116717,93],{"class":58},[44,116719,13702],{"class":89},[44,116721,3270],{"class":58},[44,116723,1491],{"class":62},[44,116725,2368],{"class":58},[44,116727,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116729,106],{"class":105},[44,116731,93],{"class":58},[44,116733,1090],{"class":909},[44,116735,93],{"class":58},[44,116737,11505],{"class":89},[44,116739,973],{"class":58},[20,116741,116742],{},"What they tell you:",[165,116744,116745,116750,116755,116760,116770],{},[168,116746,116747,116749],{},[15,116748,11566],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[168,116751,116752,116754],{},[15,116753,4061],{}," checks whether values are equal",[168,116756,116757,116759],{},[15,116758,42858],{}," shows the identity of an object",[168,116761,116762,116763,3766,116766,116769],{},"comparing ",[15,116764,116765],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116767,116768],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[168,116771,116772,116774],{},[15,116773,1675],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,116776,1235],{"id":1234},[693,116778,116780],{"id":116779},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116782,116783],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[693,116785,56638],{"id":56553},[20,116787,116788],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[693,116790,116792],{"id":116791},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116794,116795],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[693,116797,116799],{"id":116798},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116801,116802],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[693,116804,116806],{"id":116805},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116808,116809],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,116811,1279],{"id":1278},[165,116813,116814,116819,116825,116831,116835],{},[168,116815,116816],{},[184,116817,116818],{"href":11437},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[168,116820,116821],{},[184,116822,2945,116823,718],{"href":54331},[15,116824,54972],{},[168,116826,116827],{},[184,116828,2945,116829,718],{"href":11804},[15,116830,11807],{},[168,116832,116833],{},[184,116834,14335],{"href":56588},[168,116836,116837],{},[184,116838,116839],{"href":57863},"What is a list in Python?",[1304,116841,116842],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":116844},[116845,116846,116847,116848,116849,116850,116855,116856,116857,116858,116859,116860,116867],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":115300,"depth":80,"text":115301},{"id":115321,"depth":80,"text":115322},{"id":115564,"depth":80,"text":115565},{"id":115704,"depth":80,"text":115705},{"id":115820,"depth":80,"text":115821,"children":116851},[116852,116853,116854],{"id":115827,"depth":102,"text":115828},{"id":115896,"depth":102,"text":115897},{"id":115995,"depth":102,"text":115996},{"id":116109,"depth":80,"text":116110},{"id":116241,"depth":80,"text":116242},{"id":116355,"depth":80,"text":116356},{"id":116521,"depth":80,"text":116522},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":116861},[116862,116863,116864,116865,116866],{"id":116779,"depth":102,"text":116780},{"id":56553,"depth":102,"text":56638},{"id":116791,"depth":102,"text":116792},{"id":116798,"depth":102,"text":116799},{"id":116805,"depth":102,"text":116806},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115101,"description":116868},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":116874,"title":116875,"body":116876,"description":118733,"extension":1334,"meta":118734,"navigation":322,"path":118735,"seo":118736,"stem":118737,"__hash__":118738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":116877,"toc":118691},[116878,116883,116888,116896,116898,116966,116971,116976,116991,116994,116996,117027,117029,117049,117052,117067,117069,117072,117145,117147,117192,117194,117205,117210,117214,117219,117222,117261,117263,117283,117286,117343,117345,117380,117383,117422,117424,117444,117447,117478,117480,117536,117538,117543,117614,117616,117649,117654,117659,117724,117726,117763,117766,117843,117845,117905,117912,117917,117920,117923,118004,118006,118047,118052,118055,118133,118135,118168,118177,118184,118187,118198,118201,118212,118216,118224,118233,118237,118242,118246,118251,118294,118297,118303,118306,118308,118355,118360,118364,118367,118416,118418,118439,118442,118444,118469,118472,118593,118598,118600,118605,118608,118613,118616,118624,118629,118636,118639,118647,118650,118652,118688],[10,116879,2945,116881,2949],{"id":116880},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,116882,73792],{},[20,116884,116885,116887],{},[15,116886,73792],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,116889,116890,116891,1561,116893,116895],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,116892,77235],{},[15,116894,73792],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,116897,2978],{"id":2977},[35,116899,116901],{"className":37,"code":116900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,116902,116903,116923,116937,116941,116953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116904,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116906,51],{"class":50},[44,116908,55],{"class":54},[44,116910,2992],{"class":58},[44,116912,1433],{"class":62},[44,116914,66],{"class":58},[44,116916,4874],{"class":62},[44,116918,66],{"class":58},[44,116920,69],{"class":62},[44,116922,3005],{"class":58},[44,116924,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,116926,1602],{"class":50},[44,116928,55],{"class":54},[44,116930,73926],{"class":105},[44,116932,93],{"class":58},[44,116934,83],{"class":89},[44,116936,99],{"class":58},[44,116938,116939],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116940,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,116942,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,116944,106],{"class":105},[44,116946,93],{"class":58},[44,116948,1637],{"class":89},[44,116950,3031],{"class":58},[44,116952,55059],{"class":3034},[44,116954,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116956,106],{"class":105},[44,116958,93],{"class":58},[44,116960,83],{"class":89},[44,116962,3031],{"class":58},[44,116964,116965],{"class":3034},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,116967,116968,116970],{},[15,116969,73792],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,116972,155,116974,158],{"id":116973},"what-sorted-does",[15,116975,73792],{},[165,116977,116978,116982,116985,116988],{},[168,116979,116980,62294],{},[15,116981,73792],{},[168,116983,116984],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[168,116986,116987],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[168,116989,116990],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,116992,116993],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,116995,196],{"id":195},[35,116997,116999],{"className":37,"code":116998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117000,117001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117002,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117004,73882],{"class":105},[44,117006,93],{"class":58},[44,117008,3091],{"class":89},[44,117010,66],{"class":58},[44,117012,20946],{"class":8554},[44,117014,55],{"class":54},[44,117016,730],{"class":871},[44,117018,66],{"class":58},[44,117020,77438],{"class":8554},[44,117022,55],{"class":54},[44,117024,3045],{"class":871},[44,117026,99],{"class":58},[693,117028,16764],{"id":16763},[165,117030,117031,117036,117041],{},[168,117032,117033,117035],{},[15,117034,3091],{},": the values to sort",[168,117037,117038,117040],{},[15,117039,14212],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[168,117042,117043,117045,117046,117048],{},[15,117044,72945],{},": set to ",[15,117047,987],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117050,117051],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,117053,117055],{"className":37,"code":117054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117056,117057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117058,117059,117061,117063,117065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117060,73882],{"class":105},[44,117062,93],{"class":58},[44,117064,59677],{"class":89},[44,117066,99],{"class":58},[30,117068,258],{"id":257},[20,117070,117071],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,117073,117075],{"className":37,"code":117074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117076,117077,117101,117105,117120,117124,117135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117078,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117080,51],{"class":50},[44,117082,55],{"class":54},[44,117084,2992],{"class":58},[44,117086,1508],{"class":62},[44,117088,66],{"class":58},[44,117090,69],{"class":62},[44,117092,66],{"class":58},[44,117094,5736],{"class":62},[44,117096,66],{"class":58},[44,117098,4874],{"class":62},[44,117100,3005],{"class":58},[44,117102,117103],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117104,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,117106,117107,117110,117112,117114,117116,117118],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117108,117109],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,117111,55],{"class":54},[44,117113,73926],{"class":105},[44,117115,93],{"class":58},[44,117117,83],{"class":89},[44,117119,99],{"class":58},[44,117121,117122],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,117123,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,117125,117126,117128,117130,117133],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,117127,106],{"class":105},[44,117129,93],{"class":58},[44,117131,117132],{"class":89},"sorted_numbers",[44,117134,99],{"class":58},[44,117136,117137,117139,117141,117143],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,117138,106],{"class":105},[44,117140,93],{"class":58},[44,117142,83],{"class":89},[44,117144,99],{"class":58},[20,117146,118],{},[35,117148,117150],{"className":37,"code":117149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117151,117152,117172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117153,117154,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117155,3270],{"class":58},[44,117157,63],{"class":62},[44,117159,66],{"class":58},[44,117161,69],{"class":62},[44,117163,66],{"class":58},[44,117165,1064],{"class":62},[44,117167,66],{"class":58},[44,117169,5736],{"class":62},[44,117171,3005],{"class":58},[44,117173,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188,117190],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117175,3270],{"class":58},[44,117177,1508],{"class":62},[44,117179,66],{"class":58},[44,117181,69],{"class":62},[44,117183,66],{"class":58},[44,117185,5736],{"class":62},[44,117187,66],{"class":58},[44,117189,4874],{"class":62},[44,117191,3005],{"class":58},[20,117193,13134],{},[165,117195,117196,117201],{},[168,117197,117198,117200],{},[15,117199,117132],{}," is a new sorted list",[168,117202,117203,111737],{},[15,117204,83],{},[20,117206,117207,117208,86],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[184,117209,77745],{"href":77744},[30,117211,117213],{"id":117212},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117215,117216,117218],{},[15,117217,73792],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[693,117220,117221],{"id":1097},"List",[35,117223,117225],{"className":37,"code":117224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117226,117227,117247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117228,117229,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117230,51],{"class":50},[44,117232,55],{"class":54},[44,117234,2992],{"class":58},[44,117236,1433],{"class":62},[44,117238,66],{"class":58},[44,117240,4874],{"class":62},[44,117242,66],{"class":58},[44,117244,69],{"class":62},[44,117246,3005],{"class":58},[44,117248,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117250,106],{"class":105},[44,117252,93],{"class":58},[44,117254,73882],{"class":105},[44,117256,93],{"class":58},[44,117258,83],{"class":89},[44,117260,973],{"class":58},[20,117262,118],{},[35,117264,117265],{"className":37,"code":54521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117266,117267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117268,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279,117281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117270,3270],{"class":58},[44,117272,63],{"class":62},[44,117274,66],{"class":58},[44,117276,69],{"class":62},[44,117278,66],{"class":58},[44,117280,74],{"class":62},[44,117282,3005],{"class":58},[693,117284,117285],{"id":48325},"Tuple",[35,117287,117289],{"className":37,"code":117288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117290,117291,117311,117325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117292,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117294,3193],{"class":50},[44,117296,55],{"class":54},[44,117298,8615],{"class":58},[44,117300,1433],{"class":62},[44,117302,66],{"class":58},[44,117304,4874],{"class":62},[44,117306,66],{"class":58},[44,117308,69],{"class":62},[44,117310,99],{"class":58},[44,117312,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321,117323],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117314,106],{"class":105},[44,117316,93],{"class":58},[44,117318,73882],{"class":105},[44,117320,93],{"class":58},[44,117322,4734],{"class":89},[44,117324,973],{"class":58},[44,117326,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339,117341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117328,106],{"class":105},[44,117330,93],{"class":58},[44,117332,1090],{"class":909},[44,117334,93],{"class":58},[44,117336,73882],{"class":105},[44,117338,93],{"class":58},[44,117340,4734],{"class":89},[44,117342,2282],{"class":58},[20,117344,118],{},[35,117346,117348],{"className":37,"code":117347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117349,117350,117366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117351,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362,117364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117353,3270],{"class":58},[44,117355,63],{"class":62},[44,117357,66],{"class":58},[44,117359,69],{"class":62},[44,117361,66],{"class":58},[44,117363,74],{"class":62},[44,117365,3005],{"class":58},[44,117367,117368,117370,117372,117374,117376,117378],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117369,2659],{"class":54},[44,117371,2662],{"class":1436},[44,117373,360],{"class":278},[44,117375,1097],{"class":282},[44,117377,351],{"class":278},[44,117379,2671],{"class":54},[693,117381,117382],{"id":1214},"Set",[35,117384,117386],{"className":37,"code":117385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117387,117388,117408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117389,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404,117406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117391,3193],{"class":50},[44,117393,55],{"class":54},[44,117395,59],{"class":58},[44,117397,1433],{"class":62},[44,117399,66],{"class":58},[44,117401,4874],{"class":62},[44,117403,66],{"class":58},[44,117405,69],{"class":62},[44,117407,77],{"class":58},[44,117409,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418,117420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117411,106],{"class":105},[44,117413,93],{"class":58},[44,117415,73882],{"class":105},[44,117417,93],{"class":58},[44,117419,4734],{"class":89},[44,117421,973],{"class":58},[20,117423,118],{},[35,117425,117426],{"className":37,"code":54521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117427,117428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117429,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117431,3270],{"class":58},[44,117433,63],{"class":62},[44,117435,66],{"class":58},[44,117437,69],{"class":62},[44,117439,66],{"class":58},[44,117441,74],{"class":62},[44,117443,3005],{"class":58},[693,117445,117446],{"id":60543},"String",[35,117448,117450],{"className":37,"code":117449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117451,117452,117464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117453,117454,117456,117458,117460,117462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117455,34054],{"class":50},[44,117457,55],{"class":54},[44,117459,290],{"class":278},[44,117461,39],{"class":282},[44,117463,2727],{"class":278},[44,117465,117466,117468,117470,117472,117474,117476],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117467,106],{"class":105},[44,117469,93],{"class":58},[44,117471,73882],{"class":105},[44,117473,93],{"class":58},[44,117475,34075],{"class":89},[44,117477,973],{"class":58},[20,117479,118],{},[35,117481,117482],{"className":37,"code":78762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117483,117484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117485,117486,117488,117490,117492,117494,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117487,3270],{"class":58},[44,117489,351],{"class":278},[44,117491,59808],{"class":282},[44,117493,351],{"class":278},[44,117495,66],{"class":58},[44,117497,360],{"class":278},[44,117499,75398],{"class":282},[44,117501,351],{"class":278},[44,117503,66],{"class":58},[44,117505,360],{"class":278},[44,117507,59842],{"class":282},[44,117509,351],{"class":278},[44,117511,66],{"class":58},[44,117513,360],{"class":278},[44,117515,20],{"class":282},[44,117517,351],{"class":278},[44,117519,66],{"class":58},[44,117521,360],{"class":278},[44,117523,62655],{"class":282},[44,117525,351],{"class":278},[44,117527,66],{"class":58},[44,117529,360],{"class":278},[44,117531,11118],{"class":282},[44,117533,351],{"class":278},[44,117535,3005],{"class":58},[693,117537,28591],{"id":14975},[20,117539,62908,117540,117542],{},[15,117541,73792],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,117544,117546],{"className":37,"code":117545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117547,117548,117600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117549,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576,117578,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117551,12575],{"class":50},[44,117553,55],{"class":54},[44,117555,59],{"class":58},[44,117557,279],{"class":278},[44,117559,7046],{"class":282},[44,117561,279],{"class":278},[44,117563,1084],{"class":58},[44,117565,290],{"class":278},[44,117567,12253],{"class":282},[44,117569,279],{"class":278},[44,117571,66],{"class":58},[44,117573,290],{"class":278},[44,117575,8677],{"class":282},[44,117577,279],{"class":278},[44,117579,1084],{"class":58},[44,117581,7168],{"class":62},[44,117583,66],{"class":58},[44,117585,290],{"class":278},[44,117587,9786],{"class":282},[44,117589,279],{"class":278},[44,117591,1084],{"class":58},[44,117593,290],{"class":278},[44,117595,15399],{"class":282},[44,117597,279],{"class":278},[44,117599,77],{"class":58},[44,117601,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117603,106],{"class":105},[44,117605,93],{"class":58},[44,117607,73882],{"class":105},[44,117609,93],{"class":58},[44,117611,16676],{"class":89},[44,117613,973],{"class":58},[20,117615,118],{},[35,117617,117619],{"className":37,"code":117618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117620,117621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117622,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117624,3270],{"class":58},[44,117626,351],{"class":278},[44,117628,8677],{"class":282},[44,117630,351],{"class":278},[44,117632,66],{"class":58},[44,117634,360],{"class":278},[44,117636,9786],{"class":282},[44,117638,351],{"class":278},[44,117640,66],{"class":58},[44,117642,360],{"class":278},[44,117644,7046],{"class":282},[44,117646,351],{"class":278},[44,117648,3005],{"class":58},[30,117650,1123,117652],{"id":117651},"using-reversetrue",[15,117653,77459],{},[20,117655,148,117656,117658],{},[15,117657,77459],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,117660,117662],{"className":37,"code":117661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117663,117664,117684,117688,117702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117665,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117667,51],{"class":50},[44,117669,55],{"class":54},[44,117671,2992],{"class":58},[44,117673,1433],{"class":62},[44,117675,66],{"class":58},[44,117677,4874],{"class":62},[44,117679,66],{"class":58},[44,117681,69],{"class":62},[44,117683,3005],{"class":58},[44,117685,117686],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117687,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,117689,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117691,106],{"class":105},[44,117693,93],{"class":58},[44,117695,73882],{"class":105},[44,117697,93],{"class":58},[44,117699,83],{"class":89},[44,117701,973],{"class":58},[44,117703,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716,117718,117720,117722],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,117705,106],{"class":105},[44,117707,93],{"class":58},[44,117709,73882],{"class":105},[44,117711,93],{"class":58},[44,117713,83],{"class":89},[44,117715,66],{"class":58},[44,117717,77438],{"class":8554},[44,117719,55],{"class":54},[44,117721,987],{"class":871},[44,117723,973],{"class":58},[20,117725,118],{},[35,117727,117729],{"className":37,"code":117728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117730,117731,117747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117732,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117734,3270],{"class":58},[44,117736,63],{"class":62},[44,117738,66],{"class":58},[44,117740,69],{"class":62},[44,117742,66],{"class":58},[44,117744,74],{"class":62},[44,117746,3005],{"class":58},[44,117748,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117750,3270],{"class":58},[44,117752,1433],{"class":62},[44,117754,66],{"class":58},[44,117756,69],{"class":62},[44,117758,66],{"class":58},[44,117760,4874],{"class":62},[44,117762,3005],{"class":58},[20,117764,117765],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,117767,117769],{"className":37,"code":117768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117770,117771,117803,117807,117821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117772,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799,117801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117774,3441],{"class":50},[44,117776,55],{"class":54},[44,117778,2992],{"class":58},[44,117780,279],{"class":278},[44,117782,3450],{"class":282},[44,117784,279],{"class":278},[44,117786,66],{"class":58},[44,117788,290],{"class":278},[44,117790,3459],{"class":282},[44,117792,279],{"class":278},[44,117794,66],{"class":58},[44,117796,290],{"class":278},[44,117798,3468],{"class":282},[44,117800,279],{"class":278},[44,117802,3005],{"class":58},[44,117804,117805],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117806,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,117808,117809,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117810,106],{"class":105},[44,117812,93],{"class":58},[44,117814,73882],{"class":105},[44,117816,93],{"class":58},[44,117818,3485],{"class":89},[44,117820,973],{"class":58},[44,117822,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,117824,106],{"class":105},[44,117826,93],{"class":58},[44,117828,73882],{"class":105},[44,117830,93],{"class":58},[44,117832,3485],{"class":89},[44,117834,66],{"class":58},[44,117836,77438],{"class":8554},[44,117838,55],{"class":54},[44,117840,987],{"class":871},[44,117842,973],{"class":58},[20,117844,118],{},[35,117846,117847],{"className":37,"code":73526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117848,117849,117877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117850,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117852,3270],{"class":58},[44,117854,351],{"class":278},[44,117856,3450],{"class":282},[44,117858,351],{"class":278},[44,117860,66],{"class":58},[44,117862,360],{"class":278},[44,117864,3459],{"class":282},[44,117866,351],{"class":278},[44,117868,66],{"class":58},[44,117870,360],{"class":278},[44,117872,3468],{"class":282},[44,117874,351],{"class":278},[44,117876,3005],{"class":58},[44,117878,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117880,3270],{"class":58},[44,117882,351],{"class":278},[44,117884,3468],{"class":282},[44,117886,351],{"class":278},[44,117888,66],{"class":58},[44,117890,360],{"class":278},[44,117892,3459],{"class":282},[44,117894,351],{"class":278},[44,117896,66],{"class":58},[44,117898,360],{"class":278},[44,117900,3450],{"class":282},[44,117902,351],{"class":278},[44,117904,3005],{"class":58},[30,117906,1123,117908,117911],{"id":117907},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,117909,117910],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,117913,1351,117914,117916],{},[15,117915,117910],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,117918,117919],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,117921,117922],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,117924,117926],{"className":37,"code":117925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,117927,117928,117968,117972,117994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117929,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117931,3441],{"class":50},[44,117933,55],{"class":54},[44,117935,2992],{"class":58},[44,117937,279],{"class":278},[44,117939,78112],{"class":282},[44,117941,279],{"class":278},[44,117943,66],{"class":58},[44,117945,290],{"class":278},[44,117947,37726],{"class":282},[44,117949,279],{"class":278},[44,117951,66],{"class":58},[44,117953,290],{"class":278},[44,117955,3459],{"class":282},[44,117957,279],{"class":278},[44,117959,66],{"class":58},[44,117961,290],{"class":278},[44,117963,37709],{"class":282},[44,117965,279],{"class":278},[44,117967,3005],{"class":58},[44,117969,117970],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,117971,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,117973,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117975,1602],{"class":50},[44,117977,55],{"class":54},[44,117979,73926],{"class":105},[44,117981,93],{"class":58},[44,117983,3485],{"class":89},[44,117985,66],{"class":58},[44,117987,20946],{"class":8554},[44,117989,55],{"class":54},[44,117991,10537],{"class":105},[44,117993,99],{"class":58},[44,117995,117996,117998,118000,118002],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,117997,106],{"class":105},[44,117999,93],{"class":58},[44,118001,1637],{"class":89},[44,118003,99],{"class":58},[20,118005,118],{},[35,118007,118009],{"className":37,"code":118008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118010,118011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118012,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118014,3270],{"class":58},[44,118016,351],{"class":278},[44,118018,37726],{"class":282},[44,118020,351],{"class":278},[44,118022,66],{"class":58},[44,118024,360],{"class":278},[44,118026,78112],{"class":282},[44,118028,351],{"class":278},[44,118030,66],{"class":58},[44,118032,360],{"class":278},[44,118034,37709],{"class":282},[44,118036,351],{"class":278},[44,118038,66],{"class":58},[44,118040,360],{"class":278},[44,118042,3459],{"class":282},[44,118044,351],{"class":278},[44,118046,3005],{"class":58},[20,118048,20137,118049,118051],{},[15,118050,10537],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118053,118054],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,118056,118058],{"className":37,"code":118057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118059,118060,118093,118097,118123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118061,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118089,118091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118063,3441],{"class":50},[44,118065,55],{"class":54},[44,118067,2992],{"class":58},[44,118069,279],{"class":278},[44,118071,82730],{"class":282},[44,118073,279],{"class":278},[44,118075,66],{"class":58},[44,118077,290],{"class":278},[44,118079,3450],{"class":282},[44,118081,279],{"class":278},[44,118083,66],{"class":58},[44,118085,290],{"class":278},[44,118087,118088],{"class":282},"Cherry",[44,118090,279],{"class":278},[44,118092,3005],{"class":58},[44,118094,118095],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118096,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,118098,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118100,1602],{"class":50},[44,118102,55],{"class":54},[44,118104,73926],{"class":105},[44,118106,93],{"class":58},[44,118108,3485],{"class":89},[44,118110,66],{"class":58},[44,118112,20946],{"class":8554},[44,118114,55],{"class":54},[44,118116,2812],{"class":909},[44,118118,86],{"class":58},[44,118120,8018],{"class":1219},[44,118122,99],{"class":58},[44,118124,118125,118127,118129,118131],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,118126,106],{"class":105},[44,118128,93],{"class":58},[44,118130,1637],{"class":89},[44,118132,99],{"class":58},[20,118134,118],{},[35,118136,118138],{"className":37,"code":118137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118139,118140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118141,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118143,3270],{"class":58},[44,118145,351],{"class":278},[44,118147,3450],{"class":282},[44,118149,351],{"class":278},[44,118151,66],{"class":58},[44,118153,360],{"class":278},[44,118155,82730],{"class":282},[44,118157,351],{"class":278},[44,118159,66],{"class":58},[44,118161,360],{"class":278},[44,118163,118088],{"class":282},[44,118165,351],{"class":278},[44,118167,3005],{"class":58},[20,118169,118170,118171,34697,118173,86],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118172,41730],{},[184,118174,2945,118175,2878],{"href":41727},[15,118176,41730],{},[30,118178,118180,525,118182],{"id":118179},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118181,73792],{},[15,118183,77235],{},[20,118185,118186],{},"The main difference is this:",[165,118188,118189,118194],{},[168,118190,118191,118193],{},[15,118192,73792],{}," returns a new list",[168,118195,118196,73330],{},[15,118197,77235],{},[20,118199,118200],{},"Also:",[165,118202,118203,118208],{},[168,118204,118205,118207],{},[15,118206,73792],{}," works with many iterables",[168,118209,118210,78668],{},[15,118211,77235],{},[20,118213,148,118214,9977],{},[15,118215,73792],{},[165,118217,118218,118221],{},[168,118219,118220],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[168,118222,118223],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118225,118226,118227,86],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[184,118228,2945,118229,525,118231,5159],{"href":78493},[15,118230,73792],{},[15,118232,77235],{},[30,118234,118236],{"id":118235},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118238,118239,118240,86],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118241,73792],{},[693,118243,118245],{"id":118244},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118247,118248,118249,1084],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118250,1081],{},[35,118252,118254],{"className":37,"code":118253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118255,118256,118280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118257,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118259,3193],{"class":50},[44,118261,55],{"class":54},[44,118263,2992],{"class":58},[44,118265,63],{"class":62},[44,118267,66],{"class":58},[44,118269,290],{"class":278},[44,118271,472],{"class":282},[44,118273,279],{"class":278},[44,118275,66],{"class":58},[44,118277,74],{"class":62},[44,118279,3005],{"class":58},[44,118281,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118283,106],{"class":105},[44,118285,93],{"class":58},[44,118287,73882],{"class":105},[44,118289,93],{"class":58},[44,118291,4734],{"class":89},[44,118293,973],{"class":58},[20,118295,118296],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[693,118298,118300,118301,1676],{"id":118299},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118302,14212],{},[20,118304,118305],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118307,894],{},[35,118309,118311],{"className":37,"code":118310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118312,118313,118333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118314,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118316,51],{"class":50},[44,118318,55],{"class":54},[44,118320,2992],{"class":58},[44,118322,931],{"class":62},[44,118324,66],{"class":58},[44,118326,69],{"class":62},[44,118328,66],{"class":58},[44,118330,7173],{"class":62},[44,118332,3005],{"class":58},[44,118334,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118336,106],{"class":105},[44,118338,93],{"class":58},[44,118340,73882],{"class":105},[44,118342,93],{"class":58},[44,118344,83],{"class":89},[44,118346,66],{"class":58},[44,118348,20946],{"class":8554},[44,118350,55],{"class":54},[44,118352,10537],{"class":105},[44,118354,973],{"class":58},[20,118356,47882,118357,118359],{},[15,118358,41730],{}," does not work on integers.",[693,118361,118363],{"id":118362},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118365,118366],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,118368,118370],{"className":37,"code":118369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118371,118372,118392,118402,118406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118373,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118375,51],{"class":50},[44,118377,55],{"class":54},[44,118379,2992],{"class":58},[44,118381,1433],{"class":62},[44,118383,66],{"class":58},[44,118385,4874],{"class":62},[44,118387,66],{"class":58},[44,118389,69],{"class":62},[44,118391,3005],{"class":58},[44,118393,118394,118396,118398,118400],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118395,73882],{"class":105},[44,118397,93],{"class":58},[44,118399,83],{"class":89},[44,118401,99],{"class":58},[44,118403,118404],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118405,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,118407,118408,118410,118412,118414],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,118409,106],{"class":105},[44,118411,93],{"class":58},[44,118413,83],{"class":89},[44,118415,99],{"class":58},[20,118417,118],{},[35,118419,118421],{"className":37,"code":118420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118422,118423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118424,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118426,3270],{"class":58},[44,118428,1433],{"class":62},[44,118430,66],{"class":58},[44,118432,4874],{"class":62},[44,118434,66],{"class":58},[44,118436,69],{"class":62},[44,118438,3005],{"class":58},[20,118440,118441],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,118443,1113],{"id":1112},[165,118445,118446,118450,118453,118458,118462],{},[168,118447,3953,118448,73330],{},[15,118449,73792],{},[168,118451,118452],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[168,118454,4077,118455,118457],{},[15,118456,73792],{}," always returns a list",[168,118459,1123,118460,22471],{},[15,118461,117910],{},[168,118463,29018,118464,118466,118467],{},[15,118465,63680],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118468,73792],{},[20,118470,118471],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,118473,118475],{"className":37,"code":118474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118476,118477,118499,118525,118563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118478,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118480,106],{"class":105},[44,118482,93],{"class":58},[44,118484,73882],{"class":105},[44,118486,650],{"class":58},[44,118488,1433],{"class":62},[44,118490,66],{"class":58},[44,118492,4874],{"class":62},[44,118494,66],{"class":58},[44,118496,69],{"class":62},[44,118498,2368],{"class":58},[44,118500,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118502,106],{"class":105},[44,118504,93],{"class":58},[44,118506,1090],{"class":909},[44,118508,93],{"class":58},[44,118510,73882],{"class":105},[44,118512,964],{"class":58},[44,118514,1433],{"class":62},[44,118516,66],{"class":58},[44,118518,4874],{"class":62},[44,118520,66],{"class":58},[44,118522,69],{"class":62},[44,118524,92734],{"class":58},[44,118526,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118528,106],{"class":105},[44,118530,93],{"class":58},[44,118532,73882],{"class":105},[44,118534,650],{"class":58},[44,118536,351],{"class":278},[44,118538,82730],{"class":282},[44,118540,351],{"class":278},[44,118542,66],{"class":58},[44,118544,360],{"class":278},[44,118546,3450],{"class":282},[44,118548,351],{"class":278},[44,118550,17428],{"class":58},[44,118552,20946],{"class":8554},[44,118554,55],{"class":54},[44,118556,2812],{"class":909},[44,118558,86],{"class":58},[44,118560,8018],{"class":1219},[44,118562,973],{"class":58},[44,118564,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,118566,106],{"class":105},[44,118568,93],{"class":58},[44,118570,73882],{"class":105},[44,118572,650],{"class":58},[44,118574,1433],{"class":62},[44,118576,66],{"class":58},[44,118578,4874],{"class":62},[44,118580,66],{"class":58},[44,118582,69],{"class":62},[44,118584,17428],{"class":58},[44,118586,77438],{"class":8554},[44,118588,55],{"class":54},[44,118590,987],{"class":871},[44,118592,973],{"class":58},[20,118594,118595,118596,86],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[184,118597,52143],{"href":50352},[30,118599,1235],{"id":1234},[693,118601,1239,118603,56532],{"id":118602},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118604,73792],{},[20,118606,118607],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[693,118609,4516,118611,12088],{"id":118610},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118612,73792],{},[20,118614,118615],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[693,118617,118619,118620,1264,118622,1863],{"id":118618},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118621,73792],{},[15,118623,77235],{},[20,118625,148,118626,118628],{},[15,118627,73792],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[693,118630,4516,118632,85818,118634,1863],{"id":118631},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118633,117910],{},[15,118635,73792],{},[20,118637,118638],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[693,118640,4532,118642,118644,118645,1863],{"id":118641},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118643,73792],{}," give a ",[15,118646,1081],{},[20,118648,118649],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,118651,1279],{"id":1278},[165,118653,118654,118658,118666,118670,118676,118682],{},[168,118655,118656],{},[184,118657,79241],{"href":77744},[168,118659,118660],{},[184,118661,2945,118662,525,118664,5159],{"href":78493},[15,118663,73792],{},[15,118665,77235],{},[168,118667,118668],{},[184,118669,52143],{"href":50352},[168,118671,118672],{},[184,118673,2945,118674,2878],{"href":41727},[15,118675,41730],{},[168,118677,118678],{},[184,118679,2945,118680,2878],{"href":91390},[15,118681,35117],{},[168,118683,118684],{},[184,118685,2945,118686,2878],{"href":35562},[15,118687,35565],{},[1304,118689,118690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":118692},[118693,118694,118696,118699,118700,118707,118709,118711,118713,118719,118720,118732],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":116973,"depth":80,"text":118695},"What sorted() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":118697},[118698],{"id":16763,"depth":102,"text":16764},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":117212,"depth":80,"text":117213,"children":118701},[118702,118703,118704,118705,118706],{"id":1097,"depth":102,"text":117221},{"id":48325,"depth":102,"text":117285},{"id":1214,"depth":102,"text":117382},{"id":60543,"depth":102,"text":117446},{"id":14975,"depth":102,"text":28591},{"id":117651,"depth":80,"text":118708},"Using reverse=True",{"id":117907,"depth":80,"text":118710},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118179,"depth":80,"text":118712},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118235,"depth":80,"text":118236,"children":118714},[118715,118716,118718],{"id":118244,"depth":102,"text":118245},{"id":118299,"depth":102,"text":118717},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118362,"depth":102,"text":118363},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":118721},[118722,118724,118726,118728,118730],{"id":118602,"depth":102,"text":118723},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118610,"depth":102,"text":118725},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118618,"depth":102,"text":118727},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118631,"depth":102,"text":118729},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118641,"depth":102,"text":118731},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":116875,"description":118733},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118740,"title":118741,"body":118742,"description":120853,"extension":1334,"meta":120854,"navigation":322,"path":78493,"seo":120855,"stem":120856,"__hash__":120857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118743,"toc":120800},[118744,118751,118754,118764,118770,118773,118791,118799,118801,118860,118868,118872,118894,118898,118902,118904,118921,118923,118935,118941,119025,119029,119076,119082,119089,119093,119098,119100,119112,119117,119170,119174,119194,119201,119208,119212,119215,119234,119238,119352,119356,119426,119428,119440,119445,119449,119462,119466,119541,119545,119584,119591,119597,119602,119606,119620,119624,119689,119693,119726,119729,119734,119742,119749,119762,119765,119769,119852,119856,119893,119897,120000,120004,120065,120070,120077,120081,120084,120090,120093,120160,120164,120188,120190,120208,120215,120268,120272,120292,120298,120300,120357,120364,120390,120395,120400,120408,120414,120474,120478,120525,120528,120530,120533,120559,120562,120655,120657,120677,120681,120684,120702,120708,120710,120718,120723,120730,120733,120739,120742,120748,120756,120764,120769,120771,120797],[10,118745,2945,118747,525,118749,92448],{"id":118746},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118748,73792],{},[15,118750,77235],{},[20,118752,118753],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[165,118755,118756,118760],{},[168,118757,118758],{},[15,118759,73792],{},[168,118761,118762],{},[15,118763,77235],{},[20,118765,118766,118767,118769],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[116,118768,736],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118771,118772],{},"The main difference is simple:",[165,118774,118775,118783],{},[168,118776,148,118777,118779,118780],{},[15,118778,73792],{}," when you want a ",[116,118781,118782],{},"new sorted result",[168,118784,148,118785,118787,118788],{},[15,118786,77235],{}," when you want to ",[116,118789,118790],{},"change the original list",[20,118792,118793,118794,727,118796,118798],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118795,77235],{},[15,118797,730],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,118800,2978],{"id":2977},[35,118802,118804],{"className":37,"code":118803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118805,118806,118826,118830,118847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118807,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118809,51],{"class":50},[44,118811,55],{"class":54},[44,118813,2992],{"class":58},[44,118815,1433],{"class":62},[44,118817,66],{"class":58},[44,118819,4874],{"class":62},[44,118821,66],{"class":58},[44,118823,69],{"class":62},[44,118825,3005],{"class":58},[44,118827,118828],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118829,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,118831,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118833,55261],{"class":50},[44,118835,55],{"class":54},[44,118837,73926],{"class":105},[44,118839,93],{"class":58},[44,118841,83],{"class":89},[44,118843,3031],{"class":58},[44,118845,118846],{"class":3034},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,118848,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,118850,83],{"class":50},[44,118852,86],{"class":58},[44,118854,34166],{"class":89},[44,118856,6743],{"class":58},[44,118858,118859],{"class":3034},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,118861,148,118862,118864,118865,118867],{},[15,118863,73792],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,118866,77235],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,118869,118871],{"id":118870},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[165,118873,118874,118879,118884,118891],{},[168,118875,148,118876,118878],{},[15,118877,73792],{}," to get a new sorted list",[168,118880,148,118881,118883],{},[15,118882,77235],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[168,118885,118886,118887,727,118889],{},"Understand why ",[15,118888,77235],{},[15,118890,730],{},[168,118892,118893],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,118895,155,118896,158],{"id":116973},[15,118897,73792],{},[20,118899,118900,62294],{},[15,118901,73792],{},[20,118903,48299],{},[165,118905,118906,118912,118918],{},[168,118907,118908,118909],{},"returns a ",[116,118910,118911],{},"new list",[168,118913,118914,118915,118917],{},"does ",[116,118916,736],{}," change the original data",[168,118919,118920],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,118922,50506],{},[165,118924,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933],{},[168,118926,4675],{},[168,118928,4678],{},[168,118930,4684],{},[168,118932,4681],{},[168,118934,35278],{},[693,118936,34445,118938,118940],{"id":118937},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,118939,73792],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,118942,118944],{"className":37,"code":118943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,118945,118946,118966,118970,118984,118988,119006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118947,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962,118964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118949,51],{"class":50},[44,118951,55],{"class":54},[44,118953,2992],{"class":58},[44,118955,1433],{"class":62},[44,118957,66],{"class":58},[44,118959,4874],{"class":62},[44,118961,66],{"class":58},[44,118963,69],{"class":62},[44,118965,3005],{"class":58},[44,118967,118968],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,118969,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,118971,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118973,1602],{"class":50},[44,118975,55],{"class":54},[44,118977,73926],{"class":105},[44,118979,93],{"class":58},[44,118981,83],{"class":89},[44,118983,99],{"class":58},[44,118985,118986],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,118987,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,118989,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,118991,106],{"class":105},[44,118993,93],{"class":58},[44,118995,279],{"class":278},[44,118997,11526],{"class":282},[44,118999,279],{"class":278},[44,119001,66],{"class":58},[44,119003,3635],{"class":89},[44,119005,99],{"class":58},[44,119007,119008,119010,119012,119014,119017,119019,119021,119023],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,119009,106],{"class":105},[44,119011,93],{"class":58},[44,119013,279],{"class":278},[44,119015,119016],{"class":282},"sorted result:",[44,119018,279],{"class":278},[44,119020,66],{"class":58},[44,119022,80585],{"class":89},[44,119024,99],{"class":58},[20,119026,119027],{},[116,119028,118],{},[35,119030,119032],{"className":37,"code":119031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119033,119034,119054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119035,119036,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119037,11505],{"class":50},[44,119039,1084],{"class":58},[44,119041,2992],{"class":58},[44,119043,1433],{"class":62},[44,119045,66],{"class":58},[44,119047,4874],{"class":62},[44,119049,66],{"class":58},[44,119051,69],{"class":62},[44,119053,3005],{"class":58},[44,119055,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119057,73882],{"class":105},[44,119059,80585],{"class":50},[44,119061,1084],{"class":58},[44,119063,2992],{"class":58},[44,119065,63],{"class":62},[44,119067,66],{"class":58},[44,119069,69],{"class":62},[44,119071,66],{"class":58},[44,119073,74],{"class":62},[44,119075,3005],{"class":58},[20,119077,119078,119079,119081],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119080,83],{}," stays the same.",[20,119083,119084,119085,86],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[184,119086,2945,119087,2878],{"href":73889},[15,119088,73792],{},[30,119090,155,119091,158],{"id":77301},[15,119092,77235],{},[20,119094,119095,119097],{},[15,119096,63680],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119099,48299],{},[165,119101,119102,119105,119108],{},[168,119103,119104],{},"changes the original list directly",[168,119106,119107],{},"only works on lists",[168,119109,3062,119110],{},[15,119111,730],{},[693,119113,34445,119115,73330],{"id":119114},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119116,77235],{},[35,119118,119120],{"className":37,"code":119119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119121,119122,119142,119146,119156,119160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119123,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119125,51],{"class":50},[44,119127,55],{"class":54},[44,119129,2992],{"class":58},[44,119131,1433],{"class":62},[44,119133,66],{"class":58},[44,119135,4874],{"class":62},[44,119137,66],{"class":58},[44,119139,69],{"class":62},[44,119141,3005],{"class":58},[44,119143,119144],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119145,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119147,119148,119150,119152,119154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119149,83],{"class":50},[44,119151,86],{"class":58},[44,119153,34166],{"class":89},[44,119155,913],{"class":58},[44,119157,119158],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,119159,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119161,119162,119164,119166,119168],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119163,106],{"class":105},[44,119165,93],{"class":58},[44,119167,83],{"class":89},[44,119169,99],{"class":58},[20,119171,119172],{},[116,119173,118],{},[35,119175,119176],{"className":37,"code":54521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,119177,119178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119179,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119181,3270],{"class":58},[44,119183,63],{"class":62},[44,119185,66],{"class":58},[44,119187,69],{"class":62},[44,119189,66],{"class":58},[44,119191,74],{"class":62},[44,119193,3005],{"class":58},[20,119195,119196,119197,119200],{},"After calling ",[15,119198,119199],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119202,119203,119204,86],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[184,119205,2945,119206,718],{"href":74143},[15,119207,77235],{},[30,119209,119211],{"id":119210},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119213,119214],{},"Here is the core difference:",[165,119216,119217,119226],{},[168,119218,119219,119222,119223],{},[15,119220,119221],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[116,119224,119225],{},"new sorted list",[168,119227,119228,119231,119232,73700],{},[15,119229,119230],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119233,7717],{},[693,119235,119237],{"id":119236},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,119239,119241],{"className":37,"code":119240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119242,119243,119263,119267,119281,119300,119319,119323,119333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119244,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119246,51],{"class":50},[44,119248,55],{"class":54},[44,119250,2992],{"class":58},[44,119252,1508],{"class":62},[44,119254,66],{"class":58},[44,119256,69],{"class":62},[44,119258,66],{"class":58},[44,119260,143],{"class":62},[44,119262,3005],{"class":58},[44,119264,119265],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119266,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119268,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119270,1925],{"class":50},[44,119272,55],{"class":54},[44,119274,73926],{"class":105},[44,119276,93],{"class":58},[44,119278,83],{"class":89},[44,119280,99],{"class":58},[44,119282,119283,119285,119287,119289,119292,119294,119296,119298],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,119284,106],{"class":105},[44,119286,93],{"class":58},[44,119288,279],{"class":278},[44,119290,119291],{"class":282},"numbers after sorted():",[44,119293,279],{"class":278},[44,119295,66],{"class":58},[44,119297,3635],{"class":89},[44,119299,99],{"class":58},[44,119301,119302,119304,119306,119308,119311,119313,119315,119317],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119303,106],{"class":105},[44,119305,93],{"class":58},[44,119307,279],{"class":278},[44,119309,119310],{"class":282},"a:",[44,119312,279],{"class":278},[44,119314,66],{"class":58},[44,119316,56256],{"class":89},[44,119318,99],{"class":58},[44,119320,119321],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,119322,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119324,119325,119327,119329,119331],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,119326,83],{"class":50},[44,119328,86],{"class":58},[44,119330,34166],{"class":89},[44,119332,913],{"class":58},[44,119334,119335,119337,119339,119341,119344,119346,119348,119350],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,119336,106],{"class":105},[44,119338,93],{"class":58},[44,119340,279],{"class":278},[44,119342,119343],{"class":282},"numbers after sort():",[44,119345,279],{"class":278},[44,119347,66],{"class":58},[44,119349,3635],{"class":89},[44,119351,99],{"class":58},[20,119353,119354],{},[116,119355,118],{},[35,119357,119359],{"className":37,"code":119358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119360,119361,119384,119404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119362,119363,119366,119368,119370,119372,119374,119376,119378,119380,119382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119364,119365],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,119367,73882],{"class":105},[44,119369,28952],{"class":58},[44,119371,2992],{"class":58},[44,119373,1508],{"class":62},[44,119375,66],{"class":58},[44,119377,69],{"class":62},[44,119379,66],{"class":58},[44,119381,143],{"class":62},[44,119383,3005],{"class":58},[44,119385,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119387,184],{"class":50},[44,119389,1084],{"class":58},[44,119391,2992],{"class":58},[44,119393,472],{"class":62},[44,119395,66],{"class":58},[44,119397,143],{"class":62},[44,119399,66],{"class":58},[44,119401,1064],{"class":62},[44,119403,3005],{"class":58},[44,119405,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119407,119365],{"class":50},[44,119409,34166],{"class":89},[44,119411,28952],{"class":58},[44,119413,2992],{"class":58},[44,119415,472],{"class":62},[44,119417,66],{"class":58},[44,119419,143],{"class":62},[44,119421,66],{"class":58},[44,119423,1064],{"class":62},[44,119425,3005],{"class":58},[20,119427,10089],{},[165,119429,119430,119435],{},[168,119431,119432,119434],{},[15,119433,73792],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[168,119436,119437,119439],{},[15,119438,63680],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,119441,4334,119443],{"id":119442},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119444,73792],{},[20,119446,148,119447,9977],{},[15,119448,73792],{},[165,119450,119451,119454,119456,119459],{},[168,119452,119453],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[168,119455,118223],{},[168,119457,119458],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[168,119460,119461],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[693,119463,119465],{"id":119464},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,119467,119469],{"className":37,"code":119468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119470,119471,119495,119499,119513,119517,119527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119472,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119474,51],{"class":50},[44,119476,55],{"class":54},[44,119478,8615],{"class":58},[44,119480,96],{"class":62},[44,119482,66],{"class":58},[44,119484,4874],{"class":62},[44,119486,66],{"class":58},[44,119488,74],{"class":62},[44,119490,66],{"class":58},[44,119492,69],{"class":62},[44,119494,99],{"class":58},[44,119496,119497],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119498,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119500,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119502,1602],{"class":50},[44,119504,55],{"class":54},[44,119506,73926],{"class":105},[44,119508,93],{"class":58},[44,119510,83],{"class":89},[44,119512,99],{"class":58},[44,119514,119515],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,119516,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119518,119519,119521,119523,119525],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119520,106],{"class":105},[44,119522,93],{"class":58},[44,119524,1637],{"class":89},[44,119526,99],{"class":58},[44,119528,119529,119531,119533,119535,119537,119539],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,119530,106],{"class":105},[44,119532,93],{"class":58},[44,119534,1090],{"class":909},[44,119536,93],{"class":58},[44,119538,1637],{"class":89},[44,119540,973],{"class":58},[20,119542,119543],{},[116,119544,118],{},[35,119546,119548],{"className":37,"code":119547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119549,119550,119570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119551,119552,119554,119556,119558,119560,119562,119564,119566,119568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119553,3270],{"class":58},[44,119555,63],{"class":62},[44,119557,66],{"class":58},[44,119559,69],{"class":62},[44,119561,66],{"class":58},[44,119563,74],{"class":62},[44,119565,66],{"class":58},[44,119567,143],{"class":62},[44,119569,3005],{"class":58},[44,119571,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119573,2659],{"class":54},[44,119575,2662],{"class":1436},[44,119577,360],{"class":278},[44,119579,1097],{"class":282},[44,119581,351],{"class":278},[44,119583,2671],{"class":54},[20,119585,1659,119586,119588,119589,86],{},[15,119587,73792],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[116,119590,1097],{},[20,119592,119593,119594,119596],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[184,119595,52143],{"href":50352}," is a helpful next step.",[30,119598,4334,119600],{"id":119599},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119601,77235],{},[20,119603,148,119604,9977],{},[15,119605,77235],{},[165,119607,119608,119611,119614,119617],{},[168,119609,119610],{},"you already have a list",[168,119612,119613],{},"you want to update that list directly",[168,119615,119616],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[168,119618,119619],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[693,119621,119623],{"id":119622},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,119625,119627],{"className":37,"code":119626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119628,119629,119661,119665,119675,119679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119630,119631,119633,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653,119655,119657,119659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119632,4368],{"class":50},[44,119634,55],{"class":54},[44,119636,2992],{"class":58},[44,119638,279],{"class":278},[44,119640,4395],{"class":282},[44,119642,279],{"class":278},[44,119644,66],{"class":58},[44,119646,290],{"class":278},[44,119648,4377],{"class":282},[44,119650,279],{"class":278},[44,119652,66],{"class":58},[44,119654,290],{"class":278},[44,119656,4386],{"class":282},[44,119658,279],{"class":278},[44,119660,3005],{"class":58},[44,119662,119663],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119664,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119666,119667,119669,119671,119673],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119668,4412],{"class":50},[44,119670,86],{"class":58},[44,119672,34166],{"class":89},[44,119674,913],{"class":58},[44,119676,119677],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,119678,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119680,119681,119683,119685,119687],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119682,106],{"class":105},[44,119684,93],{"class":58},[44,119686,4412],{"class":89},[44,119688,99],{"class":58},[20,119690,119691],{},[116,119692,118],{},[35,119694,119696],{"className":37,"code":119695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119697,119698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119699,119700,119702,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119701,3270],{"class":58},[44,119703,351],{"class":278},[44,119705,4377],{"class":282},[44,119707,351],{"class":278},[44,119709,66],{"class":58},[44,119711,360],{"class":278},[44,119713,4386],{"class":282},[44,119715,351],{"class":278},[44,119717,66],{"class":58},[44,119719,360],{"class":278},[44,119721,4395],{"class":282},[44,119723,351],{"class":278},[44,119725,3005],{"class":58},[20,119727,119728],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119730,119731,119732,86],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[184,119733,79241],{"href":77744},[30,119735,119737,3766,119739,119741],{"id":119736},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119738,72945],{},[15,119740,14212],{}," work with both",[20,119743,9966,119744,3766,119746,119748],{},[15,119745,73792],{},[15,119747,77235],{}," support:",[165,119750,119751,119756],{},[168,119752,119753,119755],{},[15,119754,77459],{}," for descending order",[168,119757,119758,119761],{},[15,119759,119760],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119763,119764],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[693,119766,119768],{"id":119767},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,119770,119772],{"className":37,"code":119771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119773,119774,119794,119798,119820,119824,119842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119775,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119777,51],{"class":50},[44,119779,55],{"class":54},[44,119781,2992],{"class":58},[44,119783,1433],{"class":62},[44,119785,66],{"class":58},[44,119787,4874],{"class":62},[44,119789,66],{"class":58},[44,119791,69],{"class":62},[44,119793,3005],{"class":58},[44,119795,119796],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119797,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119799,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119801,106],{"class":105},[44,119803,93],{"class":58},[44,119805,73882],{"class":105},[44,119807,93],{"class":58},[44,119809,83],{"class":89},[44,119811,66],{"class":58},[44,119813,77438],{"class":8554},[44,119815,55],{"class":54},[44,119817,987],{"class":871},[44,119819,973],{"class":58},[44,119821,119822],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,119823,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119825,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119827,83],{"class":50},[44,119829,86],{"class":58},[44,119831,34166],{"class":89},[44,119833,93],{"class":58},[44,119835,72945],{"class":8554},[44,119837,55],{"class":54},[44,119839,987],{"class":871},[44,119841,99],{"class":58},[44,119843,119844,119846,119848,119850],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,119845,106],{"class":105},[44,119847,93],{"class":58},[44,119849,83],{"class":89},[44,119851,99],{"class":58},[20,119853,119854],{},[116,119855,118],{},[35,119857,119859],{"className":37,"code":119858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119860,119861,119877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119862,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871,119873,119875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119864,3270],{"class":58},[44,119866,1433],{"class":62},[44,119868,66],{"class":58},[44,119870,69],{"class":62},[44,119872,66],{"class":58},[44,119874,4874],{"class":62},[44,119876,3005],{"class":58},[44,119878,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119880,3270],{"class":58},[44,119882,1433],{"class":62},[44,119884,66],{"class":58},[44,119886,69],{"class":62},[44,119888,66],{"class":58},[44,119890,4874],{"class":62},[44,119892,3005],{"class":58},[693,119894,119896],{"id":119895},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,119898,119900],{"className":37,"code":119899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,119901,119902,119934,119938,119964,119968,119990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119903,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119905,3441],{"class":50},[44,119907,55],{"class":54},[44,119909,2992],{"class":58},[44,119911,279],{"class":278},[44,119913,82730],{"class":282},[44,119915,279],{"class":278},[44,119917,66],{"class":58},[44,119919,290],{"class":278},[44,119921,3450],{"class":282},[44,119923,279],{"class":278},[44,119925,66],{"class":58},[44,119927,290],{"class":278},[44,119929,118088],{"class":282},[44,119931,279],{"class":278},[44,119933,3005],{"class":58},[44,119935,119936],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,119937,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119939,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960,119962],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119941,106],{"class":105},[44,119943,93],{"class":58},[44,119945,73882],{"class":105},[44,119947,93],{"class":58},[44,119949,3485],{"class":89},[44,119951,66],{"class":58},[44,119953,20946],{"class":8554},[44,119955,55],{"class":54},[44,119957,2812],{"class":909},[44,119959,86],{"class":58},[44,119961,8018],{"class":1219},[44,119963,973],{"class":58},[44,119965,119966],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,119967,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119971,3485],{"class":50},[44,119973,86],{"class":58},[44,119975,34166],{"class":89},[44,119977,93],{"class":58},[44,119979,14212],{"class":8554},[44,119981,55],{"class":54},[44,119983,2812],{"class":909},[44,119985,86],{"class":58},[44,119987,8018],{"class":1219},[44,119989,99],{"class":58},[44,119991,119992,119994,119996,119998],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,119993,106],{"class":105},[44,119995,93],{"class":58},[44,119997,3485],{"class":89},[44,119999,99],{"class":58},[20,120001,120002],{},[116,120003,118],{},[35,120005,120007],{"className":37,"code":120006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120008,120009,120037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120010,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021,120023,120025,120027,120029,120031,120033,120035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120012,3270],{"class":58},[44,120014,351],{"class":278},[44,120016,3450],{"class":282},[44,120018,351],{"class":278},[44,120020,66],{"class":58},[44,120022,360],{"class":278},[44,120024,82730],{"class":282},[44,120026,351],{"class":278},[44,120028,66],{"class":58},[44,120030,360],{"class":278},[44,120032,118088],{"class":282},[44,120034,351],{"class":278},[44,120036,3005],{"class":58},[44,120038,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120040,3270],{"class":58},[44,120042,351],{"class":278},[44,120044,3450],{"class":282},[44,120046,351],{"class":278},[44,120048,66],{"class":58},[44,120050,360],{"class":278},[44,120052,82730],{"class":282},[44,120054,351],{"class":278},[44,120056,66],{"class":58},[44,120058,360],{"class":278},[44,120060,118088],{"class":282},[44,120062,351],{"class":278},[44,120064,3005],{"class":58},[20,120066,1123,120067,120069],{},[15,120068,77953],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120071,120072,120073,86],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[184,120074,120076],{"href":120075},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,120078,120080],{"id":120079},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120082,120083],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[693,120085,120087,120088,11970],{"id":120086},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120089,77235],{},[20,120091,120092],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,120094,120096],{"className":37,"code":120095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120097,120098,120118,120122,120136,120140,120150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120099,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108,120110,120112,120114,120116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120101,51],{"class":50},[44,120103,55],{"class":54},[44,120105,2992],{"class":58},[44,120107,1433],{"class":62},[44,120109,66],{"class":58},[44,120111,4874],{"class":62},[44,120113,66],{"class":58},[44,120115,69],{"class":62},[44,120117,3005],{"class":58},[44,120119,120120],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120121,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,120123,120124,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120125,1602],{"class":50},[44,120127,55],{"class":54},[44,120129,3635],{"class":50},[44,120131,86],{"class":58},[44,120133,34166],{"class":89},[44,120135,913],{"class":58},[44,120137,120138],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,120139,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,120141,120142,120144,120146,120148],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120143,106],{"class":105},[44,120145,93],{"class":58},[44,120147,1637],{"class":89},[44,120149,99],{"class":58},[44,120151,120152,120154,120156,120158],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,120153,106],{"class":105},[44,120155,93],{"class":58},[44,120157,83],{"class":89},[44,120159,99],{"class":58},[20,120161,120162],{},[116,120163,118],{},[35,120165,120166],{"className":37,"code":78576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120167,120168,120172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120169,120170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120171,864],{"class":871},[44,120173,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120175,3270],{"class":58},[44,120177,63],{"class":62},[44,120179,66],{"class":58},[44,120181,69],{"class":62},[44,120183,66],{"class":58},[44,120185,74],{"class":62},[44,120187,3005],{"class":58},[20,120189,11272],{},[165,120191,120192,120197,120202],{},[168,120193,120194,120196],{},[15,120195,119199],{}," sorts the list in place",[168,120198,34382,120199,120201],{},[116,120200,736],{}," return the sorted list",[168,120203,89354,120204,41524,120206],{},[15,120205,1637],{},[15,120207,730],{},[693,120209,120211,120212,120214],{"id":120210},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120213,73792],{}," to change the original list",[35,120216,120218],{"className":37,"code":120217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120219,120220,120240,120244,120254,120258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120221,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120223,51],{"class":50},[44,120225,55],{"class":54},[44,120227,2992],{"class":58},[44,120229,1433],{"class":62},[44,120231,66],{"class":58},[44,120233,4874],{"class":62},[44,120235,66],{"class":58},[44,120237,69],{"class":62},[44,120239,3005],{"class":58},[44,120241,120242],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120243,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,120245,120246,120248,120250,120252],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120247,73882],{"class":105},[44,120249,93],{"class":58},[44,120251,83],{"class":89},[44,120253,99],{"class":58},[44,120255,120256],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,120257,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,120259,120260,120262,120264,120266],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120261,106],{"class":105},[44,120263,93],{"class":58},[44,120265,83],{"class":89},[44,120267,99],{"class":58},[20,120269,120270],{},[116,120271,118],{},[35,120273,120274],{"className":37,"code":118420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120275,120276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120277,120278,120280,120282,120284,120286,120288,120290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120279,3270],{"class":58},[44,120281,1433],{"class":62},[44,120283,66],{"class":58},[44,120285,4874],{"class":62},[44,120287,66],{"class":58},[44,120289,69],{"class":62},[44,120291,3005],{"class":58},[20,120293,120294,120297],{},[15,120295,120296],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120299,10183],{},[35,120301,120303],{"className":37,"code":120302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120304,120305,120325,120329,120343,120347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120306,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120308,51],{"class":50},[44,120310,55],{"class":54},[44,120312,2992],{"class":58},[44,120314,1433],{"class":62},[44,120316,66],{"class":58},[44,120318,4874],{"class":62},[44,120320,66],{"class":58},[44,120322,69],{"class":62},[44,120324,3005],{"class":58},[44,120326,120327],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120328,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,120330,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120332,55013],{"class":50},[44,120334,55],{"class":54},[44,120336,73926],{"class":105},[44,120338,93],{"class":58},[44,120340,83],{"class":89},[44,120342,99],{"class":58},[44,120344,120345],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,120346,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,120348,120349,120351,120353,120355],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120350,106],{"class":105},[44,120352,93],{"class":58},[44,120354,55032],{"class":89},[44,120356,99],{"class":58},[693,120358,120360,120361,120363],{"id":120359},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120362,63680],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,120365,120366],{"className":37,"code":78678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120367,120368,120380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120369,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120371,34054],{"class":50},[44,120373,55],{"class":54},[44,120375,290],{"class":278},[44,120377,39],{"class":282},[44,120379,2727],{"class":278},[44,120381,120382,120384,120386,120388],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120383,34075],{"class":50},[44,120385,86],{"class":58},[44,120387,34166],{"class":89},[44,120389,913],{"class":58},[20,120391,120392,120393,32966],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120394,63680],{},[20,120396,120397,120399],{},[15,120398,63680],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120401,120402,120403,120405,120406,86],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120404,73792],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[184,120407,4510],{"href":4962},[693,120409,120411,120412,118457],{"id":120410},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120413,73792],{},[35,120415,120417],{"className":37,"code":120416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120418,120419,120432,120446,120450,120460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120420,120421,120423,120425,120427,120430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120422,34054],{"class":50},[44,120424,55],{"class":54},[44,120426,290],{"class":278},[44,120428,120429],{"class":282},"cab",[44,120431,2727],{"class":278},[44,120433,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120435,1602],{"class":50},[44,120437,55],{"class":54},[44,120439,73926],{"class":105},[44,120441,93],{"class":58},[44,120443,34075],{"class":89},[44,120445,99],{"class":58},[44,120447,120448],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120449,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,120451,120452,120454,120456,120458],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,120453,106],{"class":105},[44,120455,93],{"class":58},[44,120457,1637],{"class":89},[44,120459,99],{"class":58},[44,120461,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120463,106],{"class":105},[44,120465,93],{"class":58},[44,120467,1090],{"class":909},[44,120469,93],{"class":58},[44,120471,1637],{"class":89},[44,120473,973],{"class":58},[20,120475,120476],{},[116,120477,118],{},[35,120479,120481],{"className":37,"code":120480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120482,120483,120511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120484,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120486,3270],{"class":58},[44,120488,351],{"class":278},[44,120490,184],{"class":282},[44,120492,351],{"class":278},[44,120494,66],{"class":58},[44,120496,360],{"class":278},[44,120498,563],{"class":282},[44,120500,351],{"class":278},[44,120502,66],{"class":58},[44,120504,360],{"class":278},[44,120506,583],{"class":282},[44,120508,351],{"class":278},[44,120510,3005],{"class":58},[44,120512,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120514,2659],{"class":54},[44,120516,2662],{"class":1436},[44,120518,360],{"class":278},[44,120520,1097],{"class":282},[44,120522,351],{"class":278},[44,120524,2671],{"class":54},[20,120526,120527],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,120529,112978],{"id":112977},[20,120531,120532],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[165,120534,120535,120538,120543,120548,120554],{},[168,120536,120537],{},"confusing a function with a method",[168,120539,120540,120541,53015],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120542,63680],{},[168,120544,120545,120546,11970],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120547,77235],{},[168,120549,120550,120551,120553],{},"trying to use ",[15,120552,63680],{}," on non-list data types",[168,120555,49878,120556,120558],{},[15,120557,73792],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120560,120561],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,120563,120565],{"className":37,"code":120564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120566,120567,120577,120591,120616,120631,120641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120568,120569,120571,120573,120575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120570,106],{"class":105},[44,120572,93],{"class":58},[44,120574,7717],{"class":89},[44,120576,99],{"class":58},[44,120578,120579,120581,120583,120585,120587,120589],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120580,106],{"class":105},[44,120582,93],{"class":58},[44,120584,73882],{"class":105},[44,120586,93],{"class":58},[44,120588,7717],{"class":89},[44,120590,973],{"class":58},[44,120592,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605,120608,120610,120612,120614],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120594,1602],{"class":50},[44,120596,55],{"class":54},[44,120598,7774],{"class":50},[44,120600,86],{"class":58},[44,120602,34166],{"class":89},[44,120604,6743],{"class":58},[44,120606,120607],{"class":50},"; ",[44,120609,106],{"class":105},[44,120611,93],{"class":58},[44,120613,1637],{"class":89},[44,120615,99],{"class":58},[44,120617,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120629],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,120619,106],{"class":105},[44,120621,93],{"class":58},[44,120623,1090],{"class":909},[44,120625,93],{"class":58},[44,120627,120628],{"class":89},"my_data",[44,120630,973],{"class":58},[44,120632,120633,120635,120637,120639],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120634,1209],{"class":105},[44,120636,93],{"class":58},[44,120638,73882],{"class":105},[44,120640,99],{"class":58},[44,120642,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,120644,1209],{"class":105},[44,120646,93],{"class":58},[44,120648,1097],{"class":909},[44,120650,86],{"class":58},[44,120652,34166],{"class":1219},[44,120654,99],{"class":58},[20,120656,83740],{},[165,120658,120659,120662,120666,120674],{},[168,120660,120661],{},"whether your original list changed",[168,120663,25386,120664,11078],{},[15,120665,73792],{},[168,120667,120668,120669,120671,120672],{},"whether ",[15,120670,63680],{}," returned ",[15,120673,730],{},[168,120675,120676],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,120678,120680],{"id":120679},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120682,120683],{},"Use this rule:",[165,120685,120686,120694],{},[168,120687,120688,120689,120691,120692],{},"Need a ",[116,120690,118782],{},": use ",[15,120693,73792],{},[168,120695,120696,120697,120691,120700],{},"Need to ",[116,120698,120699],{},"change one list directly",[15,120701,77235],{},[20,120703,120704,120705,120707],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120706,73792],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,120709,1235],{"id":1234},[693,120711,120713,120714,188,120716,1863],{"id":120712},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120715,73792],{},[15,120717,77235],{},[20,120719,120720,120722],{},[15,120721,73792],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[693,120724,4532,120726,4535,120728,1863],{"id":120725},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120727,77235],{},[15,120729,730],{},[20,120731,120732],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[693,120734,4544,120736,120738],{"id":120735},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120737,73792],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120740,120741],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[693,120743,27696,120745,120747],{"id":120744},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120746,63680],{}," on a string?",[20,120749,45736,120750,120752,120753,39298],{},[15,120751,63680],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120754,120755],{},"sorted(string)",[693,120757,11191,120759,3766,120761,120763],{"id":120758},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120760,73792],{},[15,120762,63680],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120765,120766,120767,86],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120768,77459],{},[30,120770,1279],{"id":1278},[165,120772,120773,120779,120785,120789,120793],{},[168,120774,120775],{},[184,120776,2945,120777,2878],{"href":73889},[15,120778,73792],{},[168,120780,120781],{},[184,120782,2945,120783,718],{"href":74143},[15,120784,77235],{},[168,120786,120787],{},[184,120788,79241],{"href":77744},[168,120790,120791],{},[184,120792,120076],{"href":120075},[168,120794,120795],{},[184,120796,52143],{"href":50352},[1304,120798,120799],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html 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var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":120801},[120802,120803,120804,120808,120812,120815,120819,120823,120828,120838,120839,120840,120852],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":118870,"depth":80,"text":118871},{"id":116973,"depth":80,"text":118695,"children":120805},[120806],{"id":118937,"depth":102,"text":120807},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77301,"depth":80,"text":79263,"children":120809},[120810],{"id":119114,"depth":102,"text":120811},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119210,"depth":80,"text":119211,"children":120813},[120814],{"id":119236,"depth":102,"text":119237},{"id":119442,"depth":80,"text":120816,"children":120817},"When to use sorted()",[120818],{"id":119464,"depth":102,"text":119465},{"id":119599,"depth":80,"text":120820,"children":120821},"When to use list.sort()",[120822],{"id":119622,"depth":102,"text":119623},{"id":119736,"depth":80,"text":120824,"children":120825},"reverse and key work with both",[120826,120827],{"id":119767,"depth":102,"text":119768},{"id":119895,"depth":102,"text":119896},{"id":120079,"depth":80,"text":120080,"children":120829},[120830,120832,120834,120836],{"id":120086,"depth":102,"text":120831},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120210,"depth":102,"text":120833},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120359,"depth":102,"text":120835},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120410,"depth":102,"text":120837},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":112977,"depth":80,"text":112978},{"id":120679,"depth":80,"text":120680},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":120841},[120842,120844,120846,120848,120850],{"id":120712,"depth":102,"text":120843},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120725,"depth":102,"text":120845},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120735,"depth":102,"text":120847},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120744,"depth":102,"text":120849},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120758,"depth":102,"text":120851},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118741,"description":120853},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120859,"title":41545,"body":120860,"description":122592,"extension":1334,"meta":122593,"navigation":322,"path":122594,"seo":122595,"stem":122596,"__hash__":122597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120861,"toc":122549},[120862,120867,120872,120878,120880,120935,120939,120962,120967,120972,120977,120979,121010,121013,121027,121029,121031,121046,121051,121055,121058,121109,121113,121127,121134,121138,121142,121197,121201,121224,121228,121284,121288,121311,121315,121370,121374,121397,121401,121468,121472,121507,121513,121518,121523,121525,121539,121541,121615,121619,121639,121644,121651,121654,121666,121668,121737,121741,121778,121781,121806,121813,121822,121825,121837,121843,121849,121851,121857,121862,121941,121945,121986,121990,121992,122019,122022,122045,122048,122054,122057,122094,122106,122113,122115,122166,122169,122201,122204,122206,122213,122215,122230,122232,122289,122293,122317,122319,122324,122340,122347,122351,122354,122437,122447,122449,122454,122457,122463,122466,122472,122475,122481,122484,122491,122499,122501,122546],[10,120863,2945,120865,2949],{"id":120864},"python-str-function-explained",[15,120866,47055],{},[20,120868,31682,120869,120871],{},[15,120870,47055],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,120873,120874,120875,120877],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,120876,47055],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,120879,33],{"id":32},[35,120881,120883],{"className":37,"code":120882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,120884,120885,120893,120907,120911,120921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120886,120887,120889,120891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120888,20995],{"class":50},[44,120890,55],{"class":54},[44,120892,44596],{"class":62},[44,120894,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120896,34054],{"class":50},[44,120898,55],{"class":54},[44,120900,48276],{"class":909},[44,120902,93],{"class":58},[44,120904,8677],{"class":89},[44,120906,99],{"class":58},[44,120908,120909],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120910,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,120912,120913,120915,120917,120919],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,120914,106],{"class":105},[44,120916,93],{"class":58},[44,120918,34075],{"class":89},[44,120920,99],{"class":58},[44,120922,120923,120925,120927,120929,120931,120933],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120924,106],{"class":105},[44,120926,93],{"class":58},[44,120928,1090],{"class":909},[44,120930,93],{"class":58},[44,120932,34075],{"class":89},[44,120934,973],{"class":58},[20,120936,120937],{},[116,120938,118],{},[35,120940,120942],{"className":37,"code":120941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,120943,120944,120948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120945,120946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120947,2080],{"class":62},[44,120949,120950,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,120951,2659],{"class":54},[44,120953,2662],{"class":1436},[44,120955,360],{"class":278},[44,120957,2812],{"class":282},[44,120959,351],{"class":278},[44,120961,2671],{"class":54},[20,120963,148,120964,120966],{},[15,120965,47055],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,120968,155,120970,158],{"id":120969},"what-str-does",[15,120971,47055],{},[20,120973,120974,120976],{},[15,120975,47055],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,120978,1478],{},[165,120980,120981,120988,120995,121002],{},[168,120982,120983,120984,41524,120986],{},"An integer like ",[15,120985,931],{},[15,120987,41495],{},[168,120989,120990,120991,41524,120993],{},"A float like ",[15,120992,39512],{},[15,120994,47466],{},[168,120996,120997,120998,41524,121000],{},"A boolean like ",[15,120999,987],{},[15,121001,6017],{},[168,121003,121004,121005,41524,121007],{},"A list like ",[15,121006,74614],{},[15,121008,121009],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121011,121012],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[165,121014,121015,121018,121021,121024],{},[168,121016,121017],{},"print it",[168,121019,121020],{},"combine it with other strings",[168,121022,121023],{},"save it to a file",[168,121025,121026],{},"use it in messages",[30,121028,196],{"id":195},[20,121030,6595],{},[35,121032,121034],{"className":37,"code":121033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,121035,121036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121037,121038,121040,121042,121044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121039,2812],{"class":909},[44,121041,93],{"class":58},[44,121043,41768],{"class":909},[44,121045,99],{"class":58},[20,121047,20137,121048,121050],{},[15,121049,41768],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121052,121053,7603],{},[15,121054,47055],{},[20,121056,121057],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,121059,121061],{"className":37,"code":121060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121062,121063,121072,121095,121099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121064,121065,121067,121069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121066,4469],{"class":50},[44,121068,55],{"class":54},[44,121070,121071],{"class":62}," 100\n",[44,121073,121074,121076,121078,121080,121083,121085,121087,121089,121091,121093],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121075,89374],{"class":50},[44,121077,55],{"class":54},[44,121079,290],{"class":278},[44,121081,121082],{"class":282},"Your score is ",[44,121084,279],{"class":278},[44,121086,1826],{"class":54},[44,121088,48276],{"class":909},[44,121090,93],{"class":58},[44,121092,84887],{"class":89},[44,121094,99],{"class":58},[44,121096,121097],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121098,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,121100,121101,121103,121105,121107],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121102,106],{"class":105},[44,121104,93],{"class":58},[44,121106,89391],{"class":89},[44,121108,99],{"class":58},[20,121110,121111],{},[116,121112,118],{},[35,121114,121116],{"className":37,"code":121115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121117,121118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121119,121120,121123,121125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121121,121122],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,121124,11566],{"class":54},[44,121126,121071],{"class":62},[20,121128,1669,121129,121133],{},[184,121130,121131,1676],{"href":1672},[15,121132,1675],{}," can help you check.",[30,121135,121137],{"id":121136},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[693,121139,121141],{"id":121140},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,121143,121145],{"className":37,"code":121144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121146,121147,121155,121169,121173,121183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121148,121149,121151,121153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121150,1589],{"class":50},[44,121152,55],{"class":54},[44,121154,1958],{"class":62},[44,121156,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121158,34054],{"class":50},[44,121160,55],{"class":54},[44,121162,48276],{"class":909},[44,121164,93],{"class":58},[44,121166,1612],{"class":89},[44,121168,99],{"class":58},[44,121170,121171],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121172,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,121174,121175,121177,121179,121181],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121176,106],{"class":105},[44,121178,93],{"class":58},[44,121180,34075],{"class":89},[44,121182,99],{"class":58},[44,121184,121185,121187,121189,121191,121193,121195],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121186,106],{"class":105},[44,121188,93],{"class":58},[44,121190,1090],{"class":909},[44,121192,93],{"class":58},[44,121194,34075],{"class":89},[44,121196,973],{"class":58},[20,121198,121199],{},[116,121200,118],{},[35,121202,121204],{"className":37,"code":121203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121205,121206,121210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121207,121208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121209,1749],{"class":62},[44,121211,121212,121214,121216,121218,121220,121222],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121213,2659],{"class":54},[44,121215,2662],{"class":1436},[44,121217,360],{"class":278},[44,121219,2812],{"class":282},[44,121221,351],{"class":278},[44,121223,2671],{"class":54},[693,121225,121227],{"id":121226},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,121229,121231],{"className":37,"code":121230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121232,121233,121242,121256,121260,121270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121234,121235,121237,121239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121236,39756],{"class":50},[44,121238,55],{"class":54},[44,121240,121241],{"class":62}," 3.14\n",[44,121243,121244,121246,121248,121250,121252,121254],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121245,34054],{"class":50},[44,121247,55],{"class":54},[44,121249,48276],{"class":909},[44,121251,93],{"class":58},[44,121253,24516],{"class":89},[44,121255,99],{"class":58},[44,121257,121258],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121259,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,121261,121262,121264,121266,121268],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121263,106],{"class":105},[44,121265,93],{"class":58},[44,121267,34075],{"class":89},[44,121269,99],{"class":58},[44,121271,121272,121274,121276,121278,121280,121282],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121273,106],{"class":105},[44,121275,93],{"class":58},[44,121277,1090],{"class":909},[44,121279,93],{"class":58},[44,121281,34075],{"class":89},[44,121283,973],{"class":58},[20,121285,121286],{},[116,121287,118],{},[35,121289,121291],{"className":37,"code":121290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121292,121293,121297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121294,121295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121296,39546],{"class":62},[44,121298,121299,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121300,2659],{"class":54},[44,121302,2662],{"class":1436},[44,121304,360],{"class":278},[44,121306,2812],{"class":282},[44,121308,351],{"class":278},[44,121310,2671],{"class":54},[693,121312,121314],{"id":121313},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,121316,121318],{"className":37,"code":121317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121319,121320,121328,121342,121346,121356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121321,121322,121324,121326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121323,1819],{"class":50},[44,121325,55],{"class":54},[44,121327,5799],{"class":871},[44,121329,121330,121332,121334,121336,121338,121340],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121331,34054],{"class":50},[44,121333,55],{"class":54},[44,121335,48276],{"class":909},[44,121337,93],{"class":58},[44,121339,1188],{"class":89},[44,121341,99],{"class":58},[44,121343,121344],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121345,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,121347,121348,121350,121352,121354],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121349,106],{"class":105},[44,121351,93],{"class":58},[44,121353,34075],{"class":89},[44,121355,99],{"class":58},[44,121357,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366,121368],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121359,106],{"class":105},[44,121361,93],{"class":58},[44,121363,1090],{"class":909},[44,121365,93],{"class":58},[44,121367,34075],{"class":89},[44,121369,973],{"class":58},[20,121371,121372],{},[116,121373,118],{},[35,121375,121377],{"className":37,"code":121376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121378,121379,121383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121380,121381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121382,3350],{"class":871},[44,121384,121385,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121386,2659],{"class":54},[44,121388,2662],{"class":1436},[44,121390,360],{"class":278},[44,121392,2812],{"class":282},[44,121394,351],{"class":278},[44,121396,2671],{"class":54},[693,121398,121400],{"id":121399},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,121402,121404],{"className":37,"code":121403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121405,121406,121426,121440,121444,121454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121407,121408,121410,121412,121414,121416,121418,121420,121422,121424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121409,904],{"class":50},[44,121411,55],{"class":54},[44,121413,2992],{"class":58},[44,121415,63],{"class":62},[44,121417,66],{"class":58},[44,121419,69],{"class":62},[44,121421,66],{"class":58},[44,121423,74],{"class":62},[44,121425,3005],{"class":58},[44,121427,121428,121430,121432,121434,121436,121438],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121429,34054],{"class":50},[44,121431,55],{"class":54},[44,121433,48276],{"class":909},[44,121435,93],{"class":58},[44,121437,922],{"class":89},[44,121439,99],{"class":58},[44,121441,121442],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121443,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,121445,121446,121448,121450,121452],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121447,106],{"class":105},[44,121449,93],{"class":58},[44,121451,34075],{"class":89},[44,121453,99],{"class":58},[44,121455,121456,121458,121460,121462,121464,121466],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121457,106],{"class":105},[44,121459,93],{"class":58},[44,121461,1090],{"class":909},[44,121463,93],{"class":58},[44,121465,34075],{"class":89},[44,121467,973],{"class":58},[20,121469,121470],{},[116,121471,118],{},[35,121473,121475],{"className":37,"code":121474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121476,121477,121493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485,121487,121489,121491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121480,3270],{"class":58},[44,121482,63],{"class":62},[44,121484,66],{"class":58},[44,121486,69],{"class":62},[44,121488,66],{"class":58},[44,121490,74],{"class":62},[44,121492,3005],{"class":58},[44,121494,121495,121497,121499,121501,121503,121505],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121496,2659],{"class":54},[44,121498,2662],{"class":1436},[44,121500,360],{"class":278},[44,121502,2812],{"class":282},[44,121504,351],{"class":278},[44,121506,2671],{"class":54},[20,121508,121509,121510,121512],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[116,121511,736],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,121514,4334,121516],{"id":121515},"when-to-use-str",[15,121517,47055],{},[20,121519,148,121520,121522],{},[15,121521,47055],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121524,35793],{},[165,121526,121527,121530,121533,121536],{},[168,121528,121529],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[168,121531,121532],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[168,121534,121535],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[168,121537,121538],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121540,894],{},[35,121542,121544],{"className":37,"code":121543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121545,121546,121558,121566,121570,121605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121547,121548,121550,121552,121554,121556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121549,7254],{"class":50},[44,121551,55],{"class":54},[44,121553,290],{"class":278},[44,121555,10881],{"class":282},[44,121557,2727],{"class":278},[44,121559,121560,121562,121564],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121561,20995],{"class":50},[44,121563,55],{"class":54},[44,121565,44596],{"class":62},[44,121567,121568],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121569,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,121571,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580,121582,121584,121586,121588,121590,121592,121594,121596,121598,121600,121603],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121573,89374],{"class":50},[44,121575,55],{"class":54},[44,121577,35337],{"class":50},[44,121579,1430],{"class":54},[44,121581,290],{"class":278},[44,121583,4156],{"class":282},[44,121585,279],{"class":278},[44,121587,1826],{"class":54},[44,121589,48276],{"class":909},[44,121591,93],{"class":58},[44,121593,8677],{"class":89},[44,121595,3031],{"class":58},[44,121597,1826],{"class":54},[44,121599,290],{"class":278},[44,121601,121602],{"class":282}," years old.",[44,121604,2727],{"class":278},[44,121606,121607,121609,121611,121613],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121608,106],{"class":105},[44,121610,93],{"class":58},[44,121612,89391],{"class":89},[44,121614,99],{"class":58},[20,121616,121617],{},[116,121618,118],{},[35,121620,121622],{"className":37,"code":121621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121623,121624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121625,121626,121629,121631,121633,121636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121627,121628],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,121630,11566],{"class":54},[44,121632,8684],{"class":62},[44,121634,121635],{"class":50}," years old",[44,121637,121638],{"class":58},".\n",[20,121640,121641,121642,86],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[184,121643,89060],{"href":89059},[30,121645,121647,525,121649],{"id":121646},"str-vs-print",[15,121648,47055],{},[15,121650,45823],{},[20,121652,121653],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[165,121655,121656,121661],{},[168,121657,121658,121660],{},[15,121659,47055],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[168,121662,121663,121665],{},[15,121664,45823],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121667,894],{},[35,121669,121671],{"className":37,"code":121670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121672,121673,121681,121685,121699,121709,121723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121674,121675,121677,121679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121676,1819],{"class":50},[44,121678,55],{"class":54},[44,121680,2140],{"class":62},[44,121682,121683],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121684,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,121686,121687,121689,121691,121693,121695,121697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121688,34054],{"class":50},[44,121690,55],{"class":54},[44,121692,48276],{"class":909},[44,121694,93],{"class":58},[44,121696,1188],{"class":89},[44,121698,99],{"class":58},[44,121700,121701,121703,121705,121707],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121702,106],{"class":105},[44,121704,93],{"class":58},[44,121706,34075],{"class":89},[44,121708,99],{"class":58},[44,121710,121711,121713,121715,121717,121719,121721],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121712,106],{"class":105},[44,121714,93],{"class":58},[44,121716,1090],{"class":909},[44,121718,93],{"class":58},[44,121720,34075],{"class":89},[44,121722,973],{"class":58},[44,121724,121725,121727,121729,121731,121733,121735],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,121726,106],{"class":105},[44,121728,93],{"class":58},[44,121730,1090],{"class":909},[44,121732,93],{"class":58},[44,121734,1188],{"class":89},[44,121736,973],{"class":58},[20,121738,121739],{},[116,121740,118],{},[35,121742,121744],{"className":37,"code":121743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121745,121746,121750,121764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121747,121748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121749,45983],{"class":62},[44,121751,121752,121754,121756,121758,121760,121762],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121753,2659],{"class":54},[44,121755,2662],{"class":1436},[44,121757,360],{"class":278},[44,121759,2812],{"class":282},[44,121761,351],{"class":278},[44,121763,2671],{"class":54},[44,121765,121766,121768,121770,121772,121774,121776],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121767,2659],{"class":54},[44,121769,2662],{"class":1436},[44,121771,360],{"class":278},[44,121773,1560],{"class":282},[44,121775,351],{"class":278},[44,121777,2671],{"class":54},[20,121779,121780],{},"Notice:",[165,121782,121783,121789,121794],{},[168,121784,121785,121788],{},[15,121786,121787],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[168,121790,121791,121793],{},[15,121792,45823],{}," only displayed values",[168,121795,121796,121798,121799,121801,121802,60670,121804],{},[15,121797,45823],{}," did not change ",[15,121800,1188],{}," from ",[15,121803,1560],{},[15,121805,2812],{},[20,121807,121808,121809,86],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[184,121810,121811,1676],{"href":45820},[15,121812,45823],{},[30,121814,121816,525,121818,121821],{"id":121815},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121817,47055],{},[15,121819,121820],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121823,121824],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[165,121826,121827,121832],{},[168,121828,121829,121831],{},[15,121830,47055],{}," is the more readable text version",[168,121833,121834,121836],{},[15,121835,121820],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121838,121839,121840,121842],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121841,47055],{}," much more often.",[20,121844,121845,121846,121848],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121847,47055],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,121850,3892],{"id":3891},[693,121852,25141,121854,121856],{"id":121853},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,121855,47055],{}," changes the original variable",[20,121858,121859,121861],{},[15,121860,47055],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,121863,121865],{"className":37,"code":121864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121866,121867,121875,121889,121893,121903,121917,121927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121868,121869,121871,121873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121870,20995],{"class":50},[44,121872,55],{"class":54},[44,121874,44596],{"class":62},[44,121876,121877,121879,121881,121883,121885,121887],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121878,34054],{"class":50},[44,121880,55],{"class":54},[44,121882,48276],{"class":909},[44,121884,93],{"class":58},[44,121886,8677],{"class":89},[44,121888,99],{"class":58},[44,121890,121891],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121892,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,121894,121895,121897,121899,121901],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121896,106],{"class":105},[44,121898,93],{"class":58},[44,121900,8677],{"class":89},[44,121902,99],{"class":58},[44,121904,121905,121907,121909,121911,121913,121915],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121906,106],{"class":105},[44,121908,93],{"class":58},[44,121910,1090],{"class":909},[44,121912,93],{"class":58},[44,121914,8677],{"class":89},[44,121916,973],{"class":58},[44,121918,121919,121921,121923,121925],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,121920,106],{"class":105},[44,121922,93],{"class":58},[44,121924,34075],{"class":89},[44,121926,99],{"class":58},[44,121928,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,121930,106],{"class":105},[44,121932,93],{"class":58},[44,121934,1090],{"class":909},[44,121936,93],{"class":58},[44,121938,34075],{"class":89},[44,121940,973],{"class":58},[20,121942,121943],{},[116,121944,118],{},[35,121946,121948],{"className":37,"code":121947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121949,121950,121954,121968,121972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121951,121952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121953,2080],{"class":62},[44,121955,121956,121958,121960,121962,121964,121966],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,121957,2659],{"class":54},[44,121959,2662],{"class":1436},[44,121961,360],{"class":278},[44,121963,1560],{"class":282},[44,121965,351],{"class":278},[44,121967,2671],{"class":54},[44,121969,121970],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121971,2080],{"class":62},[44,121973,121974,121976,121978,121980,121982,121984],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,121975,2659],{"class":54},[44,121977,2662],{"class":1436},[44,121979,360],{"class":278},[44,121981,2812],{"class":282},[44,121983,351],{"class":278},[44,121985,2671],{"class":54},[693,121987,121989],{"id":121988},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,121991,6064],{},[35,121993,121995],{"className":37,"code":121994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,121996,121997,122005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121998,121999,122001,122003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122000,20995],{"class":50},[44,122002,55],{"class":54},[44,122004,44596],{"class":62},[44,122006,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122008,34054],{"class":50},[44,122010,55],{"class":54},[44,122012,48276],{"class":909},[44,122014,93],{"class":58},[44,122016,8677],{"class":89},[44,122018,99],{"class":58},[20,122020,122021],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,122023,122025],{"className":37,"code":122024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122026,122027,122035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122028,122029,122031,122033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122030,20995],{"class":50},[44,122032,55],{"class":54},[44,122034,44596],{"class":62},[44,122036,122037,122039,122041,122043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122038,2812],{"class":909},[44,122040,93],{"class":58},[44,122042,8677],{"class":89},[44,122044,99],{"class":58},[20,122046,122047],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[693,122049,1123,122051,122053],{"id":122050},"using-str-too-early",[15,122052,47055],{}," too early",[20,122055,122056],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,122058,122060],{"className":37,"code":122059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122061,122062,122070,122085,122089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122063,122064,122066,122068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122065,39756],{"class":50},[44,122067,55],{"class":54},[44,122069,1958],{"class":62},[44,122071,122072,122075,122077,122079,122081,122083],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122073,122074],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,122076,55],{"class":54},[44,122078,48276],{"class":909},[44,122080,93],{"class":58},[44,122082,24516],{"class":89},[44,122084,99],{"class":58},[44,122086,122087],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122088,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,122090,122091],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,122092,122093],{"class":3034},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122095,122096,122097,188,122101,122105],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[184,122098,122099],{"href":2245},[15,122100,2248],{},[184,122102,122103],{"href":2251},[15,122104,2254],{},", depending on the situation.",[693,122107,1129,122109,122112],{"id":122108},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122110,122111],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122114,64012],{},[35,122116,122118],{"className":37,"code":122117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122119,122120,122152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128,122130,122132,122134,122136,122138,122140,122142,122144,122146,122148,122150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122123,904],{"class":50},[44,122125,55],{"class":54},[44,122127,2992],{"class":58},[44,122129,279],{"class":278},[44,122131,3450],{"class":282},[44,122133,279],{"class":278},[44,122135,66],{"class":58},[44,122137,290],{"class":278},[44,122139,3459],{"class":282},[44,122141,279],{"class":278},[44,122143,66],{"class":58},[44,122145,290],{"class":278},[44,122147,32586],{"class":282},[44,122149,279],{"class":278},[44,122151,3005],{"class":58},[44,122153,122154,122156,122158,122160,122162,122164],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122155,106],{"class":105},[44,122157,93],{"class":58},[44,122159,2812],{"class":909},[44,122161,93],{"class":58},[44,122163,922],{"class":89},[44,122165,973],{"class":58},[20,122167,122168],{},"prints:",[35,122170,122171],{"className":37,"code":72204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122172,122173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122174,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197,122199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122176,3270],{"class":58},[44,122178,351],{"class":278},[44,122180,3450],{"class":282},[44,122182,351],{"class":278},[44,122184,66],{"class":58},[44,122186,360],{"class":278},[44,122188,3459],{"class":282},[44,122190,351],{"class":278},[44,122192,66],{"class":58},[44,122194,360],{"class":278},[44,122196,32586],{"class":282},[44,122198,351],{"class":278},[44,122200,3005],{"class":58},[20,122202,122203],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,122205,722],{"id":721},[20,122207,122208,21342,122210,86],{},[15,122209,47055],{},[116,122211,122212],{},"new string",[20,122214,220],{},[165,122216,122217,122220,122223],{},[168,122218,122219],{},"It always returns a string",[168,122221,122222],{},"It does not modify the original object",[168,122224,7141,122225,122229],{},[184,122226,122227],{"href":1672},[15,122228,1675],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122231,894],{},[35,122233,122235],{"className":37,"code":122234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122236,122237,122245,122260,122264,122275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122238,122239,122241,122243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122240,1819],{"class":50},[44,122242,55],{"class":54},[44,122244,13502],{"class":62},[44,122246,122247,122250,122252,122254,122256,122258],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122248,122249],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,122251,55],{"class":54},[44,122253,48276],{"class":909},[44,122255,93],{"class":58},[44,122257,1188],{"class":89},[44,122259,99],{"class":58},[44,122261,122262],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122263,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,122265,122266,122268,122270,122273],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,122267,106],{"class":105},[44,122269,93],{"class":58},[44,122271,122272],{"class":89},"converted",[44,122274,99],{"class":58},[44,122276,122277,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,122278,106],{"class":105},[44,122280,93],{"class":58},[44,122282,1090],{"class":909},[44,122284,93],{"class":58},[44,122286,122272],{"class":89},[44,122288,973],{"class":58},[20,122290,122291],{},[116,122292,118],{},[35,122294,122296],{"className":37,"code":122295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122297,122298,122303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122299,122300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122301,122302],{"class":62},"99\n",[44,122304,122305,122307,122309,122311,122313,122315],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122306,2659],{"class":54},[44,122308,2662],{"class":1436},[44,122310,360],{"class":278},[44,122312,2812],{"class":282},[44,122314,351],{"class":278},[44,122316,2671],{"class":54},[30,122318,112978],{"id":112977},[20,122320,122321,122322,74183],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122323,47055],{},[165,122325,122326,122329,122332,122337],{},[168,122327,122328],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[168,122330,122331],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[168,122333,1123,122334,122336],{},[15,122335,47055],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[168,122338,122339],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122341,122342,122343,86],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[184,122344,25046,122345],{"href":89772},[15,122346,89773],{},[30,122348,122350],{"id":122349},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122352,122353],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,122355,122357],{"className":37,"code":122356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122358,122359,122367,122371,122381,122395,122399,122413,122423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122360,122361,122363,122365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122362,1819],{"class":50},[44,122364,55],{"class":54},[44,122366,44596],{"class":62},[44,122368,122369],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122370,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,122372,122373,122375,122377,122379],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122374,106],{"class":105},[44,122376,93],{"class":58},[44,122378,1188],{"class":89},[44,122380,99],{"class":58},[44,122382,122383,122385,122387,122389,122391,122393],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,122384,106],{"class":105},[44,122386,93],{"class":58},[44,122388,1090],{"class":909},[44,122390,93],{"class":58},[44,122392,1188],{"class":89},[44,122394,973],{"class":58},[44,122396,122397],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,122398,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,122400,122401,122403,122405,122407,122409,122411],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,122402,122249],{"class":50},[44,122404,55],{"class":54},[44,122406,48276],{"class":909},[44,122408,93],{"class":58},[44,122410,1188],{"class":89},[44,122412,99],{"class":58},[44,122414,122415,122417,122419,122421],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,122416,106],{"class":105},[44,122418,93],{"class":58},[44,122420,122272],{"class":89},[44,122422,99],{"class":58},[44,122424,122425,122427,122429,122431,122433,122435],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,122426,106],{"class":105},[44,122428,93],{"class":58},[44,122430,1090],{"class":909},[44,122432,93],{"class":58},[44,122434,122272],{"class":89},[44,122436,973],{"class":58},[20,122438,122439,122440,1561,122442,122444,122445,86],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122441,1560],{},[15,122443,1564],{},", or another type into ",[15,122446,2812],{},[30,122448,1235],{"id":1234},[693,122450,4516,122452,4519],{"id":122451},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122453,47055],{},[20,122455,122456],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[693,122458,1239,122460,122462],{"id":122459},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122461,47055],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122464,122465],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[693,122467,4544,122469,122471],{"id":122468},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122470,47055],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122473,122474],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[693,122476,93958,122478,122480],{"id":122477},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122479,47055],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122482,122483],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[693,122485,14274,122487,56574,122489,1863],{"id":122486},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122488,47055],{},[15,122490,45823],{},[20,122492,45736,122493,122495,122496,122498],{},[15,122494,47055],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122497,45823],{}," shows output.",[30,122500,1279],{"id":1278},[165,122502,122503,122509,122515,122521,122527,122536,122540],{},[168,122504,122505],{},[184,122506,122507,2878],{"href":45820},[15,122508,45823],{},[168,122510,122511],{},[184,122512,122513,2878],{"href":1672},[15,122514,1675],{},[168,122516,122517],{},[184,122518,122519,2878],{"href":2245},[15,122520,2248],{},[168,122522,122523],{},[184,122524,122525,2878],{"href":2251},[15,122526,2254],{},[168,122528,122529],{},[184,122530,122532,122533,122535],{"href":122531},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122534,1560],{}," to string in Python",[168,122537,122538],{},[184,122539,90050],{"href":89059},[168,122541,122542],{},[184,122543,29713,122544],{"href":89772},[15,122545,89773],{},[1304,122547,122548],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":122550},[122551,122552,122554,122555,122561,122563,122565,122567,122576,122577,122578,122579,122591],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":120969,"depth":80,"text":122553},"What str() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":121136,"depth":80,"text":121137,"children":122556},[122557,122558,122559,122560],{"id":121140,"depth":102,"text":121141},{"id":121226,"depth":102,"text":121227},{"id":121313,"depth":102,"text":121314},{"id":121399,"depth":102,"text":121400},{"id":121515,"depth":80,"text":122562},"When to use str()",{"id":121646,"depth":80,"text":122564},"str() vs print()",{"id":121815,"depth":80,"text":122566},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":122568},[122569,122571,122572,122574],{"id":121853,"depth":102,"text":122570},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":121988,"depth":102,"text":121989},{"id":122050,"depth":102,"text":122573},"Using str() too early",{"id":122108,"depth":102,"text":122575},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":112977,"depth":80,"text":112978},{"id":122349,"depth":80,"text":122350},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":122580},[122581,122583,122585,122587,122589],{"id":122451,"depth":102,"text":122582},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122459,"depth":102,"text":122584},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122468,"depth":102,"text":122586},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122477,"depth":102,"text":122588},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122486,"depth":102,"text":122590},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41545,"description":122592},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122599,"title":122600,"body":122601,"description":124054,"extension":1334,"meta":124055,"navigation":322,"path":124056,"seo":124057,"stem":124058,"__hash__":124059},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122602,"toc":124016},[122603,122609,122615,122618,122640,122642,122704,122706,122719,122725,122730,122735,122737,122750,122761,122763,122790,122792,122809,122816,122827,122829,122834,122836,122848,122856,122865,122867,122870,122923,122925,122933,122941,122945,122950,122990,122992,123000,123003,123005,123045,123047,123055,123065,123071,123074,123147,123149,123162,123166,123171,123199,123202,123237,123239,123247,123250,123254,123258,123260,123276,123278,123318,123320,123328,123337,123380,123382,123390,123392,123396,123402,123405,123445,123447,123455,123460,123463,123506,123510,123513,123548,123553,123555,123594,123604,123612,123622,123630,123634,123639,123641,123682,123684,123692,123697,123700,123703,123721,123727,123731,123736,123739,123779,123781,123786,123885,123888,123904,123906,123925,123927,123934,123937,123943,123946,123952,123956,123962,123965,123971,123974,123976,124013],[10,122604,122606,122607,18],{"id":122605},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122608,56659],{},[20,122610,122611,122612,122614],{},"The Python string ",[15,122613,56659],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122616,122617],{},"This reference page explains:",[165,122619,122620,122624,122627,122629,122637],{},[168,122621,25386,122622,158],{},[15,122623,56659],{},[168,122625,122626],{},"its syntax",[168,122628,34762],{},[168,122630,122631,122632,3766,122634,122636],{},"how ",[15,122633,35441],{},[15,122635,52032],{}," work",[168,122638,122639],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,122641,33],{"id":32},[35,122643,122645],{"className":37,"code":122644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122646,122647,122659,122681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122648,122649,122651,122653,122655,122657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122650,34054],{"class":50},[44,122652,55],{"class":54},[44,122654,290],{"class":278},[44,122656,3459],{"class":282},[44,122658,2727],{"class":278},[44,122660,122661,122663,122665,122667,122669,122671,122673,122675,122677,122679],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122662,106],{"class":105},[44,122664,93],{"class":58},[44,122666,34075],{"class":89},[44,122668,86],{"class":58},[44,122670,40628],{"class":89},[44,122672,93],{"class":58},[44,122674,279],{"class":278},[44,122676,184],{"class":282},[44,122678,279],{"class":278},[44,122680,973],{"class":58},[44,122682,122683,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693,122695,122697,122700,122702],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122684,106],{"class":105},[44,122686,93],{"class":58},[44,122688,34075],{"class":89},[44,122690,86],{"class":58},[44,122692,40628],{"class":89},[44,122694,93],{"class":58},[44,122696,279],{"class":278},[44,122698,122699],{"class":282},"na",[44,122701,279],{"class":278},[44,122703,973],{"class":58},[20,122705,118],{},[35,122707,122709],{"className":37,"code":122708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,122710,122711,122715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122712,122713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122714,45988],{"class":62},[44,122716,122717],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122718,16425],{"class":62},[20,122720,148,122721,122724],{},[15,122722,122723],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,122726,12369,122728,12372],{"id":122727},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122729,56659],{},[20,122731,122732,122734],{},[15,122733,56659],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122736,12425],{},[165,122738,122739,122742,122745,122747],{},[168,122740,122741],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[168,122743,122744],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[168,122746,43028],{},[168,122748,122749],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122751,122752,122753,122755,122756,1561,122758,122760],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122754,17462],{}," characters are in ",[15,122757,64643],{},[15,122759,56659],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,122762,196],{"id":195},[35,122764,122766],{"className":37,"code":122765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122767,122768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122769,122770,122772,122774,122776,122778,122780,122782,122784,122786,122788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122771,60543],{"class":50},[44,122773,86],{"class":58},[44,122775,40628],{"class":89},[44,122777,93],{"class":58},[44,122779,1188],{"class":89},[44,122781,66],{"class":58},[44,122783,35420],{"class":89},[44,122785,66],{"class":58},[44,122787,64409],{"class":89},[44,122789,99],{"class":58},[693,122791,16764],{"id":16763},[165,122793,122794,122799,122804],{},[168,122795,122796,122798],{},[15,122797,1188],{},": the text to search for",[168,122800,122801,122803],{},[15,122802,35441],{},": optional; where counting begins",[168,122805,122806,122808],{},[15,122807,52032],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122810,122811,3766,122813,122815],{},[15,122812,35441],{},[15,122814,52032],{}," work like slice positions:",[165,122817,122818,122823],{},[168,122819,122820,122822],{},[15,122821,35441],{}," is included",[168,122824,122825,75109],{},[15,122826,52032],{},[30,122828,722],{"id":721},[20,122830,122831,122833],{},[15,122832,56659],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122835,1497],{},[165,122837,122838,122843],{},[168,122839,122840,122841],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122842,1433],{},[168,122844,122845,122846],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122847,1491],{},[20,122849,40274,122850,4535,122852,188,122854,86],{},[116,122851,736],{},[15,122853,987],{},[15,122855,3045],{},[20,122857,122858,122859,122864],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[184,122860,122862,100852],{"href":122861},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,122863,3253],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,122866,258],{"id":257},[20,122868,122869],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,122871,122873],{"className":37,"code":122872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,122874,122875,122887,122909,122913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122876,122877,122879,122881,122883,122885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122878,34054],{"class":50},[44,122880,55],{"class":54},[44,122882,290],{"class":278},[44,122884,3450],{"class":282},[44,122886,2727],{"class":278},[44,122888,122889,122891,122893,122895,122897,122899,122901,122903,122905,122907],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122890,1602],{"class":50},[44,122892,55],{"class":54},[44,122894,42211],{"class":50},[44,122896,86],{"class":58},[44,122898,40628],{"class":89},[44,122900,93],{"class":58},[44,122902,279],{"class":278},[44,122904,20],{"class":282},[44,122906,279],{"class":278},[44,122908,99],{"class":58},[44,122910,122911],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122912,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,122914,122915,122917,122919,122921],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,122916,106],{"class":105},[44,122918,93],{"class":58},[44,122920,1637],{"class":89},[44,122922,99],{"class":58},[20,122924,118],{},[35,122926,122927],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122928,122929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122930,122931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122932,16425],{"class":62},[20,122934,63188,122935,122938,122939,86],{},[15,122936,122937],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,122940,57202],{},[30,122942,122944],{"id":122943},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,122946,122947,122949],{},[15,122948,56659],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,122951,122953],{"className":37,"code":122952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,122954,122955,122968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122956,122957,122959,122961,122963,122966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122958,34054],{"class":50},[44,122960,55],{"class":54},[44,122962,290],{"class":278},[44,122964,122965],{"class":282},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,122967,2727],{"class":278},[44,122969,122970,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984,122986,122988],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,122971,106],{"class":105},[44,122973,93],{"class":58},[44,122975,34075],{"class":89},[44,122977,86],{"class":58},[44,122979,40628],{"class":89},[44,122981,93],{"class":58},[44,122983,279],{"class":278},[44,122985,36415],{"class":282},[44,122987,279],{"class":278},[44,122989,973],{"class":58},[20,122991,118],{},[35,122993,122994],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122995,122996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122997,122998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122999,45988],{"class":62},[20,123001,123002],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123004,894],{},[35,123006,123008],{"className":37,"code":123007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123009,123010,123023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123011,123012,123014,123016,123018,123021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123013,34054],{"class":50},[44,123015,55],{"class":54},[44,123017,290],{"class":278},[44,123019,123020],{"class":282},"one One one",[44,123022,2727],{"class":278},[44,123024,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123026,106],{"class":105},[44,123028,93],{"class":58},[44,123030,34075],{"class":89},[44,123032,86],{"class":58},[44,123034,40628],{"class":89},[44,123036,93],{"class":58},[44,123038,279],{"class":278},[44,123040,5961],{"class":282},[44,123042,279],{"class":278},[44,123044,973],{"class":58},[20,123046,118],{},[35,123048,123049],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123050,123051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123052,123053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123054,16425],{"class":62},[20,123056,123057,123058,123061,123062,123064],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123059,123060],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123063,56659],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,123066,1123,123067,3766,123069],{"id":64775},[15,123068,35441],{},[15,123070,52032],{},[20,123072,123073],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,123075,123077],{"className":37,"code":123076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123078,123079,123091,123117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123080,123081,123083,123085,123087,123089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123082,34054],{"class":50},[44,123084,55],{"class":54},[44,123086,290],{"class":278},[44,123088,3459],{"class":282},[44,123090,2727],{"class":278},[44,123092,123093,123095,123097,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109,123111,123113,123115],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123094,106],{"class":105},[44,123096,93],{"class":58},[44,123098,34075],{"class":89},[44,123100,86],{"class":58},[44,123102,40628],{"class":89},[44,123104,93],{"class":58},[44,123106,279],{"class":278},[44,123108,184],{"class":282},[44,123110,279],{"class":278},[44,123112,66],{"class":58},[44,123114,69],{"class":62},[44,123116,973],{"class":58},[44,123118,123119,123121,123123,123125,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139,123141,123143,123145],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123120,106],{"class":105},[44,123122,93],{"class":58},[44,123124,34075],{"class":89},[44,123126,86],{"class":58},[44,123128,40628],{"class":89},[44,123130,93],{"class":58},[44,123132,279],{"class":278},[44,123134,184],{"class":282},[44,123136,279],{"class":278},[44,123138,66],{"class":58},[44,123140,69],{"class":62},[44,123142,66],{"class":58},[44,123144,1064],{"class":62},[44,123146,973],{"class":58},[20,123148,118],{},[35,123150,123152],{"className":37,"code":123151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,123153,123154,123158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123155,123156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123157,16425],{"class":62},[44,123159,123160],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123161,46288],{"class":62},[693,123163,123165],{"id":123164},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123167,123168,123169,1084],{},"In ",[15,123170,64643],{},[165,123172,123173,123181,123189],{},[168,123174,70334,123175,123177,123178],{},[15,123176,472],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123179,123180],{},"\"n\"",[168,123182,123183,123186,123187,75407],{},[15,123184,123185],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123188,472],{},[168,123190,123191,123186,123194,123196,123197],{},[15,123192,123193],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123195,472],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123198,1508],{},[20,123200,123201],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,123203,123205],{"className":37,"code":123204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123206,123207,123219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123208,123209,123211,123213,123215,123217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123210,34054],{"class":50},[44,123212,55],{"class":54},[44,123214,290],{"class":278},[44,123216,3459],{"class":282},[44,123218,2727],{"class":278},[44,123220,123221,123223,123225,123227,123229,123231,123233,123235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123222,106],{"class":105},[44,123224,93],{"class":58},[44,123226,34075],{"class":89},[44,123228,3270],{"class":58},[44,123230,472],{"class":62},[44,123232,1084],{"class":58},[44,123234,1508],{"class":62},[44,123236,677],{"class":58},[20,123238,118],{},[35,123240,123241],{"className":37,"code":40837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123242,123243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123244,123245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123246,40837],{"class":50},[20,123248,123249],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,123251,123253],{"id":123252},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123255,123256,123064],{},[15,123257,56659],{},[20,123259,1478],{},[165,123261,123262,123270],{},[168,123263,123264,3766,123266,123269],{},[15,123265,17462],{},[15,123267,123268],{},"\"A\""," are different",[168,123271,123272,3766,123274,123269],{},[15,123273,63903],{},[15,123275,89785],{},[20,123277,894],{},[35,123279,123281],{"className":37,"code":123280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123282,123283,123296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123284,123285,123287,123289,123291,123294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123286,34054],{"class":50},[44,123288,55],{"class":54},[44,123290,290],{"class":278},[44,123292,123293],{"class":282},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,123295,2727],{"class":278},[44,123297,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312,123314,123316],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123299,106],{"class":105},[44,123301,93],{"class":58},[44,123303,34075],{"class":89},[44,123305,86],{"class":58},[44,123307,40628],{"class":89},[44,123309,93],{"class":58},[44,123311,279],{"class":278},[44,123313,3450],{"class":282},[44,123315,279],{"class":278},[44,123317,973],{"class":58},[20,123319,118],{},[35,123321,123322],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123323,123324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123325,123326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123327,46288],{"class":62},[20,123329,123330,123331,1084],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[184,123332,123334],{"href":123333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123335,123336],{},"lower()",[35,123338,123340],{"className":37,"code":123339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123341,123342,123354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123343,123344,123346,123348,123350,123352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123345,34054],{"class":50},[44,123347,55],{"class":54},[44,123349,290],{"class":278},[44,123351,123293],{"class":282},[44,123353,2727],{"class":278},[44,123355,123356,123358,123360,123362,123364,123366,123368,123370,123372,123374,123376,123378],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123357,106],{"class":105},[44,123359,93],{"class":58},[44,123361,34075],{"class":89},[44,123363,86],{"class":58},[44,123365,8018],{"class":89},[44,123367,8015],{"class":58},[44,123369,40628],{"class":89},[44,123371,93],{"class":58},[44,123373,279],{"class":278},[44,123375,3450],{"class":282},[44,123377,279],{"class":278},[44,123379,973],{"class":58},[20,123381,118],{},[35,123383,123384],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123385,123386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123387,123388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123389,45988],{"class":62},[30,123391,1113],{"id":1112},[20,123393,22462,123394,86],{},[15,123395,56659],{},[693,123397,1129,123399,123401],{"id":123398},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123400,56659],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123403,123404],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,123406,123408],{"className":37,"code":123407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123409,123410,123423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123411,123412,123414,123416,123418,123421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123413,34054],{"class":50},[44,123415,55],{"class":54},[44,123417,290],{"class":278},[44,123419,123420],{"class":282},"Aardvark",[44,123422,2727],{"class":278},[44,123424,123425,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435,123437,123439,123441,123443],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123426,106],{"class":105},[44,123428,93],{"class":58},[44,123430,34075],{"class":89},[44,123432,86],{"class":58},[44,123434,40628],{"class":89},[44,123436,93],{"class":58},[44,123438,279],{"class":278},[44,123440,184],{"class":282},[44,123442,279],{"class":278},[44,123444,973],{"class":58},[20,123446,118],{},[35,123448,123449],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123450,123451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123452,123453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123454,16425],{"class":62},[20,123456,123057,123457,123459],{},[15,123458,123268],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123461,123462],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,123464,123466],{"className":37,"code":123465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123467,123468,123480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123469,123470,123472,123474,123476,123478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123471,34054],{"class":50},[44,123473,55],{"class":54},[44,123475,290],{"class":278},[44,123477,123420],{"class":282},[44,123479,2727],{"class":278},[44,123481,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494,123496,123498,123500,123502,123504],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123483,106],{"class":105},[44,123485,93],{"class":58},[44,123487,34075],{"class":89},[44,123489,86],{"class":58},[44,123491,8018],{"class":89},[44,123493,8015],{"class":58},[44,123495,40628],{"class":89},[44,123497,93],{"class":58},[44,123499,279],{"class":278},[44,123501,184],{"class":282},[44,123503,279],{"class":278},[44,123505,973],{"class":58},[693,123507,123509],{"id":123508},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123511,123512],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,123514,123516],{"className":37,"code":123515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123517,123518,123530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123519,123520,123522,123524,123526,123528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123521,34054],{"class":50},[44,123523,55],{"class":54},[44,123525,290],{"class":278},[44,123527,3459],{"class":282},[44,123529,2727],{"class":278},[44,123531,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544,123546],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123533,106],{"class":105},[44,123535,93],{"class":58},[44,123537,34075],{"class":89},[44,123539,86],{"class":58},[44,123541,40628],{"class":89},[44,123543,93],{"class":58},[44,123545,184],{"class":89},[44,123547,973],{"class":58},[20,123549,123550,123551,86],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123552,184],{},[20,123554,10183],{},[35,123556,123558],{"className":37,"code":123557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123559,123560,123572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123561,123562,123564,123566,123568,123570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123563,34054],{"class":50},[44,123565,55],{"class":54},[44,123567,290],{"class":278},[44,123569,3459],{"class":282},[44,123571,2727],{"class":278},[44,123573,123574,123576,123578,123580,123582,123584,123586,123588,123590,123592],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123575,106],{"class":105},[44,123577,93],{"class":58},[44,123579,34075],{"class":89},[44,123581,86],{"class":58},[44,123583,40628],{"class":89},[44,123585,93],{"class":58},[44,123587,279],{"class":278},[44,123589,184],{"class":282},[44,123591,279],{"class":278},[44,123593,973],{"class":58},[693,123595,1138,123597,8082,123599,188,123602],{"id":123596},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123598,56659],{},[15,123600,123601],{},"find()",[15,123603,58337],{},[20,123605,148,123606,123608,123609,86],{},[15,123607,56659],{}," when you need the ",[116,123610,123611],{},"number of matches",[20,123613,148,123614,123608,123619,123621],{},[184,123615,123617],{"href":123616},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123618,123601],{},[116,123620,64315],{}," of the first match.",[20,123623,148,123624,123629],{},[184,123625,123627],{"href":123626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123628,58337],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[693,123631,123633],{"id":123632},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123635,123636,123638],{},[15,123637,56659],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123640,894],{},[35,123642,123644],{"className":37,"code":123643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123645,123646,123659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123647,123648,123650,123652,123654,123657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123649,34054],{"class":50},[44,123651,55],{"class":54},[44,123653,290],{"class":278},[44,123655,123656],{"class":282},"aaaa",[44,123658,2727],{"class":278},[44,123660,123661,123663,123665,123667,123669,123671,123673,123675,123678,123680],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123662,106],{"class":105},[44,123664,93],{"class":58},[44,123666,34075],{"class":89},[44,123668,86],{"class":58},[44,123670,40628],{"class":89},[44,123672,93],{"class":58},[44,123674,279],{"class":278},[44,123676,123677],{"class":282},"aa",[44,123679,279],{"class":278},[44,123681,973],{"class":58},[20,123683,118],{},[35,123685,123686],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123687,123688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123689,123690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123691,16425],{"class":62},[20,123693,123694,123695,86],{},"It does not return ",[15,123696,1433],{},[20,123698,123699],{},"Why not?",[20,123701,123702],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[165,123704,123705,123714],{},[168,123706,123707,123710,123711],{},[15,123708,123709],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123712,123713],{},"0-1",[168,123715,123716,123710,123718],{},[15,123717,123709],{},[15,123719,123720],{},"2-3",[20,123722,123723,123724,86],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123725,123726],{},"1-2",[30,123728,4334,123729],{"id":57742},[15,123730,56659],{},[20,123732,148,123733,123735],{},[15,123734,56659],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123737,123738],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[165,123740,123741,123750,123760,123770],{},[168,123742,148,123743,123745,123746,123749],{},[15,123744,56659],{}," when you need ",[116,123747,123748],{},"how many times"," something appears",[168,123751,148,123752,123745,123756,123759],{},[184,123753,123754],{"href":123616},[15,123755,123601],{},[116,123757,123758],{},"where"," it appears",[168,123761,47182,123762,123766,123767],{},[184,123763,123764,100852],{"href":122861},[15,123765,3253],{}," when you only need to know ",[116,123768,123769],{},"if it exists",[168,123771,148,123772,123778],{},[184,123773,123775],{"href":123774},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123776,123777],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[30,123780,25309],{"id":25308},[20,123782,8253,123783,123785],{},[15,123784,56659],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,123787,123789],{"className":37,"code":123788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123790,123791,123801,123815,123837,123863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123792,123793,123795,123797,123799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123794,106],{"class":105},[44,123796,93],{"class":58},[44,123798,34075],{"class":89},[44,123800,99],{"class":58},[44,123802,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,123804,106],{"class":105},[44,123806,93],{"class":58},[44,123808,1090],{"class":909},[44,123810,93],{"class":58},[44,123812,34075],{"class":89},[44,123814,973],{"class":58},[44,123816,123817,123819,123821,123823,123825,123827,123829,123831,123833,123835],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123818,106],{"class":105},[44,123820,93],{"class":58},[44,123822,34075],{"class":89},[44,123824,86],{"class":58},[44,123826,40628],{"class":89},[44,123828,93],{"class":58},[44,123830,279],{"class":278},[44,123832,184],{"class":282},[44,123834,279],{"class":278},[44,123836,973],{"class":58},[44,123838,123839,123841,123843,123845,123847,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,123840,106],{"class":105},[44,123842,93],{"class":58},[44,123844,34075],{"class":89},[44,123846,86],{"class":58},[44,123848,8018],{"class":89},[44,123850,8015],{"class":58},[44,123852,40628],{"class":89},[44,123854,93],{"class":58},[44,123856,279],{"class":278},[44,123858,184],{"class":282},[44,123860,279],{"class":278},[44,123862,973],{"class":58},[44,123864,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,123866,106],{"class":105},[44,123868,93],{"class":58},[44,123870,34075],{"class":89},[44,123872,86],{"class":58},[44,123874,40628],{"class":89},[44,123876,93],{"class":58},[44,123878,279],{"class":278},[44,123880,122699],{"class":282},[44,123882,279],{"class":278},[44,123884,973],{"class":58},[20,123886,123887],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[165,123889,123890,123893,123898,123901],{},[168,123891,123892],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[168,123894,123895,123897],{},[15,123896,34075],{}," not being a string",[168,123899,123900],{},"counting the wrong substring",[168,123902,123903],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,123905,58231],{},[165,123907,123908,123911,123914,123917],{},[168,123909,123910],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[168,123912,123913],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[168,123915,123916],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[168,123918,49864,123919,44000,123921,188,123923,72679],{},[15,123920,56659],{},[15,123922,123601],{},[15,123924,3253],{},[30,123926,1235],{"id":1234},[693,123928,123930,123931,123933],{"id":123929},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,123932,56659],{}," change the original string?",[20,123935,123936],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[693,123938,14274,123940,123942],{"id":123939},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,123941,56659],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,123944,123945],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[693,123947,4516,123949,123951],{"id":123948},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,123950,56659],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,123953,4522,123954,86],{},[15,123955,1491],{},[693,123957,4544,123959,123961],{"id":123958},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,123960,56659],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,123963,123964],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[693,123966,1239,123968,123970],{"id":123967},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,123969,56659],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,123972,123973],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,123975,1279],{"id":1278},[165,123977,123978,123985,123992,123999,124006],{},[168,123979,123980],{},[184,123981,123982],{"href":123616},[15,123983,123984],{},"Python string find() method",[168,123986,123987],{},[184,123988,123989],{"href":123626},[15,123990,123991],{},"Python string index() method",[168,123993,123994],{},[184,123995,123996],{"href":123333},[15,123997,123998],{},"Python string lower() method",[168,124000,124001],{},[184,124002,124003],{"href":122861},[15,124004,124005],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[168,124007,124008],{},[184,124009,124010],{"href":123774},[15,124011,124012],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1304,124014,124015],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":124017},[124018,124019,124021,124024,124025,124026,124027,124030,124031,124039,124040,124041,124053],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":122727,"depth":80,"text":124020},"What the count() method does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":124022},[124023],{"id":16763,"depth":102,"text":16764},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":122943,"depth":80,"text":122944},{"id":64775,"depth":80,"text":65558,"children":124028},[124029],{"id":123164,"depth":102,"text":123165},{"id":123252,"depth":80,"text":123253},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":124032},[124033,124035,124036,124038],{"id":123398,"depth":102,"text":124034},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123508,"depth":102,"text":123509},{"id":123596,"depth":102,"text":124037},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123632,"depth":102,"text":123633},{"id":57742,"depth":80,"text":58373},{"id":25308,"depth":80,"text":25309},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":124042},[124043,124045,124047,124049,124051],{"id":123929,"depth":102,"text":124044},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":123939,"depth":102,"text":124046},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":123948,"depth":102,"text":124048},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":123958,"depth":102,"text":124050},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":123967,"depth":102,"text":124052},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122600,"description":124054},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124061,"title":124062,"body":124063,"description":125648,"extension":1334,"meta":125649,"navigation":322,"path":125650,"seo":125651,"stem":125652,"__hash__":125653},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124064,"toc":125621},[124065,124068,124071,124168,124177,124179,124198,124202,124205,124208,124221,124224,124253,124258,124263,124321,124323,124356,124362,124366,124369,124372,124401,124404,124431,124434,124437,124441,124444,124451,124514,124516,124534,124537,124541,124544,124547,124589,124592,124636,124639,124642,124646,124651,124654,124697,124699,124722,124725,124758,124761,124810,124820,124824,124827,124830,124859,124862,124873,124875,124934,124937,124941,124944,124947,124962,124971,124974,125008,125011,125038,125041,125048,125050,125053,125055,125058,125072,125081,125083,125110,125114,125117,125131,125134,125193,125197,125200,125227,125230,125257,125265,125268,125328,125330,125363,125367,125370,125389,125394,125443,125448,125450,125453,125512,125530,125532,125536,125544,125548,125551,125555,125561,125565,125575,125579,125582,125584,125618],[10,124066,124062],{"id":124067},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124069,124070],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,124072,124074],{"className":37,"code":124073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124075,124076,124088,124100,124109,124123,124127,124137,124147,124158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124077,124078,124080,124082,124084,124086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124079,7254],{"class":50},[44,124081,55],{"class":54},[44,124083,290],{"class":278},[44,124085,4377],{"class":282},[44,124087,2727],{"class":278},[44,124089,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124091,89374],{"class":50},[44,124093,55],{"class":54},[44,124095,360],{"class":278},[44,124097,34234],{"class":282},[44,124099,1100],{"class":278},[44,124101,124102,124105,124107],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124103,124104],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,124106,55],{"class":54},[44,124108,7259],{"class":278},[44,124110,124111,124113,124115,124117,124119,124121],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,124112,34054],{"class":50},[44,124114,55],{"class":54},[44,124116,48276],{"class":909},[44,124118,93],{"class":58},[44,124120,49618],{"class":62},[44,124122,99],{"class":58},[44,124124,124125],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124126,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,124128,124129,124131,124133,124135],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,124130,106],{"class":105},[44,124132,93],{"class":58},[44,124134,7046],{"class":89},[44,124136,99],{"class":58},[44,124138,124139,124141,124143,124145],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,124140,106],{"class":105},[44,124142,93],{"class":58},[44,124144,89391],{"class":89},[44,124146,99],{"class":58},[44,124148,124149,124151,124153,124156],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,124150,106],{"class":105},[44,124152,93],{"class":58},[44,124154,124155],{"class":89},"empty",[44,124157,99],{"class":58},[44,124159,124160,124162,124164,124166],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,124161,106],{"class":105},[44,124163,93],{"class":58},[44,124165,34075],{"class":89},[44,124167,99],{"class":58},[20,124169,124170,124173,124174,124176],{},[116,124171,124172],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124175,47055],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,124178,14533],{"id":14532},[165,124180,124181,124184,124187,124190,124195],{},[168,124182,124183],{},"What a string is in Python",[168,124185,124186],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[168,124188,124189],{},"How to create an empty string",[168,124191,124192,124193],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124194,47055],{},[168,124196,124197],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,124199,124201],{"id":124200},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124203,124204],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124206,124207],{},"Strings can contain:",[165,124209,124210,124213,124215,124218],{},[168,124211,124212],{},"Letters",[168,124214,245],{},[168,124216,124217],{},"Spaces",[168,124219,124220],{},"Symbols",[20,124222,124223],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,124225,124227],{"className":37,"code":124226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124228,124229,124237,124245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124230,124231,124233,124235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124232,279],{"class":42698},[44,124234,948],{"class":42702},[44,124236,2727],{"class":42698},[44,124238,124239,124241,124243],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124240,279],{"class":42698},[44,124242,49618],{"class":42702},[44,124244,2727],{"class":42698},[44,124246,124247,124249,124251],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124248,279],{"class":42698},[44,124250,88516],{"class":42702},[44,124252,2727],{"class":42698},[20,124254,20344,124255,124257],{},[15,124256,49668],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124259,124260,124261,1084],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124262,1675],{},[35,124264,124266],{"className":37,"code":124265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124267,124268,124280,124289,124293,124307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124269,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124271,34054],{"class":50},[44,124273,55],{"class":54},[44,124275,290],{"class":278},[44,124277,49618],{"class":282},[44,124279,2727],{"class":278},[44,124281,124282,124284,124286],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124283,1589],{"class":50},[44,124285,55],{"class":54},[44,124287,124288],{"class":62}," 123\n",[44,124290,124291],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124292,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,124294,124295,124297,124299,124301,124303,124305],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,124296,106],{"class":105},[44,124298,93],{"class":58},[44,124300,1090],{"class":909},[44,124302,93],{"class":58},[44,124304,34075],{"class":89},[44,124306,973],{"class":58},[44,124308,124309,124311,124313,124315,124317,124319],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124310,106],{"class":105},[44,124312,93],{"class":58},[44,124314,1090],{"class":909},[44,124316,93],{"class":58},[44,124318,1612],{"class":89},[44,124320,973],{"class":58},[20,124322,118],{},[35,124324,124326],{"className":37,"code":124325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124327,124328,124342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124329,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124331,2659],{"class":54},[44,124333,2662],{"class":1436},[44,124335,360],{"class":278},[44,124337,2812],{"class":282},[44,124339,351],{"class":278},[44,124341,2671],{"class":54},[44,124343,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124345,2659],{"class":54},[44,124347,2662],{"class":1436},[44,124349,360],{"class":278},[44,124351,1560],{"class":282},[44,124353,351],{"class":278},[44,124355,2671],{"class":54},[20,124357,124358,124359,86],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[184,124360,124361],{"href":50348},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,124363,124365],{"id":124364},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124367,124368],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124370,124371],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,124373,124375],{"className":37,"code":124374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124376,124377,124390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124378,124379,124382,124384,124386,124388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124380,124381],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,124383,55],{"class":54},[44,124385,360],{"class":278},[44,124387,948],{"class":282},[44,124389,1100],{"class":278},[44,124391,124392,124394,124396,124399],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124393,106],{"class":105},[44,124395,93],{"class":58},[44,124397,124398],{"class":89},"greeting",[44,124400,99],{"class":58},[20,124402,124403],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,124405,124407],{"className":37,"code":124406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124408,124409,124421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124410,124411,124413,124415,124417,124419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124412,124381],{"class":50},[44,124414,55],{"class":54},[44,124416,290],{"class":278},[44,124418,948],{"class":282},[44,124420,2727],{"class":278},[44,124422,124423,124425,124427,124429],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124424,106],{"class":105},[44,124426,93],{"class":58},[44,124428,124398],{"class":89},[44,124430,99],{"class":58},[20,124432,124433],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124435,124436],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,124438,124440],{"id":124439},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124442,124443],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124445,124446,124447,188,124449,1084],{},"Use either ",[15,124448,5649],{},[15,124450,3144],{},[35,124452,124454],{"className":37,"code":124453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124455,124456,124465,124474,124478,124489,124500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124457,124458,124461,124463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124459,124460],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,124462,55],{"class":54},[44,124464,7259],{"class":278},[44,124466,124467,124470,124472],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124468,124469],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,124471,55],{"class":54},[44,124473,46867],{"class":278},[44,124475,124476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124477,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,124479,124480,124482,124484,124487],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,124481,106],{"class":105},[44,124483,93],{"class":58},[44,124485,124486],{"class":89},"empty1",[44,124488,99],{"class":58},[44,124490,124491,124493,124495,124498],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124492,106],{"class":105},[44,124494,93],{"class":58},[44,124496,124497],{"class":89},"empty2",[44,124499,99],{"class":58},[44,124501,124502,124504,124506,124508,124510,124512],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,124503,106],{"class":105},[44,124505,93],{"class":58},[44,124507,1090],{"class":909},[44,124509,93],{"class":58},[44,124511,124486],{"class":89},[44,124513,973],{"class":58},[20,124515,118],{},[35,124517,124518],{"className":37,"code":45141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124519,124520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124521,124522,124524,124526,124528,124530,124532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124523,2659],{"class":54},[44,124525,2662],{"class":1436},[44,124527,360],{"class":278},[44,124529,2812],{"class":282},[44,124531,351],{"class":278},[44,124533,2671],{"class":54},[20,124535,124536],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,124538,124540],{"id":124539},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124542,124543],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124545,124546],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,124548,124550],{"className":37,"code":124549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124551,124552,124563,124568,124575,124579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124553,124554,124556,124558,124561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124555,89374],{"class":50},[44,124557,55],{"class":54},[44,124559,124560],{"class":278}," \"\"\"",[44,124562,88316],{"class":282},[44,124564,124565],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124566,124567],{"class":282},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,124569,124570,124573],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124571,124572],{"class":282},"Have a nice day",[44,124574,42706],{"class":278},[44,124576,124577],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,124578,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,124580,124581,124583,124585,124587],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124582,106],{"class":105},[44,124584,93],{"class":58},[44,124586,89391],{"class":89},[44,124588,99],{"class":58},[20,124590,124591],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,124593,124595],{"className":37,"code":124594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124596,124597,124609,124614,124622,124626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124598,124599,124601,124603,124606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124600,89374],{"class":50},[44,124602,55],{"class":54},[44,124604,124605],{"class":278}," '''",[44,124607,124608],{"class":282},"Line 1\n",[44,124610,124611],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124612,124613],{"class":282},"Line 2\n",[44,124615,124616,124619],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124617,124618],{"class":282},"Line 3",[44,124620,124621],{"class":278},"'''\n",[44,124623,124624],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,124625,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,124627,124628,124630,124632,124634],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124629,106],{"class":105},[44,124631,93],{"class":58},[44,124633,89391],{"class":89},[44,124635,99],{"class":58},[20,124637,124638],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124640,124641],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,124643,124645],{"id":124644},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124647,1351,124648,124650],{},[15,124649,47055],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124652,124653],{},"Example with a number:",[35,124655,124657],{"className":37,"code":124656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124658,124659,124673,124683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124660,124661,124663,124665,124667,124669,124671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124662,34054],{"class":50},[44,124664,55],{"class":54},[44,124666,48276],{"class":909},[44,124668,93],{"class":58},[44,124670,45897],{"class":62},[44,124672,99],{"class":58},[44,124674,124675,124677,124679,124681],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124676,106],{"class":105},[44,124678,93],{"class":58},[44,124680,34075],{"class":89},[44,124682,99],{"class":58},[44,124684,124685,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124686,106],{"class":105},[44,124688,93],{"class":58},[44,124690,1090],{"class":909},[44,124692,93],{"class":58},[44,124694,34075],{"class":89},[44,124696,973],{"class":58},[20,124698,118],{},[35,124700,124702],{"className":37,"code":124701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124703,124704,124708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124705,124706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124707,45983],{"class":62},[44,124709,124710,124712,124714,124716,124718,124720],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124711,2659],{"class":54},[44,124713,2662],{"class":1436},[44,124715,360],{"class":278},[44,124717,2812],{"class":282},[44,124719,351],{"class":278},[44,124721,2671],{"class":54},[20,124723,124724],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,124726,124728],{"className":37,"code":124727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124729,124730,124744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124731,124732,124734,124736,124738,124740,124742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124733,106],{"class":105},[44,124735,93],{"class":58},[44,124737,2812],{"class":909},[44,124739,93],{"class":58},[44,124741,987],{"class":871},[44,124743,973],{"class":58},[44,124745,124746,124748,124750,124752,124754,124756],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124747,106],{"class":105},[44,124749,93],{"class":58},[44,124751,2812],{"class":909},[44,124753,93],{"class":58},[44,124755,39512],{"class":62},[44,124757,973],{"class":58},[20,124759,124760],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,124762,124764],{"className":37,"code":124763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124765,124766,124774,124796,124800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124767,124768,124770,124772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124769,20995],{"class":50},[44,124771,55],{"class":54},[44,124773,44596],{"class":62},[44,124775,124776,124778,124780,124782,124784,124786,124788,124790,124792,124794],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124777,89374],{"class":50},[44,124779,55],{"class":54},[44,124781,290],{"class":278},[44,124783,88792],{"class":282},[44,124785,279],{"class":278},[44,124787,1826],{"class":54},[44,124789,48276],{"class":909},[44,124791,93],{"class":58},[44,124793,8677],{"class":89},[44,124795,99],{"class":58},[44,124797,124798],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124799,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,124801,124802,124804,124806,124808],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,124803,106],{"class":105},[44,124805,93],{"class":58},[44,124807,89391],{"class":89},[44,124809,99],{"class":58},[20,124811,124812,124813,188,124817,86],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[184,124814,2945,124815,2878],{"href":41544},[15,124816,47055],{},[184,124818,124819],{"href":122531},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,124821,124823],{"id":124822},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124825,124826],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124828,124829],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,124831,124833],{"className":37,"code":124832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124834,124835,124847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124836,124837,124839,124841,124843,124845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124838,1925],{"class":50},[44,124840,55],{"class":54},[44,124842,360],{"class":278},[44,124844,6674],{"class":282},[44,124846,1100],{"class":278},[44,124848,124849,124851,124853,124855,124857],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124850,1953],{"class":50},[44,124852,55],{"class":54},[44,124854,290],{"class":278},[44,124856,6674],{"class":282},[44,124858,2727],{"class":278},[20,124860,124861],{},"A common rule is:",[165,124863,124864,124867,124870],{},[168,124865,124866],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[168,124868,124869],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[168,124871,124872],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,124874,894],{},[35,124876,124878],{"className":37,"code":124877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,124879,124880,124894,124908,124912,124923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124881,124882,124885,124887,124889,124892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124883,124884],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,124886,55],{"class":54},[44,124888,290],{"class":278},[44,124890,124891],{"class":282},"It's working",[44,124893,2727],{"class":278},[44,124895,124896,124899,124901,124903,124906],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124897,124898],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,124900,55],{"class":54},[44,124902,360],{"class":278},[44,124904,124905],{"class":282},"She said \"hello\"",[44,124907,1100],{"class":278},[44,124909,124910],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124911,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,124913,124914,124916,124918,124921],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,124915,106],{"class":105},[44,124917,93],{"class":58},[44,124919,124920],{"class":89},"text1",[44,124922,99],{"class":58},[44,124924,124925,124927,124929,124932],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124926,106],{"class":105},[44,124928,93],{"class":58},[44,124930,124931],{"class":89},"text2",[44,124933,99],{"class":58},[20,124935,124936],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,124938,124940],{"id":124939},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,124942,124943],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,124945,124946],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,124948,124950],{"className":37,"code":124949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,124951,124952,124957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124953,124954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124955,124956],{"class":3034},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,124958,124959],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,124960,124961],{"class":3034},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,124963,124964,124965,34697,124967,124970],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,124966,351],{},[15,124968,124969],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,124972,124973],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,124975,124977],{"className":37,"code":124976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,124978,124979,124998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124980,124981,124983,124985,124987,124990,124993,124996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124982,34054],{"class":50},[44,124984,55],{"class":54},[44,124986,360],{"class":278},[44,124988,124989],{"class":282},"It",[44,124991,124992],{"class":33819},"\\'",[44,124994,124995],{"class":282},"s working",[44,124997,1100],{"class":278},[44,124999,125000,125002,125004,125006],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125001,106],{"class":105},[44,125003,93],{"class":58},[44,125005,34075],{"class":89},[44,125007,99],{"class":58},[20,125009,125010],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,125012,125014],{"className":37,"code":125013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125015,125016,125028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125017,125018,125020,125022,125024,125026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125019,34054],{"class":50},[44,125021,55],{"class":54},[44,125023,290],{"class":278},[44,125025,124891],{"class":282},[44,125027,2727],{"class":278},[44,125029,125030,125032,125034,125036],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125031,106],{"class":105},[44,125033,93],{"class":58},[44,125035,34075],{"class":89},[44,125037,99],{"class":58},[20,125039,125040],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125042,125043,125044,86],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[184,125045,125047],{"href":125046},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,125049,1113],{"id":1112},[20,125051,125052],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[693,125054,89581],{"id":89580},[20,125056,125057],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,125059,125061],{"className":37,"code":125060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125062,125063,125067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125064,125065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125066,124956],{"class":3034},[44,125068,125069],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125070,125071],{"class":3034},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125073,125074,125075,7979,125078,125080],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125076,125077],{},"NameError",[15,125079,4377],{}," is not defined.",[20,125082,10183],{},[35,125084,125086],{"className":37,"code":125085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125087,125088,125100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125089,125090,125092,125094,125096,125098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125091,7254],{"class":50},[44,125093,55],{"class":54},[44,125095,290],{"class":278},[44,125097,4377],{"class":282},[44,125099,2727],{"class":278},[44,125101,125102,125104,125106,125108],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125103,106],{"class":105},[44,125105,93],{"class":58},[44,125107,7046],{"class":89},[44,125109,99],{"class":58},[693,125111,125113],{"id":125112},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125115,125116],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,125118,125120],{"className":37,"code":125119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125121,125122,125126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125123,125124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125125,124956],{"class":3034},[44,125127,125128],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125129,125130],{"class":3034},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125132,125133],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,125135,125137],{"className":37,"code":125136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125138,125139,125156,125169,125173,125183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125140,125141,125143,125145,125147,125149,125151,125154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125142,124884],{"class":50},[44,125144,55],{"class":54},[44,125146,360],{"class":278},[44,125148,124989],{"class":282},[44,125150,124992],{"class":33819},[44,125152,125153],{"class":282},"s good",[44,125155,1100],{"class":278},[44,125157,125158,125160,125162,125164,125167],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125159,124898],{"class":50},[44,125161,55],{"class":54},[44,125163,290],{"class":278},[44,125165,125166],{"class":282},"It's good",[44,125168,2727],{"class":278},[44,125170,125171],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125172,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,125174,125175,125177,125179,125181],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,125176,106],{"class":105},[44,125178,93],{"class":58},[44,125180,124920],{"class":89},[44,125182,99],{"class":58},[44,125184,125185,125187,125189,125191],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,125186,106],{"class":105},[44,125188,93],{"class":58},[44,125190,124931],{"class":89},[44,125192,99],{"class":58},[693,125194,125196],{"id":125195},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125198,125199],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,125201,125203],{"className":37,"code":125202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125204,125205,125217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125206,125207,125209,125211,125213,125215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125208,34054],{"class":50},[44,125210,55],{"class":54},[44,125212,124560],{"class":278},[44,125214,948],{"class":282},[44,125216,42706],{"class":278},[44,125218,125219,125221,125223,125225],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125220,106],{"class":105},[44,125222,93],{"class":58},[44,125224,34075],{"class":89},[44,125226,99],{"class":58},[20,125228,125229],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,125231,125233],{"className":37,"code":125232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125234,125235,125247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125236,125237,125239,125241,125243,125245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125238,34054],{"class":50},[44,125240,55],{"class":54},[44,125242,290],{"class":278},[44,125244,948],{"class":282},[44,125246,2727],{"class":278},[44,125248,125249,125251,125253,125255],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125250,106],{"class":105},[44,125252,93],{"class":58},[44,125254,34075],{"class":89},[44,125256,99],{"class":58},[693,125258,3953,125260,3766,125262,125264],{"id":125259},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125261,49618],{},[15,125263,49668],{}," are the same type",[20,125266,125267],{},"They are different:",[35,125269,125271],{"className":37,"code":125270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125272,125273,125282,125295,125299,125313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125274,125275,125278,125280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125276,125277],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,125279,55],{"class":54},[44,125281,124288],{"class":62},[44,125283,125284,125287,125289,125291,125293],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125285,125286],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,125288,55],{"class":54},[44,125290,290],{"class":278},[44,125292,49618],{"class":282},[44,125294,2727],{"class":278},[44,125296,125297],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125298,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,125300,125301,125303,125305,125307,125309,125311],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,125302,106],{"class":105},[44,125304,93],{"class":58},[44,125306,1090],{"class":909},[44,125308,93],{"class":58},[44,125310,84137],{"class":89},[44,125312,973],{"class":58},[44,125314,125315,125317,125319,125321,125323,125326],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,125316,106],{"class":105},[44,125318,93],{"class":58},[44,125320,1090],{"class":909},[44,125322,93],{"class":58},[44,125324,125325],{"class":89},"value2",[44,125327,973],{"class":58},[20,125329,118],{},[35,125331,125333],{"className":37,"code":125332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125334,125335,125349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125336,125337,125339,125341,125343,125345,125347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125338,2659],{"class":54},[44,125340,2662],{"class":1436},[44,125342,360],{"class":278},[44,125344,1560],{"class":282},[44,125346,351],{"class":278},[44,125348,2671],{"class":54},[44,125350,125351,125353,125355,125357,125359,125361],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125352,2659],{"class":54},[44,125354,2662],{"class":1436},[44,125356,360],{"class":278},[44,125358,2812],{"class":282},[44,125360,351],{"class":278},[44,125362,2671],{"class":54},[693,125364,125366],{"id":125365},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125368,125369],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,125371,125373],{"className":37,"code":125372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125374,125375,125379,125384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125376,125377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125378,124956],{"class":3034},[44,125380,125381],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125382,125383],{"class":3034},"# age = 10\n",[44,125385,125386],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125387,125388],{"class":3034},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125390,125391,125392,1084],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125393,47055],{},[35,125395,125397],{"className":37,"code":125396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125398,125399,125407,125429,125433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125400,125401,125403,125405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125402,20995],{"class":50},[44,125404,55],{"class":54},[44,125406,1958],{"class":62},[44,125408,125409,125411,125413,125415,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425,125427],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125410,89374],{"class":50},[44,125412,55],{"class":54},[44,125414,290],{"class":278},[44,125416,88792],{"class":282},[44,125418,279],{"class":278},[44,125420,1826],{"class":54},[44,125422,48276],{"class":909},[44,125424,93],{"class":58},[44,125426,8677],{"class":89},[44,125428,99],{"class":58},[44,125430,125431],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125432,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,125434,125435,125437,125439,125441],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,125436,106],{"class":105},[44,125438,93],{"class":58},[44,125440,89391],{"class":89},[44,125442,99],{"class":58},[20,125444,125445,125446,86],{},"For this specific error, see ",[184,125447,89773],{"href":89772},[693,125449,60079],{"id":60078},[20,125451,125452],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,125454,125456],{"className":37,"code":125455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125457,125458,125470,125474,125484,125498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125459,125460,125462,125464,125466,125468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125461,34054],{"class":50},[44,125463,55],{"class":54},[44,125465,290],{"class":278},[44,125467,948],{"class":282},[44,125469,2727],{"class":278},[44,125471,125472],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125473,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,125475,125476,125478,125480,125482],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125477,106],{"class":105},[44,125479,93],{"class":58},[44,125481,34075],{"class":89},[44,125483,99],{"class":58},[44,125485,125486,125488,125490,125492,125494,125496],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,125487,106],{"class":105},[44,125489,93],{"class":58},[44,125491,1090],{"class":909},[44,125493,93],{"class":58},[44,125495,34075],{"class":89},[44,125497,973],{"class":58},[44,125499,125500,125502,125504,125506,125508,125510],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,125501,106],{"class":105},[44,125503,93],{"class":58},[44,125505,41148],{"class":105},[44,125507,93],{"class":58},[44,125509,34075],{"class":89},[44,125511,973],{"class":58},[165,125513,125514,125519,125524],{},[168,125515,125516,45649],{},[15,125517,125518],{},"print(text)",[168,125520,125521,45654],{},[15,125522,125523],{},"print(type(text))",[168,125525,125526,125529],{},[15,125527,125528],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,125531,1235],{"id":1234},[693,125533,125535],{"id":125534},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125537,125538,125539,188,125542,86],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125540,125541],{},"'hello'",[15,125543,63903],{},[693,125545,125547],{"id":125546},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125549,125550],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[693,125552,125554],{"id":125553},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125556,148,125557,188,125559,86],{},[15,125558,5649],{},[15,125560,3144],{},[693,125562,125564],{"id":125563},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125566,148,125567,125569,125570,125572,125573,86],{},[15,125568,47055],{},", like ",[15,125571,79748],{},", which returns ",[15,125574,41495],{},[693,125576,125578],{"id":125577},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125580,125581],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,125583,1279],{"id":1278},[165,125585,125586,125590,125596,125601,125610,125614],{},[168,125587,125588],{},[184,125589,124361],{"href":50348},[168,125591,125592],{},[184,125593,2945,125594,2878],{"href":41544},[15,125595,47055],{},[168,125597,125598],{},[184,125599,125600],{"href":122531},"How to convert int to string in Python",[168,125602,125603],{},[184,125604,125606,125607,718],{"href":125605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125608,125609],{},"format()",[168,125611,125612],{},[184,125613,125047],{"href":125046},[168,125615,125616],{},[184,125617,89773],{"href":89772},[1304,125619,125620],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":125622},[125623,125624,125625,125626,125627,125628,125629,125630,125631,125640,125647],{"id":14532,"depth":80,"text":14533},{"id":124200,"depth":80,"text":124201},{"id":124364,"depth":80,"text":124365},{"id":124439,"depth":80,"text":124440},{"id":124539,"depth":80,"text":124540},{"id":124644,"depth":80,"text":124645},{"id":124822,"depth":80,"text":124823},{"id":124939,"depth":80,"text":124940},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":125632},[125633,125634,125635,125636,125638,125639],{"id":89580,"depth":102,"text":89581},{"id":125112,"depth":102,"text":125113},{"id":125195,"depth":102,"text":125196},{"id":125259,"depth":102,"text":125637},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125365,"depth":102,"text":125366},{"id":60078,"depth":102,"text":60079},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":125641},[125642,125643,125644,125645,125646],{"id":125534,"depth":102,"text":125535},{"id":125546,"depth":102,"text":125547},{"id":125553,"depth":102,"text":125554},{"id":125563,"depth":102,"text":125564},{"id":125577,"depth":102,"text":125578},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124062,"description":125648},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125655,"title":125656,"body":125657,"description":127571,"extension":1334,"meta":127572,"navigation":322,"path":127573,"seo":127574,"stem":127575,"__hash__":127576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125658,"toc":127532},[125659,125665,125670,125678,125680,125747,125749,125761,125770,125775,125779,125796,125798,125863,125865,125877,125882,125884,125912,125933,125936,125975,125977,125985,125989,125993,125997,126005,126008,126049,126051,126059,126062,126119,126121,126129,126133,126138,126182,126184,126192,126201,126205,126210,126258,126260,126268,126274,126276,126280,126292,126297,126376,126378,126398,126402,126406,126446,126448,126456,126460,126503,126505,126513,126517,126557,126559,126567,126571,126627,126629,126637,126643,126645,126649,126659,126726,126728,126741,126748,126791,126793,126801,126805,126808,126864,126866,126874,126877,126879,126956,126958,126966,126975,126977,126981,126985,126987,127009,127012,127059,127063,127102,127104,127112,127114,127156,127163,127168,127230,127232,127244,127250,127255,127304,127306,127325,127331,127333,127352,127354,127445,127447,127453,127460,127466,127472,127477,127486,127493,127501,127503,127529],[10,125660,122606,125662,18],{"id":125661},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125663,125664],{},"endswith()",[20,125666,122611,125667,125669],{},[15,125668,125664],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125671,125672,125673,188,125675,125677],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125674,987],{},[15,125676,3045],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,125679,33],{"id":32},[35,125681,125683],{"className":37,"code":125682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125684,125685,125699,125724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125686,125687,125690,125692,125694,125697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125688,125689],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,125691,55],{"class":54},[44,125693,290],{"class":278},[44,125695,125696],{"class":282},"report.csv",[44,125698,2727],{"class":278},[44,125700,125701,125703,125705,125708,125710,125713,125715,125717,125720,125722],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125702,106],{"class":105},[44,125704,93],{"class":58},[44,125706,125707],{"class":89},"filename",[44,125709,86],{"class":58},[44,125711,125712],{"class":89},"endswith",[44,125714,93],{"class":58},[44,125716,279],{"class":278},[44,125718,125719],{"class":282},".csv",[44,125721,279],{"class":278},[44,125723,973],{"class":58},[44,125725,125726,125728,125730,125732,125734,125736,125738,125740,125743,125745],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125727,106],{"class":105},[44,125729,93],{"class":58},[44,125731,125707],{"class":89},[44,125733,86],{"class":58},[44,125735,125712],{"class":89},[44,125737,93],{"class":58},[44,125739,279],{"class":278},[44,125741,125742],{"class":282},".txt",[44,125744,279],{"class":278},[44,125746,973],{"class":58},[20,125748,118],{},[35,125750,125751],{"className":37,"code":43544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125752,125753,125757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125754,125755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125756,3350],{"class":871},[44,125758,125759],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125760,3411],{"class":871},[20,125762,148,125763,4745,125765,188,125767,125769],{},[15,125764,125664],{},[15,125766,987],{},[15,125768,3045],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,125771,155,125773,158],{"id":125772},"what-endswith-does",[15,125774,125664],{},[20,125776,125777,1084],{},[15,125778,125664],{},[165,125780,125781,125784,125790,125793],{},[168,125782,125783],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[168,125785,10799,125786,188,125788],{},[15,125787,987],{},[15,125789,3045],{},[168,125791,125792],{},"Does not change the original string",[168,125794,125795],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125797,894],{},[35,125799,125801],{"className":37,"code":125800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125802,125803,125815,125819,125841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125804,125805,125807,125809,125811,125813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125806,34054],{"class":50},[44,125808,55],{"class":54},[44,125810,290],{"class":278},[44,125812,59776],{"class":282},[44,125814,2727],{"class":278},[44,125816,125817],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125818,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,125820,125821,125823,125825,125827,125829,125831,125833,125835,125837,125839],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125822,106],{"class":105},[44,125824,93],{"class":58},[44,125826,34075],{"class":89},[44,125828,86],{"class":58},[44,125830,125712],{"class":89},[44,125832,93],{"class":58},[44,125834,279],{"class":278},[44,125836,59960],{"class":282},[44,125838,279],{"class":278},[44,125840,973],{"class":58},[44,125842,125843,125845,125847,125849,125851,125853,125855,125857,125859,125861],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,125844,106],{"class":105},[44,125846,93],{"class":58},[44,125848,34075],{"class":89},[44,125850,86],{"class":58},[44,125852,125712],{"class":89},[44,125854,93],{"class":58},[44,125856,279],{"class":278},[44,125858,948],{"class":282},[44,125860,279],{"class":278},[44,125862,973],{"class":58},[20,125864,118],{},[35,125866,125867],{"className":37,"code":43544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125868,125869,125873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125870,125871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125872,3350],{"class":871},[44,125874,125875],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125876,3411],{"class":871},[20,125878,125879,125880,86],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[184,125881,124361],{"href":50348},[30,125883,196],{"id":195},[35,125885,125887],{"className":37,"code":125886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,125888,125889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125890,125891,125893,125895,125897,125899,125902,125904,125906,125908,125910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125892,60543],{"class":50},[44,125894,86],{"class":58},[44,125896,125712],{"class":89},[44,125898,93],{"class":58},[44,125900,125901],{"class":89},"suffix",[44,125903,66],{"class":58},[44,125905,35420],{"class":89},[44,125907,66],{"class":58},[44,125909,64409],{"class":89},[44,125911,99],{"class":58},[165,125913,125914,125919,125926],{},[168,125915,125916,125918],{},[15,125917,125901],{}," is required",[168,125920,125921,3766,125923,125925],{},[15,125922,35441],{},[15,125924,52032],{}," are optional",[168,125927,125928,3766,125930,125932],{},[15,125929,35441],{},[15,125931,52032],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,125934,125935],{},"Basic example:",[35,125937,125939],{"className":37,"code":125938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125940,125941,125953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125942,125943,125945,125947,125949,125951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125944,125689],{"class":50},[44,125946,55],{"class":54},[44,125948,290],{"class":278},[44,125950,86262],{"class":282},[44,125952,2727],{"class":278},[44,125954,125955,125957,125959,125961,125963,125965,125967,125969,125971,125973],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,125956,106],{"class":105},[44,125958,93],{"class":58},[44,125960,125707],{"class":89},[44,125962,86],{"class":58},[44,125964,125712],{"class":89},[44,125966,93],{"class":58},[44,125968,279],{"class":278},[44,125970,125742],{"class":282},[44,125972,279],{"class":278},[44,125974,973],{"class":58},[20,125976,118],{},[35,125978,125979],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125980,125981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125982,125983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125984,3350],{"class":871},[30,125986,125988],{"id":125987},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[693,125990,125991],{"id":125901},[15,125992,125901],{},[20,125994,125995,30115],{},[15,125996,125901],{},[165,125998,125999,126002],{},[168,126000,126001],{},"A single string",[168,126003,126004],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126006,126007],{},"Single suffix:",[35,126009,126011],{"className":37,"code":126010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126012,126013,126026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126014,126015,126017,126019,126021,126024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126016,7254],{"class":50},[44,126018,55],{"class":54},[44,126020,290],{"class":278},[44,126022,126023],{"class":282},"image.png",[44,126025,2727],{"class":278},[44,126027,126028,126030,126032,126034,126036,126038,126040,126042,126045,126047],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126029,106],{"class":105},[44,126031,93],{"class":58},[44,126033,7046],{"class":89},[44,126035,86],{"class":58},[44,126037,125712],{"class":89},[44,126039,93],{"class":58},[44,126041,279],{"class":278},[44,126043,126044],{"class":282},".png",[44,126046,279],{"class":278},[44,126048,973],{"class":58},[20,126050,118],{},[35,126052,126053],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126054,126055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126056,126057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126058,3350],{"class":871},[20,126060,126061],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,126063,126065],{"className":37,"code":126064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126066,126067,126079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126068,126069,126071,126073,126075,126077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126070,7254],{"class":50},[44,126072,55],{"class":54},[44,126074,290],{"class":278},[44,126076,126023],{"class":282},[44,126078,2727],{"class":278},[44,126080,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091,126093,126095,126098,126100,126102,126104,126106,126108,126110,126112,126115,126117],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126082,106],{"class":105},[44,126084,93],{"class":58},[44,126086,7046],{"class":89},[44,126088,86],{"class":58},[44,126090,125712],{"class":89},[44,126092,964],{"class":58},[44,126094,279],{"class":278},[44,126096,126097],{"class":282},".jpg",[44,126099,279],{"class":278},[44,126101,66],{"class":58},[44,126103,290],{"class":278},[44,126105,126044],{"class":282},[44,126107,279],{"class":278},[44,126109,66],{"class":58},[44,126111,290],{"class":278},[44,126113,126114],{"class":282},".gif",[44,126116,279],{"class":278},[44,126118,2282],{"class":58},[20,126120,118],{},[35,126122,126123],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126124,126125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126126,126127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126128,3350],{"class":871},[693,126130,126131],{"id":35441},[15,126132,35441],{},[20,126134,126135,126137],{},[15,126136,35441],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,126139,126141],{"className":37,"code":126140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126142,126143,126156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126144,126145,126147,126149,126151,126154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126146,34054],{"class":50},[44,126148,55],{"class":54},[44,126150,290],{"class":278},[44,126152,126153],{"class":282},"my_report.csv",[44,126155,2727],{"class":278},[44,126157,126158,126160,126162,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172,126174,126176,126178,126180],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126159,106],{"class":105},[44,126161,93],{"class":58},[44,126163,34075],{"class":89},[44,126165,86],{"class":58},[44,126167,125712],{"class":89},[44,126169,93],{"class":58},[44,126171,279],{"class":278},[44,126173,125719],{"class":282},[44,126175,279],{"class":278},[44,126177,66],{"class":58},[44,126179,74],{"class":62},[44,126181,973],{"class":58},[20,126183,118],{},[35,126185,126186],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126187,126188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126189,126190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126191,3350],{"class":871},[20,126193,126194,126195,126197,126198,86],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126196,1433],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126199,126200],{},"\"report.csv\"",[693,126202,126203],{"id":52032},[15,126204,52032],{},[20,126206,126207,126209],{},[15,126208,52032],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,126211,126213],{"className":37,"code":126212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126214,126215,126228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126216,126217,126219,126221,126223,126226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126218,34054],{"class":50},[44,126220,55],{"class":54},[44,126222,290],{"class":278},[44,126224,126225],{"class":282},"report.csv backup",[44,126227,2727],{"class":278},[44,126229,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240,126242,126244,126246,126248,126250,126252,126254,126256],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126231,106],{"class":105},[44,126233,93],{"class":58},[44,126235,34075],{"class":89},[44,126237,86],{"class":58},[44,126239,125712],{"class":89},[44,126241,93],{"class":58},[44,126243,279],{"class":278},[44,126245,125719],{"class":282},[44,126247,279],{"class":278},[44,126249,66],{"class":58},[44,126251,3204],{"class":62},[44,126253,66],{"class":58},[44,126255,5381],{"class":62},[44,126257,973],{"class":58},[20,126259,118],{},[35,126261,126262],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126263,126264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126265,126266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126267,3350],{"class":871},[20,126269,126270,126271,126273],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126272,126200],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,126275,722],{"id":721},[20,126277,126278,24875],{},[15,126279,125664],{},[165,126281,126282,126287],{},[168,126283,126284,126286],{},[15,126285,987],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[168,126288,126289,126291],{},[15,126290,3045],{}," if it does not",[20,126293,126294,126295,6549],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126296,6374],{},[35,126298,126300],{"className":37,"code":126299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126301,126302,126315,126319,126340,126355,126361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126303,126304,126306,126308,126310,126313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126305,125689],{"class":50},[44,126307,55],{"class":54},[44,126309,290],{"class":278},[44,126311,126312],{"class":282},"data.csv",[44,126314,2727],{"class":278},[44,126316,126317],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126318,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,126320,126321,126323,126326,126328,126330,126332,126334,126336,126338],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126322,6374],{"class":3246},[44,126324,126325],{"class":50}," filename",[44,126327,86],{"class":58},[44,126329,125712],{"class":89},[44,126331,93],{"class":58},[44,126333,279],{"class":278},[44,126335,125719],{"class":282},[44,126337,279],{"class":278},[44,126339,7720],{"class":58},[44,126341,126342,126344,126346,126348,126351,126353],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,126343,7447],{"class":105},[44,126345,93],{"class":58},[44,126347,279],{"class":278},[44,126349,126350],{"class":282},"This is a CSV file.",[44,126352,279],{"class":278},[44,126354,99],{"class":58},[44,126356,126357,126359],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,126358,26801],{"class":3246},[44,126360,5770],{"class":58},[44,126362,126363,126365,126367,126369,126372,126374],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,126364,7447],{"class":105},[44,126366,93],{"class":58},[44,126368,279],{"class":278},[44,126370,126371],{"class":282},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,126373,279],{"class":278},[44,126375,99],{"class":58},[20,126377,118],{},[35,126379,126381],{"className":37,"code":126380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126382,126383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126384,126385,126387,126389,126391,126394,126396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126386,49251],{"class":50},[44,126388,11566],{"class":54},[44,126390,43915],{"class":50},[44,126392,126393],{"class":33819},"CSV",[44,126395,86003],{"class":86002},[44,126397,121638],{"class":58},[30,126399,126401],{"id":126400},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[693,126403,126405],{"id":126404},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,126407,126409],{"className":37,"code":126408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126410,126411,126424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126412,126413,126415,126417,126419,126422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126414,125689],{"class":50},[44,126416,55],{"class":54},[44,126418,290],{"class":278},[44,126420,126421],{"class":282},"sales.csv",[44,126423,2727],{"class":278},[44,126425,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434,126436,126438,126440,126442,126444],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126427,106],{"class":105},[44,126429,93],{"class":58},[44,126431,125707],{"class":89},[44,126433,86],{"class":58},[44,126435,125712],{"class":89},[44,126437,93],{"class":58},[44,126439,279],{"class":278},[44,126441,125719],{"class":282},[44,126443,279],{"class":278},[44,126445,973],{"class":58},[20,126447,118],{},[35,126449,126450],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126451,126452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126453,126454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126455,3350],{"class":871},[693,126457,126459],{"id":126458},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,126461,126463],{"className":37,"code":126462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126464,126465,126479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126466,126467,126470,126472,126474,126477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126468,126469],{"class":50},"url ",[44,126471,55],{"class":54},[44,126473,290],{"class":278},[44,126475,126476],{"class":282},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,126478,2727],{"class":278},[44,126480,126481,126483,126485,126488,126490,126492,126494,126496,126499,126501],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126482,106],{"class":105},[44,126484,93],{"class":58},[44,126486,126487],{"class":89},"url",[44,126489,86],{"class":58},[44,126491,125712],{"class":89},[44,126493,93],{"class":58},[44,126495,279],{"class":278},[44,126497,126498],{"class":282},"\u002F",[44,126500,279],{"class":278},[44,126502,973],{"class":58},[20,126504,118],{},[35,126506,126507],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126508,126509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126510,126511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126512,3350],{"class":871},[693,126514,126516],{"id":126515},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,126518,126520],{"className":37,"code":126519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126521,126522,126535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126523,126524,126526,126528,126530,126533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126525,89374],{"class":50},[44,126527,55],{"class":54},[44,126529,290],{"class":278},[44,126531,126532],{"class":282},"Hello!",[44,126534,2727],{"class":278},[44,126536,126537,126539,126541,126543,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553,126555],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126538,106],{"class":105},[44,126540,93],{"class":58},[44,126542,89391],{"class":89},[44,126544,86],{"class":58},[44,126546,125712],{"class":89},[44,126548,93],{"class":58},[44,126550,279],{"class":278},[44,126552,89215],{"class":282},[44,126554,279],{"class":278},[44,126556,973],{"class":58},[20,126558,118],{},[35,126560,126561],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126562,126563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126564,126565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126566,3350],{"class":871},[693,126568,126570],{"id":126569},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,126572,126574],{"className":37,"code":126573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126575,126576,126589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126577,126578,126580,126582,126584,126587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126579,125689],{"class":50},[44,126581,55],{"class":54},[44,126583,290],{"class":278},[44,126585,126586],{"class":282},"photo.jpg",[44,126588,2727],{"class":278},[44,126590,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126601,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617,126619,126621,126623,126625],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126592,106],{"class":105},[44,126594,93],{"class":58},[44,126596,125707],{"class":89},[44,126598,86],{"class":58},[44,126600,125712],{"class":89},[44,126602,964],{"class":58},[44,126604,279],{"class":278},[44,126606,126097],{"class":282},[44,126608,279],{"class":278},[44,126610,66],{"class":58},[44,126612,290],{"class":278},[44,126614,126044],{"class":282},[44,126616,279],{"class":278},[44,126618,66],{"class":58},[44,126620,290],{"class":278},[44,126622,126114],{"class":282},[44,126624,279],{"class":278},[44,126626,2282],{"class":58},[20,126628,118],{},[35,126630,126631],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126632,126633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126634,126635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126636,3350],{"class":871},[20,126638,126639,126640,86],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[184,126641,126642],{"href":122861},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,126644,123253],{"id":123252},[20,126646,126647,123064],{},[15,126648,125664],{},[20,126650,126651,126652,3766,126655,126658],{},"That means ",[15,126653,126654],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126656,126657],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,126660,126662],{"className":37,"code":126661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126663,126664,126677,126681,126703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126665,126666,126668,126670,126672,126675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126667,125689],{"class":50},[44,126669,55],{"class":54},[44,126671,290],{"class":278},[44,126673,126674],{"class":282},"REPORT.CSV",[44,126676,2727],{"class":278},[44,126678,126679],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126680,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,126682,126683,126685,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695,126697,126699,126701],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126684,106],{"class":105},[44,126686,93],{"class":58},[44,126688,125707],{"class":89},[44,126690,86],{"class":58},[44,126692,125712],{"class":89},[44,126694,93],{"class":58},[44,126696,279],{"class":278},[44,126698,125719],{"class":282},[44,126700,279],{"class":278},[44,126702,973],{"class":58},[44,126704,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126715,126717,126719,126722,126724],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,126706,106],{"class":105},[44,126708,93],{"class":58},[44,126710,125707],{"class":89},[44,126712,86],{"class":58},[44,126714,125712],{"class":89},[44,126716,93],{"class":58},[44,126718,279],{"class":278},[44,126720,126721],{"class":282},".CSV",[44,126723,279],{"class":278},[44,126725,973],{"class":58},[20,126727,118],{},[35,126729,126731],{"className":37,"code":126730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126732,126733,126737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126734,126735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126736,3411],{"class":871},[44,126738,126739],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126740,3350],{"class":871},[20,126742,126743,126744,86],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[184,126745,126746],{"href":123333},[15,126747,123336],{},[35,126749,126751],{"className":37,"code":126750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126752,126753,126765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126754,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126756,125689],{"class":50},[44,126758,55],{"class":54},[44,126760,290],{"class":278},[44,126762,126674],{"class":282},[44,126764,2727],{"class":278},[44,126766,126767,126769,126771,126773,126775,126777,126779,126781,126783,126785,126787,126789],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126768,106],{"class":105},[44,126770,93],{"class":58},[44,126772,125707],{"class":89},[44,126774,86],{"class":58},[44,126776,8018],{"class":89},[44,126778,8015],{"class":58},[44,126780,125712],{"class":89},[44,126782,93],{"class":58},[44,126784,279],{"class":278},[44,126786,125719],{"class":282},[44,126788,279],{"class":278},[44,126790,973],{"class":58},[20,126792,118],{},[35,126794,126795],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126796,126797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126798,126799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126800,3350],{"class":871},[30,126802,126804],{"id":126803},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126806,126807],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,126809,126811],{"className":37,"code":126810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126812,126813,126826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126814,126815,126817,126819,126821,126824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126816,125689],{"class":50},[44,126818,55],{"class":54},[44,126820,290],{"class":278},[44,126822,126823],{"class":282},"picture.gif",[44,126825,2727],{"class":278},[44,126827,126828,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126829,106],{"class":105},[44,126831,93],{"class":58},[44,126833,125707],{"class":89},[44,126835,86],{"class":58},[44,126837,125712],{"class":89},[44,126839,964],{"class":58},[44,126841,279],{"class":278},[44,126843,126097],{"class":282},[44,126845,279],{"class":278},[44,126847,66],{"class":58},[44,126849,290],{"class":278},[44,126851,126044],{"class":282},[44,126853,279],{"class":278},[44,126855,66],{"class":58},[44,126857,290],{"class":278},[44,126859,126114],{"class":282},[44,126861,279],{"class":278},[44,126863,2282],{"class":58},[20,126865,118],{},[35,126867,126868],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126869,126870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126871,126872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126873,3350],{"class":871},[20,126875,126876],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,126878,51453],{},[35,126880,126882],{"className":37,"code":126881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,126883,126884,126897,126932,126936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126885,126886,126889,126891,126893,126895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126887,126888],{"class":50},"document ",[44,126890,55],{"class":54},[44,126892,290],{"class":278},[44,126894,86262],{"class":282},[44,126896,2727],{"class":278},[44,126898,126899,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916,126919,126921,126923,126925,126928,126930],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,126900,126901],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,126903,55],{"class":54},[44,126905,8615],{"class":58},[44,126907,279],{"class":278},[44,126909,125742],{"class":282},[44,126911,279],{"class":278},[44,126913,66],{"class":58},[44,126915,290],{"class":278},[44,126917,126918],{"class":282},".md",[44,126920,279],{"class":278},[44,126922,66],{"class":58},[44,126924,290],{"class":278},[44,126926,126927],{"class":282},".docx",[44,126929,279],{"class":278},[44,126931,99],{"class":58},[44,126933,126934],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126935,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,126937,126938,126940,126942,126945,126947,126949,126951,126954],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,126939,106],{"class":105},[44,126941,93],{"class":58},[44,126943,126944],{"class":89},"document",[44,126946,86],{"class":58},[44,126948,125712],{"class":89},[44,126950,93],{"class":58},[44,126952,126953],{"class":89},"allowed",[44,126955,973],{"class":58},[20,126957,118],{},[35,126959,126960],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126961,126962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126963,126964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126965,3350],{"class":871},[20,126967,126968,126969,86],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[184,126970,125606,126972,718],{"href":126971},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,126973,126974],{},"startswith()",[30,126976,1113],{"id":1112},[20,126978,7825,126979,86],{},[15,126980,125664],{},[693,126982,126984],{"id":126983},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,126986,3899],{},[35,126988,126990],{"className":37,"code":126989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,126991,126992,127004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126993,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126995,125689],{"class":50},[44,126997,55],{"class":54},[44,126999,290],{"class":278},[44,127001,126586],{"class":282},[44,127003,2727],{"class":278},[44,127005,127006],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127007,127008],{"class":3034},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127010,127011],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,127013,127015],{"className":37,"code":127014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127016,127017,127029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127018,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127020,125689],{"class":50},[44,127022,55],{"class":54},[44,127024,290],{"class":278},[44,127026,126586],{"class":282},[44,127028,2727],{"class":278},[44,127030,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127032,106],{"class":105},[44,127034,93],{"class":58},[44,127036,125707],{"class":89},[44,127038,86],{"class":58},[44,127040,125712],{"class":89},[44,127042,964],{"class":58},[44,127044,279],{"class":278},[44,127046,126097],{"class":282},[44,127048,279],{"class":278},[44,127050,66],{"class":58},[44,127052,290],{"class":278},[44,127054,126044],{"class":282},[44,127056,279],{"class":278},[44,127058,2282],{"class":58},[693,127060,127062],{"id":127061},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,127064,127066],{"className":37,"code":127065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127067,127068,127080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127069,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127071,125689],{"class":50},[44,127073,55],{"class":54},[44,127075,290],{"class":278},[44,127077,126674],{"class":282},[44,127079,2727],{"class":278},[44,127081,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127083,106],{"class":105},[44,127085,93],{"class":58},[44,127087,125707],{"class":89},[44,127089,86],{"class":58},[44,127091,125712],{"class":89},[44,127093,93],{"class":58},[44,127095,279],{"class":278},[44,127097,125719],{"class":282},[44,127099,279],{"class":278},[44,127101,973],{"class":58},[20,127103,118],{},[35,127105,127106],{"className":37,"code":3411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127107,127108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127109,127110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127111,3411],{"class":871},[20,127113,38630],{},[35,127115,127116],{"className":37,"code":126750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127117,127118,127130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127119,127120,127122,127124,127126,127128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127121,125689],{"class":50},[44,127123,55],{"class":54},[44,127125,290],{"class":278},[44,127127,126674],{"class":282},[44,127129,2727],{"class":278},[44,127131,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146,127148,127150,127152,127154],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127133,106],{"class":105},[44,127135,93],{"class":58},[44,127137,125707],{"class":89},[44,127139,86],{"class":58},[44,127141,8018],{"class":89},[44,127143,8015],{"class":58},[44,127145,125712],{"class":89},[44,127147,93],{"class":58},[44,127149,279],{"class":278},[44,127151,125719],{"class":282},[44,127153,279],{"class":278},[44,127155,973],{"class":58},[693,127157,1138,127159,8082,127161],{"id":127158},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127160,125664],{},[15,127162,3253],{},[20,127164,127165,127167],{},[15,127166,125664],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,127169,127171],{"className":37,"code":127170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127172,127173,127186,127190,127212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127174,127175,127177,127179,127181,127184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127176,34054],{"class":50},[44,127178,55],{"class":54},[44,127180,290],{"class":278},[44,127182,127183],{"class":282},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,127185,2727],{"class":278},[44,127187,127188],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127189,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,127191,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127193,106],{"class":105},[44,127195,93],{"class":58},[44,127197,34075],{"class":89},[44,127199,86],{"class":58},[44,127201,125712],{"class":89},[44,127203,93],{"class":58},[44,127205,279],{"class":278},[44,127207,125719],{"class":282},[44,127209,279],{"class":278},[44,127211,973],{"class":58},[44,127213,127214,127216,127218,127220,127222,127224,127226,127228],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,127215,106],{"class":105},[44,127217,93],{"class":58},[44,127219,279],{"class":278},[44,127221,125719],{"class":282},[44,127223,279],{"class":278},[44,127225,20540],{"class":3246},[44,127227,42211],{"class":89},[44,127229,99],{"class":58},[20,127231,118],{},[35,127233,127234],{"className":37,"code":126730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127235,127236,127240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127237,127238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127239,3411],{"class":871},[44,127241,127242],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127243,3350],{"class":871},[693,127245,1129,127247,127249],{"id":127246},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127248,125664],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127251,127252,127254],{},[15,127253,125664],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,127256,127258],{"className":37,"code":127257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127259,127260,127272,127294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127261,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127263,125689],{"class":50},[44,127265,55],{"class":54},[44,127267,290],{"class":278},[44,127269,125696],{"class":282},[44,127271,2727],{"class":278},[44,127273,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127275,106],{"class":105},[44,127277,93],{"class":58},[44,127279,125707],{"class":89},[44,127281,86],{"class":58},[44,127283,125712],{"class":89},[44,127285,93],{"class":58},[44,127287,279],{"class":278},[44,127289,125719],{"class":282},[44,127291,279],{"class":278},[44,127293,973],{"class":58},[44,127295,127296,127298,127300,127302],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127297,106],{"class":105},[44,127299,93],{"class":58},[44,127301,125707],{"class":89},[44,127303,99],{"class":58},[20,127305,118],{},[35,127307,127309],{"className":37,"code":127308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127310,127311,127315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127312,127313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127314,3350],{"class":871},[44,127316,127317,127320,127322],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127318,127319],{"class":50},"report",[44,127321,86],{"class":58},[44,127323,127324],{"class":1219},"csv\n",[20,127326,127327,127328,86],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[184,127329,127330],{"href":123774},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127332,65432],{},[165,127334,127335,127338,127341,127344],{},[168,127336,127337],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[168,127339,127340],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[168,127342,127343],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[168,127345,1123,127346,44000,127348,188,127350,110803],{},[15,127347,125664],{},[15,127349,123777],{},[15,127351,41022],{},[20,127353,29501],{},[35,127355,127357],{"className":37,"code":127356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127358,127359,127369,127383,127405,127431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127360,127361,127363,127365,127367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127362,106],{"class":105},[44,127364,93],{"class":58},[44,127366,34075],{"class":89},[44,127368,99],{"class":58},[44,127370,127371,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127372,106],{"class":105},[44,127374,93],{"class":58},[44,127376,41148],{"class":105},[44,127378,93],{"class":58},[44,127380,34075],{"class":89},[44,127382,973],{"class":58},[44,127384,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127386,106],{"class":105},[44,127388,93],{"class":58},[44,127390,34075],{"class":89},[44,127392,86],{"class":58},[44,127394,125712],{"class":89},[44,127396,93],{"class":58},[44,127398,351],{"class":278},[44,127400,125719],{"class":282},[44,127402,351],{"class":278},[44,127404,973],{"class":58},[44,127406,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,127408,106],{"class":105},[44,127410,93],{"class":58},[44,127412,34075],{"class":89},[44,127414,86],{"class":58},[44,127416,8018],{"class":89},[44,127418,8015],{"class":58},[44,127420,125712],{"class":89},[44,127422,93],{"class":58},[44,127424,351],{"class":278},[44,127426,125719],{"class":282},[44,127428,351],{"class":278},[44,127430,973],{"class":58},[44,127432,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,127434,106],{"class":105},[44,127436,93],{"class":58},[44,127438,1090],{"class":909},[44,127440,93],{"class":58},[44,127442,34075],{"class":89},[44,127444,973],{"class":58},[30,127446,1235],{"id":1234},[693,127448,1239,127450,127452],{"id":127449},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127451,125664],{}," change the string?",[20,127454,127455,127456,188,127458,86],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127457,987],{},[15,127459,3045],{},[693,127461,4544,127463,127465],{"id":127462},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127464,125664],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127467,127468,127469,86],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127470,127471],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[693,127473,14274,127475,123942],{"id":127474},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127476,125664],{},[20,127478,127479,127480,188,127482,127485],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127481,123336],{},[15,127483,127484],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[693,127487,4554,127489,3766,127491,1863],{"id":127488},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127490,125664],{},[15,127492,123601],{},[20,127494,127495,127497,127498,127500],{},[15,127496,125664],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127499,123601],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[30,127502,1279],{"id":1278},[165,127504,127505,127511,127517,127521,127525],{},[168,127506,127507],{},[184,127508,125606,127509,718],{"href":126971},[15,127510,126974],{},[168,127512,127513],{},[184,127514,125606,127515,718],{"href":123333},[15,127516,123336],{},[168,127518,127519],{},[184,127520,124005],{"href":122861},[168,127522,127523],{},[184,127524,124012],{"href":123774},[168,127526,127527],{},[184,127528,124361],{"href":50348},[1304,127530,127531],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":127533},[127534,127535,127537,127538,127543,127544,127550,127551,127552,127560,127570],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":125772,"depth":80,"text":127536},"What endswith() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":125987,"depth":80,"text":125988,"children":127539},[127540,127541,127542],{"id":125901,"depth":102,"text":125901},{"id":35441,"depth":102,"text":35441},{"id":52032,"depth":102,"text":52032},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":126400,"depth":80,"text":126401,"children":127545},[127546,127547,127548,127549],{"id":126404,"depth":102,"text":126405},{"id":126458,"depth":102,"text":126459},{"id":126515,"depth":102,"text":126516},{"id":126569,"depth":102,"text":126570},{"id":123252,"depth":80,"text":123253},{"id":126803,"depth":80,"text":126804},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":127553},[127554,127555,127556,127558],{"id":126983,"depth":102,"text":126984},{"id":127061,"depth":102,"text":127062},{"id":127158,"depth":102,"text":127557},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127246,"depth":102,"text":127559},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":127561},[127562,127564,127566,127568],{"id":127449,"depth":102,"text":127563},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127462,"depth":102,"text":127565},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127474,"depth":102,"text":127567},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127488,"depth":102,"text":127569},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125656,"description":127571},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127578,"title":127579,"body":127580,"description":129248,"extension":1334,"meta":129249,"navigation":322,"path":129250,"seo":129251,"stem":129252,"__hash__":129253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127581,"toc":129221},[127582,127587,127592,127597,127602,127695,127705,127710,127715,127730,127732,127814,127822,127824,127826,127853,127855,127871,127878,127880,127988,127990,127995,128011,128013,128108,128116,128119,128125,128130,128135,128142,128281,128284,128297,128299,128303,128310,128380,128383,128432,128439,128446,128460,128465,128470,128516,128562,128578,128580,128585,128599,128602,128724,128729,128731,128736,128769,128772,128848,128850,128859,128873,128876,128960,128963,129074,129077,129105,129107,129114,129118,129124,129127,129133,129136,129143,129154,129160,129167,129169,129218],[10,127583,122606,127585,18],{"id":127584},"python-string-find-method",[15,127586,123601],{},[20,127588,122611,127589,127591],{},[15,127590,123601],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127593,127594,127595,86],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127596,65223],{},[20,127598,148,127599,127601],{},[15,127600,123601],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,127603,127605],{"className":37,"code":127604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127606,127607,127619,127642,127655,127659,127682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127608,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127610,34054],{"class":50},[44,127612,55],{"class":54},[44,127614,290],{"class":278},[44,127616,59776],{"class":282},[44,127618,2727],{"class":278},[44,127620,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127622,64288],{"class":50},[44,127624,55],{"class":54},[44,127626,42211],{"class":50},[44,127628,86],{"class":58},[44,127630,127631],{"class":89},"find",[44,127633,93],{"class":58},[44,127635,279],{"class":278},[44,127637,59960],{"class":282},[44,127639,279],{"class":278},[44,127641,99],{"class":58},[44,127643,127644,127646,127648,127650,127652],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127645,106],{"class":105},[44,127647,93],{"class":58},[44,127649,64315],{"class":89},[44,127651,3031],{"class":58},[44,127653,127654],{"class":3034},"   # 6\n",[44,127656,127657],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,127658,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,127660,127661,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676,127678,127680],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,127662,127663],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,127665,55],{"class":54},[44,127667,42211],{"class":50},[44,127669,86],{"class":58},[44,127671,127631],{"class":89},[44,127673,93],{"class":58},[44,127675,279],{"class":278},[44,127677,39],{"class":282},[44,127679,279],{"class":278},[44,127681,99],{"class":58},[44,127683,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,127685,106],{"class":105},[44,127687,93],{"class":58},[44,127689,26140],{"class":89},[44,127691,3031],{"class":58},[44,127693,127694],{"class":3034},"    # -1\n",[42950,127696,127697],{},[20,127698,148,127699,127701,127702,127704],{},[15,127700,123601],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127703,65223],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,127706,155,127708,158],{"id":127707},"what-find-does",[15,127709,123601],{},[20,127711,127712,127714],{},[15,127713,123601],{}," is a string method that:",[165,127716,127717,127720,127723,127728],{},[168,127718,127719],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[168,127721,127722],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[168,127724,10799,127725,127727],{},[15,127726,65223],{}," if no match is found",[168,127729,125792],{},[20,127731,894],{},[35,127733,127735],{"className":37,"code":127734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127736,127737,127749,127753,127777,127801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127738,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127740,34054],{"class":50},[44,127742,55],{"class":54},[44,127744,290],{"class":278},[44,127746,3459],{"class":282},[44,127748,2727],{"class":278},[44,127750,127751],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127752,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,127754,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127756,106],{"class":105},[44,127758,93],{"class":58},[44,127760,34075],{"class":89},[44,127762,86],{"class":58},[44,127764,127631],{"class":89},[44,127766,93],{"class":58},[44,127768,279],{"class":278},[44,127770,122699],{"class":282},[44,127772,279],{"class":278},[44,127774,4737],{"class":58},[44,127776,57014],{"class":3034},[44,127778,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,127780,106],{"class":105},[44,127782,93],{"class":58},[44,127784,34075],{"class":89},[44,127786,86],{"class":58},[44,127788,127631],{"class":89},[44,127790,93],{"class":58},[44,127792,279],{"class":278},[44,127794,1545],{"class":282},[44,127796,279],{"class":278},[44,127798,4737],{"class":58},[44,127800,127694],{"class":3034},[44,127802,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,127804,106],{"class":105},[44,127806,93],{"class":58},[44,127808,34075],{"class":89},[44,127810,3031],{"class":58},[44,127812,127813],{"class":3034},"              # banana\n",[20,127815,20137,127816,127819,127820,86],{},[15,127817,127818],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127821,472],{},[30,127823,196],{"id":195},[20,127825,1531],{},[35,127827,127829],{"className":37,"code":127828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127830,127831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127832,127833,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127834,60543],{"class":50},[44,127836,86],{"class":58},[44,127838,127631],{"class":89},[44,127840,93],{"class":58},[44,127842,1188],{"class":89},[44,127844,66],{"class":58},[44,127846,35420],{"class":89},[44,127848,66],{"class":58},[44,127850,64409],{"class":89},[44,127852,99],{"class":58},[693,127854,16764],{"id":16763},[165,127856,127857,127861,127866],{},[168,127858,127859,122798],{},[15,127860,1188],{},[168,127862,127863,127865],{},[15,127864,35441],{},": optional starting position",[168,127867,127868,127870],{},[15,127869,52032],{},": optional ending position",[20,127872,127873,3766,127875,127877],{},[15,127874,35441],{},[15,127876,52032],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,127879,125935],{},[35,127881,127883],{"className":37,"code":127882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,127884,127885,127897,127901,127926,127955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127886,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127888,34054],{"class":50},[44,127890,55],{"class":54},[44,127892,290],{"class":278},[44,127894,59776],{"class":282},[44,127896,2727],{"class":278},[44,127898,127899],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,127900,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,127902,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127904,106],{"class":105},[44,127906,93],{"class":58},[44,127908,34075],{"class":89},[44,127910,86],{"class":58},[44,127912,127631],{"class":89},[44,127914,93],{"class":58},[44,127916,279],{"class":278},[44,127918,59842],{"class":282},[44,127920,279],{"class":278},[44,127922,4737],{"class":58},[44,127924,127925],{"class":3034},"        # 4\n",[44,127927,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,127929,106],{"class":105},[44,127931,93],{"class":58},[44,127933,34075],{"class":89},[44,127935,86],{"class":58},[44,127937,127631],{"class":89},[44,127939,93],{"class":58},[44,127941,279],{"class":278},[44,127943,59842],{"class":282},[44,127945,279],{"class":278},[44,127947,66],{"class":58},[44,127949,1064],{"class":62},[44,127951,4737],{"class":58},[44,127953,127954],{"class":3034},"     # 7\n",[44,127956,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983,127985],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,127958,106],{"class":105},[44,127960,93],{"class":58},[44,127962,34075],{"class":89},[44,127964,86],{"class":58},[44,127966,127631],{"class":89},[44,127968,93],{"class":58},[44,127970,279],{"class":278},[44,127972,59842],{"class":282},[44,127974,279],{"class":278},[44,127976,66],{"class":58},[44,127978,1064],{"class":62},[44,127980,66],{"class":58},[44,127982,5370],{"class":62},[44,127984,4737],{"class":58},[44,127986,127987],{"class":3034},"  # -1\n",[30,127989,37388],{"id":37387},[20,127991,56913,127992,127994],{},[15,127993,123601],{}," is always an integer.",[165,127996,127997,128003,128006],{},[168,127998,127999,128000,128002],{},"A number ",[15,128001,1491],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[168,128004,128005],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[168,128007,128008,128010],{},[15,128009,65223],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128012,894],{},[35,128014,128016],{"className":37,"code":128015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128017,128018,128030,128034,128059,128084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128019,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128021,34054],{"class":50},[44,128023,55],{"class":54},[44,128025,290],{"class":278},[44,128027,39],{"class":282},[44,128029,2727],{"class":278},[44,128031,128032],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128033,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128035,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128053,128055,128057],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128037,106],{"class":105},[44,128039,93],{"class":58},[44,128041,34075],{"class":89},[44,128043,86],{"class":58},[44,128045,127631],{"class":89},[44,128047,93],{"class":58},[44,128049,279],{"class":278},[44,128051,128052],{"class":282},"py",[44,128054,279],{"class":278},[44,128056,4737],{"class":58},[44,128058,20134],{"class":3034},[44,128060,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128078,128080,128082],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,128062,106],{"class":105},[44,128064,93],{"class":58},[44,128066,34075],{"class":89},[44,128068,86],{"class":58},[44,128070,127631],{"class":89},[44,128072,93],{"class":58},[44,128074,279],{"class":278},[44,128076,128077],{"class":282},"th",[44,128079,279],{"class":278},[44,128081,4737],{"class":58},[44,128083,57014],{"class":3034},[44,128085,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128087,106],{"class":105},[44,128089,93],{"class":58},[44,128091,34075],{"class":89},[44,128093,86],{"class":58},[44,128095,127631],{"class":89},[44,128097,93],{"class":58},[44,128099,279],{"class":278},[44,128101,21444],{"class":282},[44,128103,279],{"class":278},[44,128105,4737],{"class":58},[44,128107,127694],{"class":3034},[20,128109,89277,128110,7833,128112,188,128114,86],{},[15,128111,123601],{},[15,128113,987],{},[15,128115,3045],{},[20,128117,128118],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,128120,1123,128121,3766,128123],{"id":64775},[15,128122,35441],{},[15,128124,52032],{},[20,128126,148,128127,128129],{},[15,128128,35441],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128131,148,128132,128134],{},[15,128133,52032],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128136,1351,128137,74830,128139,128141],{},[15,128138,52032],{},[116,128140,64438],{}," in the search.",[35,128143,128145],{"className":37,"code":128144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128146,128147,128160,128164,128188,128217,128249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128148,128149,128151,128153,128155,128158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128150,34054],{"class":50},[44,128152,55],{"class":54},[44,128154,290],{"class":278},[44,128156,128157],{"class":282},"one two three two",[44,128159,2727],{"class":278},[44,128161,128162],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128163,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128165,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128167,106],{"class":105},[44,128169,93],{"class":58},[44,128171,34075],{"class":89},[44,128173,86],{"class":58},[44,128175,127631],{"class":89},[44,128177,93],{"class":58},[44,128179,279],{"class":278},[44,128181,78639],{"class":282},[44,128183,279],{"class":278},[44,128185,4737],{"class":58},[44,128187,127925],{"class":3034},[44,128189,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204,128206,128208,128210,128212,128214],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,128191,106],{"class":105},[44,128193,93],{"class":58},[44,128195,34075],{"class":89},[44,128197,86],{"class":58},[44,128199,127631],{"class":89},[44,128201,93],{"class":58},[44,128203,279],{"class":278},[44,128205,78639],{"class":282},[44,128207,279],{"class":278},[44,128209,66],{"class":58},[44,128211,1064],{"class":62},[44,128213,4737],{"class":58},[44,128215,128216],{"class":3034},"     # 14\n",[44,128218,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128220,106],{"class":105},[44,128222,93],{"class":58},[44,128224,34075],{"class":89},[44,128226,86],{"class":58},[44,128228,127631],{"class":89},[44,128230,93],{"class":58},[44,128232,279],{"class":278},[44,128234,78639],{"class":282},[44,128236,279],{"class":278},[44,128238,66],{"class":58},[44,128240,3204],{"class":62},[44,128242,66],{"class":58},[44,128244,5370],{"class":62},[44,128246,4737],{"class":58},[44,128248,50308],{"class":3034},[44,128250,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,128252,106],{"class":105},[44,128254,93],{"class":58},[44,128256,34075],{"class":89},[44,128258,86],{"class":58},[44,128260,127631],{"class":89},[44,128262,93],{"class":58},[44,128264,279],{"class":278},[44,128266,78639],{"class":282},[44,128268,279],{"class":278},[44,128270,66],{"class":58},[44,128272,3204],{"class":62},[44,128274,66],{"class":58},[44,128276,143],{"class":62},[44,128278,4737],{"class":58},[44,128280,127987],{"class":3034},[20,128282,128283],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128285,128286,128287,54440,128291,86],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[184,128288,128290],{"href":128289},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[184,128292,128294,128296],{"href":128293},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128295,59900],{}," string method",[30,128298,123253],{"id":123252},[20,128300,128301,123064],{},[15,128302,123601],{},[20,128304,126651,128305,3766,128307,128309],{},[15,128306,89785],{},[15,128308,63903],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,128311,128313],{"className":37,"code":128312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128314,128315,128328,128332,128356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128316,128317,128319,128321,128323,128326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128318,34054],{"class":50},[44,128320,55],{"class":54},[44,128322,290],{"class":278},[44,128324,128325],{"class":282},"Hello World",[44,128327,2727],{"class":278},[44,128329,128330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128331,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128333,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128335,106],{"class":105},[44,128337,93],{"class":58},[44,128339,34075],{"class":89},[44,128341,86],{"class":58},[44,128343,127631],{"class":89},[44,128345,93],{"class":58},[44,128347,279],{"class":278},[44,128349,34234],{"class":282},[44,128351,279],{"class":278},[44,128353,4737],{"class":58},[44,128355,50620],{"class":3034},[44,128357,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,128359,106],{"class":105},[44,128361,93],{"class":58},[44,128363,34075],{"class":89},[44,128365,86],{"class":58},[44,128367,127631],{"class":89},[44,128369,93],{"class":58},[44,128371,279],{"class":278},[44,128373,948],{"class":282},[44,128375,279],{"class":278},[44,128377,4737],{"class":58},[44,128379,127987],{"class":3034},[20,128381,128382],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,128384,128386],{"className":37,"code":128385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128387,128388,128400,128404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128389,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128391,34054],{"class":50},[44,128393,55],{"class":54},[44,128395,290],{"class":278},[44,128397,128325],{"class":282},[44,128399,2727],{"class":278},[44,128401,128402],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128403,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128405,128406,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128407,106],{"class":105},[44,128409,93],{"class":58},[44,128411,34075],{"class":89},[44,128413,86],{"class":58},[44,128415,8018],{"class":89},[44,128417,8015],{"class":58},[44,128419,127631],{"class":89},[44,128421,93],{"class":58},[44,128423,279],{"class":278},[44,128425,948],{"class":282},[44,128427,279],{"class":278},[44,128429,4737],{"class":58},[44,128431,50620],{"class":3034},[30,128433,128435,525,128437],{"id":128434},"find-vs-index",[15,128436,123601],{},[15,128438,58337],{},[20,128440,128441,3766,128443,128445],{},[15,128442,123601],{},[15,128444,58337],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[165,128447,128448,128454],{},[168,128449,128450,727,128452],{},[15,128451,123601],{},[15,128453,65223],{},[168,128455,128456,51868,128458],{},[15,128457,58337],{},[15,128459,40072],{},[20,128461,148,128462,128464],{},[15,128463,123601],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128466,148,128467,128469],{},[15,128468,58337],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,128471,128473],{"className":37,"code":128472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128474,128475,128487,128491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128476,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128478,34054],{"class":50},[44,128480,55],{"class":54},[44,128482,290],{"class":278},[44,128484,948],{"class":282},[44,128486,2727],{"class":278},[44,128488,128489],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128490,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128492,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128494,106],{"class":105},[44,128496,93],{"class":58},[44,128498,34075],{"class":89},[44,128500,86],{"class":58},[44,128502,127631],{"class":89},[44,128504,93],{"class":58},[44,128506,279],{"class":278},[44,128508,1545],{"class":282},[44,128510,279],{"class":278},[44,128512,4737],{"class":58},[44,128514,128515],{"class":3034},"   # -1\n",[35,128517,128519],{"className":37,"code":128518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128520,128521,128533,128537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128522,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128524,34054],{"class":50},[44,128526,55],{"class":54},[44,128528,290],{"class":278},[44,128530,948],{"class":282},[44,128532,2727],{"class":278},[44,128534,128535],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128536,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128538,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128540,106],{"class":105},[44,128542,93],{"class":58},[44,128544,34075],{"class":89},[44,128546,86],{"class":58},[44,128548,35214],{"class":89},[44,128550,93],{"class":58},[44,128552,279],{"class":278},[44,128554,1545],{"class":282},[44,128556,279],{"class":278},[44,128558,4737],{"class":58},[44,128560,128561],{"class":3034},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128563,128564,128565,128569,128570,128572,128573,86],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[184,128566,128567,128296],{"href":123626},[15,128568,58337],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128571,58337],{},", read ",[184,128574,25046,128575],{"href":72850},[15,128576,128577],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,128579,40414],{"id":40413},[20,128581,34773,128582,128584],{},[15,128583,123601],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[165,128586,128587,128590,128593,128596],{},[168,128588,128589],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[168,128591,128592],{},"Get the position of a word",[168,128594,128595],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[168,128597,128598],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128600,128601],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,128603,128605],{"className":37,"code":128604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128606,128607,128620,128643,128647,128662,128678,128697,128711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128608,128609,128611,128613,128615,128618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128610,34054],{"class":50},[44,128612,55],{"class":54},[44,128614,290],{"class":278},[44,128616,128617],{"class":282},"name:Alice",[44,128619,2727],{"class":278},[44,128621,128622,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128623,128624],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,128626,55],{"class":54},[44,128628,42211],{"class":50},[44,128630,86],{"class":58},[44,128632,127631],{"class":89},[44,128634,93],{"class":58},[44,128636,279],{"class":278},[44,128638,1084],{"class":282},[44,128640,279],{"class":278},[44,128642,99],{"class":58},[44,128644,128645],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128646,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128648,128649,128651,128654,128656,128658,128660],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,128650,6374],{"class":3246},[44,128652,128653],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,128655,71960],{"class":54},[44,128657,1594],{"class":54},[44,128659,63],{"class":62},[44,128661,5770],{"class":58},[44,128663,128664,128667,128669,128671,128673,128676],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128665,128666],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,128668,55],{"class":54},[44,128670,42211],{"class":50},[44,128672,74903],{"class":58},[44,128674,128675],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,128677,3005],{"class":58},[44,128679,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,128681,26768],{"class":50},[44,128683,55],{"class":54},[44,128685,42211],{"class":50},[44,128687,3270],{"class":58},[44,128689,128624],{"class":50},[44,128691,1430],{"class":54},[44,128693,4874],{"class":62},[44,128695,128696],{"class":58},":]\n",[44,128698,128699,128701,128703,128706,128708],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,128700,7447],{"class":105},[44,128702,93],{"class":58},[44,128704,128705],{"class":89},"label",[44,128707,3031],{"class":58},[44,128709,128710],{"class":3034},"  # name\n",[44,128712,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,128714,7447],{"class":105},[44,128716,93],{"class":58},[44,128718,1188],{"class":89},[44,128720,3031],{"class":58},[44,128722,128723],{"class":3034},"  # Alice\n",[20,128725,128726,128727,86],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[184,128728,126642],{"href":122861},[30,128730,1113],{"id":1112},[20,128732,128733,128734,1084],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128735,123601],{},[165,128737,128738,128747,128753,128758,128764],{},[168,128739,1129,128740,7833,128742,188,128744,128746],{},[15,128741,123601],{},[15,128743,987],{},[15,128745,3045],{}," instead of an index",[168,128748,128749,128750,128752],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128751,65223],{}," when the substring is missing",[168,128754,1123,128755,128757],{},[15,128756,123601],{}," without handling case differences",[168,128759,1138,128760,8082,128762],{},[15,128761,123601],{},[15,128763,58337],{},[168,128765,3953,128766,128768],{},[15,128767,123601],{}," changes the string",[20,128770,128771],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,128773,128775],{"className":37,"code":128774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128776,128777,128789,128793,128813,128828,128834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128778,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128780,34054],{"class":50},[44,128782,55],{"class":54},[44,128784,290],{"class":278},[44,128786,948],{"class":282},[44,128788,2727],{"class":278},[44,128790,128791],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128792,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128794,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128796,6374],{"class":3246},[44,128798,42211],{"class":50},[44,128800,86],{"class":58},[44,128802,127631],{"class":89},[44,128804,93],{"class":58},[44,128806,279],{"class":278},[44,128808,59808],{"class":282},[44,128810,279],{"class":278},[44,128812,7720],{"class":58},[44,128814,128815,128817,128819,128821,128824,128826],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,128816,7447],{"class":105},[44,128818,93],{"class":58},[44,128820,279],{"class":278},[44,128822,128823],{"class":282},"Found",[44,128825,279],{"class":278},[44,128827,99],{"class":58},[44,128829,128830,128832],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128831,26801],{"class":3246},[44,128833,5770],{"class":58},[44,128835,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,128837,7447],{"class":105},[44,128839,93],{"class":58},[44,128841,279],{"class":278},[44,128843,25682],{"class":282},[44,128845,279],{"class":278},[44,128847,99],{"class":58},[20,128849,99167],{},[35,128851,128853],{"className":37,"code":128852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,128854,128855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128856,128857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128858,128852],{"class":50},[20,128860,45074,128861,128864,128865,16441,128867,128869,128870,128872],{},[15,128862,128863],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128866,1491],{},[15,128868,1491],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,128871,6374],{}," statement.",[20,128874,128875],{},"A safer version is:",[35,128877,128879],{"className":37,"code":128878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128880,128881,128893,128897,128926,128940,128946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128882,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128884,34054],{"class":50},[44,128886,55],{"class":54},[44,128888,290],{"class":278},[44,128890,948],{"class":282},[44,128892,2727],{"class":278},[44,128894,128895],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128896,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,128898,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128920,128922,128924],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128900,6374],{"class":3246},[44,128902,42211],{"class":50},[44,128904,86],{"class":58},[44,128906,127631],{"class":89},[44,128908,93],{"class":58},[44,128910,279],{"class":278},[44,128912,59808],{"class":282},[44,128914,279],{"class":278},[44,128916,3031],{"class":58},[44,128918,128919],{"class":54}," !=",[44,128921,1594],{"class":54},[44,128923,63],{"class":62},[44,128925,5770],{"class":58},[44,128927,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,128929,7447],{"class":105},[44,128931,93],{"class":58},[44,128933,279],{"class":278},[44,128935,128823],{"class":282},[44,128937,279],{"class":278},[44,128939,99],{"class":58},[44,128941,128942,128944],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128943,26801],{"class":3246},[44,128945,5770],{"class":58},[44,128947,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,128949,7447],{"class":105},[44,128951,93],{"class":58},[44,128953,279],{"class":278},[44,128955,25682],{"class":282},[44,128957,279],{"class":278},[44,128959,99],{"class":58},[20,128961,128962],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,128964,128966],{"className":37,"code":128965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,128967,128968,128990,129004,129030,129044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128969,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986,128988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128971,106],{"class":105},[44,128973,93],{"class":58},[44,128975,34075],{"class":89},[44,128977,86],{"class":58},[44,128979,127631],{"class":89},[44,128981,93],{"class":58},[44,128983,351],{"class":278},[44,128985,37759],{"class":282},[44,128987,351],{"class":278},[44,128989,973],{"class":58},[44,128991,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,128993,106],{"class":105},[44,128995,93],{"class":58},[44,128997,41148],{"class":105},[44,128999,93],{"class":58},[44,129001,34075],{"class":89},[44,129003,973],{"class":58},[44,129005,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129007,106],{"class":105},[44,129009,93],{"class":58},[44,129011,34075],{"class":89},[44,129013,86],{"class":58},[44,129015,8018],{"class":89},[44,129017,8015],{"class":58},[44,129019,127631],{"class":89},[44,129021,93],{"class":58},[44,129023,351],{"class":278},[44,129025,37759],{"class":282},[44,129027,351],{"class":278},[44,129029,973],{"class":58},[44,129031,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,129033,106],{"class":105},[44,129035,93],{"class":58},[44,129037,10537],{"class":105},[44,129039,93],{"class":58},[44,129041,34075],{"class":89},[44,129043,973],{"class":58},[44,129045,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129047,106],{"class":105},[44,129049,93],{"class":58},[44,129051,34075],{"class":89},[44,129053,86],{"class":58},[44,129055,127631],{"class":89},[44,129057,93],{"class":58},[44,129059,351],{"class":278},[44,129061,37759],{"class":282},[44,129063,351],{"class":278},[44,129065,66],{"class":58},[44,129067,35420],{"class":89},[44,129069,66],{"class":58},[44,129071,64409],{"class":89},[44,129073,973],{"class":58},[20,129075,129076],{},"These help you check:",[165,129078,129079,129084,129089,129094,129097],{},[168,129080,129081,129082],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129083,123601],{},[168,129085,129086,129087],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129088,121820],{},[168,129090,129091,129092],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129093,123336],{},[168,129095,129096],{},"The string length",[168,129098,129099,129100,3766,129102,129104],{},"Whether your ",[15,129101,35441],{},[15,129103,52032],{}," values are correct",[30,129106,1235],{"id":1234},[693,129108,129110,129111,129113],{"id":129109},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129112,123601],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129115,4522,129116,86],{},[15,129117,65223],{},[693,129119,1239,129121,129123],{"id":129120},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129122,123601],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129125,129126],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[693,129128,129130,129131,123942],{"id":129129},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129132,123601],{},[20,129134,129135],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[693,129137,4554,129139,3766,129141,69024],{"id":129138},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129140,123601],{},[15,129142,58337],{},[20,129144,129145,727,129147,129149,129150,51868,129152,86],{},[15,129146,123601],{},[15,129148,65223],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129151,58337],{},[15,129153,40072],{},[693,129155,27696,129157,129159],{"id":129156},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129158,123601],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129161,129162,129163,3766,129165,65522],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129164,35441],{},[15,129166,52032],{},[30,129168,1279],{"id":1278},[165,129170,129171,129177,129183,129190,129196,129203,129207,129212],{},[168,129172,129173],{},[184,129174,125606,129175,718],{"href":123626},[15,129176,58337],{},[168,129178,129179],{},[184,129180,125606,129181,718],{"href":128293},[15,129182,59900],{},[168,129184,129185],{},[184,129186,125606,129188,718],{"href":129187},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129189,123777],{},[168,129191,129192],{},[184,129193,125606,129194,718],{"href":126971},[15,129195,126974],{},[168,129197,129198],{},[184,129199,125606,129201,718],{"href":129200},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129202,125664],{},[168,129204,129205],{},[184,129206,124005],{"href":122861},[168,129208,129209],{},[184,129210,129211],{"href":128289},"How to split a string in Python",[168,129213,129214],{},[184,129215,25489,129216],{"href":72850},[15,129217,128577],{},[1304,129219,129220],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":129222},[129223,129225,129228,129229,129230,129231,129233,129234,129235,129247],{"id":127707,"depth":80,"text":129224},"What find() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":129226},[129227],{"id":16763,"depth":102,"text":16764},{"id":37387,"depth":80,"text":37388},{"id":64775,"depth":80,"text":65558},{"id":123252,"depth":80,"text":123253},{"id":128434,"depth":80,"text":129232},"find() vs index()",{"id":40413,"depth":80,"text":40414},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":129236},[129237,129239,129241,129243,129245],{"id":129109,"depth":102,"text":129238},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129120,"depth":102,"text":129240},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129129,"depth":102,"text":129242},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129138,"depth":102,"text":129244},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129156,"depth":102,"text":129246},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127579,"description":129248},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129255,"title":129256,"body":129257,"description":131183,"extension":1334,"meta":131184,"navigation":322,"path":131185,"seo":131186,"stem":131187,"__hash__":131188},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129258,"toc":131151},[129259,129264,129269,129272,129274,129350,129354,129382,129390,129394,129399,129403,129420,129422,129489,129493,129515,129523,129525,129528,129552,129555,129569,129571,129656,129660,129672,129675,129679,129685,129735,129739,129756,129765,129768,129776,129779,129828,129832,129857,129860,129915,129919,129931,129937,129941,129947,129952,130019,130023,130049,130052,130063,130065,130132,130136,130161,130168,130172,130177,130184,130192,130194,130246,130250,130268,130270,130315,130319,130334,130337,130347,130354,130356,130360,130363,130374,130376,130436,130440,130468,130471,130477,130482,130485,130489,130533,130536,130574,130577,130585,130587,130592,130596,130599,130647,130650,130653,130709,130713,130718,130721,130770,130772,130821,130827,130832,130834,130881,130885,130898,130900,130951,130957,130960,130964,130967,130973,130978,130980,130983,131055,131058,131075,131077,131082,131085,131089,131095,131101,131108,131114,131120,131122,131148],[10,129260,122606,129262,18],{"id":129261},"python-string-format-method",[15,129263,125609],{},[20,129265,122611,129266,129268],{},[15,129267,125609],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129270,129271],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,129273,33],{"id":32},[35,129275,129277],{"className":37,"code":129276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129278,129279,129291,129299,129303,129340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129280,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129282,7254],{"class":50},[44,129284,55],{"class":54},[44,129286,290],{"class":278},[44,129288,10881],{"class":282},[44,129290,2727],{"class":278},[44,129292,129293,129295,129297],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129294,20995],{"class":50},[44,129296,55],{"class":54},[44,129298,88166],{"class":62},[44,129300,129301],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129302,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,129304,129305,129307,129309,129311,129314,129316,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129330,129332,129334,129336,129338],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,129306,89374],{"class":50},[44,129308,55],{"class":54},[44,129310,290],{"class":278},[44,129312,129313],{"class":282},"My name is ",[44,129315,3162],{"class":62},[44,129317,129318],{"class":282}," and I am ",[44,129320,3162],{"class":62},[44,129322,121602],{"class":282},[44,129324,279],{"class":278},[44,129326,86],{"class":58},[44,129328,129329],{"class":89},"format",[44,129331,93],{"class":58},[44,129333,7046],{"class":89},[44,129335,66],{"class":58},[44,129337,8567],{"class":89},[44,129339,99],{"class":58},[44,129341,129342,129344,129346,129348],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129343,106],{"class":105},[44,129345,93],{"class":58},[44,129347,89391],{"class":89},[44,129349,99],{"class":58},[20,129351,129352],{},[116,129353,118],{},[35,129355,129357],{"className":37,"code":129356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129358,129359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129360,129361,129364,129366,129369,129372,129375,129378,129380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129362,129363],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,129365,11566],{"class":54},[44,129367,129368],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,129370,129371],{"class":54},"and",[44,129373,129374],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,129376,129377],{"class":62},"12",[44,129379,121635],{"class":50},[44,129381,121638],{"class":58},[20,129383,148,129384,129386,129387,129389],{},[15,129385,3162],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129388,125609],{}," in the same order.",[20,129391,124358,129392,86],{},[184,129393,124361],{"href":50348},[30,129395,12369,129397,12372],{"id":129396},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129398,125609],{},[20,129400,1351,129401,10788],{},[15,129402,125609],{},[165,129404,129405,129408,129414,129417],{},[168,129406,129407],{},"inserts values into a string",[168,129409,129410,129411,129413],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129412,3162],{}," with given values",[168,129415,129416],{},"returns a new string",[168,129418,129419],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129421,894],{},[35,129423,129425],{"className":37,"code":129424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129426,129427,129441,129464,129468,129479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129428,129429,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129430,34054],{"class":50},[44,129432,55],{"class":54},[44,129434,290],{"class":278},[44,129436,44272],{"class":282},[44,129438,3162],{"class":62},[44,129440,2727],{"class":278},[44,129442,129443,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129444,129445],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,129447,55],{"class":54},[44,129449,42211],{"class":50},[44,129451,86],{"class":58},[44,129453,129329],{"class":89},[44,129455,93],{"class":58},[44,129457,279],{"class":278},[44,129459,7055],{"class":282},[44,129461,279],{"class":278},[44,129463,99],{"class":58},[44,129465,129466],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129467,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,129469,129470,129472,129474,129477],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,129471,106],{"class":105},[44,129473,93],{"class":58},[44,129475,129476],{"class":89},"new_text",[44,129478,99],{"class":58},[44,129480,129481,129483,129485,129487],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129482,106],{"class":105},[44,129484,93],{"class":58},[44,129486,34075],{"class":89},[44,129488,99],{"class":58},[20,129490,129491],{},[116,129492,118],{},[35,129494,129496],{"className":37,"code":129495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129497,129498,129507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129499,129500,129502,129504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129501,34234],{"class":50},[44,129503,66],{"class":58},[44,129505,129506],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,129508,129509,129511,129513],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129510,34234],{"class":50},[44,129512,66],{"class":58},[44,129514,9215],{"class":58},[20,129516,1659,129517,129519,129520,129522],{},[15,129518,34075],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129521,125609],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,129524,196],{"id":195},[20,129526,129527],{},"The general form is:",[35,129529,129531],{"className":37,"code":129530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129532,129533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129534,129535,129537,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129536,279],{"class":42698},[44,129538,129539],{"class":42702},"text {}",[44,129541,279],{"class":42698},[44,129543,86],{"class":58},[44,129545,129329],{"class":89},[44,129547,93],{"class":58},[44,129549,1188],{"class":89},[44,129551,99],{"class":58},[20,129553,129554],{},"Key idea:",[165,129556,129557,129563,129566],{},[168,129558,129559,129560,129562],{},"each ",[15,129561,3162],{}," is a placeholder",[168,129564,129565],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[168,129567,129568],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129570,894],{},[35,129572,129574],{"className":37,"code":129573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129575,129576,129589,129603,129607,129645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129577,129578,129581,129583,129585,129587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129579,129580],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,129582,55],{"class":54},[44,129584,290],{"class":278},[44,129586,36415],{"class":282},[44,129588,2727],{"class":278},[44,129590,129591,129594,129596,129598,129601],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129592,129593],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,129595,55],{"class":54},[44,129597,290],{"class":278},[44,129599,129600],{"class":282},"meow",[44,129602,2727],{"class":278},[44,129604,129605],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129606,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,129608,129609,129612,129614,129616,129618,129620,129623,129625,129627,129629,129631,129633,129635,129638,129640,129643],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,129610,129611],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,129613,55],{"class":54},[44,129615,290],{"class":278},[44,129617,1351],{"class":282},[44,129619,3162],{"class":62},[44,129621,129622],{"class":282}," says ",[44,129624,3162],{"class":62},[44,129626,86],{"class":282},[44,129628,279],{"class":278},[44,129630,86],{"class":58},[44,129632,129329],{"class":89},[44,129634,93],{"class":58},[44,129636,129637],{"class":89},"animal",[44,129639,66],{"class":58},[44,129641,129642],{"class":89}," sound",[44,129644,99],{"class":58},[44,129646,129647,129649,129651,129654],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129648,106],{"class":105},[44,129650,93],{"class":58},[44,129652,129653],{"class":89},"sentence",[44,129655,99],{"class":58},[20,129657,129658],{},[116,129659,118],{},[35,129661,129663],{"className":37,"code":129662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129664,129665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129666,129667,129670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129668,129669],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,129671,121638],{"class":58},[20,129673,129674],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,129676,129678],{"id":129677},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129680,129681,129682,129684],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129683,3162],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,129686,129688],{"className":37,"code":129687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129689,129690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129691,129692,129694,129696,129698,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719,129722,129724,129726,129728,129731,129733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129693,106],{"class":105},[44,129695,93],{"class":58},[44,129697,279],{"class":278},[44,129699,129700],{"class":282},"I like ",[44,129702,3162],{"class":62},[44,129704,3766],{"class":282},[44,129706,3162],{"class":62},[44,129708,86],{"class":282},[44,129710,279],{"class":278},[44,129712,86],{"class":58},[44,129714,129329],{"class":89},[44,129716,93],{"class":58},[44,129718,279],{"class":278},[44,129720,129721],{"class":282},"pizza",[44,129723,279],{"class":278},[44,129725,66],{"class":58},[44,129727,290],{"class":278},[44,129729,129730],{"class":282},"pasta",[44,129732,279],{"class":278},[44,129734,973],{"class":58},[20,129736,129737],{},[116,129738,118],{},[35,129740,129742],{"className":37,"code":129741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129743,129744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129745,129746,129749,129751,129754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129747,129748],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,129750,129371],{"class":54},[44,129752,129753],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,129755,121638],{"class":58},[20,129757,129758,129759,3766,129762,86],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129760,129761],{},"{0}",[15,129763,129764],{},"{1}",[20,129766,129767],{},"This is helpful when:",[165,129769,129770,129773],{},[168,129771,129772],{},"you want to reuse a value",[168,129774,129775],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129777,129778],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,129780,129782],{"className":37,"code":129781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129783,129784,129818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129785,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129797,129799,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810,129812,129814,129816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129787,34054],{"class":50},[44,129789,55],{"class":54},[44,129791,290],{"class":278},[44,129793,129761],{"class":62},[44,129795,129796],{"class":282}," is learning Python. ",[44,129798,129761],{"class":62},[44,129800,129801],{"class":282}," likes coding.",[44,129803,279],{"class":278},[44,129805,86],{"class":58},[44,129807,129329],{"class":89},[44,129809,93],{"class":58},[44,129811,279],{"class":278},[44,129813,19248],{"class":282},[44,129815,279],{"class":278},[44,129817,99],{"class":58},[44,129819,129820,129822,129824,129826],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129821,106],{"class":105},[44,129823,93],{"class":58},[44,129825,34075],{"class":89},[44,129827,99],{"class":58},[20,129829,129830],{},[116,129831,118],{},[35,129833,129835],{"className":37,"code":129834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129836,129837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129838,129839,129842,129844,129847,129849,129852,129855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129840,129841],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,129843,11566],{"class":54},[44,129845,129846],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,129848,86],{"class":58},[44,129850,129851],{"class":1219}," Lina",[44,129853,129854],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,129856,121638],{"class":58},[20,129858,129859],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,129861,129863],{"className":37,"code":129862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129864,129865,129905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129866,129867,129869,129871,129873,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883,129885,129887,129889,129891,129893,129895,129897,129899,129901,129903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129868,34054],{"class":50},[44,129870,55],{"class":54},[44,129872,290],{"class":278},[44,129874,129764],{"class":62},[44,129876,82693],{"class":282},[44,129878,129761],{"class":62},[44,129880,86],{"class":282},[44,129882,279],{"class":278},[44,129884,86],{"class":58},[44,129886,129329],{"class":89},[44,129888,93],{"class":58},[44,129890,279],{"class":278},[44,129892,5961],{"class":282},[44,129894,279],{"class":278},[44,129896,66],{"class":58},[44,129898,290],{"class":278},[44,129900,78639],{"class":282},[44,129902,279],{"class":278},[44,129904,99],{"class":58},[44,129906,129907,129909,129911,129913],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,129908,106],{"class":105},[44,129910,93],{"class":58},[44,129912,34075],{"class":89},[44,129914,99],{"class":58},[20,129916,129917],{},[116,129918,118],{},[35,129920,129922],{"className":37,"code":129921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,129923,129924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129925,129926,129929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129927,129928],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,129930,121638],{"class":58},[20,129932,129933,129934,129936],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,129935,3162],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,129938,129940],{"id":129939},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,129942,129943,129944,86],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,129945,129946],{},"{name}",[20,129948,129949,129950,1084],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,129951,125609],{},[35,129953,129955],{"className":37,"code":129954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129956,129957,130009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129958,129959,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129972,129975,129977,129979,129981,129983,129985,129987,129989,129991,129993,129995,129997,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129960,34054],{"class":50},[44,129962,55],{"class":54},[44,129964,290],{"class":278},[44,129966,129313],{"class":282},[44,129968,129946],{"class":62},[44,129970,129971],{"class":282}," and I live in ",[44,129973,129974],{"class":62},"{city}",[44,129976,86],{"class":282},[44,129978,279],{"class":278},[44,129980,86],{"class":58},[44,129982,129329],{"class":89},[44,129984,93],{"class":58},[44,129986,7046],{"class":8554},[44,129988,55],{"class":54},[44,129990,279],{"class":278},[44,129992,12253],{"class":282},[44,129994,279],{"class":278},[44,129996,66],{"class":58},[44,129998,30750],{"class":8554},[44,130000,55],{"class":54},[44,130002,279],{"class":278},[44,130004,15399],{"class":282},[44,130006,279],{"class":278},[44,130008,99],{"class":58},[44,130010,130011,130013,130015,130017],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130012,106],{"class":105},[44,130014,93],{"class":58},[44,130016,34075],{"class":89},[44,130018,99],{"class":58},[20,130020,130021],{},[116,130022,118],{},[35,130024,130026],{"className":37,"code":130025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130027,130028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130029,130030,130032,130034,130037,130039,130042,130044,130047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130031,129363],{"class":50},[44,130033,11566],{"class":54},[44,130035,130036],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,130038,129371],{"class":54},[44,130040,130041],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,130043,3253],{"class":54},[44,130045,130046],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,130048,121638],{"class":58},[20,130050,130051],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[165,130053,130054,130057,130060],{},[168,130055,130056],{},"they make code easier to read",[168,130058,130059],{},"they help when a string has many values",[168,130061,130062],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130064,894],{},[35,130066,130068],{"className":37,"code":130067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130069,130070,130122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130071,130072,130075,130077,130079,130082,130085,130088,130091,130093,130095,130097,130099,130101,130103,130105,130108,130110,130112,130115,130117,130120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130073,130074],{"class":50},"report ",[44,130076,55],{"class":54},[44,130078,290],{"class":278},[44,130080,130081],{"class":282},"Student: ",[44,130083,130084],{"class":62},"{student}",[44,130086,130087],{"class":282},", Score: ",[44,130089,130090],{"class":62},"{score}",[44,130092,279],{"class":278},[44,130094,86],{"class":58},[44,130096,129329],{"class":89},[44,130098,93],{"class":58},[44,130100,12997],{"class":8554},[44,130102,55],{"class":54},[44,130104,279],{"class":278},[44,130106,130107],{"class":282},"Noah",[44,130109,279],{"class":278},[44,130111,66],{"class":58},[44,130113,130114],{"class":8554}," score",[44,130116,55],{"class":54},[44,130118,130119],{"class":62},"95",[44,130121,99],{"class":58},[44,130123,130124,130126,130128,130130],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130125,106],{"class":105},[44,130127,93],{"class":58},[44,130129,127319],{"class":89},[44,130131,99],{"class":58},[20,130133,130134],{},[116,130135,118],{},[35,130137,130139],{"className":37,"code":130138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130140,130141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130142,130143,130146,130148,130151,130153,130156,130158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130144,130145],{"class":50},"Student",[44,130147,1084],{"class":58},[44,130149,130150],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,130152,66],{"class":58},[44,130154,130155],{"class":50}," Score",[44,130157,1084],{"class":58},[44,130159,130160],{"class":62}," 95\n",[20,130162,130163,130164,86],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[184,130165,2945,130166,2878],{"href":41544},[15,130167,47055],{},[30,130169,130171],{"id":130170},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130173,130174,130176],{},[15,130175,125609],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130178,130179,130180,130183],{},"A common example is ",[15,130181,130182],{},":.2f",", which means:",[165,130185,130186,130189],{},[168,130187,130188],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[168,130190,130191],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130193,894],{},[35,130195,130197],{"className":37,"code":130196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130198,130199,130207,130236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130200,130201,130203,130205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130202,39756],{"class":50},[44,130204,55],{"class":54},[44,130206,48648],{"class":62},[44,130208,130209,130211,130213,130215,130218,130220,130222,130224,130226,130228,130230,130232,130234],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130210,34054],{"class":50},[44,130212,55],{"class":54},[44,130214,290],{"class":278},[44,130216,130217],{"class":282},"Price: $",[44,130219,128],{"class":62},[44,130221,130182],{"class":1436},[44,130223,21670],{"class":62},[44,130225,279],{"class":278},[44,130227,86],{"class":58},[44,130229,129329],{"class":89},[44,130231,93],{"class":58},[44,130233,24516],{"class":89},[44,130235,99],{"class":58},[44,130237,130238,130240,130242,130244],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130239,106],{"class":105},[44,130241,93],{"class":58},[44,130243,34075],{"class":89},[44,130245,99],{"class":58},[20,130247,130248],{},[116,130249,118],{},[35,130251,130253],{"className":37,"code":130252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130254,130255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130256,130257,130260,130262,130265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130258,130259],{"class":50},"Price",[44,130261,1084],{"class":58},[44,130263,130264],{"class":36734}," $",[44,130266,130267],{"class":62},"3.50\n",[20,130269,51453],{},[35,130271,130273],{"className":37,"code":130272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130274,130275,130285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130276,130277,130280,130282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130278,130279],{"class":50},"average ",[44,130281,55],{"class":54},[44,130283,130284],{"class":62}," 91.236\n",[44,130286,130287,130289,130291,130293,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310,130313],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130288,106],{"class":105},[44,130290,93],{"class":58},[44,130292,279],{"class":278},[44,130294,130295],{"class":282},"Average: ",[44,130297,128],{"class":62},[44,130299,130182],{"class":1436},[44,130301,21670],{"class":62},[44,130303,279],{"class":278},[44,130305,86],{"class":58},[44,130307,129329],{"class":89},[44,130309,93],{"class":58},[44,130311,130312],{"class":89},"average",[44,130314,973],{"class":58},[20,130316,130317],{},[116,130318,118],{},[35,130320,130322],{"className":37,"code":130321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130323,130324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130325,130326,130329,130331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130327,130328],{"class":50},"Average",[44,130330,1084],{"class":58},[44,130332,130333],{"class":62}," 91.24\n",[20,130335,130336],{},"This is useful for:",[165,130338,130339,130341,130344],{},[168,130340,82451],{},[168,130342,130343],{},"averages",[168,130345,130346],{},"percentages",[20,130348,130349,130350,86],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[184,130351,2945,130352,1676],{"href":45820},[15,130353,45823],{},[30,130355,722],{"id":721},[20,130357,130358,91888],{},[15,130359,125609],{},[20,130361,130362],{},"That means you can:",[165,130364,130365,130368,130371],{},[168,130366,130367],{},"save it in a variable",[168,130369,130370],{},"print it directly",[168,130372,130373],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130375,894],{},[35,130377,130379],{"className":37,"code":130378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130380,130381,130412,130422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130382,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399,130401,130403,130405,130408,130410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130384,89374],{"class":50},[44,130386,55],{"class":54},[44,130388,290],{"class":278},[44,130390,44272],{"class":282},[44,130392,3162],{"class":62},[44,130394,89215],{"class":282},[44,130396,279],{"class":278},[44,130398,86],{"class":58},[44,130400,129329],{"class":89},[44,130402,93],{"class":58},[44,130404,279],{"class":278},[44,130406,130407],{"class":282},"Chris",[44,130409,279],{"class":278},[44,130411,99],{"class":58},[44,130413,130414,130416,130418,130420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130415,106],{"class":105},[44,130417,93],{"class":58},[44,130419,89391],{"class":89},[44,130421,99],{"class":58},[44,130423,130424,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130425,106],{"class":105},[44,130427,93],{"class":58},[44,130429,1090],{"class":909},[44,130431,93],{"class":58},[44,130433,89391],{"class":89},[44,130435,973],{"class":58},[20,130437,130438],{},[116,130439,118],{},[35,130441,130443],{"className":37,"code":130442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130444,130445,130454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130446,130447,130449,130451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130448,34234],{"class":50},[44,130450,66],{"class":58},[44,130452,130453],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,130455,130456,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130457,2659],{"class":54},[44,130459,2662],{"class":1436},[44,130461,360],{"class":278},[44,130463,2812],{"class":282},[44,130465,351],{"class":278},[44,130467,2671],{"class":54},[20,130469,130470],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,130472,130474,130476],{"id":130473},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130475,125609],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130478,130479,130481],{},[15,130480,125609],{}," is a string method.",[20,130483,130484],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130486,45411,130487,1084],{},[15,130488,125609],{},[35,130490,130492],{"className":37,"code":130491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130493,130494,130507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130495,130496,130498,130500,130502,130505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130497,7254],{"class":50},[44,130499,55],{"class":54},[44,130501,290],{"class":278},[44,130503,130504],{"class":282},"Rita",[44,130506,2727],{"class":278},[44,130508,130509,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525,130527,130529,130531],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130510,106],{"class":105},[44,130512,93],{"class":58},[44,130514,279],{"class":278},[44,130516,44272],{"class":282},[44,130518,3162],{"class":62},[44,130520,89215],{"class":282},[44,130522,279],{"class":278},[44,130524,86],{"class":58},[44,130526,129329],{"class":89},[44,130528,93],{"class":58},[44,130530,7046],{"class":89},[44,130532,973],{"class":58},[20,130534,130535],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,130537,130539],{"className":37,"code":130538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130540,130541,130553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130542,130543,130545,130547,130549,130551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130544,7254],{"class":50},[44,130546,55],{"class":54},[44,130548,290],{"class":278},[44,130550,130504],{"class":282},[44,130552,2727],{"class":278},[44,130554,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130572],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130556,106],{"class":105},[44,130558,93],{"class":58},[44,130560,21661],{"class":1436},[44,130562,42716],{"class":282},[44,130564,128],{"class":62},[44,130566,7046],{"class":89},[44,130568,21670],{"class":62},[44,130570,130571],{"class":282},"!\"",[44,130573,99],{"class":58},[20,130575,130576],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130578,130579,130580,130582,130583,86],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130581,125609],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[184,130584,89060],{"href":89059},[30,130586,1113],{"id":1112},[20,130588,130589,130590,86],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130591,125609],{},[693,130593,130595],{"id":130594},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130597,130598],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,130600,130602],{"className":37,"code":130601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130603,130604,130637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130605,130606,130608,130610,130612,130614,130616,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130607,34054],{"class":50},[44,130609,55],{"class":54},[44,130611,290],{"class":278},[44,130613,44272],{"class":282},[44,130615,3162],{"class":62},[44,130617,130618],{"class":62}," {}",[44,130620,89215],{"class":282},[44,130622,279],{"class":278},[44,130624,86],{"class":58},[44,130626,129329],{"class":89},[44,130628,93],{"class":58},[44,130630,279],{"class":278},[44,130632,7055],{"class":282},[44,130634,279],{"class":278},[44,130636,99],{"class":58},[44,130638,130639,130641,130643,130645],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130640,106],{"class":105},[44,130642,93],{"class":58},[44,130644,34075],{"class":89},[44,130646,99],{"class":58},[20,130648,130649],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130651,130652],{},"Fixed version:",[35,130654,130656],{"className":37,"code":130655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130657,130658,130699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130659,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130695,130697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130661,34054],{"class":50},[44,130663,55],{"class":54},[44,130665,290],{"class":278},[44,130667,44272],{"class":282},[44,130669,3162],{"class":62},[44,130671,130618],{"class":62},[44,130673,89215],{"class":282},[44,130675,279],{"class":278},[44,130677,86],{"class":58},[44,130679,129329],{"class":89},[44,130681,93],{"class":58},[44,130683,279],{"class":278},[44,130685,7055],{"class":282},[44,130687,279],{"class":278},[44,130689,66],{"class":58},[44,130691,290],{"class":278},[44,130693,130694],{"class":282},"Lee",[44,130696,279],{"class":278},[44,130698,99],{"class":58},[44,130700,130701,130703,130705,130707],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130702,106],{"class":105},[44,130704,93],{"class":58},[44,130706,34075],{"class":89},[44,130708,99],{"class":58},[693,130710,130712],{"id":130711},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130714,130715,130716,86],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130717,125609],{},[20,130719,130720],{},"Problem:",[35,130722,130724],{"className":37,"code":130723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130725,130726,130760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130727,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130729,34054],{"class":50},[44,130731,55],{"class":54},[44,130733,290],{"class":278},[44,130735,44272],{"class":282},[44,130737,129946],{"class":62},[44,130739,89215],{"class":282},[44,130741,279],{"class":278},[44,130743,86],{"class":58},[44,130745,129329],{"class":89},[44,130747,93],{"class":58},[44,130749,7363],{"class":8554},[44,130751,55],{"class":54},[44,130753,279],{"class":278},[44,130755,7055],{"class":282},[44,130757,279],{"class":278},[44,130759,99],{"class":58},[44,130761,130762,130764,130766,130768],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130763,106],{"class":105},[44,130765,93],{"class":58},[44,130767,34075],{"class":89},[44,130769,99],{"class":58},[20,130771,130652],{},[35,130773,130775],{"className":37,"code":130774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130776,130777,130811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130778,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130780,34054],{"class":50},[44,130782,55],{"class":54},[44,130784,290],{"class":278},[44,130786,44272],{"class":282},[44,130788,129946],{"class":62},[44,130790,89215],{"class":282},[44,130792,279],{"class":278},[44,130794,86],{"class":58},[44,130796,129329],{"class":89},[44,130798,93],{"class":58},[44,130800,7046],{"class":8554},[44,130802,55],{"class":54},[44,130804,279],{"class":278},[44,130806,7055],{"class":282},[44,130808,279],{"class":278},[44,130810,99],{"class":58},[44,130812,130813,130815,130817,130819],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130814,106],{"class":105},[44,130816,93],{"class":58},[44,130818,34075],{"class":89},[44,130820,99],{"class":58},[693,130822,1129,130824,130826],{"id":130823},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130825,125609],{}," to change the original string",[20,130828,130829,130831],{},[15,130830,125609],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130833,130720],{},[35,130835,130837],{"className":37,"code":130836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130838,130839,130853,130871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130840,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130842,34054],{"class":50},[44,130844,55],{"class":54},[44,130846,290],{"class":278},[44,130848,44272],{"class":282},[44,130850,3162],{"class":62},[44,130852,2727],{"class":278},[44,130854,130855,130857,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130856,34075],{"class":50},[44,130858,86],{"class":58},[44,130860,129329],{"class":89},[44,130862,93],{"class":58},[44,130864,279],{"class":278},[44,130866,7055],{"class":282},[44,130868,279],{"class":278},[44,130870,99],{"class":58},[44,130872,130873,130875,130877,130879],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130874,106],{"class":105},[44,130876,93],{"class":58},[44,130878,34075],{"class":89},[44,130880,99],{"class":58},[20,130882,130883],{},[116,130884,118],{},[35,130886,130888],{"className":37,"code":130887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,130889,130890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130891,130892,130894,130896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130893,34234],{"class":50},[44,130895,66],{"class":58},[44,130897,9215],{"class":58},[20,130899,130652],{},[35,130901,130903],{"className":37,"code":130902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130904,130905,130919,130941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130906,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130908,34054],{"class":50},[44,130910,55],{"class":54},[44,130912,290],{"class":278},[44,130914,44272],{"class":282},[44,130916,3162],{"class":62},[44,130918,2727],{"class":278},[44,130920,130921,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933,130935,130937,130939],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,130922,34054],{"class":50},[44,130924,55],{"class":54},[44,130926,42211],{"class":50},[44,130928,86],{"class":58},[44,130930,129329],{"class":89},[44,130932,93],{"class":58},[44,130934,279],{"class":278},[44,130936,7055],{"class":282},[44,130938,279],{"class":278},[44,130940,99],{"class":58},[44,130942,130943,130945,130947,130949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130944,106],{"class":105},[44,130946,93],{"class":58},[44,130948,34075],{"class":89},[44,130950,99],{"class":58},[693,130952,4077,130954,130956],{"id":130953},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,130955,125609],{}," returns a new string",[20,130958,130959],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[693,130961,130963],{"id":130962},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,130965,130966],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,130968,130969,130970,130972],{},"Use simple ",[15,130971,3162],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,130974,130975,130976,86],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[184,130977,89773],{"href":89772},[30,130979,67264],{"id":67263},[20,130981,130982],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,130984,130986],{"className":37,"code":130985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,130987,130988,130998,131012,131041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130989,130990,130992,130994,130996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130991,106],{"class":105},[44,130993,93],{"class":58},[44,130995,34075],{"class":89},[44,130997,99],{"class":58},[44,130999,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131001,106],{"class":105},[44,131003,93],{"class":58},[44,131005,1090],{"class":909},[44,131007,93],{"class":58},[44,131009,1188],{"class":89},[44,131011,973],{"class":58},[44,131013,131014,131016,131018,131020,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131015,106],{"class":105},[44,131017,93],{"class":58},[44,131019,279],{"class":278},[44,131021,131022],{"class":282},"Hello ",[44,131024,3162],{"class":62},[44,131026,279],{"class":278},[44,131028,86],{"class":58},[44,131030,129329],{"class":89},[44,131032,93],{"class":58},[44,131034,279],{"class":278},[44,131036,7055],{"class":282},[44,131038,279],{"class":278},[44,131040,973],{"class":58},[44,131042,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,131044,1209],{"class":105},[44,131046,93],{"class":58},[44,131048,2812],{"class":909},[44,131050,86],{"class":58},[44,131052,129329],{"class":1219},[44,131054,99],{"class":58},[20,131056,131057],{},"Use them to check:",[165,131059,131060,131063,131066,131069],{},[168,131061,131062],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[168,131064,131065],{},"what type your value has",[168,131067,131068],{},"whether a small test example works",[168,131070,131071,131072],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131073,131074],{},"str.format",[30,131076,1235],{"id":1234},[693,131078,129110,131080,12088],{"id":131079},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131081,125609],{},[20,131083,131084],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[693,131086,131088],{"id":131087},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131090,131091,131092,131094],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131093,3162],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[693,131096,131098,131099,1863],{"id":131097},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131100,125609],{},[20,131102,131103,131104,131107],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131105,131106],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[693,131109,14274,131111,131113],{"id":131110},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131112,125609],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131115,131116,131117,131119],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131118,125609],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,131121,1279],{"id":1278},[165,131123,131124,131128,131132,131138,131144],{},[168,131125,131126],{},[184,131127,124361],{"href":50348},[168,131129,131130],{},[184,131131,90050],{"href":89059},[168,131133,131134],{},[184,131135,2945,131136,2878],{"href":45820},[15,131137,45823],{},[168,131139,131140],{},[184,131141,2945,131142,2878],{"href":41544},[15,131143,47055],{},[168,131145,131146],{},[184,131147,89773],{"href":89772},[1304,131149,131150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":131152},[131153,131154,131156,131157,131158,131159,131160,131161,131163,131172,131173,131182],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":129396,"depth":80,"text":131155},"What the format() method does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":129677,"depth":80,"text":129678},{"id":129939,"depth":80,"text":129940},{"id":130170,"depth":80,"text":130171},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":130473,"depth":80,"text":131162},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":131164},[131165,131166,131167,131169,131171],{"id":130594,"depth":102,"text":130595},{"id":130711,"depth":102,"text":130712},{"id":130823,"depth":102,"text":131168},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":130953,"depth":102,"text":131170},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":130962,"depth":102,"text":130963},{"id":67263,"depth":80,"text":67264},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":131174},[131175,131177,131178,131180],{"id":131079,"depth":102,"text":131176},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131087,"depth":102,"text":131088},{"id":131097,"depth":102,"text":131179},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131110,"depth":102,"text":131181},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129256,"description":131183},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131190,"title":131191,"body":131192,"description":132672,"extension":1334,"meta":132673,"navigation":322,"path":132674,"seo":132675,"stem":132676,"__hash__":132677},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131193,"toc":132644},[131194,131199,131204,131209,131211,131273,131280,131286,131291,131293,131309,131311,131382,131384,131398,131401,131451,131453,131455,131482,131485,131500,131503,131544,131547,131592,131599,131648,131650,131658,131660,131678,131680,131773,131781,131822,131827,131834,131840,131847,131850,131854,131955,131957,131979,131983,132036,132039,132042,132048,132055,132057,132096,132098,132116,132126,132133,132216,132219,132226,132233,132240,132244,132252,132298,132302,132311,132376,132381,132386,132397,132399,132404,132431,132433,132536,132539,132559,132561,132566,132569,132573,132577,132584,132593,132599,132602,132608,132610,132612,132641],[10,131195,122606,131197,18],{"id":131196},"python-string-index-method",[15,131198,58337],{},[20,131200,122611,131201,131203],{},[15,131202,58337],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131205,131206,131207,86],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131208,40072],{},[30,131210,33],{"id":32},[35,131212,131214],{"className":37,"code":131213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131215,131216,131228,131250,131260,131264,131268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131217,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131219,34054],{"class":50},[44,131221,55],{"class":54},[44,131223,290],{"class":278},[44,131225,59776],{"class":282},[44,131227,2727],{"class":278},[44,131229,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131231,64288],{"class":50},[44,131233,55],{"class":54},[44,131235,42211],{"class":50},[44,131237,86],{"class":58},[44,131239,35214],{"class":89},[44,131241,93],{"class":58},[44,131243,279],{"class":278},[44,131245,59960],{"class":282},[44,131247,279],{"class":278},[44,131249,99],{"class":58},[44,131251,131252,131254,131256,131258],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131253,106],{"class":105},[44,131255,93],{"class":58},[44,131257,64315],{"class":89},[44,131259,99],{"class":58},[44,131261,131262],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,131263,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,131265,131266],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,131267,90191],{"class":3034},[44,131269,131270],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,131271,131272],{"class":3034},"# 6\n",[20,131274,148,131275,131277,131278,86],{},[15,131276,58337],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131279,40072],{},[30,131281,155,131283,158],{"id":131282},"what-strindex-does",[15,131284,131285],{},"str.index()",[20,131287,131288,131290],{},[15,131289,131285],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131292,12425],{},[165,131294,131295,131298,131301,131304],{},[168,131296,131297],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[168,131299,131300],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[168,131302,131303],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[168,131305,29659,131306,131308],{},[15,131307,40072],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131310,894],{},[35,131312,131314],{"className":37,"code":131313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131315,131316,131328,131332,131357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131317,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131319,34054],{"class":50},[44,131321,55],{"class":54},[44,131323,290],{"class":278},[44,131325,3459],{"class":282},[44,131327,2727],{"class":278},[44,131329,131330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131331,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,131333,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131335,106],{"class":105},[44,131337,93],{"class":58},[44,131339,34075],{"class":89},[44,131341,86],{"class":58},[44,131343,35214],{"class":89},[44,131345,93],{"class":58},[44,131347,279],{"class":278},[44,131349,184],{"class":282},[44,131351,279],{"class":278},[44,131353,4737],{"class":58},[44,131355,131356],{"class":3034},"     # 1\n",[44,131358,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,131360,106],{"class":105},[44,131362,93],{"class":58},[44,131364,34075],{"class":89},[44,131366,86],{"class":58},[44,131368,35214],{"class":89},[44,131370,93],{"class":58},[44,131372,279],{"class":278},[44,131374,122699],{"class":282},[44,131376,279],{"class":278},[44,131378,4737],{"class":58},[44,131380,131381],{"class":3034},"    # 2\n",[20,131383,1550],{},[165,131385,131386,131392],{},[168,131387,131388,127819,131390],{},[15,131389,17462],{},[15,131391,63],{},[168,131393,131394,127819,131396],{},[15,131395,127818],{},[15,131397,472],{},[20,131399,131400],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,131402,131404],{"className":37,"code":131403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131405,131406,131418,131422,131446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131407,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131409,34054],{"class":50},[44,131411,55],{"class":54},[44,131413,290],{"class":278},[44,131415,34234],{"class":282},[44,131417,2727],{"class":278},[44,131419,131420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131421,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,131423,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131425,106],{"class":105},[44,131427,93],{"class":58},[44,131429,34075],{"class":89},[44,131431,86],{"class":58},[44,131433,35214],{"class":89},[44,131435,93],{"class":58},[44,131437,279],{"class":278},[44,131439,50564],{"class":282},[44,131441,279],{"class":278},[44,131443,4737],{"class":58},[44,131445,20134],{"class":3034},[44,131447,131448],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,131449,131450],{"class":3034},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,131452,196],{"id":195},[20,131454,1531],{},[35,131456,131458],{"className":37,"code":131457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131459,131460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131461,131462,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131463,60543],{"class":50},[44,131465,86],{"class":58},[44,131467,35214],{"class":89},[44,131469,93],{"class":58},[44,131471,1188],{"class":89},[44,131473,66],{"class":58},[44,131475,35420],{"class":89},[44,131477,66],{"class":58},[44,131479,64409],{"class":89},[44,131481,99],{"class":58},[20,131483,131484],{},"Parameters:",[165,131486,131487,131491,131495],{},[168,131488,131489,122798],{},[15,131490,1188],{},[168,131492,131493,127865],{},[15,131494,35441],{},[168,131496,131497,131499],{},[15,131498,52032],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131501,131502],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,131504,131506],{"className":37,"code":131505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131507,131508,131520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131509,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131511,34054],{"class":50},[44,131513,55],{"class":54},[44,131515,290],{"class":278},[44,131517,39],{"class":282},[44,131519,2727],{"class":278},[44,131521,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536,131538,131540,131542],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131523,106],{"class":105},[44,131525,93],{"class":58},[44,131527,34075],{"class":89},[44,131529,86],{"class":58},[44,131531,35214],{"class":89},[44,131533,93],{"class":58},[44,131535,279],{"class":278},[44,131537,62655],{"class":282},[44,131539,279],{"class":278},[44,131541,4737],{"class":58},[44,131543,50788],{"class":3034},[20,131545,131546],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,131548,131550],{"className":37,"code":131549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131551,131552,131564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131553,131554,131556,131558,131560,131562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131555,34054],{"class":50},[44,131557,55],{"class":54},[44,131559,290],{"class":278},[44,131561,3459],{"class":282},[44,131563,2727],{"class":278},[44,131565,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131567,106],{"class":105},[44,131569,93],{"class":58},[44,131571,34075],{"class":89},[44,131573,86],{"class":58},[44,131575,35214],{"class":89},[44,131577,93],{"class":58},[44,131579,279],{"class":278},[44,131581,184],{"class":282},[44,131583,279],{"class":278},[44,131585,66],{"class":58},[44,131587,69],{"class":62},[44,131589,4737],{"class":58},[44,131591,50143],{"class":3034},[20,131593,131594,131595,3766,131597,1084],{},"Or include both ",[15,131596,35441],{},[15,131598,52032],{},[35,131600,131602],{"className":37,"code":131601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131603,131604,131616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131605,131606,131608,131610,131612,131614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131607,34054],{"class":50},[44,131609,55],{"class":54},[44,131611,290],{"class":278},[44,131613,3459],{"class":282},[44,131615,2727],{"class":278},[44,131617,131618,131620,131622,131624,131626,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640,131642,131644,131646],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131619,106],{"class":105},[44,131621,93],{"class":58},[44,131623,34075],{"class":89},[44,131625,86],{"class":58},[44,131627,35214],{"class":89},[44,131629,93],{"class":58},[44,131631,279],{"class":278},[44,131633,184],{"class":282},[44,131635,279],{"class":278},[44,131637,66],{"class":58},[44,131639,69],{"class":62},[44,131641,66],{"class":58},[44,131643,1064],{"class":62},[44,131645,4737],{"class":58},[44,131647,50143],{"class":3034},[30,131649,37388],{"id":37387},[20,131651,28076,131652,131654,131655,86],{},[15,131653,58337],{}," is a ",[116,131656,131657],{},"zero-based index",[20,131659,1478],{},[165,131661,131662,131668,131673],{},[168,131663,131664,131665,131667],{},"Index ",[15,131666,1491],{}," is the first character",[168,131669,131664,131670,131672],{},[15,131671,63],{}," is the second character",[168,131674,131664,131675,131677],{},[15,131676,472],{}," is the third character",[20,131679,894],{},[35,131681,131683],{"className":37,"code":131682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131684,131685,131697,131701,131725,131749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131686,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131688,34054],{"class":50},[44,131690,55],{"class":54},[44,131692,290],{"class":278},[44,131694,36415],{"class":282},[44,131696,2727],{"class":278},[44,131698,131699],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131700,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,131702,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131704,106],{"class":105},[44,131706,93],{"class":58},[44,131708,34075],{"class":89},[44,131710,86],{"class":58},[44,131712,35214],{"class":89},[44,131714,93],{"class":58},[44,131716,279],{"class":278},[44,131718,583],{"class":282},[44,131720,279],{"class":278},[44,131722,4737],{"class":58},[44,131724,50620],{"class":3034},[44,131726,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,131728,106],{"class":105},[44,131730,93],{"class":58},[44,131732,34075],{"class":89},[44,131734,86],{"class":58},[44,131736,35214],{"class":89},[44,131738,93],{"class":58},[44,131740,279],{"class":278},[44,131742,184],{"class":282},[44,131744,279],{"class":278},[44,131746,4737],{"class":58},[44,131748,27147],{"class":3034},[44,131750,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,131752,106],{"class":105},[44,131754,93],{"class":58},[44,131756,34075],{"class":89},[44,131758,86],{"class":58},[44,131760,35214],{"class":89},[44,131762,93],{"class":58},[44,131764,279],{"class":278},[44,131766,62655],{"class":282},[44,131768,279],{"class":278},[44,131770,4737],{"class":58},[44,131772,50788],{"class":3034},[20,131774,131775,131777,131778,131780],{},[15,131776,58337],{}," returns only the ",[116,131779,29275],{}," matching position.",[35,131782,131784],{"className":37,"code":131783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131785,131786,131798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131787,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131789,34054],{"class":50},[44,131791,55],{"class":54},[44,131793,290],{"class":278},[44,131795,3459],{"class":282},[44,131797,2727],{"class":278},[44,131799,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818,131820],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131801,106],{"class":105},[44,131803,93],{"class":58},[44,131805,34075],{"class":89},[44,131807,86],{"class":58},[44,131809,35214],{"class":89},[44,131811,93],{"class":58},[44,131813,279],{"class":278},[44,131815,184],{"class":282},[44,131817,279],{"class":278},[44,131819,4737],{"class":58},[44,131821,27147],{"class":3034},[20,131823,20344,131824,131826],{},[15,131825,17462],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131828,131829,131830,86],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[184,131831,131832,718],{"href":124056},[15,131833,57959],{},[30,131835,1123,131836,3766,131838],{"id":64775},[15,131837,35441],{},[15,131839,52032],{},[20,131841,1351,131842,3766,131844,131846],{},[15,131843,35441],{},[15,131845,52032],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131848,131849],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131851,45411,131852,1084],{},[15,131853,35441],{},[35,131855,131857],{"className":37,"code":131856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131858,131859,131871,131875,131899,131927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131860,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131862,34054],{"class":50},[44,131864,55],{"class":54},[44,131866,290],{"class":278},[44,131868,3459],{"class":282},[44,131870,2727],{"class":278},[44,131872,131873],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,131874,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,131876,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131878,106],{"class":105},[44,131880,93],{"class":58},[44,131882,34075],{"class":89},[44,131884,86],{"class":58},[44,131886,35214],{"class":89},[44,131888,93],{"class":58},[44,131890,279],{"class":278},[44,131892,184],{"class":282},[44,131894,279],{"class":278},[44,131896,4737],{"class":58},[44,131898,50493],{"class":3034},[44,131900,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923,131925],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,131902,106],{"class":105},[44,131904,93],{"class":58},[44,131906,34075],{"class":89},[44,131908,86],{"class":58},[44,131910,35214],{"class":89},[44,131912,93],{"class":58},[44,131914,279],{"class":278},[44,131916,184],{"class":282},[44,131918,279],{"class":278},[44,131920,66],{"class":58},[44,131922,69],{"class":62},[44,131924,4737],{"class":58},[44,131926,50342],{"class":3034},[44,131928,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,131930,106],{"class":105},[44,131932,93],{"class":58},[44,131934,34075],{"class":89},[44,131936,86],{"class":58},[44,131938,35214],{"class":89},[44,131940,93],{"class":58},[44,131942,279],{"class":278},[44,131944,184],{"class":282},[44,131946,279],{"class":278},[44,131948,66],{"class":58},[44,131950,143],{"class":62},[44,131952,4737],{"class":58},[44,131954,50126],{"class":3034},[20,131956,19323],{},[165,131958,131959,131966,131972],{},[168,131960,131961,131962,64965,131964],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,131963,17462],{},[15,131965,63],{},[168,131967,131968,131969,131971],{},"Starting at index ",[15,131970,472],{}," skips that first match",[168,131973,131968,131974,131976,131977],{},[15,131975,96],{}," finds the last ",[15,131978,17462],{},[20,131980,45411,131981,1084],{},[15,131982,52032],{},[35,131984,131986],{"className":37,"code":131985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,131987,131988,132000,132004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131989,131990,131992,131994,131996,131998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131991,34054],{"class":50},[44,131993,55],{"class":54},[44,131995,290],{"class":278},[44,131997,3459],{"class":282},[44,131999,2727],{"class":278},[44,132001,132002],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132003,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,132005,132006,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132007,106],{"class":105},[44,132009,93],{"class":58},[44,132011,34075],{"class":89},[44,132013,86],{"class":58},[44,132015,35214],{"class":89},[44,132017,93],{"class":58},[44,132019,279],{"class":278},[44,132021,75398],{"class":282},[44,132023,279],{"class":278},[44,132025,66],{"class":58},[44,132027,3204],{"class":62},[44,132029,66],{"class":58},[44,132031,143],{"class":62},[44,132033,4737],{"class":58},[44,132035,50788],{"class":3034},[20,132037,132038],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132040,132041],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,132043,43583,132045,132047],{"id":132044},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132046,58337],{}," causes an error",[20,132049,132050,132051,51868,132053,86],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132052,58337],{},[15,132054,40072],{},[20,132056,894],{},[35,132058,132060],{"className":37,"code":132059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132061,132062,132074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132063,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132065,34054],{"class":50},[44,132067,55],{"class":54},[44,132069,290],{"class":278},[44,132071,948],{"class":282},[44,132073,2727],{"class":278},[44,132075,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132077,106],{"class":105},[44,132079,93],{"class":58},[44,132081,34075],{"class":89},[44,132083,86],{"class":58},[44,132085,35214],{"class":89},[44,132087,93],{"class":58},[44,132089,279],{"class":278},[44,132091,21444],{"class":282},[44,132093,279],{"class":278},[44,132095,973],{"class":58},[20,132097,118],{},[35,132099,132101],{"className":37,"code":132100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132102,132103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132104,132105,132107,132109,132112,132114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132106,40072],{"class":909},[44,132108,1084],{"class":58},[44,132110,132111],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,132113,736],{"class":54},[44,132115,65198],{"class":50},[20,132117,52712,132118,125572,132123,132125],{},[184,132119,132120],{"href":129250},[15,132121,132122],{},"str.find()",[15,132124,65223],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132127,132128,132129,3766,132131,1084],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132130,29170],{},[15,132132,29201],{},[35,132134,132136],{"className":37,"code":132135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132137,132138,132150,132154,132160,132183,132193,132201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132139,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132141,34054],{"class":50},[44,132143,55],{"class":54},[44,132145,290],{"class":278},[44,132147,948],{"class":282},[44,132149,2727],{"class":278},[44,132151,132152],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132153,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,132155,132156,132158],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132157,29170],{"class":3246},[44,132159,5770],{"class":58},[44,132161,132162,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,132163,132164],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,132166,55],{"class":54},[44,132168,42211],{"class":50},[44,132170,86],{"class":58},[44,132172,35214],{"class":89},[44,132174,93],{"class":58},[44,132176,279],{"class":278},[44,132178,21444],{"class":282},[44,132180,279],{"class":278},[44,132182,99],{"class":58},[44,132184,132185,132187,132189,132191],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,132186,7447],{"class":105},[44,132188,93],{"class":58},[44,132190,64315],{"class":89},[44,132192,99],{"class":58},[44,132194,132195,132197,132199],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,132196,29201],{"class":3246},[44,132198,41295],{"class":909},[44,132200,5770],{"class":58},[44,132202,132203,132205,132207,132209,132212,132214],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,132204,7447],{"class":105},[44,132206,93],{"class":58},[44,132208,279],{"class":278},[44,132210,132211],{"class":282},"Substring not found",[44,132213,279],{"class":278},[44,132215,99],{"class":58},[20,132217,132218],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132220,41315,132221,86],{},[184,132222,25046,132224],{"href":132223},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132225,128577],{},[30,132227,132229,525,132231],{"id":132228},"index-vs-find",[15,132230,58337],{},[15,132232,123601],{},[20,132234,132235,3766,132237,132239],{},[15,132236,58337],{},[15,132238,123601],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[693,132241,132242],{"id":35214},[15,132243,58337],{},[165,132245,132246,132249],{},[168,132247,132248],{},"Returns the first match position",[168,132250,132251],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,132253,132255],{"className":37,"code":132254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132256,132257,132269,132293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132258,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132260,34054],{"class":50},[44,132262,55],{"class":54},[44,132264,290],{"class":278},[44,132266,948],{"class":282},[44,132268,2727],{"class":278},[44,132270,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132272,106],{"class":105},[44,132274,93],{"class":58},[44,132276,34075],{"class":89},[44,132278,86],{"class":58},[44,132280,35214],{"class":89},[44,132282,93],{"class":58},[44,132284,279],{"class":278},[44,132286,672],{"class":282},[44,132288,279],{"class":278},[44,132290,4737],{"class":58},[44,132292,27147],{"class":3034},[44,132294,132295],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132296,132297],{"class":3034},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[693,132299,132300],{"id":127631},[15,132301,123601],{},[165,132303,132304,132306],{},[168,132305,132248],{},[168,132307,10799,132308,132310],{},[15,132309,65223],{}," if nothing is found",[35,132312,132314],{"className":37,"code":132313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132315,132316,132328,132352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132317,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132319,34054],{"class":50},[44,132321,55],{"class":54},[44,132323,290],{"class":278},[44,132325,948],{"class":282},[44,132327,2727],{"class":278},[44,132329,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132331,106],{"class":105},[44,132333,93],{"class":58},[44,132335,34075],{"class":89},[44,132337,86],{"class":58},[44,132339,127631],{"class":89},[44,132341,93],{"class":58},[44,132343,279],{"class":278},[44,132345,672],{"class":282},[44,132347,279],{"class":278},[44,132349,4737],{"class":58},[44,132351,27147],{"class":3034},[44,132353,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132355,106],{"class":105},[44,132357,93],{"class":58},[44,132359,34075],{"class":89},[44,132361,86],{"class":58},[44,132363,127631],{"class":89},[44,132365,93],{"class":58},[44,132367,279],{"class":278},[44,132369,21444],{"class":282},[44,132371,279],{"class":278},[44,132373,4737],{"class":58},[44,132375,127987],{"class":3034},[20,132377,148,132378,132380],{},[15,132379,58337],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132382,148,132383,132385],{},[15,132384,123601],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132387,132388,132389,188,132394,86],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[184,132390,132391,132393],{"href":129250},[15,132392,132122],{}," method reference",[184,132395,126642],{"href":132396},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,132398,1113],{"id":1112},[20,132400,132401,132402,1084],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132403,58337],{},[165,132405,132406,132409,132416,132421,132426],{},[168,132407,132408],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[168,132410,1129,132411,7833,132413,132415],{},[15,132412,58337],{},[15,132414,65223],{}," when no match exists",[168,132417,1123,132418,132420],{},[15,132419,58337],{}," on a value that may not be present",[168,132422,132423,132424],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132425,63],{},[168,132427,3953,132428,132430],{},[15,132429,58337],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132432,61663],{},[35,132434,132436],{"className":37,"code":132435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132437,132438,132448,132462,132484,132506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132439,132440,132442,132444,132446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132441,106],{"class":105},[44,132443,93],{"class":58},[44,132445,34075],{"class":89},[44,132447,99],{"class":58},[44,132449,132450,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132451,106],{"class":105},[44,132453,93],{"class":58},[44,132455,41148],{"class":105},[44,132457,93],{"class":58},[44,132459,34075],{"class":89},[44,132461,973],{"class":58},[44,132463,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132465,106],{"class":105},[44,132467,93],{"class":58},[44,132469,34075],{"class":89},[44,132471,86],{"class":58},[44,132473,35214],{"class":89},[44,132475,93],{"class":58},[44,132477,279],{"class":278},[44,132479,1188],{"class":282},[44,132481,279],{"class":278},[44,132483,973],{"class":58},[44,132485,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,132487,106],{"class":105},[44,132489,93],{"class":58},[44,132491,34075],{"class":89},[44,132493,86],{"class":58},[44,132495,127631],{"class":89},[44,132497,93],{"class":58},[44,132499,279],{"class":278},[44,132501,1188],{"class":282},[44,132503,279],{"class":278},[44,132505,973],{"class":58},[44,132507,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,132509,106],{"class":105},[44,132511,93],{"class":58},[44,132513,34075],{"class":89},[44,132515,86],{"class":58},[44,132517,35214],{"class":89},[44,132519,93],{"class":58},[44,132521,279],{"class":278},[44,132523,1188],{"class":282},[44,132525,279],{"class":278},[44,132527,66],{"class":58},[44,132529,35420],{"class":89},[44,132531,66],{"class":58},[44,132533,64409],{"class":89},[44,132535,973],{"class":58},[20,132537,132538],{},"Tips:",[165,132540,132541,132546,132551,132554],{},[168,132542,148,132543,132545],{},[15,132544,125528],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[168,132547,148,132548,132550],{},[15,132549,123601],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[168,132552,132553],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[168,132555,132556,132557],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132558,1491],{},[30,132560,1235],{"id":1234},[693,132562,129110,132564,12088],{"id":132563},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132565,58337],{},[20,132567,132568],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[693,132570,132572],{"id":132571},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132574,76226,132575,86],{},[15,132576,40072],{},[693,132578,4554,132580,3766,132582,1863],{"id":132579},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132581,58337],{},[15,132583,123601],{},[20,132585,132586,132588,132589,727,132591,6007],{},[15,132587,58337],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132590,123601],{},[15,132592,65223],{},[693,132594,4544,132596,132598],{"id":132595},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132597,58337],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132600,132601],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[693,132603,132605,132606,123942],{"id":132604},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132607,58337],{},[20,132609,129135],{},[30,132611,1279],{"id":1278},[165,132613,132614,132620,132624,132629,132635],{},[168,132615,132616],{},[184,132617,132618,718],{"href":129250},[15,132619,132122],{},[168,132621,132622],{},[184,132623,124005],{"href":132396},[168,132625,132626],{},[184,132627,129211],{"href":132628},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[168,132630,132631],{},[184,132632,132633,718],{"href":124056},[15,132634,57959],{},[168,132636,132637],{},[184,132638,29713,132639],{"href":132223},[15,132640,128577],{},[1304,132642,132643],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132228,"depth":80,"text":132655,"children":132656},"index() vs find()",[132657,132658],{"id":35214,"depth":102,"text":58337},{"id":127631,"depth":102,"text":123601},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":132661},[132662,132664,132665,132667,132669],{"id":132563,"depth":102,"text":132663},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132571,"depth":102,"text":132572},{"id":132579,"depth":102,"text":132666},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132595,"depth":102,"text":132668},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132604,"depth":102,"text":132670},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131191,"description":132672},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132679,"title":132680,"body":132681,"description":135456,"extension":1334,"meta":135457,"navigation":322,"path":135458,"seo":135459,"stem":135460,"__hash__":135461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132682,"toc":135392},[132683,132689,132694,132697,132700,132711,132713,132782,132784,132798,132803,132808,132813,132815,132858,132860,132943,132945,132991,132997,132999,133001,133021,133023,133046,133048,133122,133124,133143,133148,133150,133154,133226,133228,133242,133246,133322,133324,133343,133347,133441,133443,133452,133459,133535,133537,133555,133559,133562,133569,133618,133620,133629,133636,133695,133697,133715,133718,133725,133784,133786,133804,133811,133868,133870,133879,133883,133888,133892,133951,133953,133971,133975,134022,134027,134030,134099,134101,134118,134125,134131,134186,134191,134194,134271,134273,134291,134297,134303,134363,134365,134384,134390,134393,134400,134453,134458,134460,134521,134530,134537,134539,134596,134601,134603,134674,134678,134733,134735,134744,134749,134755,134824,134826,134858,134864,134872,134879,134885,134950,134952,134961,134967,135048,135050,135059,135064,135078,135085,135089,135094,135122,135124,135257,135260,135297,135299,135305,135314,135319,135322,135327,135332,135338,135341,135350,135353,135355,135384,135389],[10,132684,122606,132686,18],{"id":132685},"python-string-join-method",[15,132687,132688],{},"join()",[20,132690,122611,132691,132693],{},[15,132692,132688],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132695,132696],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132698,132699],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[165,132701,132702,132708],{},[168,132703,132704,132705,132707],{},"You call ",[15,132706,132688],{}," on the separator string",[168,132709,132710],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,132712,2978],{"id":2977},[35,132714,132716],{"className":37,"code":132715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132717,132718,132751,132772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132719,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738,132740,132742,132744,132747,132749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132721,3441],{"class":50},[44,132723,55],{"class":54},[44,132725,2992],{"class":58},[44,132727,279],{"class":278},[44,132729,6674],{"class":282},[44,132731,279],{"class":278},[44,132733,66],{"class":58},[44,132735,290],{"class":278},[44,132737,11566],{"class":282},[44,132739,279],{"class":278},[44,132741,66],{"class":58},[44,132743,290],{"class":278},[44,132745,132746],{"class":282},"fun",[44,132748,279],{"class":278},[44,132750,3005],{"class":58},[44,132752,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132766,132768,132770],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132754,1602],{"class":50},[44,132756,55],{"class":54},[44,132758,290],{"class":278},[44,132760,290],{"class":278},[44,132762,86],{"class":58},[44,132764,132765],{"class":89},"join",[44,132767,93],{"class":58},[44,132769,3485],{"class":89},[44,132771,99],{"class":58},[44,132773,132774,132776,132778,132780],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132775,106],{"class":105},[44,132777,93],{"class":58},[44,132779,1637],{"class":89},[44,132781,99],{"class":58},[20,132783,118],{},[35,132785,132787],{"className":37,"code":132786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,132788,132789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132790,132791,132793,132795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132792,2945],{"class":50},[44,132794,11566],{"class":54},[44,132796,132797],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,132799,148,132800,132802],{},[15,132801,132688],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,132804,155,132806,158],{"id":132805},"what-join-does",[15,132807,132688],{},[20,132809,132810,132812],{},[15,132811,132688],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132814,220],{},[165,132816,132817,132824,132852,132855],{},[168,132818,132819,132820,132823],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132821,132822],{},".join()"," as the separator",[168,132825,132826,132827],{},"Common separators are:\n",[165,132828,132829,132835,132841,132847],{},[168,132830,132831,132834],{},[15,132832,132833],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[168,132836,132837,132840],{},[15,132838,132839],{},"\", \""," for commas",[168,132842,132843,132846],{},[15,132844,132845],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[168,132848,132849,132851],{},[15,132850,5649],{}," for no separator",[168,132853,132854],{},"It returns a new string",[168,132856,132857],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132859,894],{},[35,132861,132863],{"className":37,"code":132862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132864,132865,132897,132919,132923,132933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132866,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132868,3441],{"class":50},[44,132870,55],{"class":54},[44,132872,2992],{"class":58},[44,132874,279],{"class":278},[44,132876,283],{"class":282},[44,132878,279],{"class":278},[44,132880,66],{"class":58},[44,132882,290],{"class":278},[44,132884,313],{"class":282},[44,132886,279],{"class":278},[44,132888,66],{"class":58},[44,132890,290],{"class":278},[44,132892,293],{"class":282},[44,132894,279],{"class":278},[44,132896,3005],{"class":58},[44,132898,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132900,1602],{"class":50},[44,132902,55],{"class":54},[44,132904,290],{"class":278},[44,132906,1561],{"class":282},[44,132908,279],{"class":278},[44,132910,86],{"class":58},[44,132912,132765],{"class":89},[44,132914,93],{"class":58},[44,132916,3485],{"class":89},[44,132918,99],{"class":58},[44,132920,132921],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132922,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,132924,132925,132927,132929,132931],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,132926,106],{"class":105},[44,132928,93],{"class":58},[44,132930,1637],{"class":89},[44,132932,99],{"class":58},[44,132934,132935,132937,132939,132941],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,132936,106],{"class":105},[44,132938,93],{"class":58},[44,132940,3485],{"class":89},[44,132942,99],{"class":58},[20,132944,118],{},[35,132946,132948],{"className":37,"code":132947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,132949,132950,132963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132951,132952,132954,132956,132959,132961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132953,283],{"class":50},[44,132955,66],{"class":58},[44,132957,132958],{"class":50}," green",[44,132960,66],{"class":58},[44,132962,35249],{"class":50},[44,132964,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,132966,3270],{"class":58},[44,132968,351],{"class":278},[44,132970,283],{"class":282},[44,132972,351],{"class":278},[44,132974,66],{"class":58},[44,132976,360],{"class":278},[44,132978,313],{"class":282},[44,132980,351],{"class":278},[44,132982,66],{"class":58},[44,132984,360],{"class":278},[44,132986,293],{"class":282},[44,132988,351],{"class":278},[44,132990,3005],{"class":58},[20,132992,132993,132994,132996],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,132995,132688],{}," creates a new string.",[30,132998,196],{"id":195},[20,133000,6595],{},[35,133002,133004],{"className":37,"code":133003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133005,133006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133007,133008,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133009,133010],{"class":50},"separator",[44,133012,86],{"class":58},[44,133014,132765],{"class":89},[44,133016,93],{"class":58},[44,133018,3091],{"class":89},[44,133020,99],{"class":58},[693,133022,48382],{"id":48381},[165,133024,133025,133038,133043],{},[168,133026,133027,133029,133030,1561,133032,1561,133034,1565,133036],{},[15,133028,133010],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133031,132833],{},[15,133033,132839],{},[15,133035,132845],{},[15,133037,5649],{},[168,133039,133040,133042],{},[15,133041,3091],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[168,133044,133045],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133047,894],{},[35,133049,133051],{"className":37,"code":133050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133052,133053,133085,133108,133112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133054,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133056,4368],{"class":50},[44,133058,55],{"class":54},[44,133060,2992],{"class":58},[44,133062,279],{"class":278},[44,133064,12253],{"class":282},[44,133066,279],{"class":278},[44,133068,66],{"class":58},[44,133070,290],{"class":278},[44,133072,35309],{"class":282},[44,133074,279],{"class":278},[44,133076,66],{"class":58},[44,133078,290],{"class":278},[44,133080,35318],{"class":282},[44,133082,279],{"class":278},[44,133084,3005],{"class":58},[44,133086,133087,133089,133091,133093,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133088,1602],{"class":50},[44,133090,55],{"class":54},[44,133092,290],{"class":278},[44,133094,133095],{"class":282}," | ",[44,133097,279],{"class":278},[44,133099,86],{"class":58},[44,133101,132765],{"class":89},[44,133103,93],{"class":58},[44,133105,4412],{"class":89},[44,133107,99],{"class":58},[44,133109,133110],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133111,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,133113,133114,133116,133118,133120],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,133115,106],{"class":105},[44,133117,93],{"class":58},[44,133119,1637],{"class":89},[44,133121,99],{"class":58},[20,133123,118],{},[35,133125,133127],{"className":37,"code":133126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133128,133129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133130,133131,133134,133136,133139,133141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133132,133133],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,133135,113113],{"class":54},[44,133137,133138],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,133140,113113],{"class":54},[44,133142,35390],{"class":50},[20,133144,133145,133146,86],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[184,133147,124361],{"href":50348},[30,133149,121137],{"id":121136},[693,133151,133153],{"id":133152},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,133155,133157],{"className":37,"code":133156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133158,133159,133192,133212,133216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133160,133161,133163,133165,133167,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133188,133190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133162,3441],{"class":50},[44,133164,55],{"class":54},[44,133166,2992],{"class":58},[44,133168,279],{"class":278},[44,133170,6674],{"class":282},[44,133172,279],{"class":278},[44,133174,66],{"class":58},[44,133176,290],{"class":278},[44,133178,11566],{"class":282},[44,133180,279],{"class":278},[44,133182,66],{"class":58},[44,133184,290],{"class":278},[44,133186,133187],{"class":282},"easy",[44,133189,279],{"class":278},[44,133191,3005],{"class":58},[44,133193,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133195,1602],{"class":50},[44,133197,55],{"class":54},[44,133199,290],{"class":278},[44,133201,290],{"class":278},[44,133203,86],{"class":58},[44,133205,132765],{"class":89},[44,133207,93],{"class":58},[44,133209,3485],{"class":89},[44,133211,99],{"class":58},[44,133213,133214],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133215,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,133217,133218,133220,133222,133224],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,133219,106],{"class":105},[44,133221,93],{"class":58},[44,133223,1637],{"class":89},[44,133225,99],{"class":58},[20,133227,118],{},[35,133229,133231],{"className":37,"code":133230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,133232,133233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133234,133235,133237,133239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133236,2945],{"class":50},[44,133238,11566],{"class":54},[44,133240,133241],{"class":50}," easy\n",[693,133243,133245],{"id":133244},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,133247,133249],{"className":37,"code":133248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133250,133251,133286,133308,133312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133252,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261,133264,133266,133268,133270,133273,133275,133277,133279,133282,133284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133254,904],{"class":50},[44,133256,55],{"class":54},[44,133258,2992],{"class":58},[44,133260,279],{"class":278},[44,133262,133263],{"class":282},"apples",[44,133265,279],{"class":278},[44,133267,66],{"class":58},[44,133269,290],{"class":278},[44,133271,133272],{"class":282},"bananas",[44,133274,279],{"class":278},[44,133276,66],{"class":58},[44,133278,290],{"class":278},[44,133280,133281],{"class":282},"oranges",[44,133283,279],{"class":278},[44,133285,3005],{"class":58},[44,133287,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133289,1602],{"class":50},[44,133291,55],{"class":54},[44,133293,290],{"class":278},[44,133295,1561],{"class":282},[44,133297,279],{"class":278},[44,133299,86],{"class":58},[44,133301,132765],{"class":89},[44,133303,93],{"class":58},[44,133305,922],{"class":89},[44,133307,99],{"class":58},[44,133309,133310],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133311,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,133313,133314,133316,133318,133320],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,133315,106],{"class":105},[44,133317,93],{"class":58},[44,133319,1637],{"class":89},[44,133321,99],{"class":58},[20,133323,118],{},[35,133325,133327],{"className":37,"code":133326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133328,133329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133330,133331,133333,133335,133338,133340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133332,133263],{"class":50},[44,133334,66],{"class":58},[44,133336,133337],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,133339,66],{"class":58},[44,133341,133342],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[693,133344,133346],{"id":133345},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,133348,133350],{"className":37,"code":133349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133351,133352,133409,133427,133431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133353,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381,133383,133385,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133355,546],{"class":50},[44,133357,55],{"class":54},[44,133359,2992],{"class":58},[44,133361,279],{"class":278},[44,133363,133364],{"class":282},"P",[44,133366,279],{"class":278},[44,133368,66],{"class":58},[44,133370,290],{"class":278},[44,133372,11118],{"class":282},[44,133374,279],{"class":278},[44,133376,66],{"class":58},[44,133378,290],{"class":278},[44,133380,62655],{"class":282},[44,133382,279],{"class":278},[44,133384,66],{"class":58},[44,133386,290],{"class":278},[44,133388,59808],{"class":282},[44,133390,279],{"class":278},[44,133392,66],{"class":58},[44,133394,290],{"class":278},[44,133396,59842],{"class":282},[44,133398,279],{"class":278},[44,133400,66],{"class":58},[44,133402,290],{"class":278},[44,133404,75398],{"class":282},[44,133406,279],{"class":278},[44,133408,3005],{"class":58},[44,133410,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133412,1602],{"class":50},[44,133414,55],{"class":54},[44,133416,5503],{"class":278},[44,133418,86],{"class":58},[44,133420,132765],{"class":89},[44,133422,93],{"class":58},[44,133424,572],{"class":89},[44,133426,99],{"class":58},[44,133428,133429],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133430,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,133432,133433,133435,133437,133439],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,133434,106],{"class":105},[44,133436,93],{"class":58},[44,133438,1637],{"class":89},[44,133440,99],{"class":58},[20,133442,118],{},[35,133444,133446],{"className":37,"code":133445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,133447,133448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133449,133450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133451,133445],{"class":50},[693,133453,133455,133456,133458],{"id":133454},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133457,132688],{}," returns the result",[35,133460,133462],{"className":37,"code":133461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133463,133464,133497,133520,133524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133465,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133493,133495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133467,3441],{"class":50},[44,133469,55],{"class":54},[44,133471,2992],{"class":58},[44,133473,279],{"class":278},[44,133475,5961],{"class":282},[44,133477,279],{"class":278},[44,133479,66],{"class":58},[44,133481,290],{"class":278},[44,133483,78639],{"class":282},[44,133485,279],{"class":278},[44,133487,66],{"class":58},[44,133489,290],{"class":278},[44,133491,133492],{"class":282},"three",[44,133494,279],{"class":278},[44,133496,3005],{"class":58},[44,133498,133499,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516,133518],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133500,133501],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,133503,55],{"class":54},[44,133505,290],{"class":278},[44,133507,1393],{"class":282},[44,133509,279],{"class":278},[44,133511,86],{"class":58},[44,133513,132765],{"class":89},[44,133515,93],{"class":58},[44,133517,3485],{"class":89},[44,133519,99],{"class":58},[44,133521,133522],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133523,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,133525,133526,133528,133530,133533],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,133527,106],{"class":105},[44,133529,93],{"class":58},[44,133531,133532],{"class":89},"joined_text",[44,133534,99],{"class":58},[20,133536,118],{},[35,133538,133540],{"className":37,"code":133539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,133541,133542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133543,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133545,5961],{"class":50},[44,133547,1393],{"class":54},[44,133549,78639],{"class":50},[44,133551,1393],{"class":54},[44,133553,133554],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,133556,133558],{"id":133557},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133560,133561],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[693,133563,133565,133568],{"id":133564},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133566,133567],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,133570,133572],{"className":37,"code":133571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133573,133574,133598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133575,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133577,3441],{"class":50},[44,133579,55],{"class":54},[44,133581,2992],{"class":58},[44,133583,279],{"class":278},[44,133585,948],{"class":282},[44,133587,279],{"class":278},[44,133589,66],{"class":58},[44,133591,290],{"class":278},[44,133593,59960],{"class":282},[44,133595,279],{"class":278},[44,133597,3005],{"class":58},[44,133599,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133601,106],{"class":105},[44,133603,93],{"class":58},[44,133605,279],{"class":278},[44,133607,290],{"class":278},[44,133609,86],{"class":58},[44,133611,132765],{"class":89},[44,133613,93],{"class":58},[44,133615,3485],{"class":89},[44,133617,973],{"class":58},[20,133619,118],{},[35,133621,133623],{"className":37,"code":133622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,133624,133625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133626,133627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133628,133622],{"class":50},[693,133630,133632,133635],{"id":133631},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133633,133634],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,133637,133639],{"className":37,"code":133638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133640,133641,133673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133642,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133644,271],{"class":50},[44,133646,55],{"class":54},[44,133648,2992],{"class":58},[44,133650,279],{"class":278},[44,133652,283],{"class":282},[44,133654,279],{"class":278},[44,133656,66],{"class":58},[44,133658,290],{"class":278},[44,133660,293],{"class":282},[44,133662,279],{"class":278},[44,133664,66],{"class":58},[44,133666,290],{"class":278},[44,133668,313],{"class":282},[44,133670,279],{"class":278},[44,133672,3005],{"class":58},[44,133674,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133676,106],{"class":105},[44,133678,93],{"class":58},[44,133680,279],{"class":278},[44,133682,1561],{"class":282},[44,133684,279],{"class":278},[44,133686,86],{"class":58},[44,133688,132765],{"class":89},[44,133690,93],{"class":58},[44,133692,302],{"class":89},[44,133694,973],{"class":58},[20,133696,118],{},[35,133698,133700],{"className":37,"code":133699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133701,133702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133703,133704,133706,133708,133711,133713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133705,283],{"class":50},[44,133707,66],{"class":58},[44,133709,133710],{"class":50}," blue",[44,133712,66],{"class":58},[44,133714,35242],{"class":50},[20,133716,133717],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[693,133719,133721,133724],{"id":133720},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133722,133723],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,133726,133728],{"className":37,"code":133727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133729,133730,133762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133731,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133733,42206],{"class":50},[44,133735,55],{"class":54},[44,133737,2992],{"class":58},[44,133739,279],{"class":278},[44,133741,39],{"class":282},[44,133743,279],{"class":278},[44,133745,66],{"class":58},[44,133747,290],{"class":278},[44,133749,60543],{"class":282},[44,133751,279],{"class":278},[44,133753,66],{"class":58},[44,133755,290],{"class":278},[44,133757,132765],{"class":282},[44,133759,279],{"class":278},[44,133761,3005],{"class":58},[44,133763,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133765,106],{"class":105},[44,133767,93],{"class":58},[44,133769,279],{"class":278},[44,133771,1393],{"class":282},[44,133773,279],{"class":278},[44,133775,86],{"class":58},[44,133777,132765],{"class":89},[44,133779,93],{"class":58},[44,133781,42238],{"class":89},[44,133783,973],{"class":58},[20,133785,118],{},[35,133787,133789],{"className":37,"code":133788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,133790,133791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133792,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133794,39],{"class":50},[44,133796,1393],{"class":54},[44,133798,60543],{"class":50},[44,133800,1393],{"class":54},[44,133802,133803],{"class":50},"join\n",[693,133805,133807,133810],{"id":133806},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133808,133809],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,133812,133814],{"className":37,"code":133813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133815,133816,133849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133817,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133842,133845,133847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133819,112185],{"class":50},[44,133821,55],{"class":54},[44,133823,2992],{"class":58},[44,133825,279],{"class":278},[44,133827,21612],{"class":282},[44,133829,279],{"class":278},[44,133831,66],{"class":58},[44,133833,290],{"class":278},[44,133835,29965],{"class":282},[44,133837,279],{"class":278},[44,133839,66],{"class":58},[44,133841,290],{"class":278},[44,133843,133844],{"class":282},"C",[44,133846,279],{"class":278},[44,133848,3005],{"class":58},[44,133850,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133866],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133852,106],{"class":105},[44,133854,93],{"class":58},[44,133856,5649],{"class":278},[44,133858,86],{"class":58},[44,133860,132765],{"class":89},[44,133862,93],{"class":58},[44,133864,133865],{"class":89},"chars",[44,133867,973],{"class":58},[20,133869,118],{},[35,133871,133873],{"className":37,"code":133872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,133874,133875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133876,133877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133878,133872],{"class":33819},[30,133880,133882],{"id":133881},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,133884,133885,133887],{},[15,133886,132688],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[693,133889,133891],{"id":133890},"this-works","This works",[35,133893,133895],{"className":37,"code":133894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,133896,133897,133929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133898,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133900,3193],{"class":50},[44,133902,55],{"class":54},[44,133904,2992],{"class":58},[44,133906,279],{"class":278},[44,133908,931],{"class":282},[44,133910,279],{"class":278},[44,133912,66],{"class":58},[44,133914,290],{"class":278},[44,133916,15122],{"class":282},[44,133918,279],{"class":278},[44,133920,66],{"class":58},[44,133922,290],{"class":278},[44,133924,36209],{"class":282},[44,133926,279],{"class":278},[44,133928,3005],{"class":58},[44,133930,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,133932,106],{"class":105},[44,133934,93],{"class":58},[44,133936,279],{"class":278},[44,133938,1561],{"class":282},[44,133940,279],{"class":278},[44,133942,86],{"class":58},[44,133944,132765],{"class":89},[44,133946,93],{"class":58},[44,133948,4734],{"class":89},[44,133950,973],{"class":58},[20,133952,118],{},[35,133954,133956],{"className":37,"code":133955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,133957,133958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133959,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133961,931],{"class":62},[44,133963,66],{"class":58},[44,133965,7168],{"class":62},[44,133967,66],{"class":58},[44,133969,133970],{"class":62}," 30\n",[693,133972,133974],{"id":133973},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,133976,133978],{"className":37,"code":133977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,133979,133980,134000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133981,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133983,3193],{"class":50},[44,133985,55],{"class":54},[44,133987,2992],{"class":58},[44,133989,63],{"class":62},[44,133991,66],{"class":58},[44,133993,69],{"class":62},[44,133995,66],{"class":58},[44,133997,74],{"class":62},[44,133999,3005],{"class":58},[44,134001,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018,134020],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134003,106],{"class":105},[44,134005,93],{"class":58},[44,134007,279],{"class":278},[44,134009,1561],{"class":282},[44,134011,279],{"class":278},[44,134013,86],{"class":58},[44,134015,132765],{"class":89},[44,134017,93],{"class":58},[44,134019,4734],{"class":89},[44,134021,973],{"class":58},[20,134023,89678,134024,134026],{},[15,134025,1081],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134028,134029],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,134031,134033],{"className":37,"code":134032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134034,134035,134055,134085,134089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134036,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134038,3193],{"class":50},[44,134040,55],{"class":54},[44,134042,2992],{"class":58},[44,134044,63],{"class":62},[44,134046,66],{"class":58},[44,134048,69],{"class":62},[44,134050,66],{"class":58},[44,134052,74],{"class":62},[44,134054,3005],{"class":58},[44,134056,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134058,1602],{"class":50},[44,134060,55],{"class":54},[44,134062,290],{"class":278},[44,134064,1561],{"class":282},[44,134066,279],{"class":278},[44,134068,86],{"class":58},[44,134070,132765],{"class":89},[44,134072,93],{"class":58},[44,134074,39228],{"class":105},[44,134076,93],{"class":58},[44,134078,2812],{"class":909},[44,134080,66],{"class":58},[44,134082,3256],{"class":89},[44,134084,973],{"class":58},[44,134086,134087],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134088,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,134090,134091,134093,134095,134097],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,134092,106],{"class":105},[44,134094,93],{"class":58},[44,134096,1637],{"class":89},[44,134098,99],{"class":58},[20,134100,118],{},[35,134102,134104],{"className":37,"code":134103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134105,134106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134107,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134109,63],{"class":62},[44,134111,66],{"class":58},[44,134113,69],{"class":62},[44,134115,66],{"class":58},[44,134117,1948],{"class":62},[20,134119,134120,134121,86],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[184,134122,2945,134123,2878],{"href":41544},[15,134124,47055],{},[693,134126,134128,134130],{"id":134127},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134129,730],{}," values do not work directly",[35,134132,134134],{"className":37,"code":134133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134135,134136,134164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134137,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134139,3193],{"class":50},[44,134141,55],{"class":54},[44,134143,2992],{"class":58},[44,134145,279],{"class":278},[44,134147,3450],{"class":282},[44,134149,279],{"class":278},[44,134151,66],{"class":58},[44,134153,3222],{"class":871},[44,134155,66],{"class":58},[44,134157,290],{"class":278},[44,134159,3459],{"class":282},[44,134161,279],{"class":278},[44,134163,3005],{"class":58},[44,134165,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134167,106],{"class":105},[44,134169,93],{"class":58},[44,134171,279],{"class":278},[44,134173,1561],{"class":282},[44,134175,279],{"class":278},[44,134177,86],{"class":58},[44,134179,132765],{"class":89},[44,134181,93],{"class":58},[44,134183,4734],{"class":89},[44,134185,973],{"class":58},[20,134187,134188,134189,86],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134190,1081],{},[20,134192,134193],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,134195,134197],{"className":37,"code":134196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134198,134199,134227,134257,134261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134200,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134202,3193],{"class":50},[44,134204,55],{"class":54},[44,134206,2992],{"class":58},[44,134208,279],{"class":278},[44,134210,3450],{"class":282},[44,134212,279],{"class":278},[44,134214,66],{"class":58},[44,134216,3222],{"class":871},[44,134218,66],{"class":58},[44,134220,290],{"class":278},[44,134222,3459],{"class":282},[44,134224,279],{"class":278},[44,134226,3005],{"class":58},[44,134228,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134230,1602],{"class":50},[44,134232,55],{"class":54},[44,134234,290],{"class":278},[44,134236,1561],{"class":282},[44,134238,279],{"class":278},[44,134240,86],{"class":58},[44,134242,132765],{"class":89},[44,134244,93],{"class":58},[44,134246,39228],{"class":105},[44,134248,93],{"class":58},[44,134250,2812],{"class":909},[44,134252,66],{"class":58},[44,134254,3256],{"class":89},[44,134256,973],{"class":58},[44,134258,134259],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134260,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,134262,134263,134265,134267,134269],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,134264,106],{"class":105},[44,134266,93],{"class":58},[44,134268,1637],{"class":89},[44,134270,99],{"class":58},[20,134272,118],{},[35,134274,134276],{"className":37,"code":134275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134277,134278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134279,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134281,3450],{"class":50},[44,134283,66],{"class":58},[44,134285,3222],{"class":871},[44,134287,66],{"class":58},[44,134289,134290],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,134292,134293,134294,134296],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134295,730],{}," values instead of converting them.",[693,134298,134300,134302],{"id":134299},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134301,132688],{}," also works with tuples",[35,134304,134306],{"className":37,"code":134305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134307,134308,134340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134309,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134311,4368],{"class":50},[44,134313,55],{"class":54},[44,134315,8615],{"class":58},[44,134317,279],{"class":278},[44,134319,7055],{"class":282},[44,134321,279],{"class":278},[44,134323,66],{"class":58},[44,134325,290],{"class":278},[44,134327,130694],{"class":282},[44,134329,279],{"class":278},[44,134331,66],{"class":58},[44,134333,290],{"class":278},[44,134335,7299],{"class":282},[44,134337,279],{"class":278},[44,134339,99],{"class":58},[44,134341,134342,134344,134346,134348,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134343,106],{"class":105},[44,134345,93],{"class":58},[44,134347,279],{"class":278},[44,134349,134350],{"class":282}," \u002F ",[44,134352,279],{"class":278},[44,134354,86],{"class":58},[44,134356,132765],{"class":89},[44,134358,93],{"class":58},[44,134360,4412],{"class":89},[44,134362,973],{"class":58},[20,134364,118],{},[35,134366,134368],{"className":37,"code":134367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134369,134370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134371,134372,134375,134377,134380,134382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134373,134374],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,134376,126498],{"class":54},[44,134378,134379],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,134381,126498],{"class":54},[44,134383,21701],{"class":50},[30,134385,134387,134388],{"id":134386},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134389,132688],{},[20,134391,134392],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[693,134394,134396,134397,134399],{"id":134395},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134398,1081],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,134401,134403],{"className":37,"code":134402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134404,134405,134433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134406,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134408,904],{"class":50},[44,134410,55],{"class":54},[44,134412,2992],{"class":58},[44,134414,279],{"class":278},[44,134416,184],{"class":282},[44,134418,279],{"class":278},[44,134420,66],{"class":58},[44,134422,69],{"class":62},[44,134424,66],{"class":58},[44,134426,290],{"class":278},[44,134428,583],{"class":282},[44,134430,279],{"class":278},[44,134432,3005],{"class":58},[44,134434,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134436,106],{"class":105},[44,134438,93],{"class":58},[44,134440,279],{"class":278},[44,134442,290],{"class":278},[44,134444,86],{"class":58},[44,134446,132765],{"class":89},[44,134448,93],{"class":58},[44,134450,922],{"class":89},[44,134452,973],{"class":58},[20,134454,47882,134455,134457],{},[15,134456,472],{}," is an integer.",[20,134459,38630],{},[35,134461,134463],{"className":37,"code":134462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134464,134465,134493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134466,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134468,904],{"class":50},[44,134470,55],{"class":54},[44,134472,2992],{"class":58},[44,134474,279],{"class":278},[44,134476,184],{"class":282},[44,134478,279],{"class":278},[44,134480,66],{"class":58},[44,134482,69],{"class":62},[44,134484,66],{"class":58},[44,134486,290],{"class":278},[44,134488,583],{"class":282},[44,134490,279],{"class":278},[44,134492,3005],{"class":58},[44,134494,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134496,106],{"class":105},[44,134498,93],{"class":58},[44,134500,279],{"class":278},[44,134502,290],{"class":278},[44,134504,86],{"class":58},[44,134506,132765],{"class":89},[44,134508,93],{"class":58},[44,134510,39228],{"class":105},[44,134512,93],{"class":58},[44,134514,2812],{"class":909},[44,134516,66],{"class":58},[44,134518,5342],{"class":89},[44,134520,2282],{"class":58},[20,134522,134523,134524,86],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[184,134525,25046,134527],{"href":134526},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134528,134529],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[693,134531,134533,134534,134536],{"id":134532},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134535,132688],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134538,3899],{},[35,134540,134542],{"className":37,"code":134541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134543,134544,134576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134545,134546,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134547,3441],{"class":50},[44,134549,55],{"class":54},[44,134551,2992],{"class":58},[44,134553,279],{"class":278},[44,134555,6674],{"class":282},[44,134557,279],{"class":278},[44,134559,66],{"class":58},[44,134561,290],{"class":278},[44,134563,11566],{"class":282},[44,134565,279],{"class":278},[44,134567,66],{"class":58},[44,134569,290],{"class":278},[44,134571,132746],{"class":282},[44,134573,279],{"class":278},[44,134575,3005],{"class":58},[44,134577,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134579,1602],{"class":50},[44,134581,55],{"class":54},[44,134583,5545],{"class":50},[44,134585,86],{"class":58},[44,134587,132765],{"class":89},[44,134589,93],{"class":58},[44,134591,279],{"class":278},[44,134593,290],{"class":278},[44,134595,99],{"class":58},[20,134597,134598,134600],{},[15,134599,132688],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134602,10183],{},[35,134604,134606],{"className":37,"code":134605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134607,134608,134640,134660,134664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134609,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134611,3441],{"class":50},[44,134613,55],{"class":54},[44,134615,2992],{"class":58},[44,134617,279],{"class":278},[44,134619,6674],{"class":282},[44,134621,279],{"class":278},[44,134623,66],{"class":58},[44,134625,290],{"class":278},[44,134627,11566],{"class":282},[44,134629,279],{"class":278},[44,134631,66],{"class":58},[44,134633,290],{"class":278},[44,134635,132746],{"class":282},[44,134637,279],{"class":278},[44,134639,3005],{"class":58},[44,134641,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134643,1602],{"class":50},[44,134645,55],{"class":54},[44,134647,290],{"class":278},[44,134649,290],{"class":278},[44,134651,86],{"class":58},[44,134653,132765],{"class":89},[44,134655,93],{"class":58},[44,134657,3485],{"class":89},[44,134659,99],{"class":58},[44,134661,134662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134663,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,134665,134666,134668,134670,134672],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,134667,106],{"class":105},[44,134669,93],{"class":58},[44,134671,1637],{"class":89},[44,134673,99],{"class":58},[693,134675,134677],{"id":134676},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,134679,134681],{"className":37,"code":134680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134682,134683,134715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134684,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134686,3441],{"class":50},[44,134688,55],{"class":54},[44,134690,2992],{"class":58},[44,134692,279],{"class":278},[44,134694,5961],{"class":282},[44,134696,279],{"class":278},[44,134698,66],{"class":58},[44,134700,290],{"class":278},[44,134702,78639],{"class":282},[44,134704,279],{"class":278},[44,134706,66],{"class":58},[44,134708,290],{"class":278},[44,134710,133492],{"class":282},[44,134712,279],{"class":278},[44,134714,3005],{"class":58},[44,134716,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134718,106],{"class":105},[44,134720,93],{"class":58},[44,134722,5649],{"class":278},[44,134724,86],{"class":58},[44,134726,132765],{"class":89},[44,134728,93],{"class":58},[44,134730,3485],{"class":89},[44,134732,973],{"class":58},[20,134734,118],{},[35,134736,134738],{"className":37,"code":134737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,134739,134740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134741,134742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134743,134737],{"class":50},[20,134745,134746,134747,6007],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134748,132833],{},[693,134750,134752,134753,130956],{"id":134751},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134754,132688],{},[35,134756,134758],{"className":37,"code":134757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134759,134760,134792,134810,134814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134761,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134763,3441],{"class":50},[44,134765,55],{"class":54},[44,134767,2992],{"class":58},[44,134769,279],{"class":278},[44,134771,184],{"class":282},[44,134773,279],{"class":278},[44,134775,66],{"class":58},[44,134777,290],{"class":278},[44,134779,563],{"class":282},[44,134781,279],{"class":278},[44,134783,66],{"class":58},[44,134785,290],{"class":278},[44,134787,583],{"class":282},[44,134789,279],{"class":278},[44,134791,3005],{"class":58},[44,134793,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134795,279],{"class":42698},[44,134797,1393],{"class":42702},[44,134799,279],{"class":42698},[44,134801,86],{"class":58},[44,134803,132765],{"class":89},[44,134805,93],{"class":58},[44,134807,3485],{"class":89},[44,134809,99],{"class":58},[44,134811,134812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134813,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,134815,134816,134818,134820,134822],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,134817,106],{"class":105},[44,134819,93],{"class":58},[44,134821,3485],{"class":89},[44,134823,99],{"class":58},[20,134825,118],{},[35,134827,134828],{"className":37,"code":42245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,134829,134830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134831,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134833,3270],{"class":58},[44,134835,351],{"class":278},[44,134837,184],{"class":282},[44,134839,351],{"class":278},[44,134841,66],{"class":58},[44,134843,360],{"class":278},[44,134845,563],{"class":282},[44,134847,351],{"class":278},[44,134849,66],{"class":58},[44,134851,360],{"class":278},[44,134853,583],{"class":282},[44,134855,351],{"class":278},[44,134857,3005],{"class":58},[20,134859,134860,134861,134863],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134862,132688],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,134865,134867,134869,134870],{"id":134866},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,134868,132688],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,134871,1430],{},[20,134873,9966,134874,3766,134876,134878],{},[15,134875,132688],{},[15,134877,1430],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[693,134880,148,134882,134884],{"id":134881},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,134883,1430],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,134886,134888],{"className":37,"code":134887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134889,134890,134903,134916,134936,134940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134891,134892,134895,134897,134899,134901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134893,134894],{"class":50},"first ",[44,134896,55],{"class":54},[44,134898,290],{"class":278},[44,134900,34234],{"class":282},[44,134902,2727],{"class":278},[44,134904,134905,134908,134910,134912,134914],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,134906,134907],{"class":50},"second ",[44,134909,55],{"class":54},[44,134911,290],{"class":278},[44,134913,89107],{"class":282},[44,134915,2727],{"class":278},[44,134917,134918,134920,134922,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134919,1602],{"class":50},[44,134921,55],{"class":54},[44,134923,134924],{"class":50}," first ",[44,134926,1430],{"class":54},[44,134928,290],{"class":278},[44,134930,290],{"class":278},[44,134932,1826],{"class":54},[44,134934,134935],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,134937,134938],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,134939,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,134941,134942,134944,134946,134948],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,134943,106],{"class":105},[44,134945,93],{"class":58},[44,134947,1637],{"class":89},[44,134949,99],{"class":58},[20,134951,118],{},[35,134953,134955],{"className":37,"code":134954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,134956,134957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134958,134959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134960,134954],{"class":50},[693,134962,148,134964,134966],{"id":134963},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,134965,132688],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,134968,134970],{"className":37,"code":134969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134971,134972,135014,135034,135038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134973,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134993,134995,134997,134999,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134975,3441],{"class":50},[44,134977,55],{"class":54},[44,134979,2992],{"class":58},[44,134981,279],{"class":278},[44,134983,6674],{"class":282},[44,134985,279],{"class":278},[44,134987,66],{"class":58},[44,134989,290],{"class":278},[44,134991,134992],{"class":282},"makes",[44,134994,279],{"class":278},[44,134996,66],{"class":58},[44,134998,290],{"class":278},[44,135000,135001],{"class":282},"this",[44,135003,279],{"class":278},[44,135005,66],{"class":58},[44,135007,290],{"class":278},[44,135009,133187],{"class":282},[44,135011,279],{"class":278},[44,135013,3005],{"class":58},[44,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135017,1602],{"class":50},[44,135019,55],{"class":54},[44,135021,290],{"class":278},[44,135023,290],{"class":278},[44,135025,86],{"class":58},[44,135027,132765],{"class":89},[44,135029,93],{"class":58},[44,135031,3485],{"class":89},[44,135033,99],{"class":58},[44,135035,135036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135037,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,135039,135040,135042,135044,135046],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,135041,106],{"class":105},[44,135043,93],{"class":58},[44,135045,1637],{"class":89},[44,135047,99],{"class":58},[20,135049,118],{},[35,135051,135053],{"className":37,"code":135052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135054,135055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135056,135057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135058,135052],{"class":50},[20,135060,135061,135063],{},[15,135062,132688],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[165,135065,135066,135069,135072],{},[168,135067,135068],{},"You already have a list of strings",[168,135070,135071],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[168,135073,135074,135075,135077],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135076,1430],{}," operators",[20,135079,135080,135081,86],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[184,135082,135084],{"href":135083},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,135086,135088],{"id":135087},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135090,8253,135091,135093],{},[15,135092,132688],{}," is not working, check these first:",[165,135095,135096,135099,135104,135113,135119],{},[168,135097,135098],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[168,135100,135101,135102],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135103,730],{},[168,135105,135106,135107,1264,135110],{},"You may have written ",[15,135108,135109],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135111,135112],{},"string.join(...)",[168,135114,135115,135116,135118],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135117,132688],{}," to change the original iterable",[168,135120,135121],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135123,93747],{},[35,135125,135127],{"className":37,"code":135126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135128,135129,135143,135153,135177,135217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135130,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135132,106],{"class":105},[44,135134,93],{"class":58},[44,135136,1090],{"class":909},[44,135138,93],{"class":58},[44,135140,922],{"class":89},[44,135142,973],{"class":58},[44,135144,135145,135147,135149,135151],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135146,106],{"class":105},[44,135148,93],{"class":58},[44,135150,922],{"class":89},[44,135152,99],{"class":58},[44,135154,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135156,106],{"class":105},[44,135158,650],{"class":58},[44,135160,1090],{"class":909},[44,135162,93],{"class":58},[44,135164,215],{"class":89},[44,135166,3031],{"class":58},[44,135168,3247],{"class":3246},[44,135170,5337],{"class":89},[44,135172,3253],{"class":3246},[44,135174,5342],{"class":89},[44,135176,677],{"class":58},[44,135178,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,135180,106],{"class":105},[44,135182,93],{"class":58},[44,135184,351],{"class":278},[44,135186,360],{"class":278},[44,135188,86],{"class":58},[44,135190,132765],{"class":89},[44,135192,650],{"class":58},[44,135194,351],{"class":278},[44,135196,184],{"class":282},[44,135198,351],{"class":278},[44,135200,66],{"class":58},[44,135202,360],{"class":278},[44,135204,563],{"class":282},[44,135206,351],{"class":278},[44,135208,66],{"class":58},[44,135210,360],{"class":278},[44,135212,583],{"class":282},[44,135214,351],{"class":278},[44,135216,2368],{"class":58},[44,135218,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,135220,106],{"class":105},[44,135222,93],{"class":58},[44,135224,351],{"class":278},[44,135226,1561],{"class":282},[44,135228,351],{"class":278},[44,135230,86],{"class":58},[44,135232,132765],{"class":89},[44,135234,93],{"class":58},[44,135236,39228],{"class":105},[44,135238,93],{"class":58},[44,135240,2812],{"class":909},[44,135242,66],{"class":58},[44,135244,2992],{"class":58},[44,135246,63],{"class":62},[44,135248,66],{"class":58},[44,135250,69],{"class":62},[44,135252,66],{"class":58},[44,135254,74],{"class":62},[44,135256,36632],{"class":58},[20,135258,135259],{},"What these checks do:",[165,135261,135262,135270,135276,135282,135291],{},[168,135263,135264,135267,135268,7474],{},[15,135265,135266],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135269,922],{},[168,135271,135272,135275],{},[15,135273,135274],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[168,135277,135278,135281],{},[15,135279,135280],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[168,135283,135284,135287,135288,135290],{},[15,135285,135286],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135289,132688],{}," behavior",[168,135292,135293,135296],{},[15,135294,135295],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,135298,1235],{"id":1234},[693,135300,1239,135302,135304],{"id":135301},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135303,132688],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135306,135307,135308,135310,135311,86],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135309,132688],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135312,135313],{},"map(str, values)",[693,135315,1239,135317,56532],{"id":135316},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135318,132688],{},[20,135320,135321],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[693,135323,27696,135325,62003],{"id":135324},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135326,132688],{},[20,135328,41521,135329,135331],{},[15,135330,132688],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[693,135333,4516,135335,39329],{"id":135334},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135336,135337],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135339,135340],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[693,135342,135344,135345,135347,135348,1863],{"id":135343},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135346,1081],{}," when using ",[15,135349,132688],{},[20,135351,135352],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,135354,1279],{"id":1278},[165,135356,135357,135362,135368,135374,135380],{},[168,135358,135359],{},[184,135360,135361],{"href":135083},"How to join strings in Python",[168,135363,135364],{},[184,135365,125606,135366,718],{"href":128293},[15,135367,59900],{},[168,135369,135370],{},[184,135371,2945,135372,2878],{"href":41544},[15,135373,47055],{},[168,135375,135376],{},[184,135377,29713,135378],{"href":134526},[15,135379,134529],{},[168,135381,135382],{},[184,135383,124361],{"href":50348},[20,135385,1299,135386,135388],{},[15,135387,132688],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1304,135390,135391],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":135393},[135394,135395,135397,135400,135407,135417,135425,135435,135442,135443,135455],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":132805,"depth":80,"text":135396},"What join() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":135398},[135399],{"id":48381,"depth":102,"text":48382},{"id":121136,"depth":80,"text":121137,"children":135401},[135402,135403,135404,135405],{"id":133152,"depth":102,"text":133153},{"id":133244,"depth":102,"text":133245},{"id":133345,"depth":102,"text":133346},{"id":133454,"depth":102,"text":135406},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133557,"depth":80,"text":133558,"children":135408},[135409,135411,135413,135415],{"id":133564,"depth":102,"text":135410},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133631,"depth":102,"text":135412},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133720,"depth":102,"text":135414},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133806,"depth":102,"text":135416},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":133881,"depth":80,"text":133882,"children":135418},[135419,135420,135421,135423],{"id":133890,"depth":102,"text":133891},{"id":133973,"depth":102,"text":133974},{"id":134127,"depth":102,"text":135422},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134299,"depth":102,"text":135424},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134386,"depth":80,"text":135426,"children":135427},"Common errors with join()",[135428,135430,135432,135433],{"id":134395,"depth":102,"text":135429},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134532,"depth":102,"text":135431},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134676,"depth":102,"text":134677},{"id":134751,"depth":102,"text":135434},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134866,"depth":80,"text":135436,"children":135437},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135438,135440],{"id":134881,"depth":102,"text":135439},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":134963,"depth":102,"text":135441},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135087,"depth":80,"text":135088},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":135444},[135445,135447,135449,135451,135453],{"id":135301,"depth":102,"text":135446},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135316,"depth":102,"text":135448},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135324,"depth":102,"text":135450},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135334,"depth":102,"text":135452},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135343,"depth":102,"text":135454},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132680,"description":135456},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135463,"title":135464,"body":135465,"description":137033,"extension":1334,"meta":137034,"navigation":322,"path":137035,"seo":137036,"stem":137037,"__hash__":137038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135466,"toc":137000},[135467,135472,135477,135479,135493,135538,135545,135550,135555,135557,135573,135582,135584,135586,135601,135603,135613,135615,135677,135679,135682,135743,135745,135761,135763,135776,135779,135826,135828,135834,135837,135840,135900,135908,135994,135998,136003,136005,136019,136022,136107,136110,136168,136179,136234,136236,136243,136249,136255,136299,136302,136349,136351,136353,136360,136362,136393,136396,136398,136429,136433,136436,136438,136478,136480,136523,136529,136534,136536,136563,136568,136571,136620,136624,136627,136702,136713,136716,136773,136780,136786,136794,136799,136806,136813,136831,136833,136887,136895,136897,136902,136905,136911,136917,136922,136925,136931,136937,136944,136952,136954,136997],[10,135468,122606,135470,18],{"id":135469},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135471,123336],{},[20,135473,122611,135474,135476],{},[15,135475,123336],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135478,23454],{},[165,135480,135481,135484,135487,135490],{},[168,135482,135483],{},"convert text to lowercase",[168,135485,135486],{},"compare text without case differences",[168,135488,135489],{},"clean up user input",[168,135491,135492],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,135494,135496],{"className":37,"code":135495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135497,135498,135511,135525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135499,135500,135502,135504,135506,135509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135501,34054],{"class":50},[44,135503,55],{"class":54},[44,135505,290],{"class":278},[44,135507,135508],{"class":282},"Hello WORLD",[44,135510,2727],{"class":278},[44,135512,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135514,1602],{"class":50},[44,135516,55],{"class":54},[44,135518,42211],{"class":50},[44,135520,86],{"class":58},[44,135522,8018],{"class":89},[44,135524,913],{"class":58},[44,135526,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135528,106],{"class":105},[44,135530,93],{"class":58},[44,135532,1637],{"class":89},[44,135534,3031],{"class":58},[44,135536,135537],{"class":3034},"  # hello world\n",[20,135539,135540,88330,135542,135544],{},[116,135541,83188],{},[15,135543,123336],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,135546,155,135548,158],{"id":135547},"what-lower-does",[15,135549,123336],{},[20,135551,135552,135554],{},[15,135553,123336],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135556,12425],{},[165,135558,135559,135564,135567,135570],{},[168,135560,135561,135563],{},[15,135562,123336],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[168,135565,135566],{},"It works on string objects",[168,135568,135569],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[168,135571,135572],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135574,124358,135575,135579,135580,86],{},[184,135576,135578],{"href":135577},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[184,135581,50349],{"href":50348},[30,135583,196],{"id":195},[20,135585,1531],{},[35,135587,135589],{"className":37,"code":135588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,135590,135591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135592,135593,135595,135597,135599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135594,60543],{"class":50},[44,135596,86],{"class":58},[44,135598,8018],{"class":89},[44,135600,913],{"class":58},[20,135602,43020],{},[165,135604,135605,135607,135610],{},[168,135606,96779],{},[168,135608,135609],{},"You call it directly on a string",[168,135611,135612],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135614,894],{},[35,135616,135618],{"className":37,"code":135617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135619,135620,135643,135647,135660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135621,135622,135624,135626,135628,135631,135633,135635,135637,135640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135623,106],{"class":105},[44,135625,93],{"class":58},[44,135627,279],{"class":278},[44,135629,135630],{"class":282},"HELLO",[44,135632,279],{"class":278},[44,135634,86],{"class":58},[44,135636,8018],{"class":89},[44,135638,135639],{"class":58},"())",[44,135641,135642],{"class":3034},"  # hello\n",[44,135644,135645],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135646,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,135648,135649,135651,135653,135655,135658],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135650,7254],{"class":50},[44,135652,55],{"class":54},[44,135654,290],{"class":278},[44,135656,135657],{"class":282},"PyThOn",[44,135659,2727],{"class":278},[44,135661,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,135663,106],{"class":105},[44,135665,93],{"class":58},[44,135667,7046],{"class":89},[44,135669,86],{"class":58},[44,135671,8018],{"class":89},[44,135673,135639],{"class":58},[44,135675,135676],{"class":3034},"  # python\n",[30,135678,258],{"id":257},[20,135680,135681],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,135683,135685],{"className":37,"code":135684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135686,135687,135699,135703,135718,135722,135733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135688,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135690,34054],{"class":50},[44,135692,55],{"class":54},[44,135694,290],{"class":278},[44,135696,135508],{"class":282},[44,135698,2727],{"class":278},[44,135700,135701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135702,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,135704,135705,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135706,135707],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,135709,55],{"class":54},[44,135711,42211],{"class":50},[44,135713,86],{"class":58},[44,135715,8018],{"class":89},[44,135717,913],{"class":58},[44,135719,135720],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,135721,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,135723,135724,135726,135728,135731],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,135725,106],{"class":105},[44,135727,93],{"class":58},[44,135729,135730],{"class":89},"lower_text",[44,135732,99],{"class":58},[44,135734,135735,135737,135739,135741],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,135736,106],{"class":105},[44,135738,93],{"class":58},[44,135740,34075],{"class":89},[44,135742,99],{"class":58},[20,135744,118],{},[35,135746,135748],{"className":37,"code":135747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135749,135750,135754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135751,135752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135753,133622],{"class":50},[44,135755,135756,135758],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135757,131022],{"class":50},[44,135759,135760],{"class":33819},"WORLD\n",[20,135762,23974],{},[165,135764,135765,135770],{},[168,135766,135767,135769],{},[15,135768,123336],{}," returns the lowercase result",[168,135771,135772,135773,135775],{},"the original ",[15,135774,34075],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135777,135778],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,135780,135782],{"className":37,"code":135781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135783,135784,135796,135810,135814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135785,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135787,34054],{"class":50},[44,135789,55],{"class":54},[44,135791,290],{"class":278},[44,135793,135508],{"class":282},[44,135795,2727],{"class":278},[44,135797,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135799,34054],{"class":50},[44,135801,55],{"class":54},[44,135803,42211],{"class":50},[44,135805,86],{"class":58},[44,135807,8018],{"class":89},[44,135809,913],{"class":58},[44,135811,135812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135813,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,135815,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,135817,106],{"class":105},[44,135819,93],{"class":58},[44,135821,34075],{"class":89},[44,135823,3031],{"class":58},[44,135825,135537],{"class":3034},[30,135827,722],{"id":721},[20,135829,135830,21342,135832,86],{},[15,135831,123336],{},[116,135833,60543],{},[20,135835,135836],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135838,135839],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,135841,135843],{"className":37,"code":135842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135844,135845,135859,135863,135886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135846,135847,135850,135852,135854,135857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135848,135849],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,135851,55],{"class":54},[44,135853,290],{"class":278},[44,135855,135856],{"class":282},"YES",[44,135858,2727],{"class":278},[44,135860,135861],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135862,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,135864,135865,135867,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882,135884],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135866,6374],{"class":3246},[44,135868,135869],{"class":50}," answer",[44,135871,86],{"class":58},[44,135873,8018],{"class":89},[44,135875,6743],{"class":58},[44,135877,5785],{"class":54},[44,135879,290],{"class":278},[44,135881,8035],{"class":282},[44,135883,279],{"class":278},[44,135885,5770],{"class":58},[44,135887,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,135889,7447],{"class":105},[44,135891,93],{"class":58},[44,135893,279],{"class":278},[44,135895,741],{"class":282},[44,135897,279],{"class":278},[44,135899,99],{"class":58},[20,135901,135902,135903,1084],{},"This is especially useful with ",[184,135904,135905,135906,1676],{"href":7597},"the ",[15,135907,2328],{},[35,135909,135911],{"className":37,"code":135910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,135912,135913,135932,135936,135958,135973,135979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135914,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925,135928,135930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135916,135849],{"class":50},[44,135918,55],{"class":54},[44,135920,7620],{"class":105},[44,135922,93],{"class":58},[44,135924,279],{"class":278},[44,135926,135927],{"class":282},"Type yes or no: ",[44,135929,279],{"class":278},[44,135931,99],{"class":58},[44,135933,135934],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,135935,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,135937,135938,135940,135942,135944,135946,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135939,6374],{"class":3246},[44,135941,135869],{"class":50},[44,135943,86],{"class":58},[44,135945,8018],{"class":89},[44,135947,6743],{"class":58},[44,135949,5785],{"class":54},[44,135951,290],{"class":278},[44,135953,8035],{"class":282},[44,135955,279],{"class":278},[44,135957,5770],{"class":58},[44,135959,135960,135962,135964,135966,135969,135971],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,135961,7447],{"class":105},[44,135963,93],{"class":58},[44,135965,279],{"class":278},[44,135967,135968],{"class":282},"You typed yes",[44,135970,279],{"class":278},[44,135972,99],{"class":58},[44,135974,135975,135977],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,135976,26801],{"class":3246},[44,135978,5770],{"class":58},[44,135980,135981,135983,135985,135987,135990,135992],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,135982,7447],{"class":105},[44,135984,93],{"class":58},[44,135986,279],{"class":278},[44,135988,135989],{"class":282},"You typed something else",[44,135991,279],{"class":278},[44,135993,99],{"class":58},[30,135995,135997],{"id":135996},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,135999,136000,136002],{},[15,136001,123336],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136004,6720],{},[165,136006,136007,136010,136013,136016],{},[168,136008,136009],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[168,136011,136012],{},"Make text matching easier",[168,136014,136015],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[168,136017,136018],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136020,136021],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,136023,136025],{"className":37,"code":136024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136026,136027,136045,136049,136071,136086,136092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136028,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136030,44329],{"class":50},[44,136032,55],{"class":54},[44,136034,7620],{"class":105},[44,136036,93],{"class":58},[44,136038,279],{"class":278},[44,136040,44340],{"class":282},[44,136042,279],{"class":278},[44,136044,99],{"class":58},[44,136046,136047],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136048,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136050,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063,136065,136067,136069],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136052,6374],{"class":3246},[44,136054,35219],{"class":50},[44,136056,86],{"class":58},[44,136058,8018],{"class":89},[44,136060,6743],{"class":58},[44,136062,5785],{"class":54},[44,136064,290],{"class":278},[44,136066,293],{"class":282},[44,136068,279],{"class":278},[44,136070,5770],{"class":58},[44,136072,136073,136075,136077,136079,136082,136084],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136074,7447],{"class":105},[44,136076,93],{"class":58},[44,136078,279],{"class":278},[44,136080,136081],{"class":282},"Nice choice!",[44,136083,279],{"class":278},[44,136085,99],{"class":58},[44,136087,136088,136090],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,136089,26801],{"class":3246},[44,136091,5770],{"class":58},[44,136093,136094,136096,136098,136100,136103,136105],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,136095,7447],{"class":105},[44,136097,93],{"class":58},[44,136099,279],{"class":278},[44,136101,136102],{"class":282},"Got it.",[44,136104,279],{"class":278},[44,136106,99],{"class":58},[20,136108,136109],{},"Example: simple search",[35,136111,136113],{"className":37,"code":136112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136114,136115,136128,136132,136153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136116,136117,136119,136121,136123,136126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136118,89374],{"class":50},[44,136120,55],{"class":54},[44,136122,290],{"class":278},[44,136124,136125],{"class":282},"Python Is Fun",[44,136127,2727],{"class":278},[44,136129,136130],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136131,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136133,136134,136136,136138,136140,136142,136144,136147,136149,136151],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136135,6374],{"class":3246},[44,136137,290],{"class":278},[44,136139,39],{"class":282},[44,136141,279],{"class":278},[44,136143,20540],{"class":54},[44,136145,136146],{"class":50}," message",[44,136148,86],{"class":58},[44,136150,8018],{"class":89},[44,136152,20962],{"class":58},[44,136154,136155,136157,136159,136161,136164,136166],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136156,7447],{"class":105},[44,136158,93],{"class":58},[44,136160,279],{"class":278},[44,136162,136163],{"class":282},"Found it",[44,136165,279],{"class":278},[44,136167,99],{"class":58},[20,136169,136170,136171,136173,136174,1084],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136172,123336],{}," is often used with ",[184,136175,136177],{"href":136176},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136178,41022],{},[35,136180,136182],{"className":37,"code":136181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136183,136184,136197,136216,136220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136185,136186,136188,136190,136192,136195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136187,7254],{"class":50},[44,136189,55],{"class":54},[44,136191,290],{"class":278},[44,136193,136194],{"class":282},"  ALICE  ",[44,136196,2727],{"class":278},[44,136198,136199,136202,136204,136206,136208,136210,136212,136214],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136200,136201],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,136203,55],{"class":54},[44,136205,35360],{"class":50},[44,136207,86],{"class":58},[44,136209,8012],{"class":89},[44,136211,8015],{"class":58},[44,136213,8018],{"class":89},[44,136215,913],{"class":58},[44,136217,136218],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136219,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136221,136222,136224,136226,136229,136231],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136223,106],{"class":105},[44,136225,93],{"class":58},[44,136227,136228],{"class":89},"clean_name",[44,136230,3031],{"class":58},[44,136232,136233],{"class":3034},"  # alice\n",[30,136235,14967],{"id":14966},[20,136237,136238,136239,136242],{},"Strings are ",[116,136240,136241],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136244,136245,136246,136248],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136247,123336],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136250,136251,136252,136254],{},"So this does ",[116,136253,736],{}," update the original variable:",[35,136256,136258],{"className":37,"code":136257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136259,136260,136272,136282,136286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136261,136262,136264,136266,136268,136270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136263,34054],{"class":50},[44,136265,55],{"class":54},[44,136267,290],{"class":278},[44,136269,135630],{"class":282},[44,136271,2727],{"class":278},[44,136273,136274,136276,136278,136280],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136275,34075],{"class":50},[44,136277,86],{"class":58},[44,136279,8018],{"class":89},[44,136281,913],{"class":58},[44,136283,136284],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136285,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136287,136288,136290,136292,136294,136296],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136289,106],{"class":105},[44,136291,93],{"class":58},[44,136293,34075],{"class":89},[44,136295,3031],{"class":58},[44,136297,136298],{"class":3034},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136300,136301],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,136303,136305],{"className":37,"code":136304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136306,136307,136319,136333,136337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136308,136309,136311,136313,136315,136317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136310,34054],{"class":50},[44,136312,55],{"class":54},[44,136314,290],{"class":278},[44,136316,135630],{"class":282},[44,136318,2727],{"class":278},[44,136320,136321,136323,136325,136327,136329,136331],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136322,34054],{"class":50},[44,136324,55],{"class":54},[44,136326,42211],{"class":50},[44,136328,86],{"class":58},[44,136330,8018],{"class":89},[44,136332,913],{"class":58},[44,136334,136335],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136336,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136338,136339,136341,136343,136345,136347],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136340,106],{"class":105},[44,136342,93],{"class":58},[44,136344,34075],{"class":89},[44,136346,3031],{"class":58},[44,136348,135642],{"class":3034},[30,136350,1113],{"id":1112},[693,136352,25054],{"id":25053},[20,136354,136355,136356,1264,136358,86],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136357,8018],{},[15,136359,123336],{},[20,136361,16012],{},[35,136363,136365],{"className":37,"code":136364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136366,136367,136379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136368,136369,136371,136373,136375,136377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136370,34054],{"class":50},[44,136372,55],{"class":54},[44,136374,290],{"class":278},[44,136376,135630],{"class":282},[44,136378,2727],{"class":278},[44,136380,136381,136383,136385,136387,136389,136391],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136382,106],{"class":105},[44,136384,93],{"class":58},[44,136386,34075],{"class":89},[44,136388,86],{"class":58},[44,136390,8018],{"class":1219},[44,136392,99],{"class":58},[20,136394,136395],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136397,16024],{},[35,136399,136401],{"className":37,"code":136400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136402,136403,136415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136404,136405,136407,136409,136411,136413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136406,34054],{"class":50},[44,136408,55],{"class":54},[44,136410,290],{"class":278},[44,136412,135630],{"class":282},[44,136414,2727],{"class":278},[44,136416,136417,136419,136421,136423,136425,136427],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136418,106],{"class":105},[44,136420,93],{"class":58},[44,136422,34075],{"class":89},[44,136424,86],{"class":58},[44,136426,8018],{"class":89},[44,136428,6571],{"class":58},[693,136430,136432],{"id":136431},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136434,136435],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136437,16012],{},[35,136439,136441],{"className":37,"code":136440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136442,136443,136455,136465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136444,136445,136447,136449,136451,136453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136446,34054],{"class":50},[44,136448,55],{"class":54},[44,136450,290],{"class":278},[44,136452,135630],{"class":282},[44,136454,2727],{"class":278},[44,136456,136457,136459,136461,136463],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136458,34075],{"class":50},[44,136460,86],{"class":58},[44,136462,8018],{"class":89},[44,136464,913],{"class":58},[44,136466,136467,136469,136471,136473,136475],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136468,106],{"class":105},[44,136470,93],{"class":58},[44,136472,34075],{"class":89},[44,136474,3031],{"class":58},[44,136476,136477],{"class":3034},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136479,16024],{},[35,136481,136483],{"className":37,"code":136482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136484,136485,136497,136511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136486,136487,136489,136491,136493,136495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136488,34054],{"class":50},[44,136490,55],{"class":54},[44,136492,290],{"class":278},[44,136494,135630],{"class":282},[44,136496,2727],{"class":278},[44,136498,136499,136501,136503,136505,136507,136509],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136500,34054],{"class":50},[44,136502,55],{"class":54},[44,136504,42211],{"class":50},[44,136506,86],{"class":58},[44,136508,8018],{"class":89},[44,136510,913],{"class":58},[44,136512,136513,136515,136517,136519,136521],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136514,106],{"class":105},[44,136516,93],{"class":58},[44,136518,34075],{"class":89},[44,136520,3031],{"class":58},[44,136522,135642],{"class":3034},[693,136524,1123,136526,136528],{"id":136525},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136527,123336],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136530,136531,136533],{},[15,136532,123336],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136535,16012],{},[35,136537,136539],{"className":37,"code":136538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136540,136541,136549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136542,136543,136545,136547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136544,1589],{"class":50},[44,136546,55],{"class":54},[44,136548,124288],{"class":62},[44,136550,136551,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136552,106],{"class":105},[44,136554,93],{"class":58},[44,136556,1612],{"class":89},[44,136558,86],{"class":58},[44,136560,8018],{"class":89},[44,136562,6571],{"class":58},[20,136564,136565,136566,32966],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136567,123336],{},[20,136569,136570],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,136572,136574],{"className":37,"code":136573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136575,136576,136588,136592,136606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136577,136578,136580,136582,136584,136586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136579,34054],{"class":50},[44,136581,55],{"class":54},[44,136583,290],{"class":278},[44,136585,135630],{"class":282},[44,136587,2727],{"class":278},[44,136589,136590],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136591,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136593,136594,136596,136598,136600,136602,136604],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136595,106],{"class":105},[44,136597,93],{"class":58},[44,136599,1090],{"class":909},[44,136601,93],{"class":58},[44,136603,34075],{"class":89},[44,136605,973],{"class":58},[44,136607,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616,136618],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136609,106],{"class":105},[44,136611,93],{"class":58},[44,136613,34075],{"class":89},[44,136615,86],{"class":58},[44,136617,8018],{"class":89},[44,136619,6571],{"class":58},[693,136621,136623],{"id":136622},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136625,136626],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,136628,136630],{"className":37,"code":136629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136631,136632,136645,136649,136666,136681,136687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136633,136634,136636,136638,136640,136643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136635,135849],{"class":50},[44,136637,55],{"class":54},[44,136639,290],{"class":278},[44,136641,136642],{"class":282},"Yes",[44,136644,2727],{"class":278},[44,136646,136647],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136648,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136650,136651,136653,136656,136658,136660,136662,136664],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136652,6374],{"class":3246},[44,136654,136655],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,136657,4061],{"class":54},[44,136659,290],{"class":278},[44,136661,8035],{"class":282},[44,136663,279],{"class":278},[44,136665,5770],{"class":58},[44,136667,136668,136670,136672,136674,136677,136679],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136669,7447],{"class":105},[44,136671,93],{"class":58},[44,136673,279],{"class":278},[44,136675,136676],{"class":282},"Match",[44,136678,279],{"class":278},[44,136680,99],{"class":58},[44,136682,136683,136685],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,136684,26801],{"class":3246},[44,136686,5770],{"class":58},[44,136688,136689,136691,136693,136695,136698,136700],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,136690,7447],{"class":105},[44,136692,93],{"class":58},[44,136694,279],{"class":278},[44,136696,136697],{"class":282},"No match",[44,136699,279],{"class":278},[44,136701,99],{"class":58},[20,136703,28429,136704,3766,136707,136710,136711,86],{},[15,136705,136706],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136708,136709],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136712,136697],{},[20,136714,136715],{},"Better:",[35,136717,136719],{"className":37,"code":136718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136720,136721,136733,136737,136759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136722,136723,136725,136727,136729,136731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136724,135849],{"class":50},[44,136726,55],{"class":54},[44,136728,290],{"class":278},[44,136730,136642],{"class":282},[44,136732,2727],{"class":278},[44,136734,136735],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136736,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136738,136739,136741,136743,136745,136747,136749,136751,136753,136755,136757],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136740,6374],{"class":3246},[44,136742,135869],{"class":50},[44,136744,86],{"class":58},[44,136746,8018],{"class":89},[44,136748,6743],{"class":58},[44,136750,5785],{"class":54},[44,136752,290],{"class":278},[44,136754,8035],{"class":282},[44,136756,279],{"class":278},[44,136758,5770],{"class":58},[44,136760,136761,136763,136765,136767,136769,136771],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136762,7447],{"class":105},[44,136764,93],{"class":58},[44,136766,279],{"class":278},[44,136768,136676],{"class":282},[44,136770,279],{"class":278},[44,136772,99],{"class":58},[693,136774,43583,136776,136779],{"id":136775},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136777,136778],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136781,136782,136783,136785],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136784,123336],{}," is enough.",[20,136787,136788,136789,136791,136792,86],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136790,136778],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136793,123336],{},[20,136795,136796,136797,121848],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136798,123336],{},[30,136800,136802,525,136804],{"id":136801},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136803,123336],{},[15,136805,127484],{},[20,136807,136808,3766,136810,136812],{},[15,136809,123336],{},[15,136811,127484],{}," are very similar.",[165,136814,136815,136820,136825,136828],{},[168,136816,136817,136819],{},[15,136818,123336],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[168,136821,136822,136824],{},[15,136823,127484],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[168,136826,136827],{},"Both return new strings",[168,136829,136830],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136832,894],{},[35,136834,136836],{"className":37,"code":136835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136837,136838,136850,136854,136870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136839,136840,136842,136844,136846,136848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136841,34054],{"class":50},[44,136843,55],{"class":54},[44,136845,290],{"class":278},[44,136847,128325],{"class":282},[44,136849,2727],{"class":278},[44,136851,136852],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,136853,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,136855,136856,136858,136860,136862,136864,136866,136868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136857,106],{"class":105},[44,136859,93],{"class":58},[44,136861,34075],{"class":89},[44,136863,86],{"class":58},[44,136865,8018],{"class":89},[44,136867,135639],{"class":58},[44,136869,135537],{"class":3034},[44,136871,136872,136874,136876,136878,136880,136882,136884],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,136873,106],{"class":105},[44,136875,93],{"class":58},[44,136877,34075],{"class":89},[44,136879,86],{"class":58},[44,136881,33844],{"class":89},[44,136883,135639],{"class":58},[44,136885,136886],{"class":3034},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,136888,136889,136890,86],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[184,136891,125606,136893,718],{"href":136892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,136894,127484],{},[30,136896,1235],{"id":1234},[693,136898,1239,136900,123933],{"id":136899},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,136901,123336],{},[20,136903,136904],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[693,136906,1239,136908,136910],{"id":136907},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,136909,123336],{}," take any arguments?",[20,136912,136913,136914,86],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,136915,136916],{},"string.lower()",[693,136918,4516,136920,12088],{"id":136919},"what-does-lower-return",[15,136921,123336],{},[20,136923,136924],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[693,136926,27696,136928,136930],{"id":136927},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,136929,123336],{}," on user input?",[20,136932,136933,136934,136936],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,136935,2328],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[693,136938,4554,136940,3766,136942,1863],{"id":136939},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,136941,123336],{},[15,136943,136778],{},[20,136945,136946,136948,136949,136951],{},[15,136947,123336],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,136950,136778],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,136953,1279],{"id":1278},[165,136955,136956,136960,136966,136972,136978,136982,136986,136992],{},[168,136957,136958],{},[184,136959,50349],{"href":50348},[168,136961,136962],{},[184,136963,125606,136964,718],{"href":136892},[15,136965,127484],{},[168,136967,136968],{},[184,136969,125606,136970,718],{"href":136176},[15,136971,41022],{},[168,136973,136974],{},[184,136975,125606,136976,718],{"href":129187},[15,136977,123777],{},[168,136979,136980],{},[184,136981,124005],{"href":122861},[168,136983,136984],{},[184,136985,90050],{"href":89059},[168,136987,136988],{},[184,136989,2945,136990,2878],{"href":7597},[15,136991,2328],{},[168,136993,136994],{},[184,136995,136996],{"href":135577},"What is a string in Python?",[1304,136998,136999],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":137001},[137002,137004,137005,137006,137007,137008,137009,137018,137020,137032],{"id":135547,"depth":80,"text":137003},"What lower() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":135996,"depth":80,"text":135997},{"id":14966,"depth":80,"text":14967},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":137010},[137011,137012,137013,137015,137016],{"id":25053,"depth":102,"text":25054},{"id":136431,"depth":102,"text":136432},{"id":136525,"depth":102,"text":137014},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136622,"depth":102,"text":136623},{"id":136775,"depth":102,"text":137017},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136801,"depth":80,"text":137019},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":137021},[137022,137024,137026,137028,137030],{"id":136899,"depth":102,"text":137023},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":136907,"depth":102,"text":137025},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":136919,"depth":102,"text":137027},"What does lower() return?",{"id":136927,"depth":102,"text":137029},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":136939,"depth":102,"text":137031},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135464,"description":137033},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137040,"title":137041,"body":137042,"description":138592,"extension":1334,"meta":138593,"navigation":322,"path":138594,"seo":138595,"stem":138596,"__hash__":138597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137043,"toc":138553},[137044,137049,137054,137060,137075,137077,137137,137139,137148,137154,137159,137164,137166,137180,137184,137186,137233,137235,137253,137255,137258,137329,137331,137345,137348,137360,137369,137373,137378,137383,137387,137453,137455,137464,137468,137533,137535,137544,137547,137552,137556,137561,137565,137626,137628,137637,137641,137644,137700,137702,137711,137714,137727,137729,137733,137740,137802,137804,137817,137823,137826,137833,137838,137843,137846,137854,137856,137917,137919,137928,137931,137978,137981,138028,138030,138035,138052,138059,138064,138117,138119,138127,138129,138186,138188,138196,138200,138247,138249,138257,138265,138269,138317,138319,138328,138333,138384,138386,138395,138402,138405,138426,138428,138433,138436,138440,138443,138447,138450,138477,138483,138486,138513,138518,138520,138522,138550],[10,137045,122606,137047,18],{"id":137046},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137048,123777],{},[20,137050,122611,137051,137053],{},[15,137052,123777],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137055,137056,137057,137059],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137058,123777],{},". You will learn:",[165,137061,137062,137066,137069,137072],{},[168,137063,25386,137064,158],{},[15,137065,123777],{},[168,137067,137068],{},"how its syntax works",[168,137070,137071],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[168,137073,137074],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,137076,33],{"id":32},[35,137078,137080],{"className":37,"code":137079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137081,137082,137095,137127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137083,137084,137086,137088,137090,137093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137085,34054],{"class":50},[44,137087,55],{"class":54},[44,137089,290],{"class":278},[44,137091,137092],{"class":282},"I like cats",[44,137094,2727],{"class":278},[44,137096,137097,137099,137101,137103,137105,137107,137109,137111,137114,137116,137118,137120,137123,137125],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137098,129445],{"class":50},[44,137100,55],{"class":54},[44,137102,42211],{"class":50},[44,137104,86],{"class":58},[44,137106,34366],{"class":89},[44,137108,93],{"class":58},[44,137110,279],{"class":278},[44,137112,137113],{"class":282},"cats",[44,137115,279],{"class":278},[44,137117,66],{"class":58},[44,137119,290],{"class":278},[44,137121,137122],{"class":282},"dogs",[44,137124,279],{"class":278},[44,137126,99],{"class":58},[44,137128,137129,137131,137133,137135],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137130,106],{"class":105},[44,137132,93],{"class":58},[44,137134,129476],{"class":89},[44,137136,99],{"class":58},[20,137138,118],{},[35,137140,137142],{"className":37,"code":137141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,137143,137144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137145,137146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137147,137141],{"class":50},[20,137149,148,137150,137153],{},[15,137151,137152],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,137155,155,137157,158],{"id":137156},"what-replace-does",[15,137158,123777],{},[20,137160,137161,137163],{},[15,137162,123777],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137165,12425],{},[165,137167,137168,137170,137172,137175],{},[168,137169,132854],{},[168,137171,135572],{},[168,137173,137174],{},"It works on exact matches",[168,137176,137177,137178],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137179,40628],{},[20,137181,124358,137182,86],{},[184,137183,124361],{"href":50348},[30,137185,4807],{"id":4806},[35,137187,137189],{"className":37,"code":137188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137190,137191,137211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137192,137193,137195,137197,137199,137201,137204,137206,137209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137194,60543],{"class":50},[44,137196,86],{"class":58},[44,137198,34366],{"class":89},[44,137200,93],{"class":58},[44,137202,137203],{"class":89},"old",[44,137205,66],{"class":58},[44,137207,137208],{"class":89}," new",[44,137210,99],{"class":58},[44,137212,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227,137229,137231],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137214,60543],{"class":50},[44,137216,86],{"class":58},[44,137218,34366],{"class":89},[44,137220,93],{"class":58},[44,137222,137203],{"class":89},[44,137224,66],{"class":58},[44,137226,137208],{"class":89},[44,137228,66],{"class":58},[44,137230,48974],{"class":89},[44,137232,99],{"class":58},[693,137234,16764],{"id":16763},[165,137236,137237,137242,137248],{},[168,137238,137239,137241],{},[15,137240,137203],{}," = the text to find",[168,137243,137244,137247],{},[15,137245,137246],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[168,137249,137250,137252],{},[15,137251,40628],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,137254,5163],{"id":5162},[20,137256,137257],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,137259,137261],{"className":37,"code":137260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137262,137263,137275,137305,137309,137319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137264,137265,137267,137269,137271,137273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137266,34054],{"class":50},[44,137268,55],{"class":54},[44,137270,290],{"class":278},[44,137272,137092],{"class":282},[44,137274,2727],{"class":278},[44,137276,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287,137289,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137278,129445],{"class":50},[44,137280,55],{"class":54},[44,137282,42211],{"class":50},[44,137284,86],{"class":58},[44,137286,34366],{"class":89},[44,137288,93],{"class":58},[44,137290,279],{"class":278},[44,137292,137113],{"class":282},[44,137294,279],{"class":278},[44,137296,66],{"class":58},[44,137298,290],{"class":278},[44,137300,137122],{"class":282},[44,137302,279],{"class":278},[44,137304,99],{"class":58},[44,137306,137307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137308,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,137310,137311,137313,137315,137317],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,137312,106],{"class":105},[44,137314,93],{"class":58},[44,137316,34075],{"class":89},[44,137318,99],{"class":58},[44,137320,137321,137323,137325,137327],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,137322,106],{"class":105},[44,137324,93],{"class":58},[44,137326,129476],{"class":89},[44,137328,99],{"class":58},[20,137330,118],{},[35,137332,137334],{"className":37,"code":137333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137335,137336,137341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137337,137338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137339,137340],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,137342,137343],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137344,137141],{"class":50},[20,137346,137347],{},"Notice what happened:",[165,137349,137350,137355],{},[168,137351,137352,137354],{},[15,137353,34075],{}," did not change",[168,137356,137357,137359],{},[15,137358,129476],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137361,137362,137363,137365,137366,137368],{},"This happens because strings are ",[116,137364,136241],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137367,123777],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,137370,137372],{"id":137371},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137374,89068,137375,137377],{},[15,137376,123777],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137379,137380,137381,35989],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137382,40628],{},[693,137384,137386],{"id":137385},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,137388,137390],{"className":37,"code":137389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137391,137392,137405,137439,137443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137393,137394,137396,137398,137400,137403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137395,34054],{"class":50},[44,137397,55],{"class":54},[44,137399,290],{"class":278},[44,137401,137402],{"class":282},"cat cat cat",[44,137404,2727],{"class":278},[44,137406,137407,137409,137411,137413,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425,137427,137429,137431,137433,137435,137437],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137408,1602],{"class":50},[44,137410,55],{"class":54},[44,137412,42211],{"class":50},[44,137414,86],{"class":58},[44,137416,34366],{"class":89},[44,137418,93],{"class":58},[44,137420,279],{"class":278},[44,137422,36415],{"class":282},[44,137424,279],{"class":278},[44,137426,66],{"class":58},[44,137428,290],{"class":278},[44,137430,57496],{"class":282},[44,137432,279],{"class":278},[44,137434,66],{"class":58},[44,137436,4874],{"class":62},[44,137438,99],{"class":58},[44,137440,137441],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137442,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,137444,137445,137447,137449,137451],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,137446,106],{"class":105},[44,137448,93],{"class":58},[44,137450,1637],{"class":89},[44,137452,99],{"class":58},[20,137454,118],{},[35,137456,137458],{"className":37,"code":137457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137459,137460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137461,137462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137463,137457],{"class":50},[693,137465,137467],{"id":137466},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,137469,137471],{"className":37,"code":137470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137472,137473,137485,137519,137523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137474,137475,137477,137479,137481,137483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137476,34054],{"class":50},[44,137478,55],{"class":54},[44,137480,290],{"class":278},[44,137482,137402],{"class":282},[44,137484,2727],{"class":278},[44,137486,137487,137489,137491,137493,137495,137497,137499,137501,137503,137505,137507,137509,137511,137513,137515,137517],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137488,1602],{"class":50},[44,137490,55],{"class":54},[44,137492,42211],{"class":50},[44,137494,86],{"class":58},[44,137496,34366],{"class":89},[44,137498,93],{"class":58},[44,137500,279],{"class":278},[44,137502,36415],{"class":282},[44,137504,279],{"class":278},[44,137506,66],{"class":58},[44,137508,290],{"class":278},[44,137510,57496],{"class":282},[44,137512,279],{"class":278},[44,137514,66],{"class":58},[44,137516,69],{"class":62},[44,137518,99],{"class":58},[44,137520,137521],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137522,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,137524,137525,137527,137529,137531],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,137526,106],{"class":105},[44,137528,93],{"class":58},[44,137530,1637],{"class":89},[44,137532,99],{"class":58},[20,137534,118],{},[35,137536,137538],{"className":37,"code":137537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137539,137540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137541,137542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137543,137537],{"class":50},[20,137545,137546],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137548,137549,137550,86],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[184,137551,127330],{"href":123774},[30,137553,137555],{"id":137554},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137557,137558,137560],{},[15,137559,123777],{}," can also change single characters.",[693,137562,137564],{"id":137563},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,137566,137568],{"className":37,"code":137567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137569,137570,137582,137612,137616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137571,137572,137574,137576,137578,137580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137573,34054],{"class":50},[44,137575,55],{"class":54},[44,137577,290],{"class":278},[44,137579,3459],{"class":282},[44,137581,2727],{"class":278},[44,137583,137584,137586,137588,137590,137592,137594,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604,137606,137608,137610],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137585,1602],{"class":50},[44,137587,55],{"class":54},[44,137589,42211],{"class":50},[44,137591,86],{"class":58},[44,137593,34366],{"class":89},[44,137595,93],{"class":58},[44,137597,279],{"class":278},[44,137599,184],{"class":282},[44,137601,279],{"class":278},[44,137603,66],{"class":58},[44,137605,290],{"class":278},[44,137607,59842],{"class":282},[44,137609,279],{"class":278},[44,137611,99],{"class":58},[44,137613,137614],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137615,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,137617,137618,137620,137622,137624],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,137619,106],{"class":105},[44,137621,93],{"class":58},[44,137623,1637],{"class":89},[44,137625,99],{"class":58},[20,137627,118],{},[35,137629,137631],{"className":37,"code":137630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,137632,137633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137634,137635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137636,137630],{"class":50},[693,137638,137640],{"id":137639},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137642,137643],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,137645,137647],{"className":37,"code":137646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137648,137649,137662,137686,137690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137650,137651,137653,137655,137657,137660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137652,34054],{"class":50},[44,137654,55],{"class":54},[44,137656,290],{"class":278},[44,137658,137659],{"class":282},"a b c",[44,137661,2727],{"class":278},[44,137663,137664,137666,137668,137670,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680,137682,137684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137665,1602],{"class":50},[44,137667,55],{"class":54},[44,137669,42211],{"class":50},[44,137671,86],{"class":58},[44,137673,34366],{"class":89},[44,137675,93],{"class":58},[44,137677,279],{"class":278},[44,137679,290],{"class":278},[44,137681,66],{"class":58},[44,137683,5503],{"class":278},[44,137685,99],{"class":58},[44,137687,137688],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137689,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,137691,137692,137694,137696,137698],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,137693,106],{"class":105},[44,137695,93],{"class":58},[44,137697,1637],{"class":89},[44,137699,99],{"class":58},[20,137701,118],{},[35,137703,137705],{"className":37,"code":137704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,137706,137707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137708,137709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137710,137704],{"class":50},[20,137712,137713],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137715,137716,137717,137721,137722,137726],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[184,137718,125606,137719,718],{"href":128293},[15,137720,59900],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[184,137723,125606,137724,718],{"href":136176},[15,137725,41022],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,137728,123253],{"id":123252},[20,137730,137731,123064],{},[15,137732,123777],{},[20,137734,126651,137735,3766,137737,126658],{},[15,137736,112290],{},[15,137738,137739],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,137741,137743],{"className":37,"code":137742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137744,137745,137758,137788,137792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137746,137747,137749,137751,137753,137756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137748,34054],{"class":50},[44,137750,55],{"class":54},[44,137752,290],{"class":278},[44,137754,137755],{"class":282},"Cat cat CAT",[44,137757,2727],{"class":278},[44,137759,137760,137762,137764,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776,137778,137780,137782,137784,137786],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137761,1602],{"class":50},[44,137763,55],{"class":54},[44,137765,42211],{"class":50},[44,137767,86],{"class":58},[44,137769,34366],{"class":89},[44,137771,93],{"class":58},[44,137773,279],{"class":278},[44,137775,36415],{"class":282},[44,137777,279],{"class":278},[44,137779,66],{"class":58},[44,137781,290],{"class":278},[44,137783,57496],{"class":282},[44,137785,279],{"class":278},[44,137787,99],{"class":58},[44,137789,137790],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137791,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,137793,137794,137796,137798,137800],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,137795,106],{"class":105},[44,137797,93],{"class":58},[44,137799,1637],{"class":89},[44,137801,99],{"class":58},[20,137803,118],{},[35,137805,137807],{"className":37,"code":137806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137808,137809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137810,137811,137814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137812,137813],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,137815,137816],{"class":33819},"CAT\n",[20,137818,137819,137820,137822],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137821,112290],{}," was replaced.",[20,137824,137825],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137827,137828,137829,86],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[184,137830,125606,137831,718],{"href":123333},[15,137832,123336],{},[30,137834,155,137836,11078],{"id":137835},"what-replace-returns",[15,137837,123777],{},[20,137839,137840,137842],{},[15,137841,123777],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137844,137845],{},"If no match is found:",[165,137847,137848,137851],{},[168,137849,137850],{},"no error happens",[168,137852,137853],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137855,894],{},[35,137857,137859],{"className":37,"code":137858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137860,137861,137873,137903,137907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137862,137863,137865,137867,137869,137871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137864,34054],{"class":50},[44,137866,55],{"class":54},[44,137868,290],{"class":278},[44,137870,948],{"class":282},[44,137872,2727],{"class":278},[44,137874,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899,137901],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137876,1602],{"class":50},[44,137878,55],{"class":54},[44,137880,42211],{"class":50},[44,137882,86],{"class":58},[44,137884,34366],{"class":89},[44,137886,93],{"class":58},[44,137888,279],{"class":278},[44,137890,1545],{"class":282},[44,137892,279],{"class":278},[44,137894,66],{"class":58},[44,137896,290],{"class":278},[44,137898,11118],{"class":282},[44,137900,279],{"class":278},[44,137902,99],{"class":58},[44,137904,137905],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137906,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,137908,137909,137911,137913,137915],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,137910,106],{"class":105},[44,137912,93],{"class":58},[44,137914,1637],{"class":89},[44,137916,99],{"class":58},[20,137918,118],{},[35,137920,137922],{"className":37,"code":137921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,137923,137924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137925,137926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137927,137921],{"class":50},[20,137929,137930],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,137932,137934],{"className":37,"code":137933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,137935,137936,137948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137937,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137939,34054],{"class":50},[44,137941,55],{"class":54},[44,137943,290],{"class":278},[44,137945,59776],{"class":282},[44,137947,2727],{"class":278},[44,137949,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,137951,129445],{"class":50},[44,137953,55],{"class":54},[44,137955,42211],{"class":50},[44,137957,86],{"class":58},[44,137959,34366],{"class":89},[44,137961,93],{"class":58},[44,137963,279],{"class":278},[44,137965,59960],{"class":282},[44,137967,279],{"class":278},[44,137969,66],{"class":58},[44,137971,290],{"class":278},[44,137973,6674],{"class":282},[44,137975,279],{"class":278},[44,137977,99],{"class":58},[20,137979,137980],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,137982,137984],{"className":37,"code":137983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,137985,137986,137998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137987,137988,137990,137992,137994,137996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137989,34054],{"class":50},[44,137991,55],{"class":54},[44,137993,290],{"class":278},[44,137995,59776],{"class":282},[44,137997,2727],{"class":278},[44,137999,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138001,34054],{"class":50},[44,138003,55],{"class":54},[44,138005,42211],{"class":50},[44,138007,86],{"class":58},[44,138009,34366],{"class":89},[44,138011,93],{"class":58},[44,138013,279],{"class":278},[44,138015,59960],{"class":282},[44,138017,279],{"class":278},[44,138019,66],{"class":58},[44,138021,290],{"class":278},[44,138023,6674],{"class":282},[44,138025,279],{"class":278},[44,138027,99],{"class":58},[30,138029,3892],{"id":3891},[20,138031,138032,138033,1084],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138034,123777],{},[165,138036,138037,138040,138044,138047],{},[168,138038,138039],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[168,138041,1129,138042,130826],{},[15,138043,123777],{},[168,138045,138046],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[168,138048,1138,138049,138051],{},[15,138050,123777],{}," with regex-based replacements",[693,138053,138055,138056,138058],{"id":138054},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138057,123777],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138060,138061,138062,1084],{},"This does not update ",[15,138063,34075],{},[35,138065,138067],{"className":37,"code":138066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138068,138069,138081,138107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138070,138071,138073,138075,138077,138079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138072,34054],{"class":50},[44,138074,55],{"class":54},[44,138076,290],{"class":278},[44,138078,137092],{"class":282},[44,138080,2727],{"class":278},[44,138082,138083,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138084,34075],{"class":50},[44,138086,86],{"class":58},[44,138088,34366],{"class":89},[44,138090,93],{"class":58},[44,138092,279],{"class":278},[44,138094,137113],{"class":282},[44,138096,279],{"class":278},[44,138098,66],{"class":58},[44,138100,290],{"class":278},[44,138102,137122],{"class":282},[44,138104,279],{"class":278},[44,138106,99],{"class":58},[44,138108,138109,138111,138113,138115],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138110,106],{"class":105},[44,138112,93],{"class":58},[44,138114,34075],{"class":89},[44,138116,99],{"class":58},[20,138118,118],{},[35,138120,138121],{"className":37,"code":137340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138122,138123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138124,138125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138126,137340],{"class":50},[20,138128,10183],{},[35,138130,138132],{"className":37,"code":138131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138133,138134,138146,138176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138135,138136,138138,138140,138142,138144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138137,34054],{"class":50},[44,138139,55],{"class":54},[44,138141,290],{"class":278},[44,138143,137092],{"class":282},[44,138145,2727],{"class":278},[44,138147,138148,138150,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172,138174],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138149,34054],{"class":50},[44,138151,55],{"class":54},[44,138153,42211],{"class":50},[44,138155,86],{"class":58},[44,138157,34366],{"class":89},[44,138159,93],{"class":58},[44,138161,279],{"class":278},[44,138163,137113],{"class":282},[44,138165,279],{"class":278},[44,138167,66],{"class":58},[44,138169,290],{"class":278},[44,138171,137122],{"class":282},[44,138173,279],{"class":278},[44,138175,99],{"class":58},[44,138177,138178,138180,138182,138184],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138179,106],{"class":105},[44,138181,93],{"class":58},[44,138183,34075],{"class":89},[44,138185,99],{"class":58},[20,138187,118],{},[35,138189,138190],{"className":37,"code":137141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138191,138192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138193,138194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138195,137141],{"class":50},[693,138197,138199],{"id":138198},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,138201,138203],{"className":37,"code":138202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138204,138205,138217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138206,138207,138209,138211,138213,138215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138208,34054],{"class":50},[44,138210,55],{"class":54},[44,138212,290],{"class":278},[44,138214,34234],{"class":282},[44,138216,2727],{"class":278},[44,138218,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138220,106],{"class":105},[44,138222,93],{"class":58},[44,138224,34075],{"class":89},[44,138226,86],{"class":58},[44,138228,34366],{"class":89},[44,138230,93],{"class":58},[44,138232,279],{"class":278},[44,138234,948],{"class":282},[44,138236,279],{"class":278},[44,138238,66],{"class":58},[44,138240,290],{"class":278},[44,138242,89303],{"class":282},[44,138244,279],{"class":278},[44,138246,973],{"class":58},[20,138248,118],{},[35,138250,138251],{"className":37,"code":88316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138252,138253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138254,138255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138256,88316],{"class":50},[20,138258,138259,138260,3766,138262,138264],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138261,63903],{},[15,138263,89785],{}," are not the same.",[693,138266,138268],{"id":138267},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,138270,138272],{"className":37,"code":138271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138273,138274,138287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138275,138276,138278,138280,138282,138285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138277,34054],{"class":50},[44,138279,55],{"class":54},[44,138281,290],{"class":278},[44,138283,138284],{"class":282},"red red red",[44,138286,2727],{"class":278},[44,138288,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309,138311,138313,138315],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138290,106],{"class":105},[44,138292,93],{"class":58},[44,138294,34075],{"class":89},[44,138296,86],{"class":58},[44,138298,34366],{"class":89},[44,138300,93],{"class":58},[44,138302,279],{"class":278},[44,138304,283],{"class":282},[44,138306,279],{"class":278},[44,138308,66],{"class":58},[44,138310,290],{"class":278},[44,138312,293],{"class":282},[44,138314,279],{"class":278},[44,138316,973],{"class":58},[20,138318,118],{},[35,138320,138322],{"className":37,"code":138321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138323,138324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138325,138326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138327,138321],{"class":50},[20,138329,138330,138331,1084],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138332,40628],{},[35,138334,138336],{"className":37,"code":138335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138337,138338,138350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138339,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138341,34054],{"class":50},[44,138343,55],{"class":54},[44,138345,290],{"class":278},[44,138347,138284],{"class":282},[44,138349,2727],{"class":278},[44,138351,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370,138372,138374,138376,138378,138380,138382],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138353,106],{"class":105},[44,138355,93],{"class":58},[44,138357,34075],{"class":89},[44,138359,86],{"class":58},[44,138361,34366],{"class":89},[44,138363,93],{"class":58},[44,138365,279],{"class":278},[44,138367,283],{"class":282},[44,138369,279],{"class":278},[44,138371,66],{"class":58},[44,138373,290],{"class":278},[44,138375,293],{"class":282},[44,138377,279],{"class":278},[44,138379,66],{"class":58},[44,138381,4874],{"class":62},[44,138383,973],{"class":58},[20,138385,118],{},[35,138387,138389],{"className":37,"code":138388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,138390,138391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138392,138393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138394,138388],{"class":50},[693,138396,138398,138399,138401],{"id":138397},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138400,123777],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138403,138404],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[165,138406,138407,138414,138421],{},[168,138408,148,138409,138413],{},[184,138410,138411],{"href":128293},[15,138412,59900],{}," to break a string into a list",[168,138415,148,138416,138420],{},[184,138417,138418],{"href":136176},[15,138419,41022],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[168,138422,148,138423,138425],{},[15,138424,123777],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,138427,1235],{"id":1234},[693,138429,1239,138431,123933],{"id":138430},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138432,123777],{},[20,138434,138435],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[693,138437,138439],{"id":138438},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138441,138442],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[693,138444,138446],{"id":138445},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138448,138449],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,138451,138453],{"className":37,"code":138452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138454,138455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138456,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469,138471,138473,138475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138458,34075],{"class":50},[44,138460,86],{"class":58},[44,138462,34366],{"class":89},[44,138464,93],{"class":58},[44,138466,137203],{"class":89},[44,138468,66],{"class":58},[44,138470,137208],{"class":89},[44,138472,66],{"class":58},[44,138474,4874],{"class":62},[44,138476,99],{"class":58},[693,138478,4544,138480,138482],{"id":138479},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138481,123777],{}," remove text?",[20,138484,138485],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,138487,138489],{"className":37,"code":138488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138490,138491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138492,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138494,34075],{"class":50},[44,138496,86],{"class":58},[44,138498,34366],{"class":89},[44,138500,93],{"class":58},[44,138502,279],{"class":278},[44,138504,1545],{"class":282},[44,138506,279],{"class":278},[44,138508,66],{"class":58},[44,138510,5503],{"class":278},[44,138512,99],{"class":58},[693,138514,14274,138516,123942],{"id":138515},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138517,123777],{},[20,138519,129135],{},[30,138521,1279],{"id":1278},[165,138523,138524,138528,138534,138540,138546],{},[168,138525,138526],{},[184,138527,124012],{"href":123774},[168,138529,138530],{},[184,138531,125606,138532,718],{"href":128293},[15,138533,59900],{},[168,138535,138536],{},[184,138537,125606,138538,718],{"href":136176},[15,138539,41022],{},[168,138541,138542],{},[184,138543,125606,138544,718],{"href":123333},[15,138545,123336],{},[168,138547,138548],{},[184,138549,124361],{"href":50348},[1304,138551,138552],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":138554},[138555,138556,138558,138561,138562,138566,138570,138571,138573,138581,138591],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":137156,"depth":80,"text":138557},"What replace() does",{"id":4806,"depth":80,"text":4807,"children":138559},[138560],{"id":16763,"depth":102,"text":16764},{"id":5162,"depth":80,"text":5163},{"id":137371,"depth":80,"text":137372,"children":138563},[138564,138565],{"id":137385,"depth":102,"text":137386},{"id":137466,"depth":102,"text":137467},{"id":137554,"depth":80,"text":137555,"children":138567},[138568,138569],{"id":137563,"depth":102,"text":137564},{"id":137639,"depth":102,"text":137640},{"id":123252,"depth":80,"text":123253},{"id":137835,"depth":80,"text":138572},"What replace() returns",{"id":3891,"depth":80,"text":3892,"children":138574},[138575,138577,138578,138579],{"id":138054,"depth":102,"text":138576},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138198,"depth":102,"text":138199},{"id":138267,"depth":102,"text":138268},{"id":138397,"depth":102,"text":138580},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":138582},[138583,138585,138586,138587,138589],{"id":138430,"depth":102,"text":138584},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138438,"depth":102,"text":138439},{"id":138445,"depth":102,"text":138446},{"id":138479,"depth":102,"text":138588},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138515,"depth":102,"text":138590},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137041,"description":138592},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138599,"title":138600,"body":138601,"description":140620,"extension":1334,"meta":140621,"navigation":322,"path":140622,"seo":140623,"stem":140624,"__hash__":140625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138602,"toc":140584},[138603,138608,138613,138616,138627,138629,138684,138689,138694,138701,138703,138718,138720,138776,138778,138816,138821,138823,138847,138850,138863,138868,138870,138902,138904,138937,138943,138948,138951,138961,138964,138966,139022,139024,139074,139077,139085,139088,139144,139146,139219,139232,139240,139244,139255,139258,139261,139314,139316,139348,139351,139405,139407,139442,139445,139450,139455,139460,139463,139465,139523,139525,139559,139561,139576,139579,139581,139623,139625,139651,139656,139664,139667,139669,139751,139753,139804,139807,139818,139826,139828,139901,139903,139921,139925,139928,139932,139959,139961,139969,139973,140008,140010,140023,140027,140030,140069,140071,140088,140093,140098,140109,140112,140123,140125,140127,140153,140156,140205,140207,140224,140227,140229,140281,140283,140315,140318,140376,140381,140383,140388,140491,140493,140507,140509,140516,140521,140526,140531,140536,140541,140544,140548,140553,140555,140581],[10,138604,122606,138606,18],{"id":138605},"python-string-split-method",[15,138607,59900],{},[20,138609,122611,138610,138612],{},[15,138611,59900],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138614,138615],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[165,138617,138618,138621,138624],{},[168,138619,138620],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[168,138622,138623],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[168,138625,138626],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,138628,33],{"id":32},[35,138630,138632],{"className":37,"code":138631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138633,138634,138647,138669,138679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138635,138636,138638,138640,138642,138645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138637,34054],{"class":50},[44,138639,55],{"class":54},[44,138641,290],{"class":278},[44,138643,138644],{"class":282},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,138646,2727],{"class":278},[44,138648,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138650,42206],{"class":50},[44,138652,55],{"class":54},[44,138654,42211],{"class":50},[44,138656,86],{"class":58},[44,138658,33835],{"class":89},[44,138660,93],{"class":58},[44,138662,279],{"class":278},[44,138664,66],{"class":282},[44,138666,279],{"class":278},[44,138668,99],{"class":58},[44,138670,138671,138673,138675,138677],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138672,106],{"class":105},[44,138674,93],{"class":58},[44,138676,42238],{"class":89},[44,138678,99],{"class":58},[44,138680,138681],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,138682,138683],{"class":3034},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138685,148,138686,138688],{},[15,138687,59900],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,138690,155,138692,158],{"id":138691},"what-split-does",[15,138693,59900],{},[20,138695,138696,131654,138698,86],{},[15,138697,59900],{},[116,138699,138700],{},"string method",[20,138702,48299],{},[165,138704,138705,138708,138713],{},[168,138706,138707],{},"divides a string into parts",[168,138709,118908,138710],{},[116,138711,138712],{},"new list of strings",[168,138714,118914,138715,138717],{},[116,138716,736],{}," change the original string",[20,138719,894],{},[35,138721,138723],{"className":37,"code":138722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138724,138725,138738,138752,138756,138766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138726,138727,138729,138731,138733,138736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138728,34054],{"class":50},[44,138730,55],{"class":54},[44,138732,290],{"class":278},[44,138734,138735],{"class":282},"red blue green",[44,138737,2727],{"class":278},[44,138739,138740,138742,138744,138746,138748,138750],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138741,42206],{"class":50},[44,138743,55],{"class":54},[44,138745,42211],{"class":50},[44,138747,86],{"class":58},[44,138749,33835],{"class":89},[44,138751,913],{"class":58},[44,138753,138754],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138755,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,138757,138758,138760,138762,138764],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,138759,106],{"class":105},[44,138761,93],{"class":58},[44,138763,34075],{"class":89},[44,138765,99],{"class":58},[44,138767,138768,138770,138772,138774],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,138769,106],{"class":105},[44,138771,93],{"class":58},[44,138773,42238],{"class":89},[44,138775,99],{"class":58},[20,138777,118],{},[35,138779,138781],{"className":37,"code":138780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138782,138783,138788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138784,138785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138786,138787],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,138789,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138791,3270],{"class":58},[44,138793,351],{"class":278},[44,138795,283],{"class":282},[44,138797,351],{"class":278},[44,138799,66],{"class":58},[44,138801,360],{"class":278},[44,138803,293],{"class":282},[44,138805,351],{"class":278},[44,138807,66],{"class":58},[44,138809,360],{"class":278},[44,138811,313],{"class":282},[44,138813,351],{"class":278},[44,138815,3005],{"class":58},[20,138817,138818,138819,86],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[184,138820,124361],{"href":50348},[30,138822,196],{"id":195},[35,138824,138826],{"className":37,"code":138825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138827,138828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138829,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138831,60543],{"class":50},[44,138833,86],{"class":58},[44,138835,33835],{"class":89},[44,138837,93],{"class":58},[44,138839,133010],{"class":89},[44,138841,66],{"class":58},[44,138843,138844],{"class":89}," maxsplit",[44,138846,99],{"class":58},[20,138848,138849],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[165,138851,138852,138857],{},[168,138853,138854,138856],{},[15,138855,133010],{}," tells Python where to split",[168,138858,138859,138862],{},[15,138860,138861],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138864,8253,138865,138867],{},[15,138866,133010],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138869,894],{},[35,138871,138873],{"className":37,"code":138872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,138874,138875,138888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138876,138877,138879,138881,138883,138886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138878,34054],{"class":50},[44,138880,55],{"class":54},[44,138882,290],{"class":278},[44,138884,138885],{"class":282},"one two three",[44,138887,2727],{"class":278},[44,138889,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138891,106],{"class":105},[44,138893,93],{"class":58},[44,138895,34075],{"class":89},[44,138897,86],{"class":58},[44,138899,33835],{"class":89},[44,138901,6571],{"class":58},[20,138903,118],{},[35,138905,138907],{"className":37,"code":138906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,138908,138909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138910,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138912,3270],{"class":58},[44,138914,351],{"class":278},[44,138916,5961],{"class":282},[44,138918,351],{"class":278},[44,138920,66],{"class":58},[44,138922,360],{"class":278},[44,138924,78639],{"class":282},[44,138926,351],{"class":278},[44,138928,66],{"class":58},[44,138930,360],{"class":278},[44,138932,133492],{"class":282},[44,138934,351],{"class":278},[44,138936,3005],{"class":58},[30,138938,1123,138940,138942],{"id":138939},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,138941,59900],{}," with no separator",[20,138944,69543,138945,138947],{},[15,138946,59900],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138949,138950],{},"Whitespace includes:",[165,138952,138953,138955,138958],{},[168,138954,9829],{},[168,138956,138957],{},"tabs",[168,138959,138960],{},"new lines",[20,138962,138963],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,138965,894],{},[35,138967,138969],{"className":37,"code":138968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138970,138971,138994,139008,139012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138972,138973,138975,138977,138979,138982,138985,138987,138989,138992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138974,34054],{"class":50},[44,138976,55],{"class":54},[44,138978,290],{"class":278},[44,138980,138981],{"class":282},"Python   is",[44,138983,138984],{"class":33819},"\\t",[44,138986,132746],{"class":282},[44,138988,86520],{"class":33819},[44,138990,138991],{"class":282},"and useful",[44,138993,2727],{"class":278},[44,138995,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,138997,42206],{"class":50},[44,138999,55],{"class":54},[44,139001,42211],{"class":50},[44,139003,86],{"class":58},[44,139005,33835],{"class":89},[44,139007,913],{"class":58},[44,139009,139010],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139011,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,139013,139014,139016,139018,139020],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,139015,106],{"class":105},[44,139017,93],{"class":58},[44,139019,42238],{"class":89},[44,139021,99],{"class":58},[20,139023,118],{},[35,139025,139027],{"className":37,"code":139026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139028,139029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139030,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065,139067,139070,139072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139032,3270],{"class":58},[44,139034,351],{"class":278},[44,139036,6674],{"class":282},[44,139038,351],{"class":278},[44,139040,66],{"class":58},[44,139042,360],{"class":278},[44,139044,11566],{"class":282},[44,139046,351],{"class":278},[44,139048,66],{"class":58},[44,139050,360],{"class":278},[44,139052,132746],{"class":282},[44,139054,351],{"class":278},[44,139056,66],{"class":58},[44,139058,360],{"class":278},[44,139060,129371],{"class":282},[44,139062,351],{"class":278},[44,139064,66],{"class":58},[44,139066,360],{"class":278},[44,139068,139069],{"class":282},"useful",[44,139071,351],{"class":278},[44,139073,3005],{"class":58},[20,139075,139076],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[693,139078,139080,525,139082],{"id":139079},"split-vs-split",[15,139081,59900],{},[15,139083,139084],{},"split(' ')",[20,139086,139087],{},"These are not the same.",[35,139089,139091],{"className":37,"code":139090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139092,139093,139106,139110,139124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139094,139095,139097,139099,139101,139104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139096,34054],{"class":50},[44,139098,55],{"class":54},[44,139100,290],{"class":278},[44,139102,139103],{"class":282},"a  b   c",[44,139105,2727],{"class":278},[44,139107,139108],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139109,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,139111,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139113,106],{"class":105},[44,139115,93],{"class":58},[44,139117,34075],{"class":89},[44,139119,86],{"class":58},[44,139121,33835],{"class":89},[44,139123,6571],{"class":58},[44,139125,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139140,139142],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,139127,106],{"class":105},[44,139129,93],{"class":58},[44,139131,34075],{"class":89},[44,139133,86],{"class":58},[44,139135,33835],{"class":89},[44,139137,93],{"class":58},[44,139139,279],{"class":278},[44,139141,290],{"class":278},[44,139143,973],{"class":58},[20,139145,118],{},[35,139147,139149],{"className":37,"code":139148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139150,139151,139179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139152,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139154,3270],{"class":58},[44,139156,351],{"class":278},[44,139158,184],{"class":282},[44,139160,351],{"class":278},[44,139162,66],{"class":58},[44,139164,360],{"class":278},[44,139166,563],{"class":282},[44,139168,351],{"class":278},[44,139170,66],{"class":58},[44,139172,360],{"class":278},[44,139174,583],{"class":282},[44,139176,351],{"class":278},[44,139178,3005],{"class":58},[44,139180,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139182,3270],{"class":58},[44,139184,351],{"class":278},[44,139186,184],{"class":282},[44,139188,351],{"class":278},[44,139190,66],{"class":58},[44,139192,3209],{"class":278},[44,139194,66],{"class":58},[44,139196,360],{"class":278},[44,139198,563],{"class":282},[44,139200,351],{"class":278},[44,139202,66],{"class":58},[44,139204,3209],{"class":278},[44,139206,66],{"class":58},[44,139208,3209],{"class":278},[44,139210,66],{"class":58},[44,139212,360],{"class":278},[44,139214,583],{"class":282},[44,139216,351],{"class":278},[44,139218,3005],{"class":58},[165,139220,139221,139226],{},[168,139222,139223,139225],{},[15,139224,59900],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[168,139227,139228,139231],{},[15,139229,139230],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139233,139234,139235,139239],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[184,139236,125606,139237,718],{"href":136176},[15,139238,41022],{}," is often useful.",[30,139241,139243],{"id":139242},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139245,139246,139247,1561,139250,1565,139252,86],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139248,139249],{},"\",\"",[15,139251,132845],{},[15,139253,139254],{},"\"::\"",[20,139256,139257],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139259,139260],{},"Example with commas:",[35,139262,139264],{"className":37,"code":139263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139265,139266,139278,139300,139304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139267,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139269,34054],{"class":50},[44,139271,55],{"class":54},[44,139273,290],{"class":278},[44,139275,138644],{"class":282},[44,139277,2727],{"class":278},[44,139279,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296,139298],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139281,42206],{"class":50},[44,139283,55],{"class":54},[44,139285,42211],{"class":50},[44,139287,86],{"class":58},[44,139289,33835],{"class":89},[44,139291,93],{"class":58},[44,139293,279],{"class":278},[44,139295,66],{"class":282},[44,139297,279],{"class":278},[44,139299,99],{"class":58},[44,139301,139302],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139303,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,139305,139306,139308,139310,139312],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,139307,106],{"class":105},[44,139309,93],{"class":58},[44,139311,42238],{"class":89},[44,139313,99],{"class":58},[20,139315,118],{},[35,139317,139318],{"className":37,"code":77818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139319,139320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139321,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139323,3270],{"class":58},[44,139325,351],{"class":278},[44,139327,3450],{"class":282},[44,139329,351],{"class":278},[44,139331,66],{"class":58},[44,139333,360],{"class":278},[44,139335,3459],{"class":282},[44,139337,351],{"class":278},[44,139339,66],{"class":58},[44,139341,360],{"class":278},[44,139343,3468],{"class":282},[44,139345,351],{"class":278},[44,139347,3005],{"class":58},[20,139349,139350],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,139352,139354],{"className":37,"code":139353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139355,139356,139369,139391,139395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139357,139358,139360,139362,139364,139367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139359,34054],{"class":50},[44,139361,55],{"class":54},[44,139363,290],{"class":278},[44,139365,139366],{"class":282},"2024::10::31",[44,139368,2727],{"class":278},[44,139370,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139372,42206],{"class":50},[44,139374,55],{"class":54},[44,139376,42211],{"class":50},[44,139378,86],{"class":58},[44,139380,33835],{"class":89},[44,139382,93],{"class":58},[44,139384,279],{"class":278},[44,139386,76035],{"class":282},[44,139388,279],{"class":278},[44,139390,99],{"class":58},[44,139392,139393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139394,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,139396,139397,139399,139401,139403],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,139398,106],{"class":105},[44,139400,93],{"class":58},[44,139402,42238],{"class":89},[44,139404,99],{"class":58},[20,139406,118],{},[35,139408,139410],{"className":37,"code":139409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139411,139412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139413,139414,139416,139418,139421,139423,139425,139427,139429,139431,139433,139435,139438,139440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139415,3270],{"class":58},[44,139417,351],{"class":278},[44,139419,139420],{"class":282},"2024",[44,139422,351],{"class":278},[44,139424,66],{"class":58},[44,139426,360],{"class":278},[44,139428,931],{"class":282},[44,139430,351],{"class":278},[44,139432,66],{"class":58},[44,139434,360],{"class":278},[44,139436,139437],{"class":282},"31",[44,139439,351],{"class":278},[44,139441,3005],{"class":58},[20,139443,139444],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139446,139447,139448,86],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[184,139449,128290],{"href":128289},[30,139451,1123,139453],{"id":139452},"using-maxsplit",[15,139454,138861],{},[20,139456,139457,139459],{},[15,139458,138861],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139461,139462],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139464,894],{},[35,139466,139468],{"className":37,"code":139467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139469,139470,139483,139509,139513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139471,139472,139474,139476,139478,139481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139473,34054],{"class":50},[44,139475,55],{"class":54},[44,139477,290],{"class":278},[44,139479,139480],{"class":282},"name:age:city:country",[44,139482,2727],{"class":278},[44,139484,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139486,42206],{"class":50},[44,139488,55],{"class":54},[44,139490,42211],{"class":50},[44,139492,86],{"class":58},[44,139494,33835],{"class":89},[44,139496,93],{"class":58},[44,139498,279],{"class":278},[44,139500,1084],{"class":282},[44,139502,279],{"class":278},[44,139504,66],{"class":58},[44,139506,69],{"class":62},[44,139508,99],{"class":58},[44,139510,139511],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139512,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,139514,139515,139517,139519,139521],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,139516,106],{"class":105},[44,139518,93],{"class":58},[44,139520,42238],{"class":89},[44,139522,99],{"class":58},[20,139524,118],{},[35,139526,139528],{"className":37,"code":139527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139529,139530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139531,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139555,139557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139533,3270],{"class":58},[44,139535,351],{"class":278},[44,139537,7046],{"class":282},[44,139539,351],{"class":278},[44,139541,66],{"class":58},[44,139543,360],{"class":278},[44,139545,8677],{"class":282},[44,139547,351],{"class":278},[44,139549,66],{"class":58},[44,139551,360],{"class":278},[44,139553,139554],{"class":282},"city:country",[44,139556,351],{"class":278},[44,139558,3005],{"class":58},[20,139560,1550],{},[165,139562,139563,139568,139573],{},[168,139564,139565,139566],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139567,1084],{},[168,139569,139570,139571],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139572,1084],{},[168,139574,139575],{},"then stops",[20,139577,139578],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139580,51453],{},[35,139582,139584],{"className":37,"code":139583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139585,139586,139599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139587,139588,139590,139592,139594,139597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139589,34054],{"class":50},[44,139591,55],{"class":54},[44,139593,290],{"class":278},[44,139595,139596],{"class":282},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,139598,2727],{"class":278},[44,139600,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139602,106],{"class":105},[44,139604,93],{"class":58},[44,139606,34075],{"class":89},[44,139608,86],{"class":58},[44,139610,33835],{"class":89},[44,139612,93],{"class":58},[44,139614,279],{"class":278},[44,139616,290],{"class":278},[44,139618,66],{"class":58},[44,139620,4874],{"class":62},[44,139622,973],{"class":58},[20,139624,118],{},[35,139626,139628],{"className":37,"code":139627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139629,139630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139631,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139647,139649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139633,3270],{"class":58},[44,139635,351],{"class":278},[44,139637,3450],{"class":282},[44,139639,351],{"class":278},[44,139641,66],{"class":58},[44,139643,360],{"class":278},[44,139645,139646],{"class":282},"banana cherry grape",[44,139648,351],{"class":278},[44,139650,3005],{"class":58},[30,139652,155,139654,11078],{"id":139653},"what-split-returns",[15,139655,59900],{},[20,139657,139658,139659,139661,139662,86],{},"The result of ",[15,139660,59900],{}," is always a ",[116,139663,1097],{},[20,139665,139666],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139668,894],{},[35,139670,139672],{"className":37,"code":139671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139673,139674,139687,139709,139713,139723,139737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139675,139676,139678,139680,139682,139685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139677,34054],{"class":50},[44,139679,55],{"class":54},[44,139681,290],{"class":278},[44,139683,139684],{"class":282},"cat,dog,bird",[44,139686,2727],{"class":278},[44,139688,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699,139701,139703,139705,139707],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139690,42206],{"class":50},[44,139692,55],{"class":54},[44,139694,42211],{"class":50},[44,139696,86],{"class":58},[44,139698,33835],{"class":89},[44,139700,93],{"class":58},[44,139702,279],{"class":278},[44,139704,66],{"class":282},[44,139706,279],{"class":278},[44,139708,99],{"class":58},[44,139710,139711],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139712,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,139714,139715,139717,139719,139721],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,139716,106],{"class":105},[44,139718,93],{"class":58},[44,139720,42238],{"class":89},[44,139722,99],{"class":58},[44,139724,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,139726,106],{"class":105},[44,139728,93],{"class":58},[44,139730,1090],{"class":909},[44,139732,93],{"class":58},[44,139734,42238],{"class":89},[44,139736,973],{"class":58},[44,139738,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,139740,106],{"class":105},[44,139742,93],{"class":58},[44,139744,42238],{"class":89},[44,139746,3270],{"class":58},[44,139748,1491],{"class":62},[44,139750,677],{"class":58},[20,139752,118],{},[35,139754,139756],{"className":37,"code":139755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139757,139758,139786,139800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139759,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139761,3270],{"class":58},[44,139763,351],{"class":278},[44,139765,36415],{"class":282},[44,139767,351],{"class":278},[44,139769,66],{"class":58},[44,139771,360],{"class":278},[44,139773,57496],{"class":282},[44,139775,351],{"class":278},[44,139777,66],{"class":58},[44,139779,360],{"class":278},[44,139781,57513],{"class":282},[44,139783,351],{"class":278},[44,139785,3005],{"class":58},[44,139787,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139789,2659],{"class":54},[44,139791,2662],{"class":1436},[44,139793,360],{"class":278},[44,139795,1097],{"class":282},[44,139797,351],{"class":278},[44,139799,2671],{"class":54},[44,139801,139802],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139803,84836],{"class":50},[20,139805,139806],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[165,139808,139809,139812,139815],{},[168,139810,139811],{},"loop over it",[168,139813,139814],{},"access items by index",[168,139816,139817],{},"combine items again later",[20,139819,139820,139821,86],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[184,139822,125606,139824,718],{"href":139823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139825,132688],{},[20,139827,894],{},[35,139829,139831],{"className":37,"code":139830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139832,139833,139865,139887,139891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139834,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139836,42206],{"class":50},[44,139838,55],{"class":54},[44,139840,2992],{"class":58},[44,139842,351],{"class":278},[44,139844,36415],{"class":282},[44,139846,351],{"class":278},[44,139848,66],{"class":58},[44,139850,360],{"class":278},[44,139852,57496],{"class":282},[44,139854,351],{"class":278},[44,139856,66],{"class":58},[44,139858,360],{"class":278},[44,139860,57513],{"class":282},[44,139862,351],{"class":278},[44,139864,3005],{"class":58},[44,139866,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139868,34054],{"class":50},[44,139870,55],{"class":54},[44,139872,290],{"class":278},[44,139874,1393],{"class":282},[44,139876,279],{"class":278},[44,139878,86],{"class":58},[44,139880,132765],{"class":89},[44,139882,93],{"class":58},[44,139884,42238],{"class":89},[44,139886,99],{"class":58},[44,139888,139889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139890,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,139892,139893,139895,139897,139899],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,139894,106],{"class":105},[44,139896,93],{"class":58},[44,139898,34075],{"class":89},[44,139900,99],{"class":58},[20,139902,118],{},[35,139904,139906],{"className":37,"code":139905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,139907,139908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139909,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139911,36415],{"class":50},[44,139913,1393],{"class":54},[44,139915,57496],{"class":50},[44,139917,1393],{"class":54},[44,139919,139920],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,139922,139924],{"id":139923},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,139926,139927],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[693,139929,139931],{"id":139930},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,139933,139935],{"className":37,"code":139934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139936,139937,139945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139938,139939,139941,139943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139940,34054],{"class":50},[44,139942,55],{"class":54},[44,139944,7259],{"class":278},[44,139946,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139948,106],{"class":105},[44,139950,93],{"class":58},[44,139952,34075],{"class":89},[44,139954,86],{"class":58},[44,139956,33835],{"class":89},[44,139958,6571],{"class":58},[20,139960,118],{},[35,139962,139963],{"className":37,"code":37665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139964,139965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139966,139967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139968,37665],{"class":58},[693,139970,139972],{"id":139971},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,139974,139976],{"className":37,"code":139975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,139977,139978,139986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139979,139980,139982,139984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139981,34054],{"class":50},[44,139983,55],{"class":54},[44,139985,7259],{"class":278},[44,139987,139988,139990,139992,139994,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,139989,106],{"class":105},[44,139991,93],{"class":58},[44,139993,34075],{"class":89},[44,139995,86],{"class":58},[44,139997,33835],{"class":89},[44,139999,93],{"class":58},[44,140001,279],{"class":278},[44,140003,66],{"class":282},[44,140005,279],{"class":278},[44,140007,973],{"class":58},[20,140009,118],{},[35,140011,140013],{"className":37,"code":140012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,140014,140015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140016,140017,140019,140021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140018,3270],{"class":58},[44,140020,3144],{"class":278},[44,140022,3005],{"class":58},[693,140024,140026],{"id":140025},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140028,140029],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,140031,140033],{"className":37,"code":140032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140034,140035,140047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140036,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140038,34054],{"class":50},[44,140040,55],{"class":54},[44,140042,290],{"class":278},[44,140044,948],{"class":282},[44,140046,2727],{"class":278},[44,140048,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140050,106],{"class":105},[44,140052,93],{"class":58},[44,140054,34075],{"class":89},[44,140056,86],{"class":58},[44,140058,33835],{"class":89},[44,140060,93],{"class":58},[44,140062,279],{"class":278},[44,140064,66],{"class":282},[44,140066,279],{"class":278},[44,140068,973],{"class":58},[20,140070,118],{},[35,140072,140074],{"className":37,"code":140073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,140075,140076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140077,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140079,3270],{"class":58},[44,140081,351],{"class":278},[44,140083,948],{"class":282},[44,140085,351],{"class":278},[44,140087,3005],{"class":58},[30,140089,4334,140091],{"id":140090},"when-to-use-split",[15,140092,59900],{},[20,140094,148,140095,140097],{},[15,140096,59900],{}," when you need to:",[165,140099,140100,140103,140106],{},[168,140101,140102],{},"split a sentence into words",[168,140104,140105],{},"split comma-separated values",[168,140107,140108],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140110,140111],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[165,140113,140114,140117,140120],{},[168,140115,140116],{},"cleaning text",[168,140118,140119],{},"parsing user input",[168,140121,140122],{},"processing simple file content",[30,140124,1113],{"id":1112},[20,140126,83607],{},[165,140128,140129,140133,140139,140142,140150],{},[168,140130,49878,140131,130826],{},[15,140132,59900],{},[168,140134,140135,140136,140138],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140137,59900],{}," returns a list, not a string",[168,140140,140141],{},"using the wrong separator",[168,140143,140144,140145,140147,140148],{},"assuming ",[15,140146,139084],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140149,59900],{},[168,140151,140152],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140154,140155],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,140157,140159],{"className":37,"code":140158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140160,140161,140173,140191,140195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140162,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140164,34054],{"class":50},[44,140166,55],{"class":54},[44,140168,290],{"class":278},[44,140170,42199],{"class":282},[44,140172,2727],{"class":278},[44,140174,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140176,34075],{"class":50},[44,140178,86],{"class":58},[44,140180,33835],{"class":89},[44,140182,93],{"class":58},[44,140184,279],{"class":278},[44,140186,66],{"class":282},[44,140188,279],{"class":278},[44,140190,99],{"class":58},[44,140192,140193],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140194,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,140196,140197,140199,140201,140203],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,140198,106],{"class":105},[44,140200,93],{"class":58},[44,140202,34075],{"class":89},[44,140204,99],{"class":58},[20,140206,118],{},[35,140208,140210],{"className":37,"code":140209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,140211,140212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140213,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140215,184],{"class":50},[44,140217,66],{"class":58},[44,140219,563],{"class":50},[44,140221,66],{"class":58},[44,140223,68615],{"class":50},[20,140225,140226],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140228,10183],{},[35,140230,140231],{"className":37,"code":42186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140232,140233,140245,140267,140271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140234,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140236,34054],{"class":50},[44,140238,55],{"class":54},[44,140240,290],{"class":278},[44,140242,42199],{"class":282},[44,140244,2727],{"class":278},[44,140246,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259,140261,140263,140265],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140248,42206],{"class":50},[44,140250,55],{"class":54},[44,140252,42211],{"class":50},[44,140254,86],{"class":58},[44,140256,33835],{"class":89},[44,140258,93],{"class":58},[44,140260,279],{"class":278},[44,140262,66],{"class":282},[44,140264,279],{"class":278},[44,140266,99],{"class":58},[44,140268,140269],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140270,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,140272,140273,140275,140277,140279],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,140274,106],{"class":105},[44,140276,93],{"class":58},[44,140278,42238],{"class":89},[44,140280,99],{"class":58},[20,140282,118],{},[35,140284,140285],{"className":37,"code":42245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140286,140287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140288,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140290,3270],{"class":58},[44,140292,351],{"class":278},[44,140294,184],{"class":282},[44,140296,351],{"class":278},[44,140298,66],{"class":58},[44,140300,360],{"class":278},[44,140302,563],{"class":282},[44,140304,351],{"class":278},[44,140306,66],{"class":58},[44,140308,360],{"class":278},[44,140310,583],{"class":282},[44,140312,351],{"class":278},[44,140314,3005],{"class":58},[20,140316,140317],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,140319,140321],{"className":37,"code":140320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140322,140323,140336,140358,140362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140324,140325,140327,140329,140331,140334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140326,34054],{"class":50},[44,140328,55],{"class":54},[44,140330,290],{"class":278},[44,140332,140333],{"class":282},"apple,banana",[44,140335,2727],{"class":278},[44,140337,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354,140356],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140339,42206],{"class":50},[44,140341,55],{"class":54},[44,140343,42211],{"class":50},[44,140345,86],{"class":58},[44,140347,33835],{"class":89},[44,140349,93],{"class":58},[44,140351,279],{"class":278},[44,140353,66],{"class":282},[44,140355,279],{"class":278},[44,140357,99],{"class":58},[44,140359,140360],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140361,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,140363,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,140365,106],{"class":105},[44,140367,93],{"class":58},[44,140369,42238],{"class":89},[44,140371,3270],{"class":58},[44,140373,472],{"class":62},[44,140375,677],{"class":58},[20,140377,140378,140379,86],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[184,140380,68628],{"href":68627},[693,140382,60079],{"id":60078},[20,140384,8253,140385,140387],{},[15,140386,59900],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,140389,140391],{"className":37,"code":140390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140392,140393,140403,140417,140439,140465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140394,140395,140397,140399,140401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140396,106],{"class":105},[44,140398,93],{"class":58},[44,140400,34075],{"class":89},[44,140402,99],{"class":58},[44,140404,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140406,106],{"class":105},[44,140408,93],{"class":58},[44,140410,34075],{"class":89},[44,140412,86],{"class":58},[44,140414,33835],{"class":89},[44,140416,6571],{"class":58},[44,140418,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140420,106],{"class":105},[44,140422,93],{"class":58},[44,140424,34075],{"class":89},[44,140426,86],{"class":58},[44,140428,33835],{"class":89},[44,140430,93],{"class":58},[44,140432,351],{"class":278},[44,140434,66],{"class":282},[44,140436,351],{"class":278},[44,140438,973],{"class":58},[44,140440,140441,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,140442,106],{"class":105},[44,140444,93],{"class":58},[44,140446,10537],{"class":105},[44,140448,93],{"class":58},[44,140450,34075],{"class":89},[44,140452,86],{"class":58},[44,140454,33835],{"class":89},[44,140456,93],{"class":58},[44,140458,351],{"class":278},[44,140460,66],{"class":282},[44,140462,351],{"class":278},[44,140464,2282],{"class":58},[44,140466,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,140468,106],{"class":105},[44,140470,93],{"class":58},[44,140472,1090],{"class":909},[44,140474,93],{"class":58},[44,140476,34075],{"class":89},[44,140478,86],{"class":58},[44,140480,33835],{"class":89},[44,140482,93],{"class":58},[44,140484,351],{"class":278},[44,140486,66],{"class":282},[44,140488,351],{"class":278},[44,140490,2282],{"class":58},[20,140492,10546],{},[165,140494,140495,140498,140501,140504],{},[168,140496,140497],{},"what the original string looks like",[168,140499,140500],{},"which separator works",[168,140502,140503],{},"how many items were created",[168,140505,140506],{},"that the result is a list",[30,140508,1235],{"id":1234},[693,140510,4554,140512,3766,140514,1863],{"id":140511},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140513,59900],{},[15,140515,139084],{},[20,140517,140518,140520],{},[15,140519,59900],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140522,140523,140525],{},[15,140524,139084],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[693,140527,1239,140529,123933],{"id":140528},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140530,59900],{},[20,140532,140533,140534,55847],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140535,59900],{},[693,140537,4516,140539,39329],{"id":140538},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140540,138861],{},[20,140542,140543],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[693,140545,140547],{"id":140546},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140549,28429,140550,140552],{},[15,140551,59900],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,140554,1279],{"id":1278},[165,140556,140557,140561,140567,140573,140577],{},[168,140558,140559],{},[184,140560,129211],{"href":128289},[168,140562,140563],{},[184,140564,125606,140565,718],{"href":139823},[15,140566,132688],{},[168,140568,140569],{},[184,140570,125606,140571,718],{"href":136176},[15,140572,41022],{},[168,140574,140575],{},[184,140576,124361],{"href":50348},[168,140578,140579],{},[184,140580,68628],{"href":68627},[1304,140582,140583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":140585},[140586,140587,140589,140590,140595,140596,140598,140600,140605,140607,140610,140619],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":138691,"depth":80,"text":140588},"What split() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":138939,"depth":80,"text":140591,"children":140592},"Using split() with no separator",[140593],{"id":139079,"depth":102,"text":140594},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139242,"depth":80,"text":139243},{"id":139452,"depth":80,"text":140597},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139653,"depth":80,"text":140599},"What split() returns",{"id":139923,"depth":80,"text":139924,"children":140601},[140602,140603,140604],{"id":139930,"depth":102,"text":139931},{"id":139971,"depth":102,"text":139972},{"id":140025,"depth":102,"text":140026},{"id":140090,"depth":80,"text":140606},"When to use split()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":140608},[140609],{"id":60078,"depth":102,"text":60079},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":140611},[140612,140614,140616,140618],{"id":140511,"depth":102,"text":140613},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140528,"depth":102,"text":140615},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140538,"depth":102,"text":140617},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140546,"depth":102,"text":140547},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138600,"description":140620},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140627,"title":140628,"body":140629,"description":142572,"extension":1334,"meta":142573,"navigation":322,"path":142574,"seo":142575,"stem":142576,"__hash__":142577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140630,"toc":142531},[140631,140636,140641,140648,140721,140726,140731,140736,140752,140754,140824,140826,140828,140848,140850,140895,140900,140902,141000,141005,141009,141014,141018,141021,141063,141067,141070,141115,141119,141122,141172,141176,141181,141233,141235,141240,141251,141256,141336,141338,141350,141359,141366,141381,141383,141498,141504,141508,141511,141516,141658,141661,141668,141670,141674,141682,141751,141757,141806,141811,141816,141818,141838,141840,141906,141908,141912,141915,141919,141960,141962,141995,142000,142003,142030,142032,142075,142082,142087,142097,142163,142167,142175,142180,142231,142235,142238,142240,142249,142251,142301,142303,142410,142412,142417,142424,142430,142433,142464,142469,142471,142478,142486,142495,142498,142500,142528],[10,140632,122606,140634,18],{"id":140633},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140635,126974],{},[20,140637,122611,140638,140640],{},[15,140639,126974],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140642,125672,140643,188,140645,140647],{},[15,140644,987],{},[15,140646,3045],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,140649,140651],{"className":37,"code":140650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140652,140653,140666,140670,140695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140654,140655,140657,140659,140661,140664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140656,34054],{"class":50},[44,140658,55],{"class":54},[44,140660,290],{"class":278},[44,140662,140663],{"class":282},"Python Beginner Help",[44,140665,2727],{"class":278},[44,140667,140668],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140669,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,140671,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140673,106],{"class":105},[44,140675,93],{"class":58},[44,140677,34075],{"class":89},[44,140679,86],{"class":58},[44,140681,140682],{"class":89},"startswith",[44,140684,93],{"class":58},[44,140686,279],{"class":278},[44,140688,6674],{"class":282},[44,140690,279],{"class":278},[44,140692,4737],{"class":58},[44,140694,43225],{"class":3034},[44,140696,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140714,140716,140718],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,140698,106],{"class":105},[44,140700,93],{"class":58},[44,140702,34075],{"class":89},[44,140704,86],{"class":58},[44,140706,140682],{"class":89},[44,140708,93],{"class":58},[44,140710,279],{"class":278},[44,140712,140713],{"class":282},"Beginner",[44,140715,279],{"class":278},[44,140717,4737],{"class":58},[44,140719,140720],{"class":3034}," # False\n",[20,140722,148,140723,140725],{},[15,140724,126974],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,140727,155,140729,158],{"id":140728},"what-startswith-does",[15,140730,126974],{},[20,140732,140733,140735],{},[15,140734,126974],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[165,140737,140738,140741,140747,140749],{},[168,140739,140740],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[168,140742,4522,140743,188,140745],{},[15,140744,987],{},[15,140746,3045],{},[168,140748,122749],{},[168,140750,140751],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140753,894],{},[35,140755,140757],{"className":37,"code":140756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140758,140759,140771,140775,140800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140760,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140762,7254],{"class":50},[44,140764,55],{"class":54},[44,140766,290],{"class":278},[44,140768,6674],{"class":282},[44,140770,2727],{"class":278},[44,140772,140773],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140774,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,140776,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789,140791,140794,140796,140798],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140778,106],{"class":105},[44,140780,93],{"class":58},[44,140782,7046],{"class":89},[44,140784,86],{"class":58},[44,140786,140682],{"class":89},[44,140788,93],{"class":58},[44,140790,279],{"class":278},[44,140792,140793],{"class":282},"Py",[44,140795,279],{"class":278},[44,140797,4737],{"class":58},[44,140799,43225],{"class":3034},[44,140801,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,140803,106],{"class":105},[44,140805,93],{"class":58},[44,140807,7046],{"class":89},[44,140809,86],{"class":58},[44,140811,140682],{"class":89},[44,140813,93],{"class":58},[44,140815,279],{"class":278},[44,140817,128052],{"class":282},[44,140819,279],{"class":278},[44,140821,4737],{"class":58},[44,140823,43242],{"class":3034},[30,140825,196],{"id":195},[20,140827,41754],{},[35,140829,140831],{"className":37,"code":140830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140832,140833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140834,140835,140837,140839,140841,140843,140846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140836,60543],{"class":50},[44,140838,86],{"class":58},[44,140840,140682],{"class":89},[44,140842,93],{"class":58},[44,140844,140845],{"class":89},"prefix",[44,140847,99],{"class":58},[20,140849,30129],{},[35,140851,140853],{"className":37,"code":140852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140854,140855,140873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140856,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140858,60543],{"class":50},[44,140860,86],{"class":58},[44,140862,140682],{"class":89},[44,140864,93],{"class":58},[44,140866,140845],{"class":89},[44,140868,66],{"class":58},[44,140870,35420],{"class":89},[44,140872,99],{"class":58},[44,140874,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891,140893],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140876,60543],{"class":50},[44,140878,86],{"class":58},[44,140880,140682],{"class":89},[44,140882,93],{"class":58},[44,140884,140845],{"class":89},[44,140886,66],{"class":58},[44,140888,35420],{"class":89},[44,140890,66],{"class":58},[44,140892,64409],{"class":89},[44,140894,99],{"class":58},[20,140896,20137,140897,140899],{},[15,140898,140845],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,140901,894],{},[35,140903,140905],{"className":37,"code":140904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,140906,140907,140919,140923,140948,140972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140908,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140910,34054],{"class":50},[44,140912,55],{"class":54},[44,140914,290],{"class":278},[44,140916,59776],{"class":282},[44,140918,2727],{"class":278},[44,140920,140921],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,140922,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,140924,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140926,106],{"class":105},[44,140928,93],{"class":58},[44,140930,34075],{"class":89},[44,140932,86],{"class":58},[44,140934,140682],{"class":89},[44,140936,93],{"class":58},[44,140938,279],{"class":278},[44,140940,948],{"class":282},[44,140942,279],{"class":278},[44,140944,4737],{"class":58},[44,140946,140947],{"class":3034},"      # True\n",[44,140949,140950,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,140951,106],{"class":105},[44,140953,93],{"class":58},[44,140955,34075],{"class":89},[44,140957,86],{"class":58},[44,140959,140682],{"class":89},[44,140961,93],{"class":58},[44,140963,279],{"class":278},[44,140965,59960],{"class":282},[44,140967,279],{"class":278},[44,140969,4737],{"class":58},[44,140971,20567],{"class":3034},[44,140973,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996,140998],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,140975,106],{"class":105},[44,140977,93],{"class":58},[44,140979,34075],{"class":89},[44,140981,86],{"class":58},[44,140983,140682],{"class":89},[44,140985,93],{"class":58},[44,140987,279],{"class":278},[44,140989,59960],{"class":282},[44,140991,279],{"class":278},[44,140993,66],{"class":58},[44,140995,37011],{"class":62},[44,140997,4737],{"class":58},[44,140999,43225],{"class":3034},[20,141001,141002,141003,86],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[184,141004,124361],{"href":50348},[30,141006,141008],{"id":141007},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141010,141011,141013],{},[15,141012,126974],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[693,141015,141016],{"id":140845},[15,141017,140845],{},[20,141019,141020],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,141022,141024],{"className":37,"code":141023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141025,141026,141038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141027,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141029,34054],{"class":50},[44,141031,55],{"class":54},[44,141033,290],{"class":278},[44,141035,3459],{"class":282},[44,141037,2727],{"class":278},[44,141039,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054,141057,141059,141061],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141041,106],{"class":105},[44,141043,93],{"class":58},[44,141045,34075],{"class":89},[44,141047,86],{"class":58},[44,141049,140682],{"class":89},[44,141051,93],{"class":58},[44,141053,279],{"class":278},[44,141055,141056],{"class":282},"ban",[44,141058,279],{"class":278},[44,141060,4737],{"class":58},[44,141062,3035],{"class":3034},[693,141064,141065],{"id":35441},[15,141066,35441],{},[20,141068,141069],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,141071,141073],{"className":37,"code":141072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141074,141075,141087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141076,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141078,34054],{"class":50},[44,141080,55],{"class":54},[44,141082,290],{"class":278},[44,141084,59776],{"class":282},[44,141086,2727],{"class":278},[44,141088,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141090,106],{"class":105},[44,141092,93],{"class":58},[44,141094,34075],{"class":89},[44,141096,86],{"class":58},[44,141098,140682],{"class":89},[44,141100,93],{"class":58},[44,141102,279],{"class":278},[44,141104,59960],{"class":282},[44,141106,279],{"class":278},[44,141108,66],{"class":58},[44,141110,37011],{"class":62},[44,141112,4737],{"class":58},[44,141114,3035],{"class":3034},[693,141116,141117],{"id":52032},[15,141118,52032],{},[20,141120,141121],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,141123,141125],{"className":37,"code":141124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141126,141127,141139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141128,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141130,34054],{"class":50},[44,141132,55],{"class":54},[44,141134,290],{"class":278},[44,141136,59776],{"class":282},[44,141138,2727],{"class":278},[44,141140,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141142,106],{"class":105},[44,141144,93],{"class":58},[44,141146,34075],{"class":89},[44,141148,86],{"class":58},[44,141150,140682],{"class":89},[44,141152,93],{"class":58},[44,141154,279],{"class":278},[44,141156,141157],{"class":282},"wor",[44,141159,279],{"class":278},[44,141161,66],{"class":58},[44,141163,37011],{"class":62},[44,141165,66],{"class":58},[44,141167,53507],{"class":62},[44,141169,4737],{"class":58},[44,141171,3035],{"class":3034},[693,141173,141175],{"id":141174},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141177,141178,141180],{},[15,141179,140845],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,141182,141184],{"className":37,"code":141183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141185,141186,141199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141187,141188,141190,141192,141194,141197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141189,125689],{"class":50},[44,141191,55],{"class":54},[44,141193,290],{"class":278},[44,141195,141196],{"class":282},"img_001.png",[44,141198,2727],{"class":278},[44,141200,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141218,141220,141222,141224,141227,141229,141231],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141202,106],{"class":105},[44,141204,93],{"class":58},[44,141206,125707],{"class":89},[44,141208,86],{"class":58},[44,141210,140682],{"class":89},[44,141212,964],{"class":58},[44,141214,279],{"class":278},[44,141216,141217],{"class":282},"img_",[44,141219,279],{"class":278},[44,141221,66],{"class":58},[44,141223,290],{"class":278},[44,141225,141226],{"class":282},"photo_",[44,141228,279],{"class":278},[44,141230,50464],{"class":58},[44,141232,3035],{"class":3034},[30,141234,722],{"id":721},[20,141236,141237,141239],{},[15,141238,126974],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[165,141241,141242,141247],{},[168,141243,141244,141246],{},[15,141245,987],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[168,141248,141249,126291],{},[15,141250,3045],{},[20,141252,141253,141254,6549],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141255,6374],{},[35,141257,141259],{"className":37,"code":141258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141260,141261,141275,141279,141300,141315,141321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141262,141263,141266,141268,141270,141273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141264,141265],{"class":50},"command ",[44,141267,55],{"class":54},[44,141269,290],{"class":278},[44,141271,141272],{"class":282},"\u002Fhelp",[44,141274,2727],{"class":278},[44,141276,141277],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141278,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,141280,141281,141283,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141282,6374],{"class":3246},[44,141284,141285],{"class":50}," command",[44,141287,86],{"class":58},[44,141289,140682],{"class":89},[44,141291,93],{"class":58},[44,141293,279],{"class":278},[44,141295,126498],{"class":282},[44,141297,279],{"class":278},[44,141299,7720],{"class":58},[44,141301,141302,141304,141306,141308,141311,141313],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,141303,7447],{"class":105},[44,141305,93],{"class":58},[44,141307,279],{"class":278},[44,141309,141310],{"class":282},"This looks like a command.",[44,141312,279],{"class":278},[44,141314,99],{"class":58},[44,141316,141317,141319],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,141318,26801],{"class":3246},[44,141320,5770],{"class":58},[44,141322,141323,141325,141327,141329,141332,141334],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,141324,7447],{"class":105},[44,141326,93],{"class":58},[44,141328,279],{"class":278},[44,141330,141331],{"class":282},"This is normal text.",[44,141333,279],{"class":278},[44,141335,99],{"class":58},[20,141337,118],{},[35,141339,141341],{"className":37,"code":141340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141342,141343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141344,141345,141348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141346,141347],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,141349,121638],{"class":58},[30,141351,1123,141353,8082,141355,3766,141357],{"id":141352},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141354,126974],{},[15,141356,35441],{},[15,141358,52032],{},[20,141360,1351,141361,3766,141363,141365],{},[15,141362,35441],{},[15,141364,52032],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[165,141367,141368,141373,141378],{},[168,141369,141370,141372],{},[15,141371,35441],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[168,141374,141375,141377],{},[15,141376,52032],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[168,141379,141380],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141382,894],{},[35,141384,141386],{"className":37,"code":141385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141387,141388,141400,141404,141433,141466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141389,141390,141392,141394,141396,141398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141391,34054],{"class":50},[44,141393,55],{"class":54},[44,141395,290],{"class":278},[44,141397,138885],{"class":282},[44,141399,2727],{"class":278},[44,141401,141402],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141403,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,141405,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141407,106],{"class":105},[44,141409,93],{"class":58},[44,141411,34075],{"class":89},[44,141413,86],{"class":58},[44,141415,140682],{"class":89},[44,141417,93],{"class":58},[44,141419,279],{"class":278},[44,141421,78639],{"class":282},[44,141423,279],{"class":278},[44,141425,66],{"class":58},[44,141427,143],{"class":62},[44,141429,4737],{"class":58},[44,141431,141432],{"class":3034},"        # True\n",[44,141434,141435,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141462,141464],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,141436,106],{"class":105},[44,141438,93],{"class":58},[44,141440,34075],{"class":89},[44,141442,86],{"class":58},[44,141444,140682],{"class":89},[44,141446,93],{"class":58},[44,141448,279],{"class":278},[44,141450,133492],{"class":282},[44,141452,279],{"class":278},[44,141454,66],{"class":58},[44,141456,5736],{"class":62},[44,141458,66],{"class":58},[44,141460,141461],{"class":62}," 13",[44,141463,4737],{"class":58},[44,141465,3035],{"class":3034},[44,141467,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,141469,106],{"class":105},[44,141471,93],{"class":58},[44,141473,34075],{"class":89},[44,141475,86],{"class":58},[44,141477,140682],{"class":89},[44,141479,93],{"class":58},[44,141481,279],{"class":278},[44,141483,133492],{"class":282},[44,141485,279],{"class":278},[44,141487,66],{"class":58},[44,141489,5736],{"class":62},[44,141491,66],{"class":58},[44,141493,30308],{"class":62},[44,141495,4737],{"class":58},[44,141497,4144],{"class":3034},[20,141499,141500,141501,141503],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141502,52032],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,141505,141507],{"id":141506},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141509,141510],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141512,141513,141514,48720],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141515,40205],{},[35,141517,141519],{"className":37,"code":141518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141520,141521,141535,141549,141563,141567,141591,141595,141616,141637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141522,141523,141526,141528,141530,141533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141524,141525],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,141527,55],{"class":54},[44,141529,290],{"class":278},[44,141531,141532],{"class":282},"img_101.jpg",[44,141534,2727],{"class":278},[44,141536,141537,141540,141542,141544,141547],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141538,141539],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,141541,55],{"class":54},[44,141543,290],{"class":278},[44,141545,141546],{"class":282},"photo_202.jpg",[44,141548,2727],{"class":278},[44,141550,141551,141554,141556,141558,141561],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141552,141553],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,141555,55],{"class":54},[44,141557,290],{"class":278},[44,141559,141560],{"class":282},"doc_303.jpg",[44,141562,2727],{"class":278},[44,141564,141565],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,141566,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,141568,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,141570,126901],{"class":50},[44,141572,55],{"class":54},[44,141574,8615],{"class":58},[44,141576,279],{"class":278},[44,141578,141217],{"class":282},[44,141580,279],{"class":278},[44,141582,66],{"class":58},[44,141584,290],{"class":278},[44,141586,141226],{"class":282},[44,141588,279],{"class":278},[44,141590,99],{"class":58},[44,141592,141593],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,141594,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,141596,141597,141599,141601,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,141598,106],{"class":105},[44,141600,93],{"class":58},[44,141602,141603],{"class":89},"filename1",[44,141605,86],{"class":58},[44,141607,140682],{"class":89},[44,141609,93],{"class":58},[44,141611,126953],{"class":89},[44,141613,4737],{"class":58},[44,141615,3035],{"class":3034},[44,141617,141618,141620,141622,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,141619,106],{"class":105},[44,141621,93],{"class":58},[44,141623,141624],{"class":89},"filename2",[44,141626,86],{"class":58},[44,141628,140682],{"class":89},[44,141630,93],{"class":58},[44,141632,126953],{"class":89},[44,141634,4737],{"class":58},[44,141636,3035],{"class":3034},[44,141638,141639,141641,141643,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,141640,106],{"class":105},[44,141642,93],{"class":58},[44,141644,141645],{"class":89},"filename3",[44,141647,86],{"class":58},[44,141649,140682],{"class":89},[44,141651,93],{"class":58},[44,141653,126953],{"class":89},[44,141655,4737],{"class":58},[44,141657,4144],{"class":3034},[20,141659,141660],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141662,74140,141663,141667],{},[184,141664,125606,141665,718],{"href":129200},[15,141666,125664],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,141669,123253],{"id":123252},[20,141671,141672,123064],{},[15,141673,126974],{},[20,141675,126651,141676,3766,141679,126658],{},[15,141677,141678],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141680,141681],{},"\"python\"",[35,141683,141685],{"className":37,"code":141684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141686,141687,141699,141703,141727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141688,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141690,34054],{"class":50},[44,141692,55],{"class":54},[44,141694,290],{"class":278},[44,141696,6674],{"class":282},[44,141698,2727],{"class":278},[44,141700,141701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141702,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,141704,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141706,106],{"class":105},[44,141708,93],{"class":58},[44,141710,34075],{"class":89},[44,141712,86],{"class":58},[44,141714,140682],{"class":89},[44,141716,93],{"class":58},[44,141718,279],{"class":278},[44,141720,140793],{"class":282},[44,141722,279],{"class":278},[44,141724,4737],{"class":58},[44,141726,3035],{"class":3034},[44,141728,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,141730,106],{"class":105},[44,141732,93],{"class":58},[44,141734,34075],{"class":89},[44,141736,86],{"class":58},[44,141738,140682],{"class":89},[44,141740,93],{"class":58},[44,141742,279],{"class":278},[44,141744,128052],{"class":282},[44,141746,279],{"class":278},[44,141748,4737],{"class":58},[44,141750,4144],{"class":3034},[20,141752,126743,141753,86],{},[184,141754,141755],{"href":123333},[15,141756,123336],{},[35,141758,141760],{"className":37,"code":141759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141761,141762,141774,141778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141763,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141765,34054],{"class":50},[44,141767,55],{"class":54},[44,141769,290],{"class":278},[44,141771,6674],{"class":282},[44,141773,2727],{"class":278},[44,141775,141776],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141777,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,141779,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141781,106],{"class":105},[44,141783,93],{"class":58},[44,141785,34075],{"class":89},[44,141787,86],{"class":58},[44,141789,8018],{"class":89},[44,141791,8015],{"class":58},[44,141793,140682],{"class":89},[44,141795,93],{"class":58},[44,141797,279],{"class":278},[44,141799,128052],{"class":282},[44,141801,279],{"class":278},[44,141803,4737],{"class":58},[44,141805,3035],{"class":3034},[30,141807,4334,141809],{"id":141808},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141810,126974],{},[20,141812,141813,141815],{},[15,141814,126974],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141817,8751],{},[165,141819,141820,141823,141826,141835],{},[168,141821,141822],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[168,141824,141825],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[168,141827,141828,141829,188,141832],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141830,141831],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141833,141834],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[168,141836,141837],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141839,894],{},[35,141841,141843],{"className":37,"code":141842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141844,141845,141858,141862,141891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141846,141847,141849,141851,141853,141856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141848,126469],{"class":50},[44,141850,55],{"class":54},[44,141852,290],{"class":278},[44,141854,141855],{"class":282},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,141857,2727],{"class":278},[44,141859,141860],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141861,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,141863,141864,141866,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887,141889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141865,6374],{"class":3246},[44,141867,141868],{"class":50}," url",[44,141870,86],{"class":58},[44,141872,140682],{"class":89},[44,141874,964],{"class":58},[44,141876,279],{"class":278},[44,141878,141831],{"class":282},[44,141880,279],{"class":278},[44,141882,66],{"class":58},[44,141884,290],{"class":278},[44,141886,141834],{"class":282},[44,141888,279],{"class":278},[44,141890,68932],{"class":58},[44,141892,141893,141895,141897,141899,141902,141904],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,141894,7447],{"class":105},[44,141896,93],{"class":58},[44,141898,279],{"class":278},[44,141900,141901],{"class":282},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,141903,279],{"class":278},[44,141905,99],{"class":58},[30,141907,1113],{"id":1112},[20,141909,22462,141910,86],{},[15,141911,126974],{},[693,141913,138046],{"id":141914},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,141916,141917,123064],{},[15,141918,126974],{},[35,141920,141922],{"className":37,"code":141921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,141923,141924,141936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141925,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141927,34054],{"class":50},[44,141929,55],{"class":54},[44,141931,290],{"class":278},[44,141933,6674],{"class":282},[44,141935,2727],{"class":278},[44,141937,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,141939,106],{"class":105},[44,141941,93],{"class":58},[44,141943,34075],{"class":89},[44,141945,86],{"class":58},[44,141947,140682],{"class":89},[44,141949,93],{"class":58},[44,141951,279],{"class":278},[44,141953,39],{"class":282},[44,141955,279],{"class":278},[44,141957,4737],{"class":58},[44,141959,4144],{"class":3034},[20,141961,38630],{},[35,141963,141965],{"className":37,"code":141964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,141966,141967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141968,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141970,106],{"class":105},[44,141972,93],{"class":58},[44,141974,34075],{"class":89},[44,141976,86],{"class":58},[44,141978,8018],{"class":89},[44,141980,8015],{"class":58},[44,141982,140682],{"class":89},[44,141984,93],{"class":58},[44,141986,279],{"class":278},[44,141988,39],{"class":282},[44,141990,279],{"class":278},[44,141992,4737],{"class":58},[44,141994,3035],{"class":3034},[693,141996,29018,141998,136528],{"id":141997},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,141999,126974],{},[20,142001,142002],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,142004,142006],{"className":37,"code":142005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142007,142008,142016,142020,142025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142009,142010,142012,142014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142011,1819],{"class":50},[44,142013,55],{"class":54},[44,142015,124288],{"class":62},[44,142017,142018],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142019,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,142021,142022],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142023,142024],{"class":3034},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,142026,142027],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,142028,142029],{"class":3034},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142031,38630],{},[35,142033,142035],{"className":37,"code":142034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142036,142037,142051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142038,142039,142041,142043,142045,142047,142049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142040,1819],{"class":50},[44,142042,55],{"class":54},[44,142044,48276],{"class":909},[44,142046,93],{"class":58},[44,142048,49618],{"class":62},[44,142050,99],{"class":58},[44,142052,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142054,106],{"class":105},[44,142056,93],{"class":58},[44,142058,1188],{"class":89},[44,142060,86],{"class":58},[44,142062,140682],{"class":89},[44,142064,93],{"class":58},[44,142066,279],{"class":278},[44,142068,63],{"class":282},[44,142070,279],{"class":278},[44,142072,4737],{"class":58},[44,142074,3035],{"class":3034},[693,142076,1138,142078,8082,142080],{"id":142077},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142079,126974],{},[15,142081,3253],{},[20,142083,142084,142086],{},[15,142085,126974],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142088,142089,142090,142092,142093,86],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142091,3253],{}," or methods like ",[184,142094,142095],{"href":123616},[15,142096,123601],{},[35,142098,142100],{"className":37,"code":142099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142101,142102,142114,142118,142142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142103,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142105,34054],{"class":50},[44,142107,55],{"class":54},[44,142109,290],{"class":278},[44,142111,59776],{"class":282},[44,142113,2727],{"class":278},[44,142115,142116],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142117,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,142119,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142121,106],{"class":105},[44,142123,93],{"class":58},[44,142125,34075],{"class":89},[44,142127,86],{"class":58},[44,142129,140682],{"class":89},[44,142131,93],{"class":58},[44,142133,279],{"class":278},[44,142135,59960],{"class":282},[44,142137,279],{"class":278},[44,142139,4737],{"class":58},[44,142141,4144],{"class":3034},[44,142143,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,142145,106],{"class":105},[44,142147,93],{"class":58},[44,142149,279],{"class":278},[44,142151,59960],{"class":282},[44,142153,279],{"class":278},[44,142155,20540],{"class":3246},[44,142157,42211],{"class":89},[44,142159,3031],{"class":58},[44,142161,142162],{"class":3034},"           # True\n",[20,142164,135080,142165,86],{},[184,142166,126642],{"href":122861},[693,142168,4077,142170,3766,142172,142174],{"id":142169},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142171,35441],{},[15,142173,52032],{}," use index positions",[20,142176,142177,142178,86],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142179,1491],{},[35,142181,142183],{"className":37,"code":142182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142184,142185,142198,142202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142186,142187,142189,142191,142193,142196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142188,34054],{"class":50},[44,142190,55],{"class":54},[44,142192,290],{"class":278},[44,142194,142195],{"class":282},"abcdef",[44,142197,2727],{"class":278},[44,142199,142200],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142201,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,142203,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218,142221,142223,142225,142227,142229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142205,106],{"class":105},[44,142207,93],{"class":58},[44,142209,34075],{"class":89},[44,142211,86],{"class":58},[44,142213,140682],{"class":89},[44,142215,93],{"class":58},[44,142217,279],{"class":278},[44,142219,142220],{"class":282},"cd",[44,142222,279],{"class":278},[44,142224,66],{"class":58},[44,142226,69],{"class":62},[44,142228,4737],{"class":58},[44,142230,3035],{"class":3034},[693,142232,142234],{"id":142233},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142236,142237],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142239,16012],{},[35,142241,142243],{"className":37,"code":142242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142244,142245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142246,142247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142248,142242],{"class":3034},[20,142250,16024],{},[35,142252,142254],{"className":37,"code":142253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142255,142256,142268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142257,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142259,34054],{"class":50},[44,142261,55],{"class":54},[44,142263,290],{"class":278},[44,142265,6674],{"class":282},[44,142267,2727],{"class":278},[44,142269,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142295,142297,142299],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142271,106],{"class":105},[44,142273,93],{"class":58},[44,142275,34075],{"class":89},[44,142277,86],{"class":58},[44,142279,140682],{"class":89},[44,142281,964],{"class":58},[44,142283,279],{"class":278},[44,142285,140793],{"class":282},[44,142287,279],{"class":278},[44,142289,66],{"class":58},[44,142291,290],{"class":278},[44,142293,142294],{"class":282},"Ja",[44,142296,279],{"class":278},[44,142298,50464],{"class":58},[44,142300,3035],{"class":3034},[20,142302,31448],{},[35,142304,142306],{"className":37,"code":142305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142307,142308,142318,142332,142354,142380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142309,142310,142312,142314,142316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142311,106],{"class":105},[44,142313,93],{"class":58},[44,142315,34075],{"class":89},[44,142317,99],{"class":58},[44,142319,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142321,106],{"class":105},[44,142323,93],{"class":58},[44,142325,1090],{"class":909},[44,142327,93],{"class":58},[44,142329,34075],{"class":89},[44,142331,973],{"class":58},[44,142333,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346,142348,142350,142352],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142335,106],{"class":105},[44,142337,93],{"class":58},[44,142339,34075],{"class":89},[44,142341,86],{"class":58},[44,142343,140682],{"class":89},[44,142345,93],{"class":58},[44,142347,279],{"class":278},[44,142349,140793],{"class":282},[44,142351,279],{"class":278},[44,142353,973],{"class":58},[44,142355,142356,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,142357,106],{"class":105},[44,142359,93],{"class":58},[44,142361,34075],{"class":89},[44,142363,86],{"class":58},[44,142365,8018],{"class":89},[44,142367,8015],{"class":58},[44,142369,140682],{"class":89},[44,142371,93],{"class":58},[44,142373,279],{"class":278},[44,142375,128052],{"class":282},[44,142377,279],{"class":278},[44,142379,973],{"class":58},[44,142381,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,142383,106],{"class":105},[44,142385,93],{"class":58},[44,142387,34075],{"class":89},[44,142389,86],{"class":58},[44,142391,140682],{"class":89},[44,142393,964],{"class":58},[44,142395,279],{"class":278},[44,142397,140793],{"class":282},[44,142399,279],{"class":278},[44,142401,66],{"class":58},[44,142403,290],{"class":278},[44,142405,142294],{"class":282},[44,142407,279],{"class":278},[44,142409,2282],{"class":58},[30,142411,1235],{"id":1234},[693,142413,1239,142415,127452],{"id":142414},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142416,126974],{},[20,142418,142419,142420,188,142422,86],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142421,987],{},[15,142423,3045],{},[693,142425,4544,142427,142429],{"id":142426},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142428,126974],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142431,142432],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,142434,142436],{"className":37,"code":142435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142437,142438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142439,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142441,34075],{"class":50},[44,142443,86],{"class":58},[44,142445,140682],{"class":89},[44,142447,964],{"class":58},[44,142449,279],{"class":278},[44,142451,184],{"class":282},[44,142453,279],{"class":278},[44,142455,66],{"class":58},[44,142457,290],{"class":278},[44,142459,563],{"class":282},[44,142461,279],{"class":278},[44,142463,973],{"class":58},[693,142465,14274,142467,123942],{"id":142466},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142468,126974],{},[20,142470,129135],{},[693,142472,4554,142474,3766,142476,1863],{"id":142473},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142475,126974],{},[15,142477,3253],{},[20,142479,142480,142482,142483,142485],{},[15,142481,126974],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142484,3253],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[693,142487,27696,142489,3766,142491,8082,142493,1863],{"id":142488},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142490,35441],{},[15,142492,52032],{},[15,142494,126974],{},[20,142496,142497],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,142499,1279],{"id":1278},[165,142501,142502,142508,142514,142520,142524],{},[168,142503,142504],{},[184,142505,125606,142506,718],{"href":129200},[15,142507,125664],{},[168,142509,142510],{},[184,142511,125606,142512,718],{"href":123616},[15,142513,123601],{},[168,142515,142516],{},[184,142517,125606,142518,718],{"href":123333},[15,142519,123336],{},[168,142521,142522],{},[184,142523,124005],{"href":122861},[168,142525,142526],{},[184,142527,124361],{"href":50348},[1304,142529,142530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":142532},[142533,142535,142536,142542,142543,142545,142546,142547,142549,142559,142571],{"id":140728,"depth":80,"text":142534},"What startswith() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":141007,"depth":80,"text":141008,"children":142537},[142538,142539,142540,142541],{"id":140845,"depth":102,"text":140845},{"id":35441,"depth":102,"text":35441},{"id":52032,"depth":102,"text":52032},{"id":141174,"depth":102,"text":141175},{"id":721,"depth":80,"text":722},{"id":141352,"depth":80,"text":142544},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141506,"depth":80,"text":141507},{"id":123252,"depth":80,"text":123253},{"id":141808,"depth":80,"text":142548},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":142550},[142551,142552,142554,142556,142558],{"id":141914,"depth":102,"text":138046},{"id":141997,"depth":102,"text":142553},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142077,"depth":102,"text":142555},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142169,"depth":102,"text":142557},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142233,"depth":102,"text":142234},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":142560},[142561,142563,142565,142567,142569],{"id":142414,"depth":102,"text":142562},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142426,"depth":102,"text":142564},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142466,"depth":102,"text":142566},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142473,"depth":102,"text":142568},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142488,"depth":102,"text":142570},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140628,"description":142572},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142579,"title":142580,"body":142581,"description":144035,"extension":1334,"meta":144036,"navigation":322,"path":144037,"seo":144038,"stem":144039,"__hash__":144040},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142582,"toc":144005},[142583,142588,142593,142596,142598,142642,142644,142652,142657,142662,142667,142669,142687,142689,142735,142737,142751,142760,142764,142766,142768,142780,142785,142788,142820,142822,142831,142836,142839,142880,142882,142890,142892,142905,142911,142915,142918,142934,142936,142985,142987,142996,142999,143058,143060,143069,143076,143079,143132,143134,143158,143165,143171,143175,143181,143184,143195,143197,143237,143239,143247,143249,143289,143291,143300,143302,143320,143323,143330,143341,143344,143361,143363,143440,143442,143473,143476,143478,143481,143507,143509,143549,143551,143560,143570,143578,143586,143591,143596,143598,143612,143614,143665,143667,143676,143686,143688,143690,143712,143715,143794,143796,143832,143835,143910,143915,143917,143923,143928,143933,143936,143942,143945,143952,143960,143964,143972,143974,144002],[10,142584,122606,142586,18],{"id":142585},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142587,41022],{},[20,142589,31682,142590,142592],{},[15,142591,41022],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142594,142595],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,142597,2978],{"id":2977},[35,142599,142601],{"className":37,"code":142600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142602,142603,142616,142631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142604,142605,142607,142609,142611,142614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142606,34054],{"class":50},[44,142608,55],{"class":54},[44,142610,290],{"class":278},[44,142612,142613],{"class":282},"  hello  ",[44,142615,2727],{"class":278},[44,142617,142618,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142619,142620],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,142622,55],{"class":54},[44,142624,42211],{"class":50},[44,142626,86],{"class":58},[44,142628,8012],{"class":89},[44,142630,913],{"class":58},[44,142632,142633,142635,142637,142640],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142634,106],{"class":105},[44,142636,93],{"class":58},[44,142638,142639],{"class":89},"clean_text",[44,142641,99],{"class":58},[20,142643,118],{},[35,142645,142646],{"className":37,"code":137921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,142647,142648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142649,142650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142651,137921],{"class":50},[20,142653,148,142654,142656],{},[15,142655,41022],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,142658,155,142660,158],{"id":142659},"what-strip-does",[15,142661,41022],{},[20,142663,142664,142666],{},[15,142665,41022],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142668,12425],{},[165,142670,142671,142675,142678,142681,142684],{},[168,142672,142673,130956],{},[15,142674,41022],{},[168,142676,142677],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[168,142679,142680],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[168,142682,142683],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[168,142685,142686],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142688,894],{},[35,142690,142692],{"className":37,"code":142691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142693,142694,142707,142711,142725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142695,142696,142698,142700,142702,142705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142697,34054],{"class":50},[44,142699,55],{"class":54},[44,142701,290],{"class":278},[44,142703,142704],{"class":282},"  hello world  ",[44,142706,2727],{"class":278},[44,142708,142709],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142710,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,142712,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142714,106],{"class":105},[44,142716,93],{"class":58},[44,142718,34075],{"class":89},[44,142720,86],{"class":58},[44,142722,8012],{"class":89},[44,142724,6571],{"class":58},[44,142726,142727,142729,142731,142733],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,142728,106],{"class":105},[44,142730,93],{"class":58},[44,142732,34075],{"class":89},[44,142734,99],{"class":58},[20,142736,118],{},[35,142738,142740],{"className":37,"code":142739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142741,142742,142746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142743,142744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142745,133622],{"class":50},[44,142747,142748],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142749,142750],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,142752,142753,142754,142756,142757,142759],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142755,41022],{},", but the original ",[15,142758,34075],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142761,124358,142762,86],{},[184,142763,124361],{"href":50348},[30,142765,196],{"id":195},[20,142767,25854],{},[165,142769,142770,142775],{},[168,142771,142772],{},[15,142773,142774],{},"string.strip()",[168,142776,142777],{},[15,142778,142779],{},"string.strip(chars)",[693,142781,142783],{"id":142782},"stringstrip",[15,142784,142774],{},[20,142786,142787],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,142789,142791],{"className":37,"code":142790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142792,142793,142806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142794,142795,142797,142799,142801,142804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142796,7254],{"class":50},[44,142798,55],{"class":54},[44,142800,290],{"class":278},[44,142802,142803],{"class":282},"  Alice  ",[44,142805,2727],{"class":278},[44,142807,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142809,106],{"class":105},[44,142811,93],{"class":58},[44,142813,7046],{"class":89},[44,142815,86],{"class":58},[44,142817,8012],{"class":89},[44,142819,6571],{"class":58},[20,142821,118],{},[35,142823,142825],{"className":37,"code":142824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,142826,142827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142828,142829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142830,142824],{"class":50},[693,142832,142834],{"id":142833},"stringstripchars",[15,142835,142779],{},[20,142837,142838],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,142840,142842],{"className":37,"code":142841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142843,142844,142857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142845,142846,142848,142850,142852,142855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142847,34054],{"class":50},[44,142849,55],{"class":54},[44,142851,290],{"class":278},[44,142853,142854],{"class":282},"!!hello??",[44,142856,2727],{"class":278},[44,142858,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142876,142878],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142860,106],{"class":105},[44,142862,93],{"class":58},[44,142864,34075],{"class":89},[44,142866,86],{"class":58},[44,142868,8012],{"class":89},[44,142870,93],{"class":58},[44,142872,279],{"class":278},[44,142874,142875],{"class":282},"!?",[44,142877,279],{"class":278},[44,142879,973],{"class":58},[20,142881,118],{},[35,142883,142884],{"className":37,"code":137921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,142885,142886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142887,142888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142889,137921],{"class":50},[20,142891,83188],{},[165,142893,142894,142899],{},[168,142895,142896,142898],{},[15,142897,133865],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[168,142900,142901,142902,142904],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,142903,133865],{}," does not matter",[30,142906,142908,142909],{"id":142907},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,142910,41022],{},[20,142912,30250,142913,86],{},[15,142914,41022],{},[20,142916,142917],{},"It is useful for:",[165,142919,142920,142925,142928,142931],{},[168,142921,142922,142923,3256],{},"Cleaning ",[15,142924,2328],{},[168,142926,142927],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[168,142929,142930],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[168,142932,142933],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,142935,47733],{},[35,142937,142939],{"className":37,"code":142938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,142940,142941,142954,142970,142974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142942,142943,142945,142947,142949,142952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142944,7339],{"class":50},[44,142946,55],{"class":54},[44,142948,290],{"class":278},[44,142950,142951],{"class":282},"  sam  ",[44,142953,2727],{"class":278},[44,142955,142956,142959,142961,142964,142966,142968],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,142957,142958],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,142960,55],{"class":54},[44,142962,142963],{"class":50}," username",[44,142965,86],{"class":58},[44,142967,8012],{"class":89},[44,142969,913],{"class":58},[44,142971,142972],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142973,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,142975,142976,142978,142980,142983],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,142977,106],{"class":105},[44,142979,93],{"class":58},[44,142981,142982],{"class":89},"clean_username",[44,142984,99],{"class":58},[20,142986,118],{},[35,142988,142990],{"className":37,"code":142989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,142991,142992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142993,142994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142995,142989],{"class":50},[20,142997,142998],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,143000,143002],{"className":37,"code":143001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143003,143004,143017,143021,143043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143005,143006,143008,143010,143012,143015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143007,135849],{"class":50},[44,143009,55],{"class":54},[44,143011,290],{"class":278},[44,143013,143014],{"class":282}," yes  ",[44,143016,2727],{"class":278},[44,143018,143019],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143020,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,143022,143023,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037,143039,143041],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143024,6374],{"class":3246},[44,143026,135869],{"class":50},[44,143028,86],{"class":58},[44,143030,8012],{"class":89},[44,143032,6743],{"class":58},[44,143034,5785],{"class":54},[44,143036,290],{"class":278},[44,143038,8035],{"class":282},[44,143040,279],{"class":278},[44,143042,5770],{"class":58},[44,143044,143045,143047,143049,143051,143054,143056],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,143046,7447],{"class":105},[44,143048,93],{"class":58},[44,143050,279],{"class":278},[44,143052,143053],{"class":282},"Matched",[44,143055,279],{"class":278},[44,143057,99],{"class":58},[20,143059,118],{},[35,143061,143063],{"className":37,"code":143062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,143064,143065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143066,143067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143068,143062],{"class":50},[20,143070,143071,143072,86],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[184,143073,143075],{"href":143074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143077,143078],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,143080,143082],{"className":37,"code":143081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143083,143084,143100,143114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143085,143086,143089,143091,143093,143096,143098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143087,143088],{"class":50},"line ",[44,143090,55],{"class":54},[44,143092,290],{"class":278},[44,143094,143095],{"class":282},"Python basics",[44,143097,86520],{"class":33819},[44,143099,2727],{"class":278},[44,143101,143102,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143103,106],{"class":105},[44,143105,93],{"class":58},[44,143107,41148],{"class":105},[44,143109,93],{"class":58},[44,143111,46],{"class":89},[44,143113,973],{"class":58},[44,143115,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143117,106],{"class":105},[44,143119,93],{"class":58},[44,143121,41148],{"class":105},[44,143123,93],{"class":58},[44,143125,46],{"class":89},[44,143127,86],{"class":58},[44,143129,8012],{"class":89},[44,143131,5666],{"class":58},[20,143133,118],{},[35,143135,143137],{"className":37,"code":143136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143138,143139,143150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143140,143141,143143,143145,143148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143142,351],{"class":42698},[44,143144,143095],{"class":42702},[44,143146,86520],{"class":143147},"sfi6f",[44,143149,1100],{"class":42698},[44,143151,143152,143154,143156],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143153,351],{"class":42698},[44,143155,143095],{"class":42702},[44,143157,1100],{"class":42698},[20,143159,1123,143160,143162,143163,86],{},[15,143161,121820],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143164,86520],{},[20,143166,143167,143168,86],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[184,143169,143170],{"href":87173},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,143172,143174],{"id":143173},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143176,143177,143178,86],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143179,143180],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143182,143183],{},"Python will:",[165,143185,143186,143189,143192],{},[168,143187,143188],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[168,143190,143191],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[168,143193,143194],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143196,894],{},[35,143198,143200],{"className":37,"code":143199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143201,143202,143215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143203,143204,143206,143208,143210,143213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143205,34054],{"class":50},[44,143207,55],{"class":54},[44,143209,290],{"class":278},[44,143211,143212],{"class":282},"??hello!!",[44,143214,2727],{"class":278},[44,143216,143217,143219,143221,143223,143225,143227,143229,143231,143233,143235],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143218,106],{"class":105},[44,143220,93],{"class":58},[44,143222,34075],{"class":89},[44,143224,86],{"class":58},[44,143226,8012],{"class":89},[44,143228,93],{"class":58},[44,143230,279],{"class":278},[44,143232,142875],{"class":282},[44,143234,279],{"class":278},[44,143236,973],{"class":58},[20,143238,118],{},[35,143240,143241],{"className":37,"code":137921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143242,143243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143244,143245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143246,137921],{"class":50},[20,143248,51453],{},[35,143250,143252],{"className":37,"code":143251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143253,143254,143267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143255,143256,143258,143260,143262,143265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143257,34054],{"class":50},[44,143259,55],{"class":54},[44,143261,290],{"class":278},[44,143263,143264],{"class":282},"abcHelloCba",[44,143266,2727],{"class":278},[44,143268,143269,143271,143273,143275,143277,143279,143281,143283,143285,143287],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143270,106],{"class":105},[44,143272,93],{"class":58},[44,143274,34075],{"class":89},[44,143276,86],{"class":58},[44,143278,8012],{"class":89},[44,143280,93],{"class":58},[44,143282,279],{"class":278},[44,143284,40929],{"class":282},[44,143286,279],{"class":278},[44,143288,973],{"class":58},[20,143290,118],{},[35,143292,143294],{"className":37,"code":143293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,143295,143296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143297,143298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143299,143293],{"class":50},[20,143301,5612],{},[20,143303,143304,13425,143307,143309,143310,143312,143313,1561,143315,1565,143317,143319],{},[15,143305,143306],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[116,143308,736],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143311,40929],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143314,184],{},[15,143316,563],{},[15,143318,583],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143321,143322],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143324,143325,143326,6007],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[184,143327,143328],{"href":129187},[15,143329,123777],{},[30,143331,143333,525,143335,525,143338],{"id":143332},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143334,41022],{},[15,143336,143337],{},"lstrip()",[15,143339,143340],{},"rstrip()",[20,143342,143343],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[165,143345,143346,143351,143356],{},[168,143347,143348,143350],{},[15,143349,41022],{}," removes from both ends",[168,143352,143353,143355],{},[15,143354,143337],{}," removes from the left side only",[168,143357,143358,143360],{},[15,143359,143340],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143362,894],{},[35,143364,143366],{"className":37,"code":143365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143367,143368,143380,143384,143402,143421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143369,143370,143372,143374,143376,143378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143371,34054],{"class":50},[44,143373,55],{"class":54},[44,143375,290],{"class":278},[44,143377,142613],{"class":282},[44,143379,2727],{"class":278},[44,143381,143382],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143383,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,143385,143386,143388,143390,143392,143394,143396,143398,143400],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143387,106],{"class":105},[44,143389,93],{"class":58},[44,143391,41148],{"class":105},[44,143393,93],{"class":58},[44,143395,34075],{"class":89},[44,143397,86],{"class":58},[44,143399,8012],{"class":89},[44,143401,5666],{"class":58},[44,143403,143404,143406,143408,143410,143412,143414,143416,143419],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,143405,106],{"class":105},[44,143407,93],{"class":58},[44,143409,41148],{"class":105},[44,143411,93],{"class":58},[44,143413,34075],{"class":89},[44,143415,86],{"class":58},[44,143417,143418],{"class":89},"lstrip",[44,143420,5666],{"class":58},[44,143422,143423,143425,143427,143429,143431,143433,143435,143438],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,143424,106],{"class":105},[44,143426,93],{"class":58},[44,143428,41148],{"class":105},[44,143430,93],{"class":58},[44,143432,34075],{"class":89},[44,143434,86],{"class":58},[44,143436,143437],{"class":89},"rstrip",[44,143439,5666],{"class":58},[20,143441,118],{},[35,143443,143445],{"className":37,"code":143444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143446,143447,143455,143464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143448,143449,143451,143453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143450,351],{"class":42698},[44,143452,948],{"class":42702},[44,143454,1100],{"class":42698},[44,143456,143457,143459,143462],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143458,351],{"class":42698},[44,143460,143461],{"class":42702},"hello  ",[44,143463,1100],{"class":42698},[44,143465,143466,143468,143471],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143467,351],{"class":42698},[44,143469,143470],{"class":42702},"  hello",[44,143472,1100],{"class":42698},[20,143474,143475],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,143477,107614],{"id":107613},[20,143479,143480],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[165,143482,143483,143491,143501,143504],{},[168,143484,143485,143487,143488,143490],{},[15,143486,143306],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143489,40898],{}," once",[168,143492,143493,143494,1561,143496,1565,143498,143500],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143495,184],{},[15,143497,563],{},[15,143499,583],{}," from both ends",[168,143502,143503],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[168,143505,143506],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143508,894],{},[35,143510,143512],{"className":37,"code":143511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143513,143514,143527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143515,143516,143518,143520,143522,143525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143517,125689],{"class":50},[44,143519,55],{"class":54},[44,143521,290],{"class":278},[44,143523,143524],{"class":282},"txt_report.txt",[44,143526,2727],{"class":278},[44,143528,143529,143531,143533,143535,143537,143539,143541,143543,143545,143547],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143530,106],{"class":105},[44,143532,93],{"class":58},[44,143534,125707],{"class":89},[44,143536,86],{"class":58},[44,143538,8012],{"class":89},[44,143540,93],{"class":58},[44,143542,279],{"class":278},[44,143544,125742],{"class":282},[44,143546,279],{"class":278},[44,143548,973],{"class":58},[20,143550,118],{},[35,143552,143554],{"className":37,"code":143553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,143555,143556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143557,143558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143559,143553],{"class":50},[20,143561,143562,143563,1561,143565,1565,143567,143569],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143564,86],{},[15,143566,62655],{},[15,143568,1545],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143571,53024,143572,4156,143575,143577],{},[15,143573,143574],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[116,143576,736],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143579,143580,143581,143585],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[184,143582,143583],{"href":129187},[15,143584,123777],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,143587,4334,143589],{"id":143588},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143590,41022],{},[20,143592,148,143593,143595],{},[15,143594,41022],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143597,35793],{},[165,143599,143600,143604,143606,143609],{},[168,143601,142922,143602,3256],{},[15,143603,2328],{},[168,143605,142927],{},[168,143607,143608],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[168,143610,143611],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143613,894],{},[35,143615,143617],{"className":37,"code":143616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143618,143619,143633,143637,143650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143620,143621,143624,143626,143628,143631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143622,143623],{"class":50},"email ",[44,143625,55],{"class":54},[44,143627,290],{"class":278},[44,143629,143630],{"class":282},"  user@example.com  ",[44,143632,2727],{"class":278},[44,143634,143635],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143636,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,143638,143639,143641,143644,143646,143648],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143640,6374],{"class":3246},[44,143642,143643],{"class":50}," email",[44,143645,86],{"class":58},[44,143647,8012],{"class":89},[44,143649,20962],{"class":58},[44,143651,143652,143654,143656,143658,143661,143663],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,143653,7447],{"class":105},[44,143655,93],{"class":58},[44,143657,279],{"class":278},[44,143659,143660],{"class":282},"Email was entered",[44,143662,279],{"class":278},[44,143664,99],{"class":58},[20,143666,118],{},[35,143668,143670],{"className":37,"code":143669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,143671,143672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143673,143674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143675,143669],{"class":50},[20,143677,143678,143679,143681,143682,86],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143680,41022],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[184,143683,143684],{"href":123333},[15,143685,123336],{},[30,143687,1113],{"id":1112},[20,143689,83607],{},[165,143691,143692,143696,143701,143706],{},[168,143693,1129,143694,130826],{},[15,143695,41022],{},[168,143697,1129,143698,143700],{},[15,143699,41022],{}," to remove text from the middle",[168,143702,1123,143703,143705],{},[15,143704,143574],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[168,143707,4077,143708,143711],{},[15,143709,143710],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143713,143714],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,143716,143718],{"className":37,"code":143717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143719,143720,143734,143738,143748,143762,143776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143721,143722,143724,143726,143728,143730,143732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143723,34054],{"class":50},[44,143725,55],{"class":54},[44,143727,290],{"class":278},[44,143729,143470],{"class":282},[44,143731,86520],{"class":33819},[44,143733,2727],{"class":278},[44,143735,143736],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143737,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,143739,143740,143742,143744,143746],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143741,106],{"class":105},[44,143743,93],{"class":58},[44,143745,34075],{"class":89},[44,143747,99],{"class":58},[44,143749,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,143751,106],{"class":105},[44,143753,93],{"class":58},[44,143755,41148],{"class":105},[44,143757,93],{"class":58},[44,143759,34075],{"class":89},[44,143761,973],{"class":58},[44,143763,143764,143766,143768,143770,143772,143774],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,143765,106],{"class":105},[44,143767,93],{"class":58},[44,143769,34075],{"class":89},[44,143771,86],{"class":58},[44,143773,8012],{"class":89},[44,143775,6571],{"class":58},[44,143777,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786,143788,143790,143792],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,143779,106],{"class":105},[44,143781,93],{"class":58},[44,143783,41148],{"class":105},[44,143785,93],{"class":58},[44,143787,34075],{"class":89},[44,143789,86],{"class":58},[44,143791,8012],{"class":89},[44,143793,5666],{"class":58},[20,143795,118],{},[35,143797,143799],{"className":37,"code":143798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143800,143801,143806,143810,143820,143824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143802,143803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143804,143805],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,143807,143808],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143809,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,143811,143812,143814,143816,143818],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143813,351],{"class":42698},[44,143815,143470],{"class":42702},[44,143817,86520],{"class":143147},[44,143819,1100],{"class":42698},[44,143821,143822],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,143823,137921],{"class":50},[44,143825,143826,143828,143830],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,143827,351],{"class":42698},[44,143829,948],{"class":42702},[44,143831,1100],{"class":42698},[20,143833,143834],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,143836,143838],{"className":37,"code":143837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143839,143840,143850,143864,143878,143896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143841,143842,143844,143846,143848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143843,106],{"class":105},[44,143845,93],{"class":58},[44,143847,34075],{"class":89},[44,143849,99],{"class":58},[44,143851,143852,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,143853,106],{"class":105},[44,143855,93],{"class":58},[44,143857,41148],{"class":105},[44,143859,93],{"class":58},[44,143861,34075],{"class":89},[44,143863,973],{"class":58},[44,143865,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874,143876],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143867,106],{"class":105},[44,143869,93],{"class":58},[44,143871,34075],{"class":89},[44,143873,86],{"class":58},[44,143875,8012],{"class":89},[44,143877,6571],{"class":58},[44,143879,143880,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890,143892,143894],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,143881,106],{"class":105},[44,143883,93],{"class":58},[44,143885,41148],{"class":105},[44,143887,93],{"class":58},[44,143889,34075],{"class":89},[44,143891,86],{"class":58},[44,143893,8012],{"class":89},[44,143895,5666],{"class":58},[44,143897,143898,143900,143902,143904,143906,143908],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,143899,1209],{"class":105},[44,143901,93],{"class":58},[44,143903,2812],{"class":909},[44,143905,86],{"class":58},[44,143907,8012],{"class":1219},[44,143909,99],{"class":58},[20,143911,143912,143914],{},[15,143913,121820],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,143916,1235],{"id":1234},[693,143918,1239,143920,143922],{"id":143919},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,143921,41022],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,143924,45736,143925,143927],{},[15,143926,41022],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[693,143929,1239,143931,123933],{"id":143930},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,143932,41022],{},[20,143934,143935],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[693,143937,4516,143939,143941],{"id":143938},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,143940,41022],{}," remove by default?",[20,143943,143944],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[693,143946,33571,143948,33574,143950,1863],{"id":143947},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,143949,41022],{},[15,143951,123777],{},[20,143953,143954,143956,143957,143959],{},[15,143955,41022],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,143958,123777],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[693,143961,143963],{"id":143962},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,143965,127479,143966,143968,143969,143971],{},[15,143967,143337],{}," for the left side and ",[15,143970,143340],{}," for the right side.",[30,143973,1279],{"id":1278},[165,143975,143976,143982,143988,143993,143998],{},[168,143977,143978],{},[184,143979,125606,143980,718],{"href":123333},[15,143981,123336],{},[168,143983,143984],{},[184,143985,125606,143986,718],{"href":129187},[15,143987,123777],{},[168,143989,143990],{},[184,143991,143992],{"href":143074},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[168,143994,143995],{},[184,143996,143997],{"href":87173},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[168,143999,144000],{},[184,144001,124361],{"href":50348},[1304,144003,144004],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":144006},[144007,144008,144010,144014,144016,144017,144019,144020,144022,144023,144034],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":142659,"depth":80,"text":144009},"What strip() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":144011},[144012,144013],{"id":142782,"depth":102,"text":142774},{"id":142833,"depth":102,"text":142779},{"id":142907,"depth":80,"text":144015},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143173,"depth":80,"text":143174},{"id":143332,"depth":80,"text":144018},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107613,"depth":80,"text":107614},{"id":143588,"depth":80,"text":144021},"When to use strip()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":144024},[144025,144027,144029,144031,144033],{"id":143919,"depth":102,"text":144026},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":143930,"depth":102,"text":144028},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":143938,"depth":102,"text":144030},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":143947,"depth":102,"text":144032},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":143962,"depth":102,"text":143963},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142580,"description":144035},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144042,"title":144043,"body":144044,"description":145224,"extension":1334,"meta":145225,"navigation":322,"path":145226,"seo":145227,"stem":145228,"__hash__":145229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144045,"toc":145194},[144046,144051,144056,144061,144063,144109,144117,144122,144136,144142,144144,144146,144161,144163,144173,144176,144207,144210,144233,144235,144238,144295,144297,144311,144313,144327,144333,144338,144341,144382,144384,144393,144401,144404,144449,144451,144460,144463,144467,144472,144486,144488,144520,144522,144542,144545,144550,144555,144557,144568,144571,144628,144630,144638,144647,144649,144651,144657,144659,144696,144698,144706,144708,144749,144751,144760,144765,144770,144772,144799,144806,144809,144840,144842,144851,144857,144866,144897,144899,144911,144924,144928,144933,144963,144965,145032,145034,145044,145046,145051,145054,145059,145064,145068,145074,145080,145083,145085,145143,145145,145153,145155,145191],[10,144047,122606,144049,18],{"id":144048},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144050,127484],{},[20,144052,122611,144053,144055],{},[15,144054,127484],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144057,83984,144058,144060],{},[15,144059,127484],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,144062,33],{"id":32},[35,144064,144066],{"className":37,"code":144065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144067,144068,144080,144094,144104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144069,144070,144072,144074,144076,144078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144071,34054],{"class":50},[44,144073,55],{"class":54},[44,144075,290],{"class":278},[44,144077,128325],{"class":282},[44,144079,2727],{"class":278},[44,144081,144082,144084,144086,144088,144090,144092],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144083,1602],{"class":50},[44,144085,55],{"class":54},[44,144087,42211],{"class":50},[44,144089,86],{"class":58},[44,144091,33844],{"class":89},[44,144093,913],{"class":58},[44,144095,144096,144098,144100,144102],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144097,106],{"class":105},[44,144099,93],{"class":58},[44,144101,1637],{"class":89},[44,144103,99],{"class":58},[44,144105,144106],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,144107,144108],{"class":3034},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144110,144111,144113,144114,144116],{},[15,144112,127484],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[116,144115,736],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,144118,155,144120,158],{"id":144119},"what-upper-does",[15,144121,127484],{},[165,144123,144124,144129,144132,144134],{},[168,144125,144126,144128],{},[15,144127,127484],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[168,144130,144131],{},"It works on string values only",[168,144133,132854],{},[168,144135,135572],{},[20,144137,124358,144138,188,144140,86],{},[184,144139,135578],{"href":135577},[184,144141,124361],{"href":50348},[30,144143,196],{"id":195},[20,144145,1531],{},[35,144147,144149],{"className":37,"code":144148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,144150,144151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144152,144153,144155,144157,144159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144154,60543],{"class":50},[44,144156,86],{"class":58},[44,144158,33844],{"class":89},[44,144160,913],{"class":58},[20,144162,220],{},[165,144164,144165,144167,144170],{},[168,144166,96779],{},[168,144168,144169],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[168,144171,144172],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144174,144175],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,144177,144179],{"className":37,"code":144178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144180,144181,144193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144182,144183,144185,144187,144189,144191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144184,7254],{"class":50},[44,144186,55],{"class":54},[44,144188,290],{"class":278},[44,144190,39],{"class":282},[44,144192,2727],{"class":278},[44,144194,144195,144197,144199,144201,144203,144205],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144196,106],{"class":105},[44,144198,93],{"class":58},[44,144200,7046],{"class":89},[44,144202,86],{"class":58},[44,144204,33844],{"class":89},[44,144206,6571],{"class":58},[20,144208,144209],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,144211,144213],{"className":37,"code":144212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144214,144215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144216,144217,144219,144221,144223,144225,144227,144229,144231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144218,106],{"class":105},[44,144220,93],{"class":58},[44,144222,279],{"class":278},[44,144224,948],{"class":282},[44,144226,279],{"class":278},[44,144228,86],{"class":58},[44,144230,33844],{"class":89},[44,144232,6571],{"class":58},[30,144234,258],{"id":257},[20,144236,144237],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,144239,144241],{"className":37,"code":144240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144242,144243,144255,144270,144274,144284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144244,144245,144247,144249,144251,144253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144246,5531],{"class":50},[44,144248,55],{"class":54},[44,144250,290],{"class":278},[44,144252,3459],{"class":282},[44,144254,2727],{"class":278},[44,144256,144257,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144258,144259],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,144261,55],{"class":54},[44,144263,37749],{"class":50},[44,144265,86],{"class":58},[44,144267,33844],{"class":89},[44,144269,913],{"class":58},[44,144271,144272],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144273,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,144275,144276,144278,144280,144282],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,144277,106],{"class":105},[44,144279,93],{"class":58},[44,144281,37759],{"class":89},[44,144283,99],{"class":58},[44,144285,144286,144288,144290,144293],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,144287,106],{"class":105},[44,144289,93],{"class":58},[44,144291,144292],{"class":89},"uppercase_word",[44,144294,99],{"class":58},[20,144296,118],{},[35,144298,144300],{"className":37,"code":144299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144301,144302,144306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144303,144304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144305,69775],{"class":50},[44,144307,144308],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144309,144310],{"class":33819},"BANANA\n",[20,144312,111720],{},[165,144314,144315,144320],{},[168,144316,144317,144319],{},[15,144318,37759],{}," keeps its original value",[168,144321,144322,144324,144325],{},[15,144323,144292],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144326,127484],{},[30,144328,144330,144332],{"id":144329},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144331,127484],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144334,136238,144335,144337],{},[116,144336,136241],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144339,144340],{},"So this method:",[35,144342,144344],{"className":37,"code":144343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144345,144346,144358,144368,144372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144347,144348,144350,144352,144354,144356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144349,7254],{"class":50},[44,144351,55],{"class":54},[44,144353,290],{"class":278},[44,144355,17169],{"class":282},[44,144357,2727],{"class":278},[44,144359,144360,144362,144364,144366],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144361,7046],{"class":50},[44,144363,86],{"class":58},[44,144365,33844],{"class":89},[44,144367,913],{"class":58},[44,144369,144370],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144371,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,144373,144374,144376,144378,144380],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,144375,106],{"class":105},[44,144377,93],{"class":58},[44,144379,7046],{"class":89},[44,144381,99],{"class":58},[20,144383,118],{},[35,144385,144387],{"className":37,"code":144386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,144388,144389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144390,144391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144392,144386],{"class":50},[20,144394,20344,144395,144397,144398,144400],{},[15,144396,127484],{}," was called, ",[15,144399,7046],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144402,144403],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,144405,144407],{"className":37,"code":144406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144408,144409,144421,144435,144439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144410,144411,144413,144415,144417,144419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144412,7254],{"class":50},[44,144414,55],{"class":54},[44,144416,290],{"class":278},[44,144418,17169],{"class":282},[44,144420,2727],{"class":278},[44,144422,144423,144425,144427,144429,144431,144433],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144424,7254],{"class":50},[44,144426,55],{"class":54},[44,144428,35360],{"class":50},[44,144430,86],{"class":58},[44,144432,33844],{"class":89},[44,144434,913],{"class":58},[44,144436,144437],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144438,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,144440,144441,144443,144445,144447],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,144442,106],{"class":105},[44,144444,93],{"class":58},[44,144446,7046],{"class":89},[44,144448,99],{"class":58},[20,144450,118],{},[35,144452,144454],{"className":37,"code":144453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,144455,144456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144457,144458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144459,144453],{"class":33819},[20,144461,144462],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,144464,144466],{"id":144465},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144468,144469,144471],{},[15,144470,127484],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[165,144473,144474,144477,144480,144483],{},[168,144475,144476],{},"Numbers stay the same",[168,144478,144479],{},"Spaces stay the same",[168,144481,144482],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[168,144484,144485],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144487,894],{},[35,144489,144491],{"className":37,"code":144490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144492,144493,144506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144494,144495,144497,144499,144501,144504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144496,34054],{"class":50},[44,144498,55],{"class":54},[44,144500,290],{"class":278},[44,144502,144503],{"class":282},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,144505,2727],{"class":278},[44,144507,144508,144510,144512,144514,144516,144518],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144509,106],{"class":105},[44,144511,93],{"class":58},[44,144513,34075],{"class":89},[44,144515,86],{"class":58},[44,144517,33844],{"class":89},[44,144519,6571],{"class":58},[20,144521,118],{},[35,144523,144525],{"className":37,"code":144524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144526,144527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144528,144529,144532,144534,144536,144539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144530,144531],{"class":33819},"ROOM",[44,144533,5370],{"class":62},[44,144535,66],{"class":58},[44,144537,144538],{"class":33819}," TABLE",[44,144540,144541],{"class":3034}," #3!\n",[20,144543,144544],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,144546,4334,144548],{"id":144547},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144549,127484],{},[20,144551,144552,144554],{},[15,144553,127484],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144556,47711],{},[165,144558,144559,144562,144565],{},[168,144560,144561],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[168,144563,144564],{},"Format labels or headings",[168,144566,144567],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144569,144570],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,144572,144574],{"className":37,"code":144573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144575,144576,144588,144592,144614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144577,144578,144580,144582,144584,144586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144579,135849],{"class":50},[44,144581,55],{"class":54},[44,144583,290],{"class":278},[44,144585,8035],{"class":282},[44,144587,2727],{"class":278},[44,144589,144590],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144591,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,144593,144594,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606,144608,144610,144612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144595,6374],{"class":3246},[44,144597,135869],{"class":50},[44,144599,86],{"class":58},[44,144601,33844],{"class":89},[44,144603,6743],{"class":58},[44,144605,5785],{"class":54},[44,144607,290],{"class":278},[44,144609,135856],{"class":282},[44,144611,279],{"class":278},[44,144613,5770],{"class":58},[44,144615,144616,144618,144620,144622,144624,144626],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,144617,7447],{"class":105},[44,144619,93],{"class":58},[44,144621,279],{"class":278},[44,144623,143053],{"class":282},[44,144625,279],{"class":278},[44,144627,99],{"class":58},[20,144629,118],{},[35,144631,144632],{"className":37,"code":143062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144633,144634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144635,144636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144637,143062],{"class":50},[20,144639,144640,144641,1561,144643,1565,144645,86],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144642,8035],{},[15,144644,136642],{},[15,144646,135856],{},[30,144648,1113],{"id":1112},[693,144650,95256],{"id":95255},[20,144652,7494,144653,144656],{},[15,144654,144655],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144658,16012],{},[35,144660,144662],{"className":37,"code":144661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144663,144664,144676,144686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144665,144666,144668,144670,144672,144674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144667,34054],{"class":50},[44,144669,55],{"class":54},[44,144671,290],{"class":278},[44,144673,948],{"class":282},[44,144675,2727],{"class":278},[44,144677,144678,144680,144682,144684],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144679,34075],{"class":50},[44,144681,86],{"class":58},[44,144683,33844],{"class":89},[44,144685,913],{"class":58},[44,144687,144688,144690,144692,144694],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144689,106],{"class":105},[44,144691,93],{"class":58},[44,144693,34075],{"class":89},[44,144695,99],{"class":58},[20,144697,118],{},[35,144699,144700],{"className":37,"code":137921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144701,144702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144703,144704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144705,137921],{"class":50},[20,144707,16024],{},[35,144709,144711],{"className":37,"code":144710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144712,144713,144725,144739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144714,144715,144717,144719,144721,144723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144716,34054],{"class":50},[44,144718,55],{"class":54},[44,144720,290],{"class":278},[44,144722,948],{"class":282},[44,144724,2727],{"class":278},[44,144726,144727,144729,144731,144733,144735,144737],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144728,34054],{"class":50},[44,144730,55],{"class":54},[44,144732,42211],{"class":50},[44,144734,86],{"class":58},[44,144736,33844],{"class":89},[44,144738,913],{"class":58},[44,144740,144741,144743,144745,144747],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144742,106],{"class":105},[44,144744,93],{"class":58},[44,144746,34075],{"class":89},[44,144748,99],{"class":58},[20,144750,118],{},[35,144752,144754],{"className":37,"code":144753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,144755,144756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144757,144758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144759,144753],{"class":33819},[693,144761,18273,144763,136528],{"id":144762},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144764,127484],{},[20,144766,144767,144769],{},[15,144768,127484],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144771,894],{},[35,144773,144775],{"className":37,"code":144774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144776,144777,144785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144778,144779,144781,144783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144780,1589],{"class":50},[44,144782,55],{"class":54},[44,144784,124288],{"class":62},[44,144786,144787,144789,144791,144793,144795,144797],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144788,106],{"class":105},[44,144790,93],{"class":58},[44,144792,1612],{"class":89},[44,144794,86],{"class":58},[44,144796,33844],{"class":89},[44,144798,6571],{"class":58},[20,144800,39022,144801,144803,144804,32966],{},[15,144802,1560],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144805,127484],{},[20,144807,144808],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,144810,144812],{"className":37,"code":144811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144813,144814,144822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144815,144816,144818,144820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144817,1589],{"class":50},[44,144819,55],{"class":54},[44,144821,124288],{"class":62},[44,144823,144824,144826,144828,144830,144832,144834,144836,144838],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144825,106],{"class":105},[44,144827,93],{"class":58},[44,144829,2812],{"class":909},[44,144831,93],{"class":58},[44,144833,1612],{"class":89},[44,144835,8009],{"class":58},[44,144837,33844],{"class":89},[44,144839,6571],{"class":58},[20,144841,118],{},[35,144843,144845],{"className":37,"code":144844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,144846,144847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144848,144849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144850,144844],{"class":62},[693,144852,1138,144854,144856],{"id":144853},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,144855,127484],{}," with title case",[20,144858,144859,144861,144862,144865],{},[15,144860,127484],{}," makes ",[116,144863,144864],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,144867,144869],{"className":37,"code":144868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144870,144871,144883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144872,144873,144875,144877,144879,144881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144874,34054],{"class":50},[44,144876,55],{"class":54},[44,144878,290],{"class":278},[44,144880,59776],{"class":282},[44,144882,2727],{"class":278},[44,144884,144885,144887,144889,144891,144893,144895],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144886,106],{"class":105},[44,144888,93],{"class":58},[44,144890,34075],{"class":89},[44,144892,86],{"class":58},[44,144894,33844],{"class":89},[44,144896,6571],{"class":58},[20,144898,118],{},[35,144900,144902],{"className":37,"code":144901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144903,144904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144905,144906,144908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144907,135630],{"class":33819},[44,144909,144910],{"class":33819}," WORLD\n",[20,144912,144913,144914,144918,144919,144923],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[184,144915,144916],{"href":123333},[15,144917,123336],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[184,144920,144921],{"href":129187},[15,144922,123777],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,144925,144927],{"id":144926},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,144929,144930,144931,1084],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,144932,127484],{},[165,144934,144935,144942,144949,144956],{},[168,144936,144937,144941],{},[184,144938,144939],{"href":123333},[15,144940,123336],{}," for lowercase text",[168,144943,144944,144948],{},[184,144945,144946],{"href":136176},[15,144947,41022],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[168,144950,144951,144955],{},[184,144952,144953],{"href":129187},[15,144954,123777],{}," for changing parts of a string",[168,144957,144958,3766,144960,144962],{},[15,144959,126974],{},[15,144961,125664],{}," for checks",[20,144964,894],{},[35,144966,144968],{"className":37,"code":144967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,144969,144970,144982,144986,145001,145017,145021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144971,144972,144974,144976,144978,144980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144973,34054],{"class":50},[44,144975,55],{"class":54},[44,144977,290],{"class":278},[44,144979,142704],{"class":282},[44,144981,2727],{"class":278},[44,144983,144984],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,144985,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,144987,144988,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144989,144990],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,144992,55],{"class":54},[44,144994,42211],{"class":50},[44,144996,86],{"class":58},[44,144998,8012],{"class":89},[44,145000,913],{"class":58},[44,145002,145003,145006,145008,145011,145013,145015],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,145004,145005],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145007,55],{"class":54},[44,145009,145010],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,145012,86],{"class":58},[44,145014,33844],{"class":89},[44,145016,913],{"class":58},[44,145018,145019],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,145020,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,145022,145023,145025,145027,145030],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,145024,106],{"class":105},[44,145026,93],{"class":58},[44,145028,145029],{"class":89},"loud",[44,145031,99],{"class":58},[20,145033,118],{},[35,145035,145036],{"className":37,"code":144901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145037,145038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145039,145040,145042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145041,135630],{"class":33819},[44,145043,144910],{"class":33819},[30,145045,1235],{"id":1234},[693,145047,1239,145049,123933],{"id":145048},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145050,127484],{},[20,145052,145053],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[693,145055,1239,145057,136910],{"id":145056},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145058,127484],{},[20,145060,145061,145062,86],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145063,144655],{},[693,145065,145067],{"id":145066},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145069,145070,145071,145073],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145072,127484],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[693,145075,27696,145077,145079],{"id":145076},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145078,127484],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145081,145082],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145084,894],{},[35,145086,145088],{"className":37,"code":145087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145089,145090,145102,145115,145119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145091,145092,145094,145096,145098,145100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145093,1925],{"class":50},[44,145095,55],{"class":54},[44,145097,290],{"class":278},[44,145099,39],{"class":282},[44,145101,2727],{"class":278},[44,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110,145113],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145105,1953],{"class":50},[44,145107,55],{"class":54},[44,145109,290],{"class":278},[44,145111,145112],{"class":282},"PYTHON",[44,145114,2727],{"class":278},[44,145116,145117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145118,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,145120,145121,145123,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133,145135,145137,145139,145141],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,145122,106],{"class":105},[44,145124,93],{"class":58},[44,145126,184],{"class":89},[44,145128,86],{"class":58},[44,145130,33844],{"class":89},[44,145132,6743],{"class":58},[44,145134,5785],{"class":54},[44,145136,1930],{"class":89},[44,145138,86],{"class":58},[44,145140,33844],{"class":89},[44,145142,6571],{"class":58},[20,145144,118],{},[35,145146,145147],{"className":37,"code":3350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145148,145149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145150,145151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145152,3350],{"class":871},[30,145154,1279],{"id":1278},[165,145156,145157,145161,145167,145173,145179,145183,145187],{},[168,145158,145159],{},[184,145160,124361],{"href":50348},[168,145162,145163],{},[184,145164,125606,145165,718],{"href":123333},[15,145166,123336],{},[168,145168,145169],{},[184,145170,125606,145171,718],{"href":136176},[15,145172,41022],{},[168,145174,145175],{},[184,145176,125606,145177,718],{"href":129187},[15,145178,123777],{},[168,145180,145181],{},[184,145182,90050],{"href":89059},[168,145184,145185],{},[184,145186,124005],{"href":122861},[168,145188,145189],{},[184,145190,136996],{"href":135577},[1304,145192,145193],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":145195},[145196,145197,145199,145200,145201,145203,145204,145206,145213,145214,145223],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":144119,"depth":80,"text":145198},"What upper() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":144329,"depth":80,"text":145202},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144465,"depth":80,"text":144466},{"id":144547,"depth":80,"text":145205},"When to use upper()",{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":145207},[145208,145209,145211],{"id":95255,"depth":102,"text":95256},{"id":144762,"depth":102,"text":145210},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144853,"depth":102,"text":145212},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":144926,"depth":80,"text":144927},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":145215},[145216,145218,145220,145221],{"id":145048,"depth":102,"text":145217},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145056,"depth":102,"text":145219},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145066,"depth":102,"text":145067},{"id":145076,"depth":102,"text":145222},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144043,"description":145224},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145231,"title":145232,"body":145233,"description":147110,"extension":1334,"meta":147111,"navigation":322,"path":147112,"seo":147113,"stem":147114,"__hash__":147115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145234,"toc":147060},[145235,145241,145248,145254,145256,145312,145317,145322,145327,145330,145349,145352,145354,145378,145396,145407,145409,145412,145465,145467,145475,145477,145495,145500,145503,145560,145562,145571,145574,145594,145597,145603,145608,145610,145653,145655,145663,145666,145707,145709,145718,145724,145730,145757,145759,145767,145772,145776,145788,145831,145833,145841,145846,145852,145857,145861,145863,145906,145909,145956,145958,145967,145974,145978,145981,146027,146032,146036,146038,146081,146084,146092,146094,146099,146101,146103,146122,146125,146137,146139,146158,146160,146168,146172,146174,146225,146228,146303,146305,146313,146316,146320,146322,146369,146372,146443,146445,146453,146459,146461,146536,146540,146619,146621,146629,146635,146641,146646,146651,146700,146704,146775,146778,146783,146794,146797,146808,146818,146820,146825,146850,146855,146936,146938,146963,146965,146970,146973,146979,146988,146994,146997,147003,147009,147016,147019,147021,147057],[10,145236,2945,145238,2949],{"id":145237},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145239,145240],{},"sum()",[20,145242,8501,145243,145245,145246,24130],{},[15,145244,145240],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145247,59368],{},[20,145249,145250,145251,145253],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145252,35441],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,145255,33],{"id":32},[35,145257,145259],{"className":37,"code":145258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145260,145261,145285,145300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145262,145263,145265,145267,145269,145271,145273,145275,145277,145279,145281,145283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145264,51],{"class":50},[44,145266,55],{"class":54},[44,145268,2992],{"class":58},[44,145270,63],{"class":62},[44,145272,66],{"class":58},[44,145274,69],{"class":62},[44,145276,66],{"class":58},[44,145278,74],{"class":62},[44,145280,66],{"class":58},[44,145282,143],{"class":62},[44,145284,3005],{"class":58},[44,145286,145287,145289,145291,145294,145296,145298],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145288,40551],{"class":50},[44,145290,55],{"class":54},[44,145292,145293],{"class":105}," sum",[44,145295,93],{"class":58},[44,145297,83],{"class":89},[44,145299,99],{"class":58},[44,145301,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145303,106],{"class":105},[44,145305,93],{"class":58},[44,145307,40580],{"class":89},[44,145309,3031],{"class":58},[44,145311,26162],{"class":3034},[20,145313,148,145314,145316],{},[15,145315,145240],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,145318,155,145320,158],{"id":145319},"what-sum-does",[15,145321,145240],{},[20,145323,145324,145326],{},[15,145325,145240],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145328,145329],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[165,145331,145332,145335,145338,145343],{},[168,145333,145334],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[168,145336,145337],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[168,145339,145340,145341],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145342,35565],{},[168,145344,145345,145346,145348],{},"Counting ",[15,145347,987],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145350,145351],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,145353,196],{"id":195},[35,145355,145357],{"className":37,"code":145356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145358,145359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145360,145361,145364,145366,145368,145370,145372,145374,145376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145362,145363],{"class":105},"sum",[44,145365,93],{"class":58},[44,145367,3091],{"class":89},[44,145369,66],{"class":58},[44,145371,35420],{"class":8554},[44,145373,55],{"class":54},[44,145375,1491],{"class":62},[44,145377,99],{"class":58},[165,145379,145380,145385,145390],{},[168,145381,145382,145384],{},[15,145383,3091],{}," is the group of values to add",[168,145386,145387,145389],{},[15,145388,35441],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[168,145391,145392,145393],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145394,145395],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145397,145398,145399,145402,145403,86],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145400,145401,3091],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[184,145404,145405,23984],{"href":35562},[15,145406,35565],{},[30,145408,258],{"id":257},[20,145410,145411],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,145413,145415],{"className":37,"code":145414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145416,145417,145437,145451,145455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145418,145419,145421,145423,145425,145427,145429,145431,145433,145435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145420,51],{"class":50},[44,145422,55],{"class":54},[44,145424,2992],{"class":58},[44,145426,1508],{"class":62},[44,145428,66],{"class":58},[44,145430,5381],{"class":62},[44,145432,66],{"class":58},[44,145434,37304],{"class":62},[44,145436,3005],{"class":58},[44,145438,145439,145441,145443,145445,145447,145449],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145440,40551],{"class":50},[44,145442,55],{"class":54},[44,145444,145293],{"class":105},[44,145446,93],{"class":58},[44,145448,83],{"class":89},[44,145450,99],{"class":58},[44,145452,145453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145454,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,145456,145457,145459,145461,145463],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,145458,106],{"class":105},[44,145460,93],{"class":58},[44,145462,40580],{"class":89},[44,145464,99],{"class":58},[20,145466,118],{},[35,145468,145469],{"className":37,"code":69209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145470,145471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145472,145473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145474,69209],{"class":62},[20,145476,11056],{},[165,145478,145479,145484,145490],{},[168,145480,145481,145483],{},[15,145482,83],{}," contains three integers",[168,145485,145486,145489],{},[15,145487,145488],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[168,145491,145492,145493],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145494,40580],{},[30,145496,35980,145498,7811],{"id":145497},"using-the-start-value",[15,145499,35441],{},[20,145501,145502],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,145504,145506],{"className":37,"code":145505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145507,145508,145528,145546,145550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145509,145510,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520,145522,145524,145526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145511,51],{"class":50},[44,145513,55],{"class":54},[44,145515,2992],{"class":58},[44,145517,63],{"class":62},[44,145519,66],{"class":58},[44,145521,69],{"class":62},[44,145523,66],{"class":58},[44,145525,74],{"class":62},[44,145527,3005],{"class":58},[44,145529,145530,145532,145534,145536,145538,145540,145542,145544],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145531,40551],{"class":50},[44,145533,55],{"class":54},[44,145535,145293],{"class":105},[44,145537,93],{"class":58},[44,145539,83],{"class":89},[44,145541,66],{"class":58},[44,145543,5381],{"class":62},[44,145545,99],{"class":58},[44,145547,145548],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145549,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,145551,145552,145554,145556,145558],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,145553,106],{"class":105},[44,145555,93],{"class":58},[44,145557,40580],{"class":89},[44,145559,99],{"class":58},[20,145561,118],{},[35,145563,145565],{"className":37,"code":145564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,145566,145567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145568,145569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145570,145564],{"class":62},[20,145572,145573],{},"This works like:",[165,145575,145576,145581,145586,145590],{},[168,145577,145578,145579],{},"Start at ",[15,145580,931],{},[168,145582,145583,145584],{},"Add ",[15,145585,63],{},[168,145587,145583,145588],{},[15,145589,472],{},[168,145591,145583,145592],{},[15,145593,1433],{},[20,145595,145596],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,145598,155,145600,145602],{"id":145599},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145601,145240],{}," can work with",[20,145604,145605,145607],{},[15,145606,145240],{}," works with numeric values.",[693,145609,39794],{"id":39793},[35,145611,145613],{"className":37,"code":145612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145614,145615,145639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145616,145617,145619,145621,145623,145625,145627,145629,145631,145633,145635,145637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145618,3193],{"class":50},[44,145620,55],{"class":54},[44,145622,2992],{"class":58},[44,145624,63],{"class":62},[44,145626,66],{"class":58},[44,145628,69],{"class":62},[44,145630,66],{"class":58},[44,145632,74],{"class":62},[44,145634,66],{"class":58},[44,145636,143],{"class":62},[44,145638,3005],{"class":58},[44,145640,145641,145643,145645,145647,145649,145651],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145642,106],{"class":105},[44,145644,93],{"class":58},[44,145646,145363],{"class":105},[44,145648,93],{"class":58},[44,145650,4734],{"class":89},[44,145652,973],{"class":58},[20,145654,118],{},[35,145656,145657],{"className":37,"code":1749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145658,145659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145660,145661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145662,1749],{"class":62},[693,145664,145665],{"id":51419},"Floats",[35,145667,145669],{"className":37,"code":145668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145670,145671,145693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145672,145673,145675,145677,145679,145681,145683,145686,145688,145691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145674,82415],{"class":50},[44,145676,55],{"class":54},[44,145678,2992],{"class":58},[44,145680,40527],{"class":62},[44,145682,66],{"class":58},[44,145684,145685],{"class":62}," 3.75",[44,145687,66],{"class":58},[44,145689,145690],{"class":62}," 1.25",[44,145692,3005],{"class":58},[44,145694,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703,145705],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145696,106],{"class":105},[44,145698,93],{"class":58},[44,145700,145363],{"class":105},[44,145702,93],{"class":58},[44,145704,82451],{"class":89},[44,145706,973],{"class":58},[20,145708,118],{},[35,145710,145712],{"className":37,"code":145711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,145713,145714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145715,145716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145717,145711],{"class":62},[20,145719,145720,145721,86],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[184,145722,145723],{"href":1791},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[693,145725,145727,145728],{"id":145726},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145729,35565],{},[35,145731,145733],{"className":37,"code":145732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145734,145735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145736,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745,145747,145749,145751,145753,145755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145738,106],{"class":105},[44,145740,93],{"class":58},[44,145742,145363],{"class":105},[44,145744,93],{"class":58},[44,145746,59368],{"class":105},[44,145748,93],{"class":58},[44,145750,63],{"class":62},[44,145752,66],{"class":58},[44,145754,37011],{"class":62},[44,145756,2282],{"class":58},[20,145758,118],{},[35,145760,145761],{"className":37,"code":46412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145762,145763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145764,145765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145766,46412],{"class":62},[20,145768,112810,145769,86],{},[15,145770,145771],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[693,145773,145775],{"id":145774},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145777,145778,145779,145781,145782,3766,145784,145781,145786,86],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145780,987],{}," acts like ",[15,145783,63],{},[15,145785,3045],{},[15,145787,1491],{},[35,145789,145791],{"className":37,"code":145790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145792,145793,145817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145794,145795,145797,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807,145809,145811,145813,145815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145796,51339],{"class":50},[44,145798,55],{"class":54},[44,145800,2992],{"class":58},[44,145802,987],{"class":871},[44,145804,66],{"class":58},[44,145806,3277],{"class":871},[44,145808,66],{"class":58},[44,145810,3286],{"class":871},[44,145812,66],{"class":58},[44,145814,3286],{"class":871},[44,145816,3005],{"class":58},[44,145818,145819,145821,145823,145825,145827,145829],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145820,106],{"class":105},[44,145822,93],{"class":58},[44,145824,145363],{"class":105},[44,145826,93],{"class":58},[44,145828,51392],{"class":89},[44,145830,973],{"class":58},[20,145832,118],{},[35,145834,145835],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145836,145837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145838,145839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145840,45988],{"class":62},[20,145842,145843,145844,86],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145845,987],{},[30,145847,155,145849,145851],{"id":145848},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145850,145240],{}," does not work with",[20,145853,145854,145856],{},[15,145855,145240],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[693,145858,145860],{"id":145859},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145862,2207],{},[35,145864,145866],{"className":37,"code":145865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145867,145868,145892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145869,145870,145872,145874,145876,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886,145888,145890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145871,3441],{"class":50},[44,145873,55],{"class":54},[44,145875,2992],{"class":58},[44,145877,279],{"class":278},[44,145879,948],{"class":282},[44,145881,279],{"class":278},[44,145883,66],{"class":58},[44,145885,290],{"class":278},[44,145887,59960],{"class":282},[44,145889,279],{"class":278},[44,145891,3005],{"class":58},[44,145893,145894,145896,145898,145900,145902,145904],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145895,106],{"class":105},[44,145897,93],{"class":58},[44,145899,145363],{"class":105},[44,145901,93],{"class":58},[44,145903,3485],{"class":89},[44,145905,973],{"class":58},[20,145907,145908],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,145910,145912],{"className":37,"code":145911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,145913,145914,145938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145915,145916,145918,145920,145922,145924,145926,145928,145930,145932,145934,145936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145917,3441],{"class":50},[44,145919,55],{"class":54},[44,145921,2992],{"class":58},[44,145923,279],{"class":278},[44,145925,948],{"class":282},[44,145927,279],{"class":278},[44,145929,66],{"class":58},[44,145931,290],{"class":278},[44,145933,59960],{"class":282},[44,145935,279],{"class":278},[44,145937,3005],{"class":58},[44,145939,145940,145942,145944,145946,145948,145950,145952,145954],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,145941,106],{"class":105},[44,145943,93],{"class":58},[44,145945,5649],{"class":278},[44,145947,86],{"class":58},[44,145949,132765],{"class":89},[44,145951,93],{"class":58},[44,145953,3485],{"class":89},[44,145955,973],{"class":58},[20,145957,118],{},[35,145959,145961],{"className":37,"code":145960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,145962,145963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145964,145965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145966,145960],{"class":50},[20,145968,145969,145970,86],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[184,145971,145972,5159],{"href":41544},[15,145973,47055],{},[693,145975,145977],{"id":145976},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,145979,145980],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,145982,145984],{"className":37,"code":145983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,145985,145986,146013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145987,145988,145991,145993,145995,145997,145999,146001,146003,146005,146007,146009,146011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145989,145990],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,145992,55],{"class":54},[44,145994,55664],{"class":58},[44,145996,63],{"class":62},[44,145998,66],{"class":58},[44,146000,69],{"class":62},[44,146002,17428],{"class":58},[44,146004,2992],{"class":58},[44,146006,1433],{"class":62},[44,146008,66],{"class":58},[44,146010,143],{"class":62},[44,146012,52613],{"class":58},[44,146014,146015,146017,146019,146021,146023,146025],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146016,106],{"class":105},[44,146018,93],{"class":58},[44,146020,145363],{"class":105},[44,146022,93],{"class":58},[44,146024,4675],{"class":89},[44,146026,973],{"class":58},[20,146028,146029,146031],{},[15,146030,145240],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[693,146033,146035],{"id":146034},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146037,4848],{},[35,146039,146041],{"className":37,"code":146040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146042,146043,146067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146044,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059,146061,146063,146065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146046,3193],{"class":50},[44,146048,55],{"class":54},[44,146050,2992],{"class":58},[44,146052,63],{"class":62},[44,146054,66],{"class":58},[44,146056,69],{"class":62},[44,146058,66],{"class":58},[44,146060,290],{"class":278},[44,146062,1433],{"class":282},[44,146064,279],{"class":278},[44,146066,3005],{"class":58},[44,146068,146069,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146070,106],{"class":105},[44,146072,93],{"class":58},[44,146074,145363],{"class":105},[44,146076,93],{"class":58},[44,146078,4734],{"class":89},[44,146080,973],{"class":58},[20,146082,146083],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146085,146086,146087,146089,146090,86],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146088,65314],{},", convert them first. See ",[184,146091,2333],{"href":2332},[30,146093,40873],{"id":40872},[20,146095,146096,146097,86],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146098,145240],{},[693,146100,5900],{"id":5899},[20,146102,3899],{},[35,146104,146106],{"className":37,"code":146105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146107,146108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146109,146110,146112,146114,146116,146118,146120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146111,106],{"class":105},[44,146113,93],{"class":58},[44,146115,145363],{"class":105},[44,146117,93],{"class":58},[44,146119,1508],{"class":62},[44,146121,973],{"class":58},[20,146123,146124],{},"Why it fails:",[165,146126,146127,146132],{},[168,146128,146129,146131],{},[15,146130,1508],{}," is a single integer",[168,146133,146134,146136],{},[15,146135,145240],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146138,5930],{},[35,146140,146142],{"className":37,"code":146141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146143,146144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146145,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146147,106],{"class":105},[44,146149,93],{"class":58},[44,146151,145363],{"class":105},[44,146153,650],{"class":58},[44,146155,1508],{"class":62},[44,146157,2368],{"class":58},[20,146159,118],{},[35,146161,146162],{"className":37,"code":2317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146163,146164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146165,146166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146167,2317],{"class":62},[693,146169,146171],{"id":146170},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146173,3899],{},[35,146175,146177],{"className":37,"code":146176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146178,146179,146211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146180,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146182,3193],{"class":50},[44,146184,55],{"class":54},[44,146186,2992],{"class":58},[44,146188,279],{"class":278},[44,146190,63],{"class":282},[44,146192,279],{"class":278},[44,146194,66],{"class":58},[44,146196,290],{"class":278},[44,146198,472],{"class":282},[44,146200,279],{"class":278},[44,146202,66],{"class":58},[44,146204,290],{"class":278},[44,146206,1433],{"class":282},[44,146208,279],{"class":278},[44,146210,3005],{"class":58},[44,146212,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146214,106],{"class":105},[44,146216,93],{"class":58},[44,146218,145363],{"class":105},[44,146220,93],{"class":58},[44,146222,4734],{"class":89},[44,146224,973],{"class":58},[20,146226,146227],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,146229,146231],{"className":37,"code":146230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146232,146233,146265,146293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146234,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146236,3193],{"class":50},[44,146238,55],{"class":54},[44,146240,2992],{"class":58},[44,146242,279],{"class":278},[44,146244,63],{"class":282},[44,146246,279],{"class":278},[44,146248,66],{"class":58},[44,146250,290],{"class":278},[44,146252,472],{"class":282},[44,146254,279],{"class":278},[44,146256,66],{"class":58},[44,146258,290],{"class":278},[44,146260,1433],{"class":282},[44,146262,279],{"class":278},[44,146264,3005],{"class":58},[44,146266,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287,146289,146291],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146268,40551],{"class":50},[44,146270,55],{"class":54},[44,146272,145293],{"class":105},[44,146274,93],{"class":58},[44,146276,1560],{"class":909},[44,146278,93],{"class":58},[44,146280,1545],{"class":89},[44,146282,3031],{"class":58},[44,146284,3247],{"class":3246},[44,146286,3250],{"class":89},[44,146288,3253],{"class":3246},[44,146290,3256],{"class":89},[44,146292,99],{"class":58},[44,146294,146295,146297,146299,146301],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146296,106],{"class":105},[44,146298,93],{"class":58},[44,146300,40580],{"class":89},[44,146302,99],{"class":58},[20,146304,118],{},[35,146306,146307],{"className":37,"code":2026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146308,146309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146310,146311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146312,2026],{"class":62},[20,146314,146315],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[693,146317,146319],{"id":146318},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146321,3899],{},[35,146323,146325],{"className":37,"code":146324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146326,146327,146355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146328,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146330,3193],{"class":50},[44,146332,55],{"class":54},[44,146334,2992],{"class":58},[44,146336,63],{"class":62},[44,146338,66],{"class":58},[44,146340,69],{"class":62},[44,146342,66],{"class":58},[44,146344,290],{"class":278},[44,146346,1433],{"class":282},[44,146348,279],{"class":278},[44,146350,66],{"class":58},[44,146352,143],{"class":62},[44,146354,3005],{"class":58},[44,146356,146357,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146358,106],{"class":105},[44,146360,93],{"class":58},[44,146362,145363],{"class":105},[44,146364,93],{"class":58},[44,146366,4734],{"class":89},[44,146368,973],{"class":58},[20,146370,146371],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,146373,146375],{"className":37,"code":146374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146376,146377,146405,146433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146378,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397,146399,146401,146403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146380,3193],{"class":50},[44,146382,55],{"class":54},[44,146384,2992],{"class":58},[44,146386,63],{"class":62},[44,146388,66],{"class":58},[44,146390,69],{"class":62},[44,146392,66],{"class":58},[44,146394,290],{"class":278},[44,146396,1433],{"class":282},[44,146398,279],{"class":278},[44,146400,66],{"class":58},[44,146402,143],{"class":62},[44,146404,3005],{"class":58},[44,146406,146407,146409,146411,146413,146415,146417,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429,146431],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146408,40551],{"class":50},[44,146410,55],{"class":54},[44,146412,145293],{"class":105},[44,146414,93],{"class":58},[44,146416,1560],{"class":909},[44,146418,93],{"class":58},[44,146420,1545],{"class":89},[44,146422,3031],{"class":58},[44,146424,3247],{"class":3246},[44,146426,3250],{"class":89},[44,146428,3253],{"class":3246},[44,146430,3256],{"class":89},[44,146432,99],{"class":58},[44,146434,146435,146437,146439,146441],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146436,106],{"class":105},[44,146438,93],{"class":58},[44,146440,40580],{"class":89},[44,146442,99],{"class":58},[20,146444,118],{},[35,146446,146447],{"className":37,"code":1749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146448,146449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146450,146451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146452,1749],{"class":62},[693,146454,1123,146456,146458],{"id":146455},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146457,145240],{}," to join text",[20,146460,3899],{},[35,146462,146464],{"className":37,"code":146463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146465,146466,146522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146467,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146469,546],{"class":50},[44,146471,55],{"class":54},[44,146473,2992],{"class":58},[44,146475,279],{"class":278},[44,146477,133364],{"class":282},[44,146479,279],{"class":278},[44,146481,66],{"class":58},[44,146483,290],{"class":278},[44,146485,11118],{"class":282},[44,146487,279],{"class":278},[44,146489,66],{"class":58},[44,146491,290],{"class":278},[44,146493,62655],{"class":282},[44,146495,279],{"class":278},[44,146497,66],{"class":58},[44,146499,290],{"class":278},[44,146501,59808],{"class":282},[44,146503,279],{"class":278},[44,146505,66],{"class":58},[44,146507,290],{"class":278},[44,146509,59842],{"class":282},[44,146511,279],{"class":278},[44,146513,66],{"class":58},[44,146515,290],{"class":278},[44,146517,75398],{"class":282},[44,146519,279],{"class":278},[44,146521,3005],{"class":58},[44,146523,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146525,106],{"class":105},[44,146527,93],{"class":58},[44,146529,145363],{"class":105},[44,146531,93],{"class":58},[44,146533,572],{"class":89},[44,146535,973],{"class":58},[20,146537,148,146538,59901],{},[15,146539,132688],{},[35,146541,146543],{"className":37,"code":146542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146544,146545,146601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146546,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146548,546],{"class":50},[44,146550,55],{"class":54},[44,146552,2992],{"class":58},[44,146554,279],{"class":278},[44,146556,133364],{"class":282},[44,146558,279],{"class":278},[44,146560,66],{"class":58},[44,146562,290],{"class":278},[44,146564,11118],{"class":282},[44,146566,279],{"class":278},[44,146568,66],{"class":58},[44,146570,290],{"class":278},[44,146572,62655],{"class":282},[44,146574,279],{"class":278},[44,146576,66],{"class":58},[44,146578,290],{"class":278},[44,146580,59808],{"class":282},[44,146582,279],{"class":278},[44,146584,66],{"class":58},[44,146586,290],{"class":278},[44,146588,59842],{"class":282},[44,146590,279],{"class":278},[44,146592,66],{"class":58},[44,146594,290],{"class":278},[44,146596,75398],{"class":282},[44,146598,279],{"class":278},[44,146600,3005],{"class":58},[44,146602,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146604,106],{"class":105},[44,146606,93],{"class":58},[44,146608,5649],{"class":278},[44,146610,86],{"class":58},[44,146612,132765],{"class":89},[44,146614,93],{"class":58},[44,146616,572],{"class":89},[44,146618,973],{"class":58},[20,146620,118],{},[35,146622,146623],{"className":37,"code":133445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146624,146625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146626,146627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146628,133445],{"class":50},[20,146630,146631,146632,86],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[184,146633,146634],{"href":134526},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,146636,146638,146640],{"id":146637},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146639,145240],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146642,146643,146645],{},[15,146644,145240],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[693,146647,1123,146649],{"id":146648},"using-sum",[15,146650,145240],{},[35,146652,146654],{"className":37,"code":146653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146655,146656,146676,146690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146657,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146659,51],{"class":50},[44,146661,55],{"class":54},[44,146663,2992],{"class":58},[44,146665,96],{"class":62},[44,146667,66],{"class":58},[44,146669,5370],{"class":62},[44,146671,66],{"class":58},[44,146673,53507],{"class":62},[44,146675,3005],{"class":58},[44,146677,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146679,40551],{"class":50},[44,146681,55],{"class":54},[44,146683,145293],{"class":105},[44,146685,93],{"class":58},[44,146687,83],{"class":89},[44,146689,99],{"class":58},[44,146691,146692,146694,146696,146698],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146693,106],{"class":105},[44,146695,93],{"class":58},[44,146697,40580],{"class":89},[44,146699,99],{"class":58},[693,146701,146703],{"id":146702},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,146705,146707],{"className":37,"code":146706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146708,146709,146729,146737,146741,146753,146761,146765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146710,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146712,51],{"class":50},[44,146714,55],{"class":54},[44,146716,2992],{"class":58},[44,146718,96],{"class":62},[44,146720,66],{"class":58},[44,146722,5370],{"class":62},[44,146724,66],{"class":58},[44,146726,53507],{"class":62},[44,146728,3005],{"class":58},[44,146730,146731,146733,146735],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146732,40551],{"class":50},[44,146734,55],{"class":54},[44,146736,37881],{"class":62},[44,146738,146739],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146740,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,146742,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,146744,5334],{"class":3246},[44,146746,5763],{"class":50},[44,146748,3253],{"class":3246},[44,146750,3635],{"class":50},[44,146752,5770],{"class":58},[44,146754,146755,146757,146759],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,146756,89474],{"class":50},[44,146758,89477],{"class":54},[44,146760,89480],{"class":50},[44,146762,146763],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,146764,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,146766,146767,146769,146771,146773],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,146768,106],{"class":105},[44,146770,93],{"class":58},[44,146772,40580],{"class":89},[44,146774,99],{"class":58},[20,146776,146777],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146779,1859,146780,146782],{},[15,146781,145240],{}," is often better:",[165,146784,146785,146788,146791],{},[168,146786,146787],{},"Shorter code",[168,146789,146790],{},"Easier to read",[168,146792,146793],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146795,146796],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[165,146798,146799,146802,146805],{},[168,146800,146801],{},"You need to skip some values",[168,146803,146804],{},"You need extra checks",[168,146806,146807],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146809,146810,146811,146814,146815,146817],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[184,146812,146813],{"href":39377},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146816,145240],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,146819,1113],{"id":1112},[20,146821,146822,146823,1084],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146824,145240],{},[165,146826,146827,146833,146840,146847],{},[168,146828,146829,146830],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146831,146832],{},"sum(5)",[168,146834,146835,146836,146839],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146837,146838],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[168,146841,1123,146842,146844,146845],{},[15,146843,145240],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146846,132688],{},[168,146848,146849],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146851,8253,146852,146854],{},[15,146853,145240],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,146856,146858],{"className":37,"code":146857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146859,146860,146870,146884,146908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146861,146862,146864,146866,146868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146863,106],{"class":105},[44,146865,93],{"class":58},[44,146867,4734],{"class":89},[44,146869,99],{"class":58},[44,146871,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,146873,106],{"class":105},[44,146875,93],{"class":58},[44,146877,1090],{"class":909},[44,146879,93],{"class":58},[44,146881,4734],{"class":89},[44,146883,973],{"class":58},[44,146885,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146887,106],{"class":105},[44,146889,650],{"class":58},[44,146891,1090],{"class":909},[44,146893,93],{"class":58},[44,146895,1545],{"class":89},[44,146897,3031],{"class":58},[44,146899,3247],{"class":3246},[44,146901,3250],{"class":89},[44,146903,3253],{"class":3246},[44,146905,3256],{"class":89},[44,146907,677],{"class":58},[44,146909,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,146911,106],{"class":105},[44,146913,93],{"class":58},[44,146915,145363],{"class":105},[44,146917,650],{"class":58},[44,146919,1560],{"class":909},[44,146921,93],{"class":58},[44,146923,1545],{"class":89},[44,146925,3031],{"class":58},[44,146927,3247],{"class":3246},[44,146929,3250],{"class":89},[44,146931,3253],{"class":3246},[44,146933,3256],{"class":89},[44,146935,2368],{"class":58},[20,146937,135259],{},[165,146939,146940,146946,146952,146957],{},[168,146941,146942,146945],{},[15,146943,146944],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[168,146947,146948,146951],{},[15,146949,146950],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[168,146953,146954,135281],{},[15,146955,146956],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[168,146958,146959,146962],{},[15,146960,146961],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,146964,1235],{"id":1234},[693,146966,4516,146968,4519],{"id":146967},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,146969,145240],{},[20,146971,146972],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[693,146974,4544,146976,146978],{"id":146975},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,146977,145240],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,146980,29636,146981,188,146984,146987],{},[15,146982,146983],{},"''.join(...)",[15,146985,146986],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[693,146989,4544,146991,146993],{"id":146990},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,146992,145240],{}," work with floats?",[20,146995,146996],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[693,146998,147000,147001,1863],{"id":146999},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147002,145240],{},[20,147004,147005,147006,147008],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147007,35441],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[693,147010,4532,147012,118644,147014,1863],{"id":147011},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147013,145240],{},[15,147015,1081],{},[20,147017,147018],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,147020,1279],{"id":1278},[165,147022,147023,147027,147033,147039,147045,147049,147053],{},[168,147024,147025],{},[184,147026,145723],{"href":1791},[168,147028,147029],{},[184,147030,2945,147031,2878],{"href":35562},[15,147032,35565],{},[168,147034,147035],{},[184,147036,2945,147037,2878],{"href":41727},[15,147038,41730],{},[168,147040,147041],{},[184,147042,2945,147043,2878],{"href":41544},[15,147044,47055],{},[168,147046,147047],{},[184,147048,4596],{"href":39377},[168,147050,147051],{},[184,147052,2895],{"href":2332},[168,147054,147055],{},[184,147056,146634],{"href":134526},[1304,147058,147059],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":147061},[147062,147063,147065,147066,147067,147069,147077,147083,147090,147096,147097,147109],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":145319,"depth":80,"text":147064},"What sum() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":145497,"depth":80,"text":147068},"Using the start value",{"id":145599,"depth":80,"text":147070,"children":147071},"What sum() can work with",[147072,147073,147074,147076],{"id":39793,"depth":102,"text":39794},{"id":51419,"depth":102,"text":145665},{"id":145726,"depth":102,"text":147075},"Values from range()",{"id":145774,"depth":102,"text":145775},{"id":145848,"depth":80,"text":147078,"children":147079},"What sum() does not work with",[147080,147081,147082],{"id":145859,"depth":102,"text":145860},{"id":145976,"depth":102,"text":145977},{"id":146034,"depth":102,"text":146035},{"id":40872,"depth":80,"text":40873,"children":147084},[147085,147086,147087,147088],{"id":5899,"depth":102,"text":5900},{"id":146170,"depth":102,"text":146171},{"id":146318,"depth":102,"text":146319},{"id":146455,"depth":102,"text":147089},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146637,"depth":80,"text":147091,"children":147092},"sum() vs manual loop",[147093,147095],{"id":146648,"depth":102,"text":147094},"Using sum()",{"id":146702,"depth":102,"text":146703},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":147098},[147099,147101,147103,147105,147107],{"id":146967,"depth":102,"text":147100},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":146975,"depth":102,"text":147102},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":146990,"depth":102,"text":147104},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":146999,"depth":102,"text":147106},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147011,"depth":102,"text":147108},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145232,"description":147110},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147117,"title":147118,"body":147119,"description":148521,"extension":1334,"meta":148522,"navigation":322,"path":148523,"seo":148524,"stem":148525,"__hash__":148526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147120,"toc":148489},[147121,147127,147133,147136,147199,147205,147210,147214,147231,147245,147249,147269,147283,147285,147378,147380,147394,147396,147399,147488,147490,147498,147507,147509,147513,147534,147536,147628,147630,147651,147653,147657,147671,147673,147747,147749,147768,147772,147775,147798,147800,147911,147918,147926,147928,147934,147937,147980,147983,148006,148014,148018,148093,148099,148124,148131,148134,148137,148141,148146,148234,148242,148246,148249,148274,148278,148339,148343,148392,148402,148404,148409,148412,148418,148421,148425,148429,148435,148438,148446,148454,148456,148486],[10,147122,147124,147125,18],{"id":147123},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147126,56659],{},[20,147128,147129,147132],{},[15,147130,147131],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147134,147135],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,147137,147139],{"className":37,"code":147138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147140,147141,147169,147187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147142,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147144,51],{"class":50},[44,147146,55],{"class":54},[44,147148,8615],{"class":58},[44,147150,63],{"class":62},[44,147152,66],{"class":58},[44,147154,69],{"class":62},[44,147156,66],{"class":58},[44,147158,69],{"class":62},[44,147160,66],{"class":58},[44,147162,74],{"class":62},[44,147164,66],{"class":58},[44,147166,69],{"class":62},[44,147168,99],{"class":58},[44,147170,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147172,1602],{"class":50},[44,147174,55],{"class":54},[44,147176,3635],{"class":50},[44,147178,86],{"class":58},[44,147180,40628],{"class":89},[44,147182,93],{"class":58},[44,147184,472],{"class":62},[44,147186,99],{"class":58},[44,147188,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147190,106],{"class":105},[44,147192,93],{"class":58},[44,147194,1637],{"class":89},[44,147196,3031],{"class":58},[44,147198,50143],{"class":3034},[20,147200,148,147201,147204],{},[15,147202,147203],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,147206,155,147208,158],{"id":147207},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147209,147131],{},[20,147211,147212,1084],{},[15,147213,147203],{},[165,147215,147216,147222,147225,147228],{},[168,147217,147218,147219,147221],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147220,1188],{}," appears in the tuple",[168,147223,147224],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[168,147226,147227],{},"Returns an integer",[168,147229,147230],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147232,147233,147234,147236,147237,188,147241,86],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147235,56659],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[184,147238,147240],{"href":147239},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[184,147242,147244],{"href":147243},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,147246,147248],{"id":147247},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,147250,147252],{"className":37,"code":147251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147253,147254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147255,147256,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147257,147258],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,147260,86],{"class":58},[44,147262,40628],{"class":89},[44,147264,93],{"class":58},[44,147266,1188],{"class":89},[44,147268,99],{"class":58},[165,147270,147271,147275,147278],{},[168,147272,147273,56824],{},[15,147274,1188],{},[168,147276,147277],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[168,147279,147280,147281],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147282,1491],{},[693,147284,102359],{"id":102358},[35,147286,147288],{"className":37,"code":147287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147289,147290,147330,147354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147291,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147293,271],{"class":50},[44,147295,55],{"class":54},[44,147297,8615],{"class":58},[44,147299,279],{"class":278},[44,147301,283],{"class":282},[44,147303,279],{"class":278},[44,147305,66],{"class":58},[44,147307,290],{"class":278},[44,147309,293],{"class":282},[44,147311,279],{"class":278},[44,147313,66],{"class":58},[44,147315,290],{"class":278},[44,147317,283],{"class":282},[44,147319,279],{"class":278},[44,147321,66],{"class":58},[44,147323,290],{"class":278},[44,147325,313],{"class":282},[44,147327,279],{"class":278},[44,147329,99],{"class":58},[44,147331,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147333,106],{"class":105},[44,147335,93],{"class":58},[44,147337,302],{"class":89},[44,147339,86],{"class":58},[44,147341,40628],{"class":89},[44,147343,93],{"class":58},[44,147345,279],{"class":278},[44,147347,283],{"class":282},[44,147349,279],{"class":278},[44,147351,4737],{"class":58},[44,147353,57014],{"class":3034},[44,147355,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370,147372,147374,147376],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147357,106],{"class":105},[44,147359,93],{"class":58},[44,147361,302],{"class":89},[44,147363,86],{"class":58},[44,147365,40628],{"class":89},[44,147367,93],{"class":58},[44,147369,279],{"class":278},[44,147371,21891],{"class":282},[44,147373,279],{"class":278},[44,147375,4737],{"class":58},[44,147377,50620],{"class":3034},[20,147379,19323],{},[165,147381,147382,147387],{},[168,147383,147384,147386],{},[15,147385,64761],{}," appears 2 times",[168,147388,147389,147391,147392],{},[15,147390,109055],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147393,1491],{},[30,147395,258],{"id":257},[20,147397,147398],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,147400,147402],{"className":37,"code":147401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147403,147404,147452,147456,147478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147405,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147407,35606],{"class":50},[44,147409,55],{"class":54},[44,147411,8615],{"class":58},[44,147413,279],{"class":278},[44,147415,3450],{"class":282},[44,147417,279],{"class":278},[44,147419,66],{"class":58},[44,147421,290],{"class":278},[44,147423,3459],{"class":282},[44,147425,279],{"class":278},[44,147427,66],{"class":58},[44,147429,290],{"class":278},[44,147431,3450],{"class":282},[44,147433,279],{"class":278},[44,147435,66],{"class":58},[44,147437,290],{"class":278},[44,147439,32586],{"class":282},[44,147441,279],{"class":278},[44,147443,66],{"class":58},[44,147445,290],{"class":278},[44,147447,3450],{"class":282},[44,147449,279],{"class":278},[44,147451,99],{"class":58},[44,147453,147454],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147455,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,147457,147458,147460,147462,147464,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147459,1602],{"class":50},[44,147461,55],{"class":54},[44,147463,52223],{"class":50},[44,147465,86],{"class":58},[44,147467,40628],{"class":89},[44,147469,93],{"class":58},[44,147471,279],{"class":278},[44,147473,3450],{"class":282},[44,147475,279],{"class":278},[44,147477,99],{"class":58},[44,147479,147480,147482,147484,147486],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,147481,106],{"class":105},[44,147483,93],{"class":58},[44,147485,1637],{"class":89},[44,147487,99],{"class":58},[20,147489,118],{},[35,147491,147492],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147493,147494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147495,147496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147497,45988],{"class":62},[20,147499,147500,147502,147503,727,147505,86],{},[15,147501,57202],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147504,56659],{},[15,147506,1433],{},[30,147508,37388],{"id":37387},[20,147510,56913,147511,127994],{},[15,147512,56659],{},[165,147514,147515,147520,147525,147528],{},[168,147516,10799,147517,147519],{},[15,147518,1491],{}," when the value does not exist",[168,147521,10799,147522,147524],{},[15,147523,63],{}," when the value appears once",[168,147526,147527],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[168,147529,147530,147531,147533],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147532,6374],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147535,894],{},[35,147537,147539],{"className":37,"code":147538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147540,147541,147582,147586,147613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147542,147543,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147544,147545],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,147547,55],{"class":54},[44,147549,8615],{"class":58},[44,147551,279],{"class":278},[44,147553,8035],{"class":282},[44,147555,279],{"class":278},[44,147557,66],{"class":58},[44,147559,290],{"class":278},[44,147561,7975],{"class":282},[44,147563,279],{"class":278},[44,147565,66],{"class":58},[44,147567,290],{"class":278},[44,147569,8035],{"class":282},[44,147571,279],{"class":278},[44,147573,66],{"class":58},[44,147575,290],{"class":278},[44,147577,8035],{"class":282},[44,147579,279],{"class":278},[44,147581,99],{"class":58},[44,147583,147584],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147585,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,147587,147588,147590,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147589,6374],{"class":3246},[44,147591,147592],{"class":50}," answers",[44,147594,86],{"class":58},[44,147596,40628],{"class":89},[44,147598,93],{"class":58},[44,147600,279],{"class":278},[44,147602,8035],{"class":282},[44,147604,279],{"class":278},[44,147606,3031],{"class":58},[44,147608,37764],{"class":54},[44,147610,4874],{"class":62},[44,147612,5770],{"class":58},[44,147614,147615,147617,147619,147621,147624,147626],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,147616,7447],{"class":105},[44,147618,93],{"class":58},[44,147620,279],{"class":278},[44,147622,147623],{"class":282},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,147625,279],{"class":278},[44,147627,99],{"class":58},[20,147629,118],{},[35,147631,147633],{"className":37,"code":147632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147634,147635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147636,147637,147640,147642,147644,147646,147649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147638,147639],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,147641,351],{"class":278},[44,147643,8035],{"class":282},[44,147645,351],{"class":278},[44,147647,147648],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,147650,121638],{"class":58},[30,147652,40414],{"id":40413},[20,147654,34773,147655,103822],{},[15,147656,147131],{},[165,147658,147659,147662,147665,147668],{},[168,147660,147661],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[168,147663,147664],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[168,147666,147667],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[168,147669,147670],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147672,894],{},[35,147674,147676],{"className":37,"code":147675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147677,147678,147706,147710,147732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147679,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147681,4437],{"class":50},[44,147683,55],{"class":54},[44,147685,8615],{"class":58},[44,147687,931],{"class":62},[44,147689,66],{"class":58},[44,147691,7168],{"class":62},[44,147693,66],{"class":58},[44,147695,5381],{"class":62},[44,147697,66],{"class":58},[44,147699,7173],{"class":62},[44,147701,66],{"class":58},[44,147703,5381],{"class":62},[44,147705,99],{"class":58},[44,147707,147708],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147709,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,147711,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147713,6374],{"class":3246},[44,147715,4484],{"class":50},[44,147717,86],{"class":58},[44,147719,40628],{"class":89},[44,147721,93],{"class":58},[44,147723,931],{"class":62},[44,147725,3031],{"class":58},[44,147727,50661],{"class":54},[44,147729,69],{"class":62},[44,147731,5770],{"class":58},[44,147733,147734,147736,147738,147740,147743,147745],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,147735,7447],{"class":105},[44,147737,93],{"class":58},[44,147739,279],{"class":278},[44,147741,147742],{"class":282},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,147744,279],{"class":278},[44,147746,99],{"class":58},[20,147748,118],{},[35,147750,147752],{"className":37,"code":147751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147753,147754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147755,147756,147759,147761,147763,147766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147757,147758],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,147760,931],{"class":62},[44,147762,7474],{"class":54},[44,147764,147765],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,147767,121638],{"class":58},[30,147769,147771],{"id":147770},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147773,147774],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[165,147776,147777,147783,147788,147791],{},[168,147778,147779,147780,147782],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147781,56659],{}," still works because it only reads data",[168,147784,147785,147787],{},[15,147786,56659],{}," counts exact matches",[168,147789,147790],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[168,147792,147793,3766,147795,147797],{},[15,147794,63],{},[15,147796,41527],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147799,894],{},[35,147801,147803],{"className":37,"code":147802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147804,147805,147839,147843,147863,147887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147806,147807,147809,147811,147813,147815,147817,147820,147822,147824,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147808,3193],{"class":50},[44,147810,55],{"class":54},[44,147812,8615],{"class":58},[44,147814,63],{"class":62},[44,147816,66],{"class":58},[44,147818,147819],{"class":62}," 1.0",[44,147821,66],{"class":58},[44,147823,290],{"class":278},[44,147825,147826],{"class":282},"Cat",[44,147828,279],{"class":278},[44,147830,66],{"class":58},[44,147832,290],{"class":278},[44,147834,36415],{"class":282},[44,147836,279],{"class":278},[44,147838,99],{"class":58},[44,147840,147841],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147842,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,147844,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147846,106],{"class":105},[44,147848,93],{"class":58},[44,147850,4734],{"class":89},[44,147852,86],{"class":58},[44,147854,40628],{"class":89},[44,147856,93],{"class":58},[44,147858,63],{"class":62},[44,147860,4737],{"class":58},[44,147862,50467],{"class":3034},[44,147864,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,147866,106],{"class":105},[44,147868,93],{"class":58},[44,147870,4734],{"class":89},[44,147872,86],{"class":58},[44,147874,40628],{"class":89},[44,147876,93],{"class":58},[44,147878,279],{"class":278},[44,147880,147826],{"class":282},[44,147882,279],{"class":278},[44,147884,4737],{"class":58},[44,147886,27147],{"class":3034},[44,147888,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,147890,106],{"class":105},[44,147892,93],{"class":58},[44,147894,4734],{"class":89},[44,147896,86],{"class":58},[44,147898,40628],{"class":89},[44,147900,93],{"class":58},[44,147902,279],{"class":278},[44,147904,36415],{"class":282},[44,147906,279],{"class":278},[44,147908,4737],{"class":58},[44,147910,27147],{"class":3034},[20,147912,4532,147913,4535,147916,1863],{},[15,147914,147915],{},"values.count(1)",[15,147917,472],{},[20,147919,8163,147920,4156,147923,147925],{},[15,147921,147922],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,147924,987],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,147927,1113],{"id":1112},[693,147929,1123,147931,147933],{"id":147930},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,147932,40628],{}," without parentheses",[20,147935,147936],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,147938,147940],{"className":37,"code":147939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,147941,147942,147966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147943,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958,147960,147962,147964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147945,51],{"class":50},[44,147947,55],{"class":54},[44,147949,8615],{"class":58},[44,147951,63],{"class":62},[44,147953,66],{"class":58},[44,147955,69],{"class":62},[44,147957,66],{"class":58},[44,147959,69],{"class":62},[44,147961,66],{"class":58},[44,147963,74],{"class":62},[44,147965,99],{"class":58},[44,147967,147968,147970,147972,147974,147976,147978],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,147969,106],{"class":105},[44,147971,93],{"class":58},[44,147973,83],{"class":89},[44,147975,86],{"class":58},[44,147977,40628],{"class":1219},[44,147979,99],{"class":58},[20,147981,147982],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,147984,147986],{"className":37,"code":147985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,147987,147988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147989,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147991,106],{"class":105},[44,147993,93],{"class":58},[44,147995,83],{"class":89},[44,147997,86],{"class":58},[44,147999,40628],{"class":89},[44,148001,93],{"class":58},[44,148003,472],{"class":62},[44,148005,973],{"class":58},[693,148007,1129,148008,7833,148010,188,148012],{"id":57962},[15,148009,56659],{},[15,148011,987],{},[15,148013,3045],{},[20,148015,148016,57973],{},[15,148017,56659],{},[35,148019,148021],{"className":37,"code":148020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148022,148023,148055,148077,148081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148024,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148026,546],{"class":50},[44,148028,55],{"class":54},[44,148030,8615],{"class":58},[44,148032,279],{"class":278},[44,148034,184],{"class":282},[44,148036,279],{"class":278},[44,148038,66],{"class":58},[44,148040,290],{"class":278},[44,148042,563],{"class":282},[44,148044,279],{"class":278},[44,148046,66],{"class":58},[44,148048,290],{"class":278},[44,148050,184],{"class":282},[44,148052,279],{"class":278},[44,148054,99],{"class":58},[44,148056,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148058,1602],{"class":50},[44,148060,55],{"class":54},[44,148062,69465],{"class":50},[44,148064,86],{"class":58},[44,148066,40628],{"class":89},[44,148068,93],{"class":58},[44,148070,279],{"class":278},[44,148072,184],{"class":282},[44,148074,279],{"class":278},[44,148076,99],{"class":58},[44,148078,148079],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148080,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,148082,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,148084,106],{"class":105},[44,148086,93],{"class":58},[44,148088,1637],{"class":89},[44,148090,3031],{"class":58},[44,148092,50788],{"class":3034},[20,148094,148095,148096,148098],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148097,3253],{}," is often simpler:",[35,148100,148102],{"className":37,"code":148101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148103,148104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148105,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148107,106],{"class":105},[44,148109,93],{"class":58},[44,148111,279],{"class":278},[44,148113,184],{"class":282},[44,148115,279],{"class":278},[44,148117,20540],{"class":3246},[44,148119,69465],{"class":89},[44,148121,3031],{"class":58},[44,148123,3035],{"class":3034},[693,148125,1138,148127,8082,148129],{"id":148126},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148128,147131],{},[15,148130,56664],{},[20,148132,148133],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148135,148136],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[693,148138,148140],{"id":148139},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148142,148143,148145],{},[15,148144,56659],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,148147,148149],{"className":37,"code":148148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148150,148151,148184,148210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148152,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148154,3441],{"class":50},[44,148156,55],{"class":54},[44,148158,8615],{"class":58},[44,148160,279],{"class":278},[44,148162,3450],{"class":282},[44,148164,279],{"class":278},[44,148166,66],{"class":58},[44,148168,290],{"class":278},[44,148170,148171],{"class":282},"pineapple",[44,148173,279],{"class":278},[44,148175,66],{"class":58},[44,148177,290],{"class":278},[44,148179,3450],{"class":282},[44,148181,279],{"class":278},[44,148183,99],{"class":58},[44,148185,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148203,148205,148207],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148187,106],{"class":105},[44,148189,93],{"class":58},[44,148191,3485],{"class":89},[44,148193,86],{"class":58},[44,148195,40628],{"class":89},[44,148197,93],{"class":58},[44,148199,279],{"class":278},[44,148201,148202],{"class":282},"app",[44,148204,279],{"class":278},[44,148206,4737],{"class":58},[44,148208,148209],{"class":3034},"    # 0\n",[44,148211,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148213,106],{"class":105},[44,148215,93],{"class":58},[44,148217,3485],{"class":89},[44,148219,86],{"class":58},[44,148221,40628],{"class":89},[44,148223,93],{"class":58},[44,148225,279],{"class":278},[44,148227,3450],{"class":282},[44,148229,279],{"class":278},[44,148231,4737],{"class":58},[44,148233,50788],{"class":3034},[20,148235,148236,148239,148240,86],{},[15,148237,148238],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148241,1491],{},[30,148243,148245],{"id":148244},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148247,148248],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[165,148250,148251,148256,148265,148271],{},[168,148252,148,148253,148255],{},[15,148254,3253],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[168,148257,148,148258,148264],{},[184,148259,148261,148262],{"href":148260},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148263,58337],{}," to find the position of a value",[168,148266,148,148267,148270],{},[15,148268,148269],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[168,148272,148273],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148275,45411,148276,1084],{},[15,148277,3253],{},[35,148279,148281],{"className":37,"code":148280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148282,148283,148303,148307,148323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148284,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148286,51],{"class":50},[44,148288,55],{"class":54},[44,148290,8615],{"class":58},[44,148292,96],{"class":62},[44,148294,66],{"class":58},[44,148296,5370],{"class":62},[44,148298,66],{"class":58},[44,148300,53507],{"class":62},[44,148302,99],{"class":58},[44,148304,148305],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148306,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,148308,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317,148319,148321],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148310,106],{"class":105},[44,148312,93],{"class":58},[44,148314,1396],{"class":62},[44,148316,20540],{"class":3246},[44,148318,3635],{"class":89},[44,148320,3031],{"class":58},[44,148322,43225],{"class":3034},[44,148324,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,148326,106],{"class":105},[44,148328,93],{"class":58},[44,148330,1508],{"class":62},[44,148332,20540],{"class":3246},[44,148334,3635],{"class":89},[44,148336,3031],{"class":58},[44,148338,43242],{"class":3034},[20,148340,45411,148341,1084],{},[15,148342,58337],{},[35,148344,148346],{"className":37,"code":148345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148347,148348,148372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148349,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148351,51],{"class":50},[44,148353,55],{"class":54},[44,148355,8615],{"class":58},[44,148357,96],{"class":62},[44,148359,66],{"class":58},[44,148361,5370],{"class":62},[44,148363,66],{"class":58},[44,148365,53507],{"class":62},[44,148367,66],{"class":58},[44,148369,5370],{"class":62},[44,148371,99],{"class":58},[44,148373,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148375,106],{"class":105},[44,148377,93],{"class":58},[44,148379,83],{"class":89},[44,148381,86],{"class":58},[44,148383,35214],{"class":89},[44,148385,93],{"class":58},[44,148387,1396],{"class":62},[44,148389,4737],{"class":58},[44,148391,27147],{"class":3034},[20,148393,148394,148396,148397,148399,148401],{},[15,148395,56659],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9223,148398],{},[15,148400,58337],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,148403,1235],{"id":1234},[693,148405,4516,148407,4519],{"id":148406},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148408,147131],{},[20,148410,148411],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[693,148413,1239,148415,148417],{"id":148414},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148416,147131],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148419,148420],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[693,148422,148424],{"id":148423},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148426,11283,148427,86],{},[15,148428,1491],{},[693,148430,4544,148432,148434],{"id":148431},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148433,147131],{}," count strings?",[20,148436,148437],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[693,148439,4554,148441,3766,148443,1863],{"id":148440},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148442,147131],{},[15,148444,148445],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148447,148448,148450,148451,148453],{},[15,148449,56659],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148452,58337],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,148455,1279],{"id":1278},[165,148457,148458,148462,148467,148474,148482],{},[168,148459,148460],{},[184,148461,147240],{"href":147239},[168,148463,148464],{},[184,148465,148466],{"href":147243},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[168,148468,148469],{},[184,148470,148471,148472,718],{"href":148260},"Python tuple ",[15,148473,58337],{},[168,148475,148476],{},[184,148477,148479,148480],{"href":148478},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148481,41730],{},[168,148483,148484],{},[184,148485,58325],{"href":58324},[1304,148487,148488],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":148490},[148491,148493,148496,148497,148498,148499,148500,148508,148509,148520],{"id":147207,"depth":80,"text":148492},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147247,"depth":80,"text":147248,"children":148494},[148495],{"id":102358,"depth":102,"text":102359},{"id":257,"depth":80,"text":258},{"id":37387,"depth":80,"text":37388},{"id":40413,"depth":80,"text":40414},{"id":147770,"depth":80,"text":147771},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":148501},[148502,148504,148505,148507],{"id":147930,"depth":102,"text":148503},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":57962,"depth":102,"text":58378},{"id":148126,"depth":102,"text":148506},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148139,"depth":102,"text":148140},{"id":148244,"depth":80,"text":148245},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":148510},[148511,148513,148515,148516,148518],{"id":148406,"depth":102,"text":148512},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148414,"depth":102,"text":148514},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148423,"depth":102,"text":148424},{"id":148431,"depth":102,"text":148517},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148440,"depth":102,"text":148519},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147118,"description":148521},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148528,"title":148529,"body":148530,"description":150217,"extension":1334,"meta":150218,"navigation":322,"path":150219,"seo":150220,"stem":150221,"__hash__":150222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148531,"toc":150180},[148532,148535,148538,148547,148549,148679,148681,148742,148748,148750,148770,148774,148777,148780,148815,148817,148838,148841,148880,148882,148907,148914,148918,148921,148958,148960,148983,148986,148989,149001,149007,149011,149014,149020,149061,149063,149086,149089,149130,149132,149159,149161,149178,149180,149197,149200,149204,149207,149209,149243,149245,149292,149296,149335,149339,149342,149399,149401,149442,149448,149454,149459,149461,149498,149500,149520,149522,149555,149557,149590,149593,149597,149630,149632,149657,149660,149662,149676,149683,149685,149688,149692,149695,149730,149733,149768,149772,149775,149814,149817,149856,149860,149862,149892,149895,149902,149904,149936,149939,149971,149974,150005,150007,150024,150028,150031,150095,150097,150101,150108,150112,150115,150119,150122,150126,150129,150134,150140,150142,150177],[10,148533,148529],{"id":148534},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148536,148537],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148539,148540,148541,188,148545,86],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[184,148542,148544],{"href":148543},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[184,148546,147240],{"href":147239},[30,148548,33],{"id":32},[35,148550,148552],{"className":37,"code":148551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148553,148554,148574,148583,148597,148633,148637,148647,148657,148668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148555,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148557,51],{"class":50},[44,148559,55],{"class":54},[44,148561,8615],{"class":58},[44,148563,63],{"class":62},[44,148565,66],{"class":58},[44,148567,69],{"class":62},[44,148569,66],{"class":58},[44,148571,74],{"class":62},[44,148573,99],{"class":58},[44,148575,148576,148578,148580],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148577,124104],{"class":50},[44,148579,55],{"class":54},[44,148581,148582],{"class":58}," ()\n",[44,148584,148585,148588,148590,148592,148594],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148586,148587],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,148589,55],{"class":54},[44,148591,8615],{"class":58},[44,148593,1508],{"class":62},[44,148595,148596],{"class":58},",)\n",[44,148598,148599,148602,148604,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,148600,148601],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,148603,55],{"class":54},[44,148605,148606],{"class":909}," tuple",[44,148608,650],{"class":58},[44,148610,279],{"class":278},[44,148612,184],{"class":282},[44,148614,279],{"class":278},[44,148616,66],{"class":58},[44,148618,290],{"class":278},[44,148620,563],{"class":282},[44,148622,279],{"class":278},[44,148624,66],{"class":58},[44,148626,290],{"class":278},[44,148628,583],{"class":282},[44,148630,279],{"class":278},[44,148632,677],{"class":58},[44,148634,148635],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,148636,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,148638,148639,148641,148643,148645],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,148640,106],{"class":105},[44,148642,93],{"class":58},[44,148644,83],{"class":89},[44,148646,99],{"class":58},[44,148648,148649,148651,148653,148655],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,148650,106],{"class":105},[44,148652,93],{"class":58},[44,148654,124155],{"class":89},[44,148656,99],{"class":58},[44,148658,148659,148661,148663,148666],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,148660,106],{"class":105},[44,148662,93],{"class":58},[44,148664,148665],{"class":89},"one_item",[44,148667,99],{"class":58},[44,148669,148670,148672,148674,148677],{"class":46,"line":5807},[44,148671,106],{"class":105},[44,148673,93],{"class":58},[44,148675,148676],{"class":89},"from_list",[44,148678,99],{"class":58},[20,148680,118],{},[35,148682,148684],{"className":37,"code":148683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148685,148686,148702,148706,148714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148687,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148689,93],{"class":58},[44,148691,63],{"class":62},[44,148693,66],{"class":58},[44,148695,69],{"class":62},[44,148697,66],{"class":58},[44,148699,74],{"class":62},[44,148701,99],{"class":58},[44,148703,148704],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148705,913],{"class":58},[44,148707,148708,148710,148712],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148709,93],{"class":58},[44,148711,1508],{"class":62},[44,148713,148596],{"class":58},[44,148715,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,148717,93],{"class":58},[44,148719,351],{"class":278},[44,148721,184],{"class":282},[44,148723,351],{"class":278},[44,148725,66],{"class":58},[44,148727,360],{"class":278},[44,148729,563],{"class":282},[44,148731,351],{"class":278},[44,148733,66],{"class":58},[44,148735,360],{"class":278},[44,148737,583],{"class":282},[44,148739,351],{"class":278},[44,148741,99],{"class":58},[20,148743,148744,148745,86],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148746,148747],{},"(5,)",[30,148749,14533],{"id":14532},[165,148751,148752,148755,148758,148761,148764,148767],{},[168,148753,148754],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[168,148756,148757],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[168,148759,148760],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[168,148762,148763],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[168,148765,148766],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[168,148768,148769],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,148771,148773],{"id":148772},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148775,148776],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148778,148779],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,148781,148783],{"className":37,"code":148782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148784,148785,148805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148786,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148788,51],{"class":50},[44,148790,55],{"class":54},[44,148792,8615],{"class":58},[44,148794,63],{"class":62},[44,148796,66],{"class":58},[44,148798,69],{"class":62},[44,148800,66],{"class":58},[44,148802,74],{"class":62},[44,148804,99],{"class":58},[44,148806,148807,148809,148811,148813],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148808,106],{"class":105},[44,148810,93],{"class":58},[44,148812,83],{"class":89},[44,148814,99],{"class":58},[20,148816,118],{},[35,148818,148820],{"className":37,"code":148819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148821,148822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148823,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148825,93],{"class":58},[44,148827,63],{"class":62},[44,148829,66],{"class":58},[44,148831,69],{"class":62},[44,148833,66],{"class":58},[44,148835,74],{"class":62},[44,148837,99],{"class":58},[20,148839,148840],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,148842,148844],{"className":37,"code":148843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148845,148846,148870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148847,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148849,8544],{"class":50},[44,148851,55],{"class":54},[44,148853,8615],{"class":58},[44,148855,63],{"class":62},[44,148857,66],{"class":58},[44,148859,290],{"class":278},[44,148861,3450],{"class":282},[44,148863,279],{"class":278},[44,148865,66],{"class":58},[44,148867,3286],{"class":871},[44,148869,99],{"class":58},[44,148871,148872,148874,148876,148878],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148873,106],{"class":105},[44,148875,93],{"class":58},[44,148877,8583],{"class":89},[44,148879,99],{"class":58},[20,148881,118],{},[35,148883,148885],{"className":37,"code":148884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,148886,148887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148888,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148890,93],{"class":58},[44,148892,63],{"class":62},[44,148894,66],{"class":58},[44,148896,360],{"class":278},[44,148898,3450],{"class":282},[44,148900,351],{"class":278},[44,148902,66],{"class":58},[44,148904,3286],{"class":871},[44,148906,99],{"class":58},[20,148908,148909,148910,86],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[184,148911,148913],{"href":148912},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,148915,148917],{"id":148916},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,148919,148920],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,148922,148924],{"className":37,"code":148923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,148925,148926,148934,148944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148927,148928,148930,148932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148929,124104],{"class":50},[44,148931,55],{"class":54},[44,148933,148582],{"class":58},[44,148935,148936,148938,148940,148942],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148937,106],{"class":105},[44,148939,93],{"class":58},[44,148941,124155],{"class":89},[44,148943,99],{"class":58},[44,148945,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148947,106],{"class":105},[44,148949,93],{"class":58},[44,148951,1090],{"class":909},[44,148953,93],{"class":58},[44,148955,124155],{"class":89},[44,148957,973],{"class":58},[20,148959,118],{},[35,148961,148963],{"className":37,"code":148962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,148964,148965,148969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148966,148967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148968,913],{"class":58},[44,148970,148971,148973,148975,148977,148979,148981],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,148972,2659],{"class":54},[44,148974,2662],{"class":1436},[44,148976,360],{"class":278},[44,148978,48325],{"class":282},[44,148980,351],{"class":278},[44,148982,2671],{"class":54},[20,148984,148985],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,148987,148988],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[165,148990,148991,148996],{},[168,148992,148993,148994],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,148995,6743],{},[168,148997,148998,148999],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149000,3157],{},[20,149002,149003,149004,86],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[184,149005,149006],{"href":56522},"Python list: creating a list",[30,149008,149010],{"id":149009},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149012,149013],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149015,149016,149017,149019],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[116,149018,736],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,149021,149023],{"className":37,"code":149022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149024,149025,149037,149047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149026,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149028,1819],{"class":50},[44,149030,55],{"class":54},[44,149032,8615],{"class":58},[44,149034,1508],{"class":62},[44,149036,99],{"class":58},[44,149038,149039,149041,149043,149045],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149040,106],{"class":105},[44,149042,93],{"class":58},[44,149044,1188],{"class":89},[44,149046,99],{"class":58},[44,149048,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057,149059],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149050,106],{"class":105},[44,149052,93],{"class":58},[44,149054,1090],{"class":909},[44,149056,93],{"class":58},[44,149058,1188],{"class":89},[44,149060,973],{"class":58},[20,149062,118],{},[35,149064,149066],{"className":37,"code":149065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149067,149068,149072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149069,149070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149071,2317],{"class":62},[44,149073,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082,149084],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149075,2659],{"class":54},[44,149077,2662],{"class":1436},[44,149079,360],{"class":278},[44,149081,1560],{"class":282},[44,149083,351],{"class":278},[44,149085,2671],{"class":54},[20,149087,149088],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,149090,149092],{"className":37,"code":149091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149093,149094,149106,149116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149095,149096,149098,149100,149102,149104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149097,148587],{"class":50},[44,149099,55],{"class":54},[44,149101,8615],{"class":58},[44,149103,1508],{"class":62},[44,149105,148596],{"class":58},[44,149107,149108,149110,149112,149114],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149109,106],{"class":105},[44,149111,93],{"class":58},[44,149113,148665],{"class":89},[44,149115,99],{"class":58},[44,149117,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149119,106],{"class":105},[44,149121,93],{"class":58},[44,149123,1090],{"class":909},[44,149125,93],{"class":58},[44,149127,148665],{"class":89},[44,149129,973],{"class":58},[20,149131,118],{},[35,149133,149135],{"className":37,"code":149134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149136,149137,149145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149138,149139,149141,149143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149140,93],{"class":58},[44,149142,1508],{"class":62},[44,149144,148596],{"class":58},[44,149146,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149148,2659],{"class":54},[44,149150,2662],{"class":1436},[44,149152,360],{"class":278},[44,149154,48325],{"class":282},[44,149156,351],{"class":278},[44,149158,2671],{"class":54},[20,149160,16024],{},[35,149162,149164],{"className":37,"code":149163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149165,149166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149167,149168,149170,149172,149174,149176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149169,93],{"class":58},[44,149171,279],{"class":278},[44,149173,3450],{"class":282},[44,149175,279],{"class":278},[44,149177,148596],{"class":58},[20,149179,16012],{},[35,149181,149183],{"className":37,"code":149182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149184,149185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149186,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149188,93],{"class":58},[44,149190,279],{"class":278},[44,149192,3450],{"class":282},[44,149194,279],{"class":278},[44,149196,99],{"class":58},[20,149198,149199],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,149201,149203],{"id":149202},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149205,149206],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[693,149208,245],{"id":83},[35,149210,149211],{"className":37,"code":148782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149212,149213,149233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149214,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229,149231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149216,51],{"class":50},[44,149218,55],{"class":54},[44,149220,8615],{"class":58},[44,149222,63],{"class":62},[44,149224,66],{"class":58},[44,149226,69],{"class":62},[44,149228,66],{"class":58},[44,149230,74],{"class":62},[44,149232,99],{"class":58},[44,149234,149235,149237,149239,149241],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149236,106],{"class":105},[44,149238,93],{"class":58},[44,149240,83],{"class":89},[44,149242,99],{"class":58},[693,149244,248],{"id":4684},[35,149246,149248],{"className":37,"code":149247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149249,149250,149282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149251,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268,149270,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149253,271],{"class":50},[44,149255,55],{"class":54},[44,149257,8615],{"class":58},[44,149259,279],{"class":278},[44,149261,283],{"class":282},[44,149263,279],{"class":278},[44,149265,66],{"class":58},[44,149267,290],{"class":278},[44,149269,313],{"class":282},[44,149271,279],{"class":278},[44,149273,66],{"class":58},[44,149275,290],{"class":278},[44,149277,293],{"class":282},[44,149279,279],{"class":278},[44,149281,99],{"class":58},[44,149283,149284,149286,149288,149290],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149285,106],{"class":105},[44,149287,93],{"class":58},[44,149289,302],{"class":89},[44,149291,99],{"class":58},[693,149293,149295],{"id":149294},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,149297,149299],{"className":37,"code":149298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149300,149301,149325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149302,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319,149321,149323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149304,58842],{"class":50},[44,149306,55],{"class":54},[44,149308,8615],{"class":58},[44,149310,63],{"class":62},[44,149312,66],{"class":58},[44,149314,290],{"class":278},[44,149316,3450],{"class":282},[44,149318,279],{"class":278},[44,149320,66],{"class":58},[44,149322,3286],{"class":871},[44,149324,99],{"class":58},[44,149326,149327,149329,149331,149333],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149328,106],{"class":105},[44,149330,93],{"class":58},[44,149332,58895],{"class":89},[44,149334,99],{"class":58},[693,149336,149338],{"id":149337},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149340,149341],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,149343,149345],{"className":37,"code":149344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149346,149347,149388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149348,149349,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382,149384,149386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149350,149351],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,149353,55],{"class":54},[44,149355,8615],{"class":58},[44,149357,63],{"class":62},[44,149359,66],{"class":58},[44,149361,8615],{"class":58},[44,149363,279],{"class":278},[44,149365,184],{"class":282},[44,149367,279],{"class":278},[44,149369,66],{"class":58},[44,149371,290],{"class":278},[44,149373,563],{"class":282},[44,149375,279],{"class":278},[44,149377,8612],{"class":58},[44,149379,2992],{"class":58},[44,149381,931],{"class":62},[44,149383,66],{"class":58},[44,149385,7168],{"class":62},[44,149387,677],{"class":58},[44,149389,149390,149392,149394,149397],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149391,106],{"class":105},[44,149393,93],{"class":58},[44,149395,149396],{"class":89},"nested",[44,149398,99],{"class":58},[20,149400,118],{},[35,149402,149404],{"className":37,"code":149403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149405,149406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149407,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432,149434,149436,149438,149440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149409,93],{"class":58},[44,149411,63],{"class":62},[44,149413,66],{"class":58},[44,149415,8615],{"class":58},[44,149417,351],{"class":278},[44,149419,184],{"class":282},[44,149421,351],{"class":278},[44,149423,66],{"class":58},[44,149425,360],{"class":278},[44,149427,563],{"class":282},[44,149429,351],{"class":278},[44,149431,8612],{"class":58},[44,149433,2992],{"class":58},[44,149435,931],{"class":62},[44,149437,66],{"class":58},[44,149439,7168],{"class":62},[44,149441,677],{"class":58},[30,149443,149445,149446],{"id":149444},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149447,37414],{},[20,149449,149450,149451,149453],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149452,37414],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149455,149456,149457,86],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[184,149458,62586],{"href":62585},[693,149460,104499],{"id":104498},[35,149462,149464],{"className":37,"code":149463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149465,149466,149488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149467,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149469,51],{"class":50},[44,149471,55],{"class":54},[44,149473,148606],{"class":909},[44,149475,650],{"class":58},[44,149477,63],{"class":62},[44,149479,66],{"class":58},[44,149481,69],{"class":62},[44,149483,66],{"class":58},[44,149485,74],{"class":62},[44,149487,677],{"class":58},[44,149489,149490,149492,149494,149496],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149491,106],{"class":105},[44,149493,93],{"class":58},[44,149495,83],{"class":89},[44,149497,99],{"class":58},[20,149499,118],{},[35,149501,149502],{"className":37,"code":148819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149503,149504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149505,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149507,93],{"class":58},[44,149509,63],{"class":62},[44,149511,66],{"class":58},[44,149513,69],{"class":62},[44,149515,66],{"class":58},[44,149517,74],{"class":62},[44,149519,99],{"class":58},[693,149521,104685],{"id":104684},[35,149523,149525],{"className":37,"code":149524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149526,149527,149545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149528,149529,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149530,546],{"class":50},[44,149532,55],{"class":54},[44,149534,148606],{"class":909},[44,149536,93],{"class":58},[44,149538,279],{"class":278},[44,149540,40929],{"class":282},[44,149542,279],{"class":278},[44,149544,99],{"class":58},[44,149546,149547,149549,149551,149553],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149548,106],{"class":105},[44,149550,93],{"class":58},[44,149552,572],{"class":89},[44,149554,99],{"class":58},[20,149556,118],{},[35,149558,149560],{"className":37,"code":149559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149561,149562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149563,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149565,93],{"class":58},[44,149567,351],{"class":278},[44,149569,184],{"class":282},[44,149571,351],{"class":278},[44,149573,66],{"class":58},[44,149575,360],{"class":278},[44,149577,563],{"class":282},[44,149579,351],{"class":278},[44,149581,66],{"class":58},[44,149583,360],{"class":278},[44,149585,583],{"class":282},[44,149587,351],{"class":278},[44,149589,99],{"class":58},[20,149591,149592],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[693,149594,149596],{"id":149595},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,149598,149600],{"className":37,"code":149599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149601,149602,149620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149603,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149605,3193],{"class":50},[44,149607,55],{"class":54},[44,149609,148606],{"class":909},[44,149611,93],{"class":58},[44,149613,59368],{"class":105},[44,149615,93],{"class":58},[44,149617,96],{"class":62},[44,149619,973],{"class":58},[44,149621,149622,149624,149626,149628],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149623,106],{"class":105},[44,149625,93],{"class":58},[44,149627,4734],{"class":89},[44,149629,99],{"class":58},[20,149631,118],{},[35,149633,149635],{"className":37,"code":149634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149636,149637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149638,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149640,93],{"class":58},[44,149642,1491],{"class":62},[44,149644,66],{"class":58},[44,149646,4874],{"class":62},[44,149648,66],{"class":58},[44,149650,69],{"class":62},[44,149652,66],{"class":58},[44,149654,74],{"class":62},[44,149656,99],{"class":58},[20,149658,149659],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,149661,20167],{"id":20166},[165,149663,149664,149667,149670,149673],{},[168,149665,149666],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[168,149668,149669],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[168,149671,149672],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[168,149674,149675],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149677,149678,149679,86],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[184,149680,149682],{"href":149681},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,149684,1113],{"id":1112},[20,149686,149687],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[693,149689,149691],{"id":149690},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149693,149694],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,149696,149698],{"className":37,"code":149697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149699,149700,149716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149701,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149703,27906],{"class":50},[44,149705,55],{"class":54},[44,149707,8615],{"class":58},[44,149709,279],{"class":278},[44,149711,3450],{"class":282},[44,149713,279],{"class":278},[44,149715,99],{"class":58},[44,149717,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149719,106],{"class":105},[44,149721,93],{"class":58},[44,149723,1090],{"class":909},[44,149725,93],{"class":58},[44,149727,215],{"class":89},[44,149729,973],{"class":58},[20,149731,149732],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,149734,149736],{"className":37,"code":149735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149737,149738,149754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149739,149740,149742,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149741,27906],{"class":50},[44,149743,55],{"class":54},[44,149745,8615],{"class":58},[44,149747,279],{"class":278},[44,149749,3450],{"class":282},[44,149751,279],{"class":278},[44,149753,148596],{"class":58},[44,149755,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149757,106],{"class":105},[44,149759,93],{"class":58},[44,149761,1090],{"class":909},[44,149763,93],{"class":58},[44,149765,215],{"class":89},[44,149767,973],{"class":58},[693,149769,149771],{"id":149770},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149773,149774],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,149776,149778],{"className":37,"code":149777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149779,149780,149800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149781,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792,149794,149796,149798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149783,3193],{"class":50},[44,149785,55],{"class":54},[44,149787,2992],{"class":58},[44,149789,63],{"class":62},[44,149791,66],{"class":58},[44,149793,69],{"class":62},[44,149795,66],{"class":58},[44,149797,74],{"class":62},[44,149799,3005],{"class":58},[44,149801,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149803,106],{"class":105},[44,149805,93],{"class":58},[44,149807,1090],{"class":909},[44,149809,93],{"class":58},[44,149811,4734],{"class":89},[44,149813,973],{"class":58},[20,149815,149816],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,149818,149820],{"className":37,"code":149819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149821,149822,149842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149823,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149825,3193],{"class":50},[44,149827,55],{"class":54},[44,149829,8615],{"class":58},[44,149831,63],{"class":62},[44,149833,66],{"class":58},[44,149835,69],{"class":62},[44,149837,66],{"class":58},[44,149839,74],{"class":62},[44,149841,99],{"class":58},[44,149843,149844,149846,149848,149850,149852,149854],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149845,106],{"class":105},[44,149847,93],{"class":58},[44,149849,1090],{"class":909},[44,149851,93],{"class":58},[44,149853,4734],{"class":89},[44,149855,973],{"class":58},[693,149857,149859],{"id":149858},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149861,149672],{},[35,149863,149865],{"className":37,"code":149864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149866,149867,149887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149868,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149870,51],{"class":50},[44,149872,55],{"class":54},[44,149874,8615],{"class":58},[44,149876,63],{"class":62},[44,149878,66],{"class":58},[44,149880,69],{"class":62},[44,149882,66],{"class":58},[44,149884,74],{"class":62},[44,149886,99],{"class":58},[44,149888,149889],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149890,149891],{"class":3034},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,149893,149894],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[693,149896,1138,149898,149901],{"id":149897},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,149899,149900],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,149903,64012],{},[35,149905,149906],{"className":37,"code":149524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149907,149908,149926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149909,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149911,546],{"class":50},[44,149913,55],{"class":54},[44,149915,148606],{"class":909},[44,149917,93],{"class":58},[44,149919,279],{"class":278},[44,149921,40929],{"class":282},[44,149923,279],{"class":278},[44,149925,99],{"class":58},[44,149927,149928,149930,149932,149934],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149929,106],{"class":105},[44,149931,93],{"class":58},[44,149933,572],{"class":89},[44,149935,99],{"class":58},[20,149937,149938],{},"gives:",[35,149940,149941],{"className":37,"code":149559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149942,149943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149944,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149946,93],{"class":58},[44,149948,351],{"class":278},[44,149950,184],{"class":282},[44,149952,351],{"class":278},[44,149954,66],{"class":58},[44,149956,360],{"class":278},[44,149958,563],{"class":282},[44,149960,351],{"class":278},[44,149962,66],{"class":58},[44,149964,360],{"class":278},[44,149966,583],{"class":282},[44,149968,351],{"class":278},[44,149970,99],{"class":58},[20,149972,149973],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,149975,149977],{"className":37,"code":149976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,149978,149979,149995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149980,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149982,5531],{"class":50},[44,149984,55],{"class":54},[44,149986,8615],{"class":58},[44,149988,279],{"class":278},[44,149990,40929],{"class":282},[44,149992,279],{"class":278},[44,149994,148596],{"class":58},[44,149996,149997,149999,150001,150003],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,149998,106],{"class":105},[44,150000,93],{"class":58},[44,150002,37759],{"class":89},[44,150004,99],{"class":58},[20,150006,118],{},[35,150008,150010],{"className":37,"code":150009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,150011,150012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150015,93],{"class":58},[44,150017,351],{"class":278},[44,150019,40929],{"class":282},[44,150021,351],{"class":278},[44,150023,148596],{"class":58},[693,150025,150027],{"id":150026},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150029,150030],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,150032,150034],{"className":37,"code":150033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150035,150036,150053,150057,150067,150081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150037,150038,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150039,150040],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,150042,55],{"class":54},[44,150044,8615],{"class":58},[44,150046,279],{"class":278},[44,150048,3450],{"class":282},[44,150050,279],{"class":278},[44,150052,148596],{"class":58},[44,150054,150055],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150056,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,150058,150059,150061,150063,150065],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150060,106],{"class":105},[44,150062,93],{"class":58},[44,150064,147258],{"class":89},[44,150066,99],{"class":58},[44,150068,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,150070,106],{"class":105},[44,150072,93],{"class":58},[44,150074,1090],{"class":909},[44,150076,93],{"class":58},[44,150078,147258],{"class":89},[44,150080,973],{"class":58},[44,150082,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,150084,106],{"class":105},[44,150086,93],{"class":58},[44,150088,10537],{"class":105},[44,150090,93],{"class":58},[44,150092,147258],{"class":89},[44,150094,973],{"class":58},[30,150096,1235],{"id":1234},[693,150098,150100],{"id":150099},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150102,150103,150104,150107],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150105,150106],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[693,150109,150111],{"id":150110},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150113,150114],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[693,150116,150118],{"id":150117},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150120,150121],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[693,150123,150125],{"id":150124},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150127,150128],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[693,150130,4516,150132,12088],{"id":150131},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150133,149900],{},[20,150135,4522,150136,150139],{},[15,150137,150138],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,150141,1279],{"id":1278},[165,150143,150144,150148,150152,150158,150163,150168,150172],{},[168,150145,150146],{},[184,150147,147240],{"href":147239},[168,150149,150150],{},[184,150151,148913],{"href":148912},[168,150153,150154],{},[184,150155,150157],{"href":150156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[168,150159,150160],{},[184,150161,150162],{"href":148478},"Python tuple length with len()",[168,150164,150165],{},[184,150166,150167],{"href":148543},"What is a tuple in Python?",[168,150169,150170],{},[184,150171,62586],{"href":62585},[168,150173,150174],{},[184,150175,150176],{"href":149681},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1304,150178,150179],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":150181},[150182,150183,150184,150185,150186,150187,150193,150199,150200,150208,150216],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":14532,"depth":80,"text":14533},{"id":148772,"depth":80,"text":148773},{"id":148916,"depth":80,"text":148917},{"id":149009,"depth":80,"text":149010},{"id":149202,"depth":80,"text":149203,"children":150188},[150189,150190,150191,150192],{"id":83,"depth":102,"text":245},{"id":4684,"depth":102,"text":248},{"id":149294,"depth":102,"text":149295},{"id":149337,"depth":102,"text":149338},{"id":149444,"depth":80,"text":150194,"children":150195},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150196,150197,150198],{"id":104498,"depth":102,"text":104499},{"id":104684,"depth":102,"text":104685},{"id":149595,"depth":102,"text":149596},{"id":20166,"depth":80,"text":20167},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":150201},[150202,150203,150204,150205,150207],{"id":149690,"depth":102,"text":149691},{"id":149770,"depth":102,"text":149771},{"id":149858,"depth":102,"text":149859},{"id":149897,"depth":102,"text":150206},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150026,"depth":102,"text":150027},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":150209},[150210,150211,150212,150213,150214],{"id":150099,"depth":102,"text":150100},{"id":150110,"depth":102,"text":150111},{"id":150117,"depth":102,"text":150118},{"id":150124,"depth":102,"text":150125},{"id":150131,"depth":102,"text":150215},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148529,"description":150217},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150224,"title":150225,"body":150226,"description":151771,"extension":1334,"meta":151772,"navigation":322,"path":151773,"seo":151774,"stem":151775,"__hash__":151776},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150227,"toc":151741},[150228,150231,150236,150238,150251,150257,150259,150326,150328,150363,150368,150372,150376,150378,150389,150397,150399,150401,150422,150424,150444,150447,150449,150454,150497,150499,150521,150524,150537,150541,150545,150548,150601,150603,150624,150629,150633,150636,150681,150683,150716,150728,150732,150740,150777,150779,150808,150812,150815,150868,150870,150890,150897,150901,150906,150975,150977,151002,151006,151009,151015,151092,151094,151153,151155,151167,151172,151176,151180,151194,151196,151231,151233,151250,151253,151266,151270,151274,151285,151290,151305,151308,151311,151313,151316,151320,151322,151336,151338,151362,151367,151371,151374,151393,151396,151445,151450,151467,151470,151503,151507,151509,151560,151563,151588,151591,151614,151618,151624,151626,151661,151664,151669,151671,151675,151678,151682,151687,151691,151694,151698,151701,151705,151710,151712,151738],[10,150229,150225],{"id":150230},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150232,8501,150233,150235],{},[15,150234,37414],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150237,81956],{},[165,150239,150240,150245],{},[168,150241,150242,150244],{},[15,150243,37414],{}," creates an empty tuple",[168,150246,150247,150250],{},[15,150248,150249],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150252,150253,150254,150256],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150255,37414],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,150258,33],{"id":32},[35,150260,150262],{"className":37,"code":150261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150263,150264,150284,150298,150302,150312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150265,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150267,51],{"class":50},[44,150269,55],{"class":54},[44,150271,2992],{"class":58},[44,150273,63],{"class":62},[44,150275,66],{"class":58},[44,150277,69],{"class":62},[44,150279,66],{"class":58},[44,150281,74],{"class":62},[44,150283,3005],{"class":58},[44,150285,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150287,1602],{"class":50},[44,150289,55],{"class":54},[44,150291,148606],{"class":909},[44,150293,93],{"class":58},[44,150295,83],{"class":89},[44,150297,99],{"class":58},[44,150299,150300],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150301,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,150303,150304,150306,150308,150310],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,150305,106],{"class":105},[44,150307,93],{"class":58},[44,150309,1637],{"class":89},[44,150311,99],{"class":58},[44,150313,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,150315,106],{"class":105},[44,150317,93],{"class":58},[44,150319,1090],{"class":909},[44,150321,93],{"class":58},[44,150323,1637],{"class":89},[44,150325,973],{"class":58},[20,150327,118],{},[35,150329,150331],{"className":37,"code":150330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150332,150333,150349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150334,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150336,93],{"class":58},[44,150338,63],{"class":62},[44,150340,66],{"class":58},[44,150342,69],{"class":62},[44,150344,66],{"class":58},[44,150346,74],{"class":62},[44,150348,99],{"class":58},[44,150350,150351,150353,150355,150357,150359,150361],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150352,2659],{"class":54},[44,150354,2662],{"class":1436},[44,150356,360],{"class":278},[44,150358,48325],{"class":282},[44,150360,351],{"class":278},[44,150362,2671],{"class":54},[20,150364,148,150365,150367],{},[15,150366,150249],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,150369,150371],{"id":150370},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150373,150374,62294],{},[15,150375,37414],{},[20,150377,48299],{},[165,150379,150380,150383,150386],{},[168,150381,150382],{},"creates a tuple object",[168,150384,150385],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[168,150387,150388],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150390,150391,150392,150394,150395,86],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[184,150393,148544],{"href":148543}," or the full guide to ",[184,150396,147240],{"href":147239},[30,150398,196],{"id":195},[20,150400,25854],{},[35,150402,150404],{"className":37,"code":150403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150405,150406,150412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150407,150408,150410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150409,48325],{"class":909},[44,150411,913],{"class":58},[44,150413,150414,150416,150418,150420],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150415,48325],{"class":909},[44,150417,93],{"class":58},[44,150419,3091],{"class":89},[44,150421,99],{"class":58},[20,150423,220],{},[165,150425,150426,150429],{},[168,150427,150428],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[168,150430,150431,150432],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[165,150433,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442],{},[168,150435,4675],{},[168,150437,4684],{},[168,150439,62365],{},[168,150441,4681],{},[168,150443,6628],{},[20,150445,150446],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,150448,148917],{"id":148916},[20,150450,29018,150451,150453],{},[15,150452,37414],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,150455,150457],{"className":37,"code":150456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150458,150459,150469,150473,150483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150460,150461,150463,150465,150467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150462,124104],{"class":50},[44,150464,55],{"class":54},[44,150466,148606],{"class":909},[44,150468,913],{"class":58},[44,150470,150471],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150472,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,150474,150475,150477,150479,150481],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150476,106],{"class":105},[44,150478,93],{"class":58},[44,150480,124155],{"class":89},[44,150482,99],{"class":58},[44,150484,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,150486,106],{"class":105},[44,150488,93],{"class":58},[44,150490,1090],{"class":909},[44,150492,93],{"class":58},[44,150494,124155],{"class":89},[44,150496,973],{"class":58},[20,150498,118],{},[35,150500,150501],{"className":37,"code":148962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150502,150503,150507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150504,150505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150506,913],{"class":58},[44,150508,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150510,2659],{"class":54},[44,150512,2662],{"class":1436},[44,150514,360],{"class":278},[44,150516,48325],{"class":282},[44,150518,351],{"class":278},[44,150520,2671],{"class":54},[20,150522,150523],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,150525,150527],{"className":37,"code":150526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,150528,150529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150530,150531,150533,150535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150532,124104],{"class":50},[44,150534,55],{"class":54},[44,150536,148582],{"class":58},[30,150538,150540],{"id":150539},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[693,150542,150544],{"id":150543},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150546,150547],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,150549,150551],{"className":37,"code":150550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150552,150553,150573,150587,150591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150554,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569,150571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150556,51],{"class":50},[44,150558,55],{"class":54},[44,150560,2992],{"class":58},[44,150562,931],{"class":62},[44,150564,66],{"class":58},[44,150566,7168],{"class":62},[44,150568,66],{"class":58},[44,150570,7173],{"class":62},[44,150572,3005],{"class":58},[44,150574,150575,150577,150579,150581,150583,150585],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150576,1602],{"class":50},[44,150578,55],{"class":54},[44,150580,148606],{"class":909},[44,150582,93],{"class":58},[44,150584,83],{"class":89},[44,150586,99],{"class":58},[44,150588,150589],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150590,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,150592,150593,150595,150597,150599],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,150594,106],{"class":105},[44,150596,93],{"class":58},[44,150598,1637],{"class":89},[44,150600,99],{"class":58},[20,150602,118],{},[35,150604,150606],{"className":37,"code":150605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150607,150608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150609,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150611,93],{"class":58},[44,150613,931],{"class":62},[44,150615,66],{"class":58},[44,150617,7168],{"class":62},[44,150619,66],{"class":58},[44,150621,7173],{"class":62},[44,150623,99],{"class":58},[20,150625,150626,150627,86],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[184,150628,104304],{"href":59425},[693,150630,150632],{"id":150631},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150634,150635],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,150637,150639],{"className":37,"code":150638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150640,150641,150653,150667,150671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150642,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150644,34054],{"class":50},[44,150646,55],{"class":54},[44,150648,290],{"class":278},[44,150650,36415],{"class":282},[44,150652,2727],{"class":278},[44,150654,150655,150657,150659,150661,150663,150665],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150656,1602],{"class":50},[44,150658,55],{"class":54},[44,150660,148606],{"class":909},[44,150662,93],{"class":58},[44,150664,34075],{"class":89},[44,150666,99],{"class":58},[44,150668,150669],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150670,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,150672,150673,150675,150677,150679],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,150674,106],{"class":105},[44,150676,93],{"class":58},[44,150678,1637],{"class":89},[44,150680,99],{"class":58},[20,150682,118],{},[35,150684,150686],{"className":37,"code":150685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150687,150688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150689,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702,150704,150706,150708,150710,150712,150714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150691,93],{"class":58},[44,150693,351],{"class":278},[44,150695,583],{"class":282},[44,150697,351],{"class":278},[44,150699,66],{"class":58},[44,150701,360],{"class":278},[44,150703,184],{"class":282},[44,150705,351],{"class":278},[44,150707,66],{"class":58},[44,150709,360],{"class":278},[44,150711,62655],{"class":282},[44,150713,351],{"class":278},[44,150715,99],{"class":58},[20,150717,150718,150719,13425,150722,150724,150725,86],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150720,150721],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[116,150723,736],{}," create ",[15,150726,150727],{},"('cat',)",[693,150729,150731],{"id":150730},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150733,150734,150736,150737,150739],{},[15,150735,35565],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150738,37414],{}," collects them all.",[35,150741,150743],{"className":37,"code":150742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150744,150745,150763,150767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150746,150747,150749,150751,150753,150755,150757,150759,150761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150748,1602],{"class":50},[44,150750,55],{"class":54},[44,150752,148606],{"class":909},[44,150754,93],{"class":58},[44,150756,59368],{"class":105},[44,150758,93],{"class":58},[44,150760,1508],{"class":62},[44,150762,973],{"class":58},[44,150764,150765],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150766,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,150768,150769,150771,150773,150775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150770,106],{"class":105},[44,150772,93],{"class":58},[44,150774,1637],{"class":89},[44,150776,99],{"class":58},[20,150778,118],{},[35,150780,150782],{"className":37,"code":150781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150783,150784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150785,150786,150788,150790,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800,150802,150804,150806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150787,93],{"class":58},[44,150789,1491],{"class":62},[44,150791,66],{"class":58},[44,150793,4874],{"class":62},[44,150795,66],{"class":58},[44,150797,69],{"class":62},[44,150799,66],{"class":58},[44,150801,74],{"class":62},[44,150803,66],{"class":58},[44,150805,143],{"class":62},[44,150807,99],{"class":58},[693,150809,150811],{"id":150810},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150813,150814],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,150816,150818],{"className":37,"code":150817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150819,150820,150840,150854,150858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150821,150822,150824,150826,150828,150830,150832,150834,150836,150838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150823,3193],{"class":50},[44,150825,55],{"class":54},[44,150827,59],{"class":58},[44,150829,63],{"class":62},[44,150831,66],{"class":58},[44,150833,69],{"class":62},[44,150835,66],{"class":58},[44,150837,74],{"class":62},[44,150839,77],{"class":58},[44,150841,150842,150844,150846,150848,150850,150852],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150843,1602],{"class":50},[44,150845,55],{"class":54},[44,150847,148606],{"class":909},[44,150849,93],{"class":58},[44,150851,4734],{"class":89},[44,150853,99],{"class":58},[44,150855,150856],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150857,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,150859,150860,150862,150864,150866],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,150861,106],{"class":105},[44,150863,93],{"class":58},[44,150865,1637],{"class":89},[44,150867,99],{"class":58},[20,150869,118],{},[35,150871,150872],{"className":37,"code":148819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150873,150874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150875,150876,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150877,93],{"class":58},[44,150879,63],{"class":62},[44,150881,66],{"class":58},[44,150883,69],{"class":62},[44,150885,66],{"class":58},[44,150887,74],{"class":62},[44,150889,99],{"class":58},[20,150891,150892,150893,86],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[184,150894,150896],{"href":150895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[693,150898,150900],{"id":150899},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,150902,62908,150903,150905],{},[15,150904,37414],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,150907,150909],{"className":37,"code":150908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150910,150911,150947,150961,150965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150912,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929,150931,150933,150935,150937,150939,150941,150943,150945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150914,12575],{"class":50},[44,150916,55],{"class":54},[44,150918,59],{"class":58},[44,150920,279],{"class":278},[44,150922,7046],{"class":282},[44,150924,279],{"class":278},[44,150926,1084],{"class":58},[44,150928,290],{"class":278},[44,150930,12253],{"class":282},[44,150932,279],{"class":278},[44,150934,66],{"class":58},[44,150936,290],{"class":278},[44,150938,8677],{"class":282},[44,150940,279],{"class":278},[44,150942,1084],{"class":58},[44,150944,8684],{"class":62},[44,150946,77],{"class":58},[44,150948,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,150950,1602],{"class":50},[44,150952,55],{"class":54},[44,150954,148606],{"class":909},[44,150956,93],{"class":58},[44,150958,16676],{"class":89},[44,150960,99],{"class":58},[44,150962,150963],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150964,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,150966,150967,150969,150971,150973],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,150968,106],{"class":105},[44,150970,93],{"class":58},[44,150972,1637],{"class":89},[44,150974,99],{"class":58},[20,150976,339],{},[35,150978,150980],{"className":37,"code":150979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,150981,150982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150983,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998,151000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150985,93],{"class":58},[44,150987,351],{"class":278},[44,150989,7046],{"class":282},[44,150991,351],{"class":278},[44,150993,66],{"class":58},[44,150995,360],{"class":278},[44,150997,8677],{"class":282},[44,150999,351],{"class":278},[44,151001,99],{"class":58},[30,151003,151005],{"id":151004},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151007,151008],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151010,151011,151014],{},[15,151012,151013],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,151016,151018],{"className":37,"code":151017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151019,151020,151056,151060,151074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151021,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151023,12575],{"class":50},[44,151025,55],{"class":54},[44,151027,59],{"class":58},[44,151029,279],{"class":278},[44,151031,7046],{"class":282},[44,151033,279],{"class":278},[44,151035,1084],{"class":58},[44,151037,290],{"class":278},[44,151039,12253],{"class":282},[44,151041,279],{"class":278},[44,151043,66],{"class":58},[44,151045,290],{"class":278},[44,151047,8677],{"class":282},[44,151049,279],{"class":278},[44,151051,1084],{"class":58},[44,151053,8684],{"class":62},[44,151055,77],{"class":58},[44,151057,151058],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151059,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,151061,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151063,106],{"class":105},[44,151065,93],{"class":58},[44,151067,48325],{"class":909},[44,151069,93],{"class":58},[44,151071,16676],{"class":89},[44,151073,973],{"class":58},[44,151075,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,151077,106],{"class":105},[44,151079,93],{"class":58},[44,151081,48325],{"class":909},[44,151083,93],{"class":58},[44,151085,16676],{"class":89},[44,151087,86],{"class":58},[44,151089,922],{"class":89},[44,151091,5666],{"class":58},[20,151093,118],{},[35,151095,151097],{"className":37,"code":151096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151098,151099,151119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151100,151101,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111,151113,151115,151117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151102,93],{"class":58},[44,151104,351],{"class":278},[44,151106,7046],{"class":282},[44,151108,351],{"class":278},[44,151110,66],{"class":58},[44,151112,360],{"class":278},[44,151114,8677],{"class":282},[44,151116,351],{"class":278},[44,151118,99],{"class":58},[44,151120,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139,151141,151143,151145,151147,151149,151151],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151122,964],{"class":58},[44,151124,351],{"class":278},[44,151126,7046],{"class":282},[44,151128,351],{"class":278},[44,151130,66],{"class":58},[44,151132,360],{"class":278},[44,151134,12253],{"class":282},[44,151136,351],{"class":278},[44,151138,8612],{"class":58},[44,151140,8615],{"class":58},[44,151142,351],{"class":278},[44,151144,8677],{"class":282},[44,151146,351],{"class":278},[44,151148,66],{"class":58},[44,151150,8684],{"class":62},[44,151152,973],{"class":58},[20,151154,18061],{},[165,151156,151157,151162],{},[168,151158,151159,151161],{},[15,151160,151013],{}," for keys",[168,151163,151164,31922],{},[15,151165,151166],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151168,151169,151170,86],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[184,151171,62918],{"href":62917},[30,151173,151175],{"id":151174},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151177,151178,17685],{},[15,151179,37414],{},[165,151181,151182,151185,151188,151191],{},[168,151183,151184],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[168,151186,151187],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[168,151189,151190],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[168,151192,151193],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151195,894],{},[35,151197,151199],{"className":37,"code":151198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151200,151201,151220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151202,151203,151206,151208,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151204,151205],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,151207,55],{"class":54},[44,151209,148606],{"class":909},[44,151211,650],{"class":58},[44,151213,96],{"class":62},[44,151215,66],{"class":58},[44,151217,5370],{"class":62},[44,151219,677],{"class":58},[44,151221,151222,151224,151226,151229],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151223,106],{"class":105},[44,151225,93],{"class":58},[44,151227,151228],{"class":89},"coordinates",[44,151230,99],{"class":58},[20,151232,118],{},[35,151234,151236],{"className":37,"code":151235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151237,151238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151239,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151241,93],{"class":58},[44,151243,96],{"class":62},[44,151245,66],{"class":58},[44,151247,5370],{"class":62},[44,151249,99],{"class":58},[20,151251,151252],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[165,151254,151255,151257,151260,151263],{},[168,151256,151228],{},[168,151258,151259],{},"RGB colors",[168,151261,151262],{},"dates",[168,151264,151265],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,151267,151269],{"id":151268},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151271,43799,151272,9977],{},[15,151273,37414],{},[165,151275,151276,151279,151282],{},[168,151277,151278],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[168,151280,151281],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[168,151283,151284],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151286,115731,151287,151289],{},[116,151288,736],{}," work:",[35,151291,151293],{"className":37,"code":151292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151294,151295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151296,151297,151299,151301,151303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151298,48325],{"class":909},[44,151300,93],{"class":58},[44,151302,1508],{"class":62},[44,151304,99],{"class":58},[20,151306,151307],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151309,151310],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,151312,114569],{"id":114568},[20,151314,151315],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[693,151317,151319],{"id":151318},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151321,2207],{},[35,151323,151324],{"className":37,"code":151292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151325,151326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151327,151328,151330,151332,151334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151329,48325],{"class":909},[44,151331,93],{"class":58},[44,151333,1508],{"class":62},[44,151335,99],{"class":58},[20,151337,1071],{},[35,151339,151340],{"className":37,"code":63022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151341,151342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151343,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358,151360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151345,1081],{"class":909},[44,151347,1084],{"class":58},[44,151349,360],{"class":278},[44,151351,1560],{"class":282},[44,151353,351],{"class":278},[44,151355,23984],{"class":909},[44,151357,7474],{"class":54},[44,151359,7477],{"class":54},[44,151361,63045],{"class":50},[20,151363,151364,151365,86],{},"If you see this, read ",[184,151366,61659],{"href":51973},[693,151368,151370],{"id":151369},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151372,151373],{},"This code:",[35,151375,151377],{"className":37,"code":151376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151378,151379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151380,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151382,48325],{"class":909},[44,151384,93],{"class":58},[44,151386,279],{"class":278},[44,151388,948],{"class":282},[44,151390,279],{"class":278},[44,151392,99],{"class":58},[20,151394,151395],{},"returns:",[35,151397,151399],{"className":37,"code":151398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151400,151401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151402,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441,151443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151404,93],{"class":58},[44,151406,351],{"class":278},[44,151408,59808],{"class":282},[44,151410,351],{"class":278},[44,151412,66],{"class":58},[44,151414,360],{"class":278},[44,151416,672],{"class":282},[44,151418,351],{"class":278},[44,151420,66],{"class":58},[44,151422,360],{"class":278},[44,151424,59825],{"class":282},[44,151426,351],{"class":278},[44,151428,66],{"class":58},[44,151430,360],{"class":278},[44,151432,59825],{"class":282},[44,151434,351],{"class":278},[44,151436,66],{"class":58},[44,151438,360],{"class":278},[44,151440,59842],{"class":282},[44,151442,351],{"class":278},[44,151444,99],{"class":58},[20,151446,40274,151447,151449],{},[116,151448,736],{}," return:",[35,151451,151453],{"className":37,"code":151452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,151454,151455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151456,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151458,93],{"class":58},[44,151460,351],{"class":278},[44,151462,948],{"class":282},[44,151464,351],{"class":278},[44,151466,148596],{"class":58},[20,151468,151469],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,151471,151473],{"className":37,"code":151472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151474,151475,151492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151476,151477,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151478,151479],{"class":50},"single ",[44,151481,55],{"class":54},[44,151483,8615],{"class":58},[44,151485,279],{"class":278},[44,151487,948],{"class":282},[44,151489,279],{"class":278},[44,151491,148596],{"class":58},[44,151493,151494,151496,151498,151501],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151495,106],{"class":105},[44,151497,93],{"class":58},[44,151499,151500],{"class":89},"single",[44,151502,99],{"class":58},[693,151504,151506],{"id":151505},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151508,151373],{},[35,151510,151512],{"className":37,"code":151511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151513,151514,151546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151515,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151517,8544],{"class":50},[44,151519,55],{"class":54},[44,151521,59],{"class":58},[44,151523,279],{"class":278},[44,151525,184],{"class":282},[44,151527,279],{"class":278},[44,151529,1084],{"class":58},[44,151531,4874],{"class":62},[44,151533,66],{"class":58},[44,151535,290],{"class":278},[44,151537,563],{"class":282},[44,151539,279],{"class":278},[44,151541,1084],{"class":58},[44,151543,69],{"class":62},[44,151545,77],{"class":58},[44,151547,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151549,106],{"class":105},[44,151551,93],{"class":58},[44,151553,48325],{"class":909},[44,151555,93],{"class":58},[44,151557,8583],{"class":89},[44,151559,973],{"class":58},[20,151561,151562],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,151564,151566],{"className":37,"code":151565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151567,151568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151569,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582,151584,151586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151571,93],{"class":58},[44,151573,351],{"class":278},[44,151575,184],{"class":282},[44,151577,351],{"class":278},[44,151579,66],{"class":58},[44,151581,360],{"class":278},[44,151583,563],{"class":282},[44,151585,351],{"class":278},[44,151587,99],{"class":58},[20,151589,151590],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,151592,151594],{"className":37,"code":151593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151595,151596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151597,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151599,106],{"class":105},[44,151601,93],{"class":58},[44,151603,48325],{"class":909},[44,151605,93],{"class":58},[44,151607,8583],{"class":89},[44,151609,86],{"class":58},[44,151611,922],{"class":89},[44,151613,5666],{"class":58},[693,151615,151617],{"id":151616},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151619,151620,151621,151623],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151622,37414],{}," conversion.",[20,151625,4848],{},[35,151627,151629],{"className":37,"code":151628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151630,151631,151651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151632,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645,151647,151649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151634,1819],{"class":50},[44,151636,55],{"class":54},[44,151638,8615],{"class":58},[44,151640,63],{"class":62},[44,151642,66],{"class":58},[44,151644,69],{"class":62},[44,151646,66],{"class":58},[44,151648,74],{"class":62},[44,151650,99],{"class":58},[44,151652,151653,151655,151657,151659],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151654,106],{"class":105},[44,151656,93],{"class":58},[44,151658,1188],{"class":89},[44,151660,99],{"class":58},[20,151662,151663],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151665,24872,151666,151668],{},[15,151667,37414],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,151670,1235],{"id":1234},[693,151672,151674],{"id":151673},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151676,151677],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[693,151679,151681],{"id":151680},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151683,151684,151685,86],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151686,6743],{},[693,151688,151690],{"id":151689},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151692,151693],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[693,151695,151697],{"id":151696},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151699,151700],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[693,151702,151704],{"id":151703},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151706,151707,151708,86],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151709,1081],{},[30,151711,1279],{"id":1278},[165,151713,151714,151718,151722,151726,151730,151734],{},[168,151715,151716],{},[184,151717,147240],{"href":147239},[168,151719,151720],{},[184,151721,150167],{"href":148543},[168,151723,151724],{},[184,151725,104304],{"href":59425},[168,151727,151728],{},[184,151729,150896],{"href":150895},[168,151731,151732],{},[184,151733,62918],{"href":62917},[168,151735,151736],{},[184,151737,61659],{"href":51973},[1304,151739,151740],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":151742},[151743,151744,151745,151746,151747,151754,151755,151756,151757,151763,151770],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":150370,"depth":80,"text":150371},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":148916,"depth":80,"text":148917},{"id":150539,"depth":80,"text":150540,"children":151748},[151749,151750,151751,151752,151753],{"id":150543,"depth":102,"text":150544},{"id":150631,"depth":102,"text":150632},{"id":150730,"depth":102,"text":150731},{"id":150810,"depth":102,"text":150811},{"id":150899,"depth":102,"text":150900},{"id":151004,"depth":80,"text":151005},{"id":151174,"depth":80,"text":151175},{"id":151268,"depth":80,"text":151269},{"id":114568,"depth":80,"text":114569,"children":151758},[151759,151760,151761,151762],{"id":151318,"depth":102,"text":151319},{"id":151369,"depth":102,"text":151370},{"id":151505,"depth":102,"text":151506},{"id":151616,"depth":102,"text":151617},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":151764},[151765,151766,151767,151768,151769],{"id":151673,"depth":102,"text":151674},{"id":151680,"depth":102,"text":151681},{"id":151689,"depth":102,"text":151690},{"id":151696,"depth":102,"text":151697},{"id":151703,"depth":102,"text":151704},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150225,"description":151771},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151778,"title":151779,"body":151780,"description":153193,"extension":1334,"meta":153194,"navigation":322,"path":153195,"seo":153196,"stem":153197,"__hash__":153198},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151781,"toc":153165},[151782,151787,151792,151795,151797,151876,151882,151887,151891,151906,151908,151955,151957,151965,151973,151979,151981,151986,152006,152009,152036,152038,152062,152064,152206,152208,152212,152220,152223,152225,152302,152304,152312,152316,152320,152330,152340,152342,152347,152349,152408,152413,152415,152515,152517,152531,152536,152542,152549,152552,152554,152664,152668,152685,152687,152750,152752,152760,152772,152776,152781,152809,152812,152894,152896,152907,152909,152913,152940,152942,152944,153024,153032,153034,153089,153091,153096,153099,153103,153107,153109,153113,153117,153125,153132,153135,153137,153162],[10,151783,147124,151785,18],{"id":151784},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151786,58337],{},[20,151788,151789,151791],{},[15,151790,148445],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151793,151794],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,151796,33],{"id":32},[35,151798,151800],{"className":37,"code":151799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151801,151802,151842,151864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151803,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151805,271],{"class":50},[44,151807,55],{"class":54},[44,151809,8615],{"class":58},[44,151811,279],{"class":278},[44,151813,283],{"class":282},[44,151815,279],{"class":278},[44,151817,66],{"class":58},[44,151819,290],{"class":278},[44,151821,293],{"class":282},[44,151823,279],{"class":278},[44,151825,66],{"class":58},[44,151827,290],{"class":278},[44,151829,313],{"class":282},[44,151831,279],{"class":278},[44,151833,66],{"class":58},[44,151835,290],{"class":278},[44,151837,293],{"class":282},[44,151839,279],{"class":278},[44,151841,99],{"class":58},[44,151843,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151845,64288],{"class":50},[44,151847,55],{"class":54},[44,151849,12494],{"class":50},[44,151851,86],{"class":58},[44,151853,35214],{"class":89},[44,151855,93],{"class":58},[44,151857,279],{"class":278},[44,151859,293],{"class":282},[44,151861,279],{"class":278},[44,151863,99],{"class":58},[44,151865,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151867,106],{"class":105},[44,151869,93],{"class":58},[44,151871,64315],{"class":89},[44,151873,3031],{"class":58},[44,151875,27147],{"class":3034},[20,151877,151878,151881],{},[15,151879,151880],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,151883,155,151885,158],{"id":151884},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,151886,148445],{},[20,151888,1351,151889,10788],{},[15,151890,58337],{},[165,151892,151893,151896,151898,151901],{},[168,151894,151895],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[168,151897,127722],{},[168,151899,151900],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[168,151902,151903,151904],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,151905,1491],{},[20,151907,894],{},[35,151909,151911],{"className":37,"code":151910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,151912,151913,151937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151914,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151916,51],{"class":50},[44,151918,55],{"class":54},[44,151920,8615],{"class":58},[44,151922,931],{"class":62},[44,151924,66],{"class":58},[44,151926,7168],{"class":62},[44,151928,66],{"class":58},[44,151930,7173],{"class":62},[44,151932,66],{"class":58},[44,151934,7168],{"class":62},[44,151936,99],{"class":58},[44,151938,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951,151953],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,151940,106],{"class":105},[44,151942,93],{"class":58},[44,151944,83],{"class":89},[44,151946,86],{"class":58},[44,151948,35214],{"class":89},[44,151950,93],{"class":58},[44,151952,15122],{"class":62},[44,151954,973],{"class":58},[20,151956,118],{},[35,151958,151959],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151960,151961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151962,151963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151964,46288],{"class":62},[20,151966,20344,151967,151969,151970,151972],{},[15,151968,15122],{}," appears twice, ",[15,151971,58337],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,151974,150391,151975,86],{},[184,151976,151978],{"href":151977},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,151980,196],{"id":195},[20,151982,7141,151983,151985],{},[15,151984,58337],{}," in two ways:",[35,151987,151989],{"className":37,"code":151988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,151990,151991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151992,151993,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151994,151995],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,151997,86],{"class":58},[44,151999,35214],{"class":89},[44,152001,93],{"class":58},[44,152003,1188],{"class":89},[44,152005,99],{"class":58},[20,152007,152008],{},"or:",[35,152010,152012],{"className":37,"code":152011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152013,152014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152015,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152017,151995],{"class":50},[44,152019,86],{"class":58},[44,152021,35214],{"class":89},[44,152023,93],{"class":58},[44,152025,1188],{"class":89},[44,152027,66],{"class":58},[44,152029,35420],{"class":89},[44,152031,66],{"class":58},[44,152033,64409],{"class":89},[44,152035,99],{"class":58},[693,152037,16764],{"id":16763},[165,152039,152040,152045,152050,152055],{},[168,152041,152042,152044],{},[15,152043,1188],{}," — the item to search for",[168,152046,152047,152049],{},[15,152048,35441],{}," — optional starting position",[168,152051,152052,152054],{},[15,152053,52032],{}," — optional ending position",[168,152056,152057,4156,152059,152061],{},[15,152058,52032],{},[116,152060,64438],{}," in the search",[20,152063,894],{},[35,152065,152067],{"className":37,"code":152066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152068,152069,152117,152121,152146,152174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152070,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152072,546],{"class":50},[44,152074,55],{"class":54},[44,152076,8615],{"class":58},[44,152078,279],{"class":278},[44,152080,184],{"class":282},[44,152082,279],{"class":278},[44,152084,66],{"class":58},[44,152086,290],{"class":278},[44,152088,563],{"class":282},[44,152090,279],{"class":278},[44,152092,66],{"class":58},[44,152094,290],{"class":278},[44,152096,583],{"class":282},[44,152098,279],{"class":278},[44,152100,66],{"class":58},[44,152102,290],{"class":278},[44,152104,563],{"class":282},[44,152106,279],{"class":278},[44,152108,66],{"class":58},[44,152110,290],{"class":278},[44,152112,663],{"class":282},[44,152114,279],{"class":278},[44,152116,99],{"class":58},[44,152118,152119],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152120,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,152122,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152124,106],{"class":105},[44,152126,93],{"class":58},[44,152128,572],{"class":89},[44,152130,86],{"class":58},[44,152132,35214],{"class":89},[44,152134,93],{"class":58},[44,152136,279],{"class":278},[44,152138,563],{"class":282},[44,152140,279],{"class":278},[44,152142,4737],{"class":58},[44,152144,152145],{"class":3034},"        # 1\n",[44,152147,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,152149,106],{"class":105},[44,152151,93],{"class":58},[44,152153,572],{"class":89},[44,152155,86],{"class":58},[44,152157,35214],{"class":89},[44,152159,93],{"class":58},[44,152161,279],{"class":278},[44,152163,563],{"class":282},[44,152165,279],{"class":278},[44,152167,66],{"class":58},[44,152169,69],{"class":62},[44,152171,4737],{"class":58},[44,152173,50291],{"class":3034},[44,152175,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188,152190,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,152177,106],{"class":105},[44,152179,93],{"class":58},[44,152181,572],{"class":89},[44,152183,86],{"class":58},[44,152185,35214],{"class":89},[44,152187,93],{"class":58},[44,152189,279],{"class":278},[44,152191,563],{"class":282},[44,152193,279],{"class":278},[44,152195,66],{"class":58},[44,152197,4874],{"class":62},[44,152199,66],{"class":58},[44,152201,74],{"class":62},[44,152203,4737],{"class":58},[44,152205,27147],{"class":3034},[30,152207,102631],{"id":102630},[20,152209,152210,24875],{},[15,152211,148445],{},[165,152213,152214,152217],{},[168,152215,152216],{},"An integer",[168,152218,152219],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152221,152222],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152224,894],{},[35,152226,152228],{"className":37,"code":152227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152229,152230,152270,152292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152231,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152233,107730],{"class":50},[44,152235,55],{"class":54},[44,152237,8615],{"class":58},[44,152239,279],{"class":278},[44,152241,36415],{"class":282},[44,152243,279],{"class":278},[44,152245,66],{"class":58},[44,152247,290],{"class":278},[44,152249,57496],{"class":282},[44,152251,279],{"class":278},[44,152253,66],{"class":58},[44,152255,290],{"class":278},[44,152257,57513],{"class":282},[44,152259,279],{"class":278},[44,152261,66],{"class":58},[44,152263,290],{"class":278},[44,152265,57496],{"class":282},[44,152267,279],{"class":278},[44,152269,99],{"class":58},[44,152271,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152273,1602],{"class":50},[44,152275,55],{"class":54},[44,152277,107773],{"class":50},[44,152279,86],{"class":58},[44,152281,35214],{"class":89},[44,152283,93],{"class":58},[44,152285,279],{"class":278},[44,152287,57496],{"class":282},[44,152289,279],{"class":278},[44,152291,99],{"class":58},[44,152293,152294,152296,152298,152300],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152295,106],{"class":105},[44,152297,93],{"class":58},[44,152299,1637],{"class":89},[44,152301,99],{"class":58},[20,152303,118],{},[35,152305,152306],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152307,152308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152309,152310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152311,46288],{"class":62},[30,152313,152315],{"id":152314},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152317,148,152318,9977],{},[15,152319,148445],{},[165,152321,152322,152324,152327],{},[168,152323,65467],{},[168,152325,152326],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[168,152328,152329],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152331,152332,152333,152336,152337,86],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152334,152335],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[184,152338,148913],{"href":152339},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[30,152341,64999],{"id":64998},[20,152343,152344,152345,86],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152346,40072],{},[20,152348,894],{},[35,152350,152352],{"className":37,"code":152351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152353,152354,152386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152355,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152357,271],{"class":50},[44,152359,55],{"class":54},[44,152361,8615],{"class":58},[44,152363,279],{"class":278},[44,152365,283],{"class":282},[44,152367,279],{"class":278},[44,152369,66],{"class":58},[44,152371,290],{"class":278},[44,152373,293],{"class":282},[44,152375,279],{"class":278},[44,152377,66],{"class":58},[44,152379,290],{"class":278},[44,152381,313],{"class":282},[44,152383,279],{"class":278},[44,152385,99],{"class":58},[44,152387,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152389,106],{"class":105},[44,152391,93],{"class":58},[44,152393,302],{"class":89},[44,152395,86],{"class":58},[44,152397,35214],{"class":89},[44,152399,93],{"class":58},[44,152401,279],{"class":278},[44,152403,21891],{"class":282},[44,152405,279],{"class":278},[44,152407,973],{"class":58},[20,152409,39022,152410,152412],{},[15,152411,109055],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152414,65074],{},[35,152416,152418],{"className":37,"code":152417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152419,152420,152452,152456,152472,152494,152500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152421,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152423,271],{"class":50},[44,152425,55],{"class":54},[44,152427,8615],{"class":58},[44,152429,279],{"class":278},[44,152431,283],{"class":282},[44,152433,279],{"class":278},[44,152435,66],{"class":58},[44,152437,290],{"class":278},[44,152439,293],{"class":282},[44,152441,279],{"class":278},[44,152443,66],{"class":58},[44,152445,290],{"class":278},[44,152447,313],{"class":282},[44,152449,279],{"class":278},[44,152451,99],{"class":58},[44,152453,152454],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152455,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,152457,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152459,6374],{"class":3246},[44,152461,290],{"class":278},[44,152463,21891],{"class":282},[44,152465,279],{"class":278},[44,152467,20540],{"class":54},[44,152469,12494],{"class":50},[44,152471,5770],{"class":58},[44,152473,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,152475,7447],{"class":105},[44,152477,93],{"class":58},[44,152479,302],{"class":89},[44,152481,86],{"class":58},[44,152483,35214],{"class":89},[44,152485,93],{"class":58},[44,152487,279],{"class":278},[44,152489,21891],{"class":282},[44,152491,279],{"class":278},[44,152493,973],{"class":58},[44,152495,152496,152498],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,152497,26801],{"class":3246},[44,152499,5770],{"class":58},[44,152501,152502,152504,152506,152508,152511,152513],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,152503,7447],{"class":105},[44,152505,93],{"class":58},[44,152507,279],{"class":278},[44,152509,152510],{"class":282},"Value not found",[44,152512,279],{"class":278},[44,152514,99],{"class":58},[20,152516,118],{},[35,152518,152520],{"className":37,"code":152519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,152521,152522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152523,152524,152527,152529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152525,152526],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,152528,736],{"class":54},[44,152530,65198],{"class":50},[20,152532,152533,152534,86],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[184,152535,65208],{"href":65207},[30,152537,1123,152538,3766,152540],{"id":64775},[15,152539,35441],{},[15,152541,52032],{},[20,152543,1351,152544,3766,152546,152548],{},[15,152545,35441],{},[15,152547,52032],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152550,152551],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152553,894],{},[35,152555,152557],{"className":37,"code":152556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152558,152559,152587,152591,152612,152636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152560,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152562,3193],{"class":50},[44,152564,55],{"class":54},[44,152566,8615],{"class":58},[44,152568,1508],{"class":62},[44,152570,66],{"class":58},[44,152572,5381],{"class":62},[44,152574,66],{"class":58},[44,152576,1064],{"class":62},[44,152578,66],{"class":58},[44,152580,7168],{"class":62},[44,152582,66],{"class":58},[44,152584,1064],{"class":62},[44,152586,99],{"class":58},[44,152588,152589],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152590,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,152592,152593,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152594,106],{"class":105},[44,152596,93],{"class":58},[44,152598,4734],{"class":89},[44,152600,86],{"class":58},[44,152602,35214],{"class":89},[44,152604,93],{"class":58},[44,152606,1508],{"class":62},[44,152608,4737],{"class":58},[44,152610,152611],{"class":3034},"        # 0\n",[44,152613,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,152615,106],{"class":105},[44,152617,93],{"class":58},[44,152619,4734],{"class":89},[44,152621,86],{"class":58},[44,152623,35214],{"class":89},[44,152625,93],{"class":58},[44,152627,1508],{"class":62},[44,152629,66],{"class":58},[44,152631,4874],{"class":62},[44,152633,4737],{"class":58},[44,152635,50325],{"class":3034},[44,152637,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,152639,106],{"class":105},[44,152641,93],{"class":58},[44,152643,4734],{"class":89},[44,152645,86],{"class":58},[44,152647,35214],{"class":89},[44,152649,93],{"class":58},[44,152651,1508],{"class":62},[44,152653,66],{"class":58},[44,152655,74],{"class":62},[44,152657,66],{"class":58},[44,152659,1064],{"class":62},[44,152661,4737],{"class":58},[44,152663,50308],{"class":3034},[693,152665,152667],{"id":152666},"how-it-works","How it works",[165,152669,152670,152675,152680],{},[168,152671,152672,152674],{},[15,152673,35441],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[168,152676,152677,152679],{},[15,152678,52032],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[168,152681,1351,152682,152684],{},[15,152683,52032],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152686,894],{},[35,152688,152690],{"className":37,"code":152689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152691,152692,152720,152724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152693,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152695,3193],{"class":50},[44,152697,55],{"class":54},[44,152699,8615],{"class":58},[44,152701,1508],{"class":62},[44,152703,66],{"class":58},[44,152705,5381],{"class":62},[44,152707,66],{"class":58},[44,152709,1064],{"class":62},[44,152711,66],{"class":58},[44,152713,7168],{"class":62},[44,152715,66],{"class":58},[44,152717,1064],{"class":62},[44,152719,99],{"class":58},[44,152721,152722],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152723,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,152725,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152727,106],{"class":105},[44,152729,93],{"class":58},[44,152731,4734],{"class":89},[44,152733,86],{"class":58},[44,152735,35214],{"class":89},[44,152737,93],{"class":58},[44,152739,1508],{"class":62},[44,152741,66],{"class":58},[44,152743,4874],{"class":62},[44,152745,66],{"class":58},[44,152747,143],{"class":62},[44,152749,973],{"class":58},[20,152751,118],{},[35,152753,152754],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152755,152756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152757,152758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152759,16425],{"class":62},[20,152761,152762,152763,1561,152765,16441,152767,152769,152770,86],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152764,63],{},[15,152766,472],{},[15,152768,1433],{},", but not ",[15,152771,96],{},[30,152773,152775],{"id":152774},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152777,152778,152779,1084],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152780,148445],{},[165,152782,152783,152791,152796,152803],{},[168,152784,152785,152786,152788,152789],{},"Do not confuse the ",[116,152787,1188],{}," with the ",[116,152790,35214],{},[168,152792,152793,152794],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152795,1491],{},[168,152797,148,152798,152802],{},[184,152799,148471,152800,718],{"href":148523},[15,152801,56659],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[168,152804,152805,152806,152808],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152807,152335],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152810,152811],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,152813,152815],{"className":37,"code":152814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152816,152817,152849,152853,152877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152818,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152820,35606],{"class":50},[44,152822,55],{"class":54},[44,152824,8615],{"class":58},[44,152826,279],{"class":278},[44,152828,3450],{"class":282},[44,152830,279],{"class":278},[44,152832,66],{"class":58},[44,152834,290],{"class":278},[44,152836,3459],{"class":282},[44,152838,279],{"class":278},[44,152840,66],{"class":58},[44,152842,290],{"class":278},[44,152844,32586],{"class":282},[44,152846,279],{"class":278},[44,152848,99],{"class":58},[44,152850,152851],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152852,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,152854,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152856,106],{"class":105},[44,152858,93],{"class":58},[44,152860,35658],{"class":89},[44,152862,86],{"class":58},[44,152864,35214],{"class":89},[44,152866,93],{"class":58},[44,152868,279],{"class":278},[44,152870,3459],{"class":282},[44,152872,279],{"class":278},[44,152874,4737],{"class":58},[44,152876,27147],{"class":3034},[44,152878,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,152880,106],{"class":105},[44,152882,93],{"class":58},[44,152884,35658],{"class":89},[44,152886,3270],{"class":58},[44,152888,63],{"class":62},[44,152890,19812],{"class":58},[44,152892,152893],{"class":3034},"               # banana\n",[20,152895,1550],{},[165,152897,152898,152902],{},[168,152899,152900,14617],{},[15,152901,64643],{},[168,152903,152904,152906],{},[15,152905,63],{}," is the index",[30,152908,1113],{"id":1112},[20,152910,105369,152911,1084],{},[15,152912,148445],{},[165,152914,152915,152918,152923,152928,152935],{},[168,152916,152917],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[168,152919,1129,152920,152922],{},[15,152921,58337],{}," to return all matching positions",[168,152924,152925,152926],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,152927,1491],{},[168,152929,152930,152931,3766,152933],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,152932,35441],{},[15,152934,52032],{},[168,152936,1138,152937,152939],{},[15,152938,148445],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[693,152941,60079],{"id":60078},[20,152943,93747],{},[35,152945,152947],{"className":37,"code":152946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,152948,152949,152959,152973,152988,153006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152950,152951,152953,152955,152957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152952,106],{"class":105},[44,152954,93],{"class":58},[44,152956,147258],{"class":89},[44,152958,99],{"class":58},[44,152960,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,152962,106],{"class":105},[44,152964,93],{"class":58},[44,152966,10537],{"class":105},[44,152968,93],{"class":58},[44,152970,147258],{"class":89},[44,152972,973],{"class":58},[44,152974,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152986],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152976,106],{"class":105},[44,152978,93],{"class":58},[44,152980,1819],{"class":89},[44,152982,3253],{"class":3246},[44,152984,152985],{"class":89}," my_tuple",[44,152987,99],{"class":58},[44,152989,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,152991,106],{"class":105},[44,152993,93],{"class":58},[44,152995,147258],{"class":89},[44,152997,86],{"class":58},[44,152999,40628],{"class":89},[44,153001,93],{"class":58},[44,153003,1188],{"class":89},[44,153005,973],{"class":58},[44,153007,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153009,106],{"class":105},[44,153011,93],{"class":58},[44,153013,147258],{"class":89},[44,153015,86],{"class":58},[44,153017,35214],{"class":89},[44,153019,93],{"class":58},[44,153021,1188],{"class":89},[44,153023,973],{"class":58},[20,153025,153026,153027,83764,153029,153031],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153028,40072],{},[15,153030,1188],{}," is missing.",[20,153033,128875],{},[35,153035,153037],{"className":37,"code":153036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153038,153039,153051,153069,153075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153040,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153042,6374],{"class":3246},[44,153044,20951],{"class":50},[44,153046,3253],{"class":54},[44,153048,152985],{"class":50},[44,153050,5770],{"class":58},[44,153052,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153054,7447],{"class":105},[44,153056,93],{"class":58},[44,153058,147258],{"class":89},[44,153060,86],{"class":58},[44,153062,35214],{"class":89},[44,153064,93],{"class":58},[44,153066,1188],{"class":89},[44,153068,973],{"class":58},[44,153070,153071,153073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153072,26801],{"class":3246},[44,153074,5770],{"class":58},[44,153076,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,153078,7447],{"class":105},[44,153080,93],{"class":58},[44,153082,279],{"class":278},[44,153084,152510],{"class":282},[44,153086,279],{"class":278},[44,153088,99],{"class":58},[30,153090,1235],{"id":1234},[693,153092,4516,153094,12088],{"id":153093},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153095,148445],{},[20,153097,153098],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[693,153100,153102],{"id":153101},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153104,153105,151972],{},[15,153106,148445],{},[693,153108,148424],{"id":148423},[20,153110,76226,153111,86],{},[15,153112,40072],{},[693,153114,153116],{"id":153115},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153118,153119,153120,3766,153122,153124],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153121,35441],{},[15,153123,52032],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[693,153126,14274,153128,56574,153130,1863],{"id":153127},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153129,148445],{},[15,153131,64234],{},[20,153133,153134],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,153136,1279],{"id":1278},[165,153138,153139,153145,153149,153154,153158],{},[168,153140,153141],{},[184,153142,148471,153143,718],{"href":148523},[15,153144,56659],{},[168,153146,153147],{},[184,153148,148913],{"href":152339},[168,153150,153151],{},[184,153152,153153],{"href":150219},"Creating a tuple in Python",[168,153155,153156],{},[184,153157,65208],{"href":65207},[168,153159,153160],{},[184,153161,150167],{"href":151977},[1304,153163,153164],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196,"children":153171},[153172],{"id":16763,"depth":102,"text":16764},{"id":102630,"depth":80,"text":102631},{"id":152314,"depth":80,"text":152315},{"id":64998,"depth":80,"text":64999},{"id":64775,"depth":80,"text":65558,"children":153177},[153178],{"id":152666,"depth":102,"text":152667},{"id":152774,"depth":80,"text":152775},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113,"children":153181},[153182],{"id":60078,"depth":102,"text":60079},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":153184},[153185,153187,153188,153189,153190],{"id":153093,"depth":102,"text":153186},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153101,"depth":102,"text":153102},{"id":148423,"depth":102,"text":148424},{"id":153115,"depth":102,"text":153116},{"id":153127,"depth":102,"text":153191},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151779,"description":153193},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153200,"title":153201,"body":153202,"description":154597,"extension":1334,"meta":154598,"navigation":322,"path":152339,"seo":154599,"stem":154600,"__hash__":154601},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153203,"toc":154579},[153204,153207,153210,153213,153227,153229,153232,153326,153336,153342,153346,153349,153352,153354,153372,153374,153445,153447,153464,153468,153472,153475,153492,153495,153510,153512,153603,153606,153610,153613,153630,153632,153727,153730,153733,153737,153740,153834,153836,153855,153858,153862,153865,153867,153922,153924,153959,153962,153976,153984,154077,154086,154090,154093,154100,154103,154150,154152,154160,154163,154214,154216,154233,154238,154242,154245,154248,154250,154301,154304,154359,154362,154365,154367,154370,154390,154392,154465,154468,154481,154483,154487,154492,154496,154501,154518,154522,154525,154542,154546,154549,154551,154576],[10,153205,153201],{"id":153206},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153208,153209],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153211,153212],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[165,153214,153215,153218,153221,153224],{},[168,153216,153217],{},"positive indexes",[168,153219,153220],{},"negative indexes",[168,153222,153223],{},"common indexing mistakes",[168,153225,153226],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,153228,2978],{"id":2977},[20,153230,153231],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,153233,153235],{"className":37,"code":153234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153236,153237,153269,153273,153290,153307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153238,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153240,271],{"class":50},[44,153242,55],{"class":54},[44,153244,8615],{"class":58},[44,153246,279],{"class":278},[44,153248,283],{"class":282},[44,153250,279],{"class":278},[44,153252,66],{"class":58},[44,153254,290],{"class":278},[44,153256,313],{"class":282},[44,153258,279],{"class":278},[44,153260,66],{"class":58},[44,153262,290],{"class":278},[44,153264,293],{"class":282},[44,153266,279],{"class":278},[44,153268,99],{"class":58},[44,153270,153271],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153272,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,153274,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153276,106],{"class":105},[44,153278,93],{"class":58},[44,153280,302],{"class":89},[44,153282,3270],{"class":58},[44,153284,1491],{"class":62},[44,153286,19812],{"class":58},[44,153288,153289],{"class":3034},"   # red\n",[44,153291,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,153293,106],{"class":105},[44,153295,93],{"class":58},[44,153297,302],{"class":89},[44,153299,3270],{"class":58},[44,153301,63],{"class":62},[44,153303,19812],{"class":58},[44,153305,153306],{"class":3034},"   # green\n",[44,153308,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153310,106],{"class":105},[44,153312,93],{"class":58},[44,153314,302],{"class":89},[44,153316,3270],{"class":58},[44,153318,1393],{"class":54},[44,153320,63],{"class":62},[44,153322,19812],{"class":58},[44,153324,153325],{"class":3034},"  # blue\n",[165,153327,153328,153333],{},[168,153329,131664,153330,153332],{},[15,153331,1491],{}," is the first item.",[168,153334,153335],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153337,153338,153339,86],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[184,153340,153341],{"href":147243},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,153343,153345],{"id":153344},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153347,153348],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153350,153351],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153353,220],{},[165,153355,153356,153359,153366,153369],{},[168,153357,153358],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[168,153360,153361,153362,18329,153364],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153363,1491],{},[15,153365,63],{},[168,153367,153368],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[168,153370,153371],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153373,894],{},[35,153375,153377],{"className":37,"code":153376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153378,153379,153399,153403,153417,153431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153380,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153382,51],{"class":50},[44,153384,55],{"class":54},[44,153386,8615],{"class":58},[44,153388,931],{"class":62},[44,153390,66],{"class":58},[44,153392,7168],{"class":62},[44,153394,66],{"class":58},[44,153396,7173],{"class":62},[44,153398,99],{"class":58},[44,153400,153401],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153402,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,153404,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153406,106],{"class":105},[44,153408,93],{"class":58},[44,153410,83],{"class":89},[44,153412,3270],{"class":58},[44,153414,1491],{"class":62},[44,153416,677],{"class":58},[44,153418,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,153420,106],{"class":105},[44,153422,93],{"class":58},[44,153424,83],{"class":89},[44,153426,3270],{"class":58},[44,153428,63],{"class":62},[44,153430,677],{"class":58},[44,153432,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153434,106],{"class":105},[44,153436,93],{"class":58},[44,153438,83],{"class":89},[44,153440,3270],{"class":58},[44,153442,472],{"class":62},[44,153444,677],{"class":58},[20,153446,118],{},[35,153448,153450],{"className":37,"code":153449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153451,153452,153456,153460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153453,153454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153455,1749],{"class":62},[44,153457,153458],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153459,70593],{"class":62},[44,153461,153462],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153463,69209],{"class":62},[20,153465,58762,153466,86],{},[184,153467,147240],{"href":147239},[30,153469,153471],{"id":153470},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153473,153474],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[165,153476,153477,153482,153487],{},[168,153478,153479,153481],{},[15,153480,1491],{}," = first item",[168,153483,153484,153486],{},[15,153485,63],{}," = second item",[168,153488,153489,153491],{},[15,153490,472],{}," = third item",[20,153493,153494],{},"Pattern:",[35,153496,153498],{"className":37,"code":153497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153499,153500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153501,153502,153504,153506,153508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153503,151995],{"class":50},[44,153505,3270],{"class":58},[44,153507,35214],{"class":50},[44,153509,3005],{"class":58},[20,153511,894],{},[35,153513,153515],{"className":37,"code":153514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153516,153517,153549,153553,153570,153586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153518,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543,153545,153547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153520,35606],{"class":50},[44,153522,55],{"class":54},[44,153524,8615],{"class":58},[44,153526,279],{"class":278},[44,153528,3450],{"class":282},[44,153530,279],{"class":278},[44,153532,66],{"class":58},[44,153534,290],{"class":278},[44,153536,3459],{"class":282},[44,153538,279],{"class":278},[44,153540,66],{"class":58},[44,153542,290],{"class":278},[44,153544,3468],{"class":282},[44,153546,279],{"class":278},[44,153548,99],{"class":58},[44,153550,153551],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153552,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,153554,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153556,106],{"class":105},[44,153558,93],{"class":58},[44,153560,35658],{"class":89},[44,153562,3270],{"class":58},[44,153564,1491],{"class":62},[44,153566,19812],{"class":58},[44,153568,153569],{"class":3034},"  # apple\n",[44,153571,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,153573,106],{"class":105},[44,153575,93],{"class":58},[44,153577,35658],{"class":89},[44,153579,3270],{"class":58},[44,153581,63],{"class":62},[44,153583,19812],{"class":58},[44,153585,50859],{"class":3034},[44,153587,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153589,106],{"class":105},[44,153591,93],{"class":58},[44,153593,35658],{"class":89},[44,153595,3270],{"class":58},[44,153597,472],{"class":62},[44,153599,19812],{"class":58},[44,153601,153602],{"class":3034},"  # cherry\n",[20,153604,153605],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,153607,153609],{"id":153608},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153611,153612],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[165,153614,153615,153620,153625],{},[168,153616,153617,153619],{},[15,153618,65223],{}," = last item",[168,153621,153622,153624],{},[15,153623,94777],{}," = second-to-last item",[168,153626,153627,153629],{},[15,153628,47042],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153631,894],{},[35,153633,153635],{"className":37,"code":153634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153636,153637,153669,153673,153691,153709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153638,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653,153655,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153640,35606],{"class":50},[44,153642,55],{"class":54},[44,153644,8615],{"class":58},[44,153646,279],{"class":278},[44,153648,3450],{"class":282},[44,153650,279],{"class":278},[44,153652,66],{"class":58},[44,153654,290],{"class":278},[44,153656,3459],{"class":282},[44,153658,279],{"class":278},[44,153660,66],{"class":58},[44,153662,290],{"class":278},[44,153664,3468],{"class":282},[44,153666,279],{"class":278},[44,153668,99],{"class":58},[44,153670,153671],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153672,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,153674,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153676,106],{"class":105},[44,153678,93],{"class":58},[44,153680,35658],{"class":89},[44,153682,3270],{"class":58},[44,153684,1393],{"class":54},[44,153686,63],{"class":62},[44,153688,19812],{"class":58},[44,153690,153602],{"class":3034},[44,153692,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705,153707],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,153694,106],{"class":105},[44,153696,93],{"class":58},[44,153698,35658],{"class":89},[44,153700,3270],{"class":58},[44,153702,1393],{"class":54},[44,153704,472],{"class":62},[44,153706,19812],{"class":58},[44,153708,50859],{"class":3034},[44,153710,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153712,106],{"class":105},[44,153714,93],{"class":58},[44,153716,35658],{"class":89},[44,153718,3270],{"class":58},[44,153720,1393],{"class":54},[44,153722,1433],{"class":62},[44,153724,19812],{"class":58},[44,153726,153569],{"class":3034},[20,153728,153729],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153731,153732],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,153734,153736],{"id":153735},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153738,153739],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,153741,153743],{"className":37,"code":153742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153744,153745,153777,153781,153798,153815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153746,153747,153749,153751,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153748,4368],{"class":50},[44,153750,55],{"class":54},[44,153752,8615],{"class":58},[44,153754,279],{"class":278},[44,153756,12253],{"class":282},[44,153758,279],{"class":278},[44,153760,66],{"class":58},[44,153762,290],{"class":278},[44,153764,35309],{"class":282},[44,153766,279],{"class":278},[44,153768,66],{"class":58},[44,153770,290],{"class":278},[44,153772,35318],{"class":282},[44,153774,279],{"class":278},[44,153776,99],{"class":58},[44,153778,153779],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153780,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,153782,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153784,106],{"class":105},[44,153786,93],{"class":58},[44,153788,4412],{"class":89},[44,153790,3270],{"class":58},[44,153792,1491],{"class":62},[44,153794,19812],{"class":58},[44,153796,153797],{"class":3034},"   # first item\n",[44,153799,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,153801,106],{"class":105},[44,153803,93],{"class":58},[44,153805,4412],{"class":89},[44,153807,3270],{"class":58},[44,153809,63],{"class":62},[44,153811,19812],{"class":58},[44,153813,153814],{"class":3034},"   # middle item\n",[44,153816,153817,153819,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829,153831],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153818,106],{"class":105},[44,153820,93],{"class":58},[44,153822,4412],{"class":89},[44,153824,3270],{"class":58},[44,153826,1393],{"class":54},[44,153828,63],{"class":62},[44,153830,19812],{"class":58},[44,153832,153833],{"class":3034},"  # last item\n",[20,153835,118],{},[35,153837,153839],{"className":37,"code":153838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153840,153841,153845,153850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153842,153843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153844,49412],{"class":50},[44,153846,153847],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153848,153849],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,153851,153852],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153853,153854],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,153856,153857],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,153859,153861],{"id":153860},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153863,153864],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153866,894],{},[35,153868,153870],{"className":37,"code":153869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,153871,153872,153904,153908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153873,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153875,546],{"class":50},[44,153877,55],{"class":54},[44,153879,8615],{"class":58},[44,153881,279],{"class":278},[44,153883,184],{"class":282},[44,153885,279],{"class":278},[44,153887,66],{"class":58},[44,153889,290],{"class":278},[44,153891,563],{"class":282},[44,153893,279],{"class":278},[44,153895,66],{"class":58},[44,153897,290],{"class":278},[44,153899,583],{"class":282},[44,153901,279],{"class":278},[44,153903,99],{"class":58},[44,153905,153906],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153907,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,153909,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153911,106],{"class":105},[44,153913,93],{"class":58},[44,153915,572],{"class":89},[44,153917,3270],{"class":58},[44,153919,1508],{"class":62},[44,153921,677],{"class":58},[20,153923,118],{},[35,153925,153927],{"className":37,"code":153926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,153928,153929,153941,153946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153930,153931,153934,153936,153939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153932,153933],{"class":89},"Traceback ",[44,153935,93],{"class":58},[44,153937,153938],{"class":89},"most recent call last",[44,153940,7720],{"class":58},[44,153942,153943],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,153944,153945],{"class":33819},"  ...\n",[44,153947,153948,153950,153952,153954,153957],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153949,70100],{"class":909},[44,153951,1084],{"class":58},[44,153953,148606],{"class":909},[44,153955,153956],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,153958,70292],{"class":105},[20,153960,153961],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[165,153963,153964,153968,153972],{},[168,153965,153966],{},[15,153967,1491],{},[168,153969,153970],{},[15,153971,63],{},[168,153973,153974],{},[15,153975,472],{},[20,153977,153978,153979,86],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[184,153980,153981,153983],{"href":148478},[15,153982,41730],{}," on a tuple",[35,153985,153987],{"className":37,"code":153986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,153988,153989,154021,154025,154041,154045,154063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153990,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153992,546],{"class":50},[44,153994,55],{"class":54},[44,153996,8615],{"class":58},[44,153998,279],{"class":278},[44,154000,184],{"class":282},[44,154002,279],{"class":278},[44,154004,66],{"class":58},[44,154006,290],{"class":278},[44,154008,563],{"class":282},[44,154010,279],{"class":278},[44,154012,66],{"class":58},[44,154014,290],{"class":278},[44,154016,583],{"class":282},[44,154018,279],{"class":278},[44,154020,99],{"class":58},[44,154022,154023],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154024,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,154026,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154028,106],{"class":105},[44,154030,93],{"class":58},[44,154032,10537],{"class":105},[44,154034,93],{"class":58},[44,154036,572],{"class":89},[44,154038,4737],{"class":58},[44,154040,50143],{"class":3034},[44,154042,154043],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,154044,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,154046,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,154048,6374],{"class":3246},[44,154050,37754],{"class":105},[44,154052,93],{"class":58},[44,154054,572],{"class":89},[44,154056,3031],{"class":58},[44,154058,37764],{"class":54},[44,154060,69],{"class":62},[44,154062,5770],{"class":58},[44,154064,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,154066,7447],{"class":105},[44,154068,93],{"class":58},[44,154070,572],{"class":89},[44,154072,3270],{"class":58},[44,154074,472],{"class":62},[44,154076,677],{"class":58},[20,154078,154079,154080,86],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[184,154081,25046,154083],{"href":154082},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154084,154085],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,154087,154089],{"id":154088},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154091,154092],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[165,154094,154095,154097],{},[168,154096,76243],{},[168,154098,154099],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154101,154102],{},"Indexing example:",[35,154104,154106],{"className":37,"code":154105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154107,154108,154132,154136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154109,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128,154130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154111,51],{"class":50},[44,154113,55],{"class":54},[44,154115,8615],{"class":58},[44,154117,931],{"class":62},[44,154119,66],{"class":58},[44,154121,7168],{"class":62},[44,154123,66],{"class":58},[44,154125,7173],{"class":62},[44,154127,66],{"class":58},[44,154129,50216],{"class":62},[44,154131,99],{"class":58},[44,154133,154134],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154135,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,154137,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154139,106],{"class":105},[44,154141,93],{"class":58},[44,154143,83],{"class":89},[44,154145,3270],{"class":58},[44,154147,63],{"class":62},[44,154149,677],{"class":58},[20,154151,118],{},[35,154153,154154],{"className":37,"code":70593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154155,154156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154157,154158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154159,70593],{"class":62},[20,154161,154162],{},"Slicing example:",[35,154164,154166],{"className":37,"code":154165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154167,154168,154192,154196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154169,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188,154190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154171,51],{"class":50},[44,154173,55],{"class":54},[44,154175,8615],{"class":58},[44,154177,931],{"class":62},[44,154179,66],{"class":58},[44,154181,7168],{"class":62},[44,154183,66],{"class":58},[44,154185,7173],{"class":62},[44,154187,66],{"class":58},[44,154189,50216],{"class":62},[44,154191,99],{"class":58},[44,154193,154194],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154195,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,154197,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154199,106],{"class":105},[44,154201,93],{"class":58},[44,154203,83],{"class":89},[44,154205,3270],{"class":58},[44,154207,63],{"class":62},[44,154209,1084],{"class":58},[44,154211,1433],{"class":62},[44,154213,677],{"class":58},[20,154215,118],{},[35,154217,154219],{"className":37,"code":154218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154220,154221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154222,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154224,93],{"class":58},[44,154226,15122],{"class":62},[44,154228,66],{"class":58},[44,154230,7173],{"class":62},[44,154232,99],{"class":58},[20,154234,154235,154236,86],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[184,154237,150157],{"href":150156},[30,154239,154241],{"id":154240},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154243,154244],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154246,154247],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154249,6064],{},[35,154251,154253],{"className":37,"code":154252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154254,154255,154287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154256,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154258,271],{"class":50},[44,154260,55],{"class":54},[44,154262,8615],{"class":58},[44,154264,279],{"class":278},[44,154266,283],{"class":282},[44,154268,279],{"class":278},[44,154270,66],{"class":58},[44,154272,290],{"class":278},[44,154274,313],{"class":282},[44,154276,279],{"class":278},[44,154278,66],{"class":58},[44,154280,290],{"class":278},[44,154282,293],{"class":282},[44,154284,279],{"class":278},[44,154286,99],{"class":58},[44,154288,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154290,106],{"class":105},[44,154292,93],{"class":58},[44,154294,302],{"class":89},[44,154296,3270],{"class":58},[44,154298,63],{"class":62},[44,154300,677],{"class":58},[20,154302,154303],{},"But this does not work:",[35,154305,154307],{"className":37,"code":154306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154308,154309,154341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154310,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154312,271],{"class":50},[44,154314,55],{"class":54},[44,154316,8615],{"class":58},[44,154318,279],{"class":278},[44,154320,283],{"class":282},[44,154322,279],{"class":278},[44,154324,66],{"class":58},[44,154326,290],{"class":278},[44,154328,313],{"class":282},[44,154330,279],{"class":278},[44,154332,66],{"class":58},[44,154334,290],{"class":278},[44,154336,293],{"class":282},[44,154338,279],{"class":278},[44,154340,99],{"class":58},[44,154342,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154344,302],{"class":50},[44,154346,3270],{"class":58},[44,154348,63],{"class":62},[44,154350,12644],{"class":58},[44,154352,12647],{"class":54},[44,154354,290],{"class":278},[44,154356,21891],{"class":282},[44,154358,2727],{"class":278},[20,154360,154361],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154363,154364],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,154366,1113],{"id":1112},[20,154368,154369],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[165,154371,154372,154378,154381,154384],{},[168,154373,131968,154374,1264,154376],{},[15,154375,63],{},[15,154377,1491],{},[168,154379,154380],{},"Using an index that is too large",[168,154382,154383],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[168,154385,154386,154387],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154388,154389],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154391,61663],{},[35,154393,154395],{"className":37,"code":154394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154396,154397,154407,154421,154435,154451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154398,154399,154401,154403,154405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154400,106],{"class":105},[44,154402,93],{"class":58},[44,154404,147258],{"class":89},[44,154406,99],{"class":58},[44,154408,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154410,106],{"class":105},[44,154412,93],{"class":58},[44,154414,10537],{"class":105},[44,154416,93],{"class":58},[44,154418,147258],{"class":89},[44,154420,973],{"class":58},[44,154422,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154424,106],{"class":105},[44,154426,93],{"class":58},[44,154428,147258],{"class":89},[44,154430,3270],{"class":58},[44,154432,1491],{"class":62},[44,154434,677],{"class":58},[44,154436,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,154438,106],{"class":105},[44,154440,93],{"class":58},[44,154442,147258],{"class":89},[44,154444,3270],{"class":58},[44,154446,1393],{"class":54},[44,154448,63],{"class":62},[44,154450,677],{"class":58},[44,154452,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,154454,106],{"class":105},[44,154456,93],{"class":58},[44,154458,1090],{"class":909},[44,154460,93],{"class":58},[44,154462,147258],{"class":89},[44,154464,973],{"class":58},[20,154466,154467],{},"These can help you confirm:",[165,154469,154470,154473,154475,154478],{},[168,154471,154472],{},"what the tuple contains",[168,154474,60153],{},[168,154476,154477],{},"what the first and last items are",[168,154479,154480],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,154482,1235],{"id":1234},[693,154484,154486],{"id":154485},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154488,154489,154490,86],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154491,1491],{},[693,154493,154495],{"id":154494},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154497,148,154498,154500],{},[15,154499,65223],{}," as the index:",[35,154502,154504],{"className":37,"code":154503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154505,154506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154507,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154509,147258],{"class":50},[44,154511,3270],{"class":58},[44,154513,1393],{"class":54},[44,154515,63],{"class":62},[44,154517,3005],{"class":58},[693,154519,154521],{"id":154520},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154523,154524],{},"Python raises:",[35,154526,154528],{"className":37,"code":154527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154529,154530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154531,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154533,70100],{"class":909},[44,154535,1084],{"class":58},[44,154537,148606],{"class":909},[44,154539,153956],{"class":50},[44,154541,70292],{"class":105},[693,154543,154545],{"id":154544},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154547,154548],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,154550,1279],{"id":1278},[165,154552,154553,154558,154562,154566,154572],{},[168,154554,154555],{},[184,154556,154557],{"href":147243},"How to create a tuple in Python",[168,154559,154560],{},[184,154561,150157],{"href":150156},[168,154563,154564],{},[184,154565,150162],{"href":148478},[168,154567,154568],{},[184,154569,25489,154570],{"href":154082},[15,154571,154085],{},[168,154573,154574],{},[184,154575,147240],{"href":147239},[1304,154577,154578],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":154580},[154581,154582,154583,154584,154585,154586,154587,154588,154589,154590,154596],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":153344,"depth":80,"text":153345},{"id":153470,"depth":80,"text":153471},{"id":153608,"depth":80,"text":153609},{"id":153735,"depth":80,"text":153736},{"id":153860,"depth":80,"text":153861},{"id":154088,"depth":80,"text":154089},{"id":154240,"depth":80,"text":154241},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":154591},[154592,154593,154594,154595],{"id":154485,"depth":102,"text":154486},{"id":154494,"depth":102,"text":154495},{"id":154520,"depth":102,"text":154521},{"id":154544,"depth":102,"text":154545},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153201,"description":154597},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154603,"title":154604,"body":154605,"description":156494,"extension":1334,"meta":156495,"navigation":322,"path":156496,"seo":156497,"stem":156498,"__hash__":156499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154606,"toc":156451},[154607,154613,154618,154669,154673,154681,154687,154689,154705,154707,154710,154725,154727,154740,154742,154799,154803,154811,154818,154824,154830,154834,154885,154889,154897,154901,154930,154934,154942,154946,154979,154983,154991,154995,154998,155049,155053,155061,155063,155080,155084,155088,155147,155151,155159,155162,155189,155193,155201,155205,155211,155286,155290,155327,155335,155339,155402,155406,155414,155419,155423,155429,155472,155476,155484,155490,155493,155540,155544,155552,155561,155567,155622,155626,155634,155637,155641,155643,155674,155678,155697,155700,155745,155749,155772,155778,155783,155785,155832,155837,155840,155888,155892,155900,155904,155909,155913,155963,155967,155982,155986,156044,156048,156063,156067,156138,156142,156151,156155,156234,156238,156260,156268,156270,156273,156298,156300,156353,156355,156372,156374,156378,156384,156389,156394,156398,156403,156407,156412,156418,156421,156423,156448],[10,154608,154610,154611,3031],{"id":154609},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154612,10537],{},[20,154614,148,154615,154617],{},[15,154616,41730],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,154619,154621],{"className":37,"code":154620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154622,154623,154655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154624,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649,154651,154653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154626,271],{"class":50},[44,154628,55],{"class":54},[44,154630,8615],{"class":58},[44,154632,279],{"class":278},[44,154634,283],{"class":282},[44,154636,279],{"class":278},[44,154638,66],{"class":58},[44,154640,290],{"class":278},[44,154642,313],{"class":282},[44,154644,279],{"class":278},[44,154646,66],{"class":58},[44,154648,290],{"class":278},[44,154650,293],{"class":282},[44,154652,279],{"class":278},[44,154654,99],{"class":58},[44,154656,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154658,106],{"class":105},[44,154660,93],{"class":58},[44,154662,10537],{"class":105},[44,154664,93],{"class":58},[44,154666,302],{"class":89},[44,154668,973],{"class":58},[20,154670,154671],{},[116,154672,118],{},[35,154674,154675],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154676,154677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154678,154679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154680,45988],{"class":62},[20,154682,148,154683,154686],{},[15,154684,154685],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,154688,14533],{"id":14532},[165,154690,154691,154696,154700,154703],{},[168,154692,3570,154693,154695],{},[15,154694,41730],{}," works with tuples",[168,154697,67627,154698,11078],{},[15,154699,41730],{},[168,154701,154702],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[168,154704,3892],{},[30,154706,196],{"id":195},[20,154708,154709],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,154711,154713],{"className":37,"code":154712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154714,154715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154716,154717,154719,154721,154723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154718,10537],{"class":105},[44,154720,93],{"class":58},[44,154722,147258],{"class":89},[44,154724,99],{"class":58},[20,154726,220],{},[165,154728,154729,154732,154735],{},[168,154730,154731],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[168,154733,154734],{},"The result is an integer",[168,154736,154737,154739],{},[15,154738,41730],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154741,894],{},[35,154743,154745],{"className":37,"code":154744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154746,154747,154771,154785,154789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154748,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154750,51],{"class":50},[44,154752,55],{"class":54},[44,154754,8615],{"class":58},[44,154756,931],{"class":62},[44,154758,66],{"class":58},[44,154760,7168],{"class":62},[44,154762,66],{"class":58},[44,154764,7173],{"class":62},[44,154766,66],{"class":58},[44,154768,50216],{"class":62},[44,154770,99],{"class":58},[44,154772,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154774,40610],{"class":50},[44,154776,55],{"class":54},[44,154778,37754],{"class":105},[44,154780,93],{"class":58},[44,154782,83],{"class":89},[44,154784,99],{"class":58},[44,154786,154787],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154788,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,154790,154791,154793,154795,154797],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,154792,106],{"class":105},[44,154794,93],{"class":58},[44,154796,40628],{"class":89},[44,154798,99],{"class":58},[20,154800,154801],{},[116,154802,118],{},[35,154804,154805],{"className":37,"code":48022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154806,154807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154808,154809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154810,48022],{"class":62},[20,154812,154813,154814,86],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[184,154815,2945,154816,2878],{"href":41727},[15,154817,41730],{},[30,154819,155,154821,154823],{"id":154820},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154822,41730],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154825,154826,154827,154829],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154828,41730],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[693,154831,154833],{"id":154832},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,154835,154837],{"className":37,"code":154836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154838,154839,154871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154840,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154842,35606],{"class":50},[44,154844,55],{"class":54},[44,154846,8615],{"class":58},[44,154848,279],{"class":278},[44,154850,3450],{"class":282},[44,154852,279],{"class":278},[44,154854,66],{"class":58},[44,154856,290],{"class":278},[44,154858,3459],{"class":282},[44,154860,279],{"class":278},[44,154862,66],{"class":58},[44,154864,290],{"class":278},[44,154866,32586],{"class":282},[44,154868,279],{"class":278},[44,154870,99],{"class":58},[44,154872,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154874,106],{"class":105},[44,154876,93],{"class":58},[44,154878,10537],{"class":105},[44,154880,93],{"class":58},[44,154882,35658],{"class":89},[44,154884,973],{"class":58},[20,154886,154887],{},[116,154888,118],{},[35,154890,154891],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154892,154893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154894,154895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154896,45988],{"class":62},[693,154898,154900],{"id":154899},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,154902,154904],{"className":37,"code":154903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,154905,154906,154915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154907,154908,154911,154913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154909,154910],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,154912,55],{"class":54},[44,154914,148582],{"class":58},[44,154916,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925,154928],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154918,106],{"class":105},[44,154920,93],{"class":58},[44,154922,10537],{"class":105},[44,154924,93],{"class":58},[44,154926,154927],{"class":89},"empty_tuple",[44,154929,973],{"class":58},[20,154931,154932],{},[116,154933,118],{},[35,154935,154936],{"className":37,"code":46623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154937,154938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154939,154940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154941,46623],{"class":62},[693,154943,154945],{"id":154944},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,154947,154949],{"className":37,"code":154948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,154950,154951,154964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154952,154953,154956,154958,154960,154962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154954,154955],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,154957,55],{"class":54},[44,154959,8615],{"class":58},[44,154961,1508],{"class":62},[44,154963,148596],{"class":58},[44,154965,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154977],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,154967,106],{"class":105},[44,154969,93],{"class":58},[44,154971,10537],{"class":105},[44,154973,93],{"class":58},[44,154975,154976],{"class":89},"single_value",[44,154978,973],{"class":58},[20,154980,154981],{},[116,154982,118],{},[35,154984,154985],{"className":37,"code":46288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154986,154987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154988,154989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154990,46288],{"class":62},[693,154992,154994],{"id":154993},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,154996,154997],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,154999,155001],{"className":37,"code":155000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155002,155003,155035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155004,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155006,8544],{"class":50},[44,155008,55],{"class":54},[44,155010,8615],{"class":58},[44,155012,63],{"class":62},[44,155014,66],{"class":58},[44,155016,8615],{"class":58},[44,155018,472],{"class":62},[44,155020,66],{"class":58},[44,155022,74],{"class":62},[44,155024,8612],{"class":58},[44,155026,2992],{"class":58},[44,155028,96],{"class":62},[44,155030,66],{"class":58},[44,155032,1064],{"class":62},[44,155034,677],{"class":58},[44,155036,155037,155039,155041,155043,155045,155047],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155038,106],{"class":105},[44,155040,93],{"class":58},[44,155042,10537],{"class":105},[44,155044,93],{"class":58},[44,155046,8583],{"class":89},[44,155048,973],{"class":58},[20,155050,155051],{},[116,155052,118],{},[35,155054,155055],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155056,155057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155058,155059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155060,45988],{"class":62},[20,155062,19323],{},[165,155064,155065,155070,155075],{},[168,155066,155067,155069],{},[15,155068,63],{}," is one item",[168,155071,155072,155069],{},[15,155073,155074],{},"(2, 3)",[168,155076,155077,155069],{},[15,155078,155079],{},"[4, 5]",[30,155081,155083],{"id":155082},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[693,155085,155087],{"id":155086},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,155089,155091],{"className":37,"code":155090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155092,155093,155133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155094,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155096,271],{"class":50},[44,155098,55],{"class":54},[44,155100,8615],{"class":58},[44,155102,279],{"class":278},[44,155104,283],{"class":282},[44,155106,279],{"class":278},[44,155108,66],{"class":58},[44,155110,290],{"class":278},[44,155112,313],{"class":282},[44,155114,279],{"class":278},[44,155116,66],{"class":58},[44,155118,290],{"class":278},[44,155120,293],{"class":282},[44,155122,279],{"class":278},[44,155124,66],{"class":58},[44,155126,290],{"class":278},[44,155128,21891],{"class":282},[44,155130,279],{"class":278},[44,155132,99],{"class":58},[44,155134,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155136,106],{"class":105},[44,155138,93],{"class":58},[44,155140,10537],{"class":105},[44,155142,93],{"class":58},[44,155144,302],{"class":89},[44,155146,973],{"class":58},[20,155148,155149],{},[116,155150,118],{},[35,155152,155153],{"className":37,"code":48022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155154,155155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155156,155157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155158,48022],{"class":62},[693,155160,154900],{"id":155161},"empty-tuple-1",[35,155163,155165],{"className":37,"code":155164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155166,155167,155175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155168,155169,155171,155173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155170,904],{"class":50},[44,155172,55],{"class":54},[44,155174,148582],{"class":58},[44,155176,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185,155187],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155178,106],{"class":105},[44,155180,93],{"class":58},[44,155182,10537],{"class":105},[44,155184,93],{"class":58},[44,155186,922],{"class":89},[44,155188,973],{"class":58},[20,155190,155191],{},[116,155192,118],{},[35,155194,155195],{"className":37,"code":46623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155196,155197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155198,155199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155200,46623],{"class":62},[693,155202,155204],{"id":155203},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155206,155207,155208,155210],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[116,155209,736],{}," always a tuple.",[35,155212,155214],{"className":37,"code":155213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155215,155216,155228,155240,155244,155258,155272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155217,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155219,1925],{"class":50},[44,155221,55],{"class":54},[44,155223,8615],{"class":58},[44,155225,1508],{"class":62},[44,155227,99],{"class":58},[44,155229,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155231,1953],{"class":50},[44,155233,55],{"class":54},[44,155235,8615],{"class":58},[44,155237,1508],{"class":62},[44,155239,148596],{"class":58},[44,155241,155242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155243,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,155245,155246,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,155247,106],{"class":105},[44,155249,93],{"class":58},[44,155251,1090],{"class":909},[44,155253,93],{"class":58},[44,155255,184],{"class":89},[44,155257,973],{"class":58},[44,155259,155260,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,155261,106],{"class":105},[44,155263,93],{"class":58},[44,155265,1090],{"class":909},[44,155267,93],{"class":58},[44,155269,563],{"class":89},[44,155271,973],{"class":58},[44,155273,155274,155276,155278,155280,155282,155284],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,155275,106],{"class":105},[44,155277,93],{"class":58},[44,155279,10537],{"class":105},[44,155281,93],{"class":58},[44,155283,563],{"class":89},[44,155285,973],{"class":58},[20,155287,155288],{},[116,155289,118],{},[35,155291,155293],{"className":37,"code":155292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155294,155295,155309,155323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155296,155297,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155298,2659],{"class":54},[44,155300,2662],{"class":1436},[44,155302,360],{"class":278},[44,155304,1560],{"class":282},[44,155306,351],{"class":278},[44,155308,2671],{"class":54},[44,155310,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155312,2659],{"class":54},[44,155314,2662],{"class":1436},[44,155316,360],{"class":278},[44,155318,48325],{"class":282},[44,155320,351],{"class":278},[44,155322,2671],{"class":54},[44,155324,155325],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155326,46288],{"class":62},[20,155328,155329,155330,3766,155333,86],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[184,155331,155332],{"href":147243},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[184,155334,148544],{"href":148543},[693,155336,155338],{"id":155337},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,155340,155342],{"className":37,"code":155341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155343,155344,155388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155345,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382,155384,155386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155347,58842],{"class":50},[44,155349,55],{"class":54},[44,155351,8615],{"class":58},[44,155353,279],{"class":278},[44,155355,3450],{"class":282},[44,155357,279],{"class":278},[44,155359,66],{"class":58},[44,155361,2992],{"class":58},[44,155363,63],{"class":62},[44,155365,66],{"class":58},[44,155367,69],{"class":62},[44,155369,17428],{"class":58},[44,155371,8615],{"class":58},[44,155373,279],{"class":278},[44,155375,1545],{"class":282},[44,155377,279],{"class":278},[44,155379,66],{"class":58},[44,155381,290],{"class":278},[44,155383,11118],{"class":282},[44,155385,279],{"class":278},[44,155387,973],{"class":58},[44,155389,155390,155392,155394,155396,155398,155400],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155391,106],{"class":105},[44,155393,93],{"class":58},[44,155395,10537],{"class":105},[44,155397,93],{"class":58},[44,155399,58895],{"class":89},[44,155401,973],{"class":58},[20,155403,155404],{},[116,155405,118],{},[35,155407,155408],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155409,155410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155411,155412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155413,45988],{"class":62},[20,155415,155416,155418],{},[15,155417,41730],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,155420,155422],{"id":155421},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[693,155424,155426,155428],{"id":155425},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155427,41730],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,155430,155432],{"className":37,"code":155431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155433,155434,155458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155435,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155437,3441],{"class":50},[44,155439,55],{"class":54},[44,155441,8615],{"class":58},[44,155443,279],{"class":278},[44,155445,62964],{"class":282},[44,155447,279],{"class":278},[44,155449,66],{"class":58},[44,155451,290],{"class":278},[44,155453,39],{"class":282},[44,155455,279],{"class":278},[44,155457,99],{"class":58},[44,155459,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468,155470],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155461,106],{"class":105},[44,155463,93],{"class":58},[44,155465,10537],{"class":105},[44,155467,93],{"class":58},[44,155469,3485],{"class":89},[44,155471,973],{"class":58},[20,155473,155474],{},[116,155475,118],{},[35,155477,155478],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155479,155480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155481,155482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155483,16425],{"class":62},[20,155485,155486,155487,155489],{},"This result is ",[15,155488,472],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155491,155492],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,155494,155496],{"className":37,"code":155495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155497,155498,155522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155499,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155501,3441],{"class":50},[44,155503,55],{"class":54},[44,155505,8615],{"class":58},[44,155507,279],{"class":278},[44,155509,62964],{"class":282},[44,155511,279],{"class":278},[44,155513,66],{"class":58},[44,155515,290],{"class":278},[44,155517,39],{"class":282},[44,155519,279],{"class":278},[44,155521,99],{"class":58},[44,155523,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155525,106],{"class":105},[44,155527,93],{"class":58},[44,155529,10537],{"class":105},[44,155531,93],{"class":58},[44,155533,3485],{"class":89},[44,155535,3270],{"class":58},[44,155537,1491],{"class":62},[44,155539,2368],{"class":58},[20,155541,155542],{},[116,155543,118],{},[35,155545,155546],{"className":37,"code":16425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155547,155548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155549,155550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155551,16425],{"class":62},[20,155553,20137,155554,155557,155558,86],{},[15,155555,155556],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155559,155560],{},"\"hi\"",[693,155562,155564,155566],{"id":155563},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155565,41730],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,155568,155570],{"className":37,"code":155569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155571,155572,155608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155573,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155575,3193],{"class":50},[44,155577,55],{"class":54},[44,155579,9372],{"class":58},[44,155581,63],{"class":62},[44,155583,66],{"class":58},[44,155585,69],{"class":62},[44,155587,8612],{"class":58},[44,155589,8615],{"class":58},[44,155591,1433],{"class":62},[44,155593,66],{"class":58},[44,155595,143],{"class":62},[44,155597,8612],{"class":58},[44,155599,8615],{"class":58},[44,155601,1508],{"class":62},[44,155603,66],{"class":58},[44,155605,37011],{"class":62},[44,155607,973],{"class":58},[44,155609,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155611,106],{"class":105},[44,155613,93],{"class":58},[44,155615,10537],{"class":105},[44,155617,93],{"class":58},[44,155619,4734],{"class":89},[44,155621,973],{"class":58},[20,155623,155624],{},[116,155625,118],{},[35,155627,155628],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155629,155630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155631,155632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155633,45988],{"class":62},[20,155635,155636],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[693,155638,155640],{"id":155639},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155642,25057],{},[35,155644,155646],{"className":37,"code":155645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155647,155648,155660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155649,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155651,1819],{"class":50},[44,155653,55],{"class":54},[44,155655,8615],{"class":58},[44,155657,931],{"class":62},[44,155659,99],{"class":58},[44,155661,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670,155672],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155663,106],{"class":105},[44,155665,93],{"class":58},[44,155667,1090],{"class":909},[44,155669,93],{"class":58},[44,155671,1188],{"class":89},[44,155673,973],{"class":58},[20,155675,155676],{},[116,155677,118],{},[35,155679,155681],{"className":37,"code":155680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155682,155683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155684,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155686,2659],{"class":54},[44,155688,2662],{"class":1436},[44,155690,360],{"class":278},[44,155692,1560],{"class":282},[44,155694,351],{"class":278},[44,155696,2671],{"class":54},[20,155698,155699],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,155701,155703],{"className":37,"code":155702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155704,155705,155717,155731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155706,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155708,1819],{"class":50},[44,155710,55],{"class":54},[44,155712,8615],{"class":58},[44,155714,931],{"class":62},[44,155716,148596],{"class":58},[44,155718,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155720,106],{"class":105},[44,155722,93],{"class":58},[44,155724,1090],{"class":909},[44,155726,93],{"class":58},[44,155728,1188],{"class":89},[44,155730,973],{"class":58},[44,155732,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155734,106],{"class":105},[44,155736,93],{"class":58},[44,155738,10537],{"class":105},[44,155740,93],{"class":58},[44,155742,1188],{"class":89},[44,155744,973],{"class":58},[20,155746,155747],{},[116,155748,118],{},[35,155750,155752],{"className":37,"code":155751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155753,155754,155768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155755,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764,155766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155757,2659],{"class":54},[44,155759,2662],{"class":1436},[44,155761,360],{"class":278},[44,155763,48325],{"class":282},[44,155765,351],{"class":278},[44,155767,2671],{"class":54},[44,155769,155770],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155771,46288],{"class":62},[693,155773,155775,155777],{"id":155774},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155776,10537],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155779,43799,155780,155782],{},[15,155781,10537],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155784,43830],{},[35,155786,155788],{"className":37,"code":155787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155789,155790,155798,155818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155791,155792,155794,155796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155793,10537],{"class":105},[44,155795,12647],{"class":54},[44,155797,1958],{"class":62},[44,155799,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155801,51],{"class":50},[44,155803,55],{"class":54},[44,155805,8615],{"class":58},[44,155807,63],{"class":62},[44,155809,66],{"class":58},[44,155811,69],{"class":62},[44,155813,66],{"class":58},[44,155815,74],{"class":62},[44,155817,99],{"class":58},[44,155819,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155821,106],{"class":105},[44,155823,93],{"class":58},[44,155825,10537],{"class":105},[44,155827,93],{"class":58},[44,155829,83],{"class":89},[44,155831,973],{"class":58},[20,155833,39022,155834,155836],{},[15,155835,10537],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155838,155839],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,155841,155843],{"className":37,"code":155842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155844,155845,155854,155874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155846,155847,155850,155852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155848,155849],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,155851,55],{"class":54},[44,155853,1958],{"class":62},[44,155855,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870,155872],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155857,51],{"class":50},[44,155859,55],{"class":54},[44,155861,8615],{"class":58},[44,155863,63],{"class":62},[44,155865,66],{"class":58},[44,155867,69],{"class":62},[44,155869,66],{"class":58},[44,155871,74],{"class":62},[44,155873,99],{"class":58},[44,155875,155876,155878,155880,155882,155884,155886],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155877,106],{"class":105},[44,155879,93],{"class":58},[44,155881,10537],{"class":105},[44,155883,93],{"class":58},[44,155885,83],{"class":89},[44,155887,973],{"class":58},[20,155889,155890],{},[116,155891,118],{},[35,155893,155894],{"className":37,"code":45988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155895,155896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155897,155898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155899,45988],{"class":62},[30,155901,155903],{"id":155902},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,155905,155906,155908],{},[15,155907,41730],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[693,155910,155912],{"id":155911},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,155914,155916],{"className":37,"code":155915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,155917,155918,155926,155930,155948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155919,155920,155922,155924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155921,904],{"class":50},[44,155923,55],{"class":54},[44,155925,148582],{"class":58},[44,155927,155928],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,155929,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,155931,155932,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155933,6374],{"class":3246},[44,155935,37754],{"class":105},[44,155937,93],{"class":58},[44,155939,922],{"class":89},[44,155941,3031],{"class":58},[44,155943,5785],{"class":54},[44,155945,3204],{"class":62},[44,155947,5770],{"class":58},[44,155949,155950,155952,155954,155956,155959,155961],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,155951,7447],{"class":105},[44,155953,93],{"class":58},[44,155955,279],{"class":278},[44,155957,155958],{"class":282},"The tuple is empty",[44,155960,279],{"class":278},[44,155962,99],{"class":58},[20,155964,155965],{},[116,155966,118],{},[35,155968,155970],{"className":37,"code":155969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,155971,155972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155973,155974,155976,155978,155980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155975,1351],{"class":50},[44,155977,48325],{"class":909},[44,155979,7474],{"class":54},[44,155981,7480],{"class":50},[693,155983,155985],{"id":155984},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,155987,155989],{"className":37,"code":155988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,155990,155991,156007,156011,156029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155992,155993,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155994,50758],{"class":50},[44,155996,55],{"class":54},[44,155998,8615],{"class":58},[44,156000,96],{"class":62},[44,156002,66],{"class":58},[44,156004,5370],{"class":62},[44,156006,99],{"class":58},[44,156008,156009],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156010,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,156012,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156014,6374],{"class":3246},[44,156016,37754],{"class":105},[44,156018,93],{"class":58},[44,156020,50783],{"class":89},[44,156022,3031],{"class":58},[44,156024,5785],{"class":54},[44,156026,69],{"class":62},[44,156028,5770],{"class":58},[44,156030,156031,156033,156035,156037,156040,156042],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,156032,7447],{"class":105},[44,156034,93],{"class":58},[44,156036,279],{"class":278},[44,156038,156039],{"class":282},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,156041,279],{"class":278},[44,156043,99],{"class":58},[20,156045,156046],{},[116,156047,118],{},[35,156049,156051],{"className":37,"code":156050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156052,156053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156054,156055,156058,156060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156056,156057],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,156059,66],{"class":58},[44,156061,156062],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[693,156064,156066],{"id":156065},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,156068,156070],{"className":37,"code":156069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156071,156072,156101,156105,156123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156073,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156097,156099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156075,10860],{"class":50},[44,156077,55],{"class":54},[44,156079,8615],{"class":58},[44,156081,279],{"class":278},[44,156083,12253],{"class":282},[44,156085,279],{"class":278},[44,156087,66],{"class":58},[44,156089,8684],{"class":62},[44,156091,66],{"class":58},[44,156093,290],{"class":278},[44,156095,156096],{"class":282},"Canada",[44,156098,279],{"class":278},[44,156100,99],{"class":58},[44,156102,156103],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156104,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,156106,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156108,6374],{"class":3246},[44,156110,37754],{"class":105},[44,156112,93],{"class":58},[44,156114,10954],{"class":89},[44,156116,3031],{"class":58},[44,156118,5785],{"class":54},[44,156120,74],{"class":62},[44,156122,5770],{"class":58},[44,156124,156125,156127,156129,156131,156134,156136],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,156126,7447],{"class":105},[44,156128,93],{"class":58},[44,156130,279],{"class":278},[44,156132,156133],{"class":282},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,156135,279],{"class":278},[44,156137,99],{"class":58},[20,156139,156140],{},[116,156141,118],{},[35,156143,156145],{"className":37,"code":156144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156146,156147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156148,156149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156150,156144],{"class":50},[693,156152,156154],{"id":156153},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,156156,156158],{"className":37,"code":156157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156159,156160,156192,156196,156216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156161,156162,156164,156166,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156163,546],{"class":50},[44,156165,55],{"class":54},[44,156167,8615],{"class":58},[44,156169,279],{"class":278},[44,156171,184],{"class":282},[44,156173,279],{"class":278},[44,156175,66],{"class":58},[44,156177,290],{"class":278},[44,156179,563],{"class":282},[44,156181,279],{"class":278},[44,156183,66],{"class":58},[44,156185,290],{"class":278},[44,156187,583],{"class":282},[44,156189,279],{"class":278},[44,156191,99],{"class":58},[44,156193,156194],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156195,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,156197,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156199,5334],{"class":3246},[44,156201,68917],{"class":50},[44,156203,3253],{"class":3246},[44,156205,53441],{"class":105},[44,156207,93],{"class":58},[44,156209,10537],{"class":105},[44,156211,93],{"class":58},[44,156213,572],{"class":89},[44,156215,68932],{"class":58},[44,156217,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,156219,7447],{"class":105},[44,156221,93],{"class":58},[44,156223,35521],{"class":89},[44,156225,66],{"class":58},[44,156227,69465],{"class":89},[44,156229,3270],{"class":58},[44,156231,35521],{"class":89},[44,156233,677],{"class":58},[20,156235,156236],{},[116,156237,118],{},[35,156239,156240],{"className":37,"code":35533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156241,156242,156248,156254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156243,156244,156246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156245,1491],{"class":62},[44,156247,35542],{"class":50},[44,156249,156250,156252],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156251,63],{"class":62},[44,156253,35549],{"class":50},[44,156255,156256,156258],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156257,472],{"class":62},[44,156259,35556],{"class":50},[20,156261,156262,156263,156265,156266,86],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[184,156264,148913],{"href":148912},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[184,156267,150157],{"href":150156},[30,156269,1113],{"id":1112},[20,156271,156272],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[165,156274,156275,156283,156290,156295],{},[168,156276,156277,156278,1264,156281],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156279,156280],{},"(5)",[15,156282,148747],{},[168,156284,1123,156285,156287,156288],{},[15,156286,10537],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156289,41730],{},[168,156291,1129,156292,156294],{},[15,156293,41730],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[168,156296,156297],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156299,31448],{},[35,156301,156303],{"className":37,"code":156302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156304,156305,156315,156329,156343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156306,156307,156309,156311,156313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156308,106],{"class":105},[44,156310,93],{"class":58},[44,156312,147258],{"class":89},[44,156314,99],{"class":58},[44,156316,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156318,106],{"class":105},[44,156320,93],{"class":58},[44,156322,1090],{"class":909},[44,156324,93],{"class":58},[44,156326,147258],{"class":89},[44,156328,973],{"class":58},[44,156330,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156332,106],{"class":105},[44,156334,93],{"class":58},[44,156336,10537],{"class":105},[44,156338,93],{"class":58},[44,156340,147258],{"class":89},[44,156342,973],{"class":58},[44,156344,156345,156347,156349,156351],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,156346,1209],{"class":105},[44,156348,93],{"class":58},[44,156350,10537],{"class":105},[44,156352,99],{"class":58},[20,156354,154467],{},[165,156356,156357,156360,156363,156367],{},[168,156358,156359],{},"what value you are using",[168,156361,156362],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[168,156364,25386,156365,11078],{},[15,156366,41730],{},[168,156368,122631,156369,156371],{},[15,156370,41730],{}," is documented in Python",[30,156373,1235],{"id":1234},[693,156375,156377],{"id":156376},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156379,148,156380,156383],{},[15,156381,156382],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[693,156385,1239,156387,148417],{"id":156386},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156388,41730],{},[20,156390,45736,156391,156393],{},[15,156392,41730],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[693,156395,156397],{"id":156396},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156399,156400,156401,86],{},"The length is ",[15,156402,1491],{},[693,156404,156406],{"id":156405},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156408,150103,156409,156411],{},[15,156410,150106],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[693,156413,1239,156415,156417],{"id":156414},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156416,41730],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156419,156420],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,156422,1279],{"id":1278},[165,156424,156425,156431,156435,156439,156443],{},[168,156426,156427],{},[184,156428,2945,156429,2878],{"href":41727},[15,156430,41730],{},[168,156432,156433],{},[184,156434,155332],{"href":147243},[168,156436,156437],{},[184,156438,148913],{"href":148912},[168,156440,156441],{},[184,156442,150157],{"href":150156},[168,156444,156445],{},[184,156446,156447],{"href":148543},"What is a tuple in Python",[1304,156449,156450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":156452},[156453,156454,156455,156462,156468,156477,156483,156484,156493],{"id":14532,"depth":80,"text":14533},{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":154820,"depth":80,"text":156456,"children":156457},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156458,156459,156460,156461],{"id":154832,"depth":102,"text":154833},{"id":154899,"depth":102,"text":154900},{"id":154944,"depth":102,"text":154945},{"id":154993,"depth":102,"text":154994},{"id":155082,"depth":80,"text":155083,"children":156463},[156464,156465,156466,156467],{"id":155086,"depth":102,"text":155087},{"id":155161,"depth":102,"text":154900},{"id":155203,"depth":102,"text":155204},{"id":155337,"depth":102,"text":155338},{"id":155421,"depth":80,"text":155422,"children":156469},[156470,156472,156474,156475],{"id":155425,"depth":102,"text":156471},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155563,"depth":102,"text":156473},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155639,"depth":102,"text":155640},{"id":155774,"depth":102,"text":156476},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":155902,"depth":80,"text":155903,"children":156478},[156479,156480,156481,156482],{"id":155911,"depth":102,"text":155912},{"id":155984,"depth":102,"text":155985},{"id":156065,"depth":102,"text":156066},{"id":156153,"depth":102,"text":156154},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":156485},[156486,156487,156489,156490,156491],{"id":156376,"depth":102,"text":156377},{"id":156386,"depth":102,"text":156488},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156396,"depth":102,"text":156397},{"id":156405,"depth":102,"text":156406},{"id":156414,"depth":102,"text":156492},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154604,"description":156494},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156501,"title":156502,"body":156503,"description":158888,"extension":1334,"meta":158889,"navigation":322,"path":158890,"seo":158891,"stem":158892,"__hash__":158893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156504,"toc":158849},[156505,156508,156511,156514,156537,156543,156545,156656,156660,156663,156673,156675,156774,156776,156853,156859,156863,156866,156889,156892,156909,156912,156914,156977,156979,156996,157007,157012,157014,157017,157023,157074,157076,157096,157100,157151,157153,157174,157178,157233,157235,157256,157260,157315,157317,157338,157342,157395,157397,157426,157428,157430,157433,157437,157494,157496,157517,157521,157574,157576,157601,157606,157610,157615,157633,157636,157699,157701,157722,157725,157786,157788,157809,157812,157855,157858,157862,157867,157871,157950,157952,157983,157987,158062,158064,158091,158095,158142,158144,158152,158157,158161,158164,158179,158181,158269,158271,158296,158299,158342,158351,158353,158356,158371,158374,158378,158432,158434,158454,158459,158463,158465,158503,158506,158556,158560,158633,158635,158672,158675,158677,158680,158700,158703,158772,158774,158787,158789,158793,158796,158800,158803,158808,158811,158817,158822,158824,158846],[10,156506,156502],{"id":156507},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156509,156510],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156512,156513],{},"Use this format:",[35,156515,156517],{"className":37,"code":156516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156518,156519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156520,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156522,48325],{"class":50},[44,156524,3270],{"class":58},[44,156526,35441],{"class":50},[44,156528,1084],{"class":58},[44,156530,74794],{"class":50},[44,156532,1084],{"class":58},[44,156534,74797],{"class":50},[44,156536,3005],{"class":58},[20,156538,1351,156539,74830,156541,86],{},[15,156540,74794],{},[116,156542,64438],{},[30,156544,33],{"id":32},[35,156546,156548],{"className":37,"code":156547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156549,156550,156578,156582,156603,156620,156637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156551,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156553,51],{"class":50},[44,156555,55],{"class":54},[44,156557,8615],{"class":58},[44,156559,931],{"class":62},[44,156561,66],{"class":58},[44,156563,7168],{"class":62},[44,156565,66],{"class":58},[44,156567,7173],{"class":62},[44,156569,66],{"class":58},[44,156571,50216],{"class":62},[44,156573,66],{"class":58},[44,156575,4454],{"class":62},[44,156577,99],{"class":58},[44,156579,156580],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156581,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,156583,156584,156586,156588,156590,156592,156594,156596,156598,156600],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156585,106],{"class":105},[44,156587,93],{"class":58},[44,156589,83],{"class":89},[44,156591,3270],{"class":58},[44,156593,63],{"class":62},[44,156595,1084],{"class":58},[44,156597,96],{"class":62},[44,156599,19812],{"class":58},[44,156601,156602],{"class":3034},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,156604,156605,156607,156609,156611,156613,156615,156617],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,156606,106],{"class":105},[44,156608,93],{"class":58},[44,156610,83],{"class":89},[44,156612,74903],{"class":58},[44,156614,1433],{"class":62},[44,156616,19812],{"class":58},[44,156618,156619],{"class":3034},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,156621,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630,156632,156634],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,156623,106],{"class":105},[44,156625,93],{"class":58},[44,156627,83],{"class":89},[44,156629,73490],{"class":58},[44,156631,472],{"class":62},[44,156633,19812],{"class":58},[44,156635,156636],{"class":3034},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,156638,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156653],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,156640,106],{"class":105},[44,156642,93],{"class":58},[44,156644,83],{"class":89},[44,156646,73490],{"class":58},[44,156648,1393],{"class":54},[44,156650,63],{"class":62},[44,156652,19812],{"class":58},[44,156654,156655],{"class":3034},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,156657,156659],{"id":156658},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156661,156662],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[165,156664,156665,156667,156670],{},[168,156666,75097],{},[168,156668,156669],{},"The result is a new tuple",[168,156671,156672],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156674,894],{},[35,156676,156678],{"className":37,"code":156677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156679,156680,156728,156732,156750,156754,156764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156681,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722,156724,156726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156683,546],{"class":50},[44,156685,55],{"class":54},[44,156687,8615],{"class":58},[44,156689,279],{"class":278},[44,156691,184],{"class":282},[44,156693,279],{"class":278},[44,156695,66],{"class":58},[44,156697,290],{"class":278},[44,156699,563],{"class":282},[44,156701,279],{"class":278},[44,156703,66],{"class":58},[44,156705,290],{"class":278},[44,156707,583],{"class":282},[44,156709,279],{"class":278},[44,156711,66],{"class":58},[44,156713,290],{"class":278},[44,156715,663],{"class":282},[44,156717,279],{"class":278},[44,156719,66],{"class":58},[44,156721,290],{"class":278},[44,156723,672],{"class":282},[44,156725,279],{"class":278},[44,156727,99],{"class":58},[44,156729,156730],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156731,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,156733,156734,156736,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156735,75027],{"class":50},[44,156737,55],{"class":54},[44,156739,69465],{"class":50},[44,156741,3270],{"class":58},[44,156743,63],{"class":62},[44,156745,1084],{"class":58},[44,156747,96],{"class":62},[44,156749,3005],{"class":58},[44,156751,156752],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,156753,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,156755,156756,156758,156760,156762],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,156757,106],{"class":105},[44,156759,93],{"class":58},[44,156761,75050],{"class":89},[44,156763,99],{"class":58},[44,156765,156766,156768,156770,156772],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,156767,106],{"class":105},[44,156769,93],{"class":58},[44,156771,572],{"class":89},[44,156773,99],{"class":58},[20,156775,118],{},[35,156777,156779],{"className":37,"code":156778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156780,156781,156809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156782,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156784,93],{"class":58},[44,156786,351],{"class":278},[44,156788,563],{"class":282},[44,156790,351],{"class":278},[44,156792,66],{"class":58},[44,156794,360],{"class":278},[44,156796,583],{"class":282},[44,156798,351],{"class":278},[44,156800,66],{"class":58},[44,156802,360],{"class":278},[44,156804,663],{"class":282},[44,156806,351],{"class":278},[44,156808,99],{"class":58},[44,156810,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156812,93],{"class":58},[44,156814,351],{"class":278},[44,156816,184],{"class":282},[44,156818,351],{"class":278},[44,156820,66],{"class":58},[44,156822,360],{"class":278},[44,156824,563],{"class":282},[44,156826,351],{"class":278},[44,156828,66],{"class":58},[44,156830,360],{"class":278},[44,156832,583],{"class":282},[44,156834,351],{"class":278},[44,156836,66],{"class":58},[44,156838,360],{"class":278},[44,156840,663],{"class":282},[44,156842,351],{"class":278},[44,156844,66],{"class":58},[44,156846,360],{"class":278},[44,156848,672],{"class":282},[44,156850,351],{"class":278},[44,156852,99],{"class":58},[20,156854,156855,156856,86],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[184,156857,147240],{"href":156858},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,156860,156862],{"id":156861},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156864,156865],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,156867,156869],{"className":37,"code":156868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156870,156871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156872,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881,156883,156885,156887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156874,147258],{"class":50},[44,156876,3270],{"class":58},[44,156878,35441],{"class":50},[44,156880,1084],{"class":58},[44,156882,74794],{"class":50},[44,156884,1084],{"class":58},[44,156886,74797],{"class":50},[44,156888,3005],{"class":58},[20,156890,156891],{},"Each part has a job:",[165,156893,156894,156899,156904],{},[168,156895,156896,156898],{},[15,156897,35441],{},": where slicing begins",[168,156900,156901,156903],{},[15,156902,74794],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[168,156905,156906,156908],{},[15,156907,74797],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,156910,156911],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,156913,894],{},[35,156915,156917],{"className":37,"code":156916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,156918,156919,156951,156955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156920,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156922,51],{"class":50},[44,156924,55],{"class":54},[44,156926,8615],{"class":58},[44,156928,931],{"class":62},[44,156930,66],{"class":58},[44,156932,7168],{"class":62},[44,156934,66],{"class":58},[44,156936,7173],{"class":62},[44,156938,66],{"class":58},[44,156940,50216],{"class":62},[44,156942,66],{"class":58},[44,156944,4454],{"class":62},[44,156946,66],{"class":58},[44,156948,75468],{"class":62},[44,156950,99],{"class":58},[44,156952,156953],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,156954,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,156956,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969,156971,156973,156975],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156958,106],{"class":105},[44,156960,93],{"class":58},[44,156962,83],{"class":89},[44,156964,3270],{"class":58},[44,156966,63],{"class":62},[44,156968,1084],{"class":58},[44,156970,1508],{"class":62},[44,156972,1084],{"class":58},[44,156974,472],{"class":62},[44,156976,677],{"class":58},[20,156978,118],{},[35,156980,156982],{"className":37,"code":156981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,156983,156984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156985,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156987,93],{"class":58},[44,156989,15122],{"class":62},[44,156991,66],{"class":58},[44,156993,50216],{"class":62},[44,156995,99],{"class":58},[20,156997,156998,156999,157001,157002,157004,157005,86],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157000,63],{},", stops before index ",[15,157003,1508],{},", and moves by ",[15,157006,472],{},[20,157008,157009,157010,86],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[184,157011,148913],{"href":152339},[30,157013,75384],{"id":75383},[20,157015,157016],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[693,157018,157020,157021,5342],{"id":157019},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157022,75398],{},[35,157024,157026],{"className":37,"code":157025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157027,157028,157056,157060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157029,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157031,51],{"class":50},[44,157033,55],{"class":54},[44,157035,8615],{"class":58},[44,157037,931],{"class":62},[44,157039,66],{"class":58},[44,157041,7168],{"class":62},[44,157043,66],{"class":58},[44,157045,7173],{"class":62},[44,157047,66],{"class":58},[44,157049,50216],{"class":62},[44,157051,66],{"class":58},[44,157053,4454],{"class":62},[44,157055,99],{"class":58},[44,157057,157058],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157059,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157061,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157063,106],{"class":105},[44,157065,93],{"class":58},[44,157067,83],{"class":89},[44,157069,74903],{"class":58},[44,157071,1433],{"class":62},[44,157073,677],{"class":58},[20,157075,118],{},[35,157077,157078],{"className":37,"code":150605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157079,157080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157081,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157083,93],{"class":58},[44,157085,931],{"class":62},[44,157087,66],{"class":58},[44,157089,7168],{"class":62},[44,157091,66],{"class":58},[44,157093,7173],{"class":62},[44,157095,99],{"class":58},[693,157097,157099],{"id":157098},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,157101,157103],{"className":37,"code":157102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157104,157105,157133,157137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157106,157107,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129,157131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157108,51],{"class":50},[44,157110,55],{"class":54},[44,157112,8615],{"class":58},[44,157114,931],{"class":62},[44,157116,66],{"class":58},[44,157118,7168],{"class":62},[44,157120,66],{"class":58},[44,157122,7173],{"class":62},[44,157124,66],{"class":58},[44,157126,50216],{"class":62},[44,157128,66],{"class":58},[44,157130,4454],{"class":62},[44,157132,99],{"class":58},[44,157134,157135],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157136,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157138,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157140,106],{"class":105},[44,157142,93],{"class":58},[44,157144,83],{"class":89},[44,157146,3270],{"class":58},[44,157148,472],{"class":62},[44,157150,77084],{"class":58},[20,157152,118],{},[35,157154,157156],{"className":37,"code":157155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157157,157158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157159,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157161,93],{"class":58},[44,157163,36209],{"class":62},[44,157165,66],{"class":58},[44,157167,50216],{"class":62},[44,157169,66],{"class":58},[44,157171,4454],{"class":62},[44,157173,99],{"class":58},[693,157175,157177],{"id":157176},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,157179,157181],{"className":37,"code":157180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157182,157183,157211,157215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157184,157185,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157186,51],{"class":50},[44,157188,55],{"class":54},[44,157190,8615],{"class":58},[44,157192,931],{"class":62},[44,157194,66],{"class":58},[44,157196,7168],{"class":62},[44,157198,66],{"class":58},[44,157200,7173],{"class":62},[44,157202,66],{"class":58},[44,157204,50216],{"class":62},[44,157206,66],{"class":58},[44,157208,4454],{"class":62},[44,157210,99],{"class":58},[44,157212,157213],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157214,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157216,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157218,106],{"class":105},[44,157220,93],{"class":58},[44,157222,83],{"class":89},[44,157224,3270],{"class":58},[44,157226,63],{"class":62},[44,157228,1084],{"class":58},[44,157230,96],{"class":62},[44,157232,677],{"class":58},[20,157234,118],{},[35,157236,157238],{"className":37,"code":157237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157239,157240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157241,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157243,93],{"class":58},[44,157245,15122],{"class":62},[44,157247,66],{"class":58},[44,157249,7173],{"class":62},[44,157251,66],{"class":58},[44,157253,50216],{"class":62},[44,157255,99],{"class":58},[693,157257,157259],{"id":157258},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,157261,157263],{"className":37,"code":157262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157264,157265,157297,157301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157266,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157268,51],{"class":50},[44,157270,55],{"class":54},[44,157272,8615],{"class":58},[44,157274,931],{"class":62},[44,157276,66],{"class":58},[44,157278,7168],{"class":62},[44,157280,66],{"class":58},[44,157282,7173],{"class":62},[44,157284,66],{"class":58},[44,157286,50216],{"class":62},[44,157288,66],{"class":58},[44,157290,4454],{"class":62},[44,157292,66],{"class":58},[44,157294,75468],{"class":62},[44,157296,99],{"class":58},[44,157298,157299],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157300,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157302,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157304,106],{"class":105},[44,157306,93],{"class":58},[44,157308,83],{"class":89},[44,157310,73490],{"class":58},[44,157312,472],{"class":62},[44,157314,677],{"class":58},[20,157316,118],{},[35,157318,157320],{"className":37,"code":157319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157321,157322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157323,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157325,93],{"class":58},[44,157327,931],{"class":62},[44,157329,66],{"class":58},[44,157331,7173],{"class":62},[44,157333,66],{"class":58},[44,157335,4454],{"class":62},[44,157337,99],{"class":58},[693,157339,157341],{"id":157340},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,157343,157345],{"className":37,"code":157344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157346,157347,157375,157379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157348,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157350,51],{"class":50},[44,157352,55],{"class":54},[44,157354,8615],{"class":58},[44,157356,931],{"class":62},[44,157358,66],{"class":58},[44,157360,7168],{"class":62},[44,157362,66],{"class":58},[44,157364,7173],{"class":62},[44,157366,66],{"class":58},[44,157368,50216],{"class":62},[44,157370,66],{"class":58},[44,157372,4454],{"class":62},[44,157374,99],{"class":58},[44,157376,157377],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157378,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157380,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157382,106],{"class":105},[44,157384,93],{"class":58},[44,157386,83],{"class":89},[44,157388,73490],{"class":58},[44,157390,1393],{"class":54},[44,157392,63],{"class":62},[44,157394,677],{"class":58},[20,157396,118],{},[35,157398,157400],{"className":37,"code":157399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157401,157402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157403,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157405,93],{"class":58},[44,157407,76162],{"class":62},[44,157409,66],{"class":58},[44,157411,50216],{"class":62},[44,157413,66],{"class":58},[44,157415,7173],{"class":62},[44,157417,66],{"class":58},[44,157419,7168],{"class":62},[44,157421,66],{"class":58},[44,157423,5381],{"class":62},[44,157425,99],{"class":58},[30,157427,75678],{"id":75677},[20,157429,153612],{},[20,157431,157432],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[693,157434,157436],{"id":157435},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,157438,157440],{"className":37,"code":157439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157441,157442,157474,157478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157443,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157445,51],{"class":50},[44,157447,55],{"class":54},[44,157449,8615],{"class":58},[44,157451,931],{"class":62},[44,157453,66],{"class":58},[44,157455,7168],{"class":62},[44,157457,66],{"class":58},[44,157459,7173],{"class":62},[44,157461,66],{"class":58},[44,157463,50216],{"class":62},[44,157465,66],{"class":58},[44,157467,4454],{"class":62},[44,157469,66],{"class":58},[44,157471,75468],{"class":62},[44,157473,99],{"class":58},[44,157475,157476],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157477,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157479,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157481,106],{"class":105},[44,157483,93],{"class":58},[44,157485,83],{"class":89},[44,157487,3270],{"class":58},[44,157489,1393],{"class":54},[44,157491,1433],{"class":62},[44,157493,77084],{"class":58},[20,157495,118],{},[35,157497,157499],{"className":37,"code":157498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157500,157501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157502,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157504,93],{"class":58},[44,157506,56061],{"class":62},[44,157508,66],{"class":58},[44,157510,4454],{"class":62},[44,157512,66],{"class":58},[44,157514,75468],{"class":62},[44,157516,99],{"class":58},[693,157518,157520],{"id":157519},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,157522,157524],{"className":37,"code":157523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157525,157526,157554,157558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157527,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157529,51],{"class":50},[44,157531,55],{"class":54},[44,157533,8615],{"class":58},[44,157535,931],{"class":62},[44,157537,66],{"class":58},[44,157539,7168],{"class":62},[44,157541,66],{"class":58},[44,157543,7173],{"class":62},[44,157545,66],{"class":58},[44,157547,50216],{"class":62},[44,157549,66],{"class":58},[44,157551,4454],{"class":62},[44,157553,99],{"class":58},[44,157555,157556],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157557,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157559,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157561,106],{"class":105},[44,157563,93],{"class":58},[44,157565,83],{"class":89},[44,157567,74903],{"class":58},[44,157569,1393],{"class":54},[44,157571,63],{"class":62},[44,157573,677],{"class":58},[20,157575,118],{},[35,157577,157579],{"className":37,"code":157578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157580,157581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157582,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157584,93],{"class":58},[44,157586,931],{"class":62},[44,157588,66],{"class":58},[44,157590,7168],{"class":62},[44,157592,66],{"class":58},[44,157594,7173],{"class":62},[44,157596,66],{"class":58},[44,157598,50216],{"class":62},[44,157600,99],{"class":58},[20,157602,157603,157604,86],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[184,157605,150162],{"href":156496},[30,157607,157609],{"id":157608},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157611,1351,157612,157614],{},[15,157613,74797],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[165,157616,157617,157619,157621,157627],{},[168,157618,75934],{},[168,157620,75937],{},[168,157622,157623,157626],{},[15,157624,157625],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[168,157628,157629,157630,157632],{},"A step of ",[15,157631,1491],{}," is not allowed",[20,157634,157635],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,157637,157639],{"className":37,"code":157638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157640,157641,157673,157677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157642,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157644,51],{"class":50},[44,157646,55],{"class":54},[44,157648,8615],{"class":58},[44,157650,931],{"class":62},[44,157652,66],{"class":58},[44,157654,7168],{"class":62},[44,157656,66],{"class":58},[44,157658,7173],{"class":62},[44,157660,66],{"class":58},[44,157662,50216],{"class":62},[44,157664,66],{"class":58},[44,157666,4454],{"class":62},[44,157668,66],{"class":58},[44,157670,75468],{"class":62},[44,157672,99],{"class":58},[44,157674,157675],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157676,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157678,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157680,106],{"class":105},[44,157682,93],{"class":58},[44,157684,83],{"class":89},[44,157686,3270],{"class":58},[44,157688,63],{"class":62},[44,157690,1084],{"class":58},[44,157692,79962],{"class":62},[44,157694,1084],{"class":58},[44,157696,472],{"class":62},[44,157698,677],{"class":58},[20,157700,118],{},[35,157702,157704],{"className":37,"code":157703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157705,157706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157707,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157709,93],{"class":58},[44,157711,15122],{"class":62},[44,157713,66],{"class":58},[44,157715,50216],{"class":62},[44,157717,66],{"class":58},[44,157719,75468],{"class":62},[44,157721,99],{"class":58},[20,157723,157724],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,157726,157728],{"className":37,"code":157727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157729,157730,157758,157762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157731,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157733,51],{"class":50},[44,157735,55],{"class":54},[44,157737,8615],{"class":58},[44,157739,931],{"class":62},[44,157741,66],{"class":58},[44,157743,7168],{"class":62},[44,157745,66],{"class":58},[44,157747,7173],{"class":62},[44,157749,66],{"class":58},[44,157751,50216],{"class":62},[44,157753,66],{"class":58},[44,157755,4454],{"class":62},[44,157757,99],{"class":58},[44,157759,157760],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157761,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157763,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157765,106],{"class":105},[44,157767,93],{"class":58},[44,157769,83],{"class":89},[44,157771,3270],{"class":58},[44,157773,96],{"class":62},[44,157775,1084],{"class":58},[44,157777,63],{"class":62},[44,157779,1084],{"class":58},[44,157781,1393],{"class":54},[44,157783,63],{"class":62},[44,157785,677],{"class":58},[20,157787,118],{},[35,157789,157791],{"className":37,"code":157790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157792,157793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157794,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157796,93],{"class":58},[44,157798,76162],{"class":62},[44,157800,66],{"class":58},[44,157802,50216],{"class":62},[44,157804,66],{"class":58},[44,157806,7173],{"class":62},[44,157808,99],{"class":58},[20,157810,157811],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,157813,157815],{"className":37,"code":157814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157816,157817,157837,157841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157818,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157820,51],{"class":50},[44,157822,55],{"class":54},[44,157824,8615],{"class":58},[44,157826,931],{"class":62},[44,157828,66],{"class":58},[44,157830,7168],{"class":62},[44,157832,66],{"class":58},[44,157834,7173],{"class":62},[44,157836,99],{"class":58},[44,157838,157839],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157840,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157842,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157844,106],{"class":105},[44,157846,93],{"class":58},[44,157848,83],{"class":89},[44,157850,73490],{"class":58},[44,157852,1491],{"class":62},[44,157854,677],{"class":58},[20,157856,157857],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,157859,157861],{"id":157860},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157863,157864,157865,33107],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[116,157866,48325],{},[693,157868,157870],{"id":157869},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,157872,157874],{"className":37,"code":157873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157875,157876,157900,157904,157922,157926,157936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157877,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157879,51],{"class":50},[44,157881,55],{"class":54},[44,157883,8615],{"class":58},[44,157885,931],{"class":62},[44,157887,66],{"class":58},[44,157889,7168],{"class":62},[44,157891,66],{"class":58},[44,157893,7173],{"class":62},[44,157895,66],{"class":58},[44,157897,50216],{"class":62},[44,157899,99],{"class":58},[44,157901,157902],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157903,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157905,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157907,1602],{"class":50},[44,157909,55],{"class":54},[44,157911,3635],{"class":50},[44,157913,3270],{"class":58},[44,157915,63],{"class":62},[44,157917,1084],{"class":58},[44,157919,1433],{"class":62},[44,157921,3005],{"class":58},[44,157923,157924],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,157925,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,157927,157928,157930,157932,157934],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,157929,106],{"class":105},[44,157931,93],{"class":58},[44,157933,1637],{"class":89},[44,157935,99],{"class":58},[44,157937,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,157939,106],{"class":105},[44,157941,93],{"class":58},[44,157943,1090],{"class":909},[44,157945,93],{"class":58},[44,157947,1637],{"class":89},[44,157949,973],{"class":58},[20,157951,118],{},[35,157953,157955],{"className":37,"code":157954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,157956,157957,157969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157958,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157960,93],{"class":58},[44,157962,15122],{"class":62},[44,157964,66],{"class":58},[44,157966,7173],{"class":62},[44,157968,99],{"class":58},[44,157970,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,157972,2659],{"class":54},[44,157974,2662],{"class":1436},[44,157976,360],{"class":278},[44,157978,48325],{"class":282},[44,157980,351],{"class":278},[44,157982,2671],{"class":54},[693,157984,157986],{"id":157985},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,157988,157990],{"className":37,"code":157989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157991,157992,158012,158016,158034,158038,158048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157993,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157995,51],{"class":50},[44,157997,55],{"class":54},[44,157999,8615],{"class":58},[44,158001,931],{"class":62},[44,158003,66],{"class":58},[44,158005,7168],{"class":62},[44,158007,66],{"class":58},[44,158009,7173],{"class":62},[44,158011,99],{"class":58},[44,158013,158014],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158015,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158017,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158019,1602],{"class":50},[44,158021,55],{"class":54},[44,158023,3635],{"class":50},[44,158025,3270],{"class":58},[44,158027,63],{"class":62},[44,158029,1084],{"class":58},[44,158031,472],{"class":62},[44,158033,3005],{"class":58},[44,158035,158036],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,158037,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158039,158040,158042,158044,158046],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,158041,106],{"class":105},[44,158043,93],{"class":58},[44,158045,1637],{"class":89},[44,158047,99],{"class":58},[44,158049,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,158051,106],{"class":105},[44,158053,93],{"class":58},[44,158055,1090],{"class":909},[44,158057,93],{"class":58},[44,158059,1637],{"class":89},[44,158061,973],{"class":58},[20,158063,118],{},[35,158065,158067],{"className":37,"code":158066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158068,158069,158077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158070,158071,158073,158075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158072,93],{"class":58},[44,158074,15122],{"class":62},[44,158076,148596],{"class":58},[44,158078,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158080,2659],{"class":54},[44,158082,2662],{"class":1436},[44,158084,360],{"class":278},[44,158086,48325],{"class":282},[44,158088,351],{"class":278},[44,158090,2671],{"class":54},[693,158092,158094],{"id":158093},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,158096,158098],{"className":37,"code":158097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158099,158100,158120,158124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158101,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158103,51],{"class":50},[44,158105,55],{"class":54},[44,158107,8615],{"class":58},[44,158109,931],{"class":62},[44,158111,66],{"class":58},[44,158113,7168],{"class":62},[44,158115,66],{"class":58},[44,158117,7173],{"class":62},[44,158119,99],{"class":58},[44,158121,158122],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158123,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158125,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158127,106],{"class":105},[44,158129,93],{"class":58},[44,158131,83],{"class":89},[44,158133,3270],{"class":58},[44,158135,1508],{"class":62},[44,158137,1084],{"class":58},[44,158139,1718],{"class":62},[44,158141,677],{"class":58},[20,158143,118],{},[35,158145,158146],{"className":37,"code":913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158147,158148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158149,158150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158151,913],{"class":58},[20,158153,158154,158155,86],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[184,158156,155332],{"href":150219},[30,158158,158160],{"id":158159},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158162,158163],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[165,158165,158166,158168,158171,158176],{},[168,158167,76243],{},[168,158169,158170],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[168,158172,158173,158174],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158175,70100],{},[168,158177,158178],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158180,894],{},[35,158182,158184],{"className":37,"code":158183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158185,158186,158206,158210,158227,158248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158187,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158189,51],{"class":50},[44,158191,55],{"class":54},[44,158193,8615],{"class":58},[44,158195,931],{"class":62},[44,158197,66],{"class":58},[44,158199,7168],{"class":62},[44,158201,66],{"class":58},[44,158203,7173],{"class":62},[44,158205,99],{"class":58},[44,158207,158208],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158209,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158211,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158213,106],{"class":105},[44,158215,93],{"class":58},[44,158217,83],{"class":89},[44,158219,3270],{"class":58},[44,158221,63],{"class":62},[44,158223,19812],{"class":58},[44,158225,158226],{"class":3034},"    # one item\n",[44,158228,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,158230,106],{"class":105},[44,158232,93],{"class":58},[44,158234,83],{"class":89},[44,158236,3270],{"class":58},[44,158238,63],{"class":62},[44,158240,1084],{"class":58},[44,158242,1508],{"class":62},[44,158244,19812],{"class":58},[44,158246,158247],{"class":3034},"  # slice\n",[44,158249,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,158251,106],{"class":105},[44,158253,93],{"class":58},[44,158255,83],{"class":89},[44,158257,3270],{"class":58},[44,158259,1508],{"class":62},[44,158261,1084],{"class":58},[44,158263,1718],{"class":62},[44,158265,19812],{"class":58},[44,158267,158268],{"class":3034},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158270,118],{},[35,158272,158274],{"className":37,"code":158273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158275,158276,158280,158292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158277,158278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158279,70593],{"class":62},[44,158281,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158283,93],{"class":58},[44,158285,15122],{"class":62},[44,158287,66],{"class":58},[44,158289,7173],{"class":62},[44,158291,99],{"class":58},[44,158293,158294],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158295,913],{"class":58},[20,158297,158298],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,158300,158302],{"className":37,"code":158301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158303,158304,158324,158328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158305,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158307,51],{"class":50},[44,158309,55],{"class":54},[44,158311,8615],{"class":58},[44,158313,931],{"class":62},[44,158315,66],{"class":58},[44,158317,7168],{"class":62},[44,158319,66],{"class":58},[44,158321,7173],{"class":62},[44,158323,99],{"class":58},[44,158325,158326],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158327,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158329,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158331,106],{"class":105},[44,158333,93],{"class":58},[44,158335,83],{"class":89},[44,158337,3270],{"class":58},[44,158339,1508],{"class":62},[44,158341,677],{"class":58},[20,158343,158344,158345,158347,158348,86],{},"This raises an ",[15,158346,70100],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[184,158349,154085],{"href":158350},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,158352,14547],{"id":76510},[20,158354,158355],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[165,158357,158358,158361,158363,158366],{},[168,158359,158360],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[168,158362,60061],{},[168,158364,158365],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[168,158367,158368,158369],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158370,1491],{},[20,158372,158373],{},"Here are a few examples.",[693,158375,158377],{"id":158376},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,158379,158380],{"className":37,"code":157180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158381,158382,158410,158414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158383,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158385,51],{"class":50},[44,158387,55],{"class":54},[44,158389,8615],{"class":58},[44,158391,931],{"class":62},[44,158393,66],{"class":58},[44,158395,7168],{"class":62},[44,158397,66],{"class":58},[44,158399,7173],{"class":62},[44,158401,66],{"class":58},[44,158403,50216],{"class":62},[44,158405,66],{"class":58},[44,158407,4454],{"class":62},[44,158409,99],{"class":58},[44,158411,158412],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158413,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158415,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426,158428,158430],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158417,106],{"class":105},[44,158419,93],{"class":58},[44,158421,83],{"class":89},[44,158423,3270],{"class":58},[44,158425,63],{"class":62},[44,158427,1084],{"class":58},[44,158429,96],{"class":62},[44,158431,677],{"class":58},[20,158433,118],{},[35,158435,158436],{"className":37,"code":157237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158437,158438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158439,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158441,93],{"class":58},[44,158443,15122],{"class":62},[44,158445,66],{"class":58},[44,158447,7173],{"class":62},[44,158449,66],{"class":58},[44,158451,50216],{"class":62},[44,158453,99],{"class":58},[20,158455,131664,158456,158458],{},[15,158457,96],{}," is not included.",[693,158460,158462],{"id":158461},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158464,3899],{},[35,158466,158468],{"className":37,"code":158467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158469,158470,158494,158498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158471,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490,158492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158473,51],{"class":50},[44,158475,55],{"class":54},[44,158477,8615],{"class":58},[44,158479,931],{"class":62},[44,158481,66],{"class":58},[44,158483,7168],{"class":62},[44,158485,66],{"class":58},[44,158487,7173],{"class":62},[44,158489,66],{"class":58},[44,158491,50216],{"class":62},[44,158493,99],{"class":58},[44,158495,158496],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158497,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158499,158500],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158501,158502],{"class":3034},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158504,158505],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,158507,158508],{"className":37,"code":154165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158509,158510,158534,158538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158511,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158513,51],{"class":50},[44,158515,55],{"class":54},[44,158517,8615],{"class":58},[44,158519,931],{"class":62},[44,158521,66],{"class":58},[44,158523,7168],{"class":62},[44,158525,66],{"class":58},[44,158527,7173],{"class":62},[44,158529,66],{"class":58},[44,158531,50216],{"class":62},[44,158533,99],{"class":58},[44,158535,158536],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158537,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158539,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158541,106],{"class":105},[44,158543,93],{"class":58},[44,158545,83],{"class":89},[44,158547,3270],{"class":58},[44,158549,63],{"class":62},[44,158551,1084],{"class":58},[44,158553,1433],{"class":62},[44,158555,677],{"class":58},[693,158557,158559],{"id":158558},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,158561,158563],{"className":37,"code":158562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158564,158565,158589,158593,158608,158612,158623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158566,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158568,51],{"class":50},[44,158570,55],{"class":54},[44,158572,8615],{"class":58},[44,158574,931],{"class":62},[44,158576,66],{"class":58},[44,158578,7168],{"class":62},[44,158580,66],{"class":58},[44,158582,7173],{"class":62},[44,158584,66],{"class":58},[44,158586,50216],{"class":62},[44,158588,99],{"class":58},[44,158590,158591],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158592,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158594,158595,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158596,158597],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,158599,55],{"class":54},[44,158601,3635],{"class":50},[44,158603,74903],{"class":58},[44,158605,472],{"class":62},[44,158607,3005],{"class":58},[44,158609,158610],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,158611,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158613,158614,158616,158618,158621],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,158615,106],{"class":105},[44,158617,93],{"class":58},[44,158619,158620],{"class":89},"slice_result",[44,158622,99],{"class":58},[44,158624,158625,158627,158629,158631],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,158626,106],{"class":105},[44,158628,93],{"class":58},[44,158630,83],{"class":89},[44,158632,99],{"class":58},[20,158634,118],{},[35,158636,158638],{"className":37,"code":158637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158639,158640,158652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158641,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158643,93],{"class":58},[44,158645,931],{"class":62},[44,158647,66],{"class":58},[44,158649,7168],{"class":62},[44,158651,99],{"class":58},[44,158653,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158655,93],{"class":58},[44,158657,931],{"class":62},[44,158659,66],{"class":58},[44,158661,7168],{"class":62},[44,158663,66],{"class":58},[44,158665,7173],{"class":62},[44,158667,66],{"class":58},[44,158669,50216],{"class":62},[44,158671,99],{"class":58},[20,158673,158674],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,158676,112978],{"id":112977},[20,158678,158679],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[165,158681,158682,158685,158688,158694,158697],{},[168,158683,158684],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[168,158686,158687],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[168,158689,158690,158691],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158692,158693],{},"tuple[::0]",[168,158695,158696],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[168,158698,158699],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158701,158702],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,158704,158706],{"className":37,"code":158705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158707,158708,158718,158736,158758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158709,158710,158712,158714,158716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158711,106],{"class":105},[44,158713,93],{"class":58},[44,158715,147258],{"class":89},[44,158717,99],{"class":58},[44,158719,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158721,106],{"class":105},[44,158723,93],{"class":58},[44,158725,147258],{"class":89},[44,158727,3270],{"class":58},[44,158729,63],{"class":62},[44,158731,1084],{"class":58},[44,158733,96],{"class":62},[44,158735,677],{"class":58},[44,158737,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158739,106],{"class":105},[44,158741,93],{"class":58},[44,158743,1090],{"class":909},[44,158745,93],{"class":58},[44,158747,147258],{"class":89},[44,158749,3270],{"class":58},[44,158751,63],{"class":62},[44,158753,1084],{"class":58},[44,158755,96],{"class":62},[44,158757,2368],{"class":58},[44,158759,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,158761,106],{"class":105},[44,158763,93],{"class":58},[44,158765,10537],{"class":105},[44,158767,93],{"class":58},[44,158769,147258],{"class":89},[44,158771,973],{"class":58},[20,158773,10546],{},[165,158775,158776,158778,158781,158784],{},[168,158777,154472],{},[168,158779,158780],{},"what the slice actually returns",[168,158782,158783],{},"that the result is a tuple",[168,158785,158786],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,158788,1235],{"id":1234},[693,158790,158792],{"id":158791},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158794,158795],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[693,158797,158799],{"id":158798},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158801,158802],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[693,158804,4516,158806,39329],{"id":158805},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158807,157625],{},[20,158809,158810],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[693,158812,158814,158815,1863],{"id":158813},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158816,70100],{},[20,158818,158819,158820,86],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158821,70100],{},[30,158823,1279],{"id":1278},[165,158825,158826,158830,158834,158838,158842],{},[168,158827,158828],{},[184,158829,155332],{"href":150219},[168,158831,158832],{},[184,158833,148913],{"href":152339},[168,158835,158836],{},[184,158837,150162],{"href":156496},[168,158839,158840],{},[184,158841,147240],{"href":156858},[168,158843,158844],{},[184,158845,154085],{"href":158350},[1304,158847,158848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":158850},[158851,158852,158853,158854,158862,158866,158867,158872,158873,158878,158879,158887],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":156658,"depth":80,"text":156659},{"id":156861,"depth":80,"text":156862},{"id":75383,"depth":80,"text":75384,"children":158855},[158856,158858,158859,158860,158861],{"id":157019,"depth":102,"text":158857},"Get the first n items",{"id":157098,"depth":102,"text":157099},{"id":157176,"depth":102,"text":157177},{"id":157258,"depth":102,"text":157259},{"id":157340,"depth":102,"text":157341},{"id":75677,"depth":80,"text":75678,"children":158863},[158864,158865],{"id":157435,"depth":102,"text":157436},{"id":157519,"depth":102,"text":157520},{"id":157608,"depth":80,"text":157609},{"id":157860,"depth":80,"text":157861,"children":158868},[158869,158870,158871],{"id":157869,"depth":102,"text":157870},{"id":157985,"depth":102,"text":157986},{"id":158093,"depth":102,"text":158094},{"id":158159,"depth":80,"text":158160},{"id":76510,"depth":80,"text":14547,"children":158874},[158875,158876,158877],{"id":158376,"depth":102,"text":158377},{"id":158461,"depth":102,"text":158462},{"id":158558,"depth":102,"text":158559},{"id":112977,"depth":80,"text":112978},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":158880},[158881,158882,158883,158885],{"id":158791,"depth":102,"text":158792},{"id":158798,"depth":102,"text":158799},{"id":158805,"depth":102,"text":158884},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158813,"depth":102,"text":158886},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156502,"description":158888},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":158895,"title":158896,"body":158897,"description":160720,"extension":1334,"meta":160721,"navigation":322,"path":34175,"seo":160722,"stem":160723,"__hash__":160724},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":158898,"toc":160686},[158899,158904,158909,158913,158931,158934,158949,158955,158957,159014,159016,159048,159060,159066,159071,159074,159109,159115,159117,159120,159134,159137,159139,159162,159164,159182,159185,159201,159203,159206,159319,159321,159410,159413,159418,159424,159427,159430,159529,159531,159590,159595,159598,159667,159671,159703,159719,159724,159731,159738,159750,159752,159801,159803,159826,159832,159880,159885,159892,159900,159906,159909,159933,159936,159938,160014,160016,160041,160047,160050,160055,160059,160073,160075,160138,160140,160172,160175,160191,160193,160199,160206,160208,160227,160229,160247,160254,160259,160266,160268,160305,160308,160315,160319,160322,160380,160383,160386,160441,160443,160455,160461,160463,160467,160500,160507,160509,160572,160575,160577,160582,160596,160603,160611,160620,160629,160635,160641,160643,160683],[10,158900,2945,158902,2949],{"id":158901},"python-type-function-explained",[15,158903,1675],{},[20,158905,31682,158906,158908],{},[15,158907,1675],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,158910,62135,158911,103822],{},[15,158912,1675],{},[165,158914,158915,158918,158921,158924],{},[168,158916,158917],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[168,158919,158920],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[168,158922,158923],{},"debug confusing code",[168,158925,158926,158927],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[184,158928,158929],{"href":7597},[15,158930,2328],{},[20,158932,158933],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,158935,158937],{"className":37,"code":158936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,158938,158939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158940,158941,158943,158945,158947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158942,1090],{"class":909},[44,158944,93],{"class":58},[44,158946,41768],{"class":909},[44,158948,99],{"class":58},[20,158950,158951,158952,158954],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,158953,1675],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,158956,2978],{"id":2977},[35,158958,158960],{"className":37,"code":158959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,158961,158962,158974,158988,158992,159000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158963,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158965,7254],{"class":50},[44,158967,55],{"class":54},[44,158969,290],{"class":278},[44,158971,4377],{"class":282},[44,158973,2727],{"class":278},[44,158975,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,158977,106],{"class":105},[44,158979,93],{"class":58},[44,158981,1090],{"class":909},[44,158983,93],{"class":58},[44,158985,7046],{"class":89},[44,158987,973],{"class":58},[44,158989,158990],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158991,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,158993,158994,158996,158998],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,158995,1589],{"class":50},[44,158997,55],{"class":54},[44,158999,1958],{"class":62},[44,159001,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159003,106],{"class":105},[44,159005,93],{"class":58},[44,159007,1090],{"class":909},[44,159009,93],{"class":58},[44,159011,1612],{"class":89},[44,159013,973],{"class":58},[20,159015,118],{},[35,159017,159018],{"className":37,"code":124325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159019,159020,159034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159021,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030,159032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159023,2659],{"class":54},[44,159025,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159027,360],{"class":278},[44,159029,2812],{"class":282},[44,159031,351],{"class":278},[44,159033,2671],{"class":54},[44,159035,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159037,2659],{"class":54},[44,159039,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159041,360],{"class":278},[44,159043,1560],{"class":282},[44,159045,351],{"class":278},[44,159047,2671],{"class":54},[20,159049,148,159050,159053,159054,3766,159057,86],{},[15,159051,159052],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159055,159056],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159058,159059],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,159061,12369,159063,159065],{"id":159062},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159064,1675],{}," function does",[20,159067,159068,159070],{},[15,159069,1675],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159072,159073],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[165,159075,159076,159081,159086,159091,159096,159101],{},[168,159077,159078,159080],{},[15,159079,2812],{}," for text",[168,159082,159083,159085],{},[15,159084,1560],{}," for whole numbers",[168,159087,159088,159090],{},[15,159089,1564],{}," for decimal numbers",[168,159092,159093,159095],{},[15,159094,1097],{}," for lists",[168,159097,159098,159100],{},[15,159099,8199],{}," for dictionaries",[168,159102,159103,68464,159105,3766,159107],{},[15,159104,3237],{},[15,159106,987],{},[15,159108,3045],{},[20,159110,159111,159112,159114],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159113,1675],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,159116,196],{"id":195},[20,159118,159119],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,159121,159122],{"className":37,"code":158936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159123,159124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159125,159126,159128,159130,159132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159127,1090],{"class":909},[44,159129,93],{"class":58},[44,159131,41768],{"class":909},[44,159133,99],{"class":58},[20,159135,159136],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159138,894],{},[35,159140,159142],{"className":37,"code":159141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159143,159144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159145,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159147,106],{"class":105},[44,159149,93],{"class":58},[44,159151,1090],{"class":909},[44,159153,93],{"class":58},[44,159155,279],{"class":278},[44,159157,948],{"class":282},[44,159159,279],{"class":278},[44,159161,973],{"class":58},[20,159163,118],{},[35,159165,159166],{"className":37,"code":45141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159167,159168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159169,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159171,2659],{"class":54},[44,159173,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159175,360],{"class":278},[44,159177,2812],{"class":282},[44,159179,351],{"class":278},[44,159181,2671],{"class":54},[20,159183,159184],{},"You can pass either:",[165,159186,159187,159194],{},[168,159188,159189,159190,188,159192],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159191,63903],{},[15,159193,45897],{},[168,159195,159196,159197,188,159199],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159198,7046],{},[15,159200,8677],{},[30,159202,121137],{"id":121136},[20,159204,159205],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,159207,159209],{"className":37,"code":159208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159210,159211,159229,159243,159257,159279,159305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159212,159213,159215,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159214,106],{"class":105},[44,159216,93],{"class":58},[44,159218,1090],{"class":909},[44,159220,93],{"class":58},[44,159222,279],{"class":278},[44,159224,948],{"class":282},[44,159226,279],{"class":278},[44,159228,973],{"class":58},[44,159230,159231,159233,159235,159237,159239,159241],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159232,106],{"class":105},[44,159234,93],{"class":58},[44,159236,1090],{"class":909},[44,159238,93],{"class":58},[44,159240,931],{"class":62},[44,159242,973],{"class":58},[44,159244,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159246,106],{"class":105},[44,159248,93],{"class":58},[44,159250,1090],{"class":909},[44,159252,93],{"class":58},[44,159254,39512],{"class":62},[44,159256,973],{"class":58},[44,159258,159259,159261,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,159260,106],{"class":105},[44,159262,93],{"class":58},[44,159264,1090],{"class":909},[44,159266,650],{"class":58},[44,159268,63],{"class":62},[44,159270,66],{"class":58},[44,159272,69],{"class":62},[44,159274,66],{"class":58},[44,159276,74],{"class":62},[44,159278,2368],{"class":58},[44,159280,159281,159283,159285,159287,159289,159291,159293,159295,159297,159299,159301,159303],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159282,106],{"class":105},[44,159284,93],{"class":58},[44,159286,1090],{"class":909},[44,159288,4905],{"class":58},[44,159290,279],{"class":278},[44,159292,7046],{"class":282},[44,159294,279],{"class":278},[44,159296,1084],{"class":58},[44,159298,290],{"class":278},[44,159300,4377],{"class":282},[44,159302,279],{"class":278},[44,159304,4914],{"class":58},[44,159306,159307,159309,159311,159313,159315,159317],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,159308,106],{"class":105},[44,159310,93],{"class":58},[44,159312,1090],{"class":909},[44,159314,93],{"class":58},[44,159316,987],{"class":871},[44,159318,973],{"class":58},[20,159320,118],{},[35,159322,159324],{"className":37,"code":159323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159325,159326,159340,159354,159368,159382,159396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159327,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159329,2659],{"class":54},[44,159331,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159333,360],{"class":278},[44,159335,2812],{"class":282},[44,159337,351],{"class":278},[44,159339,2671],{"class":54},[44,159341,159342,159344,159346,159348,159350,159352],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159343,2659],{"class":54},[44,159345,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159347,360],{"class":278},[44,159349,1560],{"class":282},[44,159351,351],{"class":278},[44,159353,2671],{"class":54},[44,159355,159356,159358,159360,159362,159364,159366],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159357,2659],{"class":54},[44,159359,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159361,360],{"class":278},[44,159363,1564],{"class":282},[44,159365,351],{"class":278},[44,159367,2671],{"class":54},[44,159369,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,159371,2659],{"class":54},[44,159373,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159375,360],{"class":278},[44,159377,1097],{"class":282},[44,159379,351],{"class":278},[44,159381,2671],{"class":54},[44,159383,159384,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159385,2659],{"class":54},[44,159387,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159389,360],{"class":278},[44,159391,8199],{"class":282},[44,159393,351],{"class":278},[44,159395,2671],{"class":54},[44,159397,159398,159400,159402,159404,159406,159408],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,159399,2659],{"class":54},[44,159401,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159403,360],{"class":278},[44,159405,3237],{"class":282},[44,159407,351],{"class":278},[44,159409,2671],{"class":54},[20,159411,159412],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159414,159415,159416,86],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[184,159417,44168],{"href":48350},[30,159419,1123,159421,159423],{"id":159420},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159422,1675],{}," with variables",[20,159425,159426],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159428,159429],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,159431,159433],{"className":37,"code":159432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159434,159435,159443,159461,159465,159477,159495,159499,159511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159436,159437,159439,159441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159438,1819],{"class":50},[44,159440,55],{"class":54},[44,159442,1958],{"class":62},[44,159444,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453,159455,159457,159459],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159446,106],{"class":105},[44,159448,93],{"class":58},[44,159450,1188],{"class":89},[44,159452,66],{"class":58},[44,159454,48762],{"class":909},[44,159456,93],{"class":58},[44,159458,1188],{"class":89},[44,159460,973],{"class":58},[44,159462,159463],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159464,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,159466,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,159468,1819],{"class":50},[44,159470,55],{"class":54},[44,159472,290],{"class":278},[44,159474,45278],{"class":282},[44,159476,2727],{"class":278},[44,159478,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159480,106],{"class":105},[44,159482,93],{"class":58},[44,159484,1188],{"class":89},[44,159486,66],{"class":58},[44,159488,48762],{"class":909},[44,159490,93],{"class":58},[44,159492,1188],{"class":89},[44,159494,973],{"class":58},[44,159496,159497],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,159498,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,159500,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,159502,1819],{"class":50},[44,159504,55],{"class":54},[44,159506,2992],{"class":58},[44,159508,931],{"class":62},[44,159510,3005],{"class":58},[44,159512,159513,159515,159517,159519,159521,159523,159525,159527],{"class":46,"line":997},[44,159514,106],{"class":105},[44,159516,93],{"class":58},[44,159518,1188],{"class":89},[44,159520,66],{"class":58},[44,159522,48762],{"class":909},[44,159524,93],{"class":58},[44,159526,1188],{"class":89},[44,159528,973],{"class":58},[20,159530,118],{},[35,159532,159534],{"className":37,"code":159533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159535,159536,159553,159570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159537,159538,159540,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159539,931],{"class":62},[44,159541,159542],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,159544,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159546,360],{"class":278},[44,159548,1560],{"class":282},[44,159550,351],{"class":278},[44,159552,2671],{"class":54},[44,159554,159555,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566,159568],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159556,159557],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,159559,2659],{"class":54},[44,159561,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159563,360],{"class":278},[44,159565,2812],{"class":282},[44,159567,351],{"class":278},[44,159569,2671],{"class":54},[44,159571,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159573,3270],{"class":58},[44,159575,931],{"class":62},[44,159577,12644],{"class":58},[44,159579,159542],{"class":54},[44,159581,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159583,360],{"class":278},[44,159585,1097],{"class":282},[44,159587,351],{"class":278},[44,159589,2671],{"class":54},[20,159591,159592,159594],{},[15,159593,1675],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159596,159597],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,159599,159601],{"className":37,"code":159600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159602,159603,159621,159635,159639,159653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159604,159605,159607,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159606,2760],{"class":50},[44,159608,55],{"class":54},[44,159610,7620],{"class":105},[44,159612,93],{"class":58},[44,159614,279],{"class":278},[44,159616,41240],{"class":282},[44,159618,279],{"class":278},[44,159620,99],{"class":58},[44,159622,159623,159625,159627,159629,159631,159633],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159624,106],{"class":105},[44,159626,93],{"class":58},[44,159628,1090],{"class":909},[44,159630,93],{"class":58},[44,159632,2786],{"class":89},[44,159634,973],{"class":58},[44,159636,159637],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159638,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,159640,159641,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,159642,122249],{"class":50},[44,159644,55],{"class":54},[44,159646,44647],{"class":909},[44,159648,93],{"class":58},[44,159650,2786],{"class":89},[44,159652,99],{"class":58},[44,159654,159655,159657,159659,159661,159663,159665],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159656,106],{"class":105},[44,159658,93],{"class":58},[44,159660,1090],{"class":909},[44,159662,93],{"class":58},[44,159664,122272],{"class":89},[44,159666,973],{"class":58},[20,159668,40489,159669,40493],{},[15,159670,8572],{},[35,159672,159673],{"className":37,"code":124325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159674,159675,159689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159676,159677,159679,159681,159683,159685,159687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159678,2659],{"class":54},[44,159680,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159682,360],{"class":278},[44,159684,2812],{"class":282},[44,159686,351],{"class":278},[44,159688,2671],{"class":54},[44,159690,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699,159701],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159692,2659],{"class":54},[44,159694,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159696,360],{"class":278},[44,159698,1560],{"class":282},[44,159700,351],{"class":278},[44,159702,2671],{"class":54},[20,159704,45074,159705,159709,159710,188,159714,159718],{},[184,159706,159707],{"href":7597},[15,159708,2328],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[184,159711,159712],{"href":2245},[15,159713,2248],{},[184,159715,159716],{"href":2251},[15,159717,2254],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159720,159721,159722,86],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[184,159723,8359],{"href":8358},[30,159725,159727,525,159729],{"id":159726},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159728,1675],{},[15,159730,44176],{},[20,159732,159733,3766,159735,159737],{},[15,159734,1675],{},[15,159736,44176],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[165,159739,159740,159745],{},[168,159741,159742,159744],{},[15,159743,1675],{}," tells you the exact type",[168,159746,159747,159749],{},[15,159748,44176],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159751,894],{},[35,159753,159755],{"className":37,"code":159754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159756,159757,159765,159769,159783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159758,159759,159761,159763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159760,1819],{"class":50},[44,159762,55],{"class":54},[44,159764,34209],{"class":62},[44,159766,159767],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159768,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,159770,159771,159773,159775,159777,159779,159781],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159772,106],{"class":105},[44,159774,93],{"class":58},[44,159776,1090],{"class":909},[44,159778,93],{"class":58},[44,159780,1188],{"class":89},[44,159782,973],{"class":58},[44,159784,159785,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,159786,106],{"class":105},[44,159788,93],{"class":58},[44,159790,48247],{"class":105},[44,159792,93],{"class":58},[44,159794,1188],{"class":89},[44,159796,66],{"class":58},[44,159798,44647],{"class":909},[44,159800,973],{"class":58},[20,159802,118],{},[35,159804,159806],{"className":37,"code":159805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159807,159808,159822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159809,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159811,2659],{"class":54},[44,159813,2662],{"class":1436},[44,159815,360],{"class":278},[44,159817,1560],{"class":282},[44,159819,351],{"class":278},[44,159821,2671],{"class":54},[44,159823,159824],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159825,3350],{"class":871},[20,159827,159828,159829,159831],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159830,44176],{}," is more practical.",[35,159833,159835],{"className":37,"code":159834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159836,159837,159845,159849,159865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159838,159839,159841,159843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159840,1819],{"class":50},[44,159842,55],{"class":54},[44,159844,34209],{"class":62},[44,159846,159847],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159848,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,159850,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861,159863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159852,6374],{"class":3246},[44,159854,48985],{"class":105},[44,159856,93],{"class":58},[44,159858,1188],{"class":89},[44,159860,66],{"class":58},[44,159862,44647],{"class":909},[44,159864,7720],{"class":58},[44,159866,159867,159869,159871,159873,159876,159878],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,159868,7447],{"class":105},[44,159870,93],{"class":58},[44,159872,279],{"class":278},[44,159874,159875],{"class":282},"This is an integer",[44,159877,279],{"class":278},[44,159879,99],{"class":58},[20,159881,148,159882,159884],{},[15,159883,1675],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,159886,148,159887,159889,159890,6549],{},[15,159888,44176],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,159891,6374],{},[20,159893,159894,159895,86],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[184,159896,2945,159898,2878],{"href":159897},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,159899,44176],{},[30,159901,159903,159904],{"id":159902},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,159905,1675],{},[20,159907,159908],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,159910,159912],{"className":37,"code":159911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,159913,159914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159915,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924,159927,159929,159931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159917,1090],{"class":909},[44,159919,93],{"class":58},[44,159921,7046],{"class":89},[44,159923,66],{"class":58},[44,159925,159926],{"class":89}," bases",[44,159928,66],{"class":58},[44,159930,8549],{"class":909},[44,159932,99],{"class":58},[20,159934,159935],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,159937,894],{},[35,159939,159941],{"className":37,"code":159940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,159942,159943,159986,159990,160000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159944,159945,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956,159959,159961,159963,159966,159968,159970,159973,159975,159977,159979,159982,159984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159946,159947],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,159949,55],{"class":54},[44,159951,48762],{"class":909},[44,159953,93],{"class":58},[44,159955,279],{"class":278},[44,159957,159958],{"class":282},"Person",[44,159960,279],{"class":278},[44,159962,66],{"class":58},[44,159964,159965],{"class":58}," (),",[44,159967,59],{"class":58},[44,159969,279],{"class":278},[44,159971,159972],{"class":282},"species",[44,159974,279],{"class":278},[44,159976,1084],{"class":58},[44,159978,290],{"class":278},[44,159980,159981],{"class":282},"human",[44,159983,279],{"class":278},[44,159985,29861],{"class":58},[44,159987,159988],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,159989,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,159991,159992,159994,159996,159998],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159993,106],{"class":105},[44,159995,93],{"class":58},[44,159997,159958],{"class":89},[44,159999,99],{"class":58},[44,160001,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,160003,106],{"class":105},[44,160005,93],{"class":58},[44,160007,159958],{"class":89},[44,160009,86],{"class":58},[44,160011,159972],{"class":1219},[44,160013,99],{"class":58},[20,160015,118],{},[35,160017,160019],{"className":37,"code":160018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160020,160021,160036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160022,160023,160025,160027,160029,160032,160034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160024,2659],{"class":54},[44,160026,2662],{"class":1436},[44,160028,360],{"class":278},[44,160030,160031],{"class":282},"__main__.Person",[44,160033,351],{"class":278},[44,160035,2671],{"class":54},[44,160037,160038],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160039,160040],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,160042,160043,160044,160046],{},"Most beginners do ",[116,160045,736],{}," need this form.",[20,160048,160049],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,160051,4334,160053],{"id":160052},"when-to-use-type",[15,160054,1675],{},[20,160056,160057,11817],{},[15,160058,1675],{},[165,160060,160061,160064,160067,160070],{},[168,160062,160063],{},"debug unexpected values",[168,160065,160066],{},"check what a conversion produced",[168,160068,160069],{},"learn Python data types",[168,160071,160072],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160074,4848],{},[35,160076,160078],{"className":37,"code":160077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160079,160080,160092,160106,160110,160124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160081,160082,160084,160086,160088,160090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160083,34054],{"class":50},[44,160085,55],{"class":54},[44,160087,290],{"class":278},[44,160089,49618],{"class":282},[44,160091,2727],{"class":278},[44,160093,160094,160096,160098,160100,160102,160104],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160095,1589],{"class":50},[44,160097,55],{"class":54},[44,160099,44647],{"class":909},[44,160101,93],{"class":58},[44,160103,34075],{"class":89},[44,160105,99],{"class":58},[44,160107,160108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160109,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,160111,160112,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,160113,106],{"class":105},[44,160115,93],{"class":58},[44,160117,1090],{"class":909},[44,160119,93],{"class":58},[44,160121,34075],{"class":89},[44,160123,973],{"class":58},[44,160125,160126,160128,160130,160132,160134,160136],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,160127,106],{"class":105},[44,160129,93],{"class":58},[44,160131,1090],{"class":909},[44,160133,93],{"class":58},[44,160135,1612],{"class":89},[44,160137,973],{"class":58},[20,160139,118],{},[35,160141,160142],{"className":37,"code":124325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160143,160144,160158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160145,160146,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160147,2659],{"class":54},[44,160149,2662],{"class":1436},[44,160151,360],{"class":278},[44,160153,2812],{"class":282},[44,160155,351],{"class":278},[44,160157,2671],{"class":54},[44,160159,160160,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160161,2659],{"class":54},[44,160163,2662],{"class":1436},[44,160165,360],{"class":278},[44,160167,1560],{"class":282},[44,160169,351],{"class":278},[44,160171,2671],{"class":54},[20,160173,160174],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160176,160177,160178,1561,160182,16441,160186,160190],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[184,160179,160180],{"href":41544},[15,160181,47055],{},[184,160183,160184],{"href":2245},[15,160185,2248],{},[184,160187,160188],{"href":2251},[15,160189,2254],{}," are often the next step.",[30,160192,24724],{"id":24723},[20,160194,160195,160196,160198],{},"A few things about ",[15,160197,1675],{}," often confuse beginners.",[693,160200,160202,160205],{"id":160201},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160203,160204],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160207,64012],{},[35,160209,160211],{"className":37,"code":160210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160212,160213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160214,160215,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160216,106],{"class":105},[44,160218,93],{"class":58},[44,160220,1090],{"class":909},[44,160222,93],{"class":58},[44,160224,1508],{"class":62},[44,160226,973],{"class":58},[20,160228,122168],{},[35,160230,160231],{"className":37,"code":155680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160232,160233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160234,160235,160237,160239,160241,160243,160245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160236,2659],{"class":54},[44,160238,2662],{"class":1436},[44,160240,360],{"class":278},[44,160242,1560],{"class":282},[44,160244,351],{"class":278},[44,160246,2671],{"class":54},[20,160248,40274,160249,160251,160252,86],{},[116,160250,736],{}," print just ",[15,160253,1560],{},[20,160255,6053,160256,160258],{},[15,160257,1675],{}," returns a class object.",[693,160260,160262,727,160264],{"id":160261},"input-returns-str",[15,160263,2328],{},[15,160265,2812],{},[20,160267,78910],{},[35,160269,160271],{"className":37,"code":160270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160272,160273,160291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160274,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160276,1819],{"class":50},[44,160278,55],{"class":54},[44,160280,7620],{"class":105},[44,160282,93],{"class":58},[44,160284,279],{"class":278},[44,160286,45681],{"class":282},[44,160288,279],{"class":278},[44,160290,99],{"class":58},[44,160292,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160294,106],{"class":105},[44,160296,93],{"class":58},[44,160298,1090],{"class":909},[44,160300,93],{"class":58},[44,160302,1188],{"class":89},[44,160304,973],{"class":58},[20,160306,160307],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160309,160310,160311,188,160313,86],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160312,2248],{},[15,160314,2254],{},[693,160316,160318],{"id":160317},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160320,160321],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,160323,160325],{"className":37,"code":160324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160326,160327,160335,160339,160365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160328,160329,160331,160333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160330,1819],{"class":50},[44,160332,55],{"class":54},[44,160334,34209],{"class":62},[44,160336,160337],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160338,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,160340,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359,160361,160363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160342,6374],{"class":3246},[44,160344,48276],{"class":909},[44,160346,93],{"class":58},[44,160348,1090],{"class":909},[44,160350,93],{"class":58},[44,160352,1188],{"class":89},[44,160354,4737],{"class":58},[44,160356,5785],{"class":54},[44,160358,290],{"class":278},[44,160360,159059],{"class":282},[44,160362,279],{"class":278},[44,160364,5770],{"class":58},[44,160366,160367,160369,160371,160373,160376,160378],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,160368,7447],{"class":105},[44,160370,93],{"class":58},[44,160372,279],{"class":278},[44,160374,160375],{"class":282},"It is an int",[44,160377,279],{"class":278},[44,160379,99],{"class":58},[20,160381,160382],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160384,160385],{},"Better options:",[35,160387,160389],{"className":37,"code":160388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160390,160391,160399,160403,160423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160392,160393,160395,160397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160394,1819],{"class":50},[44,160396,55],{"class":54},[44,160398,34209],{"class":62},[44,160400,160401],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160402,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,160404,160405,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160406,106],{"class":105},[44,160408,93],{"class":58},[44,160410,1090],{"class":909},[44,160412,93],{"class":58},[44,160414,1188],{"class":89},[44,160416,3031],{"class":58},[44,160418,5785],{"class":54},[44,160420,44647],{"class":909},[44,160422,99],{"class":58},[44,160424,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435,160437,160439],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,160426,106],{"class":105},[44,160428,93],{"class":58},[44,160430,48247],{"class":105},[44,160432,93],{"class":58},[44,160434,1188],{"class":89},[44,160436,66],{"class":58},[44,160438,44647],{"class":909},[44,160440,973],{"class":58},[20,160442,118],{},[35,160444,160445],{"className":37,"code":3878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160446,160447,160451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160448,160449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160450,3350],{"class":871},[44,160452,160453],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160454,3350],{"class":871},[20,160456,160457,160458,160460],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160459,44176],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,160462,1113],{"id":1112},[20,160464,1116,160465,1084],{},[15,160466,1675],{},[165,160468,160469,160479,160488,160497],{},[168,160470,1123,160471,160473,160474,160478],{},[15,160472,1675],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[184,160475,160476],{"href":7597},[15,160477,2328],{}," always returns a string",[168,160480,1129,160481,160483,160484,1264,160486],{},[15,160482,1675],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160485,1560],{},[15,160487,159059],{},[168,160489,1123,160490,44000,160493,160496],{},[15,160491,160492],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160494,160495],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[168,160498,160499],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160501,160502,160503,86],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[184,160504,160506],{"href":160505},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160508,143834],{},[35,160510,160512],{"className":37,"code":160511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160513,160514,160528,160538,160552,160562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160515,160516,160518,160520,160522,160524,160526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160517,106],{"class":105},[44,160519,93],{"class":58},[44,160521,1090],{"class":909},[44,160523,93],{"class":58},[44,160525,1188],{"class":89},[44,160527,973],{"class":58},[44,160529,160530,160532,160534,160536],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160531,106],{"class":105},[44,160533,93],{"class":58},[44,160535,1188],{"class":89},[44,160537,99],{"class":58},[44,160539,160540,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160541,106],{"class":105},[44,160543,93],{"class":58},[44,160545,41148],{"class":105},[44,160547,93],{"class":58},[44,160549,1188],{"class":89},[44,160551,973],{"class":58},[44,160553,160554,160556,160558,160560],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,160555,1209],{"class":105},[44,160557,93],{"class":58},[44,160559,1090],{"class":909},[44,160561,99],{"class":58},[44,160563,160564,160566,160568,160570],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,160565,33738],{"class":105},[44,160567,93],{"class":58},[44,160569,1188],{"class":89},[44,160571,99],{"class":58},[20,160573,160574],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,160576,1235],{"id":1234},[693,160578,4516,160580,4519],{"id":160579},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160581,1675],{},[20,160583,160584,160585,1561,160587,1561,160589,1565,160591,160593,160594,86],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160586,2812],{},[15,160588,1560],{},[15,160590,1097],{},[15,160592,8199],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160595,159056],{},[693,160597,14274,160599,56574,160601,1863],{"id":160598},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160600,1675],{},[15,160602,44176],{},[20,160604,45736,160605,160607,160608,160610],{},[15,160606,1675],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160609,44176],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[693,160612,4532,160614,160617,160618,1863],{"id":160613},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160615,160616],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160619,2812],{},[20,160621,28429,160622,160624,160625,188,160627,159718],{},[15,160623,2328],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160626,2248],{},[15,160628,2254],{},[693,160630,4544,160632,160634],{"id":160631},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160633,1675],{}," create classes?",[20,160636,160637,160638,86],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160639,160640],{},"type(object)",[30,160642,1279],{"id":1278},[165,160644,160645,160649,160655,160661,160665,160671,160677],{},[168,160646,160647],{},[184,160648,44168],{"href":48350},[168,160650,160651],{},[184,160652,2945,160653,2878],{"href":159897},[15,160654,44176],{},[168,160656,160657],{},[184,160658,2945,160659,2878],{"href":7597},[15,160660,2328],{},[168,160662,160663],{},[184,160664,8436],{"href":8358},[168,160666,160667],{},[184,160668,2945,160669,2878],{"href":2245},[15,160670,2248],{},[168,160672,160673],{},[184,160674,2945,160675,2878],{"href":2251},[15,160676,2254],{},[168,160678,160679],{},[184,160680,2945,160681,2878],{"href":41544},[15,160682,47055],{},[1304,160684,160685],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":160687},[160688,160689,160691,160692,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701,160708,160709,160719],{"id":2977,"depth":80,"text":2978},{"id":159062,"depth":80,"text":160690},"What the type() function does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":121136,"depth":80,"text":121137},{"id":159420,"depth":80,"text":160694},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159726,"depth":80,"text":160696},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":159902,"depth":80,"text":160698},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160052,"depth":80,"text":160700},"When to use type()",{"id":24723,"depth":80,"text":24724,"children":160702},[160703,160705,160707],{"id":160201,"depth":102,"text":160704},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160261,"depth":102,"text":160706},"input() returns str",{"id":160317,"depth":102,"text":160318},{"id":1112,"depth":80,"text":1113},{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":160710},[160711,160713,160715,160717],{"id":160579,"depth":102,"text":160712},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160598,"depth":102,"text":160714},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160613,"depth":102,"text":160716},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160631,"depth":102,"text":160718},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":158896,"description":160720},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160726,"title":160727,"body":160728,"description":163207,"extension":1334,"meta":163208,"navigation":322,"path":163209,"seo":163210,"stem":163211,"__hash__":163212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160729,"toc":163164},[160730,160735,160740,160749,160751,160851,160853,160878,160883,160888,160904,160907,160909,160911,160936,160939,160942,161025,161027,161076,161079,161201,161203,161276,161280,161283,161397,161399,161425,161427,161448,161453,161457,161462,161465,161569,161571,161588,161597,161600,161687,161689,161700,161705,161711,161716,161722,161725,161818,161820,161869,161875,161878,161979,161981,162034,162039,162043,162046,162145,162147,162186,162189,162194,162196,162201,162205,162318,162322,162419,162423,162511,162513,162530,162534,162657,162663,162669,162675,162680,162683,162710,162714,162716,162810,162813,162817,162820,162907,162910,162945,162947,162984,162987,162995,163000,163005,163079,163086,163088,163093,163096,163102,163105,163111,163116,163122,163127,163131,163134,163136,163161],[10,160731,2945,160733,2949],{"id":160732},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160734,63688],{},[20,160736,160737,160739],{},[15,160738,63688],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160741,160742,160743,160745,160746,160748],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160744,63688],{}," inside a ",[15,160747,5334],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,160750,33],{"id":32},[35,160752,160754],{"className":37,"code":160753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160755,160756,160788,160808,160812,160837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160757,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160759,4368],{"class":50},[44,160761,55],{"class":54},[44,160763,2992],{"class":58},[44,160765,279],{"class":278},[44,160767,12253],{"class":282},[44,160769,279],{"class":278},[44,160771,66],{"class":58},[44,160773,290],{"class":278},[44,160775,35309],{"class":282},[44,160777,279],{"class":278},[44,160779,66],{"class":58},[44,160781,290],{"class":278},[44,160783,35318],{"class":282},[44,160785,279],{"class":278},[44,160787,3005],{"class":58},[44,160789,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804,160806],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160791,4437],{"class":50},[44,160793,55],{"class":54},[44,160795,2992],{"class":58},[44,160797,12873],{"class":62},[44,160799,66],{"class":58},[44,160801,12878],{"class":62},[44,160803,66],{"class":58},[44,160805,28288],{"class":62},[44,160807,3005],{"class":58},[44,160809,160810],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160811,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,160813,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822,160824,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,160815,5334],{"class":3246},[44,160817,35360],{"class":50},[44,160819,66],{"class":58},[44,160821,4479],{"class":50},[44,160823,3253],{"class":3246},[44,160825,160826],{"class":105}," zip",[44,160828,93],{"class":58},[44,160830,4412],{"class":89},[44,160832,66],{"class":58},[44,160834,4484],{"class":89},[44,160836,7720],{"class":58},[44,160838,160839,160841,160843,160845,160847,160849],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,160840,7447],{"class":105},[44,160842,93],{"class":58},[44,160844,7046],{"class":89},[44,160846,66],{"class":58},[44,160848,130114],{"class":89},[44,160850,99],{"class":58},[20,160852,118],{},[35,160854,160856],{"className":37,"code":160855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160857,160858,160864,160871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160859,160860,160862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160861,133133],{"class":50},[44,160863,32501],{"class":62},[44,160865,160866,160869],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160867,160868],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,160870,32506],{"class":62},[44,160872,160873,160876],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160874,160875],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,160877,32511],{"class":62},[20,160879,148,160880,160882],{},[15,160881,63688],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,160884,155,160886,158],{"id":160885},"what-zip-does",[15,160887,63688],{},[165,160889,160890,160895,160898,160901],{},[168,160891,160892,160894],{},[15,160893,63688],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[168,160896,160897],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[168,160899,160900],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[168,160902,160903],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,160905,160906],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,160908,196],{"id":195},[20,160910,6595],{},[35,160912,160914],{"className":37,"code":160913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,160915,160916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160917,160918,160920,160922,160925,160927,160930,160932,160934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160919,63758],{"class":105},[44,160921,93],{"class":58},[44,160923,160924],{"class":89},"iterable1",[44,160926,66],{"class":58},[44,160928,160929],{"class":89}," iterable2",[44,160931,66],{"class":58},[44,160933,33820],{"class":105},[44,160935,99],{"class":58},[20,160937,160938],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,160940,160941],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,160943,160945],{"className":37,"code":160944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,160946,160947,160967,160999,161003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160948,160949,160951,160953,160955,160957,160959,160961,160963,160965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160950,51],{"class":50},[44,160952,55],{"class":54},[44,160954,2992],{"class":58},[44,160956,63],{"class":62},[44,160958,66],{"class":58},[44,160960,69],{"class":62},[44,160962,66],{"class":58},[44,160964,74],{"class":62},[44,160966,3005],{"class":58},[44,160968,160969,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989,160991,160993,160995,160997],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,160970,546],{"class":50},[44,160972,55],{"class":54},[44,160974,2992],{"class":58},[44,160976,279],{"class":278},[44,160978,184],{"class":282},[44,160980,279],{"class":278},[44,160982,66],{"class":58},[44,160984,290],{"class":278},[44,160986,563],{"class":282},[44,160988,279],{"class":278},[44,160990,66],{"class":58},[44,160992,290],{"class":278},[44,160994,583],{"class":282},[44,160996,279],{"class":278},[44,160998,3005],{"class":58},[44,161000,161001],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161002,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,161004,161005,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,161006,106],{"class":105},[44,161008,93],{"class":58},[44,161010,1097],{"class":909},[44,161012,93],{"class":58},[44,161014,63758],{"class":105},[44,161016,93],{"class":58},[44,161018,83],{"class":89},[44,161020,66],{"class":58},[44,161022,69465],{"class":89},[44,161024,2282],{"class":58},[20,161026,118],{},[35,161028,161030],{"className":37,"code":161029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161031,161032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161033,161034,161036,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050,161052,161054,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064,161066,161068,161070,161072,161074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161035,21107],{"class":58},[44,161037,63],{"class":62},[44,161039,66],{"class":58},[44,161041,360],{"class":278},[44,161043,184],{"class":282},[44,161045,351],{"class":278},[44,161047,8612],{"class":58},[44,161049,8615],{"class":58},[44,161051,472],{"class":62},[44,161053,66],{"class":58},[44,161055,360],{"class":278},[44,161057,563],{"class":282},[44,161059,351],{"class":278},[44,161061,8612],{"class":58},[44,161063,8615],{"class":58},[44,161065,1433],{"class":62},[44,161067,66],{"class":58},[44,161069,360],{"class":278},[44,161071,583],{"class":282},[44,161073,351],{"class":278},[44,161075,8628],{"class":58},[20,161077,161078],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,161080,161082],{"className":37,"code":161081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161083,161084,161116,161136,161170,161174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161085,161086,161088,161090,161092,161094,161096,161098,161100,161102,161104,161106,161108,161110,161112,161114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161087,4368],{"class":50},[44,161089,55],{"class":54},[44,161091,2992],{"class":58},[44,161093,279],{"class":278},[44,161095,12253],{"class":282},[44,161097,279],{"class":278},[44,161099,66],{"class":58},[44,161101,290],{"class":278},[44,161103,35309],{"class":282},[44,161105,279],{"class":278},[44,161107,66],{"class":58},[44,161109,290],{"class":278},[44,161111,35318],{"class":282},[44,161113,279],{"class":278},[44,161115,3005],{"class":58},[44,161117,161118,161120,161122,161124,161126,161128,161130,161132,161134],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161119,4437],{"class":50},[44,161121,55],{"class":54},[44,161123,2992],{"class":58},[44,161125,12873],{"class":62},[44,161127,66],{"class":58},[44,161129,12878],{"class":62},[44,161131,66],{"class":58},[44,161133,28288],{"class":62},[44,161135,3005],{"class":58},[44,161137,161138,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161166,161168],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161139,161140],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,161142,55],{"class":54},[44,161144,2992],{"class":58},[44,161146,279],{"class":278},[44,161148,21612],{"class":282},[44,161150,279],{"class":278},[44,161152,66],{"class":58},[44,161154,290],{"class":278},[44,161156,29965],{"class":282},[44,161158,279],{"class":278},[44,161160,66],{"class":58},[44,161162,290],{"class":278},[44,161164,161165],{"class":282},"B+",[44,161167,279],{"class":278},[44,161169,3005],{"class":58},[44,161171,161172],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,161173,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,161175,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161199],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161177,106],{"class":105},[44,161179,93],{"class":58},[44,161181,1097],{"class":909},[44,161183,93],{"class":58},[44,161185,63758],{"class":105},[44,161187,93],{"class":58},[44,161189,4412],{"class":89},[44,161191,66],{"class":58},[44,161193,4484],{"class":89},[44,161195,66],{"class":58},[44,161197,161198],{"class":89}," grades",[44,161200,2282],{"class":58},[20,161202,118],{},[35,161204,161206],{"className":37,"code":161205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161207,161208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161209,161210,161212,161214,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270,161272,161274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161211,21107],{"class":58},[44,161213,351],{"class":278},[44,161215,12253],{"class":282},[44,161217,351],{"class":278},[44,161219,66],{"class":58},[44,161221,19264],{"class":62},[44,161223,66],{"class":58},[44,161225,360],{"class":278},[44,161227,21612],{"class":282},[44,161229,351],{"class":278},[44,161231,8612],{"class":58},[44,161233,8615],{"class":58},[44,161235,351],{"class":278},[44,161237,35309],{"class":282},[44,161239,351],{"class":278},[44,161241,66],{"class":58},[44,161243,12878],{"class":62},[44,161245,66],{"class":58},[44,161247,360],{"class":278},[44,161249,29965],{"class":282},[44,161251,351],{"class":278},[44,161253,8612],{"class":58},[44,161255,8615],{"class":58},[44,161257,351],{"class":278},[44,161259,35318],{"class":282},[44,161261,351],{"class":278},[44,161263,66],{"class":58},[44,161265,28288],{"class":62},[44,161267,66],{"class":58},[44,161269,360],{"class":278},[44,161271,161165],{"class":282},[44,161273,351],{"class":278},[44,161275,8628],{"class":58},[30,161277,161279],{"id":161278},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161281,161282],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,161284,161286],{"className":37,"code":161285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161287,161288,161320,161340,161344,161368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161289,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312,161314,161316,161318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161291,4368],{"class":50},[44,161293,55],{"class":54},[44,161295,2992],{"class":58},[44,161297,279],{"class":278},[44,161299,12253],{"class":282},[44,161301,279],{"class":278},[44,161303,66],{"class":58},[44,161305,290],{"class":278},[44,161307,35309],{"class":282},[44,161309,279],{"class":278},[44,161311,66],{"class":58},[44,161313,290],{"class":278},[44,161315,35318],{"class":282},[44,161317,279],{"class":278},[44,161319,3005],{"class":58},[44,161321,161322,161324,161326,161328,161330,161332,161334,161336,161338],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161323,4437],{"class":50},[44,161325,55],{"class":54},[44,161327,2992],{"class":58},[44,161329,12873],{"class":62},[44,161331,66],{"class":58},[44,161333,12878],{"class":62},[44,161335,66],{"class":58},[44,161337,28288],{"class":62},[44,161339,3005],{"class":58},[44,161341,161342],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161343,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,161345,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,161347,5334],{"class":3246},[44,161349,35360],{"class":50},[44,161351,66],{"class":58},[44,161353,4479],{"class":50},[44,161355,3253],{"class":3246},[44,161357,160826],{"class":105},[44,161359,93],{"class":58},[44,161361,4412],{"class":89},[44,161363,66],{"class":58},[44,161365,4484],{"class":89},[44,161367,7720],{"class":58},[44,161369,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161371,7447],{"class":105},[44,161373,93],{"class":58},[44,161375,21661],{"class":1436},[44,161377,279],{"class":282},[44,161379,128],{"class":62},[44,161381,7046],{"class":89},[44,161383,21670],{"class":62},[44,161385,161386],{"class":282}," scored ",[44,161388,128],{"class":62},[44,161390,84887],{"class":89},[44,161392,21670],{"class":62},[44,161394,279],{"class":282},[44,161396,99],{"class":58},[20,161398,118],{},[35,161400,161402],{"className":37,"code":161401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161403,161404,161411,161418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161405,161406,161409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161407,161408],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,161410,32501],{"class":62},[44,161412,161413,161416],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161414,161415],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,161417,32506],{"class":62},[44,161419,161420,161423],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161421,161422],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,161424,32511],{"class":62},[20,161426,44301],{},[165,161428,161429,161438,161441],{},[168,161430,161431,161434,161435],{},[15,161432,161433],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161436,161437],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[168,161439,161440],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[168,161442,161443,3766,161445,161447],{},[15,161444,7046],{},[15,161446,84887],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161449,161450,161451,86],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[184,161452,68982],{"href":68981},[30,161454,161456],{"id":161455},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161458,161459,161461],{},[15,161460,63688],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161463,161464],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,161466,161468],{"className":37,"code":161467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161469,161470,161511,161527,161531,161555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161471,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161507,161509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161473,4368],{"class":50},[44,161475,55],{"class":54},[44,161477,2992],{"class":58},[44,161479,279],{"class":278},[44,161481,12253],{"class":282},[44,161483,279],{"class":278},[44,161485,66],{"class":58},[44,161487,290],{"class":278},[44,161489,35309],{"class":282},[44,161491,279],{"class":278},[44,161493,66],{"class":58},[44,161495,290],{"class":278},[44,161497,35318],{"class":282},[44,161499,279],{"class":278},[44,161501,66],{"class":58},[44,161503,290],{"class":278},[44,161505,161506],{"class":282},"Dan",[44,161508,279],{"class":278},[44,161510,3005],{"class":58},[44,161512,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161514,4437],{"class":50},[44,161516,55],{"class":54},[44,161518,2992],{"class":58},[44,161520,12873],{"class":62},[44,161522,66],{"class":58},[44,161524,12878],{"class":62},[44,161526,3005],{"class":58},[44,161528,161529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161530,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,161532,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,161534,5334],{"class":3246},[44,161536,35360],{"class":50},[44,161538,66],{"class":58},[44,161540,4479],{"class":50},[44,161542,3253],{"class":3246},[44,161544,160826],{"class":105},[44,161546,93],{"class":58},[44,161548,4412],{"class":89},[44,161550,66],{"class":58},[44,161552,4484],{"class":89},[44,161554,7720],{"class":58},[44,161556,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161558,7447],{"class":105},[44,161560,93],{"class":58},[44,161562,7046],{"class":89},[44,161564,66],{"class":58},[44,161566,130114],{"class":89},[44,161568,99],{"class":58},[20,161570,118],{},[35,161572,161574],{"className":37,"code":161573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161575,161576,161582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161577,161578,161580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161579,133133],{"class":50},[44,161581,32501],{"class":62},[44,161583,161584,161586],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161585,160868],{"class":50},[44,161587,32506],{"class":62},[20,161589,1659,161590,3766,161593,161596],{},[15,161591,161592],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161594,161595],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161598,161599],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,161601,161603],{"className":37,"code":161602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161604,161605,161645,161661,161665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161606,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161608,4368],{"class":50},[44,161610,55],{"class":54},[44,161612,2992],{"class":58},[44,161614,279],{"class":278},[44,161616,12253],{"class":282},[44,161618,279],{"class":278},[44,161620,66],{"class":58},[44,161622,290],{"class":278},[44,161624,35309],{"class":282},[44,161626,279],{"class":278},[44,161628,66],{"class":58},[44,161630,290],{"class":278},[44,161632,35318],{"class":282},[44,161634,279],{"class":278},[44,161636,66],{"class":58},[44,161638,290],{"class":278},[44,161640,161506],{"class":282},[44,161642,279],{"class":278},[44,161644,3005],{"class":58},[44,161646,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161648,4437],{"class":50},[44,161650,55],{"class":54},[44,161652,2992],{"class":58},[44,161654,12873],{"class":62},[44,161656,66],{"class":58},[44,161658,12878],{"class":62},[44,161660,3005],{"class":58},[44,161662,161663],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161664,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,161666,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,161668,106],{"class":105},[44,161670,93],{"class":58},[44,161672,10537],{"class":105},[44,161674,93],{"class":58},[44,161676,4412],{"class":89},[44,161678,8612],{"class":58},[44,161680,37754],{"class":105},[44,161682,93],{"class":58},[44,161684,15757],{"class":89},[44,161686,973],{"class":58},[20,161688,118],{},[35,161690,161692],{"className":37,"code":161691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,161693,161694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161695,161696,161698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161697,96],{"class":62},[44,161699,44960],{"class":62},[20,161701,161702,161703,86],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161704,63688],{},[30,161706,91478,161708,161710],{"id":161707},"converting-zip-output",[15,161709,63688],{}," output",[20,161712,28429,161713,161715],{},[15,161714,63688],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[693,161717,148,161719],{"id":161718},"use-listzip",[15,161720,161721],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161723,161724],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,161726,161728],{"className":37,"code":161727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161729,161730,161762,161782,161786,161808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161731,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161733,4368],{"class":50},[44,161735,55],{"class":54},[44,161737,2992],{"class":58},[44,161739,279],{"class":278},[44,161741,12253],{"class":282},[44,161743,279],{"class":278},[44,161745,66],{"class":58},[44,161747,290],{"class":278},[44,161749,35309],{"class":282},[44,161751,279],{"class":278},[44,161753,66],{"class":58},[44,161755,290],{"class":278},[44,161757,35318],{"class":282},[44,161759,279],{"class":278},[44,161761,3005],{"class":58},[44,161763,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161765,4437],{"class":50},[44,161767,55],{"class":54},[44,161769,2992],{"class":58},[44,161771,12873],{"class":62},[44,161773,66],{"class":58},[44,161775,12878],{"class":62},[44,161777,66],{"class":58},[44,161779,28288],{"class":62},[44,161781,3005],{"class":58},[44,161783,161784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161785,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,161787,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,161789,8594],{"class":50},[44,161791,55],{"class":54},[44,161793,21927],{"class":909},[44,161795,93],{"class":58},[44,161797,63758],{"class":105},[44,161799,93],{"class":58},[44,161801,4412],{"class":89},[44,161803,66],{"class":58},[44,161805,4484],{"class":89},[44,161807,973],{"class":58},[44,161809,161810,161812,161814,161816],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161811,106],{"class":105},[44,161813,93],{"class":58},[44,161815,8641],{"class":89},[44,161817,99],{"class":58},[20,161819,118],{},[35,161821,161823],{"className":37,"code":161822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161824,161825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161826,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161828,21107],{"class":58},[44,161830,351],{"class":278},[44,161832,12253],{"class":282},[44,161834,351],{"class":278},[44,161836,66],{"class":58},[44,161838,19264],{"class":62},[44,161840,8612],{"class":58},[44,161842,8615],{"class":58},[44,161844,351],{"class":278},[44,161846,35309],{"class":282},[44,161848,351],{"class":278},[44,161850,66],{"class":58},[44,161852,12878],{"class":62},[44,161854,8612],{"class":58},[44,161856,8615],{"class":58},[44,161858,351],{"class":278},[44,161860,35318],{"class":282},[44,161862,351],{"class":278},[44,161864,66],{"class":58},[44,161866,28288],{"class":62},[44,161868,8628],{"class":58},[693,161870,148,161872],{"id":161871},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,161873,161874],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,161876,161877],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,161879,161881],{"className":37,"code":161880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,161882,161883,161915,161943,161947,161969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161884,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161886,16611],{"class":50},[44,161888,55],{"class":54},[44,161890,2992],{"class":58},[44,161892,279],{"class":278},[44,161894,7046],{"class":282},[44,161896,279],{"class":278},[44,161898,66],{"class":58},[44,161900,290],{"class":278},[44,161902,8677],{"class":282},[44,161904,279],{"class":278},[44,161906,66],{"class":58},[44,161908,290],{"class":278},[44,161910,9786],{"class":282},[44,161912,279],{"class":278},[44,161914,3005],{"class":58},[44,161916,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,161918,3193],{"class":50},[44,161920,55],{"class":54},[44,161922,2992],{"class":58},[44,161924,279],{"class":278},[44,161926,12253],{"class":282},[44,161928,279],{"class":278},[44,161930,66],{"class":58},[44,161932,8684],{"class":62},[44,161934,66],{"class":58},[44,161936,290],{"class":278},[44,161938,15399],{"class":282},[44,161940,279],{"class":278},[44,161942,3005],{"class":58},[44,161944,161945],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161946,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,161948,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,161950,12575],{"class":50},[44,161952,55],{"class":54},[44,161954,8549],{"class":909},[44,161956,93],{"class":58},[44,161958,63758],{"class":105},[44,161960,93],{"class":58},[44,161962,16292],{"class":89},[44,161964,66],{"class":58},[44,161966,3256],{"class":89},[44,161968,973],{"class":58},[44,161970,161971,161973,161975,161977],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161972,106],{"class":105},[44,161974,93],{"class":58},[44,161976,16676],{"class":89},[44,161978,99],{"class":58},[20,161980,118],{},[35,161982,161984],{"className":37,"code":161983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,161985,161986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161987,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161989,128],{"class":58},[44,161991,351],{"class":278},[44,161993,7046],{"class":282},[44,161995,351],{"class":278},[44,161997,1084],{"class":58},[44,161999,360],{"class":278},[44,162001,12253],{"class":282},[44,162003,351],{"class":278},[44,162005,66],{"class":58},[44,162007,360],{"class":278},[44,162009,8677],{"class":282},[44,162011,351],{"class":278},[44,162013,1084],{"class":58},[44,162015,8684],{"class":62},[44,162017,66],{"class":58},[44,162019,360],{"class":278},[44,162021,9786],{"class":282},[44,162023,351],{"class":278},[44,162025,1084],{"class":58},[44,162027,360],{"class":278},[44,162029,15399],{"class":282},[44,162031,351],{"class":278},[44,162033,77],{"class":58},[20,162035,162036,162037,86],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[184,162038,30452],{"href":30451},[693,162040,162042],{"id":162041},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162044,162045],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,162047,162049],{"className":37,"code":162048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162050,162051,162075,162091,162095,162113,162117,162131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162052,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162054,4368],{"class":50},[44,162056,55],{"class":54},[44,162058,2992],{"class":58},[44,162060,279],{"class":278},[44,162062,12253],{"class":282},[44,162064,279],{"class":278},[44,162066,66],{"class":58},[44,162068,290],{"class":278},[44,162070,35309],{"class":282},[44,162072,279],{"class":278},[44,162074,3005],{"class":58},[44,162076,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162078,4437],{"class":50},[44,162080,55],{"class":54},[44,162082,2992],{"class":58},[44,162084,12873],{"class":62},[44,162086,66],{"class":58},[44,162088,12878],{"class":62},[44,162090,3005],{"class":58},[44,162092,162093],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162094,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162096,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,162098,8594],{"class":50},[44,162100,55],{"class":54},[44,162102,160826],{"class":105},[44,162104,93],{"class":58},[44,162106,4412],{"class":89},[44,162108,66],{"class":58},[44,162110,4484],{"class":89},[44,162112,99],{"class":58},[44,162114,162115],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162116,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162118,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,162120,106],{"class":105},[44,162122,93],{"class":58},[44,162124,1097],{"class":909},[44,162126,93],{"class":58},[44,162128,8641],{"class":89},[44,162130,973],{"class":58},[44,162132,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,162134,106],{"class":105},[44,162136,93],{"class":58},[44,162138,1097],{"class":909},[44,162140,93],{"class":58},[44,162142,8641],{"class":89},[44,162144,973],{"class":58},[20,162146,118],{},[35,162148,162150],{"className":37,"code":162149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162151,162152,162182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162153,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162155,21107],{"class":58},[44,162157,351],{"class":278},[44,162159,12253],{"class":282},[44,162161,351],{"class":278},[44,162163,66],{"class":58},[44,162165,19264],{"class":62},[44,162167,8612],{"class":58},[44,162169,8615],{"class":58},[44,162171,351],{"class":278},[44,162173,35309],{"class":282},[44,162175,351],{"class":278},[44,162177,66],{"class":58},[44,162179,12878],{"class":62},[44,162181,8628],{"class":58},[44,162183,162184],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162185,37665],{"class":58},[20,162187,162188],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162190,162191,162192,86],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[184,162193,4510],{"href":4962},[30,162195,40414],{"id":40413},[20,162197,162198,162199,86],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162200,63688],{},[693,162202,162204],{"id":162203},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,162206,162208],{"className":37,"code":162207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162209,162210,162242,162262,162266,162290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162211,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162213,4368],{"class":50},[44,162215,55],{"class":54},[44,162217,2992],{"class":58},[44,162219,279],{"class":278},[44,162221,12253],{"class":282},[44,162223,279],{"class":278},[44,162225,66],{"class":58},[44,162227,290],{"class":278},[44,162229,35309],{"class":282},[44,162231,279],{"class":278},[44,162233,66],{"class":58},[44,162235,290],{"class":278},[44,162237,35318],{"class":282},[44,162239,279],{"class":278},[44,162241,3005],{"class":58},[44,162243,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162245,4437],{"class":50},[44,162247,55],{"class":54},[44,162249,2992],{"class":58},[44,162251,12873],{"class":62},[44,162253,66],{"class":58},[44,162255,12878],{"class":62},[44,162257,66],{"class":58},[44,162259,28288],{"class":62},[44,162261,3005],{"class":58},[44,162263,162264],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162265,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162267,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,162269,5334],{"class":3246},[44,162271,35360],{"class":50},[44,162273,66],{"class":58},[44,162275,4479],{"class":50},[44,162277,3253],{"class":3246},[44,162279,160826],{"class":105},[44,162281,93],{"class":58},[44,162283,4412],{"class":89},[44,162285,66],{"class":58},[44,162287,4484],{"class":89},[44,162289,7720],{"class":58},[44,162291,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162293,7447],{"class":105},[44,162295,93],{"class":58},[44,162297,21661],{"class":1436},[44,162299,279],{"class":282},[44,162301,128],{"class":62},[44,162303,7046],{"class":89},[44,162305,21670],{"class":62},[44,162307,21673],{"class":282},[44,162309,128],{"class":62},[44,162311,84887],{"class":89},[44,162313,21670],{"class":62},[44,162315,279],{"class":282},[44,162317,99],{"class":58},[693,162319,162321],{"id":162320},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,162323,162325],{"className":37,"code":162324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162326,162327,162359,162383,162387,162409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162328,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162330,16611],{"class":50},[44,162332,55],{"class":54},[44,162334,2992],{"class":58},[44,162336,279],{"class":278},[44,162338,12022],{"class":282},[44,162340,279],{"class":278},[44,162342,66],{"class":58},[44,162344,290],{"class":278},[44,162346,7046],{"class":282},[44,162348,279],{"class":278},[44,162350,66],{"class":58},[44,162352,290],{"class":278},[44,162354,15189],{"class":282},[44,162356,279],{"class":278},[44,162358,3005],{"class":58},[44,162360,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162362,3193],{"class":50},[44,162364,55],{"class":54},[44,162366,2992],{"class":58},[44,162368,45963],{"class":62},[44,162370,66],{"class":58},[44,162372,290],{"class":278},[44,162374,12253],{"class":282},[44,162376,279],{"class":278},[44,162378,66],{"class":58},[44,162380,3286],{"class":871},[44,162382,3005],{"class":58},[44,162384,162385],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162386,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162388,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,162390,8544],{"class":50},[44,162392,55],{"class":54},[44,162394,8549],{"class":909},[44,162396,93],{"class":58},[44,162398,63758],{"class":105},[44,162400,93],{"class":58},[44,162402,16292],{"class":89},[44,162404,66],{"class":58},[44,162406,3256],{"class":89},[44,162408,973],{"class":58},[44,162410,162411,162413,162415,162417],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162412,106],{"class":105},[44,162414,93],{"class":58},[44,162416,8583],{"class":89},[44,162418,99],{"class":58},[693,162420,162422],{"id":162421},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,162424,162426],{"className":37,"code":162425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162427,162428,162448,162468,162472,162497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162429,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162431,80026],{"class":50},[44,162433,55],{"class":54},[44,162435,2992],{"class":58},[44,162437,931],{"class":62},[44,162439,66],{"class":58},[44,162441,7168],{"class":62},[44,162443,66],{"class":58},[44,162445,7173],{"class":62},[44,162447,3005],{"class":58},[44,162449,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162451,80047],{"class":50},[44,162453,55],{"class":54},[44,162455,2992],{"class":58},[44,162457,931],{"class":62},[44,162459,66],{"class":58},[44,162461,8684],{"class":62},[44,162463,66],{"class":58},[44,162465,7173],{"class":62},[44,162467,3005],{"class":58},[44,162469,162470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162471,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162473,162474,162476,162478,162480,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,162475,5334],{"class":3246},[44,162477,56256],{"class":50},[44,162479,66],{"class":58},[44,162481,162482],{"class":50}," b ",[44,162484,3253],{"class":3246},[44,162486,160826],{"class":105},[44,162488,93],{"class":58},[44,162490,111001],{"class":89},[44,162492,66],{"class":58},[44,162494,80090],{"class":89},[44,162496,7720],{"class":58},[44,162498,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162500,7447],{"class":105},[44,162502,93],{"class":58},[44,162504,1925],{"class":89},[44,162506,4061],{"class":54},[44,162508,1930],{"class":89},[44,162510,99],{"class":58},[20,162512,118],{},[35,162514,162516],{"className":37,"code":162515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162517,162518,162522,162526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162519,162520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162521,3350],{"class":871},[44,162523,162524],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162525,3411],{"class":871},[44,162527,162528],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162529,3350],{"class":871},[693,162531,162533],{"id":162532},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,162535,162537],{"className":37,"code":162536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162538,162539,162574,162597,162601,162628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162540,162541,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162561,162563,162565,162567,162570,162572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162542,162543],{"class":50},"products ",[44,162545,55],{"class":54},[44,162547,2992],{"class":58},[44,162549,279],{"class":278},[44,162551,24507],{"class":282},[44,162553,279],{"class":278},[44,162555,66],{"class":58},[44,162557,290],{"class":278},[44,162559,162560],{"class":282},"Pen",[44,162562,279],{"class":278},[44,162564,66],{"class":58},[44,162566,290],{"class":278},[44,162568,162569],{"class":282},"Bag",[44,162571,279],{"class":278},[44,162573,3005],{"class":58},[44,162575,162576,162578,162580,162582,162585,162587,162590,162592,162595],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162577,82415],{"class":50},[44,162579,55],{"class":54},[44,162581,2992],{"class":58},[44,162583,162584],{"class":62},"12.5",[44,162586,66],{"class":58},[44,162588,162589],{"class":62}," 1.2",[44,162591,66],{"class":58},[44,162593,162594],{"class":62}," 25.0",[44,162596,3005],{"class":58},[44,162598,162599],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162600,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162602,162603,162605,162607,162609,162612,162614,162616,162618,162621,162623,162626],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,162604,5334],{"class":3246},[44,162606,24568],{"class":50},[44,162608,66],{"class":58},[44,162610,162611],{"class":50}," price ",[44,162613,3253],{"class":3246},[44,162615,160826],{"class":105},[44,162617,93],{"class":58},[44,162619,162620],{"class":89},"products",[44,162622,66],{"class":58},[44,162624,162625],{"class":89}," prices",[44,162627,7720],{"class":58},[44,162629,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162631,7447],{"class":105},[44,162633,93],{"class":58},[44,162635,21661],{"class":1436},[44,162637,279],{"class":282},[44,162639,128],{"class":62},[44,162641,26376],{"class":89},[44,162643,21670],{"class":62},[44,162645,162646],{"class":282}," costs $",[44,162648,128],{"class":62},[44,162650,24516],{"class":89},[44,162652,21670],{"class":62},[44,162654,279],{"class":282},[44,162656,99],{"class":58},[20,162658,35969,162659,86],{},[184,162660,162662],{"href":162661},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,162664,162666,162667],{"id":162665},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162668,63688],{},[693,162670,1129,162672,162674],{"id":162671},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162673,63688],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162676,162677,162679],{},[15,162678,63688],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162681,162682],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,162684,162686],{"className":37,"code":162685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162687,162688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162689,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162691,106],{"class":105},[44,162693,93],{"class":58},[44,162695,10537],{"class":105},[44,162697,93],{"class":58},[44,162699,111001],{"class":89},[44,162701,8612],{"class":58},[44,162703,37754],{"class":105},[44,162705,93],{"class":58},[44,162707,80313],{"class":89},[44,162709,973],{"class":58},[693,162711,162713],{"id":162712},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162715,68205],{},[35,162717,162719],{"className":37,"code":162718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162720,162721,162757,162761,162774,162784,162788,162800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162722,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162724,8594],{"class":50},[44,162726,55],{"class":54},[44,162728,160826],{"class":105},[44,162730,650],{"class":58},[44,162732,63],{"class":62},[44,162734,66],{"class":58},[44,162736,69],{"class":62},[44,162738,17428],{"class":58},[44,162740,2992],{"class":58},[44,162742,279],{"class":278},[44,162744,184],{"class":282},[44,162746,279],{"class":278},[44,162748,66],{"class":58},[44,162750,290],{"class":278},[44,162752,563],{"class":282},[44,162754,279],{"class":278},[44,162756,677],{"class":58},[44,162758,162759],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162760,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162762,162763,162765,162767,162769,162772],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162764,5334],{"class":3246},[44,162766,5337],{"class":50},[44,162768,3253],{"class":3246},[44,162770,162771],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,162773,5770],{"class":58},[44,162775,162776,162778,162780,162782],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,162777,7447],{"class":105},[44,162779,93],{"class":58},[44,162781,215],{"class":89},[44,162783,99],{"class":58},[44,162785,162786],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162787,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162789,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798],{"class":46,"line":976},[44,162791,5334],{"class":3246},[44,162793,5337],{"class":50},[44,162795,3253],{"class":3246},[44,162797,162771],{"class":50},[44,162799,5770],{"class":58},[44,162801,162802,162804,162806,162808],{"class":46,"line":992},[44,162803,7447],{"class":105},[44,162805,93],{"class":58},[44,162807,215],{"class":89},[44,162809,99],{"class":58},[20,162811,162812],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[693,162814,162816],{"id":162815},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162818,162819],{},"This is correct:",[35,162821,162823],{"className":37,"code":162822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162824,162825,162849,162865,162869,162893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162826,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162828,4368],{"class":50},[44,162830,55],{"class":54},[44,162832,2992],{"class":58},[44,162834,279],{"class":278},[44,162836,12253],{"class":282},[44,162838,279],{"class":278},[44,162840,66],{"class":58},[44,162842,290],{"class":278},[44,162844,35309],{"class":282},[44,162846,279],{"class":278},[44,162848,3005],{"class":58},[44,162850,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162852,4437],{"class":50},[44,162854,55],{"class":54},[44,162856,2992],{"class":58},[44,162858,12873],{"class":62},[44,162860,66],{"class":58},[44,162862,12878],{"class":62},[44,162864,3005],{"class":58},[44,162866,162867],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162868,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,162870,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,162872,5334],{"class":3246},[44,162874,35360],{"class":50},[44,162876,66],{"class":58},[44,162878,4479],{"class":50},[44,162880,3253],{"class":3246},[44,162882,160826],{"class":105},[44,162884,93],{"class":58},[44,162886,4412],{"class":89},[44,162888,66],{"class":58},[44,162890,4484],{"class":89},[44,162892,7720],{"class":58},[44,162894,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162896,7447],{"class":105},[44,162898,93],{"class":58},[44,162900,7046],{"class":89},[44,162902,66],{"class":58},[44,162904,130114],{"class":89},[44,162906,99],{"class":58},[20,162908,162909],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,162911,162913],{"className":37,"code":162912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,162914,162915,162935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162916,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162918,5334],{"class":3246},[44,162920,5337],{"class":50},[44,162922,3253],{"class":3246},[44,162924,160826],{"class":105},[44,162926,93],{"class":58},[44,162928,4412],{"class":89},[44,162930,66],{"class":58},[44,162932,4484],{"class":89},[44,162934,7720],{"class":58},[44,162936,162937,162939,162941,162943],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162938,7447],{"class":105},[44,162940,93],{"class":58},[44,162942,215],{"class":89},[44,162944,99],{"class":58},[20,162946,118],{},[35,162948,162950],{"className":37,"code":162949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,162951,162952,162968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162953,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162955,93],{"class":58},[44,162957,351],{"class":278},[44,162959,12253],{"class":282},[44,162961,351],{"class":278},[44,162963,66],{"class":58},[44,162965,19264],{"class":62},[44,162967,99],{"class":58},[44,162969,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,162971,93],{"class":58},[44,162973,351],{"class":278},[44,162975,35309],{"class":282},[44,162977,351],{"class":278},[44,162979,66],{"class":58},[44,162981,12878],{"class":62},[44,162983,99],{"class":58},[20,162985,162986],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[693,162988,1123,162990,162992,162993],{"id":162989},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,162991,63688],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,162994,35117],{},[20,162996,148,162997,162999],{},[15,162998,63688],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163001,148,163002,163004],{},[15,163003,35117],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163006,163007],{"className":37,"code":35286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163008,163009,163041,163045,163065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163010,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163012,4368],{"class":50},[44,163014,55],{"class":54},[44,163016,2992],{"class":58},[44,163018,279],{"class":278},[44,163020,12253],{"class":282},[44,163022,279],{"class":278},[44,163024,66],{"class":58},[44,163026,290],{"class":278},[44,163028,35309],{"class":282},[44,163030,279],{"class":278},[44,163032,66],{"class":58},[44,163034,290],{"class":278},[44,163036,35318],{"class":282},[44,163038,279],{"class":278},[44,163040,3005],{"class":58},[44,163042,163043],{"class":46,"line":80},[44,163044,323],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":322},[44,163046,163047,163049,163051,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163048,5334],{"class":3246},[44,163050,35189],{"class":50},[44,163052,66],{"class":58},[44,163054,35337],{"class":50},[44,163056,3253],{"class":3246},[44,163058,35199],{"class":105},[44,163060,93],{"class":58},[44,163062,4412],{"class":89},[44,163064,7720],{"class":58},[44,163066,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077],{"class":46,"line":326},[44,163068,7447],{"class":105},[44,163070,93],{"class":58},[44,163072,35214],{"class":89},[44,163074,66],{"class":58},[44,163076,35360],{"class":89},[44,163078,99],{"class":58},[20,163080,163081,163082,86],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[184,163083,2945,163084,2878],{"href":91390},[15,163085,35117],{},[30,163087,1235],{"id":1234},[693,163089,4516,163091,4519],{"id":163090},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163092,63688],{},[20,163094,163095],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[693,163097,1239,163099,163101],{"id":163098},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163100,63688],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163103,163104],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[693,163106,163108,163109,1863],{"id":163107},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163110,63688],{},[20,163112,163113,163114,86],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163115,161721],{},[693,163117,163119,163120,1863],{"id":163118},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163121,63688],{},[20,163123,127479,163124,163126],{},[15,163125,161874],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[693,163128,163130],{"id":163129},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163132,163133],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,163135,1279],{"id":1278},[165,163137,163138,163143,163149,163153,163157],{},[168,163139,163140],{},[184,163141,163142],{"href":162661},"How to use zip in Python",[168,163144,163145],{},[184,163146,2945,163147,2878],{"href":91390},[15,163148,35117],{},[168,163150,163151],{},[184,163152,4591],{"href":4962},[168,163154,163155],{},[184,163156,69058],{"href":68981},[168,163158,163159],{},[184,163160,31625],{"href":30451},[1304,163162,163163],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":80,"depth":80,"links":163165},[163166,163167,163169,163170,163171,163172,163180,163186,163195,163206],{"id":32,"depth":80,"text":33},{"id":160885,"depth":80,"text":163168},"What zip() does",{"id":195,"depth":80,"text":196},{"id":161278,"depth":80,"text":161279},{"id":161455,"depth":80,"text":161456},{"id":161707,"depth":80,"text":163173,"children":163174},"Converting zip() output",[163175,163177,163179],{"id":161718,"depth":102,"text":163176},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":161871,"depth":102,"text":163178},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162041,"depth":102,"text":162042},{"id":40413,"depth":80,"text":40414,"children":163181},[163182,163183,163184,163185],{"id":162203,"depth":102,"text":162204},{"id":162320,"depth":102,"text":162321},{"id":162421,"depth":102,"text":162422},{"id":162532,"depth":102,"text":162533},{"id":162665,"depth":80,"text":163187,"children":163188},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163189,163191,163192,163193],{"id":162671,"depth":102,"text":163190},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162712,"depth":102,"text":162713},{"id":162815,"depth":102,"text":162816},{"id":162989,"depth":102,"text":163194},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1234,"depth":80,"text":1235,"children":163196},[163197,163199,163201,163203,163205],{"id":163090,"depth":102,"text":163198},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163098,"depth":102,"text":163200},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163107,"depth":102,"text":163202},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163118,"depth":102,"text":163204},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163129,"depth":102,"text":163130},{"id":1278,"depth":80,"text":1279},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160727,"description":163207},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944977014]